CHAPTER 1 C.

the water table is low

D. the crops to be grown have deep roots
INTRODUCTION TO IRRIGATION
[GPSC-2018]
& METHODS OF IRRIGATION

Q06. The most suitable method of irrigation for areas

1. In arid areas with uneven land surface, most suitable having low rainfall and strong winds is
method of irrigation is
A. furrow irrigation
A. basin method
B. sprinkler irrigation
B. check flooding
C. drip irrigation
C. furrow irrigation
D. contour farming
D. sprinkler irrigation
(GPSC-2019)
[BPSC-2012]

Q07. For row crops and orchards which of the following

2. For cereal crops, the most commonly adopted method irrigation system is best suited?
of irrigation is
A. Drip irrigation
A. free flooding
B. Sprinkler irrigation
B. check method
C. Furrow irrigation
C. furrow method
D. Basin flooding
D. sprinkler method
(GPSC-2020)
[GPSC-2017], [JPSC 2022], [MPSC-2015]

Q08. In flood irrigation for steeper rolling land the

3. For standing crops in undulating sandy fields, the best method is
method of irrigation is
A. Check Flooding
A. sprinkler method
B. Boarder Flooding
B. free flooding
C. Wild Flooding
C. check method
D. Basin Flooding
D. furrow method
(GPSC-2020)
[GPSC-2017]

Q09. In which method, water is sprayed in the air

4. Which of the following is not a surface irrigation simulating rainfall?
method?
A. Drip Irrigation
A. Sprinkler Irrigation
B. Sprinkler irrigation
B. Border Irrigation
C. Lift Irrigation
C. Furrow Irrigation
D. Flow Irrigation
D. Basin Irrigation
(HPSC-2018)
[GPSC-2018]

Q10. Which technique of water distribution in farms is

5.Sprinkler irrigation system is suitable when also called trickle irrigation?
A. the land gradient is steep and the soil is easily A. Border flooding.
erodible
B. Sprinkle irrigation.
B. the soil is having low permeability
C. Drip irrigation level.
D. Free flooding B. In furrow irrigation, the water is admitted between
the rows of plants in the field.
(JPSC 2022)
C. In border strip method, the strips are separated by low
levels.
Q12. Application.of fertilizer through irrigation system : D. None of the above
A. Chemigation (MPSC-2013)
B. Fertigation
C. Chlorination Q18. Sprinkler irrigation is adopted for the areas which
D. Acidification are

(KPSC 2015,2016) A. Level

B. Uneven

Q13. Tube well irrigation has the following advantages C. High

except D. Low
A.Serves isolated lands that cannot be served with canal (MPSC-2013)
irrigation
B.Tubewells can be privately owned
Q19. For irrigation purpose, the pH value of water
C.Tubewell construction is faster and requires less funds should be
D.Land acquisition is less A. Between 3 and 6
E.Tubewells water is much cheaper to canal water B. Between 6 and 8.5
(CGPSC 2014) C. Between 8.5 and 11
D. More than 11
Q15 .Which among the following is used for rain water (MPSC-2014)
harvesting?
A:-Loose Stone bandhare
Q21. Which of the following methods of applying water
B:-Coconut fiber cement tank may be used on rolling land
C:-Ferro cement tank A. Border flooding
D:-All the above B. Check flooding
(KPSC 2019) C. Furrow flooding
D. Free flooding
Q16. Which of the following is known as “feeding (NPSC-2015)
bottle technique”?
A. Drip Irrigation
Q22 .’Flood irrigation’ works best on
B. Sprinkler Irrigation
A. Level or gentle terrain
C. Furrow Method
B. Steep terrain
D. None of the Above
C. Drought hit areas
(MPSC-2017)
D. Coasted areas
(NPSC-2015)
Q17. Which of the following statement is correct
A. In free flooding, the field is divided into a number of
small sized plots which are practically Q23. Method of irrigation for cereal crops is
A. Sub surface irrigation (APSC-2020)
B. Basin flooding
C. Check flooding Q2. A land is said to be water-logged, when
D. Furrow irrigation A. The land is necessarily submerged under standing
water There is a flowing water over the land
(NPSC-2015)
B. The pH of the soil becomes as high as 8.5
C. The soil pores in the root zone get saturated with
Q24. Effective rainfall for crops is water, either by the actual water table or by its capillary
A. Part of rainfall utilized by crops fringe

B. Total rainfall D. The pH of the soil becomes as low as 6

C. Total rainfall-total runoff (CGPSC 2014)

D. Total runoff stored and utilized by

(NPSC-2015) Q3. The soil having electrical conductivity less than
4000 micro-ohms/cm at 25˚C and exchangeable sodium
percentage greater than 15 and pH between 8.5 -10.0 is
called
Q25. A medium irrigation project has CCA
A. Saline soil
A. More than 1,00,000 hectare
B. Alkali soil
B. Between 10,000 to 1,00,000 hectare
C. Saline-alkali soil
C. Between 2,000 and 10,000 hectare
D. Normal soil
D. Less than 10,000 hectare
(GPSC-2017)
(GPSC-2018)

Q4. The salinity in water

Q26. An irrigation project is classified as a major
project, when the culturable command (in hectare A. does not affect evaporation
involved in the project is more than
B. reduces the evaporation
A.2000
C. increases the evaporation
B.5000
D. none of the above
C.7500
(GPSC-2017)
D.10000
E.15000
Q5. Irrigation water having Sodium Absorption Ratio
(CGPSC 2014) (SAR) of 12 is classified as
A. low sodium water
B. Medium sodium water

CHAPTER 02 C. high sodium water

D. very high sodium water
QUALITY OF IRRIGATION WATER
(GPSC-2019)

Q1.An agricultural land is called water logged when

A. water becomes saline
Q6.If the electrical conductivity of water is in the range
B. land becomes saline of 250-750 micro mhos/cm, then it is classified as
C. root zone depth increases A. low saline water
D. its productivity gets affected by high water table B. moderate saline water
C. high saline water (GPSC-2020)
D. very high saline water
(GPSC-2019) Q11. Which of the following is not remedial measure for
water logging?
A. Good drainage for irrigated land.
Q7. The waterlogged soils are rendered infertile because
of B. Conjunctive use of water in the basin.
(i) Lack of aeration C. Lining of canals and water course.
(ii) Reduced soil temperature D. Contour bunding.
(iii) Weed growth (JPSC 2019)
(iv) Enhanced soil erosion
A. Only (i) Q12. Consider following statements about water
logging:
B. (i) & (ii)
i) Water logging is the rise of ground water table leading
C. (iii) & (iv) to possible increase salinity resulting in a reduction in
D. (i), (ii), (iii) & (iv) the yield of crops

(GPSC-2020) ii) Water logging cannot be eliminated in certain areas

but can be controlled only the quantity of water
percolating into that soil is checked and reduced. Which
the following is/are correct?
Q8. If the irrigation water is having concentration of
sodium, calcium and magnesium as 30, 4 and 4 mg/l
respectively, then the Sodium Absorption Ratio would
be A. (i) Only

A. 7.5 B. (ii) only

B. 10 C. Both (i) and (ii)

C. 15 D. Neither (i) nor (ii)

D. 20 (JKPSC-2020)

(GPSC-2020)
Q13. Soil acidity is corrected by application

Q9. The land is said to be waterlogged, when: of:

A. The land is necessarily submerged under standing A. Ca(OH)

water B. CuSO4
B. There is a flowing water over the land C. ZnSO4
C. The pH value of the soil becomes as high as 8.5 D. H2SO4
D. The soil pores in the root zone get saturated with (KPSC 2015)
water, either by the actual water table or by its capillary
fringe.
(GPSC-2020) Q14.To predict a potential of water infiltration problem,
the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) often used is
represented by :
Q10. Salinity in irrigation water is measured by A. SAR=Na/(Ca+Mg)/2
A. SAR-Value B. SAR=√Na/√(Ca+Mg)/2
B. Electrical conductivity value C. SAR=√Na/(Ca+Mg)/2
C. pH-Value D. SAR=Na/√(Ca+Mg)/4
D. All of the above (KPSC 2016)
 Q19. The percentage quantity of water required for
maintaining equilibrium in the salt content of the soil is
Q15. Pick up the correct sequence of the parts of a canal known as
system
A. Drainage coefficient
A. Headwork-Main canal-Distributory-Branch Canal-
Minor B. Leaching requirement
B. Headwork-Main canal-Branch canal-Distributory- C. Saturation soil extract
Minor
D. Salt content of irrigation water
C. Headwork-Main canal-Branch canal-Minor-
Distributory (MPPSC-2021)

D. Headwork-Branch canal-Main canal-Distributory-

Minor Q20. Water logging is the state of soil where
(BPSC-2012) A. the water table is brought very nearer to the ground
surface

Q16. Consider following statements about water B. the water table is at deeper depth
logging: C. the moisture in the soil is beyond the reach of plant
i) Water logging is the rise of ground water table leading roots
to possible increase salinity resulting in a reduction in D. none of these
the yield of crops
(MPSC-2014),(MPSC-2015)
ii) Water logging cannot be eliminated in certain areas
but can be controlled only the quantity of water
percolating into that soil is checked and reduced.
Q21. The sodium absorption ratio of an irrigation water
Which the following is/are correct? is 8. This will be called:
A. (i) Only A. Low sodium water
B. (ii) only B. Medium sodium water
C. Both (i) and (ii) C. High sodium water
D. Neither (i) nor (ii) D. May be low or medium sodium water
(JKPSC-2020) (NPSC-2016)
Q17. Soil acidity is corrected by application of:
A. Ca(OH) Q22. Which one of the following does not contribute to
water logging?
B. CuSO4
A. Inadequate drainage
C. ZnSO4
B. Seepage from unlined canal
D. H2SO4
C. Frequent flooding
(KPSC 2015)
D. Excessive tapping of ground water
(NPSC-2016)
Q18.To predict a potential of water infiltration problem,
the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) often
used is represented by :
A. SAR=Na/(Ca+Mg)/2
B. SAR=√Na/√(Ca+Mg)/2
C. SAR=√Na/(Ca+Mg)/2
D. SAR=Na/√(Ca+Mg)/4
(KPSC 2016)
 A. delta
B. duty
CHAPTER 03
C. base period
WATER REQUIREMENT FOR CROPS
D. crop period
Q1.Base period of a crop is 120 days and the duty is 864
hectares/cumec on the field. What is the Delta for this (APSC-2020)
crop?
A. 120 cm Q6.The duty of irrigation water be less if
B. 200 cm A. area irrigated is more
C. 2 cm B. water supply required is more
D. 864 cm C. water supply required is less
(APPSC-2016) D. None of the above
(BPSC-2012)
Q2.Ratio of quantity of water stored in the root zone of
the crops to the quantity of the water actually delivered
into the field is known as Q7. For the growth of plants, the useful soil moisture is
A. Efficiency of water application A. rainwater
B. Efficiency of water conveyance B. capillary water
C. Efficiency of water storage C. gravity water
D. Efficiency of water use. D. chemically treated water
(APPSC-2016) (BPSC-2012)

Q3.The field capacity of a soil is 25%, its permanent Q8. Lysimeter is used to measure
wilting point is 15% and specific dry unit weight is 1.5.
If the depth of root zone of a crop is 80 cm, the storage A. infiltration
capacity of the soil is B. evaporation
A. 8 cm C. evapotranspiration
B. 10 cm D. radiation
C. 12 cm (BPSC-2012)
D. 14 cm
(APPSC-2016) Q9. Find the delta for a crop when its duty is 1728
hectares/cumec on the field, the base period for the crop
is 240 days.
Q4. A part of water which will move out of soil, if
proper drainage is provided, is known as A. 360 cm

A. capillary water. B. 240 cm.

B. gravitational water C. 120 cm

C. hygroscopic water D. 60 cm

D. All of the above. (BPSC 2022)

(APSC-2020)
Q10. Blaney-Criddle formula is used for

Q5. The ratio between the area of a crop irrigated and A. estimation of groundwater recharge
quantity of water required during its entire period of B. reservoir evaporation
growth is known as
C. Both of the above (GPSC-2018)
D. None of the above.
(BPSC 2022) Q15. A canal was designed to supply the irrigation needs
of 1200 hectares of land growing rice of 140 days base
period having a Delta of 134 cms. If this canal water is
Q11. If a paddy crop requires 12 cm depth of water at an used to irrigate wheat of base period 120 day shaving a
average interval of 10 days and the crop period of the Delta of 52 cm, the area (in hectares) that can be
paddy is 120 days, the total depth of water (delta. irrigated is
required for the crop to achieve its maturity is A. 2650
A.120 cm B. 3608
B.12 cm C. 543
C.144 cm D. None of these
D.100 cm (GPSC-2018)
E.90 cm
(CGPSC 2014) Q16. The consumptive use of water for a crop during a
particular stage of growth is 2.0 mm/day.The maximum
depth of available water in the root zone is 60 mm.
Q12. The base period of particular crop is 120 days. If Irrigation is required when the amount of available
the duty is 1500 ha per water is 50% of the maximum available water in the root
zone.Frequency of irrigation should be
cumecs, the delta is about
A. 10 days
A. 69cm
B. 15 days
B. 138cm
C. 20 days
C. 35cm
D. 25 days
D. 54cm
(GPSC-2018)
(GPSC-2017).

Q17. The amount of irrigation water required to meet

Q13. ______ is defined as the amount of irrigation water the evapotranspiration needs of the crop during its full
that is required to meet growth is called
the evapo-transpiration needs of the crop during its full A. Variable Irrigation requirement
growth.
B. Effective irrigation requirement
A. Gross Irrigation Requirement
C. Consumptive irrigation requirement
B. Net Irrigation Requirement
D. Net irrigation requirement
C. Consumptive Irrigation Requirement
(GPSC-2018)
D. Field Irrigation Requirement
(GPSC-2017)
Q18. A tube well having a capacity of 4 m3 per hour
operates for 20 hours each day during the irrigation
Q14. In estimation of the crop water requirements, the season. How much area can be commanded if the
delta of a crop is irrigation interval is 20 days and depth of irrigation is 7
cm
expressed in a unit
A. 1.71 × 104 m2
A. hectare pre cumec
B. 1.14 × 104 m2
B. hectare
C. 22.9 × 104 m2
C. cumecs
D. 2.29 × 104 m2
D. mm
(GPSC-2018)
 Q24. The depth of moisture in root zone at field capacity
and permanent wilting point per meter depth of soil are
Q19. The duty of a crop 432hectares/cumec, when its 0.5 m/m and 0.3 m/m, respectively. If dry weight of soil
base period is 100 days. Delta for the crop will be is 14.7 kN/m3, then permanent wilting point would be
A. 132 A. 33.3%
B. 200 B. 20%
C. 464 C. 15%
D. 864 D. 25%
(GPSC-2019) (GPSC-2020)

Q20. Net irrigation requirement of a crop is equal to Q25. The first watering after the plants have grown a
A. consumptive use few cm high is usually called

B. consumptive use – effective rainfall A. Paleo watering

C. consumptive use – effective rainfall + leaching and B. Kor watering

other requirements C. Crop-Watering
D. percolation loss + effective rainfall D. None of the above
(GPSC-2019) (GPSC-2020)

Q21. Permanent wilting point moisture content for a Q26. Frequency of irrigation is dependent upon the type
crop represents the of
A. hygroscopic water A. soil and crop
B. capillary water B. soil and climate
C. field capacity water C. soil, crop and climate
D. water of adhesion D. soil, crop, climate and fertilizer
(GPSC-2019) (GPSC-2020)

