Quantum Mechanics: An Introduction for Device

Physicists and Electrical Engineers 3rd Edition

David K. Ferry pdf download

https://textbookfull.com/product/quantum-mechanics-an-
introduction-for-device-physicists-and-electrical-engineers-3rd-
edition-david-k-ferry/

Download more ebook instantly today - get yours now at textbookfull.com

We believe these products will be a great fit for you. Click
the link to download now, or visit textbookfull.com
to discover even more!

An Introduction to Quantum Transport in Semiconductors

1st Edition David K. Ferry

https://textbookfull.com/product/an-introduction-to-quantum-
transport-in-semiconductors-1st-edition-david-k-ferry/

Introduction to Quantum Mechanics David J. Griffiths

https://textbookfull.com/product/introduction-to-quantum-
mechanics-david-j-griffiths/

Problem Solving in Quantum Mechanics From Basics to

Real World Applications for Materials Scientists
Applied Physicists and Devices Engineers 1st Edition
Marc Cahay
https://textbookfull.com/product/problem-solving-in-quantum-
mechanics-from-basics-to-real-world-applications-for-materials-
scientists-applied-physicists-and-devices-engineers-1st-edition-
marc-cahay/

Fluid mechanics for chemical engineers 3rd Edition

Wilkes J.O

https://textbookfull.com/product/fluid-mechanics-for-chemical-
engineers-3rd-edition-wilkes-j-o/
Electronics for Physicists An Introduction 1st Edition
Bryan H. Suits

https://textbookfull.com/product/electronics-for-physicists-an-
introduction-1st-edition-bryan-h-suits/

An Introduction to Quantum and Vassiliev Knot

Invariants David M. Jackson

https://textbookfull.com/product/an-introduction-to-quantum-and-
vassiliev-knot-invariants-david-m-jackson/

Electrical Engineering for Non Electrical Engineers

Second Edition Rauf

https://textbookfull.com/product/electrical-engineering-for-non-
electrical-engineers-second-edition-rauf/

Turbulence an introduction for scientists and engineers

Davidson

https://textbookfull.com/product/turbulence-an-introduction-for-
scientists-and-engineers-davidson/

Modern Quantum Mechanics 3rd Edition J. J. Sakurai

https://textbookfull.com/product/modern-quantum-mechanics-3rd-
edition-j-j-sakurai/
i

Quantum Mechanics
ii
iii

Quantum Mechanics
An Introduction for Device
Physicists and Electrical Engineers
Third Edition

David Ferry
iv

Third edition published [2021]

by CRC Press
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300,
Boca Raton, FL 33487-​2742
and by CRC Press
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
© 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
[Second edition published by CRC Press 2001]
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher
cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors
and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication
and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any
copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any
future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced,
transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval
system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, access www.copyright.com or
contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-​750-​
8400. For works that are not available on CCC please contact mpkbookspermissions@tandf.co.uk
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks
and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
A catalog record for this title has been requested
ISBN: 978-0-367-46915-3 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-46727-2 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-00-303194-9 (ebk)
v

Contents
Preface to the first edition.........................................................................................vii
Preface to the second edition.....................................................................................ix
Preface to the third edition.........................................................................................xi
Author......................................................................................................................xiii

Chapter 1 Waves and Particles............................................................................... 1

Chapter 2 The Schrödinger Equation................................................................... 29

Chapter 3 Tunneling............................................................................................. 69

Chapter 4 Periodic Potentials............................................................................. 111

Chapter 5 The Harmonic Oscillator................................................................... 129

Chapter 6 Operators and Bases.......................................................................... 155

Chapter 7 Stationary Perturbation Theory......................................................... 179

Chapter 8 Time-​Dependent Perturbation Theory............................................... 199

Chapter 9 Motion in Centrally Symmetric Potentials........................................ 215

Chapter 10 Spin Angular Momentum.................................................................. 243

Chapter 11 An Introduction to Quantum Computing.......................................... 267

Solutions to Selected Problems������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 295

Index���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 311

v
vi
vii

Preface to the first edition

Most treatments of quantum mechanics have begun from the historical basis of the
application to nuclear and atomic physics. This generally leaves the important topics
of quantum wells, tunneling, and periodic potentials until late in the course. This puts
the person interested in solid-​state electronics and solid-​state physics at a disadvan-
tage, relative to their counterparts in more traditional fields of physics and chemistry.
While there are a few books that have departed from this approach, it was felt that
there is a need for one that concentrates primarily upon examples taken from the new
realm of artificially structured materials in solid-​state electronics. Quite frankly, we
have found that students are often just not prepared adequately with experience in
those aspects of quantum mechanics necessary to begin to work in small structures
(what is now called mesoscopic physics) and nanoelectronics, and that it requires
several years to gain the material in these traditional approaches. Students need to
receive the material in an order that concentrates on the important aspects of solid-​
state electronics, and the modern aspects of quantum mechanics that are becoming
more and more used in everyday practice in this area. That has been the aim of this
text. The topics and the examples used to illustrate the topics have been chosen from
recent experimental studies using modem microelectronics, heteroepitaxial growth,
and quantum well and superlattice structures, which are important in today’s rush to
nanoelectronics.
At the same time, the material has been structured around a senior-​level course
that we offer at Arizona State University. Certainly, some of the material is beyond
this (particularly Chapters 10 and 11), but the book could as easily be suited to a first-​
year graduate course with this additional material. On the other hand, students taking
a senior course will have already been introduced to the ideas of wave mechanics
with the Schrödinger equation, quantum wells, and the Krönig–​Penney model in a
junior-​level course in semiconductor materials. This earlier treatment is quite simpli-
fied but provides an introduction to the concepts that are developed further here. The
general level of expectation on students using this material is this prior experience
plus the linear vector spaces and electromagnetic field theory to which electrical
engineers have been exposed.
I would like to express thanks to my students who have gone through the course,
and to Professors Joe Spector and David Allee, who have read the manuscript com-
pletely and suggested a great many improvements and changes.
David K. Ferry

vii
viii
ix

Preface to the second edition

Many of my friends have used the first edition of this book, and have suggested a
number of changes and additions, not to mention the many errata necessary. In the
second edition, I have tried to incorporate as many additions and changes as possible
without making the text overlong. As before, there remains far more material than
can be covered in a single one-​semester course, but the additions provide further
discussion on many topics and important new additions, such as numerical solutions
to the Schrödinger equation. We continue to use this book in such a one-​semester
course, which is designed for fourth-​year electrical engineering students, although
more than half of those enrolled are first-​year graduate students taking their first
quantum mechanics course.
I would like to express my thanks in particular to Dragica Vasileska, who has
taught the course several times and has been particularly helpful in pointing out the
need for additional material that has been included. Her insight into the interpret-
ations has been particularly useful.
David K. Ferry

ix
x
xi

Preface to the third edition

At the turn of the new century in 1900, the world of (what we now call classical)
mechanics was comfortable. Newton’s laws worked very well, and scientists and
engineers knew how to apply them. This was true for small objects such as screws
and wires as well as astronomical objects subject to gravity. The latter, as well as
Coulomb interactions, was apparently well understood in terms of the instantaneous
force at a distance. Yet, within a scant five years, this comfortable understanding
would be completely overturned in a manner that would take years to sort out. This
would be true for very small objects, such as atoms, and for very large objects, such
as the solar system, although the change would come from different theories and
people.
At the small scale, the change would come before the end of the year and begin
with Max Planck and the quantization of the photon required for his new theory
of black body radiation. Planck was not working in isolation, as he had colleagues
who had carried out new careful measurements on black body radiation, measure-
ments which clearly showed that Wien’s earlier theory just was not correct. Planck
was able to fit the new data exceedingly accurately by recognizing two new funda-
mental constants—​one he termed the Boltzmann’s constant and the other came to be
known as Planck’s constant. From Planck’s new theory would eventually come a first
approximate new theory for atomic structure and then a full new theory that worked
for atomic structure but also even for quantum gravity—​the new quantum mech-
anics would appear only slightly less than three decades later. But the new quantum
mechanics would be argued for longer, and even in the last third of the new century,
Richard Feynman would declare that “… nobody understands quantum mechanics.”
How can this be? Understanding of a subject requires that a philosophy has arisen
which describes how the new theory fits with the reality of the existing world. Perhaps
the problem with the new theory was best explained by Murray Gell-​Mann, who said,
“The fact that an adequate philosophical interpretation has been so long delayed is
no doubt caused by the fact that Niels Bohr brain-​washed a whole generation of the-
orists into thinking that the job was done 50 years ago.” Bohr had developed the first
approximate theory for atomic structure and had then propagated strongly the view
that the new theory was magic, and we could only find out what was true by meas-
uring it. We will examine this somewhat further in the first chapter when describing
the various understandings that led to the well-​known Bohr-​Einstein debates.
At the large scale, or perhaps I should say the high velocity scale, Newton’s laws
were forever changed by the introduction by Albert Einstein of his relativity theory.
Now, there was a maximum velocity that matter could achieve, and this dramatically
changed space and time forever. What was left was the understanding that Newton’s
laws worked fine, provided they were used within a well-​defined set of parameters
that were neither too fast nor too small. Nevertheless, it is not at all clear that the
two theories work together. Relativity theory rolls mechanics, electromagnetics, and
gravity all together. From this, we have learned to consider four forces in nature—​the
electromagnetic, strong, weak, and gravity forces. A form of quantum field theory

xi
xii

xii Preface to the third edition

has developed to treat the first three, but inclusion of gravity has been quite difficult,
and many of the assumptions in quantum field theory are not applicable in many
everyday problems.
Leaving all that aside, one can find a great deal of satisfaction in working with a
form of nonrelativistic quantum mechanics that provides satisfactory applications in
many real-​world problems. In fact, most of the population employs tools, particularly
electronics tools, that depend upon the quantum properties of matter, even if they do
not realize it. The information revolution that began around the middle of the last
century depends entirely upon the development of the transistor and integrated cir-
cuits, and the continued development and expansion of the latter. Yet, the transistor
and integrated circuit themselves explicitly depend upon the quantum properties of
the materials from which they are made. Thus, an understanding of quantum mech-
anics is essential to the engineers and physicists who design these devices. And, the
purpose of this book has been, and continues to be, to provide an adequate under-
standing of quantum mechanics. And, despite the expressed doubts of Feynman, it is
my belief that an adequate understanding of quantum mechanics exists for this pur-
pose. The success of the first two editions of this book, and of many other fine books
on the topic, supports this view. The difference in this book is the focus on device
physics and electrical engineering applications to which the theory is applied. That
is, what is very important to these people may be quite esoteric to physicists in other
fields, and vice versa.
As an example of the last comment is quantum tunneling. A physics colleague,
who has written a fine textbook on quantum mechanics, was told by his colleagues
to leave tunneling out of his new edition, as it was too esoteric and unimportant. But
the topic is crucial to considering leakage in modern transistors, and it is of fun-
damental importance to Josephson junctions, that may well be the basis for future
quantum computing. Hence, it is a topic of fundamental importance to device engin-
eers and physicists. In fact, many of the changes in this third edition have been made
to allow us to describe the new applications that are required for quantum computing,
including a discussion of qubits (as well as Josephson junctions).
I would like to thank Prof. Dragica Vasileska for many comments arising from her
reading of various sections of this manuscript.
David K. Ferry
newgenprepdf

xiii

Author
David K. Ferry is Regents’ Professor
Emeritus in the School of Electrical,
Computer, and Energy Engineering at
Arizona State University. He was also
graduate faculty in the Department of
Physics and the Materials Science and
Engineering program at ASU, as well as
Visiting Professor at Chiba University in
Japan. He came to ASU in 1983 following
shorter stints at Texas Tech University, the
Office of Naval Research, and Colorado
State University. In the distant past, he re-
ceived his doctorate from the University
of Texas, Austin, and spent a postdoctoral
period at the University of Vienna, Austria.
He enjoyed teaching (which he refers to
as ‘warping young minds’) and continues
active research. The latter is focused on
semiconductors, particularly as they apply
to nanotechnology and integrated circuits,
as well as quantum effects in devices.
In 1999, he received the Cledo Brunetti Award from the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers and is a Fellow of this group as well as the American Physical
Society and the Institute of Physics (UK). He has been a Tennessee Squire since 1971
and an Admiral in the Texas Navy since 1973. He is the author, coauthor, or editor of
some 40 books and about 900 refereed scientific contributions. More about him can
be found on his home pages http://​ferry.faculty.asu.edu/​ and http://​dferry.net/​.

xiii
xiv
1

1 Waves and Particles

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Science has developed through a variety of investigations more or less over the time
scale of human existence. On this scale, quantum mechanics is an extremely young
field, existing essentially only about a century. Even our understanding of classical
mechanics has existed for a comparatively long period—​roughly having been for-
malized with Newton’s equations published in his Principia Mathematica, in April
1686. Up until the very end of the nineteenth century, mechanics in the form of
Newton’s laws were comfortable, being understood and accepted by all who dealt
with the motion of reasonable bodies. With the turn of the new century, however,
mechanics would be shaken to its roots. The change began already on December
14, 1900, when Planck (1900) presented his new theory of black-​body radiation to
the German Physical Society, and this change would affect mechanics in physically
small structures (and lead to quantum mechanics). Mechanics of large bodies would
similarly be changed in 1905 with the arrival of Albert Einstein’s (1905a) relativity
theory. In this book, we will deal with only the first of these two great breakthroughs.
Black-​body radiation had been studied for many years prior to Planck’s discovery,
but it lacked an adequate theory. One of the early theories was due to Wien, but it
was approximate, and it was discovered that it really didn’t fit to the observations.
The fact that the theory did not fit led to new, very careful experiments at one of
Berlin’s national laboratories, and fortunately, Planck was able to interact with the
latter group. This provided the data that allowed Planck to finalize his theory in what
is now known as the Planck black-​body radiation law:

f 3 df
I ( f ) df ~ , (1.1)
 hf 
exp  −1
 k T 
B

where f is the frequency of the radiation, T is the temperature, and I is the intensity
of the radiation. In addition to these parameters, Planck defined two new constants
which came from comparing the data to the theory. One of these, he named as the
Boltzmann constant, kB = 1.380649 × 10–​23 Joules/​Kelvin. The second, he did not

