GENDER AND SOCIETY
WITH PEACE
EDUCATION
Krisha Subing Subing, CMHFR, CPST, CMHT, MA ClinPsy
Instructor II
MODULE 2 – Understanding Society
LESSON 8 & 9: Laws Promoting Gender Equality
and Society and Social Thinkers
LEARNING OUTCOMES
• Identify the different laws promoting gender equality
• Explain how gender-equality laws can be made responsive to
the needs of individuals.
• Trace the development of sociology in Europe, America, and
Philippines through an in-depth discussion.
• Explain how sociology relates to gender and development.
• Association of the Southeast Asian Nations
• a geopolitical and economic organization
established to accelerate economic growth, social
progress and cultural development among its ten
(10) member states.
• It also aims to promote peace and stability in the
region, active collaboration and mutual assistance
on matters of common interest, Southeast Asian
studies, and maintain close and beneficial INTERNATIONAL
cooperation with other regional and international
organizations.
COMMITMENTS:
GAD LEGAL
MANDATES
• women’s empowerment and gender equality
were spearheaded by the ACW and ACWC
together with relevant sectoral bodies such
as the ASEAN Women Entrepreneurs
Network (AWEN) and the ASEAN Women
for Peace Registry (AWPR):
INTERNATIONAL
COMMITMENTS:
GAD LEGAL
MANDATES
• Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation
• The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
was established in November 1989 in Canberra,
Australia with 12 founding member economies:
• APEC’s work focuses on three key areas, namely:
trade and investment liberalization, business
facilitation, and economic and technical
cooperation.
• It aims to create greater posterity for the people by
promoting balanced, inclusive, sustainable, INTERNATIONAL
innovative and secure growth and advance COMMITMENTS:
regional economic integration. GAD LEGAL
MANDATES
• Beijing Platform for Action
• BPfA is a landmark document for advancing the rights of women
and gender equality worldwide agreed during the 4th World
Conference on women in 1995.
• The international community came to a consensus and agreed to a
comprehensive blueprint of commitments supporting the full
development of women and their equality with men in 12 areas of
concern:
• (1) women and poverty;
• (2) education and training of women;
• (3) women and health;
• (4) violence against women;
• (5) women and armed conflict;
INTERNATIONAL • (6) women and the economy;
COMMITMENTS: • (7) women in power and decision-making;
GAD LEGAL • (8) institutional mechanisms;
• (9) human rights of women;
MANDATES • (10) women and media;
• (11) women and the environment;
• (12) the girl child.
• Convention of the Elimination of All forms of
Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
• Known as the International Bill of Rights of
Women, Convention on the Elimination of all
Forms of Discrimination Against Women
(CEDAW) was adopted by the United Nations in
1979 and took effect on 3 September 1981.
• The Philippines signed the CEDAW on 15 July
1980 and ratified it on 5 August 1981, the first
ASEAN country to do so.
• As of May 2015, the Convention has been INTERNATIONAL
ratified by 189 states. COMMITMENTS:
GAD LEGAL
MANDATES
• The CEDAW Convention is built on three foundational principles:
non-discrimination, state obligation and substantive equality.
• Non-discrimination is integral to the concept of equality. The
Convention seeks to eliminate discrimination against women in all
fields and spheres, and holds both state and non-state actors in the
case of violation of rights.
• State obligation embodies the elements, that is, respect, protection,
promotion, and fulfillment of human rights. It also upholds the concept
of due diligence which demands ensuring the prevention, investigation,
and sanctioning of private acts of discrimination. The legislature,
executive and judiciary organs of government are responsible for the
INTERNATIONAL fulfillment of all state obligations.
COMMITMENTS: • Substantive equality acknowledges as products of negative female
stereotypes, and consequently seeks to eliminate discrimination at the
GAD LEGAL individual, institutional, and systemic levels through corrective and
MANDATES positive measures including enabling conditions and affirmative
actions.
• Commission on the Status of Women
• is the principal global policy-making body dedicated
exclusively to gender equality and advancement of
women.
• Established on 21 June 1946, the CSW is instrumental
in the promotion of women’s rights and shaping policies
on gender equality and women empowerment.
• is a functional commission of the United Nations
Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC).
• It was established with the aim to prepare INTERNATIONAL
recommendations and reports to the Council on COMMITMENTS:
promoting women’s rights in political, economic, civil,
GAD LEGAL
social and educational fields.
MANDATES
• PROGRAM OF ACTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL
CONFERENCE ON POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT (POA-
ICPD).