Q22. Irrigation frequency is a function of Q27. An irrigation channel is carrying 3.0 m³/sec of
A. crop only water to a culturable comman area of 1500 ha with an
intensity of irrigation equal to 50%. If the base perio of
B. soil, crop and climate crop is 140 days, what will be delta for the crop?
C. soil, crop, climate and fertilizer A. 2.419m
D. soil and climate B. 1.613 m
(GPSC-2019) C. 0.806 m
D. 4.838 m
Q23. Conjunctive use of water in a basin means (HPPSC-2015)
A. combined use of water for irrigation and for
hydropower generation
B. combined use of surface and ground water resources
Q28. Kor-Watering is the irrigation water supplied to a
C. use of irrigation water for both rabi and kharif season crop
D. use of irrigation water by community participation A. at the time of its sowing.
(GPSC-2020) B. just before harvesting.
C. about three weeks after sowing
D. about harvesting three weeks C. Water use efficiency
(JPSC 2019) D. Consumptive use
(JKPSC-2020)
Q29. Consumptive use of water for a crop represents
A. The transpiration needs of the crop. Q34. Soil moisture tension at field capacity ranges
between
B. Evaporation needs of the cropped area.
A. 7 – 32 atmospheres
C. Evaporation needs of the cropped area plus the minor
quantity required in plant metabolism. B. 2 – 11 atmospheres
D. None of these C. 0.33 – 2.0 atmospheres
(JPSC 2019) D. 0.10 – 0.33 atmospheres
(GPSC-2020)
Q30. The amount of irrigation water required to meet
evapotranspiration needs of the crop during its full
growth is called Q35. Outlet discharge for a particular crop is given by

A. Effective rainfall A. area/outlet factor

B. Consumptive use B. area x outlet factor

C. Consumptive irrigation requirement C. outlet factor/area

D. Net irrigation requirement D. None of the above

(JPSC 2019) (BPSC-2012)

Q31. The delta for a crop having base period 130 days is Q36. Capacity of an irrigation tank depends on
65 cm. What is the duty? A. The topography of the land
A. < 1715 hectare/cumec B. The population in that region
B. (1715 < duty < 1728) hectare/cumec C. Contour of the place
C. > 1730 hectare/cumec D. Types of crop and duty
D. = 1728 hectare/cumec (JPSC 2022)
(JPSC 2022)

Q37. The delta for a crop having base period 120 days is
Q32. The amount of irrigation water required to meet 70 cm. What is the duty?
the evapotranspiration needs of the crop during its full A. 2490 hectare/cumec
growth is called
C. 148 hectare/cumec
A. Net irrigation requirement
B. 1481 hectare/cumec
B. Effective rainfall
D. 1.481 hectare/cumec
C. Consumptive use
(JKPSC-2020)
D. Consumptive irrigation requirement
(JPSC 2022)
Q38. The intensity of irrigation for the Kharif season is
50% for an irrigation project culturable
Q33. The ratio of the quantity of water stored in the root command area of 50,000 hectares. The duty for the
zone of the crops to the quantity of water actually Kharif season is 10 hectare/cumec.
delivered in the field is known as
Assuming transmission loss of 10% the required
A.Water conveyance efficiency discharge (in cum up to two decimal places) at the head
B. Water application effcinecy of the canal is
A. 35 A. 86.4
B. 28 B. 864
C. 20 C. 8.64
D. 16 D. 8640
(JKPSC-2020) (KPSC 2015)

Q39. The gross commanded Area is equal to: Q44. Capacity factor
A. CCA+ Cultiable Cultivated Area A. the ratio of average discharge of a canal at a point to
the fully supplied at that point
B. GCA-Cultiable Cultivated Area
B. The ratio of the average discharge to the number of
C. CCA+Cultiable UnCultivated Area days the canal has actually run
D. CCA+UnCultivable Area C. The ratio of duty at the outlet to the discharge
(KPSC-2014) D. None of these
(KPSC 2015)
Q40. In irrigation, relation between Duty and Delta
expressed in metric system is:
Q45. Rabi corps pertains to:
A. ∆=8.46 B/D
A.Monsoon Season
B. ∆=8.46 D/B
B.Winter Season
C. ∆=8.64 D/B
C.Summer Season
D. ∆=8.64 B/D
D.Autumn Season
(KPSC-2014)
(KPSC 2015)

Q41. Water useful for plant growth :

Q46. Duty of canal water is expressed in
A. Hygroscropic
A.Cumecs
B. Capillary
B.Millimetres
C. Gravitation
C.Centimeter
D. Percolation
D.Ha per cumec
E. Capillary water
(KPSC 2016)
(NPSC-2015,KPSC 2015)

Q47. The total depth water in cm,required by a crop

Q42 . If a duty of a cropfor a best period of 120 days is come to its maturity is
1250 hectares/cumec, its delta is
A.Duty
A.83 cm
B.Delta
B.80 cm
C.Base
C.85 cm
D.None of the above
D.88 cm
(KPSC 2016)
(KPSC 2015)

Q48. An example for kharif crop is

Q43. Find the duty of paddy hectares/cumec, if depth of
water over area is equal to 1500 A.Wheat
millimetre and the base period is 150 days B.Rice
C.Barley Q53. Pick up the incorrect statement from the following.
Culturable commanded area is the gross area of an
D.gram irrigation canal system less
(KPSC 2016) A. Populated area
B. Alkaline area
Q49 . The discharge available from tubewell is 120 C. Forest area
m^3/s. Assuming 3200 hours of working
D. Fallow land
of the tubewell for a year, the Intensity of irrigation as
50% and average depth of Rabi and kharif crop as 48 cm (KPSC 2015,2016)
the culturable area that is this tubewell can command is
A. 160 ha
Q54. The amount of irrigation water required to meet
B. 172 ha the evapotranspiration needs of the
C. 168 ha crop during its full growth is called
D. 80 ha A. Effective rainfall
(KPSC 2016) B. Consumptive use
C. Consumptive irrigation requirement
Q50. The optimum depth for Kor watering of rice is D. Net irrigation requirement
A:-135 mm (KPSC 2016)
B:-165 mm
C:-190 mm Q55. What shall be the duty of irrigation water if 3
cumecs of water supply is required for a crop sown in
D:-215 mm area of 5100 hectares ?
(KPSC 2016,2017) A. 15300
B. 5100
Q51. The ratio of the actually irrigated area during a C. 1700
year or during a crop to the cultivable
D. 3
irrigable area
(KPSC 2016)
A:-Capacity coefficient
B:-Annual intensity
Q56. What classification head for water present in soil is
C:-Crop intensity normally found ?
D:-Intensity of irrigation A. Hydroscopic water
(KPSC 2017) B. Surface water
C. Capillary water
Q52. As one moves from the head of the main canal to D. Centrifugal water
head of the water course, duty of
(KPSC 2016)
water
A:-decreases
Q57. Consumptive use of water by a crop means water
B:-first increases and then decreases consumed by
C:-first decreases and then increases A. evaporation only
D:-increases B. conveyance loss and evaporation
(KPSC 2019) C. transpiration and conveyance loss
D. evaporation and transpiration
(KPSC 2016) B. Dicken’s theory
C. Kennedy’s equation
Q58. The consumptive use of water for a crop D. Theory of Economical sections.
A. Is measured as the volume of water per unit area (KPSC 2018)
B. Is measured as depth of water on
irrigated area Q63. For a soil, field capacity and permanent wilting
coefficient are 30% and 12%
C. May be supplied partly by precipitation and partly by
irrigation respectively. The available water in this case is
D. All of the above A. 12%
(KPSC 2017), (MPSC-2018) B. 18%
C. 30%
Q59. The gross commanded area for a distributary is D. 42%
6000 hectares, 80% of which is culturable irrigable. The
intensity of irrigation for Kharif season is 25%. The area (MPPSC-2014)
to be irrigated in Kharif season is _______ hectares.
A. 600 Q64. A crop requires a total water depth of 90 cm for a
B. 1200 base period of 120 days. The discharge required to
irrigate the crop in 2880 hectares is
C. 2400
A. 0.25 m3/s
D. 4800
B. 1.0 m3/s
(KPSC 2017)
C. 2.5 m3/s
D. 10.0 m3/s
Q60. In an irrigation project, in a certain year, 60% and
46% of the cultivable command area in Kharif and Rabi (MPPSC-2014)
respectively, remained without water and rest of the area
got irrigation water. The intensity of irrigation in that
year for the project was Q65. The ratio of the quantity of water stored in the root
zone of the crops to the quantity of
A. 126%
water actually delivered in the field is
B. 80%
A. Water conveyance efficiency
C. 124%
B. Water application efficiency
D. 94%
C. Water use efficiency
(KPSC 2017)
D. None of the above
(MPSC-2017,NPSC-2015,2016)
Q61. Duty of a Canal is
A. the time for which it has to run.
Q66. In border strip method of irrigation, the width of
B. the maximum discharge it has to carry. strip is
C. to supply water to the fields. A. 5-10 m
D. the area per unit discharge. B. 10-20 m
(KPSC 2018) C. 20-30 m
D. 25-30 m
Q62. Design of irrigation canals in plain regions of (MPSC-2017)
Karnataka is usually done based on
A. Lacey’s theory
Q67. The duty of irrigation water for a given crop is D. free water
maximum
(MPSC-2014)
A. on the field
B. at the head of main canal
Q72. Net irrigation requirement of a crop is given by
C. at the head of water course
A. Consumptive use + field losses
D. near the distributary
B. Consumptive use + conveyance losses
(MPSC-2017)
C. Consumptive use + field losses + conveyance losses
D. Consumptive use – effective rainfall
Q68. Hygroscopic water is defined as the
(MPSC-2014)
A. readily available water for the use of plants.
B. water which is adsorbed by the particles of the dry
soil from the atmosphere. Q73. Available soil moisture is the difference between

C. total water content of the soil when all pores are filled A. Saturation capacity and field capacity
with water. B. Saturation capacity and permanent wilting point
D. water held by the soil under capillary C. Field capacity and permanent wilting point
action. D. Saturation capacity and temporary wilting point
(MPSC-2017),(MPPSC-2017) (MPSC-2015)

Q74. Crop ratio is defined as the ratio of area irrigated

Q69. Given that the base period is 100 days and the duty A. In Rabi season to Kharif season
of the canal is 1000 hectares per
B. In Kharif season to Rabi season
cumec, the depth of water will be:
C. Under perennial crop to non-perennial crops
A. 0.864 cm
D. Under perennial crop to total area
B. 8.64 cm
(MPSC-2015)
C. 86.4 cm
D. 864 cm
Q75. Cotton is grown in medium textured soil with
(MPSC-2017) available soil water of 100 mm/m depth of
soil. Given that the rooting depth is 1.5 m, the fraction
Q70. The depth of root zone for rice crop is of water available is 0.65 and the

A. 50 cm application efficiency is 0.65, then the required depth of

water delivered to the field will be equal
B. 90 cm
to
C. 1 m or more
A. 150 mm
D. 30 cm
B. 200 mm
(MPSC-2013)
C. 165 mm
D. 250 mm
Q71. Water present in the soil which cannot be removed
except by heating is called (MPSC-2015)

A. gravity water
B. capillary water Q76. A crop requires 900 mm of water for a base period
of 120 days. The duty of the water is
C. hygroscopic water
A. 1152 hectares/cumec
B. 1125 hectares/cumec Q81. In India, cultivated area under Rabi season is the
area under kharif season
C. 648 hectares/cumec
A. Equal to
D. None of these
B. Half
(MPSC-2015)
C. Twice
D. Thrice
Q77. The amount of irrigation water required to meet
the evapotranspiration needs of the crop during its full (NPSC-2015)
growth is called
A. Effective rainfall
Q82. A soil has a field capacity of 25%, permanent
B. Consumptive use wilting point of 15% and a specific weight of 14.7kN/
m³. If the root zone depth of ground crop is 90 cm, then
C. Consumptive irrigation requirement its available moisture holding capacity is
D. Net irrigation requirement A. 10cm
(NPSC-2015) B. 13.5cm
C. 16.67cm
Q78. Wheat crop requires 55 cm of water during 120 D. 20cm
days of base period. The total rainfall
(NPSC-2016)
during this period is 100 mm. Assume the irrigation
efficiency to be 60%. The area (in hA. of the
land which canbe irrigated with a canal flow of 0.01 m3/ Q83. Water table drops by 3m in a irrigable land of 50
s is hectare. If porosity &amp; specific retention are 0.30
&amp; 0.1 respectively, then change in storage in
A. 13.82 hectare -meter is
B. 18.65 A. 15
C. 23.42 B. 30
D. 234.20 C. 45
(NPSC-2015) D. 60
(NPSC-2016)
Q79. Kor-watering is done
A. About three weeks before harvesting Q84. If the intensity of irrigation for kharif is 45% and
B. About three weeks after sowing for Rabi is 60%, then the annual intensity of irrigation is

C. Just before harvesting A. 60%

D. At the time of sowing C. 105%

(NPSC-2015) B. 100%
D. 110%

Q80. Depth of kor watering for rice is (NPSC-2016)

A. 9 cm
B. 13.5 cm
C. 19 cm
D. 25 cm
(NPSC-2015)
CHAPTER 04
 DESIGN OF CANALS D. Vo7/2

Q1 .A channel of bed slope 0.0009 carries a discharge of (BPSC-2012)

21 m³/s when the depth of flow is 1m. If the slope is
decreased to 0.0001. what is the discharge carried by an
exactly similar channel at the same depth of flow? Q6. If the hydraulic radius of a river is 2 m and
longitudinal bed slope of the channel is 0-0001, what
A. 7 m³/s will be the expected smallest size of the sediment
B. 21 m³/s particles on the bed of the river?

C.14 m³/s A. About 4-5 mm

D. 70 m³/s B. About 2-36 mm

(APPSC-2016) C. 1-18 mm
D. None of the above

Q2 .A channel is designed by Lacey's theory having a (BPSC 2022)

mean velocity of 1 m/s. The silt factor is unity. The
hydraulic mean radius will be equal to
A. 2.5m
Q7. Given dm average particle size in mm, Lacey's silt
B. 2 m factor is calculated as
C. 1m A. f= 1.72dmm
D. 5m B. f= 1.75d
(APPSC-2016) C. f= 1.77 √dmm
D. None of the above
Q3.Lacey's regime width (W) for a channel having flood (BPSC 2022)
discharge of Q is given by
A. W=1.35 (Q)½
Q8. A natural river is conveying a flow of 2500 cumec.
B. W-4.75 (Q)½ What is the expected wetted perimeter of the river cross-
C. W=1.35 (Q)⅓ section?