1
2

2 Waves and Particles

name, but it has since come to be known as Planck’s constant h ~ 6.62607015 × 10–​34
Joule-​second. (While these constants historically were more uncertain, the redef-
initions that occurred after 2019 in the SI base units have given us these values.) In
coming to his radiation law, Planck had to make one more connection and that is a
relation between the frequency and the energy, as

E = hf , (1.2)

where E is the energy of light at the frequency f. While Planck had given us the idea
of quanta of energy, he was not comfortable with this idea. But it took only a decade
for Einstein’s theory of the photoelectric effect (discussed later) to confirm that radi-
ation indeed was composed of quantum particles of energy given by (1.2).
While we commented that (1.2) leads us to conclude that Planck had quantized
the radiation with which he was dealing, this is not evident from (1.2) alone. We also
have to consider the amount of power that is provided by the radiation. For example,
let us assume that the light from the sun (which is a black-​body radiator) arriving at
the surface of the earth is, on average, about 0.1 W/​cm2. If the average photon has an
energy of 2.5 eV, then the number of photons arriving at the surface of the earth is
about 2.5 × 1017 per second per square centimeter. It is this combination of quantities,
power and energy, that together requires the light to be quantized. That is, about
2.5 × 1017 photons/​cm2 arrive every second from the sun, and this requires that the
power falling on the earth’s surface must jump with the arrival of each photon.
But, to be truthful, this is not such a revolution, as the ancient Greeks always be-
lieved that light was composed of small corpuscular units. Even the great physicist
Newton tended to believe that light was corpuscular in nature. It was only the work
of Young (1809) in the late eighteenth century that showed that light would give rise
to an interference effect, a property of waves. Let us examine this important aspect of
light as a wave. If we create a source of coherent light (a single frequency), and pass
this through two slits, the wavelike property of the light will create an interference
pattern, as shown in Figure 1.1. Now, if we block one of the slits, so that light passes
through just a single slit, this pattern disappears, and we see just the normal passage
of the light waves. It is this interference between the light, passing through two dif-
ferent paths so as to create two different phases of the light wave, that is an essential
property of the single wave. When we can see such an interference pattern, it is said
that we are seeing the wavelike properties of light. Of course, the wavelike view was
reinforced in the middle of the nineteenth century with the arrival of Maxwell’s equa-
tions for electromagnetic waves.

1.2 LIGHT AS PARTICLES—​THE PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT

Proof of the fact that light was a particle came quick enough, and it came as an
explanation of the photoelectric effect. It was known that when light was shone upon
the surface of a metal, or some other conducting medium, electrons could be emitted
from the surface provided that the frequency of the incident light was sufficiently
high. The curious effect is that the velocity of the emitted electrons depends only
3

Waves and Particles 3

S2 S2

L L

S1 S1

(a) screen (b) screen

FIGURE 1.1 In panel (a), we illustrate how light coming from the source L and passing
through the two slits S1 and S2 interferes to cause the pattern indicated on the ‘screen’ on the
right. If we block one of the slits, say S1, then we obtain only the light intensity passing through
S2 on the ‘screen’ as shown in panel (b).

upon the wavelength of the incident light, and not upon the intensity of the radiation.
In fact, the energy of the emitted particles varies inversely with the wavelength of
the light waves. On the other hand, the number of emitted electrons does depend
upon the intensity of the radiation, and not upon its wavelength. Today, of course, we
do not consider this surprising at all, but this is after it was explained in the Nobel
Prize–​winning work of Einstein. What Einstein concluded was that the explanation
of this phenomenon required a treatment of light in terms of its ‘corpuscular’ nature;
that is, we need to treat the light wave as a beam of particles impinging upon the sur-
face of the metal. In fact, it is important to describe the energy of the individual light
particles, which we call photons, using the relation (1.2) (Einstein 1905b), which can
be rewritten as

E = hf = ω (1.2)

where ћ = h/​2π. The photoelectric effect can be understood through consideration of

Figure 1.2. However, it is essential to understand that we are talking about the flow
of ‘particles’ as directly corresponding to the wave intensity of the light wave. Where
the intensity is ‘high,’ there is a high density of photons. Conversely, where the wave
amplitude is weak, there is a low density of photons.
A metal is characterized by a work function EW, which is the energy required to
raise an electron from the Fermi energy to the vacuum level, from which it can be
emitted from the surface. Thus, in order to observe the photoelectric effect, or photo-
emission as it is now called, it is necessary to have the energy of the photons greater
than the work function, or E > EW. The excess energy, that is the energy difference
between that of the photon and the work function, becomes the kinetic energy of the
emitted particle. Since the frequency of the photon is inversely proportional to the
wavelength, the kinetic energy of the emitted particle varies inversely as the wave-
length of the light. As the intensity of the light wave is increased, the number of
4

4 Waves and Particles

Energy

Vacuum level

EW

EF Filled states
in conduction
band

Semiconductor Vacuum
Interface

FIGURE 1.2 The energy bands for the surface of a metal. An incident photon with an energy
greater than the work function, EW, can cause an electron to be raised from the Fermi energy,
EF, to above the vacuum level, whereby it can be photo-​emitted.

incident photons increases, and therefore the number of emitted electrons increases.
However, the momentum of each emitted electron depends upon the properties of a
single photon, and therefore is independent of the intensity of the light wave.
A corollary of the acceptance of light as particles is that there is a momentum
associated with each of the particles. It is well known in field theory that there is a
momentum associated with the (massless) wave, which is given by p = hf/​c, which
leads immediately to the relationship

hf h
p= = = k, (1.3)
c λ

where in the last form we have used the well-​known relation k = 2π/​λ.
It is finally clear from the interpretation of light waves as particles that there exists
a relationship between the ‘particle’ energy and the frequency of the wave, and a
connection between the momentum of the ‘particle’ and the wavelength of the wave.
Equations (1.2′) and (1.3) give these relationships. The form of (1.3) has usually
been associated with de Broglie, and the wavelength corresponding to the particle
momentum is usually described as the de Broglie wavelength. However, it is worth
noting that de Broglie (1937) referred to the set of Equations (1.2) and (1.3) as the
Einstein relations! In fact, de Broglie’s great contribution was the recognition that
atoms localized in orbits about a nucleus must possess these same wavelike proper-
ties. Hence, the electron orbit must be able to incorporate an exact integer number of
wavelengths, given by (1.3) in terms of the momentum. This then leads to quantiza-
tion of the energy levels. We shall return to de Broglie later.
Now, at this point, we have a conundrum. Is light a wave, as suggested by the
interference phenomena of Young, or is it a particle, as suggested by Planck and
5

Waves and Particles 5

the photoelectric experiments? Needless to say, this would be investigated. Taylor

(1909), following an idea of J. J. Thomson (1907), initiated experiments using very
weak light. Thomson was studying the ionization of gases under ultra-​violet and
X-​ray illumination and noticed that only a small fraction of the gas molecules were
being ionized. This led him to conjecture that the energy of the light was localized in
Planck’s packets, which also were physically small in dimension, so that these cor-
puscles of light missed the majority of the molecules. This led him to suggest that
light striking a metal surface, or a photographic plate, would actually cause a “…
series of bright specks on a dark ground.” He supposed that if the plate was moved
further from the source, “… we shall diminish the number of these [specks] … but
not the energy in the individual units.” This went beyond Planck’s quantization by
also suggesting that the photons were physically quite small. By attenuating the light
in his measurements, Taylor could get a situation in which the photons came through
one at a time and were separated from one another by a large distance. He used a
flame passing through a single slit as his source, and then diffracted the light around
a needle. He attenuated the light with various smoked glass windows, which he cali-
brated first to determine the attenuation of each window. With the weakest light,
the photographic plate had to be exposed for 2,000 hours. Taylor states that he saw
no diminution in the diffraction pattern for any of his exposures, thus confirming
Thomson’s ideas. Even though light arrived at each photographic plate as a single
photon at a time, and exposed a single spot on the plate, the net pattern formed over
time matched the expected wave interference patterns. Consequently, the light in
this experiment was acting as both particle (upon striking the plate) and wave (when
passing the needle). From this, and from later experiments on two slits, we know that
what is observed is each photon creates a single point on the screen behind the two
slits. That is, a single photon impacting the screen does not create the interference
pattern. But, after thousands of photons impact the screen, each one going through
the two slits as an individual photon, the interference pattern emerges. Thus, it was
clear that light had both wave and particle aspects and could exhibit both in a single
experiment!

1.3 ELECTRONS AS WAVES

In the previous section, we discussed how light, or electromagnetic waves, can behave
as either a wave or a collection of particles. It is fair to then ask whether particles,
such as electrons, behave as waves? This question remained unanswered for several
years. In 1921, Clinton Davisson and Charles Kunsman (1921, 1923), working at the
AT&T research laboratories in America, had noticed that the scattering of electrons
from Ni and other metals showed unexpected peaks in the angular variation of the
scattering. In sending a beam of electrons into a crystal, such as Ni, they found
these unexpected results. If the energy of the entering electrons is sufficiently large,
they can knock other electrons out of their atomic orbits and these electrons can
be emitted in complete analogy to the photoelectric effect, with the incident elec-
tron replacing the photon. But Davisson and Kunsman also observed electrons with
almost the same energy as the incident beam being reflected from the crystal over
a large range of angles. Studies of the angular distribution of the emitted/​scattered
6

6 Waves and Particles

electrons showed the appearance of peaks much like diffraction peaks, apparently due
to the periodic nature of the atomic arrangement. In these studies, the scattering cross-​
section had an oscillatory behavior with peaks and valleys as the energy was varied
as in the case with Ni. Walter Elsasser (1925) proposed that these effects were the
result of the diffraction of electron waves, and his paper was published only after the
editor consulted with Einstein. Just after this, George Thomson (1927), the son of J. J.
Thomson, obtained clear diffraction patterns of electrons striking thin metal films.
Sending the electrons through the thin films, he observed the diffraction rings of the
exciting electrons. Thus, it was finally clear that the electrons could show wavelike
properties.
From these experiments, we have a similarity between light and particles.
Consequently, there are times when it is clearly advantageous to describe particles,
such as electrons, as waves. In the correspondence between these two viewpoints,
it is important to note that the varying intensity of the wave reflects the presence
of a varying number of particles; the particle density at a point x, at time t, reflects
the varying intensity of the wave at this point and time. For this to be the case, it
is important that quantum mechanics describe both the wave and particle pictures
through the principle of superposition. That is, the amplitude of the composite wave
is related to the sum of the amplitudes of the individual waves corresponding to each
of the particles present. Note that it is the amplitudes, and not the intensities, that are
summed, so there arises the real possibility for interference between the waves of
individual particles. Thus, for the presence of two (noninteracting) particles at a point
x, at time t, we may write the composite wave function as

Ψ ( x, t ) = Ψ1 ( x, t ) + Ψ2 ( x, t ) . (1.4)

This composite wave may be described as a probability wave, in that the square of
the magnitude describes the probability of finding an electron at a point (we will go
further into this point below).
It may be noted from (1.3) that the momentum of the particles goes immediately
into the so-​called wave vector k of the wave. A special form of (1.4) is

Ψ ( x, t ) = Ae ( 1
i k x − ω t)
+ Be (
i k2 x − ω t)
, (1.5)

where it has been assumed that the two components may have different momenta (but
we have taken the energies to be equal). For the moment, only the time-​independent
steady state will be considered, so the time-​varying parts of (1.5) will be suppressed.
It is known, for example, that a time-​varying magnetic field that is enclosed by a con-
ducting loop will induce an electric field (and voltage) in the loop through Faraday’s
law. Can this happen for a time-​independent magnetic field? We know that a d.c. mag-
netic field can affect the motion of electrons through the Lorentz force. The question
is how this arises for a wavelike electron.
A particularly remarkable illustration of the importance of the phase is the
magnetic Aharonov-​ Bohm (1959) (AB) effect. The effect was predicted in the
7

Waves and Particles 7

mid-​twentieth century and was verified by a number of experiments almost immedi-

ately. Here, we illustrate the effect with an experiment conducted on an appropriate
nanostructure. The basic structure of the experiment is illustrated in Figure 1.3.
The basic structure is formed on an AlGaAs/​GaAs semiconductor heterostructure.
A quasi-​one-​dimensional (Q1D) conducting channel is fabricated on the surface of
a semiconductor by using electron-​beam lithography to deposit a NiCr pattern by
liftoff, and then using this pattern as a mask for reactive-​ion etching away parts of the
heterostructure to leave electrons in the ring structure [Mankiewich et al., 1988]. The
waveguide is sufficiently small so that only one or a few electron modes are possible.
The incident electrons, from the left of the ring in Figure 1.3(a), have their wave split
at the entrance to the ring. The waves propagate around the two halves of the ring to
recombine (and interfere) at the exit port. The overall transmission through the struc-
ture, from the left electrodes to the right electrodes, depends upon the relative size
of the ring circumference in comparison to the electron wavelength. If the size of the
ring is small compared to the inelastic mean free path, the transmission depends on
the phase of the two fractional paths. In this effect, a magnetic field is passed through
the annulus of the ring, and this magnetic field will modulate the phase interference
at the exit port. There are two types of resistance measurements, which are labeled
Rxx and Rxy in Figure 1.3(b). The Rxx measurement is made directly across the ring
and is a direct measure of the resistance of the ring as measured by the voltage drop
across it. The other measurement is a transverse measurement, which in some sense
is a nonlocal one as it does not measure the voltage drop across the ring but the effect
the ring voltage has on the rest of the circuit.
We understand the measured behavior from the assumption that the magnetic field
passes vertically through the ring. The vector potential for a magnetic field passing
through the annulus of the ring is azimuthal, so that electrons passing through either
side of the ring will travel either parallel or antiparallel to the vector potential, and
this difference produces the phase modulation, as indicated in Figure 1.3(b). The
vector potential will be considered to be directed counterclockwise around the ring.
(We adopt cylindrical coordinates, with the magnetic field directed in the z-​direction
and the vector potential in the θ-​direction.) To understand the phase interference,
we note that the wave momentum is affected by any electric field via (this follows
classical physics, discussed below in Section 1.5, where the time derivative of the
momentum is given by the force)

dk
 = F = −eE → k = k0 − e ∫ Edt , (1.6)
dt

where, here, E is the electric field (not to be confused with the energy). Now, in
electromagnetics, we know that in the proper gauge, the electric field is related to the
vector potential as