• The said conference believes that population and development
are inextricably linked, and that empowering women and meeting
people's needs for education and health, including reproductive
health, are necessary for both individual advancement and
balanced development.
INTERNATIONAL
COMMITMENTS:
GAD LEGAL
MANDATES
• MILLENNIUM DECLARATION AND THE MILLENNIUM
DEVELOPMENT GOALS (MDG)
• The program calls for a global consensus among the 189
member countries of the United Nations towards swift and
effective action to achieve development and eradicate poverty
by 2015.
• The MDGs include an explicit gender equality goal as well as
provide a clear recognition that gender equality is essential in
achieving all the other goals.
INTERNATIONAL
COMMITMENTS:
GAD LEGAL
MANDATES
• 1987 Philippine Constitution Provides that "...the State
recognizes the role of women in nation-building, and shall
ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women
and men" (Art. II, Sec. 14). It also provides that "...the
State shall protect working women by providing safe and
healthy working conditions, taking into account their
maternal functions, and such facilities and opportunities
that will enhance their welfare and enable them to realize
their full potential in the service of the nation" (Art. XIII,
Sec. 14).
LOCAL GAD MANDATE
• In 1975, the National Commission on the Role of
Filipino Women (NCRFW) was established through
Presidential Decree 633.
• It is a government agency run by the government of the
Philippines with the intention of promoting and protecting
the rights of women in the Philippines
LOCAL GAD MANDATE
• RA 7192 of 1992: Women in Development (WID) and Nation
Building Act promotes the integration of women as full and equal
partners of men in development and nation building.
• A campaign supported by the Canadian International Development
Agency (CIDA), was initiated to help government officials and staff
with training in promoting equality under a program called Gender
and Development (GAD).
• Republic Act No. 7160 - Local Code of 1991 - It provides a directive
to all LGUs to promote the general welfare and provide basic
services and facilities to constituents.
LOCAL GAD MANDATE
• Executive Order 273 0f 1995 – Approving and adopting the Philippine
Plan for Gender Responsive Development for 1995 to 2025, a thirty-year
perspective plan that outlines the policies that enable women participate
and benefit from national development.
• It was the country’s main vehicle for implementing the 1995 Beijing
Declaration and Platform for Action.
• In 2009, Republic Act 9710 or Magna Carta of Women was created.
The law seeks to eliminate discrimination against women by recognizing,
protecting, fulfilling and promoting the rights of Filipino women.
LOCAL GAD MANDATE
• PCW is the primary policy-making and coordinating body on
women and gender equality concerns.
• It continuous to build upon the past efforts and
achievements in advancing the status of women.
• It acts a catalyst for gender mainstreaming, the authority on
women’s concerns, and the lead to advocate on women’s
empowerment, gender equity, and gender equality in the
Philippines.
Philippine Commission on Women
• EO 340: Directing National Government Agencies and Government-
Owned and Controlled Corporations to provide Day Care services
for their employees' children
• PD 442: Labor Code of the Philippines
• RA 6725: An Act Strengthening the Prohibition on Discrimination
Against Women with Respect to Terms and Conditions of
Employment, amending for the Purpose Article One Hundred Thirty-
Five of the Labor Code, as Amended
OTHER RELEVANT NATIONAL LAWS
AND POLICIES
• RA 6938: Cooperative Code of the Philippines
• RA 6972: Barangay-Level Total Development and Protection of
Children Act
• RA 7305: Magna Carta of Public Health Workers
• RA 7322: An Act Increasing the Maternity Benefits of Women in the
Private Sector Amending for the Purpose Section 14-A of Republic
Act No. 1161, as Amended, and for Other Purposes
OTHER RELEVANT NATIONAL LAWS
AND POLICIES
• RA 7655: An Act Increasing the Minimum Wage of Household
Helpers, amending for the Purpose Article 143 of Presidential
Degree No. 442, as Amended
• RA 7699: Portability Law
• RA 8042: Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995
• RA 8187: Paternity Leave Act of 1996
• RA 9178: Barangay Micro Business Enterprises (BMBEs) Act of
2002
OTHER RELEVANT NATIONAL LAWS
AND POLICIES
• RA 9501: Magna Carta for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
(MSMEs) On Social and Economic Rights
• Proc. 1105: National Rural Women's
• RA 7394: Consumer Act of the Philippines
• RA 7882: An Act Providing Assistance to Women Engaging in Micro
and Cottage Business Enterprises, and for Other Purposes RA 8289:
Magna Carta for Small Enterprises
• RA 8972: Solo Parents' Welfare Act of 2000 on Violence Against
OTHER RELEVANT NATIONAL LAWS
AND POLICIES
