Parts of the Indian Constitution

Part No. Part Name Articles

Part I The Union and its Territory Articles 1 to 4
Part II Citizenship Articles 5 to 11
Part III Fundamental Rights Articles 12 to 35
Part IV Directive Principles of State Policy Articles 36 to 51
Part IVA Fundamental Duties Article 51A
Part V The Union Articles 52 to 151
Part VI The States Articles 152 to 237
Part VII States in the B Part of the First Schedule (Repealed) —
Part VIII The Union Territories Articles 239 to 242
Part IX Panchayats Articles 243 to 243O
Articles 243P to
Part IXA Municipalities
243ZG
Articles 243ZH to
Part IXB Co-operative Societies
243ZT
Part X The Scheduled and Tribal Areas Articles 244 to 244A
Part XI Relations Between the Union and the States Articles 245 to 263
Part XII Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits Articles 264 to 300A
Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the Territory of
Part XIII Articles 301 to 307
India
Part XIV Services Under the Union and the States Articles 308 to 323
Part
Tribunals Articles 323A to 323B
XIVA
Part XV Elections Articles 324 to 329A
Part XVI Special Provisions Relating to Certain Classes Articles 330 to 342
Part XVII Official Language Articles 343 to 351
Part
Emergency Provisions Articles 352 to 360
XVIII
Part XIX Miscellaneous Articles 361 to 367
Part XX Amendment of the Constitution Article 368
Part XXI Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions Articles 369 to 392
Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and
Part XXII Articles 393 to 395
Repeals
 ✦Articles of the Indian Constitution(Most Imp)✦
Article
Provision
Number
Article 1 India shall be a Union of States.
Article 2 Parliament can admit or establish new states in India.
Parliament can change the name, area, or boundaries of any
Article 3
state.
Laws made under Articles 2 and 3 are not constitutional
Article 4
amendments.
Defines who were Indian citizens at the commencement of the
Article 5
Constitution.
Article 6 Citizenship for people who migrated from Pakistan.
Article 7 Citizenship of people who migrated to Pakistan and returned.
Article 8 Citizenship for Indians living abroad.
Persons voluntarily acquiring foreign citizenship are not Indian
Article 9
citizens.
Article 10 Continuance of rights of citizenship under Parliament’s law.
Article 11 Parliament has power to make laws about citizenship.
Definition of ‘State’ includes government, Parliament, and
Article 12
other authorities.
Article 13 Laws violating fundamental rights are void.
Article 14 Equality before law and equal protection of laws.
Prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex,
Article 15
or place of birth.
Article 16 Equal opportunity in public employment.
Article 17 Abolition of untouchability.
Article 18 Abolition of titles (except military or academic distinctions).
Freedom of speech, assembly, association, movement,
Article 19
residence, and occupation.
Article 20 Protection in respect of conviction for offences.
Article 21 Protection of life and personal liberty.
Right to free and compulsory education for children aged 6 to
Article 21A
14.
Article 22 Protection against arbitrary arrest and detention.
Article 23 Prohibition of human trafficking and forced labour.
Article 24 Prohibits child labour in factories below age 14.
Article 25 Freedom of conscience and free profession of religion.
Article 26 Freedom to manage religious affairs.
Article 27 No taxes for promotion of any religion.
Article 28 No religious instruction in government-run educational institutions.
Article 29 Protection of language, script, and culture of minorities.
Article 30 Minorities can establish and run their own educational institutions.
Article 31 (Repealed) – related to right to property.
Article 32 Right to constitutional remedies through Supreme Court.
Article 33 Parliament can limit fundamental rights of armed forces.
Article 34 Restrictions on fundamental rights during martial law.
Parliament has exclusive power to make laws for certain
Article 35
fundamental rights.
Article 36 Definition of ‘State’ for Directive Principles.
Directive Principles are not enforceable, but fundamental in
Article 37
governance.
Article 38 Promote justice – social, economic, and political.
Guidelines on equal pay, child care, and equitable wealth
Article 39
distribution.
Article
Ensure equal access to justice.
39A
Article 40 Promote establishment of village panchayats.
Article 41 Right to work, education, and public assistance.
Article 42 Humane working conditions and maternity relief.
Article 43 Right to a living wage and decent life for workers.
Article
Encourage worker participation in management.
43A
Article 44 State shall work towards a Uniform Civil Code.
Article 45 Early childhood care and education for children below 6 years.
Article 46 Promote interests of SCs, STs, and weaker sections.
Article 47 Duty of the State to improve nutrition and public health.