∂A
E=− . (1.7)
∂t
 newgenrtpdf
8
8
FIGURE 1.3 (a) Micrograph of a conducting semiconductor ring etched into an AlGaAs/​ GaAs

Waves and Particles

heterostructure. (b) The magnetoresistance and Hall resistance measured for the ring of panel (a). The inset
shows the Fourier transform of the resistance. Reprinted with permission from (Mankiewich et al., 1988).
Copyright 1988 American Vacuum Society.
9

Waves and Particles 9

Equations (1.6) and (1.7) can now be combined to show that the proper momentum
arises from the Peierts’ substitution in which the normal momentum vector is re-
placed by p − eA / . This means that the proper phase for the two parts of the wave
function are determined from

1
φ = φ0 +

( p − eA)⋅ r, (1.8)

so that the exit phases for the upper and lower arms of the ring can be expressed as

0 e 
φ = φ0 + ∫ 
π
k + A ⋅ a ϑ rd ϕ
 
. (1.9)
e  0

π ∫
φ = φ0 −  k − A ⋅ a ϑ rd ϕ
 

The two waves from (1.9) will now have a phase difference

e 2π e Φ
δφ =
 ∫0
A ⋅ a ϑ rd ϕ =

∫ B ⋅ a z dS = 2 π
Φ0
, (1.10)

where Φ0 = h/​e is the quantum unit of flux and Φ is the flux enclosed in the ring. The
phase interference term in Equation (1.10) goes through a complete oscillation each
time the magnetic field is increased by one flux quantum unit. This produces a modu-
lation in the conductance (resistance) that is periodic in the magnetic field, with a
period h/​eS, where S is the area of the ring. This periodic oscillation is the AB effect,
and in Figure 1.3(b) results are shown for such a semiconductor structure. One can
see that exactly this ‘frequency’ appears in the Fourier transform shown as the inset
to this figure. More interestingly, the transverse resistance, which is not measured
across the ring also shows such an oscillation. This appears to be a nonlocal effect
but is a reflection of the fact that the voltage oscillations across the ring directly affect
the rest of the circuit.
The preceding paragraphs describe how we can ‘measure’ the phase interference
between the electron waves passing through two separate arms of the system. In
this regard, these two arms serve as the two slits for the optical waves of Figure 1.1.
Observation of the interference phenomena shows us that the electrons must be con-
sidered as waves, and not as particles, for this experiment. Once more, we have a
confirmation of the correspondence between waves and particles as two views of a
coherent whole.

1.4 REALITY AND CAUSALITY

The anomaly of light and particles having both wavelike and particle-​like properties
was confusing to the world of the early twentieth century and, not in the least, to the
10

10 Waves and Particles

scientists of the day. It challenged the understanding of our views of mechanics and
electromagnetics. In the first, particles were definitely only particles, while in the
second, optical and radio waves were definitely waves. It would only get more com-
plicated as the spectra of light absorption and emission from atoms was considered.
By this time, it was well known that the absorption of light by atoms, and the
subsequent emission of light from these atoms, was definitely quantized into a set
spectrum of discrete frequencies or wavelengths. The reason for this discreteness was
not yet known. One of the early pioneers was the Swedish physicist Anders Jonas
Ångström. In the middle of the nineteenth century, he developed tools with which
he studied the emission spectrum of the sun, and determined that hydrogen, as well
as other atoms, were in this spectrum (Ångström 1862). In 1868, he published what
is known as the great map of the solar spectrum (Ångström 1868). Working with the
data from these publications, Johann Balmer (1885) devised a formula to empirically
fit this data. Balmer was a Swiss mathematician, and this seems to be his greatest
contribution, done when he was already in his 60s. He wrote the formula in terms of
the wavelength of light λ as

Bn2
λ= , (1.11)
n2 − 2

where B is a constant and n = 3,4,5, … . Of course, he was not clear why the second
number in the denominator was 2, but it fit all the data in the visible spectrum to
which he had access.
Working almost independently, Johannes Rydberg (1889), a Swedish physicist,
developed a somewhat more general formula, as he was trying to fit to a wide range
of materials. He recognized that Balmer had found a special case of a more general
formula that he had created. Rydberg’s formula read

1  1 1
= RyZ 2  2 − 2  , (1.12a)
λ m n 

which reproduced Balmer’s formula when m = 2. Here, Ry is known as the Rydberg

constant

e4 me m p
Ry = ~ 13.605eV , (1.12b)
802 h3 c me + m p

which he thought was the same for all materials (as it turned out to be), and Z is the
atomic number (the number of protons in the atom). As Balmer’s series was mainly
in the visible, it is natural to understand that it was this part of the hydrogen spectrum
that was the first one found and remained the only known set of emission lines for a
great many years. Other series would be found as time passed onward.
11

Waves and Particles 11

To try to explain these observations, Nagaoka (1904) modeled a planar atom in

which the electrons all resided on a circle around a central positive nucleus. The latter
had shown that this was stable provided the attractive force between the electrons
and the nucleus was large enough, and the electrons all had about the same velocity.
Nagaoka also had considered already that the electrons may lie in many rings, all of
which may or may not lie in the same plane, so it could be a planetary-​like model
or a more spherical model. He noted that the many rings would align better with
studies of the optical absorption measurement in atoms, which showed a series of
very sharp lines in the spectra, which he connected to the rings of his atomic model.
Subsequently, Niels Bohr would work on the problem. He had gone to Manchester
to work with Rutherford as a postdoctoral fellow. There he studied Rutherford’s
planetary model of the atom but was disturbed by the question of why the electrons
didn’t simply collapse into the nucleus as they radiated their energy. Certainly, he
knew of Nagaoka’s work with the electrons outside the nucleus. This led him to
ask whether the electrons would be restricted into very well-​defined energy levels
using the same idea of quantization that Planck had used. He was still working on
the problem when his fellowship expired, and he returned to Denmark. He continued
to work on his atomic model and the first paper was finally published (Bohr 1913).
Surprisingly, Bohr had not learned about the Balmer and Rydberg formulae until
about this time but learned just in time to use the experimental results in his paper.
This would be a fortunate addition, because it clarified his thoughts and provided
the final justification for the paper. The result of using Planck’s quantization of the
photon energy led also to the result that the angular momentum of the electrons in
their motion around the nucleus was also quantized, but for reasons which he did not
understand.
Here, though, we are facing the fact that this was not a solid theory. Rather, it was
a hand-​waving exercise which fortuitously gave an understanding of the source of
the Rydberg formula. It explained the series of lines and fit the experiments. But, if
you believed that reality existed without the need for observers, then Bohr’s work
was unsatisfying. So, now the dilemma arises. For Bohr adopted the view that it was
the experiment and the apparatus with which it was performed that provided the
reality of the result. It was the reality of the measured atomic spectra that defined
the reality of his work. Reality arrived with the measurement and different measure-
ments could have different realities. If the measured atomic spectra defined reality,
then his theory was good to go. He no longer needed to explain why the momentum
was quantized, or why the electrons did not collapse into the nucleus. There was
no need to have any underlying theoretical derivation—​his approach fit the experi-
mental results and thus was as real as it gets. Not only did Bohr redefine what reality
meant, he also sent the idea of causality to the dustbin. Now, his version of the state
of quantum effects was that one did not have to comprehend the nature of the atom,
we only had to measure it. Quantum phenomena now required an observer to provide
reality, and this observer provided the needed evidence to interpret the experiment.
And, it would be another decade before the proper quantum theories arrived; by then,
Bohr had cemented his philosophical view onto the quantum community, mostly
by a process a later physicist would refer to as “brain washing” (Gell-​Mann 1979).
12

12 Waves and Particles

As students and postdocs passed through Copenhagen, they were indoctrinated into
Bohr’s philosophical views.
In the early 1920s, Louis de Broglie (1923) developed an alternative to the wave
or particle picture. His inspiration was the experiments of Taylor mentioned above.
This led him to propose that the corpuscles of light were coupled to a non-​material
light wave of the appropriate frequency. He viewed the wave as guiding the particle
in the mode of a “pilot” wave. This was a wave and particle viewpoint, and would be
a major sticking point between the coming two groups working on the new quantum
theory. One camp would be led by Bohr, while the other would involve Einstein and
be based upon what would be called the wave theory. In 1925, we would get the first
version of the new quantum mechanics from the work of Heisenberg (1925). At the
time, Heisenberg was a postdoc in Copenhagen working with Bohr, but also with a
position in Göttingen with Born. His theory was one of kinematics, the mechanics of
moving bodies. In principle, he was dealing with measurable quantities, but his work
became known as matrix mechanics. Importantly, he developed the quantization of
the angular momentum through

∫ pdq = J = nh. (1.13)

He then pointed out that the derivative of this equation, with respect to the integer
n, would yield a value of the angular momentum defined by Planck’s constant h.
Importantly, as a disciple of Bohr, he wanted nothing to do with the wave picture
put forward by de Broglie, and firmly supported Bohr’s observer requirement for
reality. His colleague von Neumann (1932) would publish a textbook describing the
Heisenberg approach in terms of sets in a linear vector space and matrix mechanics,
which became highly read and cited. But Heisenberg’s kinematics remained some-
what obtuse and confusing to most scientists.
Following his initial work, de Broglie realized that his wave and particle approach
could also be applied to particles. And this meant that the particle wave had to have
a momentum associated with the accompanying wave. Einstein had already shown
that the photon had a momentum given in (1.3), which meant that the particle would
have a corresponding wavelength given by its momentum as

h
λ= , (1.14)
p

which arrives directly from (1.3) (de Broglie 1924). This important result provided
precisely that reason for Bohr’s angular momentum to be quantized. If the electrons
in the atom acted as waves, then it was important that the motion around the circum-
ference of the orbit was exactly a multiple of the wavelength, in order to fit the wave
function into the orbit. Now, there was a fundamental reason for Bohr’s results.
Only a short time later, it would be Erwin Schrödinger (1926) who would give us
the equation for the waves:
13

Waves and Particles 13

d ψ ( x, t ) 2 2
i =− ∇ ψ ( x, t ) + V ( x, t ) ψ ( x, t ) . (1.15)
dt 2m

It is clear that solution of this equation depends upon an initial condition, which
means that the wave function ψ evolves from this initial condition. In this, and in
de Broglie’s work, this evolution from the initial condition restores causality to the
mechanics. Hence, wave mechanics was unacceptable to the Bohr acolytes. With
causality and determinism, one does not depend upon the observer to establish
reality; reality exists whether the results are measured or not. Moreover, a great many
scientists were already familiar with waves, so that the Schrödinger approach would
be easy for them to understand and to use.

1.5 CONNECTION TO THE CLASSICAL WORLD

How does the new quantum mechanics connect to the classical world, which is our
world of Newtonian mechanics? If we are to believe the philosophy of Bohr, there
is no such connection. And, while we may think that the wave view of de Broglie
and Schrödinger has no such connection either, this would be wrong. In fact, in both
Heisenberg’s matrix approach and Schrödinger’s wave approach, there is a strong
connection to classical mechanics that runs throughout the theories. In this section,
we want to develop this connection further. Our approach is best developed with the
Hamiltonian mechanics, in which we can define the total energy as (we work in one
dimension for clarity, and consider the normal case where the energy is conserved
and therefore the total energy is not a function of time)

p2
E = T +V = + V ( x ). (1.16)
2m

That is, the total energy of a particle, or a system of particles if we sum over all the
particles, is given by the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy. The
potential energy V is the same as that appearing in the Schrödinger equation (1.15).
In this approach, the time rate of change of the position and momentum give rise to
Newton’s equations as

dx ∂H p
=v= =
dt ∂p m
. (1.17)
dp ∂H ∂V
=− =−
dt ∂x ∂x

The two variables x and p are known as a conjugate pair. These are our common
variables and will carry over to quantum mechanics, although our understanding of
them will change.
14

14 Waves and Particles

1.5.1 Position and Momentum

We begin by looking at how position and momentum are characterized in wave
mechanics. The wave function ψ(x,t) is a complex quantity, while the classical pos-
ition and momentum of the particle are real quantities. Moreover, the wave is a dis-
tributed quantity, while we expect the particle to be relatively localized in space. This
suggests that we relate the probability of finding the electron at a position x to the
square of the magnitude of the wave. Probability was relatively well known in clas-
sical physics although it was also new. It appears in statistical physics, which was
developed in the last half of the nineteenth century, most famously by Boltzmann.
In statistical physics, one dealt with probabilities; e.g., the probability of a particle’s
position when there was noise and uncertainty in a large ensemble of such par-
ticles. In this world, Newton’s law was extended to an ensemble, for which we use
Langevin’s equation (1908)

dp d ( mv ) mv
= =F− + R (t ) . (1.18)
dt dt τ

Here, the acceleration of a given particle is given by the applied force F (determined
from the potential) plus a random force R, and it was decelerated by collisions with
a mean time between collisions of τ. The random force has an average value of zero,
but it imparted a random motion characterized by the temperature, with the random
thermal velocity being given by

3kBT
vT = (1.19)
m

in three dimensions. To find the average acceleration, we summed over all the various
particles, say N of them, and

d v 1 v
= F− . (1.20)
dt m τ

The major point of statistical physics is that the N particles could be characterized by
a distribution function, such as the Maxwell-​Boltzmann distribution, itself character-
ized by a temperature T. This distribution would tell us the probability that a particle
existed at a given energy would vary as