D. W=4.75(Q)⅓ A. 23-75 m

(APPSC-2016) B. 2375 m
C. 237-5 m

Q4. Lacey gave a relation between D. 327-5 m

A. velocity and hydraulic mean depth (BPSC 2022)

B. area and velocity

C. Both A and B Q9. Following are the advantages of canal lining except

D. None of the above A.Control of seepage

(BPSC-2012) B.Prevention of water-logging

C.Reduction in maintenance cost

Q5. If Vo is the critical velocity of a channel, its silt D.Decrease in command area
transporting power, according to Kennedy is E.Increase in channel capacity
proportional to
(CGPSC 2014)
A. Vo1/2
B. Vo3/2
Q10. For the design of lined canal, the formula
C. Vo5/2 commonly used is
A. Kennedy’s formula D. Wetted perimeter increases with an increase in slit
factor.
B. Lacey’s formula
(GPSC-2018)
C. Manning’s formula
D. Lindley’s formula
Q15. A channel designed by Lacey’s theory has a mean
(GPSC-2017) velocity of 1 m/sec. If silt factor is unity, then hydraulic
mean radius will be

Q11. The most desirable alignment of an irrigation canal A. 1.5 m

is along B. 2 m
A. the ridge line C. 2.5 m
B. the contour line D. 1 m
C. the valley line (GPSC-2018)
D. None of the above
(GPSC-2017) Q16. Garret’s diagram is based on
A. Kennedy’s Theory
Q12. Which of the following conditions is not satisfying B. Lacey’s Theory
true regime condition as suggested by Lacey’s theory?
C. Khosla’s Theory
A. Discharge is constant
D. Bligh’s Theory
B. Flow is uniform
(GPSC-2019)
C. Silt grade and silt charge is variable
D. Soil is incoherent alluvium
Q17. Wetted Perimeter of a regime channel for a
(GPSC-2018) discharge of 100 cumecs as per Lacey’s theory will be
A. 4.75 m
B. 9.5 m
Q13. Pressure relief valves are provided in lined canal C. 47.5 m
when
D. 95.0 m
A. canal is in full cutting
(GPSC-2019)
B. canal is in full banking
C. canal is in partial cutting and banking
Q18. A channel designed by Lacey’s theory has a mean
D. canal is in barrel form in aqueduct velocity of 1 m/s. If the silt factor is 1, the hydraulic
(GPSC-2018) mean radius will b
A. 1.0 m
B. 0.5 m

Q14. As per the Lacey’s method for design of alluvial C. 2.0 m

channels, identify the TRUE statement from the D. 2.5 m
following :
(GPSC-2019)
A. Wetted perimeter increases with an increase in design
discharge.
B. Hydraulic radius increases with an increase in slit Q19.The salient limitations of an unlined canal are
factor.
(i) Silting of channels
C. Wetted perimeter decreases with an increase in design
discharge. (ii) Erosion of bed and banks
(iii) Seepage
(iv) Breaches in the channel (GPSC-2020)

A. (i) and (ii) Q23. A canal which is aligned at right angles to the
contour is called
B. (i) and (iii)
A. contour canal
C. (i), (ii) and (iii)
B. ridge canal
D. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
C. side slope canal
(GPSC-2020)
D. water shed canal
(GPSC-2020)
Q20. Garret's diagram used for the design of irrigation
channels contains
A. Discharge plotted on the X-axis, slope on the primary Q24. Garret’s diagram are based on
Y-axis while water depth in
A. Kennedy’s theory
the channel & critical velocity Vo on the secondary Y-
axis B. Lacey’s theory

B. Discharge plotted on the X-axis, critical velocity Vo C. Kholsa’s theory

on the primary Y-axis while D. Bligh’s theory
water depth in the channel & slope on the secondary Y- (GPSC-2020)
axis
C. Water depth plotted on the X-axis, slope on the
primary Y-axis while Discharge in Q25. Free board in lined canals is measure
the channel & critical velocity Vo on the secondary Y- between
axis
A. FSL and top of lining
D. Water depth plotted on the X-axis, critical velocity Vo
on the primary Y-axis while B. FSL and top of canal bank

Discharge in the channel & slope on the secondary Y- C. Top of lining and top of canal bank
axis. D. None of these
(GPSC-2020) (JPSC 2019)

Q21. Coefficient of Rugosity, as defined by Lacey, is Q26. The Garret's diagram are based on
dependent on
A. Lacey's theory
A. grade of the boundary material
B. Khosla's theory
B. density of the boundary material
C. Bligh's theory
C. grade and density of the boundary material
D. Kennedy's theory
D. grade, density and hydraulic mean depth of the
boundary material (JPSC 2019)
(GPSC-2020)
Q27. In an irrigation canal, berms are
Q22. Silt charge is defined as provided at
A. average size of silt particles A. Natural Surface Level
B. volume of silt particles flowing with unit volume of B. Full Supply Level
water
C. Bank Level
C. weight of silt per unit volume of water
D. None of these
D. weight of silt per unit discharge of water
(JPSC 2019)
 248. To carry a discharge 100 m3/s in a regime canal,
the perimeter from lacey&#39;s theory is about
Q28. A canal which is aligned at right angles to the
contours is called A. 47.5 m
A. Contour canal B. 30.0 m
B. Branch canal C. 17.6 m
C. Watershed canal D. 10.0 m
D. None of the above (MPPSC-2014)
(JPSC 2022)
258. According to Lacey’s theory of channel design,
what will be the velocity of flow in
Q29. Kennedy found the Upper Bari Doab canals
the channel corresponding to a discharge of 140 cumec
A. to be the most economical and silt factor 1.0 ?
B. having the highest specific discharge A. 1,0 m/s
C. having the highest critical velocity ratio B. 1.2 m/s
D. to be non-silting and non-scouring C. 2.0 m/s
(GPSC-2020) D. 2.2 m/s
(MPPSC-2021)
202. Irrigation canals are generally aligned along
A. Contourline 259. As per Kennedy’s theory of design of canal, if the
B. Watershed depth of water in the canal is 1.0 m, which of the
following will be value of critical velocity, if the critical
C. Straightline velocity ratio is 1.0 ?
D. Valleyline A. 1 m/sec
(KPSC 2016) B. 0.55 m/sec
C. 0.64 m/sec
206 . Lacey’s formula for fixation of waterway is D. 2.0 m/sec
A. V=0.55 y^0.64 (MPPSC-2021)
B. P=4.75√Q
C. Q=KAi 261. The ultimate width to which an alluvial river can be
constructed may be computed
D. Q=AV
from which of the following relations ? (where L =
(KPSC 2016) Width of river in m Q = Estimated Max-discharge in
cumecs)

214. A channel aligned nearly parallel to the contours of A. L = 4.75√Q

the country is called B. L = 4.75Q^⅓
____________. C. L = 3.75VQ
A:-Ridge canal D. L = 4.8Q^⅓
B:-Watershed canal (MPPSC-2021)
C:-Contour canal
D:-Side slope canal 262. The scour velocity of the stream is the
(KPSC 2017) A. Average velocity
B. Maximum velocity at any time during the year
C. Velocity which can move the particles of bed A. Natural canals
materials
B. Ditch canals
D. Velocity at which a highway bridge is liable to be
damaged C. Seasonal canals

(MPSC-2017) D. Inundation canals

(MPSC-2015)

267. A channel designed by Lacey&#39;s theory has a

mean velocity of one m/s. The silt factor is unity. The 297. As per Lacey&#39;s theory, the silt factor is
hydraulic mean radius will be
A. Directly proportional to average particle size
A. 2.5 m
B. Directly proportional to square root of average
B. 2.0 m particle size
C. 1.0 m C. Inversely proportional to average particle size
D. 0.5 m D. Not related to average particle size
(MPSC-2017) (MPSC-2015)

270. The channel after obtaining its section and 307. The critical shear stress 7, at which incipient
longitudinal slope will be said to be in motion of sediment takes place, is
A. Initial regime proportional to grain size das
B. Permanent regime A. d
C. Final regime B. d
D. Absolute regime C. d²
(MPSC-2017) D. d³/2
(MPSC-2015)
280. Lacey gave V-Q-frelation as
A. V=[Qf^2/160]^¼ 312. According to Kennedy, the critical velocity (Vo) in
B. V=[Qf^2/140]^¼ meters in a channel is the mean velocity which keeps the
channel free from silting and scouring. Its value is given
C. V=[fQ^2/160]^¼ by
D. V=[Qf^2/140]^⅙ A. Vo=0.84mD^0.64
(MPSC-2017) B. Vo=0.55mD^0.64
C. Vo=0.84mD^0.54
289. A canal aligned approximately parallel to the D. Vo=0.55mD^0.54
natural drainage of a Contour is called
(MPSC 2018)
A. Side slope canal
Where, m is the critical velocity ratio and D is the depth
B. Contour canal of the channel.
C. Watershed canal
D. Ridge canal 313. V and R are the regime mean velocity and
hydraulic mean depth respectively in meters.
(MPSC-2014)
Lacey’s silt factor is
A. 2V^2/√3R
294. Canals which are excavated directly from the rivers
with or without head regulator are B. 3V^2/4R
called C. 5V^2/2R
D. 2V^2/5R C. Equal for all discharge
(MPSC 2018) D. May be equal or more for canal
carrying more discharge
314. Regime conditions in a channel may occur if (NPSC-2016)
A. Discharge is constant
B. Channel flows uniformly in incoherent alluvium as 344. The force exerted by the following water on the
transported in suspension sediment particles to cause their motion, is called:
C. Silt grade and silt charge are constant A. Buoyant force
D. All of these B. Tractive force
(MPSC 2018) C. Kinematic force
D. Eddy force
322. The difference in level between the top of a bank (NPSC-2016)
and supply level in a canal, is called
A. berm
B. free board
345. The Garrets diagram are based on :
C. height of bank
A. Laceys theory
D. none of these
B. Khosla theory
(NPSC-2015)
C. Blighs theory
D. Kennedy theory
324. Retrogression of the bed level of a river
downstream a weir, occurs due to (NPSC-2016)

A. heavy impact of water

B. increase of the bed level 350. A triangular line canal section with corners rounded
by a radius equal to the full supply
C. less percentage of silt
depth of 4 m, is likely to have its hydraulic radius as:
D. soft soil strata
A. 4m
(NPSC-2015)
C. 3m
B. 2m
232. For a discharge of 100 cumec to flow at a depth 5.0
m in a rectangular horizontal channel, the width should D. 5m
be as per Lacey’s formulae (NPSC-2016)
A. 37.5 m
B. 47.5 m
C. 10.0 m
D. 20.0 m
(KPSC 2016,2017)

343. The earthen irrigation canal when aligned

curvilinear in plan, must be on gentle curve. This
adopted curve radius should be:
A. Less for canal carrying more discharge
B. More for canal carrying more discharge
 CHAPTER 05 (GPSC-2017)

ANALYSIS OF GRAVITY DAM

Q6. A filter is provided at the d/s toe of an earth dam
Q1. A gravity dam obtains its stability from
A. to prevent the piping action in the dam section
A. unit weight
B. to reduce the seepage through the dam
B. self-weight
C. to reduce the uplift pressure on the dam
C. dry density
D. to collect and drain out the seepage water
D. reinforcements
(GPSC-2017)
(APSC-2020)

Q7. In Gravity dam, the ______ acts in a direction

Q2. The main overturning force in gravity dam is the opposite to the acceleration
A. weight of the dam imparted by earthquake forces and is equal to the
B. water pressure product of the mass and the

C. wind pressure acceleration

D. uplift pressure A. Inertia force

(BPSC-2012) B. Hydrodynamic force

C. Uplift force

Q3. When the reservoir is full, the maximum D. Wave pressure

compressive forces in a gravity dam is produced (GPSC-2017)
A. at the toe
B. at the heel
C. within the middle third of the base Q8. In Gravity dam, the factor of safety against
D. at the centre of base overturning should not be less

(BPSC 2018) than

A. 1.15

Q4. The appropriate value of estimated average life (in B. 1.5

years) of a dam reservoir C. 1.8
A.25 D. 2
B.50 (GPSC-2017)
C.75
D.100 Q9. In reservoir, the volume of water below the
E.150 minimum pool level is known as

(CGPSC 2014) A. Dead storage

B. Surcharge storage

Q5. Uplift on the base is not an important design factor C. Valley storage
in case of D. Useful storage
A. Arch dams (GPSC-2017)
B. Gravity dams
C. Earthen dams Q10. The force considered for the analysis of an
D. Buttress dams elementary profile of a gravity dam under empty
reservoir condition is
A. uplift pressure A.Canal
B. water pressure B.Pond.
C. self weight C.Reservior
D. earthquake pressure D.Still pocket
(GPSC-2019) (KPSC 2016)

Q11. The margin between the maximum reservoir level 209. The type of dam which requires least maintenance
and top of the dam is known as is
A. Spillway A:-concrete dam
B. Free Board B:-gravity dam
C. Inspection Roadway C:-timber dam
D. Berm D:-rockfill dam
(GPSC-2020) (KPSC 2017)

Q12. When the reservoir is full, the maximum 210. The major overturning force in the case of gravity
compressive force in a gravity dam is produced dam
A. At the toe A:-self-weight
B. At the heel or at centre of base B:-water pressure
C. Within the middle third of the base C:-silt pressure
D. None of the above D:-wind pressure
(JPSC 2022) (KPSC 2017)

Q13. The level difference between the dam and the 220. For no tension to develop in a gravity dam of base
water level is known as width b, the eccentricity should be
A. Hydraulic margin A:-greater than b/3
B. Pitch B:-less than b/3
C. Delta C:-less than b/6
D. Free Board D:-greater than b/6
(KPSC 2015) (KPSC 2019)

192. To prevent over tapping of a dam during the period 244. The useful storage is the volume of water stored in
of peak flood, a sufficient margin is left between FRL the reservoir between
and the top of the Dam is known as
A. minimum pool level and maximum pool level
A. Dead storage
B. minimum pool level and normal pool level
B. Free board
C. river bed level and normal pool level
C. Live storage
D. river bed level and maximum pool level
D. Spillway
(MPPSC-2014)
(KPSC 2015)

245. trap efficiency of a reservoir is a function of

204. A large artificial lake created by constructing a dam
across the river is called A. outflow/inflow ratio
B. capacity/inflow ratio B. steady seepage
C. capacity/outflow ratio C. during construction
D. all of these is correct D. sloughing of slope
(MPPSC-2014) (MPSC-2017)

252. Small hydroelectric project generates power 296. In a homogenous earth dam without d/s horizontal
filter, portion of the d/s face through
A.< 25 MW
which seepage flow comes out is
B.<100 MW
A. Stream line
C.<550 MW
B. Equipotential line
D.<1000 MV
C. Neither a stream line nor an equipotential line
(MPPSC-2014)
D. Both A. and B.
(MPSC-2015)
253. The ratio of the peak load to the installed capacity
of the plant is known as
A. Load factor 304. As per the middle third rule, for concrete gravity
dams with base width b, eccentricity e
B. Plant factor
should be less than or equal to (b/6) for
C. Utilization factor
A. No sliding to occur
D. All the options are correct
B. No overturning to occur
(MPPSC-2014)
C. No tension to develop
D. None of these
257. In case of gravity dam, the water pressure acts at a
distance of (MPSC-2015)
(where h^ - height of water in metre)
A. 1/8h^ from still water surface 306. In a homogenous embankment type of earth dam,
the phreatic line is kept well within the body of the dam
B. 3/8h^ from still water surface by
C. 1/4h^ from still water surface A. Providing proper u/s slope protection
D. 1/3 h^ from still water surface B. Providing proper d/s slope protection
(MPPSC-2021) C. Suitably increasing the top width
D. Providing horizontal drainage filter at the d/s face
273. This type of dam requires strong abutment: (MPSC-2015)
A. Gravity
B. Buttress 333. …………is a rigid dam
C. Arch A. Gravity dam
D. All above B. Earth dam
(MPSC-2017) C. Arch dam
D. Butruss dam
276. For the upstream face of an earthen dam, the most (NPSC-2015)
adverse condition for stability of slope
is:
A. sudden drawdown
334. The lower limit of factor of safety against (BPSC-2012)
overturning in a gravity dam is
A. 1.25
Q3. An artesian aquifer is the one whose
B. 1.5
A. water surface under the ground is at atmospheric
C. 1.75 pressure
D. 2.0 B. water is under pressure between two impervious
(NPSC-2015) C. is independent of the depth. of d/s cut-off walls strata
D. None of the above
335. For no tension to develop in a gravity dam the (BPSC-2012)
resultant of all the forces should always lie
A. At the centre of the base
Q4. When the bed level of canal is
B. Within the downstream third portion
higher than the highest flood level (HFL) of discharge,
C. Within the upstream third portion then the Cross discharge work is said to be
D. Within the middle third portion of the A. aqueduct
(NPSC-2015) B. super-passage
C. canal syphon
336. In a gravity dam leakage through the joints is D. under tunnel
prevented by providing
(BPSC 2018)
A. Infiltration galleries
B. Leakage galleries
Q5. The bed of canal is lowered in
C. Keys
case of
D. Water slopes
A. syphon aqueduct
(NPSC-2015,2016)
B. canal syphon
CHAPTER 06 C. level crossing
CONVEYENCE AND REGULATING D. All of the above.

