EXERCISE 1
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGY (OCEAN ENERGY)
Introduction
More energy required because of growth in population and 31. ______________
What’s needed:
• renewable energy sources
• methods that won’t create pollution
Wave energy
Advantage: waves provide a 32. ______________ source of renewable energy
Electricity can be generated using offshore or onshore systems
Onshore systems may use a reservoir
Problems:
• waves can move in any 33. ______________
• movement of sand, etc. on the 34. ______________ of the ocean may be affected
Tidal energy
Tides are more 35. ______________ than waves
Planned tidal lagoon in Wales:
• will be created in a 36. ______________ at Swansea
• breakwater (dam) containing 16 turbines
• rising tide forces water through turbines, generating electricity
• stored water is released through 37. ______________, driving the turbines in
the reverse direction
Advantages:
• not dependent on weather
• no 38. ______________ is required to make it work
• likely to create a number of 39. ______________
Problem:
● may harm fish and birds, e.g. by affecting 40. ______________ and building up silt
Ocean thermal energy conversion
Uses a difference in temperature between the surface and lower levels
Water brought to the surface in a pipe.
EXERCISE 2:
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
THE HISTORY OF WEATHER FORECASTING
Ancient cultures
● many cultures believed that floods and other disasters were involved in the creation of the
world
● many cultures invented 31. ______________ and other ceremonies to make the weather
gods friendly
● people needed to observe and interpret the sky to ensure their 32. ______________
around 650 BC, Babylonians started forecasting, using weather phenomena such as 33.
______________
● by 300 BC, the Chinese had a calendar made up of a number of 34. ______________
connected with the weather
Ancient Greeks
● a more scientific approach
● Aristotle tried to explain the formation of various weather phenomena
● Aristotle also described haloes and 35
Middle Ages
● Aristotle’s work considered accurate
● many proverbs, e.g. about the significance of the colour of the 36. ______________
, passed on accurate information.
15th-19th centuries
● 15th century: scientists recognised value of 37. ______________ for the first time
● Galileo invented the 38. ______________
● Pascal showed relationship between atmospheric pressure and altitude
● from the 17th century, scientists could measure atmospheric pressure and temperature
● 18th century: Franklin identified the movement of 39. ______________
● 19th century: data from different locations could be sent to the same place by
40. ______________