 E 
exp  − . (1.21)
 kBT 

Thus, the concepts of probability and distribution functions and taking ensemble
averages were not new in classical physics. What was new in wave mechanics was
Another Random Scribd Document
with Unrelated Content
Summit Manuel T (Eleanor) factywkr 112262 E 14th Winslow S
(Marv) hlllo 11th Sottoro Helen Mrs h6S4 46th Sottung Wm J elk
SPCo Soubeldt Evangeline tailor Louis Wanderer r806 Jackson
Soubielle John 1 Josephine) milk 2412 Teleg ay. hafio 25th Soublet
Sidney A carp hl227 Foothill blvd Soucey Ronald D tchr U C r2412
Channing hl7C8 Capi line Souden Jas E (Annie) ato strano av B " Jas
M (Eleanor) hl044 59th Ray C (Dora) elk hS20 60th Souder Geo T
(Daisy) photog h534 North Herbt (Lucille) lab h2433 Spaulding av B
" Mary J (wid J J) h520 52d " Violet sten r520 52d Souderberg
Leopold h3530 Grove Sougey Ethel Mrs beauty shop 3612 Redwood
rd 1-2990 106th av " Geo E (Ethel M) emp PMBCo 1)299(1 l(ir,lh nig)
h2214 Buena Ismn SR&Co hl519 Koukiaslan Krlkor Vista av A
Soulages Alf E (I.ill SI Charles A " Mary (wid A) h2126 Prince B "
Roland (Frances) hl551 SI Charl Soulbark Lars r566 30th Souhl
Agnes 1)2223 E 24th lUle Arvilla (wid W TJ r5709 Nottingham dr
Beach C (Rebecca) slsmn r337 Hillside av Pied Chas W r5928 Hilton
D Irene Mrs rug elm- 2628 Poplar r2021 Melvin rd Dorothy Mrs
hlSOS Central av A 11 Edwin L (Ada) steel wkr h50 Alvarado ' Francis
J radio repr rl027% 47th 1 Fredk R (Ruth) proof rdr h6601 Deakin '
Jane O (wid Wm H) hl027l4 47th ' Kathryn sten r211S High 1 Lee
r50 Alvarado ct 1 Lucile assl librn OFL r50 Alvarado ct ' Mabel R (wid
W W) h.5928 Hilton ' May tchr r6421 Hillegass av ' May (wid Harry)
h211S High ' Nadine H waiter r592S Hilton 1 Paul H (Byrde L) h2120
Encinal av A ' Tha(cher W acct r2120 Encinal av A Souler Lucille M
Mrs hl609a Stuart B mles Edna M beauty opr r5986 Racine Guilford
H (Dagmar R) dentist 411 30th R415 rl 1 1 2 Cragmont av B Henry E
pntr li5!)8li Racine Soures John driver rl629 85th av rs Lulu A r4690
Tompkins av SOI SA. See also Souza 1 Albt J (Irene) stereo M524
Alcatraz av B ' Alf iSalvinal stevedore hl316 Peralta ' Anna Mrs hl234
35th av 1 Anna Mrs candymkr rolti Apgar " Anthony (Cath) h2909
Ellis B ■' Anthony (Frances) car inspr h2724 Pleas' Anthony (Jo
Anthony mfrs agt 1305 Franklin R303 Antone (Agnes) h907 Bancroft
way B Antone (Mary) 1U912 E 15th Ant, me 1 Roxie E) welder
1U424 65th av Antone P (Filamena) h3037 Acton B Antone P jr
(Alice) welder h3026 Acton B Armand A gas sta 2125 Milvia B r
Albany Arnaldo C R (Helena) supreme sec AP UMEC hlS21 E 15th
Arnold T elk rl351 107th av Aug S (Isabel) gro 1508 8th hl552 do
Caesar (Laura) lab I1I6OI 34th Cath Mrs hl515 Lincoln B Chas rl234
35th av Clem R printer Z S Sousa rlS02 SSth av Constance r732
Santa Ray av Danl (Audrey D) elk hl020 Bancroft way B Dolores cash
Chimes Coffee Shop Edmund W rl505 19th av Edw lab r2842 Abbey
Ernest (Lydia) carp h2124 107th av Eugenia (wid J R) h2S42 Abbey -
lific av A Frank F , Lillian Ml 112350 E 16th Frank J I Mary 1 h432S
San Pablo av Frank R elk 1-1515 Lincoln B Frank R I Ruth) printer
h4647 Reinhardl dr Gabriel F burner MDDCo 2205 Coolidge av Geo
(Evelyn) elk hll63 60th Harold W (Olga) driver hl603 Brush Harry lah
r2S42 Abbey Helen rlS21 E 15th Henry A (Mary H) cbtmkr r2116
261h av Henry C iSelma) artist h4611 Fairfax av Abbey Jo'h'n
(Carrie) lah hl257 (Marie) h979 55th ily) h!264 73d a John lah rl53S
23d John iRosei lab hl273 73d av John iRosal vulc h7115 Favor John
A 1-1316 Peralta J, ,hi, M 1 Louise SI deck hd h5427 Ruth av John Ft
(Hester M) (Standard Beverages) h570 The Alameda B John S
(Glenna) reprmn WECo h7101 Arthur Jos E (Margt) elk h24Sl
Havenscourt blvd Jos F (Reniel h4024 San Leandro Jos M rubberwkr
rl510 51st av Jos R (Amelia) supt So Bkly Sta Bkly PO h2140 Oregon
B .I,,s T I Anna) hl53S 94th av Jos T caretkr Okld Recreation Dept
1538 94th av Julia (wid Isadore) b3520 Hageman av Julius R (Helen)
(Cas(ro & Sousa) hl745 E 2:1,1 Lawrence w 1,1415 Willow A Louis
M5S1 Madison Louis (Rulh) elecln hl515 Pacific av A (Lucy) welder
GE&DDCo hl923 38th Louis N iiit, Cal Hldg Maintenance Lucj l- splner
CCMCo rl923 SSth Mae Mrs maid rl245 Berkeley wa> Co Manuel
h7729 Foothill blvd Manuel hl513 7th Manuel (Adeline) cannerywkr
hi 124 75th " Manuel C (Marie P) h3926 Ardley av " Manuel J
(Georgia) auto repr 3536 Peral h3532 do " Marion (wid Mi h2116
26(h av " Mary rl432 Walnut A " Mary fctywkr r3520 Hageman av "
Mary C Mrs hl200 Fountain A " Mary H sten rl53S 94th av " Philip
carp r672 13th fctywkr r352() Hageman av Thos hl351 107th Tony 1
Edith) lab h2241 Grove Vangelina Mrs elk hl422 9th Victor (Ruby)
1U473 9th " Wm (Ada) elk hl031 Cedar B " Wm F (Alice) gdnr hl43
Maitland dr A " Wm J fctywkr r9904 Walnut " Win L 1 Rose) emp
PTKTCo h4066 Santa Rita " Zosimo S (Angeline) printer 1146
Jefferson I1IS112 SSth av Souler Charlotte rr.lino Ayala av " John H
slsmn h560 Ayala av South Arethusa A tchr r2539 Durant av B "
Berkeley Community Church Rev T E Watt pastor 1S01 Fairview B "
Berkeley Hall 313S Grove B " Berkelev Masonic Temple 1S37 Alcatraz
av B " Clifford A h599 71h " Grace J (wid C W) 112539 Durant av B "
Howard K (Jean) elk h536 41st " Jas W gdnr r222d E 19th " Lydia
(wid Richd) 1,2220 E 19th " Rose A rl900 34th av Southall Stella
(wid Chas) rl019 Willow " Thos cook r790 8th Southam Jack r2015
San Antonio av A Southan Ethel r22()la San Antonio av A Southard
Chester A (Evelyn) hl782 Woodhaven wa h759 Keele Souther
Florence Mrs 1)1419 Grand A " Harold W (Arlene B) slsmn h6436
HarSoutherland Kenneth J 1 Ethel) h2629 Eagle av A Southern
Evelyn Ii25:l5 Hillegass av B " Inez A nurse hl525 Market " Jack
mech Okld Adding Mach & Typewriter Co r745 59th " Jessie Mrs
employment agcy 314 Hobart r Hayward " Lawrence E (Margt) slsmn
hl411 Ada B " Pacific Co (city ticket office) J A Cullen ticket agt 1240
Bway " pacific Co 'ticket office) 2137 Shattuck av " Pacific Co (dist
pass office) Gain, -It King genl pass agt 1240 Bway Pacific Co P P
Dougherty d dist frt office 436 14th RS22 Pacific Co freight stations
Fru and E 10th Park frt agt nale av nd Halleck ft " Pacific Co
passenger stations Fruitvale av and E 10th Park av and Halleck ft av
16th and Ward and Berkeley sta 700 Unit- av B " Pacific Co Hinemns
hdutrsl 331 2d " Tacific Co News Stand Agency G H Tucker l,t Mini-
464 7th " Pacific Foremen's Assn 610 nth " Vera maid rl2n Woodland
way Pied " Zack Ian EBTCo r Hayward Soiithgate Ceo E I Effie Hi
tailor 19;,1 Shatlui-k av B hi 922 Vine B " Sarah Mrs r2220 Milvia B
Southmayd Lucius L h2839 Parker av " S Martin I Bessie) ins 7931
Foothill blvd h2839 Parker av Southward V Ray I Genevi System
hl553 st Charl Southwell C Jas (Bernice) n Key h4207 " Farren elk
rl563 Pacific av A " Frank I. acel r2914 76th av " Wm B elk Key
System r San Leandro Southwestern Broom & Warehouse Co L
Gllberl mgr 1952 E 14th South wick Dorothy E slswn KDS rB2 V«
WATCH REPAIR CONVENIENT CREDIT • 1725 Broadway Tel TW
inoaks 0162 YOU CAN'T COVER THE WORLD with a Postage Stamp
nor can you cover the Buying Public without Proper Representation
in Your City Directory
The text on this page is estimated to be only 9.62%
accurate