STRUCTURE FOR CANAL (BPSC 2018)

Q1.When high flood level of the drain is below the

bottom of the canal, so that drainage of the water flows Q6. Cross regulators are provided
freely under gravity, the structure is known as
A. to rise the water level to its upstream during the
A. Aqueduct periods of low discharge in parent channel
B. Super passage B. to help in closing the supply to downstream of the
C. Syphon aqueduct parent channel

D. Inverted syphon C. to absorb fluctuations in sections of the various

channel systems.
(APPSC-2016)
D. All of the above.
(BPSC 2018)
Q2. The most suitable location of a canal headwork is
A. boulder stage of the river
Q7 .Select the correct statement from the following
B. delta stage of the river
A. The canal flows below the drain in aqueduct and
C. rock stage of the river syphon aqueduct, and the canal flows above the drain in
super syphon. passage and
D. trough stage of the river
B. The drain flows below the canal in aqueduct and C. Canal syphon
syphon aqueduct, and the drain flows above the canal in
super passage and syphon. D. Super passage

C. It is engineer's choice to let the drain flow above or (GPSC-2017)

below the canal in aqueduct and syphon aqueduct and
also in super passage and syphon.
Q12. In a canal syphon, flow is
D. The above statements are wrong
A. under atmospheric pressure
(BPSC 2022)
B. pipe flow only
C. with critical velocity
Q8. An irrigation canal, freely flowing under a drainage
channel is specifically called D. under negative pressure
A.Canal junction (GPSC-2017)
B.Canal crossing
C.Canal siphon Q13. A ______ is an irrigation structure constructed
across a canal to lower down
D.Super passage
its water level and destroy the surplus energy liberated
E.Aqueduct from the falling water
(CGPSC 2014) which may otherwise scour the bed and banks of the
canal

Q9 . A geological formation which does not yield water A. Canal falls

freely to the well is called as B. Head regulator
A.Aquifer C. Canal escape
B.Aquifuse D. Canal outlets
C.Aquiclude (GPSC-2017)
D.Aquitard
E.Pearched aquifer Q14.A pipe is said to be siphon if
(CGPSC 2014) A. it can operate without external powers
B. it has sub atmospheric pressure in it
Q10. Granite rock, which is negligibly porous and C. it can discharge a liquid at a fast rate
highly impermeable and hence neither contains nor
yields ground water is an example of D. the exit is at a lower than the inlet
A.Aquifer (GPSC-2019)
B.Aquifuse
C.Aquiclude Q15. The Super Passage is a hydraulic
D.Aquitard structure
E.Pearched aquifer A. in which the natural stream passes over the irrigation
canal
(CGPSC 2014)
B. in which the irrigation canal passes over the natural
stream
Q11. Type of cross drainage work which is used when C. which carries water from a source to a distribution
F.S.L of the canal is above point far away
the drainage bed level D. which connects two aqueducts
A. Aqueduct (GPSC-2020)
B. Syphon aqueduct
Q16. In a canal, a cistern element is designed on the D. None of the above
A. upstream side of a fall to absorb the shock of the (GPSC-2020)
returning wave
B. upstream side of a fall to prevent the damage to the
bed and sides due to undesirable scour Q21. The volume of water that can be extracted by force
of gravity from a unit volume of aquifer material is
C. downstream of a fall to dissipate the kinetic energy called
and prevent the damage to the bed and sides due to
undesirable scour A. Specific retention

D. downstream of a fall to divert the flow B. Specific yield

(GPSC-2020) C. Specific storage

D. Specific capacity

Q17. Which of the following formations does not (GPSC-2020)

contain any groundwater?
A. Aquifer Q22. A canal headwork has nothing to do with a
B. Aquifuge A. weir
C. Aquitard B. guide bank
D. Aquiclude C. head regulator
(GPSC-2020) D. safety ladder
(GPSC-2020)
Q18. A geological formation which may contain water
but is essentially impermeable to the flow of water
through it is known as Q23. Cross-regulators in main canals are provided to
A. Aquifer A. regulate water supply in the off-taking channel
B. Aquifuge B. regulate water supply in the main channel
C. Aquitard C. regulate excessive flood water
D. Aquiclude D. head up water for adequate supply into the offtaking
channel
(GPSC-2020)
(GPSC-2020)

Q19. The main function of canal drop as a control

structure is to Q24. The geological formation which does not yield
water freely to wells due to lesser permeability although
A. control the flow depth seepage is possible through it is called
B. control the bed grade A. Aquifuge
C. control the discharge B. Aquitard
D. remove the excess water from the canal C. Aquiclude
(GPSC-2020) D. Aquifer
(GPSC-2022)
Q20. When the HFL of the drain is sufficiently below
the bottom of the canal, so that the drainage water flows
freely under gravity, the structure is known as _______ Q25. Which of the following is not a part of diversion
headwork?
A. Aqueduct
A. Weir & Barrage
B. Super-passage
B. Fish-ladder
C. Level Crossing
C. Silt excluder
D. Dam A. Super-passage
(HPSC-2018) B. Level crossing
C. Aqueduct
Q26. Why is it required to provide a cross regulator on a D. Inlets and outlets
main canal?
(JPSC 2019)
A. to let maximum silt be carried into the branch canal
B. to minimize the amount of silt entering the branch
canal Q31. Specific capacity of a well Options:

C. to minimize the evaporation losses A. Decreases with the diameter

D. to carry the canal across the drain B. Increases with the discharge rate

(HPPSC-2015) C. Varies linearly with the drawdown

D. Decreases with time from the start of pumping
E. Is the same for all wells irrespective of their design

Q27. In a cross drainage work, when canal is above the (CGPSC 2014)
drain, such cross drainage work is called …..
A Aqueduct Q32. The maximum quantity of water that can be
B Level crossing supplied from a reservoir with full guarantee during
critical periods is called
C Super passage
A. Reservoir Yield
D Syphon Aqueduct
B. Design Yield
(HPPSC-2018)
C. Secondary Yield
D. Firm Yield
Q28. Cross-regulators in main canals are provided to
(GPSC-2020)
A. regulate water supply in the off taking channel.
B. regulate water supply in the main channel.
Q33. What are bed bars?
C. regulate excessive flood water.
A. They are iron rods placed on the bed of canal to
D. head up water for adequate supply ensure smooth flow in the canal
into the off-taking channel. B. They are small sediment island like deposits formed
on the bed of the canal
(JPSC 2019)
C. They are constructed, at suitable intervals, along an
unlined canal so as to serve permanent reference marks
Q29. The main function of a diversion head works of a D. They are very large islands formed on the bed of
canal from a river is rivers
A. to raise water level. (BPSC 2022)
B. to control floods.
C. to store water.
D. to remove silt.
(JPSC 2019)

Q30. The type of cross drainage work to be

provided when a canal passes over the
drainage is
 CHAPTER 07 B. Thiem’s equation
C. Dupuit’s equation
THEORIES OF SEEPAGE
D. Bligh’s theory
(MPPSC-2021)
Q1. According to Khosla, the exit gradient of surface
flow
A. depends upon the B/D ratio 275. In Bligh Creep Theory [L/H] is called as
B. is independent of the B/D ratio A. Creep Length
C. water table serves as upper surface of zone of B. Hydraulic Gradient
saturation
C. Coefficient of Creep
D. None of the above.
D. Percolation Coefficient
(MPSC-2017)
Q2. Khosla's theory of dependent variables is used in the
design of
A A. Weirs and barrages 302. According to Khosla’s theory, the undermining of
the floor starts from the
B. (ii) Cross regulators and head regulators
A. Tail end
(iii) Modules
B. Starting end
C. Both A. and (ii) above
C. Intermediate point
D. All (i), (ii) and (iii) above
D. Foundation bed
(CGPSC 2014)
(MPSC-2015)

Q3. According to khosla theory, the exit gradient in the

absence of down stream 308. Bligh’s creep theory assumes that

cut-off is A. The percolation water creep is along the contact of

the base profile of the apron with
A. zero
the subsoil
B. unity
B. The percolation water creep is in a straight path under
C. infinity the floor
D. very large C. The percolation water creep is in a straight path under
the foundation
(GPSC-2017)
D. None of the above
(MPSC-2015,2018)
255. Select the incorrect statement
A. Intensive irrigation should be avoided in areas
susceptible to water logging
B. Extensive irrigation should be adopted in areas
susceptible to water logging
C. Lift irrigation increases water logging
D. All of these
(MPPSC-2014,2021)

256. The equilibrium equation for steady flow in a

confined aquifer is popularly known as
A. Lacey’s equation
 CHAPTER 08
Q5. The earthen embankments constructed parallel to
RIVER ENGINEERING
the river at some suitable distance for protection from
flooding, are called

Q1. Silt excluders are constructed while silt ejectors are A. Groynes
constructed
B. Guide banks
A. on the river bed, on the diversion headworks
C. Levees
B. on the river bed, on the bed of the off taken canal
D. Terraces
C. on the bed of the off taken canal, on the bed of the
(GPSC-2017)
river
D. on the bed of the off taken canal, on the river bed
Q6. The meander pattern of a river is developed by
(BPSC 2022)
A. average discharge
B. dominant discharge
Q2. Which of the following meters is used in river flow
measurement? C. maximum discharge
A. Acoustic velocimeter D. critical discharge
B. Electromagnetic velocimeter (GPSC-2020), (JPSC 2022)
C. Pygmy current meter
D. All of the above Q7. Which is the Flood control reservoir from the
following?
(BPSC 2022)
A. Detention basin
B. Dam
Q3. Meander ratio in an alluvial meandering river is
given by C. Weir
A.(meander length/meander width) D. Barrage
B.(meander length/meander width)x100 (HPSC-2018)
C.(meander belt/meander length)
D.(meanderwidth)/(meanderlength-meander width) Q8. The 'Meander length for an alluvial river is
E.(meanderlength-meanderwidth)/(meander width) A. the total channel length along its looped course.
(CGPSC 2014) B. the total channel length minus the direct straight
length.
C. the axial length of one meander.
Q4. Permeable spurs are best suitable for rivers which
D. None of these
A.carry heavy suspended load
(JPSC 2019)
B.carry large bed load, but light suspended load
C.need permanent protection of dikes
Q9. The type of structure built or natural evolved
D.need attracting the river current, for providing deeper
parallel to the shoreline are designed to protect harbors
channles
from waves is known as
E.flow in upper hilly reaches
A. Sea walls
(CGPSC 2014)
B. Groin
C. Jetties B:-Meander length and half width of the river
D. Breakwaters C:-Curved length and the straight distance

(JPSC 2019) D:-None of these.

(KPSC 2017,2019)

Q10. 195 .Groynes are:

221. A head regulator is provided
A. The structures constructed parallel to the direction of
flow and extend both upstream and A:-across the river where a canal takes off
downstream abutments. B:-across the canal when it takes off from a river
B. The structure constructed transverse to river flow and C:-when the canal is to be taken above the river
extent from bank to river.
D:-none of the above
C.The irrigation work constructed on canal for passage
of water. (KPSC 2019)

D. None of the above.

(KPSC 2015) 226. A river turning work is generally
required when the river is

Q11. Stoke’s law is applicable for spheres of diameter A. all when river was full
ranging between B. meandering
A. 0.002 to 0.0002 mm C. aggrading
B. 0.2 to 0.0002 mm D. degrading

C. 0.02 to 0.0002 mm (KPSC 2016)

D. 2 to 0.02 mm
233. The main function of a diversion head works of a
(GPSC-2018) canal from a river is to
A. Remove silt
212. Gibbs module is a type of B. Control floods
A:-non-modular outlet C. Store water
B:-semi module outlet D. Raise water level
C:-rigid module outlet (KPSC 2017)
D:-none of these
(KPSC 2017) 236. Cross regulators in main canals are provided
A. To regulate water supply in the
217. Groynes are generally built distributaries
A:-Perpendicular to the bank B. To increase water head upstream when a main canal
B:-Inclined up stream up to 30° is running with low supplies

C:-Inclined down stream up to 30° C. To overflow excessive flow water

D:-All the above D. None of the above

(KPSC 2017) (KPSC 2017)

218. The sinuosity of a meander is the ratio of 239. A waste weir is a structure which serves the
purpose of
A:-Meander length and the width of meander
A. preventing wastage of water
B. safe passage of water flowing into a tank when it is (MPPSC-2014)
full.
C. allowing water into the canal.
277. Mean Water Training means:
D. All of the above
A. Training for discharge
(KPSC 2018)
B. Training for depth
C. Training for sediment
246.Which one of the following is not a function of
under sluices in a weir D. Training for flood

A. to control silt entry into the canal (MPSC-2017)

B. to pass the normal discharge without operating the

shutter gates of the weir 279. The main cause of meandering is :
C. to regulate the supply of water entering into the canal A. presence of an excessive bed slope in the river.
D. to scour the silt deposited in the river bed above the B. degradation.
approach channel
C. the extra turbulence generated by the
(MPPSC-2014)
excess of river sediment during floods.
D. none of the above.
249. Which of the following canal structures is used to
remove surplus water from a canal into a natural drain (MPSC-2017)
A canal regulator
B canal fall 293. In an attracting groyne, the axis of the groyne (w.r.t
the river flow direction) makes with the bank
C canal outlet
A. An acute angle
D canal escape
B. An obtuse angle
(MPPSC-2014,2017)
C. A right angle
D. An angle of 180°
251. Pick up the correct sequence of the parts of a canal
system (MPSC-2015)
A. Main canal-distributary-branch canal-head works-
minor
295. Which of the following is not a component of the
B. Head works-main canal-branch canal-distributary- diversion headwork?
minor
A. Fish ladder
C. Head works-main canal-branch canal-minor-
distributary B. Divide wall

D. Head works-branch canal-main canal-distributary- C. Head regulator

minor D. Spillway
(MPPSC-2014) (MPSC-2015)

254. Select the correct statement 298. For effective control of silt entry into the canal, the
A. A meander increase the river length but a cut off sill of the head regulator should be
reduces the river length A. Below the sill of the under sluices
B. A cut-off increases the river length but a meander B. Above the sill of the under sluices
reduces the river length
C. At the same level as the sill of under sluices
C. Both meander and cut-off increases the river length
D. At the maximum flood level
D. Both meander and cut-off decrease the river length
(MPSC-2015)
299. The foundation of a weir consists of a horizontal 325. The crest level of a canal diversion head work,
floor of length 30m, a u/s pile of depth 8m and a d/s pile depends upon
of depth 12m. the creep length according to
Bligh&#39;s theory is A. F.S.L. of the canal

A. 50 m B. discharge perimeters

B. 70 m C. pond level

C. 90 m D. all of these

D. 110 m (NPSC-2015)

(MPSC-2015)
347. In an irrigation canal berms are provided

301. The purpose of the end sill in the silting basin of a A. NSL
hydraulic jump type energy dissipater is B. FFL
A. To increase the tail water depth C. Bank level
B. To reduce the length of the jump and control scour D. Above bank level
C. To counteract the uplift on the floor (NPSC-2016)
D. To dissipate the energy by impact action
(MPSC-2015)

309. Cross drainage works are not required when the

canal is completely
A. A ridge canal
B. A contour canal
C. Side slope canal
D. Carrier canal
(MPSC-2018)

316. Meandering pattern of a river a river is developed

by
A. Average discharge
B. Dominant discharge
C. Maximum discharge
D. Critical dischage
(NPSC-2015)

323. Attracting groynes are built

A. perpendicular to the bank
B. inclined down stream
C. inclined up stream
D. none of these
(NPSC-2015)
 CHAPTER 09 A. temporary structure built to enclose an area for
excavation of foundation
DAMS, RESERVIOUR, SPILLWAYS &
B. temporary structures built to divert the water
ENERGY DESSIPATOR
C. permanent structure built to enclose an area for
excavation of foundation
Q1. Which of the following weirs is not classified on the D. small dam constructed across a drainage ditch, swale,
basis of shape of ill the opening? or channel to lower the velocity of flow
A. Rectangular weir (GPSC-2020)
B. Cipolletti weir
C. Ogee-shaped weir Q6. Trap efficiency of a reservoir is a function of
D. Triangular weir A. capacity / inflow ratio
(APSC-2015) B. capacity / outflow ratio
C. outflow / inflow ratio
Q2. In a barrage, the crest level is kept D. inflow / outflow ratio
A. high with large gate (GPSC-2020)
B. low with large gate
C. high with no gate
D. low with no gate Q7. A Check Dam is a
(BPSC-2012) A. small dam to check the floods
B. small dam to counteract erosion by reducing water
flow velocity water storage structure
Q3. The ratio of total deposited sediment in reservoir to
the total sediment inflow over a period is C. river training structure
A. Surcharge D. water storage structure
B. Bed load factor (GPSC-2020)
C. Displacement efficiency
D. Trap efficiency Q8. The structure created across the river is
(GPSC-2018) A. Weir
B. Barrage
Q4. A linear reservoir is one in which C. Fish-ladder
A. Storage varies linearly with time D.Divide wall
B. Storage varies linearly with outflow rate (HPSC-2018)
C. Storage varies linearly with inflow rate
D. Storage varies linearly with elevation Q9. For which purpose coffer-dam is to be constructed?
(GPSC-2018) (B) A. To support the structure
B. To remove water
Q5. Cofferdam is a C. To support scaffolding
D. To carry the structural load
(HPSC-2018) C. By both A. and B. together
D. None of these
Q10. If a river in alluvial plain has a dominant discharge (JPSC 2019)
of 2025 m³/sec,should be the waterway for a bridge on
the river?
178. Which type of fall can be generally used for a
A. 285 m moderate discharge of 40-50 cum and a low fall heights
B. 304 m of 1 to 1.5m?
A. Vertical drop fall
C. 405 m
B. Ogee fall
D. 215 m
C. Glacis fall
(HPPSC-2015)
D. Baffle wall
(JKPSC-2020)
Q11. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct
answer using the codes given
189. The purpose of cross drainage works is to capital
below the lists:
A. Takes a roadway over a drain
B. Takes a railway over a drain
C. Takes a canal across a drain
D. Control the entry of silt in the drain
(KPSC 2015)