• RA 8972: Solo Parents' Welfare Act of 2000 on Violence Against
Women CSC MC No. 30, s. 1994: Policy on Sexual Harassment in
the Workplace
• Proc. No 731: National Awareness Week for the Prevention of Child
Sexual Abuse and Exploitation
• RA 6955: An Act to Declare Unlawful the Practice of Matching
Filipino Women for Marriage to Foreign Nationals on a Mail Order
Basis and other Similar Practices Including Advertisement,
Publication, Printing or Distribution of Brochures, Fliers and Other
Propaganda Material
OTHER RELEVANT NATIONAL LAWS
AND POLICIES
• RA 6981: Witness Protection, Security and Benefit Act
• RA 7610: Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and
Discrimination
• RA 7877: Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995
• RA 8353: Anti-Rape Law of 1997
• RA 8505: Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act of 1998
• RA 9262: Anti-Violence Against Women and their Children Act of 2004
• RA 9208: Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003
• RA 9775: Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009
• RA 9995: Anti-Photo and Video Voyeurism Act of 2009
OTHER RELEVANT NATIONAL LAWS
AND POLICIES
• In this present time, we have enjoyed the fruits of the hardships the
Sociologists over the centuries.
• Their contributions were significant.
• The result of their studies and scientific investigations provided better and
clearer understanding as society develops and adapts new ideas and
thoughts.
• The following in-depth discussion about the development of Sociology in
Europe, America and in the Philippines is taken from, Society and Culture by
Wenceslao B. Ecoben and Alicia M. Palparan (2015) published by Books
Atbp Publishing Corporation.
SOCIOLOGY: A SOCIAL THINKER
• August Comté, French Philosopher (19 century) coined and used the term -
Sociology.
• He believed that other pre-existing social sciences were inadequate to explain
man's social behavior because each discipline deals with the subject matter in
isolation from the others.
• He proposed Sociology to be part of the social science that explains man's
social behavior as he relates himself with other person.
• August Comté is regarded as the "Father of Sociology".
SOCIOLOGY IN EUROPE
Karl Marx (1818-1883), a German thinker, believed that human society is evolving into a perfect state in which everyone would be equal and
where the capitalist economic system would be overthrown, an idea from which the ideology of communism originated. His idea of the state
supremacy over and above the individual, contributed a lot in the crystallization of the concept of society.
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903), an English philosopher, compared society with an organism and thus suggested the close relatedness of
institutions to any society in order to function as a whole.
Emile Durkheim (1858-1917), is a French intellectual and the first to teach social science in the University level in France. He believed that
in every society a key element in social behavior is social cohesion, or "solidarity. Social cohesion or solidarity is the force needed for
cooperation and unity His is known through his study about Suicide.
Max Weber (1864-1920), German politician, made studies on capitalism, industrialization, and bureaucracy. He believed that capitalism must
be caused by religious attitudes toward work and materialism. He also believed that industrialization in Europe was brought about by the
changing social order. Furthermore, he said, bureaucracy is an organizational system needed for efficiency.
Ferdinand Toennie (1908-1988) puts his interest on how to increase production through the division of labor, specialization and impersonal
forms of interaction in a highly industrialized and urbanized society.
SOCIOLOGY IN EUROPE
• American sociology was historical in approach and macroscopic in orientation. American sociologists
recognize the discipline on the unitary rather than on the wholistic standpoint.
• Lester Ward (1841-1913) a liberal social reformer.
• He believed that social progress is possible only through intelligent social action.
• He also advocated the use of scientific knowledge as guide in restructuring society towards improvement.
• Robert Park (1864-1944) a member of the Chicago School of Sociology. He brought his interest by
studying city or urban processes development. Other social thinkers from Chicago University include,
• Charles Horton Cooley, Herbert Mead and W.I. Thomas whose works were on social interaction in the
development of human thoughts and actions.
• Talcott Parsons (1902-1979) is a known Harvard social thinker. He developed a general theory on action
and social phenomena.
• Robert K. Merton (1910- 2003) Columbia University scholar whose interests were about empirical testing
and understanding concepts like, social structures, self-fulfilling prophecies, deviance and bureaucracies.