Telephone TEmplebar 1-1-1-1 H.C.CAPWELLS OAKLAND'S

FINER STORE Broadway Twentieth Telegraph Zs u> SIIITIIHIIK "
Herman D (Lorang I.) clng compounds 1115 18th av h3931 Orand av
" Jos it iL'imii Cedar B " Laura Mrs h52 Vernon " Neil G iKuth A)
slsmn Hodgson's Brown Bill sin,,' sore 112040 Cedar B " Root W
(Barbara) artist U3840 Howe Southwortb Lesley Q ofc mgr Pac Nash
Motors Co r SF " Win I! (Bess LI lab h2440 8th av SOUZA, See also
Siuisa " A H 11747 64th " Able lab r2878 E 9th 11 A. lam (Julia) lab
h2742 E 8th » Adeline maid rioss Bella Vista av I i Blewn HCCCo
rl745 E 23d " Adeline P mach opr rl226 78th av " Adolpli P fndrywkr
Empire Foundry Co 11 All. i it lab rS58 Myrtle " Alex R lab h359
Myrtle Ml b 1100 Mera " Alf (Cecelia) whsmn rfi72i Trask " All
(Alberta) driver h9217 Cherry " All .1 (Rila M) plmbr bll22l'. Harmr "
Alice C elk 1-1173 (list " Andw (Grace) I1I442 soih av " Aiitbimy F
(Oakland Sewer Construction Co) r9915 Walnut " Anthony r404
willow •' Anthony ri7i9 e 15th " Anthony 3 an h 1 2 4 1; Ashhy av B "
Anil y (Agnes) whsmn b3016 E 12th » Anthony F jr (Park Inn Cafe)
r9916 Wal1 Antoinette emp CCMCo rl042 Kennedy " Antone h900
Folger av B " Anlone r2207 E 191b " Antone F (Mary) deckhd SPCo
h2236 E 25th " Antone (Mary) hl562 E 31st " Antone lab rl451 Sib A
" Antone lab r472 Hale av " Antone (Maryl wtchiiin litis 29th av "
Antone F (Mary) lab src.i lilr.OS 40th " Antone (l rl626 E 15th "
Antone M (Maryl hl278 79tli av " Antone M jan r2805 E 9th " Antone
N (Minniel lab b2704 E 22d " Antonio (Julia) h8026 Ru.ls.tale rl26 B
Flo Mr SOIZA " Frank b040 22d " Frank rl421 45(h av » Frank
(Minnie) hl012 C9th a " Frank (Candida) h940 86th 1 " Frank barlndr
rl225 Derby 1 " Frank Uulia) emp CCMCo h514 Taylor av A " Frank
fndvwkr (IMCorp r San Leandr " Frank lab r3443 Helen " Frank maeh
GMCorp r San Leandro " Frank ir " " Frank tl " Frank jr whsmn rS19
Union " Frank A (Minnie S) h792 19th 37th " Frank F (Margt)
(Oakland Sewer ConCo) (Park Inn Cafe) h9915 Frank J delmn r2776
E 8th " Franklin (Marion) fctywkr h2837 E Sth " Fred R shopmn C D
Bronson rl564 Bridge " Fredk rarmn SPCo r940 85th av " 11 -5H
Tnvlor av A " Geo (Rutin rll32 12th av " Geo (Angeline) chauf h788
8th " Geo lab rl451 8th A " Geo lab ha09 41st " Geo lab 1-940 85th
av " Geo whsmn r!929 E 22d " Geo C lab rlO:!20 Pippin " Geo G
(Anna) lah bS34 Portwood av " Geo L mach rl619 E 16th " Geo M lah
r2442 Foothill blvd " Geo W (Edna) whsmn rlS14 E 16th " Genrgina
Mrs i-200S Pacific av A " Georgina Mrs hl704 23d av " Gilbert P hr
mgr Safeway lilOOO 98th a Antonio M lab rl297 77th t Arnold T elk
hi 278 105th av Ar I. r Marguerite) elk I12433 sth B Arth F elk rS79
Stanford av A rib L (Merced) electn Pac Elec Motor Co b.8251 Nicol
av Aug blksmith hl041 44th av )"'■ - \ melia) iron wkr 119503 E Aug
.1 lah r2S8S Ford Aug (Mary) emp CCMCo h2127 34th av C A niillmn
PB-IPCo r2685 CSlh av Caesar a (Vivian) dep okid Poundmaster
h8648 Grove Carlos (Cussiei whsmn hlsco 3d Caro nviii Antone) h692
fioth Carolyn maid Mills college r San Lean''in in- r-2035 E 10th Chas
(Mary) lab h2117 E 21st Chas (Anita) mach Paraffine Co's h836 Chas
E carmn SPCo rl96S 83d av Chas E Ironwkr r2iu e sisl Chas it 1
Louise C.I 112710 79lb av Chas It mach our r514 Taylor av A 1
lonstancs r753 23d av Elvena) pitmn EBTCo h 0 Iby elk MW&Co othy
.1 elk MW.vCo r8628 Grove 1 mach opr rl437 40th av ininil emp Am
Crmry Co rl3B8 121b v (Mary) whsmn bl1l2 Myrtle y F i Evelyn) mldr
hr.16 Henry V X pro-asst cash BofA r792 19th 111..1- l< .Irsmkr
39:12 LlnWOOd n v llj Hiustrs r212(. 21st av is F (Emma Ml carp
112551 02d aV lall ids M Mrs fctywkr r33 Garden r tllne - -mrei
m.mk.-i est A (Marv FI1 ebtmkr h26S5 OSth a Elsie 1.) whsmn hl726
I6th nl.lr PIW r9219 Walnut e (wid Mariano) r735 23d rionos Pippin
H246 Ashby r614 23d Frank let!" Heinz n- r Fmilk (Curriel b519 Vv
Frank hl563 3d Frank r9M 1 111, Frank b2321 E 1711. " Harry r514
Taylo " Helen elk HCCCo rll32 12th : " Helen Mrs rl225 Derby av "
Ida Mrs h323 Henry " Isabel maid r2321 E 17th Isador (Rosline)
wool pulle av B " Jas fndy wkr r28S8 Ford " Jas (Geraldine) uphol
hl304 E 14th " Jennie (will Mlehll h2020 Linden Jess lab r4303 E 14th
Jess J fctywkr National Automotive I bres r Hayward Jesse (Julia)
carp hll09 69th av Jess R driver b4073 Teleg av Joaquin (Phebe) lab
rl337 2d B '* Joaquin (Josephine M) slsmn Farme Prod Corp M132
12(h av Joaquin jr driver rl132 18th av Joaquina (wid John) r2346 E
Uth " John (Maria) b2749 E 9th John rl725 15th John r!947 E 15th
John (Ludvina) hl929 E 22d John eliauf 1-518 7th John (Mary) crmry
wkr h5947 E 16th John grinder Am Manganese Steel Co San Lorenzo
John grinder rsCCo r San Leandro John lab rC31 Grove John (Marv)
lab h410il Mera John (Lillian) lab h2841 E Sth John lab rC,37 9th
John (Conneleso) lab h2S7S E 9lb John (Virginia) lah hl904 E 21st
John (Theodora) lab bl42S 99th av John (Dora) lah 1U428 99th av
John lab LAYSAVyTCo r San Leandro John (May L) mariner SPCo
blinx Lake Shore av John (Mary) plpeftr b2311 Webster B John
whsmn r2345 E 16th John A (Harriet) glass wkr hl20S 96th av John
A lab rl316 Peralta John B (Lucille) fctywkr h9327 E John D
(Ludnvlna) lab b2624 Adeline John E boii-js Grove John E (Theresa)
trucker SPCo hlSlO Belvedere av B John F (Marie) frtvwkr hi 239
Campbell John f (Tolanda) slsmn Cochran ft colli h5400 Brookdale av
John G (Minnie) steelwkr h20l9 ISth av John G (Rerniee) lnh h2362
SStb nv John H (Ida) lab h915f Chestnut John J r2024 Adeline John
J (Gladys Ml hlS23 Blake B .1-1. n J (Limn. F) 1.3253 Deering " John
J grinder GMCorp r San 1 John M deckhd SPCo John R (Lucy R)
V.2219 E 20th John V trucker SPCo " Jos (Rose) h2775 E 8th 11 Jos
1-2741 E 9th " Jos (Minnie) h2339 E 17th " Jos h2245 E 23d " Jos
(Mary) driver hlSOO 103d av " Jos fctywkr r2321 E 17th " Jos hlpr
GMCorp r Hayward " Jos iron wkr PIW r San Leandro " Jos Urinal jan
h33 Garden rd A " Jos (Caroline) lab h3443 Helen " Jos (Irene) lab
h2822 Wallace B " Jos lah r2805 E 9th " Jos (Edna) lab hl731 37th
av " Jos mach MDDCo hl950 21st av " Jos (Flora) mach Paraffine
Co's h984 53d " Jos (Theresa) millwkr Oakland Lbr COi h7216 Orral "
Jos wiper SPCo " Jos A (Charlotte ) bl451 Sib A " Jos A (Maryl lab
I1S119 31st " Jos A (Tbelmal mach r950 54th av " Jos A (Mary)
shtmtlwkr bl214 91st av " Jos C (Ida) driver h590 40th " Jos D
(Virginia) seanin rl518 19th av 11 Jos E (Mary) driver hl425 48th av "
Jos E (Muriel) mech Pac Coast Aggre gates h2257 38th av " Jos F
(Violet I blrmkr SPCo h974 63d " Jos G elk rl340 94th av " Jos J
(Effiel bartndr h7207 Weld " Jos M (Madeline) millmn h3331 E 8th "
Jos R (Marie) gdnr h3050 22d av " Jos R (Audrey) welder MDDCo
h2479' 68th av EKWLCo h2738 7th Larry meeh MMCo r3351 Bway
Laura eannerywkr rll09 69th av Leonard crmry wkr 1-4050 Market
Lloyd F (Doris) ydmn ML&SCo rl435 37th Loretta elk r447 Rich
Lorraine rl425 48th av Louis A (Rose) lah h3730 Brookdale av Louis
V (Rose R) lab hB122 Hilton Louisa (wid Luciano) r!719 E 15th "
Lucy poultry wkr r2219 E 20th Lu.levenn M restr 2405 Adeline
Mamie K (wi.l F J) hS79 Stanford av Manuel (Emelial h405O Market
Manuel 11:14:17 Sunnyslde Manuel r2805 E 9th " Manuel carp r2947
E 7th Manuel (Mary) clo clnr 7419Vi Hillside Manuel (Marion) driver
hl564 Bridge av Manuel emp CWCCorp r San Leandro Manuel emp
Cal Ink Co (-1127 Xoi-thsi.le av B Manuel (Bellei lab b94ll Eagle av A
Manuel lab rl569 3d Manuel lab rl451 Sth A Manuel lab r574 17th "
Manuel (Helen) lab hl720 E 21st Manuel mach 1'IW 1)2971 Georgia
Manuel (Theresa) mach hl035 45th av Manuel meeh Vitab Corp r
San Pablo Manuel C (Isabel) tctywkr h2630 22d Manuel C (Belmedal
lab Okbl Streei Dept hi i::7 Hill, av Manuel D (Anna) mach IU977
Harringtn Manuel G f.-ivwkr 1-7:.:! 88rl al Manuel G (Laura) lab SPCo
hS31 Lisbon a Manuel L (Anna) inspr SPCo h3932 LlnM.11 1 M
(I.nev) h*581 E 11th Manuel P (Margt) Indywkr hl316 E 15th Manuel
S (Virginia) fctywkr h2552 Foot. hill blvd Margt R elk r692 60th
Marian (wid Jos) hi 629 47th av Marianna Mrs rl225 Derby av Marie
rl425 48th av Marie Mrs cash Carol Wills r3050 22d av Marie I wid
Wm ) h2947 E 7th Mary cutler CCMCo r San Leandro Mary maeh oor
r3520 Hageman av Mary emp CCMCo r2127 34th av Marv (wid M C)
h5721 Trask Marv A iwid Josl h1340 9 Kb :il Marv M Mrs Willi Kath R
Good hr,:ill Princeton Mary R (wid J Rl h2207 E 19th Matilda rll)2S
Hollywood nv Mav emp CCMCo r"1l7 E 21st May I. prlv see EBTCo
rlISS Lake Shore Mav R elk r692 60th Melvln (Dorothy) shtmtlwkr
1|1130 Derby B MIehl A millwkr Paraffine Co's r344» Helen Mildred F
beauty opr r0915 Lockwood Minnie P emp PMBCn r4337 Salem
Nettle elk MWftCn r2030 Solano way Xeltie Mrs rl0727 Rreed av
Nicolas O (Mary) h2f.35 E loth
The text on this page is estimated to be only 13.44%
accurate