A.B.C.D.
193. Canal escaps are
A. C.D.B.A.
A. Structures constructed to dispose of excess water
B. A.D.C.B. from the canals to natural drains

C. C.D.A.B. B. Vertical steep in the channel bed

D. A.B.C.D. C. An irrigation structures constructed for passing the

canal water over the drainage
(HPPSC-2015)
D none of the above
(KPSC 2015)
Q12. A dam reservoir, not provided with gate controls
on its spillway and other sluices, is called a
197. Weirs are constructed on permeable foundation are
A. Detention basin likely to fail due to

B. Storage reservoir A.Piping or uplift

C. Retarding basin B.Cracking

C.Crushing
D. All of these
D.Siliding
(JPSC 2019)
(KPSC 2016)

Q13.The capacity of a storage reservoir can be decided

by using 201. When the bed level of the canal level higher than
the highest bed level of the drainage,the cross drainage
A. The mass curve of inflow work is

B. The mass curve of outflow A. Aqueduct

B. Super Passage B. river bed level is above the FSL of canal
C. Cause way C. canal bed level is in between the bed level and HFL
of river
D. Level crossing
D. river bed level is in between the bed level and FSL of
(KPSC 2016) canal
(MPPSC-2014)
207. The break water is provided
A:-In artificial harbour 263. The bridge structure having a gross length of 6 m
B:-With arm or less between the faces of the

C:-Both of the above abatement or extreme vintage boundaries is known as

D:-None of the above A. Causeway

(KPSC 2016) C. Short span bridge

B. Culvert

211. The most common type of spillway used in gravity D. None of the above
dam is (MPSC-2017)
A: Ogee spillway
B:-Siphon spillway 269. In case of non-availability of space due to
C:-Side channel spillway topography, the most suitable spillway is

D:-None of these A. Straight drop spillway

(KPSC 2017) B. Shaft spillway

C. Chute spillway

216. When a canal is carried over a natural drainage, the D. Ogee spillway
structure provided, is known as (MPSC-2017)
A:-Syphon
B:-Aqueduct 271. In design of spillway when H = Ha, the value of is
C:-Super passage A. 1.00
D:-Syphon-aqueduct B. 1.33
(KPSC 2017) C. 2.00
D. 2.20
(MPSC-2017)
223. When a canal and a drainage approach each other at
the same level, the structure so
278. In spillway, when the tail water depth is less than
provided, is the sequent depth and river bed is
A. An aqueduct composed of stiff rock, which one of the following
B. A level crossing energy dissipation device is preferred?

C. A syphon A. Solid roller bucket

D. Inlet and outlet B. Slotted roller bucket

(KPSC 2015) C. Ski jump bucket

D. Stilling basin

247. An aqueduct is provided where (MPSC-2017)

A. canal bed level is above the HFL in river

311. The structure constructed to allow drainage water to
flow under pressure through an
inverted syphon below a canal, is called
A. Syphon
B. Super passage
C. Super aquaduct
D. Syphon aquaduct
(MPSC-2018)
 CHAPTER 10 (GPSC-2020)

MISCELLANEOUS
85. The vertical hydraulic conductivity of the top soil at
146. What is the total storage capacity of small dam? certain stage is 0.2 cm/hr. A storm of intensity 0.5 cm/h
A. Between 10 & 50 million m^3 occurs over the soil for an indefinite period. Assuming
the surface drainage to be adequate, the infiltration rate
A. Between 0.5 & 10 million m^3 after the storm has lasted for a very long time shall be
C. Greater than 50 million m^3 A. < 0.2 cm/hr
D. Greater than 60 million m^3 B. 0.2 cm/hr
(HPSC-2018) C. between 0.2 and 0.5 cm/hr
D. 0.5 cm/hr
140. In ground water studies, recuperating test is (GPSC-2018)
preferred to pumping test when
A. it becomes difficult to adjust the rate of pumping so
as to keep the well water level constant 86. A catchment consists of 35 % area with runoff
coefficient 0.45 with the remaining
B. the time taken by the water to regain its normal level
in the well is very high 65 % area with runoff coefficient 0.55. The equivalent
runoff coefficient will be
C. the time taken by the water to regain its normal level
in the well is very low A. 0.505

D. the aquifer contains mainly alluvial soils B. 0.515

(GPSC-2022) C. 0.500
D. 0.450

141. Well yield per unit of drawdown is called the (GPSC-2018)

A. specific capacity of a well

B. discharge of a well 74. Which of the following is not the characteristic of
green building?
C. storage coefficient of an artesian aquifer
A. Use of natural light and ventilation
D. discharge coefficient of an well
B. Solar PV Panels at roof
(GPSC-2022)
C. Roof top rainwater harvesting
D. Use of material with high thermal conductivity
123. L. K. Sherman propounded the theory for
(GPSC-2018)
A. Exit gradient
B. Regime canal
C. Unit hydrograph
31. Which of the following hydraulic units is used for
D. Boundary Layer transmitting increased or decreased torque to the driven
shaft?
(GPSC-2020)
A. Hydraulic ram
B. Hydraulic intensifier
113. ____________ plays an important part in
completion of the hydrological cycle C. Hydraulic torque converter
A. Coriolis Force D. Hydraulic accumulator.
B. Frictional Force (BPSC 2018)
C. Buoyant Force
D. Air-Resistance Force
 381. Phytometer method is used for
A. Infiltration
B. Evaporation
1. Methods of Irrigation C. Transpiration
D. Evapotranspiration
362. Canals constructed to give (NPSC-2016)
employment to the people during
famines are called
A. permanent canals
B. inundation canals 391. For irrigation purposes, the p-H
C. productive canals value of water should be
D. protective canals. A. Between 3 and 6
(NPSC-2016) B. Between 6 and 8.5
C. Between 8.5 and 11
369.Minor irrigation serves D. Move than 11
A. 20 hectares only (NPSC-2017)
B. upto 500 hectares
C. upto 1000 hectares 401. Lacey assumed that silt is kept in
D. upto 2000 hectares. suspension because of the normal
(NPSC-2016 components of eddies generated from
the
370. Penman's equation is based on A. Bed only
A. energy budgeting only B. Side only
B. energy budgeting and water C. Whole perimeter
budgeting D. None of these
C. energy budgeting and mass (NPSC-2017)
transfer
D. water budgeting and mass transfer. 405. The need growth in a canal leads
(NPSC-2016) to
A. Increase in discharge
371. A stilling well is required when B. Decrease in discharge
the stage measurement is made by C. Decrease in silting
employing D. Increase in velocity of flow
A. Bubble gauge (NPSC-2017)
B. Float guage recorder
C. Vertical staff gauge 405. Which of the following statement
D. inclined staff gauge. is wrong?
(NPSC-2016) A. Seepage drains reduces the
chance of
373. Lift irrigation does't includes water logging
A. Doon B. The water table generally follows
B. Deep tube wells the ground surface above it with a few
C. Mote exceptions
D. Indundation Irrigation C. At the water table the hydrostatic
(NPSC-2016) pressure is zero
D. Water logging makes the land more D. None of these
productive (NPSC 2017)
(NPSC-2017)
411. A sudden fall of level of ground
407. Which of the following statement along the alignment of a canal joined
is correct? by an inclined bed is called a
A. Lacey's equation includes A. Rapid fall
concentration of silt as variable a B. cylinder fall
B. Lacey's properly define the silt C. pipe fall
grade and silt charge D. Glacis fall
C. In lacey's silt theory the derivation (NPSC 2017)
of the various formulae depends upon
a singe factor 'f' 412. In a barrage, crest level is kept
D. Lacey introduced semi-ellipse as A. Low with large gates
ideal shape of a regime channel B. High with large gates
(NPSC-2017) C. High with small gates
D. Low with small gages
(NPSC 2017)

431. The main cause of silting up a

408. Lacey gave a relation between channel:
A. Velocity and hyraulic mean depth A. Defective outlets
B. Area and velocity B. Inadequate slope
C. Both A. and B. C. Defective head regulator
D. None of these D. All of these
(NPSC-2017) (OPSC 2020)

409. Distributary head regulators are

provided 432. The most suitable location of a
A. To control the supplies to the off- canal head work, is:
taking channel A. Boulders stage of the river
B. To control the silt entry in the off- B. Delta stage of the river
taking C. Rock stage of the river
canal D. Trough stage of the river
C. To stop the supply when not (OPSC 2020)
needed, in the off-taking canal
D. All of the above 435. If the irrigation efficiency is 80%,
(NPSC 2017) conveyance losses are 20% and the
actual depth of watering is 16 cm, the
410. A structure constructed in an depth of water required at the canal
irrigation canal for the purpose of ram outlet, is
wasting some of its water is known as A. 10 cm
A. Fall B. 15 cm
B. Escape C. 20 cm
C. Regulator D. 25 cm
(OPSC 2020) D. 43.2 cum
(OPSC 2020)
436. The main cause of silting up a
channel: 451. Which is the most water-efficient
A. Defective outlets irrigation system?
B. Inadequate slope A. Surface
C. Defective head regulator B. Flood
D. All of these C. Drip
(OPSC 2020) D. Sprinkle
(PPSC-2015)
437. The most suitable location of a
canal head work, is: 458. A canal was designed to supply
A. Boulders stage of the river the irrigation needs for 1200 hectares
B. Delta stage of the river of land growing rice of 140 days base
C. Rock stage of the river period having a delta of 134 cm. if this
D. Trough stage of the river canal water is used to irrigate wheat of
(OPSC 2020) base period 120 days having a delta
of 52 cm, the area (in hectares) that
440. The consumptive use of water for can be irrigated is
a crop: A. 2650
A. Is measured as the volume of water B. 3608
per unit area C. 543
B. Is measured as depth of water on D. 1730
irrigated area (RPSC-2016)
C. May be supplied partly by xeyan
precipitation and partly by irrigation 471. If the ground water table is higher
D. All of these than the bed level of the canal, which
(OPSC 2020) of the following linings is usually
provided?
441. The Lacey's regime velocity is A. Sprayed-in-place asphaltic
proportional to: membrane
A. R^1/2 S^3/4 lining
B. Q^3/4 S^1/3 B. Stabilised soil lining
C. R^3/4 S^1/3 C. Porous lining
D. R^2/3 S^½ D. Boulder lining
(OPSC 2020) (RPSC-2020)

447. The base period for a particular 479. Irrigation from wells is an
crop is 100 days and the duty of the example of
canal is 1000 A. Direct irrigation
hectares per cumec. The depth of B. Storage irrigation
water will be C. Inundation irrigation
A. 0.864 cum D. Lift irrigation
B. 8.64 cum (RPSC-2020)
C. 86.4 cum
481. Which method is widely used in B. 60 cm
India for computation of consumptive D. 90 cm
use of water? (TPSC-2013)
A. Penman's equation
B. Ballaney Criddle equation 505. For standing crops in undulating
C. Christiansen equation sandy fields, the best method of
D. Hergreaves class A irrigation, is
(RPSC-2020) A. sprinkler irrigation
B. free flooding
494. If A is the depth of water in C. check method
metres, B is the number of days in D. furrow method
base period and D is the duty in ha/ (TPSC-2013)
cumec, then 536. Basin flooding is used for :-
A. A - 8.64 D/B A. Rice crop
B. B= 8.64 A/D B. Potato crop
D. A = 8.64 B/D C. Sugarcane crop
C. D= 8.64 A/B D. Orchards
(TPSC-2013) (UPSC-2013)

501. Useful soil moisture for plant 547. For crops like potato and sugar-
growth, is beats, the commonly adopted method
A. capiiiary water of surface irrigation is
B. gravity water A. check flooding
C. hydroscopic water B. free flooding
D. chemical water C. basin flooding
(TPSC-2013) D. furrow irrigation
(UPSC-2013)
502. In a canal syphon, flow is
A. under atmospheric pressure 557. Which of the following has
B. pipe flow maximum water application
C. with critical velocity efficiency ?
D. under negative pressure A. Surface irrigation
(TPSC-2013) B. Lift irrigation
C. Sprinkler irrigation
503. Irrigation canals are generally D. Furrow irrigation
aligned along (UPSC-2014)
A. ridge line
B. contour line 577. Cross-regulators in main canal
C. valley line are provided to
D. straight line A. regulate water supply in the off-
(TPSC-2013) taking channel
B. regulate water supply in the main
504. The depth of rice root zone, is channel
A. 50 cm C. regulate excessive flood water
C. 80 cm
D. head up water for adequate supply (TNPSC-1997)
into the off-taking channel
(UPSC-2014) 669. Which of the following
statements is not
592. Irrigation is basically required in true with respect to drip irrigation?
A. Humid regions A. less requirement of irrigation water
B. Arid regions B. possibility of variation in application
C. Semi-arid regions rate
D. All of the above C. increase in net irrigable area
(UPSC-2016) D. the initial cost of components is
less
593. The geological formation which (TNPSC-1997)
contains and readily yields water is
called 670. The method of irrigation in which
A. aquifer soil is kept submerged and thoroughly
B. aquifuge (not containing water) flooded with water, so as to cause
C. aquitard thorough saturation of the land is
D. aquiclude A. sub-surface irrigation
(UPSC-2016) B. perennial irrigation
C. lift irrigation
623. The most correct statement D. inundation irrigation
related to drip irrigation system is (TNPSC-1997)
A. has high evaporation losses
B. is not available for scattered trees 700. Irrigation potential of the country
and plants is about
C. requires elaborate levelling of A. 87M.ha
ground to be effective B. 100 M. ha
D. has high water application C. 113 M. ha
efficiency D. 125 M ha
(UKPSC 2022) (TNPSC 2014)

655. The suitable method for irrigating 701. The optimum capacity of an
highly modulating land is irrigation tube
A. drip irrigation A. 0.07cumec
B. furrow irrigation B. 0.08cumec
C. sprinkler irrigation C. 0.05cumec
D. None of the above D. 0.10cumec
(UPPSC 2013) (TNPSC 2014)