Article 48 Modernize agriculture and animal husbandry.
Article
Protect and improve environment and wildlife.
48A
Article 49 Protect monuments of national importance.
Article 50 Separate judiciary from executive.
Article 51 Promote international peace, security, and good relations.
Fundamental Duties of every citizen of India:
• Abide by the Constitution and respect the national flag and
anthem.
• Follow the noble ideals of the freedom struggle.
• Protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
• Defend the country and render national service when required.
Article • Promote harmony and brotherhood among all people.
51A • Value and preserve the rich heritage of our culture.
• Protect and improve the natural environment.
• Develop scientific temper and spirit of reform.
• Safeguard public property and avoid violence.
• Strive towards excellence in all areas of work.
• Ensure education opportunities for children between 6 to 14
years.
Article 52 There shall be a President of India.
Article 53 Executive power of the Union shall be vested in the President.
Article 54 The President shall be elected by an electoral college.
Article 55 Procedure for electing the President.
Article 56 The President shall hold office for five years.
Article 57 A person can be re-elected as President.
Article 58 Qualifications for election as President.
Article 59 Conditions and privileges of the President’s office.
Article 60 Oath or affirmation by the President.
Article 61 Procedure for impeachment of the President.
Article 63 There shall be a Vice-President of India.
The Vice-President is elected by members of both Houses of
Article 66
Parliament.
The President can grant pardon, suspend, remit or commute
Article 72
sentences.
 There shall be a Council of Ministers to aid and advise the
Article 74
President.
Prime Minister is appointed by the President; ministers are
Article 75
collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.
Article 76 There shall be an Attorney General for India.
The Prime Minister shall communicate decisions and information
Article 78
to the President.
Article 79 Parliament consists of the President, Rajya Sabha, and Lok Sabha.
Article 80 Composition and strength of the Rajya Sabha.
Article 81 Composition and strength of the Lok Sabha.
Article 85 The President summons, prorogues, and dissolves the Parliament.
The Vice-President is the Chairman of Rajya Sabha; a Deputy
Article 89
Chairman is also chosen.
Article 93 Lok Sabha shall have a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker.
Article 100 Voting and decision-making procedures in Parliament.
Article 108 Provision for joint sitting of both Houses in case of disagreement.
Article 110 Defines what constitutes a Money Bill.
Annual financial statement (Union Budget) is presented before
Article 112
Parliament.
Parliament shall authorize the withdrawal of money from the
Article 114
Consolidated Fund.
Parliament may approve supplementary, additional, or interim
Article 116
grants.
Article 123 President can issue ordinances when Parliament is not in session.
Article 124 Establishment and appointment of judges of the Supreme Court.
Article 129 Supreme Court has the power to punish for contempt.
Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction in disputes between the
Article 131
Centre and States.
Article 132 Appeals to Supreme Court in constitutional matters.
Article 133 Appeals to Supreme Court in civil cases.
Article 134 Appeals to Supreme Court in criminal cases.
Article 140 Parliament may enhance powers of the Supreme Court.
Article 141 Supreme Court decisions are binding on all courts in India.
Article 143 President may seek advisory opinion of the Supreme Court.
Article 148 There shall be a Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India.
Article 149 Duties and powers of the CAG shall be defined by Parliament.
Accounts of the Union and States shall be kept in the form
Article 150
prescribed by the President.
CAG reports shall be submitted to the President, who lays them
Article 151
before Parliament.
Article 153 There shall be a Governor for each State.
Article 154 Executive power of the State shall be vested in the Governor.
Governor can grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of
Article 161
punishment.
There shall be a Council of Ministers to aid and advise the
Article 163
Governor.
The Chief Minister and other Ministers are appointed by the
Article 164
Governor.
Article 165 There shall be an Advocate General for each State.
Article 168 State Legislature consists of the Governor and one or two Houses.
Article 169 Parliament can create or abolish the Legislative Council of a State.
Governor may assent, withhold assent, or reserve a bill for the
Article 200
President’s consideration.
Governor can issue ordinances when State Legislature is not in
Article 213
session.
Article 214 There shall be a High Court for each State.
Article 226 High Courts can issue writs for the enforcement of rights.
Article Special provisions for Delhi – Legislative Assembly and Council
239AA of Ministers.
Article 243 Definitions and general provisions for Panchayats.
Article
Gram Sabha may take decisions on development plans.
243A
Article
State Election Commission conducts elections to Panchayats.
243K
Article State Election Commission prepares and revises the electoral rolls
243I for Panchayats.