DAY AND NIGHT SERVICE CAPORGNO & CO., MORTUARY

Established March 1st. 1907 29 Crove, Corner 18th Street,
OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA Phone Hlgate 0240 SOI ZA I Norman J
(Emily) raertl GMCorp hl032» Pippin Norman J jr lab rl0320 Pippin
Pearl fetywkr r2126 21st av R A mach UIW rl041 44th av Ray driver
rll32 12th av Raymond r2741 E 9th Raymond A (Adeline H) mach
opr h3015 Filbert Raymond C (Ellen) driver rll32 12th av Rita L mach
opr r6226 Harmon av Robt elk r3331 E 8th Roland lab h rear 1123
65th Ronald A hll23 65th Roy lab r3730 Brookdale av Salvina r2635 E
10th Saml h2SSS Ford Saml (Alvina) formn SPCo h3825 38th av
Saml T cannerywkr rl963 83d av Sidney do prer Julius Sherman
Stanford M (Mary) elk hl947 E 15th Thelma fetywkr rl704 23d av
Theo heater .MDDCo rl(l42 Kennedy Theo G mach opr r3520
Hageman av Thos J (Geraldine) mldr USLBCorp r3566 Tony h8322
Blaine Tony ear inspr SPCo hS54 McElrov Tony emp CCMCo rl012
Kennedy Tony (Mary) fetywkr hl260 Burnett B Tony hlpr Bkly
Garbage Dept r907 Bancroft way B Tony (Virginia I lab ll2S05 E 9th
Tony lAnna) lab lilKGG 14th Tony A firemn SPCo Tony G (Cora C) lab
h2737 E 9th Vasco (Georgina) roofer h825 Portwood Victor 1-1128
99th av Victor G (Erma L) h753 23d av Victor M ironwkr rl473 9th
Virginia wrapper r2S05 E 9th Virginio (Mary) lab hl327 Garrison B
Vivian pkr r364S Grove Walter A lab rS025 Rurlsrlale Walter A
whsmn r2127 34th av Wm (Evelyn) lab hl40fi E 15th Wm mech
h2126 21st av Wm (Violet) millmn h2113 E 19th Wm (Mary) prod
mgr Okld Whol Gro Co h783 Calmar av Wm A (Mary) mech hG915
Lockwood Wm D E (Helen) driver hl71 11th Wm F mill wkr Paraffine
Co's r5990 Racine Wm J (Lake View Mkt) rll)45 45th av Wm J lab
LATS&WCo r Hay ward Wm J (Emma) plmbr 1421 4 5th av Wilma 1.
elk r747 54th lovereign Clinton printer r612 35th Kenneth A elk SPOo
r4722 Market Lemuel E (Inez) blrmkr SPCo h4722 Market Soverne
Jacob stmftr r2463 62d av Sovich Steph paint mkr r2035 Channing
way B Sovick Bernard (Anna) seamn b832 Neilson av B Sovil Jewel
Mrs hS69 25th Sovio Louis (Maria) h624 46th Soward Clifford R
(Frances W) pntr h2552 65th av I Earl D h2654 34th av I Henry H
(Mary) mech hl82G Ward B " Leslie elk r445 38th ■ True dental asst
r2552 55th av Sowden Mary V Mrs elk r940 Euclid av B Sender Jos E
pipeflr SPCo Sowell Dora L tchr Pub Sell r29r,(l Piedmont av B I J
Ernest (Josephine) (Ernie's Express' hl287 Berkeley way B " John A
(Mirgie) hl712 Franeisco B I Lucien N (Bertha) carp hl712a Francisco
B I Myra R rl05 Woodmere way B " Rnht E porter h3037 Dohr B
Sowers Delhert L (Mabel C) emp EPCorp hl524 20th av " John A dept
B Okld CofC " Len F trnlnnm SPCo " Leroy r!524 20(h av I Lorraine
cln prsr r320 Ha " Lyle lab r1524 20th av " Stanley L (Vivian) furn 1
dale Sin E MW&Co rC12S Hillegass Walter E milium h3766 Loma
Vista av Sowershy Marjorie I compt opr KDS r.lisn " Robl (Bella )
earn h3136 Arkansas Sowerskv Wm M (Eleanor) elk b3312
WilBtrwerwlne Maurice fetywkr r1030 56(h Sowick Helmar H slsmn
r391S lltll nv Rowle Howard w (Hazel) h!439 R6th av Sowles Esiher P
Iwid A J) h545 Arlington Sozin John J (Irene I eblmkr h927 63d
Spaan Ethel E Mrs r351 Santa Clara av " Harry C (Sophie) with
Safeway h351 Santa Clara av " Harry C jr r351 Santa Clara av :y J
(Nealia) pntr h4008 Quigley Spack Stanley (Marie) whsmn h357fi
Harper Spackman Fred hl205 Benton A (Dorothy) mech Hoyt Heater
Co b.1021 Doris ct A " Wendell R archt r2577 Rose B Spada Ernest
(Elma) lab hl216 Carlton B " Jos cranemn r898 42d Spadavecchia
Albt mach SPCo rl707 Eagle A " Corra [ppolita) fishermn hl707 Eagle
av A " Michl (T.etal truekmn SPCo hl701 Grand A Spade Clara L (wid
Hiram) h442 26th " John elk r2417 Haste B Spadoni Albt W (Elsie)
meat ctr b.442 Pa" Amerieo (Naomi) elk h454 Haight av A " Enrico
carp r43S Pacific av A " Guido (Ani(a) porter HCCCo h438 Pacific av
A " Peter (Isabelle) hl233 8th av " Wm sta null r43S Purine av A
Spadt Henry (Amelia) h2724 76th av Spady Abr lab Port of Okld rl3Sl
9th " Charlotte h2431 Myrtle " Harold E (Emma) pntr h5969 Laird av
" Roland R (Beulah) pntr h7007 Halliday " Roy J (Hazel) glass wkr
hl446 76th av Spaens Henry J hair drsr HCCCo r6S7 15th Spaeth
Gustav C h559 G6th " Reuben L (Emilie) (chr Ala Pub Sch h 1718
Alameda av A Spafford Burton L (Helen) driver h455 Lln" Melvin E
elk Okld PO rl63! 41st av Spngnnletti Anna Mrs r834 36th av " Lena
tel opr r834 36th av " Wm B barber 4628 E 14th hS34 36th av
Spagnoli Urbano G (M Ellen) drugs 3600 Redwood rd h5tS Fairbanks
av Spagnuolo Jos L (Evone) driver h721 Kirkham " Manuel driver
r721 Kirkham " Philip r721 Kirkham " Yvonne emp West Coast Soap
Co r721 Kirkman Spahn Ella M Mrs maid r3414 Guido " Chas R
(Logan) spl ins agt 436 14th RS13 h4640 Dolores av " Thos T
fetywkr r4640 Dolores av " Wm T wtchmn r4640 Dolores av Spaich
Milo G h2634a College av B Spain Velda L (wid Wm) mgr Claremom
Apts h5844 College av Spainhour John C (Jewelle) mach h609 E
10th Spainhower Chas S carp rl407 San Pablo av B " Ralph A (Carrie)
carp hi 407 San Pablo av B " Ralph D rl407 San Pablo av B Spalte
Bert R (Algie) dentist 3950 Bway h383S La Cresta av " Chas G
dentist 3950 Bway r El Cerrito " Chas J (Alice) pntr h52S7 Locksley
av Spalasso Antone (Rose) window clnr h585 47th SPALDING. See
also Spauldinir SPALDING A G & BROS. Kenneth E Robie Mgr,
Athletic Goods. 1743 Franklin, Tel Highgate 03S1 Danl W (Alice)
Ii2nl2 Pacific Els HCCCo hl400 Central BurHenry S mgr The eau r San
Leandro J Paul (Cath) slsmn Cohbledick-Kibbe Glass Co h3690
Delmont av John E (Anna) plstr h4963 Desmond John S rl721
Lincoln B M Hill (Myrtle El mech h7G01 Holly Mabel C (wid M C)
r33S4 64th av Nellie E 11217 S2d av Neva r0653 Foothill blvd
Pamela M slswn HCCCo rl57 Frisbie SPALDING SALES
CORPORATION. Sporting Goods. Main Office 575 Mission. Sun
Francisco. Tel Sutter (Kill. !rM\ Telegraph Av. Berkeley. Tel Berkeley
1)32!) " Wm (Anaslasia I ;ii;( N Y Life Ins Co hl721 Lincoln B
Spallnger Carl F driver rl734 Blake R " Edwin A (Vernal radio opr
hl349 96th av Siiallin.. Alphonso h2133 Carlton B Spalt Edilli slen
r.r,47 Pacific av A " Phdip J (Margl) eleOn h547 Pacific av Spaltaholz
Helmut G (Cineta) cook HCCCo h2175 Santa Rita " Gertrude Mrs
h2049 Central av A 11 W Geo (Mabel El eng hl808 Alameda av A
Spalty Otta I Mrs r47 Farragut av Pied Spamer Chas H (Elsie L)
h6G81 Bran Span Benedict D r2145 Ward B " John E carp r2145
Ward B " Mary E Mrs h2146 Ward B Spandau Forrest W (Josephine)
teller Am Tr Co h3SS7 Madrone av Spang Frank H Venetian blinds
115 Bway - e) eleetn h3887 Coolangard Alf T idge " Marion V sten
r412C Emerald " Rose elk MW&Co r38S7 Coolidge av " Thos L (Eline)
carp b4126 Emerald Spangenberg Geo W (Margt M) elk h2126f 62d
av " Rudolph (Nelliel blksmith 3035 Brook h 363 Oakland av
Spanggord Jesse A (May A) (S B L Spanggord & Col hl532 Everett av
" Kath elk rl416 27th av " S B L & Co (S B I, and J A Spanggord)
Marshall 1 " Bert L (Jean) elk 1U0S4 241h " Cath L h461c Central av
A " Colin I reporter Okld Tribune r SP " Cyril C (Cath) pntr I16OO
Haight av A " Dudley S (Clara) driver hllOG Park av A " Frank (Helen)
pn(r hl301 S2d av " John B (Clara A) elec contr 2IS9 Shaltuck av B
h2993 do " Jos A elk r2243 11th av " Jos A (Bessie R) ins agt h464
41st " Lawrence (Lillian) elk Okld Bd of Educ h3945 Randolph av "
Lloyd (I Mav) carp h4029 E 15th " Lulu tchr Pub Sch r437 Perry "
Wm L (Laura E) sole h2243 11th av Spangling Harry lab r574 8th
Spaniol Ray J whs mgr J F Temkin r634 15th " Wm P (Maude) barber
5938 San Pablo av h5934'.. do Spanisli American .Mission 699 6th "
War Auxiliary No 72 (USWV) 2714 Hav1) fishermn 112216 Spann
Lee E shoe shiner 1603 Franklin " Louis (Bessie) h6445 Essex " Richd
E (Dorothy) firemn hl709 Bay A " Wm E (EGiel H) hl432 Walnut A
Spannagel Eherhard rl233 Derbv B Spannaus Ruben tchr Calif
Concordia College r6316 Brann Spano Saml N mach MDDCo h7015
Outlook Spanoletti John 1H721 41st Spa Ale -JI'C, Spansel Malvern E
carrier Bkly PO hl707 Grove B Spanski Lawrence L (Serene) hl420
87th av hl718 5th av Sparacio Jos (Lucille) furn fnshr Hale Bros
hl71S 5th av Sparber Louis H (Marion) real est 1540 San Pablo av
RS06 hl331 Grand av Pied Spaie C M h7932 Winthrope " Edwin G
(Alice) h33fi Euclid av " H Irving (Edna l.l denlisl 1701 Euclid av B
r25O0 Virginia B Spargo John P mail hn.llr SPCo h701S HalliProctor
av Spark Leo C music tchr 148 Pracena av Pied " Marian J rl48
Dracena av Pied " Morgan W (Ettal pntr hl620 Hopkins B " Thos
(Harriet) rani 1.5 705 E 17th " Wm A (Eleanor) 112032 Cedar B
Sparkman Victor C (Louise) driver 1>2342 641h av Sparks Allen S
(Sarah F) h3021 66th av " Benton H r1219 Pink A " Bert elk John
Glaysher " Bertha I, (wid J HI rl506 9th " Carl E (Bertha) pntr h3327
Over " (has K 112115 San Pablo av " Clara M (wid E P) bSOfi
Mandana blvd " Clare M slswn Sather Gate Book Shop r806 Mandana
hlvd " Edith Mrs rlS24 Grove " Edw h6559 Farallon " Floyd L (BpIIVI
slsmn hllGO Fredk M (Sarah J 1 h2512 Hillegass Geo hdw 2488 Teleg
av B r Lafavet Hale S' (Evelyn I.) radio administ I'C heSliO Contra
Costa rd Hiram (Ethel) nnlr MK44 Oxford B Jacob S (Badus) mach
h5319 E Sth GREGG c o L L E C T I O N SERVICE Our Efficiency Is
Well Established 303-4 Syndicate Building 14 4 0 Broadway Oakland,
Calif. TE mplebar 4 4 2 4 Consult the Classified Business Directory
FOR ANYTHING YOU WISH TO BUY The Most Complete CLASSIFIED
Lists IN THE CITY ARE THESE IN THIS Directory
The text on this page is estimated to be only 10.84%
accurate

Mountain View Memorial Park Cemetery Mausoleum

Columbarium Crematorium XChapels * Established 18 6 3 Perpetual
Care Funds Exceed One and One Half Million Dollars -x 5000
Piedmont Avenue OAKLAND CALIF. Tel. PI cdmont 2588 FARMERS &
MERCHANTS SAVINGS BANK Franklin at Thirteenth Street A
SAVINGS BANK OF STRENGTH AND CHARACTER MEMBER FEDERAL
DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION as II (Pi Fail view Safeway
b.666 h!017 BBTCo bl'.'l 63d k v B ii 1 "■-' Key Systi 8 'hi, at Monte
11' lolei , hi::i_ Lake sh \,,i man lab r2717 Myrtle Norman (Mabel K)
pntr r015 Market at.U hl635 E 33d Meadow florist Angelo Gait,, 1 I s
17 Francis' K" Ma blvd aid Q imp Edw Miller 1 Etichm 1 T S rl9S0
Bway Vivian B iwiil G Wi h445 siaten av Waldo P (Bather) engnm
SPCo b.8070 1 15th Walter T linemn SPCo r3H21 56th av Win K
(Mary SI real esl 1435 Harris,, h28S7 do slsmn Henry ft Blechoft
■1731 Pn • Mi. 1; G Spe Si ns Arlh elk r3Sl Belmont " Aith T (
Harriettel v-pres Jamieson Towte Willoughby Corp h2340 Le Conte
av B " Clara I Mrs r381 Belmont " lu.ri.lhy E slen .lamieson Towle
Willoughl,y Corp r381 Relmont " Fred oik EBTCo r437 Perkins "
Harrietle N Mrs elk DC r2310 LeConte av B " W Albl h381 Belmont "
Wm A (Evelyn S) hl238 Sunny Hills id Sparman Hattie J (wid A A)
(Golden Gate Basket Factory) litmi; 56th " Rioli.l R (Hazel) roofer i-
347'.l Woodruff av Sparovtch Geo (Adelel restr 2511 Adeline Sparr
Oreste (Anna) musician h9885 Stearns " Sylvia E rlissr, Stearns av "
Virginia A rSSSa Stearns av Sparrow A Earl inach lllpr 1-3312 Viola ?
laide C I wid Anthony) smstrs hl829 Sl'AI l.DIXG Laura E hl580
Madison Lizzie (wid T Kl rllil2 Carlton B Mabel il ' wid .1 W) h368
60th Manfred K books 2186 Bancroft way B Marti L Mrs ti221fi
Carlton B XI ' elk HCCCo 1-2019 Channing way 1 Maurice
(Genevieie) COOk li.,133a West Milton E (Inez Cl ins agt h421 Lee
Percy W 'Mabel) bldg contr 1511 tlnio rington av Stella Mrs rir,35
Walnut B Wilbur J elk MW&Co (-21112 Harringto Win C rlfli:
Glenwoo.l Glade 1 Wm H (Jean) chem eng hlS24 Arch ipault Edith A
sten Tlmes-St; Publ Co ) drflsnin h593S Pacili' Spaw Steven E (Laur
Spayd Mary tchr Pub Sell r San Leand F (Oral roach h.272" Bssl
Speakes Robt carp Speakman Ada L (v rie C (will M HI n 1-2538
95th av n F I Anna I h781 sley P lab SPCo A F) mini bills E ■2438
Woolsey B l Hillside av Pied resirwkr r2228 Bonar B i Frances) B2906
San Jose i Km b.820 62d r25ill Haste B Frances A slen rlll'll) Win A I
will Fred) 1)1090 Win Speelman Ashley N li3077 Florida SI'KER. See
also Speur and Spier " Carl F (Georgia I.) slsmn bl645 72d av " Clyde
I (Charlotte) mgr Zenith Mill & l,i,r Co hi (26 Gibbons dr A " Eleanure
Mrs b422.'! Montgy " Geo C elk r6507 Valley View id " Geo P (Olive)
formn EBMUD r308 Coventry rd B SPKEK .IOIIN WM (Mildred) Pro
Asst Cashier Berkeley Brunch Ititiik of America Natl Trust A- Savings
Assn. h557 San tuls Road. Berkeley " Kenneth (Audiel blind 2,1 av "
Kenneth I (Audrey) elk hl029 Versailles Nortl Paul E (Ele ibiirial A tv B
a 22,1 rib (Selina) hl326 E rib J (Bertha) insp 3d EBMUD h3312 s R 1
Maude) tires 3050 E 12th hl624 neila av A A H.rnthv E) cementwkr
h2417 John E lEdn C Gordo (Nellie) Tin B LI sb r909 Contr i Costa
1)909 Cmti , Costa ra Costa av B mn h2800 Hillegass 2800 Teleg av
B r " Virginia I- Mrs drug; 2800 Hillegass av B SPAKVKR E CHESTER
(Ruth C) General Agent New England Mutual Life Insurance Co.
111)11 Insurance Bldg, 1404 Franklin. Tel Ton.plebar (1475. h.515
Park Way. Piedmont. Tel Humboldt 8550 Siiaiuasser ('has (L Frances)
pntr hl'80 31st Spaies it, ,bi (Gertrude) lab hlfiiil 13th Spath Carl lis
mgr Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternily h2722 Bancroft way B Spa i I" -
Paul il03 Bway Spats ''lias K (Miriam) slsmn h:1234 MorSpalz Li-lau.l
R (Lillian I h2126b 62d av " N---IM.- Mrs .1,, prsr r!l72 Peralta av B ■
II,, M Mrs ,1k Ernest KoutZ r Albany " Norma beauty opr rl912
Hearst ay B " I'l'li.l X- meats 3701 E 14th r3;,:tl Morcom " Wm G ir I
Marion F) linoleum Ivr h3436 Klngsland av " Wn, .1 (Sally) driver li 4
51 1 Virginia av Sl'AI MllMt. Sec uIhii Spnldlng 11 Bryan J (Sally) pntr
SPCo h2883 3Sth av Dale (Jean) carp hlOU Glenwood Glade " i 'lias
I. iMargl) carrier Okld PO h2916 ks Connie r735 3lith SPEAR. See
also Spier " Barbara 1-71S Contra Costa av B " C Lee i Henrietta)
1)312 Blair av Piei " Edwin (Geraldine) primer h7S0 17th " Fred A ins
1404 Franklin R724 " Geraldine waiter Hale Bros r780 17th " Harry A
(Madeline) slsmn b.2243 Stual " Jennie Mrs rl501 Fernside blvd A "
Micbl I Minnie) flagmn SPCo bl391 Stb " Norman P (Irene) (Spear ft
Danielson) hl220 Peralta B " Richd J i Isabel I hlll28 E 17th " Riiv 1)
ili-l'tsmn HAGCo r San Leandro Tiliie (wid C H) hl720 Spruce B &
Danielson (N P Spear D C Danielson) accts 15411 San Pablo av R404
Speares Myrle G Mrs mgr Alta Vista Arts t-441 Merritt av Willaid E
(Mvrle G) h441 Merritt av SPEARS. See also Speers and Spiers "
Arleigh J (Viola L) h3127 Rawson 11 Carrie D (wid Chas) h6120
Racine " Clifton M r299 Santa Clara av " Ernest driver rl069 «2d "
Fannie Mrs rliola Estates dr " Genevieve H dom h907 24th " Harold D
(Laura) slsmn h3771 Piedmont " Harry (Ednal pntr h076 35th " Jack
hl616 35th av " Janet r32a Rio Vista av " John rlll7 Castro " John L
h32a Ri " John Q (Etta IK Victor av " Lillian M musician 1-907 24th
11 Ruby Mrs hr mgr Safeway " Ted (Dolores) gas sta 1151 Hopkins
h2821 Brookdale av " -Wells Machinery Co lnc I M Wells pros Ward
Wells v-pres C B Myers sec-treas 1830 9th " Wm H (Eunice) sta aldt
h3749 Emerson Speas Margt Mrs h(!29 Hohart " iT.'i Central av A
Edw h b2«i Monte visia ai Edw H jr elk r261 Monte Vista av Edw T
slsmn Liggett
The text on this page is estimated to be only 13.28%
accurate