668. Which of the following has the 704. The water application efficiency
maximum water application efficiency? of sprinkler irrigation method in
A. surface irrigation moderate climate is
B. sprinkler irrigation A. 70%
C. lift irrigation B. 60%
D. sub-surface irrigation C. 80%
D.90%
(TNPSC 2014)
2. WATER A. Capillary tenison in soil
B. Porosity of soil
REQUIREMENT OF C. Both A. and B.
CROPS D. None of these
(NPSC-2017)
372. The dupit formula is based on
A. One observation well 398. The maximum depth in soil
B. Two observation well strater, in which the crop spreads its
C. Three observation well root system and derives water from
D. No observation well the soil is called
(NPSC-2016) A. Kor depth
B. Delta
374. Soil moisture essential for the C. Over lap allowance
plant growth is D. Root zone depth
A. Chemical water (NPSC-2017)
B. Gravity water
C. Capillary water 446. The main function of a divide wall
D. Hygroscopic water is to:
(NPSC-2016) A. Control the silt entry into the canal
B. Prevent river floods from entering
375. Paleo is concern with into the canal
A. Watery at the time of sowing of C. Separate the under sluices from
crop weir
B. First watering before sowing the proper
crop D. Provide smooth flow at sufficiently
C. First watering which is given to a low velocity
crop after sowing (OPSC 2020)
D. Second watering which is given to
a crop after sowing. 473. Duty for various methods of
(NPSC-2016) irrigation are
A. Perennial irrigation has high duty
392. Which of the following statement B. Flow irrigation has low duty
is correct? C. Lift irrigation has low duty
A. The gravity water is harmful to the D. Tank irrigation has high duty
crops E. Inundation irrigation has high duty
B. The hygroscopic water remains
attached to the soil molecules by Which of these statements are
chemical bonds correct?
C. The capillary water is utilised by the A. A to E
plants B. A, B and C
D. All of the above C. A, B and E
(NPSC-2017) D. B and D
(RPSC-2020)
393. The field capacity of a soil
depends upon
474. Duty is maximum at which point C. Time factor
of the following parts of a canal D. All of the above
system? (UPSC-2013)
A. Duty at the head of a water course
B. Duty at the head of a minor 545. The optimum depth of Kor
C. Duty at the head of a branch canal watering for rice crop is
D. Duty at the head of a main canal A. 13 cm
(RPSC-2020) B. 16 cm
C. 19 cm
477. The correct order of relationship D. 22 cm
of Canfield capacity, temporary wilting (UPSC-2013)
point and saturation capacity is
A. Saturation capacity > Temporary 546. Which of the following is not a
wilting point > Field capacity cash crop ?
B. Saturation capacity > Field capacity A. Jute
> Temporary wilting point B. Tea
C. Field capacity > Saturation capacity C. Rice
> Temporary wilting point D. Sugarcane
D. Field capacity > Temporary wilting (UPSC-2013)
point > Saturation capacity
559. In North Indian plains, the
482. The ratio of the quantity of water optimum depth of Kor watering for
stored in the root zone of the crops to wheat is
the quantity of water actually alq A. 13.5 cm
delivered in the field is known as B. 15.5 cm
A. Water application efficiency C. 19.0 cm
B. Water use efficiency D. 20.5 cm
C. Water conveyance efficiency (UPSC-2014)
D. None of these
(RPSC-2020) 561. Outlet discharge, for a particular
crop, is given by
539. Capacity of an irrigation channel A. outlet factor/area
is fixed on the basis of:- B. area/outlet factor
A. Cultivable command area and C. area × outlet factor
water transmission losses D. None of the above
B. Duty of water (UPSC-2014)
C. Time factor
D. All of the above 574. The ratio of irrigated area under
(UPSC-2013) Rabi and Kharif crops is called
A. Overlap ratio
542. Capacity of an irrigation channel B. Crop ratio
is fixed on the basis of:- C. Kor ratio
A. Cultivable command area and D. Rotation ratio
water transmission losses (UPSC-2014)
B. Duty of water
575. If the duty of water for a crop of D. None of the above
base period 120 days is 1400 hect./ (UPSC-2014)
cumec, then delta (∆) for the crop is
A. 741 mm 587. In a certain irrigation project and
B. 843 mm in a given year, 72% and 56% of the
C. 949 mm culturable
D. 1056 mm command area remained unirrigated
(UPSC-2014) in Kharif and Rabi season, then the
intensity of
576. Irrigation water having SAR value irrigation for that year and for that
of 20, is called project, will be
A. very high sodium water A. 36 %
B. high sodium water B. 64 %
C. medium sodium water C. 72 %
D. low sodium water D. 128 %
(UPSC-2014) (UPSC-2016)

578. The maximum irrigation 595.The relation between duty D in

requirement of rice crop is exhibited hectares/cumec, depth of water ∆ in
by its metres and base period B in days is
A. maximum delta value given by
B. maximum duty value A. ∆ = 1.98 B/D
C. minimum duty value B. ∆ = 8.64 B/D
D. None of the above C. ∆ = 5.68 B/D
(UPSC-2014) D. ∆ = 8.64 D/B
(UPSC-2016)
579. The ratio between the area of a (UPSC-2016)
crop irrigated and the quantity of water
required during its entire period of 599. With the increase in supplied
growth is known as irrigation water, the yield of crops
A. delta A. increases continuously
B. duty B. increases upto a level and then
C. base period decreases
D. crop period C. increases upto a level and then
(UPSC-2014) becomes constant
D. decreases continuously
(UPSC-2016)
581. The whole period of cultivation,
from the time when irrigation water is 613. When 8 cumec of water is
first supplied for the preparation of supplied to a 40 hectare field for 4
ground to its last-watering before hours then 216 mm water is stored in
harvesting, is called root zone. The efficiency of applied
A. Kor period water is
B. Crop period A. 65%
C. Base period B. 70%
C. 75% (WBPSC 2020)
D. 80%
(UKPSC 2022) 664. The relation between duty,
615. The optimum depth of Kor Delta(∆) and base period is
watering for sugarcane is about A. 8.64B/D
A. 12.0 cm B. 86.4B/D
B. 16.5 cm C. 864B/D
C. 20.0 cm D. 8640 B/D
D. 24.5 cm (TNPSC-1997)
(UKPSC 2022)
667. Identify the incorrect statement:
616. For the upstream face of an The objective of a divide wall in the
earthen dam the most adverse canal head work is
condition or the stability of slope is A. to provide a comparatively quiet
A. Sudden drawdown pocket in front of the canal head
B. Sloughing of slope regulator
C. Steady seepage B. to concentrate the scouring action
D. During construction of the scouring sluices
(UKPSC 2022) C. to separate the under sluices
portion from the rest of the structure
629. The ratio between the area of a D. to prevent the flood water from
crop imigated and the quantity of entering into the canal
water required during entire period of (TNPSC-1997)
growth is known as
A. delta
B. duty 679. The capacity of an irrigation
C. base period canal is usually controlled by
D. crop period A. average Kharif demand
(UPSSC 2007) B. average Rabi command
C. Kor demand of Rabi crops
630. The relation between duty D D.Kor demand of Kharif crops.
(hect/cumeC., delta(m) and base (TNPSC 1999)
period B (days) is
A. Delta = (8.64D./B 680. A crop which is raised entirely
B. B = (8.64DeltA./D with help of rainfall is called
C. D = (8.69DeltA./B A.Natural crop
D. ∆=(8.64B./D B.Rainy crop
(UPSSC 2007) C.Wet crop
D.Dry crop
661. Among the following, which crop (TNPSC 2008)
has the highest value to delta?
A. Wheat 689. The irrigation intensity has been
B. Vegetables worked out by diving the gross
C. Rice irrigated area by
D. Cotton A. the net cultivable area
B. the net sown area
C. the gross sown area
D. the net irrigated area.
(TNPSC 2010)

690. The total depth of water required

by a crop during the entire period the
crop is in the field, is known as
A. Delta
B. Duty
C. Base period
D. Crop period.
(TNPSC 2010)

691. The duty of irrigation water will be

less if
A. area irrigated is more
B. water supply required is less
C. water supply required is more
D. none of these.
(TNPSC 2010) 3. DESIGN OF UNLINED
692. The area in which crop is grown CANAL
at a particular time or crop season is
351. A canal head works has nothing
called
to do
A. gross commended area
with a:
B. culturable cultivated area
A. Weir
C. culturable uncultivated area
B. Guide bank
D. none of these
C. Head regulator
(TNPSC 2010)
D. Safety ladder
(NPSC-2016)
698. The Exchangeable Sodium
Percentage (ESP) of a saline soil is
365. A structure which takes out silt
(AE 2014)
from a
A. >15
canal is called
B.15
A. Silt excluder
C.none
B. Silt ejector
D. <<15
C. King's vanes
(TNPSC 2014)
D. Gibb's groyne wall
(NPSC-2016)

380. Sharp crested weirs are

generally used
A. For small flows
B. For large flows
C. For rivers carrying floating debris 454. A silt control device consisting of
D. For streams carrying high sediment a number of rectangular tunnels
loads provided parallel to the axis of head
(NPSC-2016) regulator and terminating near the
under-sluiced weir to allow the clear
394. The ratio between the area of a water to flow through the head
crop irrigated and the quantity of water regulator is called
required during its entire period of the A. Silt ejector
growth is known as B. Silt tunnel
A. Delta C. Silt excluder
B. Duty D. Under sluice
C. Base period (PPSC-2022)
D. Crop period
(NPSC-2017) 459. On which of the canal system.
R.G. Kennedy, executive engineer in
395. The duty is largest the Punjab irrigation department made
A. At the head of the main canal his observations for proposing his
B. On the field theory on stable channels?
C. At the head of the water course A. Krishna Western Delta Canals
D. At all place B. Lower Bari Doab Canals
(NPSC-2017) C. Lower Chenab Canals
D. Upper Bari Doab Canals
396. Crop ratio is the ratio of area (RPSC-2016)
irrigated
A. In rabi season to kharif season 472. Which of the following conditions
B. In kharif season to Rabi season is not true for a regime channel
C. Under perennial crop to total crop defined by Lacey?
D. Under perennial crop to non A. The channel is flowing in limited
perennial crop. coherent alluvium of the same
(NPSC-2017) character as that transmitted.
397. The duty of irrigation water will be B. Silt grade is constant.
less if C. Silt charge is constant.
A. Area irrigated is more D. Discharge is constant.
B. Water supply required is less (RPSC-2020)
C. Water supply required is more
D. None of these 573. As per Lacey’s theory, the wetted
(NPSC-2017) perimeter of a regime-channel for a
discharge of 100 m3/s, is
400. The main cause of silting in A. 87.5 m
channel is B. 67.5 m
A. Non-regime section C. 47.5 m
B. Inadequate slope D. 42.5 m (UPSC-2014)
C. Defective head regulator 475. For a given silt charge and silt
D. All of these grade, as per Lacey's theory, the
cross section of regime channel for (UPSC-2013)
finer silt Har shall be
A. Narrow and deep bristongod 553. Lacey’s regime theory was
B. Wide and deep developed after extensive research in
C. Wide and shallow A. India
D. Narrow and shallow B. Israel
(RPSC-2020) C. Indonesia
D. Iraq
478. Silt content in which of the (UPSC-2014)
following channels increase as the
flow progresses from section to
section: 556. Lacey’s theory is applicable to
A. Non-alluvial channels flow
B. Alluvial channels basque A. through pipes
C. Lined channels B. in concrete lined channels
D. All of these C. over spillways
(RPSC-2020) D. in alluvial rivers and canals
(UPSC-2014)
480. Which method has been
permitted in the Indian Standard IS 560. The moisture content of the soil,
7112 for design of unlined channels? after free drainage has removed most
A. Tractive force method of the gravity water, is called
B. Kennedy's method A. available moisture
C. Lacey's method B. saturation capacity
D. Sampler method C. field capacity
(RPSC-2020) D. gravity water
(UPSC-2014)
486. Lacey's concept of design of
canals is based on the 562. The water utilizable by plants is
1. lined channels available in soils in the form of
2. unlined channels only A. gravity water
3. both lined and unlined channels B. chemical water
4. neither lined nor unlined channels C. hygroscopic water
(TSPSC-2015) D. capillary water
(UPSC-2014)
531. According to Lacey’s regime
theory, what will be the regime scour 563. Kennedy, in his silt theory,
depth for a channel in soil having silt assumed that the silt is kept in
factor of unity and carrying a suspension due to eddies generated
discharge of 96m3/s ? The base width from
of the channel is 12 m:- A. bed only
A. 2.7 m B. sides only
B. 10.8 m C. whole perimeter
C. 8.0 m D. All of the above
D. 5.4 m (UPSC-2014)
564. Lacey’s perimeter (P) – 593. The geological formation which
discharge (Q) relation is given as contains and readily yields water is
A. P = 2.25 Q1/2 called
B. P = 4.75 Q1/2 A. aquifer
C. P = 2.25 Q3/2 B. aquifuge (not containing water)
D. P = 4.75 Q3/2 C. aquitard
(UPSC-2014) D. aquiclude
(UPSC-2016)
567. If the R.L. of canal bed level and
high flood level of drainage are 212.0 602. The Garret diagrams are based
m and 210 m respectively, then the on
cross-drainage work will be A. Lacey’s theory
A. aqueduct B. Khosla’s theory
B. syphon C. Bligh’s theory
C. syphon aqueduct
D. super passage D. Kennedy’s theory
(UPSC-2014) (UPSC-2016)

580. Available moisture may be 612. Following data were noted from
defined as an irrigation field :
A. difference in water content of the (i) Field capacity = 20%
soil between field capacity and (ii) Permanent wilting point = 10%
permanent wilting (iii) Permissible depletion of available
point soil moisture for the crop = 50%
B. moisture content at permanent (iv) r of soil = 15 kN/m³
wilting point (v) Effective rainfall = 50 mm
C. maximum water holding capacity The net irrigation requirement for the
D. None of the above crop having 1 m root zone depth will
(UPSC-2014) be
A. 75 mm
591. The volume of rainfall which B. 125 mm
produces equal run-off is called C. 50 mm
A. point rainfall D. 25 mm
B. effective rainfall (UKPSC 2022)
C. average rainfall
D. None of the above 618. The amount of irrigation water
(UPSC-2016) required to meet the
evapotranspiration needs of the crop
592. Irrigation is basically required in during the full growth is known as
A. Humid regions A. effective irrigation requirement
B. Arid regions B. consumptive use
C. Semi-arid regions C. consumptive irrigation requirement
D. All of the above D. net irrigation requirement
(UPSC-2016) (UKPSC 2022)
 662. Lacey's silt factor is written as
627. Garrets diagram gives the A. f= 1 75 (dm)½
graphical method of designing a B. f= 0.01 (dmm)⅔
channel based on C. f= 4.75 (dmm)1/6
A. Lacey's theory D. f= 1.76 (dmm)½
B. Khosla's theory (WBPSC 2020)
C. Gibbs' theory
D. Kennedy's theory 673. Silt excluders are constructed in
(UPSSC 2007) the
A.River bed upstream of head
631. Lacey assumed that the silt is regulator.
kept in suspension due to the normal B. River bed downstream of head
component of regulator.
generated from C. Canal bed upstream of head
A. bed only regulator.
B. sides only D. Canal bed downstream of head
C. whole perimeter regulator.
D. top water surface only (TNPSC 1998)
(UPSSC 2007)
678. Consumptive use is
633. If the irrigation efficiency is 80\% A. water used up in plant metabolism
conveyance losses 20% and the B. the sum of evapo-transpiration and
actual depth of w is 16 cm, the depth the amount used up in plant
of water require at the canal outlet is metabolism
A. 15 cm C. the sum of evapo-transpiration of
B. 20 cm infiltration losses
C. 24 cm D. the combined use of surface and
D. 25 cm (UPSSC 2007) ground water resources.
644. The graphical solution of (TNPSC 1999)
Kennedy's equation and Kutter's
equation is given by 712. The maximum scour depth for a
A. Garret's diagram severe bend is:
B. Mohr's diagram A. 2.0 R
C. Kennedy's diagram B. 1.70 R
D. Kutter's diagram C. 5.0 R
(UPPSC 2013) D. 8.5 R
E. 13.1 R
657. The water utilizable by plants is (CGPSC-2018)
available in soils mainly in the form of
A. gravity water
B. capillary water
C. hydroscopic water
D. chemical water
(UPPSC 2013)
4. DESIGN OF LINED
CANAL
353. A trapezoidal notch fall can
maintain normal water depth in
upstream channel:
A. At any one given value of the
design discharges
B. At all the discharges
C. At any two given value of the
design
discharges
D. At no drainage at all
(NPSC-2016)

354. The canal fall involving parabolic

glacis is called:
A. Straight glacis fall
B. Glacis fall
C. Inglish fall
D. Montague fall
(NPSC-2016)

364. When length of the body wall of a

fall is
less than normal width of a canal it is
called
A. Notch fall
B. Sarda fall
C. Flumed fall
D. Ogee fall.
(NPSC-2016)

453. Duty on capacity is also known

as
A. Capacity Factor
B. Time Factor
C. Root Zone Depth
D. Full Supply Coefficient
(PPSC-2022)