SOCIOLOGY IN AMERICA
The development of sociology in the country was brought about by two realities, namely:
(1) sociology as a course in the tertiary level and (2) the use of sociological knowledge to applied disciplines.
• Sociology started as a college subject taught in the University of Santo Thomas in 1896 and in the
University of the Philippines in 1919.
• Fr. Valentine Marin, O.P. was the first to teach Sociology in the Royal and Pontifical University of Santo
Tomas (UST) in 1896 for the Criminology students.
• Serafin Macaraig was the first Filipino Sociology scholar who obtained a doctoral degree from the
University of Wisconsin, USA in 1930's. He wrote a book "Introduction to Sociology" which became the text
book in Sociology for the University of the Philippines (UP).
• Fr. Frank Lynch, S.J. of Ateneo de Manila University founded in 1960 the
• Institute of Philippine Culture. It became a moving spirit for research in Socio-Economic Development.
Prof. Randolf 'Randy' David obtained his Bachelor of Arts in Sociology in UP in 1965 and took up his
doctoral studies in the University of Manchester. He left his studies and went back home to be with his
countrymen during Marital Law under Pres. Ferdinand E. Marcos.
SOCIOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Randy David became a prominent social thinker as he joined the
media industry.
• Asian Social Institute (ASI) - is a graduate institute of learning
specializing in Economics, Sociology, Social Work and Social
Services & Development in the country. Asian Social Institute is now
headed by a very respected president and prolific writer, Dr. Mina
Ramirez, who sustains the idealism and visionary works of Fr.
Seden. Dr. Ramirez is a visiting lecturer to the Vatican in the field of
social issues.
SOCIOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• As the society develops into a more complex organization, there is a need to upgrade our
understanding about dealing with other people, communicating with other people and relating
with other people.
• Through Sociology, we can obtain factual information about social groups, social
organizations and communities of diverse cultural pattern.
• The study of sociology enables us to apply the scientific processes into our daily life and
problems.
• With the learning or skills that we have acquired, through some of the traditional and wisdom
of our society which are unique in their own and observed through the years a and no one
has ever questioned its veracity and legality.
• The results of sociological study are useful to community leaders, organizers, planners,
businessmen, government officials, non-government organizations and even peoples'
organizations in plotting their course of action.
A NEED TO STUDY SOCIOLOGY
There have been many attempts to divide Sociology into many areas, however, let us consider one of the most common and widely
subscribe divisions. The areas of Sociology were divided into seven; these are:
1. Social Organization: This area includes studying social groups, social institutions, social stratification and mobility, ethnic relations,
and bureaucracy.
2. Social psychology: This area is concerned with the study of human nature as the outcome of group life and collective behavior. It
also studies how group behavior affects the individual and how the individual affects the society.
3. Social change: This area involves the study of change in culture, population, technology, political processes, social transformation.
social relations, conflicts, reform and revolution. It also includes problems of the cultural minorities, mass communication, the impact
of natural disasters, and global war.
4. Human Ecology: This area includes the population size, growth, demographic profile, migration, economic status, mental illness,
alcohol and drug abuse, prostitution, criminalities, oppression exploitation and even preservation of natural resources in order that the
next generation will have something for their sustenance.
5. Population Studies: This area is concerned with census on population, household composition, change, and quality as they
influence the economic, political, social and cultural aspect of human society.
6. Sociological theory and research: This area is concerned with the discovery, development, and replication of research tools that
will test its applicability and usefulness for the improvement of human life and social environment.
7. Applied Sociology: This area is concerned with the findings of sociological research which can be beneficial in solving the problems
arising from marriage and family, child development, juvenile delinquency, criminology, and many more. The result is purely to assist
the sociological problems through sociological research.
AREAS OF SOCIOLOGY
STUDY TIME!
GROUP PRESENTATION
• Lesson 11: Social Institutions as Pillars of Society (Tuesday-October 8, 2024)
• Lesson 12: Evolution of the Philippine Society (Thursday-October 17, 2024)
• Lesson 13: Classification and Structure of Society (Tuesday-October 22, 2024)
• Lesson 14: Urban and Rural Communities (Tuesday-October 23, 2024)
• Lesson 15: Tribal Communities in the Philippines (Tuesday-October 29, 2024)
• Lesson 16: Role of Culture, Social Organization, Deviancy and Control (Thursday-October 30, 2024)
• Lesson 17: Understanding of Peace and Peace Education (Tuesday-November 5, 2024)
FAITH
It does not make things easy, It
makes them possible -Luke 1:37
Thank you for listening