B (He (Mar eng hl309 Parker n h29S3 Johnson A Jas R

(Bessie! h207 E 12th Lida (wid Robt) C S pract b.1627 62d B Marion
h2252 San Pablo av Marjory Mrs h4022 Patterson av Rachel Mrs 1-
2624 Calhoun A Richd M (Ella P) eng h6416 Dana Robt (Alice W) h24
Olive av Pied Robt E (Allendale Mktl r2033 41st av Robt H staty 23S7
Teleg av B r233S do Roberta L beauty opr r2 4 Olive av Pie Ronald
r2252 San Pablo av Sara (wid J W) hl453 Henry B Willard jan h456
40th Wm I (Blanche M) printer Paraft'ine Co's h9S51i Elmer av
Wilma r2119 Addison B pencer Addie Mrs r2S44 School Allison W
(Birdiel b4S2 Hawthorne a Alwin F (Nellie M) jwlr 436 14th R715
h3829 Randolph av Anita Mrs rl929 Berkeley way B Ann A Mrs mgr
Casa Valencia Apts h3C0(l 13th av Apartments 2715 Channing way B
Apartments 3S17 Grove Arabelle Mrs hS77 Isabella Arth (Leonilda)
carp h2741a Fulton B Arlh H tkt elk SPCo hlSOti 94th av Arth H wiper
SPCo rSOO 37th Barbara rl60ti 94th av Beatrice maid r3(Kl Scenic av
Pied Blake W (Ruth I tchr Pub Seh h4 SPENCER rbt (Alice) elk SPCo
h7405 Weld rbt W (Nettie) hll69 Holman rd i (wid C Hi r2281 E 20th
>pr USDA r2505 D« Cordova Apts hS2 Alamo av B Emma H Mr
Cleveland Eric O (Vera CI eng hl775 Casterlin Ernest L b44S Foothill
blvd Ethel rl835 Alameda av A Eug (Grace) h621 23d Helen T Mrs rl9
IS vay B bella (v W) hl411 9th Jennings C (Freda M) supvr ABE
h2310 n (Mildred) hl582 Euclid av B n E (Mary) lab Il629 18th H
(Charlotte) shtmtlwkr h226 leda av A Ala " Jos L h2924 Florence B "
Josephine (wid W HI h652 54th " Julia E (wid H W) h4174 Howe "
Julie ftr KDS r702 E 22d " June rSS2 Cleveland " Kate (wid Geo)
h3100 Benvenue av B " Kathleen M beauty opr r2S15 Van Buren A "
Kenneth H elk Okld PO rl546 Alice " Laura artist rlf.ll Stanton A " Lee
A (Doris K) mech r4046 Forest Hill " Lee W (Charlotlie) h7227
Hallidav av " Leslie H billiards 2108 Berkeley wav B " Loretta (wid P
L) rl606 94th av " Lorraine E sten r2310 Clinton av A " Louis (Hattie)
h9 Eton ct B SPENCER LOUIS (Rose) (Spenrer Collection Service)
liKdfi Kosenmnnt Road " Louis B (Lucille) pntr hl814 Cedar B " Louis
E (Ruby) gas 700 7th hl020 UOCo h2520 ft Carl H (Elma E) printei
h4627 Brookdale av Chas h0S7 18th Chas A elk h5726 Claremor
Chas E h877 Isabella Chas H formn SPCo Chas W (Lillian) dockmn
Charlotte rl82S Rosedale a Clarence A (Juanita A) sis 62d av Claude
lab r3325 Viola Claude V (Edith) asst cash BofA Ii218! Rosedale av
SPENCER COLLECTION SERVICE (Loni! Spencer) Collections, Credit
Reports and Adjustments. Licensed by and Bonded to the State of
California. Entire 4th Floor Income Securities Rldg. 3«4 14th Tel
Highgate 2122 (For further inform ation see page 16 Buyers' Guide)
Coomer h624 Hobart Corrine r750 Warfield av Doris H music tchr
r4627 Brookdale av Douglas A (Margt M) slsmn h3021 Fair view av A
Durward A (Mvrtle) h2737 77th av E Fred slsmn hS86c 53d Edw
rl026 10th Edw C (Titian) bus opr EBTCo hS6S 54t> Edwin (Emma)
hl709 Channing way I Eldon L rl020 63d Eliz C Mrs int dec R W
Forman n75l "Warfield av Ellen J (wid J Nl h633 55th Ellen L Mrs r9
Sea View av Pled Emerson L (Henrietta H) reporter h47 Louis L (H
attie) slsmn h9 Eton ct 1 Louis t set vmn HCCCo r2407 68th a I. Ol]
is. M v, ailer h683 66th Mabel (Sp. ncer & Stolte) hl835 Al Ma del !24
Hobart Madel ne Mrs compt opr EBMUD Kingsley Maleo 1 I c k SPCo
Margt r840 York ?r r5200 Lawto Margt elk J F Hink & Son Mabel B
Marie :chr Pub Sch r SF Marv wid G S) r870 20th Ma 1745 Maurice
(Gertrude) garagemn h4814 Allendale av Mildred Mrs smstrs hioll
Stanton A Murray reslr 307 E ISth rlS2S Rosedale Nancie r2254 San
Jose av A Nathaniel lab r796 9th O H hl942 ttniv av B Orfy C (Eliz)
mach h2111« 8th B Paul A rl449 3d av Perry M (Hazel) slsmn hl430
Acton B Ralph G (Alta B) real est 4130 Bwai I103.-1: Ray ctr Snf.-u.i
v hl077 57th Richd L (Ardyl) opr EBTCo rl631 6th av Robt fctvwkr
rl611 Stanton A Rnbl E (Dolores) elk hl708 Francisco B Robt M
(Madeline! slsmn h3532 Kingsley Rov E (Annie) elev opr li438 61st
Ruben (Marv A) h2S15 San Pablo av B Saml E (Anita Ml mech eng
h2815 Van She (Kathryn) fir OFD h3058 Okld PO h300 E 19th Fay L
rl375 Acton B Frank P (Alice) Indvwkr hl520 67th av Frank S sis mgr
BV&SCo rS94 30th Fred (Ethel) hl828 Rosedale av Fred E (Dolores)
whsmn h6616 Sunnymere Fredk E (Ada) elk SR&Co h4046 Forest Hill
av Gardner A B (Edna) hl324 Weber A Geo B busmn MWtCo r4010
Brown av Geo F emp S F Examiner rlS2S Rosedale Geo K (Ann L)
writer h2906 Wheeler B Gen O (Grace A) h4309 Park blvd Gertrude
Mrs tchr Pub Sch r4814 Allendale av Glenn H (Ethel A) lawyer 1419
Bway R310 h4125 Park blvd ' Halcyon tchr Pub Sch r600 41st Harriet
E (wid L A) h557 Mira Vista av Harrv (Rena) eleetn h2623 Grove
■PENCER HARRY XV (Hazel P.) (Spencer & Company) Sec Athens
Athletic Chill h279 Wayne Av Steph (Nellie) lab h546 Union T Boyd
slsmn E C Ferguson h645 52d Terry Mrs smstrs hl274 8th Thos elk
Sontag Drug Stores Tlins E carp r236S ssth av Varian E (Addie E)
h600 41st Veda h i 1 1 0 Cal B Violet Mrs 11669 Alma av W K PO elk
CS&F r2006 S2d av Walter (Eliz) Iil520 Websler Wm r9 Eton ct B Wm
(Margt) r2732 Mabel B Wm A (Edna M) artist hl50S Curtis U Wm C
h2420 9th av Wm C (Julia S) inspr Okld Dept Publ Bldgs h587
Radnor rd Wm J slsmn hS70 20th Wm O (Evelvn Dl ht065 Harvard rd
Pied SPENCER * COMPANY (Hnrrv TV Sp« Henry (Ir B) Henry r3800
Or vay B neerlan Anartments 5625 Grove noes Roy H (Iva .71
w(chmn h4010 Brown iig.-m.in Wm E h3107 Monticello av nger
Frank (Mareellal restr 1919 4th B hi 9! 7 do (crm.-in F (Barbara) restr
2504 San Pablo av B h2418 Curtis B 6PENGER Dwight way B " Lucille
E r2420 Curtis B Spengler Carl elk rl805 9Sth av " Chas H (Kathryn)
elk h466 Weldon av " Edw P pres Spengler ,254 Sa l An h2 254 Sar
An de r hl219 Ban Spharler Dell D (Emma) welde croft way B " Gene
(Pauline) hlSOC Slannage av B Spicer Arth L (Ethel) driver h3120
Hyde " ('has A 1-2602 Grove B " Chas H (Myrtle A) chemist h2215
Carroll " Eliz Mrs h2602 Grove B " Everett E (Jane) hl827 109th av "
Jos P (Genevieve) slsmn Mason-McDuffle Co h855 Colusa av B "
Leonard S (Dorothy) carp h3012 Capp " Marloi " " Mni-ea B " Rulh E
usher rl375 E 38th " Saml fctywkr r273S 10th B " Wm H servmn
GSCo r2602 G Spickelmire Leroy E (Fay) Trenor Spicker Isohel Mrs
r271S Bartlett John Spiegelman Ir (Ella) hl914 6th Spieler Francisco
lab rlS29 Market " Nathaniel F (Stamps-Pingree-Spleler) Splelman
Eleanor slswn Major Realty Co r 29 Portsmouth rd Pled " Henry
(Madge) jwlr b370 filst " Lillis M Mrs h3376 Wyman SPrER. See also
Spenr nnd Speer " Harrv L (Mary) oiler PG&ECo hl3E6 14th " Ida Mrs
r50 Hermosa av " Paul (Margt) adv Okld Theatre h50 HerPearl C
buyer KDS rl36fi 14th Richd S (Mareellal dist mgr Coast Theatres
h782 Rosemo "Bed uuu's ouickl AUTO CO. Distributors 2 0 5 9
Harrison Blvd. OAKLAND Durant at Fulton BERKELEY (See Page 2
Buyers' Guide) Fox West WHO SELLS IT? Is Answered in the
CLASSIFIED BUYERS' GUIDE in this DIRECTORY Consult It
The text on this page is estimated to be only 10.90%
accurate