526. For a well, founded in a confined

aquifer, if the draw-down is doubled,
the discharge ‘Q’ willbecome:-
A. 0.5 Q D. head up water for adequate supply
B. 1.5 Q into the off-taking channel
C. 2.0 Q (UPSC-2014)
D. 3.0 Q
(UPSC-2013) 576. The intensity of irrigation for
Kharif is 45% and that for Rabi is
527. Lining of irrigation channels:- 60%, then annual intensity of irrigation
A. May stop leakage of water is
B. Creates water-logging in near-by A. 60 %
areas B. 100 %
C. Both A. and B. C. 105 %
D. None of the above D. None of the above
(UPSC-2013) (UPSC-2014)
533. The outlet discharge factor is the
duty at the head of :- 577. In lift irrigation, the flow is
A. Main canal A. by gravity
B. Branch canal B. from lower level to higher level
C. Water course C. by percolation
D. Distributory D. through sprinkler head
(UPSC-2013) (UPSC-2014)

534. The maximum spacing between

two distributing channels should not 585. A drop in canal bed is generally
exceed:- provided, if
A. 2 km A. ground slope exceeds designed
B. 3 km bed slope.
C. 4 km B. design bed slope exceeds ground
D. 5 km slope.
(UPSC-2013) C. ground slope is same as the
designed bed slope.
558. The outlet discharge factor is the D. None of the above.
duty at the head of (UPSC-2016)
A. main canal
B. branch canal 594. The canal which is not supposed
C. distributary to do any direct irrigation, is called
D. water course A. main canal
(UPSC-2014) B. watercourse
C. major distributary
577. Cross-regulators in main canal D. minor distributary
are provided to (UPSC-2016)
A. regulate water supply in the off-
taking channel 596. A repelling groyne is aligned
B. regulate water supply in the main A. pointing upstream
channel B. pointing downstream
C. regulate excessive flood water C. perpendicular to bank
D. parallel to bank C. Canal offtakes
(UPSC-2016) D. Canal openings
(UPSC-2016)
597. The elementary profile of a dam
is 619.The alternate name of the ridge
A. a rectangle canal is
B. a trapezoidal A. Contour canal
C. an equilateral triangle B. Side slope canal
D. a right angled triangle C. Watershed canal
(UPSC-2016) D. None of these
(UKPSC 2022)
600. Classification of canals on the
basis of alignment is 625. The freeboard in a canal is
A. contour canal governed by
B. watershed canal A. size of the canal
C. side slope canal B. location of the canal
D. All of the above C. water surface fluctuations
(UPSC-2016) D. all of the above
(UPSSC 2007)
601. A ridge canal is also called a
A. watershed canal 659. A canal constructed normal to
B. contour canal contour lines of area is called
C. side slope canal A. Contour canal
D. None of the above B. Watershed- canal
(UPSC-2016) C. Side slope canal
D. Single Bank canal
604. Which of the following is not the (UPPSC-2015)
part of diversion headworks ?
A. Barrage
B. Divide wall
C. Head regulator
D. Distributary
(UPSC-2016)

606. Main parts of regulation works

are
A. canal falls 5. economics of canal lining
B. head regulator
C. cross regulator 355. The energy dissipation in a
D. All of the above sharda type
(UPSC-2016) canal drop is caused by:
A. Hydraulic jump
607. Canal outlets are also called B. Friction blocks
A. Canal escapes C. Water pool
B. Canal modules D. Baffle wall
(NPSC-2016) 538. The seepage losses from unlined
channels can be determined by:-
415. In brick lining the layer which A. Ultrasonic method
makes the canal water tight is B. Tracer technique
A. Dower layer of bricks C. Lysimeter
B. Upper layer of the bricks cement D. Tipping bucket
mortar (UPSC-2013)
C. Sandwiched layer of the
D. All layers together 582. A channel aligned nearly parallel
(NPSC 2017) to the contours of a country, is called
A. side slope channel
462. Excess of Nitrogen fertilizer leads B. watershed channel
to : C. ridge channel
A. Growth problems D. contour channel
B. Fruiting problems (UPSC-2014)
C. Pest problems
D. All of these 584. The correct sequence of the
(RPSC-2018) parts of a canal system is
A. headworks, major distributary,
464. Which of the following is not branch canal and minor distributary
pesticide? a B. headworks, main canal, branch
A. Metaldehyde canal, minor distributary and major
B. DDT distributary
C. Malathion C. headworks, main canal, branch
D. Beta Hydroxy Butyric Acid canal, major distributary and minor
(RPSC-2018) ditributary
D. None of the above
527. Lining of irrigation channels:- (UPSC-2016)
A. May stop leakage of water
B. Creates water-logging in near-by 620. A contour canal is defined as
areas A. a canal which may frequently
C. Both A. and B. encounter cross-drainage works.
D. None of the above B. a canal which can irrigate on both
(UPSC-2013) sides.
C. a canal which is not supposed to
529. For the design of hydraulic do irrigation.
structures on permeable foundation, D. None of these.
the depth of downstream sheet pile is (UKPSC 2022)
determined on the basis of:-
A. Safe exit gradient 626. A channel aligned nearly parallel
B. Scour depth to the natural drainage of a country is
C. Both safe exit gradient and scour called
depth A. side slope channel
D. Energy dissipation B. contour channel
(UPSC-2013) C. water shed channel
D. ridge channel B. reduces possibility of breaching
(UPSSC 2007) C. prevents silting channel
D. all of these.
640. Which of the following is the (TNPSC 2010)
correct sequence of the parts of a
canal system?
A. Head works, distributory and minor
B. Head works, main canal and minor
C. Head works, main canal, branch
canal, distributory and minor
D. None of the above
(UPSSC 2007)

643. The most economical section of a

lined canal is
A. a rectangular section with circular
bottom for small discharges.
B. a triangular section with circular
bottom for small discharges
C. trapezoidal section with rounded
corners for high discharges
D. both B. and C.
(UPSSC 2007)

655. The suitable method for irrigating

highly modulating land is
A. drip irrigation
B. furrow irrigation
C. sprinkler irrigation
D. None of the above
(UPPSC 2013)

686. Lining of a canal is necessary

A. to minimize the seepage losses in
canal B. to prevent erosion of bed and
sides due to
high velocities
C. to increase the discharge in canal
section by increasing the velocity
D. all of these.
(TNPSC 2010)

687. Lining of a canal

A. assures economical water
distribution
 (NPSC-2016)

376. Based on the function of dam, it

can be
classifical into. types.
A. 5
B. 8
C. 10
D. 16
(NPSC-2016)

442. A major resistive force in a dam

is:
A. Water pressure
B. Self weight of dam
C. Wave pressure
D. Uplift pressure
(OPSC 2020)

443. Aqueduct or super passage type

6. DAMS of works are used when :
A. High flood drainage discharge is
356. Units of specific capacity of well small
is: B. High flood drainage discharge is
A. m³/sec large and short lived
B. m²/sec C. High flood drainage discharge is
C. m/sec large and continues for a long time
D. m/sec² D. None of these
(NPSC-2016) (OPSC 2020)
444.Seepage through embankment in
366. The discharge per unit drawdown an earthen dam is controlled by:
at the A. Drain Trenches
well is known as B. Drainage filters
A. Specific yield C. Relief Wells
B. Specific storage D. Provision of downstream berms
C. Specific retention (OPSC 2020)
D. Specific capacity.
(NPSC-2016) 445. Which of the following is least
suited for an earthen dam?
368. The live storage requirement for A. Ogee spillway
a reservoir is to be determined by B. Chute spillway
A. topographical survey C. Side channel spillway
B. annual demand D. Shaft spillway
C. double mass curve analysis (OPSC 2020)
D. mass curve analysis.
446. The main function of a divide wall (PPSC-2014)
is to:
A. Control the silt entry into the canal 450.The storage capacity of a
B. Prevent river floods from entering reservoir may be divided into three
into the canal zones. The lowest zone is
C. Separate the under sluices from A. Dead storage
weir B. Useful storage
proper C. Surcharge storage
D. Provide smooth flow at sufficiently D. None of these.
low velocity (PPSC-2014)
(OPSC 2020)
456. The 'useful storage' in a dam
447. The base period for a particular reservoir is the volume of water stored
crop is 100 days and the duty of the between
canal is 1000 A. Normal and maximum reservoir
hectares per cumec. The depth of levels
water will be B. Minimum and normal reservoir
A. 0.864 cum levels
B. 8.64 cum C. Minimum and maximum reservoir
C. 86.4 cum levels
D. 43.2 cum D. Up to normal reservoir level
(OPSC 2020) including dead storage
(PPSC-2022)
PUNJAB PUBLIC SERVICE
COMMISSION 457. The bottom portion of a concrete
PPSC-2014 or a masonry gravity dam is usually
448. The trap efficiency of a reservoir stepped, in order to
is a function of A.Increase the shear strength at the
A. inflow into the reservoir base of the dam
B. ratio of inflow to storage capacity B.Decrease the shear strength at the
C. ratio of reservoir capacity to inflow base of the dam
D. reservoir capacity C.Increase the overturning resistance
(PPSC-2014) of the dam
D.Increase the weight of the dam only.
449. Irrigation water supplied to a (PPSC-2022)
particular crop has depth of root zone
of 50 cm. The dry unit weight of soil 460. Khosla's formula for assessing
being 1.5 g/cc, pressure distribution under weir floors
the moisture content of soil reduced to are based on
12 % from 22 %, then the depth of A. Potential flow in permeable layers
irrigation water applied will be just beneath the floors
A. 75cm B. Boundary layer flow with pressure
B. 100 cm drop longitudinally
C. 125 cm C. Conformal transformation of
D. 150 cm potentialflow into the W plane
D. Simplification of 3-D flow 3. Middle third
(RPSC-2018) 4. Centre
(TSPSC-2015)
461. Force considered for the analysis
of an elementary profile of a gravity 488. The rate of settling of a particle
dam under empt reservoir condition depends upon the
are 1. viscosity of water
A. Uplift pressure 2 specific gravity of particle
B. Water pressure 3. shape and size of particle
C. Self-weight 4. viscosity of water, specific gravity
D. Wave pressure and shape and size of particles
(RPSC-2018) (TSPSC-2015)

465. Solar energy, Hydroelectric 489. Uplift pressure is considered in

power, wind and geothermal energy the analysis of gravity dams
examples of are 1. Only when there is a drainage
A. Non-renewable energy gallery in the dam
B. Renewable energy 2. Only when there is tail water
C. Nuclear energy 3. Only where the reservoir is empty
D. Magnetic energy 4. In all situations having water in the
(RPSC-2018) reservoir
(TSPSC-2015)
467. For a flood control reservoir, the
effective storage is equal to 490. According to Khosla's theory, the
A. Useful storage - valley storage undermining of the floor starts from
B. Useful storage + surcharge the
storage - valley storage 1. Tail end
C. Useful storage storage + surcharge 2. Starting end
D. Useful storage + surcharge storage 3. Intermediate point
+ valley storage 4. Foundation bed
(RPSC-2018) (TSPSC-2015)

476. Which structure is constructed for 525. Which of the following is most
irrigation through diversion scheme? appropriate about gravity dam?
A. Storage reservoir A. Initial cost of construction is low
B. Dam B. Does not require a strong and
C. Bund sound foundation
D. Barrage C. Does not fail suddenly
(RPSC-2020) D. None of the above
(UPSC-2013)
487. Under normal conditions of load
and when reservoir is full, the critical 528. In a gravity dam, the factor of
stress will be acting on dam at safety required against over turning of
1. Toe dam should be atleast:-
2. Heel A. 1.0
B. 1.5 583. When the reservoir is full, the
C. 2.0 maximum compressive force in a
D. 4.0 gravity dam is
(UPSC-2013) produced
A. at the toe
550. A core wall is provided in a/an B. at the heel
A. gravity dam C. within the middle third of the base
B. earthen dam D. at the centre of the base
C. canal regulator (UPSC-2016)
D. aqueduct
(UPSC-2014) 598. The major resisting force in a
gravity dam is
551. Water logging is eliminated by A. water pressure
A. deep ploughing B. self weight of dam
B. shallow ploughing C. wave pressure
C. providing drains D. uplift pressure
D. irrigation (UPSC-2016)
(UPSC-2014)
609. The base width of a concrete
555. Bhakra dam is a/an dam, in comparison to an earthen
A. non-rigid gravity dam dam, is
B. buttress dam A. almost equal
C. gravity dam B. much larger
D. arch dam C. much smaller
(UPSC-2014) D. None of the above
(UPSC-2016)
565. The maximum permissible
eccentricity, for no tension at the base 621. A shaft spillway is generally
of the gravity dam, is provided at
A. B/3 A. inside the body of a gravity dam
B. B/4 B. inside the upstream reservoir
C. B/5 C. inside the downstream reservoir
D. B/6 D. on side flanks of the main dam
Where B = base width of the dam (UKPSC 2022)
(UPSC-2014)
642. There will be no tension in the
566. The major resisting force for a dam if the resultant passes through
gravity dam is the
A. water pressure A. last third
B. wave pressure B. middle third
C. self weight of the dam C. middle two-third
D. uplift pressure D. none of the above
(UPSC-2014) (UPSSC 2007)
645. If the flood discharge flowing in a B. time for maximum outflow-time for
river is 3600 m³/s, its perimeter as per maximum inflow
Lacey's theory is likely to be C. time for minimum inflow-time for
A. 360 m maximum outflow
B. 300 m D. time for maximum outflow-time for
C. 285 m minimum outflow
D. 270 m (CGPSC-2018)
(UPPSC 2013)

646. The hydraulic failure of an earth

dam' includes the following
A. over topping and wave erosion
B. toe erosion and gullying
C. piping and sloughing
D. both A. and B.
(UPPSC 2013)

674.Choose the non-rigid dam in the

following:
A. Coffer Dam
B. Rockfill dam
C. Arch dam
D. Buttress dam
(TNPSC 1998)

702. The fall when flumed functioning

satisfactorily as a motor is
A. Sharp crested fall
B. Vertical fall
C. Inglis fall
D. Broad crested weir
(TNPSC 2014)

703. The co-efficient of Rugosity (NA.

for an earthern canal in excellent
condition is
A. 0.015
B. 0.020
C. 0.025
D. 0.030
(TNPSC 2014)
713. Peak lag in reservoir planning
denotes:
A. time for maximum inflow-time for
maximum outflow
 (NPSC-2016)

7. water logging 379. In India rainfall is generally

recorded at
357. coefficient of storage A. has the A. 8 AM
dimension of: B. 4PM
A. L3 C. 12 Noon
B. L2 D. 8 PM
C. L (NPSC-2016)
D. Dimension less
(NPSC-2016)
399. A land is said to be water logged
363. Main cause of water logging is when
A. excessive seepage and percolation A. The air circulation is stopped in the
of root zone due to rise in water table
water B. It is submerged in flood
B. heavy rainfall C. The soil pores with in a depth of 40
C. occurance of impermeable strata at cm are saturated
shallow depth D. All of the above
D. porosity of soil. (NPSC-2017)
(NPSC-2016)
402. The infertility of the soil in water
367. Remedial measures adopted to logged areas is due to
control water logging are A. Inhibiting activity of the soil bacteria
A. introduction of lift irrigation scheme B. Growth of weeds
B. quick disposal of rainfall C. Increasing of harmful salts
C. preventing loss of water in D. All of these
percolation from fields (NPSC-2017)
D. implementation of a drainage
scheme 403. The soil becomes practically
(NPSC-2016) infertile if its pH value is
A. O
377. Humidity is B. 7
A. Volume of air C. 11
B. Moisture content of the air D. 14
C. Pressure of air (NPSC-2017)
D. Temp. of air
(NPSC-2016) 404. The measure adopted to reclaim
the water logged area is
378. In India, rainfall cycle period is A. Installation of lift irrigation schemes
consider as B. Living of canals
A. 35 years C. Lowering the full supply level
B. 15 years D. All of these
C. 25 years (NPSC-2017)
D. 5 years
406. V and R are the regime mean remedial measure for waterlogging ?
velocity and hydraulic mean depth A. Excessive tapping of groundwater
respectively in meters. Lacey’s silt and contour bunding
factor is B. Frequent flooding and good
A. 2V^2/√3R drainage for irrigated land
B. 3V^2/4R C. Seepage from unlined canals and
C. 5V^2/2R water courses
D. 2V^2/5R D. Inadequate drainage and contour
(NPSC 2017) bunding
(PPSC-2022)
433. Bligh's theory of seepage
assumes: 463. Salinity in irrigation water is
A. Equal weightage to the horizontal measured by:
and vertical creep A. SAR value
B. More weightage to horizontal B. Electrical conductivity
C. Is independent of the b/d ratio C. pH value
D. None of these D. None of these
(OPSC 2020) (RPSC-2018)
438. Bligh's theory of seepage
assumes 468. Eutrophication of water bodies
A. Equal weightage to the horizontal occur due to excess washing of
and vertical creep following fertilizer chemicals into water
B. More weightage to horizontal creep bodies along with runoff water
than vertical creep A. Nitrogen and phosphorus
C. Less weightage to horizontal creep B. Nitrogen and potassium
than vertical creep C. Phosphorus and potassium
D. Loss of head follows the sine D. Calcium and potassium
(OPSC 2020) (RPSC-2018)