Article 244 Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas.
Inter-State Council may be established for coordination among
Article 263
States.
Article 279 Defines how net tax revenue is calculated.
Article 280 Provides for the establishment of a Finance Commission.
Article 312 Parliament can create All India Services like IAS, IPS, etc.
Article 315 Establishment of Public Service Commissions for the Union and
States.
Article 320 Functions and duties of the Public Service Commissions.
Reports of Public Service Commissions to be submitted to
Article 323
President/Governor.
Establishment of the Election Commission and its powers and
Article 324
responsibilities.
Article 338 Establishment of National Commission for Scheduled Castes.
Article
Establishment of National Commission for Scheduled Tribes.
338A
Article
Establishment of National Commission for Backward Classes.
338B
Article 343 Hindi shall be the official language of the Union.
Article 345 State can adopt its own official language.
Article 352 Provision for proclamation of National Emergency.
Provision for President’s Rule in case of constitutional breakdown
Article 356
in a State.
Article 360 Provision for declaration of Financial Emergency.
Article If a State fails to follow directions of the Union, it may be deemed
365 unconstitutional.
Article
Special provisions for certain States.
371
Article Special provisions for Nagaland – protection of social and religious
371A practices.
Article Special provisions for Assam – creation of a committee of the
371B Legislative Assembly.
Article Special provisions for Manipur – Legislative Assembly to have a
371C special committee.
Article Special provisions for Andhra Pradesh – local reservations in
371D education and jobs.
Article
Provision for establishing a Central University in Andhra Pradesh.
371E
Article Special provisions for Sikkim – protection of legislative assembly
371F structure, etc.
Article Special provisions for Mizoram – protection of religious and social
371G practices.
Article
Special powers to the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh.
371H
Article
Specifies minimum number of assembly members for Goa.
371I
Article
Special provisions for Hyderabad-Karnataka region in Karnataka.
371J
 Amendments of the Indian Constitution(Most Imp)

Amendment
Explanation
Number
Added restrictions on freedom of speech and enabled
1st CAA, 1951
reservations in education.
Reorganized states based on language; introduced Union
7th CAA, 1956
Territories.
12th CAA, 1962 Incorporated Goa, Daman and Diu into India.
13th CAA, 1962 Created special status for Nagaland under Article 371A.
14th CAA, 1962 Added Puducherry as a Union Territory.
Made constitutional amendments immune to judicial
24th CAA, 1971
review.
26th CAA, 1971 Abolished privy purses and royal privileges.
35th CAA, 1974 Made Sikkim an associate state of India.
36th CAA, 1975 Made Sikkim a full-fledged state of India.
Known as “Mini Constitution”; added Fundamental Duties
42nd CAA, 1976
and words "Socialist, Secular".
Restored fundamental rights curtailed in Emergency;
44th CAA, 1978
ensured press freedom.
Introduced anti-defection law to prevent political
52nd CAA, 1985
defections.
Made Goa a state; Daman and Diu remained Union
56th CAA, 1987
Territory.
61st CAA, 1989 Reduced voting age from 21 to 18 years.
Made Delhi a National Capital Territory with legislative
69th CAA, 1991
assembly.
73rd CAA, 1992 Gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions.
Gave constitutional status to Urban Local Bodies
74th CAA, 1992
(Municipalities).
84th CAA, 2001 Delimitation of constituencies frozen till 2026.
Made education a Fundamental Right for children (6–14
86th CAA, 2002
years).
87th CAA, 2003 Based delimitation on 2001 Census without changing seats.
89th CAA, 2003 Created National Commissions for SCs and STs separately.
Limited size of Council of Ministers and banned split in
91st CAA, 2003
parties.
 Amendment
Explanation
Number
93rd CAA, 2005 Allowed reservations in private educational institutions.
97th CAA, 2011 Gave constitutional status to cooperative societies.
Established National Judicial Appointments Commission
99th CAA, 2014
(NJAC).
Exchanged territory with Bangladesh under Land Boundary
100th CAA, 2015
Agreement.
101st CAA, 2017 Introduced Goods and Services Tax (GST).
Gave constitutional status to National Commission for
102nd CAA, 2018
Backward Classes (NCBC).
103rd CAA, 2019 Provided 10% EWS reservation in jobs and education.
Removed Anglo-Indian seat reservation in Parliament and
104th CAA, 2020
state assemblies.
105th CAA, 2021 Gave states the power to identify OBCs.
Reserved 33% seats for women in Lok Sabha and state
106th CAA, 2023
assemblies.