O M"D NO CI *■ • u» C ^ UJ "o O U c da; 2 0 W1CD ° O -J

0 ^1 c ™ H2 5 1 E-^ 1Ho *2 b»° si Sz •*"< of §2 *" -C ~£ M O lil
>Hz JC *. c w w si3 Jz 0 LL. ON O City Directory Answers All
Questions as to WHOM You Are Looking For and WHERE They Can
Be Found The Classified Business Section is the MARKET PLACE
Where Buyers and Sellers of All Kinds of Merchandise and Service
Meet R.L.Polk&Co I THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE BENEFITED Ask for
Complimentary Booklet at Office Twenty Four Years in OAKLAND,
California FONG WAN Telephone Hlgate 3767 576— 10th ST. Sl'lKKS.
See Sprurs and Speen* " Bens B (WW I P) t>916 Fresno »v B " Hal
(Blanche) elk Bkly I'O h24i6 Spauld[Dg av H " Marguerite L aoc wkx
Co Hosp b.916 Fresno av B " Saml I. 11 lee) carp hl214 B 18th Spies
Cora F (wid W H) h2214 Haste B " Eliz Mis l43 >■ " Henry h22:ts
Santa Clara av A " Leona nurse Co Hosp rllOl E 31st " Dlhii !• 110.
lith) lillll Amador av B " Philip C (Effle) electn PG&ECo r5517 "
Wllhelm F (Jen Bway Spless Fred H (Elv rll, EBTCo h6B00 h420 El
Cerrlto Pled " Fred N r420 El Cerrlto av Pled Spiganovicz M h7024
Chabot rd Spight Lindsey H (Ruth) h2840 Forest av B Spignolia
Marianna A Indywkr r944 37th Spiken Carl F (Sybil) plstr h2315 9th
av Spiker Carlisle T In dig U S General Accounting Office hl717 Euclid
av B Spiking Ida Mvi.l T I)) hl255 106th av Spikula John (Florence)
driver rS30 Pine " Nick h826 Pine Spiletycz Jnlin rl643 Park A Spilker
Thos B elk r6000 Lawton av " Thoa i' c Bertha B) real est 475 12th
R28I) hCBOO Lawton av Spillane Hannah (wid D P) h664 Apgar "
Helen J sten r664 Apgar " Lenore L bkpr r664 Apgar " Mary M tchr
r664 Apgar " Thersa A compt opr r664 Apgar Spillard Kalh I. sten
r3733 West " Lillian O (wid D J) h3733 West " Oswald A r3733 West
Spiller Isaac C (Flora) porter hl421 67th B " Roht J r3512 Dimond av
Spillerl Emma iwid Hani) hl914 Stuart B Spillnian 1'lara I w id I'liwl
rS35 57th " Edw .1 (Evelvn F) li 4 1 2 Euclid av " Emma elk r836
67th " Frank (Bealrice N) pntr M639 82d av " Har.lan (Frances)
llQUOrS 3936 Teleg av " Rarry I. (Alice M) cond h573 Lake Park " J 0
(Mary) h750 Warlleld av " LeVonne rliiis BenH.n A 11 LaVonne M
(wid W H) M61S Benton A Spillner Henry J (Florence H) gdnr h933
Heinz av B , " Florence H Mrs jan Bkly Pub Sch r933 Heinz av B "
Justeus C, (Emma M) mech h835 57th " Patricia F r933 Heinz av B
Spilloway A E wtchmn SPCo hl506 4th av Spilman Ada F (wid W H)
h2905 Ellis B " Geo T (Helen) carp h675 56th " Harry J (Mary) mslr
mariner hl650 Sacto B " Herbt A dairy consultant G D Turnbow r290r,
Ellis B " Leslie F (Ann) Ii2l 1 2 Woodbine av " Minnie r2129 Roosevelt
av B " Waller L (Anna L) h2640 79th av Spllolls Thos J (Mary)
fctywkr hl822 E (■'.■rn.su!.' blVd A Splnoloh Jos (Josephine) emp
Anchor Post Fence Co h34SO 39th av " Jos welder Mann Mfg Co r
Richmond " Jos jr mech r3480 39th av Si II.. Francis C (Gladys G)
pipeftr SPCo hl616 40th av SI'INDI.KR FRKD 0, (I.ydin) Automotive
nuehinist. Cylinder Rebnring and Regrlmling. Motor Rebuilding.
General Machine Work. 215 12th. Tel llllrhgiite »07«. li'.NHR F. 29th "
Nellie B (wid R G) hl450 101st av " LeRoy R mlllmn BLCo rl460 101st
av Splndl Herman A (Josephine A) mgr UC h 'li. Piedmont av B
Splnelli John (Lucy) Jan r2522 Cal B Splnettl Hazel O waller r2SS
Lester av Splngola Alt A r944 37th 11 Angela r2126 Clement av A "
Angelo M (EIlz) Jan h2126 Clement av A " Domingo (Marianna)
porter h944 37th " Ql I' bkpr r26!6 E 11th " Marie r!>44 37th 11 M.i
Ik r2126 Clement av A " Rose (wid Frank) hl807 92d av " Russell H
window trmr HCCCo rl807 95,1 :,v " Saml (Madeline) slum shiner
h2646 B 11th " Wm I> turn mkr r26U E lllh Sptngolo \lf elk r732 4th
" Frank driver r732 11 h " Lawrence r732 4th " Victor IMsrv) h732
4th Splngso Vlto formn SPCo bain Els Mr ■ h2706 Ce al I Gladys sten
r2706 Central av A Win E (A, Idle) hl341 Slannage av B Spinner Aug
(Anna) brewer h5737 E 17th Dale (I. la HI cook HCCCo h978 12th
Spinney Edna sten 1U430 Paru A Helen E elk rl073 57th Lawrence H
M073 67th Spin. .la Abel rSSll Kenn '• Beryl Mrs r3809 Clarke " Chas
elk rlS35 E 19th " Eleanor r580 Kenmore av " Eleanor M elk rlS35 E
19th " Francis G lab T145S S5th av " Qua F (Mary) b.1458 S5th av "
H Donald bk bndr E H Huebbe r580 Ken" Jos C .Eleanor) fctywkr
hl835 E 19th " Manuel I Antoinette) mtl fnshr h377 44th " Marie Mrs
h5S0 Kenmore av 11 Mary elk 11S35 E 19th Spinosa Thos cash
HCCCo r San Leandro Spirella Co Western Jnr G C Reinkens mgr Bpl)
" Minna Mrs r28u7 Harrison " Norman G (Florence) emp HCCCo hl25
Spiri Anthony N (Olive M) USCG h361 LesSpiritual Aid Mission 819
Athens av Siiirilualisl Church 743 21st Spiro John pntr SPCo rl036
Adeline " Robt (Dora) restrwkr hf.no E 16th Spiropoulos Theo G
(Cath) baker Anargyros Zarafonites h695 Wala Vista av Spiros Athan
( Panayeota) driver hin62 80th Spirou Louis r2024 E 25th " Wm jr
wiper SPCo r2n24 E 25th Spitler Edison h2444 Virginia B " Eliz F (wid
E B) hS15 Oxford B " Geo W (Roberta M) mech 1-1829 Berkeley way
B " Gladys proofrdr t-1461 Portland nv Spttner Marie Mrs rl48 Tunnel
rd B Spitze Harry P (Gladys) eng hl52n Arcll Max J (Lillian) auto
hlS15 S Splva Horace L (Helen) mech h()29 E 19th Spivey Geo B
(Ann) elk EBTCo hl551 Vista Spivock Wm _M (Fanne) h921 Mandana
blvd nach hln612 Royal Spjut Harry H (Crystal) carp h rear 2108
Byron B Splain Gordon S r797 S5th av " Sydney A (Augusta K) mldr
h"97 86th av Splain, Splane Ray r San Leandro Splendorio Alfonzn
elk SPCo rf,04 Cast " Frank J mech HACo h604 Castro " Jos (Alma)
plpeftr SPCo h«25 43d " Marco (Concetta) crn 602 Castro h004 do
Split hoff Clarence A (Gladvs) phys 3022 E 14th RIIOS h8201
Outlook av Splivalo Anthony (Sylvia Fl (Oakland Heallb Food SI ..re)
r55! Apgar " Jos (Germaine) (Oakland Health Food Store) br.56
Apgar " Matthew (Anna) (Oakland Health Fond Store) h25 Lake av
Pied " Vincent (Oakland Healteh Food Store) r558 Apgar Splude
Gerald J (Winifred) garmt prsr h33M Madera av " Willard J (Maude
G) furs 3909 Piedmont av rl03 Bayo Vista av Spofforth Sydney (Julia
M) slsmn h6368 Spohn Clarence auto wkr h3812 Marlon av " Mi. rut
(wid W E) r3812 Marion av " Wm E (Lollie) rigger MDDCo h3410
38th Spohr Charlotte Mrs h3429 Wilson av " Geo A (Madge) h1012
Sunnvhllls rd Snokus Albt lab rl716 Ran Pablo av Simnherg AIM H
(Florence) h2839 73d av Sponhnrgh Garland (Salliel USCG h2227
34th av Sponenhareer Geo V (Anna E) glass wkr h 1955 64th av "
Lois F music t.-hr r1955 64th nv " Rav E (Martha) glnsswkr h73l4
Hollv Spong Agnes M hknr rl369 E 32d " Carl E (Charlotte SI tailor
hl369 E 32d " Jos E rRtHh Fl acct h364 .Tayne av " Jos E 1r r364
Javne av Sponeberg Albln T (Anna) stn atdt Iill25 Mountain blvd "
Fnblnn T (Ttenltnl hr mgr United Cigar Whelan Stores Corp Il441
Halgh " Geo H (Gwendnlvn) gro 29nn Ellsworth B h2244 Russell B
Jponhelm Mlna G anaesthetist Merritt Hosp h416 Hawthorne av
Sponholl Otto (Marie) baker h266 28th Sponseller Arth W (Harrietl
steelwkr hlS12! Sacto B Sponsler Sel.len R Mrs b.5935 Mauritania av
■ii Cecil G (Laura L) llremn h2827 73d blvd " Norma G elk r2827 73d
av Spooncer LeRoy J Rev assl pastor Sacred ' Heart Catholic Ch r68t
40th Spoonemore John E (Hazel M ) brkmn SPCo h5154 Bond
Spooner Alvarez C bellmn r5715 E 17th " Arth S (Helen) gdnr Okld
Park Dept h 1425 l4lh " Claude A (Mercedes) waiter 115716 E 17th "
E.lw M iMargt) lab Okld Slreet Dept hi 4045 Maple av " Harold W
bartndr 1U434 Pennin " Mary H rl415 Harrison " Nora r823 5th av "
Vincent F (Bernice) police Ctrl' hlllit Rawson " Wn Spora 5th av Spore
Clarence M lab r7932 Wlntbrope " Rollie S (Clara) jan U3742 Enos av
Sporer Virginia B hl994 Marin av B Sporleder Fred w (Dorothea)
slsnm l Capricorn av Sporndli Edw slsmn r534 12th Sporos Jas hll.lS
Adeline Sportsmens club Inc 610 16th 3d fl •• Hall .-.L'SO Foothill
blvd " News A O Accardi publr M B Frazier tor 367 5th Sposeto
Francis r2428 Grove 11 Patk A (Evelvn) g.lnr hilSr.S Sunnyn Spotorno
Alex V who] poultry 361 4th r " Mi. hi (Eleanor) scavenger h702 45th
SPOTT F.I.F.CTRICAL CO (F E and t, H Snott Jr) Supplies. Electrical
Construe tlon, Repairs, ofift lftth. Tels Glenrourt 7277 and Alameda
5(11 9-W " Fnv Mrs hl732 Webster " Fay E (Spott Electrical Co) r
Wain " Paul wtchmn r60S 12th " Paul A (Nathalia) real est 561 19th
h3743 " Robt rl732 Webster Spotwood Geo E (Mary) mach hl629
78th Spowart Grace E elk r2703 Webster B " Harrv M (Josephioe)
hl326 Grand Pled " Helen (wid Roht) h2763 Webster B " Jas R slsmn
PBCo r27n3 Webster B " John B (Frances) hB41 Spruce B " Margt M
elk r27n3 Webster B " Wanda C elk rl521 Posen av B Spozzo Anthony
r543 Myrtle Sppringins Wm jan rl227 8th Spracklan Richd R
(Beatrice) driver h591S Grove Spradlin Jack L elk rinnn Bridge av
Spradling Edna Mrs beauty opr r5693 College av " Frances J elk
r5693 College av Snragg Antoinette C (wid G W) h387 60th " Rosalie
elk r387 6nth Spragglns Edw H driver h5906 Genoa " Nina A slswn
SR&Oo h669 32d Soragne Arth h2529 Dwight way B " Tieni F
(Celestia Bl h44ni Howe " Bessie Mrs librn UC h2019 Cedar B "
Burleigh slsmn h58n9 Moraga av " ("nth T (wid D R) hl314 Carlotta
av 1 " Clara oharni KDS r5S09 Moraga rd " Clvde A ironwkr MDOCo r
Richmond " Palsy (wid J S) 566 61st " Edith D office sec Bd of Fire
Underwriters! of the Pacific rU7 Nova dr Pled " Edw M (Blanche) elev
opr hf.67 11th " Frank L dir Okld Recreation Dept rE72« Flemin "
Frank W (Edith) elk Okld PO hll7 Nova dr Pled " Gene (Jeanne) pntr
hl337 Sherman A " Geo rl210 Union A " Geo O hlrmkr MDDCo r
Richmond " Grace D acct Post-Enquirer hl732 Webster " Helen I elk
JBCo rl770 Bway " Henrv r492 9th " Jas A r2427 Haste B " John
(Etta) h859 Isabella " Jos M i ntr EBMUD r Richmond
The text on this page is estimated to be only 13.38%
accurate

Fire • Automobile • Marine • Casualty • Fidelity • Surety Ire

man's Fund Grou P I Jirem 7ireman's7und insurance (bmpanu ■
Occidental Insurance fompanu ■ HomeJireii Marine Insurance
Cbmpany \ 7iremans7und Indemnity Company ■ Occidental
Indemnity Cbmpany OAKLAND OFFICE ■ 622 Central Bank Building
■ GLencourt 7840 P ■FRAG! E Julie G Mrs h503c Santa Clara Louise
J r2427 Haste B Mabel Mrs b.566 33d Martha (wid G E) hl?70 Bway
Matilda Mrs r701 Rand av Milo 2 912 Rhoda V iwid P M) 1U712 Cal B
Robt watchmkr r3044 Grove Robt L h2600 63d av Rodney B
geologist r2427 Haste B Seth S (Gladys L) h5726 Fleming av Waller
B (Myrtle) billiards 331S Foothill blvd h2337 Ransom av Wilford
(Margt) pntr 04036 Loma Vista Wilfurd A (Marie) carp h7443 Weld
Wm rl259 1st av Wm A (Ruby J) mstr mariner h2427 Haste (Bernice)
SPCo h2100 13th Spranger Kibby W (Bee) h6652 Outlook av
Spratley Alma sten H A Dannenbrink rISIS Everett A " Jas R I Ella G)
custodian Okld PO hISIS Everett A I Jas R jr (Kath) carrier Ala PO
hl619 Lea ct A Spratling Lionel E (Gertrude) h387Vfe 63d Spralt Robt
h3402 Laguna av Spray Ada M (wid Jac) rl078 ISth " Anna iwid
Chas) hSBlaii 35th av " Geo M (Serena) halo 28th Sprayberry Roy L
(Dovie) elk h2400 107th Spread M Carmel sten BofA rl63S
Versallofficer SBE I Mathew F (Kate) liquor hl63S Versailles av A ■
Patk J (Eliz M) driver hlOlG 5th Sprechert Chas F W (Edith) clo ctr
h3201 Partridge av ;nger Clarence emp John Morrell & Co r561 16th
ikel Lester H (Marion) supt E J ChubSpring Albl J (Emma) h3012
Linden I Christine Mrs bkpr F C Fuehrer r4246 Knoll av ^Cora rl811
Marin av B "^Elmer D (Christine) cbtmkr F C Fuehrer h4246 Knoll av
II Elmond H (Ester) electn T L Rosenberg h342 Clifton I Frances
slswn Mazor Bros r342 Clifton " Harold W (Mabel V) elk h2627 57th
av " Howard (Lillian) h26is San Pablo av Lydia A (wid John) h3035
Champion | Mary E (wid C H) r949 Fresno av B " Sophie (wid Jacob)
r"06 Apgar " Vernon A (A Blanche) servmn CNWCo h 1832 Linden
Walter E (Bertha) mldr h2322 Adeline Springall Wm r820 Myrtle
Springer Abr (Rose) driver h771 16th " Alwyn K slsmn G R Borrmann
Welcome to our website – the ideal destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. With a mission to inspire endlessly, we offer a
vast collection of books, ranging from classic literary works to
specialized publications, self-development books, and children's
literature. Each book is a new journey of discovery, expanding
knowledge and enriching the soul of the reade

Our website is not just a platform for buying books, but a bridge
connecting readers to the timeless values of culture and wisdom. With
an elegant, user-friendly interface and an intelligent search system,
we are committed to providing a quick and convenient shopping
experience. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery
services ensure that you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and

personal growth!

textbookfull.com