449. Irrigation water supplied to a 485. The duty of crop is 1500 hectares
particular crop has depth of root zone in base period is 120 days. The delta
of 50 cm. The dry unit weight of soil of crop is
being 1.5 g/cc, 1. 690 mm
the moisture content of soil reduced to 2. 860 mm
12 % from 22 %, then the depth of 3. 1100 mm
irrigation water applied will be 4. 1000 mm
A. 75cm (TSPSC-2015)
B. 100 cm
C. 125 cm 500. The measure to remove water
D. 150 cm Logging of land,
(PPSC-2014) A. to reduce percolation from canals
and water courses
455. Which one of the following does B. to increase to outflow from the
not ground water reservoir
contribute to waterlogging and is not a C. both A. and B.
D. neither A. nor B. (UPSC-2016)
(TPSC-2013)
610. Which of the following does not
522. eepage endangers the stability of contribute to water-logging ?
earth dam built on pervious soil A. Inadequate drainage
foundation because of piping, which B. Excessive tapping of water
depends upon:- C. Seepage from unlined canals
A. Valve of exit gradient D. Frequent flooding
B. Height of dam (UPSC-2016)
C. Quantity of seepage flow
D. Total storage capacity of resources 624. The spacing of the drains to
(UPSC-2013) relieve water-logged land is directly
proportional to the
530. An area is known as water A. depth of drain below the ground
logged when:- surface
A. Area is full of non salinity B. depth of impervious strata from the
B. Water evaporation stops drain
C. Drainage by gravity stops C. depth of drain below the water level
D. None of the above D. square root of the coefficient of
(UPSC-2013) permeability of the soil to be drained
(UKPSC 2022)
532. The spacing of tile drains to
relieve water-logged land is directly 656. Water logging occurs when the
proportional to the:- watertable
A. depth of drain below the water level is
B. coefficient of permeability of the soil A. upto root zone of crops
to be drained B. 3.0 m below G.L.
C. depth of drain below the ground C. 4.0 m below G.L.
surface D. 4.5 m below G.L.
D. depth of impervious strata from the (UPPSC 2013)
drain
(UPSC-2013) 695.Which canal is used to drain off
water from water logged areas?
551. Water logging is eliminated by A.Ditch canal
A. deep ploughing B.Drain canal
B. shallow ploughing C.Perennial canal
C. providing drains D.Percolation canal
D. irrigation (TNPSC 2013)
(UPSC-2014)
588. The measures adopted to reclaim 697. An agricultural land is known as
water-logged area are water logged when
A. installation of lift irrigation schemes A.Gravity drainage has ceased
B. lining of canals B.Permanent wilting point is reached
C. lowering of full supply level C.The soil became completely
D. All of the above saturated.
D.Capillary fringes reaches the root
zone of the plants.
(TNPSC 2014)

698. The Exchangeable Sodium

Percentage (ESP) of a saline soil is
(AE 2014)
A. >15 8. seepage
B.15
C.none 490. According to Khosla's theory, the
D. <<15 undermining of the floor starts from
(TNPSC 2014) the
1. Tail end
2. Starting end
3. Intermediate point
4. Foundation bed
(TSPSC-2015)

515. According to Khosla’s theory, the

exit gradient in the absence of a
downstream cutoff is:-
A. Zero
B. Unity
C. Infinity
D. Very large
(UPSC-2013)

520. By using Bligh’s theory for the

design of floor if residual head at any
section is 0.42 m and specific gravity
of material is 2.4, what will be
thickness of floor?
A. 0.50 m
B. 0.40 m
C. 0.25 m
D. 0.30 m
(UPSC-2013)

554. Seepage losses in a canal are

more when it is
A. completely in cutting
B. completely in filling
C. lined
D. partly in filling and partly in cutting
(UPSC-2014)
586. Khosla’s safe exit gradient for
design of weir will be lowest for the
soil type
A. coarse sand
B. fine sand
C. shingle and gravel
D. None of the above
(UPSC-2016)

635. According to Khosla's theory, the

critical hydraulic gradient for alluvial
soils is equal to
A. 0.5
B. 1.0
C. 1.5
D. 2.0
(UPSSC 2007)

636. According to Khosla's theory, the

undermining of the floor starts from
A. starting point
B. intermediate point
C. tail end 9. river training
D. all of the above
(UPSSC 2007) 352. Aggreding rivers are:
A. Silting rivers
649. The uplift pressure on upstream B. Scouring river
floor of a hydraulic structure C. Rivers in regime
determined by Bligh's theory as D. Meandering river
compared to Khosla's theory is (NPSC-2016)
A. same
B. more 413. A river meandering through an
C. less alluvial plain has a series of
D. None of the above consecutive curves of reversed order
(UPPSC 2013) connected with short
straight sketches is called
A. Meandering belt
B. Crossing
C. Meandering length
D. None of these
(NPSC 2017)

414. A river training work is generally

required when the river is
A. Aggrading type B. delta stage
B. Degrading type D. trough stage.
C. Meandering type (TPSC-2013)
D. Stable type
(NPSC 2017) 523. A river training work is generally
required when the river is:-
439. Regime conditions in a channel A. Aggrading type
may occur if B. Degrading type
A. Discharge is constant C. Meandering type
B. Channel flows uniformly in D. Both A. and B.
incoherent alluvium as that (UPSC-2013)
transported in suspension
C. Silt grade and silt charge are 524. Syphon installed over an
constant overflow spillway, will:-
D. All of these A. Decrease its effectiveness
(OPSC 2020) B. Increase its effectiveness
C. Not affect the effectiveness
469. If treated water to be supplied is D. All of the above
available at higher level than the (UPSC-2013)
distribution area, which water
distribution system may be adopted? 544. River training works may be
A. Gravity system classified as
B. Pumping system A. training for discharge
C. Combined gravity and pumping B. training for depth
system C. training for sediment
D. Intermittent system D. All of the above
(RPSC-2018) (UPSC-2013)

568. The discharge per unit drawdown

of a well, is called
A. specific storage
B. specific yield
C. specific capacity
496. A deficit of sediments in flowing D. None of the above
water may cause a river (UPSC-2014)
A. meandering type
B. aggrading type
C. degrading type
D. sub-critical type. 569. Flood waters of rivers are
(TPSC-2013) sometimes diverted through canals,
called
497. Meandering of a river generally A. feeder canals
occurs, in B. inundation canals
A. rocky stage · C. perennial canals
C. boulder stage D. carrier canals
(UPSC-2014) (UPSC-2016)

570. According to Reyve’s formula for 596. A repelling groyne is aligned

estimating floods, the peak discharge A. pointing upstream
is proportional to B. pointing downstream
A. A C. perpendicular to bank
B. A2/3 D. parallel to bank
C. A3/4 (UPSC-2016)
D. A1/2 611. The most important flood control
Where A = Area of the catchment measure which can be used in
basin. isolation for protecting a major city will
(UPSC-2014) be
A. storage reservoir
571. When the crest length of the weir B. construction of terraces
equals the width of the channel, on C. soil conservation measures in the
which water flows, the number of end upper catchment
contractions ‘n’ in Francis formula will D. flood embankments
be (UPSC-2016)
A. 1
B. 2 614. A river training work is generally
C. 4 required when the river is
D. zero A. aggrading type
(UPSC-2014) B. degrading type
C. meandering type
589. A divide wall is provided D. both A. and B.
A. at right angles to the axis of the (UKPSC 2022)
barrage
B. parallel to the axis of the barrage 619.The alternate name of the ridge
and upstream canal is
C. parallel to the axis of the barrage A. Contour canal
and downstream B. Side slope canal
D. None of the above C. Watershed canal
(UPSC-2016) D. None of these
(UKPSC 2022)
590. If there are two canals taking off
from river (one from each bank), then 622. Which one of the following is a
there will be part of a river training system?
A. one divide wall and one under A. metering flume
sluice bay B. silt excluder
B. one divide wall and two under C. aqueduct
sluice bays D. groynes
C. two divide walls and one under (UKPSC 2022)
sluice bay
D. two divide walls and two under 628. For diversion of flood water of
sluice bays rivers, the type of canal constructed is
A. perennial canal A. aqueduct
B. ridge canal B. canal syphon
C. inundation canal C. super-passage
D. drain D. syphon aqueduct
(UPSSC 2007) (UPPSC 2013)

637. To form a still water pocket in 651. For an annual flood series
front of canal head following is arranged in decreasing order of
constructed: magnitude, the return period for a
A. Fish ladder magnitude listed at position 'm' in a
B. Divide wall total of N entries is
C. Dam A. m/N
D. None of the above B. m/(N + 1)
(UPSSC 2007) C. (N+1)/m
D. N/(m + 1)
641.The frequency of flow over a (UPPSC 2013)
spillway depends on
A. runoff characteristics of the 652. Silt ejectors are provided as a silt
drainage area control device on
B. reservoir storage A. upstream of a spillway
C. available outlet and/or diversion B. downstream of a spillway
capacity C. upstream of a canal head regulator
D. all of the above D. downstream of a canal head
(UPSSC 2007) regulator
(UPPSC 2013)
645. If the flood discharge flowing in a
river is 3600 m³/s, its perimeter as per 673. Silt excluders are constructed in
Lacey's theory is likely to be the
A. 360 m A.River bed upstream of head
B. 300 m regulator.
C. 285 m B. River bed downstream of head
D. 270 m regulator.
(UPPSC 2013) C. Canal bed upstream of head
regulator.
647. Crest level is kept low with large D. Canal bed downstream of head
gates regulator.
in the following: (TNPSC 1998)
A. Sluice
B. Escape 693. An ephemeral stream is
C. Regulator A. one which always carries some
D. Barrage flow
(UPPSC 2013) B. one which carries only snowmelt
water
650. When the drain is over the canal, C. one which has limited contribution
the structure provided is known as of ground water
D. one which does not have any base
flow contribution
(TNPSC 2013)

696. The canal constructed for the

diversion of flood water from the rivers
is called
A.flood canal
B.Inundation canal
C.Drain
D.Ridge canal
(TNPSC 2013)

705. The characteristic feature of a

barrage is
A. provision of raised crest
B. creation of storage reservoir on U/S
C. provision of series of gates across
the river
D. that is built in deltas areas only
(TNPSC 2014)

707.A retarding basin type of flood

control reservoir is the one which is
provided with
A. Uncontrolled outlets and spillway
B. Uncontrolled outlets but controlled
spillway
C. Controlled outlets but uncontrolled
spillway
D. Controlled outlets and spillway
(TNPSC 2015)

710.The weir is always aligned at right

angle to the direction of the river flow
because
A.it ensure less length of weir
B.it gives good discharging capacity
C. its economical
D.it ensure less length good discharge
and economical.
(TNPSC 2015)
10. Cross drainage work
358. The stage of a river carrying a
discharge of Q m³/Sec at a point is
10M and slope of water surface is
1/4000. The discharge of a flood at
the same point and same stage of
10m with a water surface slope of
1/1000 will be:
A. 4Q m³/Sec
B. √2 Q m³/Sec
C. 0.5 m³/Sec
D. 2Q m³/Sec.
(NPSC-2016)

361. A surge tank is provided in a

hydropower scheme to
A. provide additional storage close to
the penstock
B. take care of change of slope,
alignment or size of the water
conductor system
C. reduce the pressures under
transient conditions
D. provide convenient over spills.
(NPSC-2016)

382. Dicken's formula for high flood

estimation is
A. Q=CA^3/4
B. Q = CA^4/3
C. Q=CA^2/3
D. Q=CA^3/2
(NPSC-2016)

383. Dicken's formula is usefull only

for the
catchments B. Buttress dam
A. Northern India C. Earthern dam
B. Southern India D. Rigid dam
C. Eastern India (NPSC-2016)
D. Western India
(NPSC-2016) 389. For gravity dam which statement
is correct
384. When a canal and a drainage A. Build on weak foundation
approach each other at some level, B. More suitable in steep valleys
the structure C. Benefit to cost ratio is low
provided is D. Initial construction cost is low
A. A level crossing (NPSC-2016)
B. An aqueduct
C. Inlet and outlet 390. For the growth of plants, the
D. A syphon useful soil moisture is
(NPSC-2016) A. Rain water
B. Gravity water
385. The highest gravity dam in india C. Capillary water
is D. Chemically treated water
A. Bhakra Dam (NPSC-2017)
B. Beas Dam
C. Nagal Dam 416. The stone cover laid to protect
D. Hirakund Dam the face of the guide bank at river bed
(NPSC-2016) level is called
A. Launching apron
386. Type of canal require to construct B. Blanket
for the diversion of flood water in C. Cut off
rivers is D. Curtain
A. Perennial canal (NPSC 2017)
B. Ridge canal 417. To reduce the cost of the cross
C. Inundation canal drainge work we resort to
D. Canal A. Flumming
(NPSC-2016) B. Blocking of drain
C. Cut-off
387. Uplift on the base is not an D. Lifting of canal water
important design factor in case of (NPSC 2017)
A. Arch dam
B. Buttress dam 418. F. S. L. of a canal at its head with
C. Earthen dam 5.00W respect to parent channel is
D. Solid gravity dam kept:
(NPSC-2016) A. At the same level
B. 15 cm lower
388. On weak foundation preferred C. 15 cm higher
type of dam is D. None of these
A. Gravity dam (OPSC 2020)
 D. All these
419. The measure to remove water (OPSC 2020)
logging of land, is:
A. To reduce percolation from evatel 424. The top of the capillary zone:
canals and water courses A. Lies below the water table at
B. To increase outflow from the 100 every point
ground water reservoir B. Lies above the water table at
C. Both A. and B. every point
D. Neither A. nor B. C. Coincides the water table at
(OPSC 2020) every point
D. None of these
420. For smooth entry of water in a (OPSC 2020)
canal, the angle between head
regulator A and water is generally 425. Inundation of habitation is worse
kept: close to:
A. 80° A. Reservoirs
B. 90° B. Diversion Weirs
C. 110° C. Deltaic plains
D. 120° D. None of these
(OPSC 2020) (OPSC 2020)

421. If L is total length of a canal in 426. The measure to remove water

kilometers, P is total perimeter of its logging of land, is
lining in metres and C is the cost of o A. To reduce percolation from
lining per square metre, the additional canals and water courses
expenditure involved on lining, B. To increase outflow from the
A. 1000 PLC ground water reservoir
B. PLC/1000 C. Both A. and B.
C. PL/1000C D. Neither A. nor B.
D. PC/100 (OPSC 2020)
(OPSC 2020)
427. For the design of major hydraulic
422. When a canal is carried over a estructures on the canals, the method
natural drainage, the structure generally preferred to, is based on:
provided, is known as: A. Bligh's theory
A. Siphon B. Electrical analogy method
B. Aqueduct C. The relaxation method
C. Super passage D. Khosla's method
D. Siphon-aqueduct (OPSC 2020)
(OPSC 2020)
428. The depth of rice root zone is:
423. Groynes are generally built A. 50 cm
A. Perpendicular to the bank B. 70 cm
B. Inclined up stream up to 30° C. 80 cm
C. Inclined down stream up to 30° D. 90 cm
(OPSC 2020) C. Side channel spillway
D. Shaft spillway
429. The saturation line is the line up (OPSC 2020)
to rood which banks get saturated
after the canal runs for some time. 470. Highest specific yield from an
The saturation gradient in ordinary aquifer will be from
loam soil, is generally: A. Water bearing formation of clay
A. 2:1 B. Water bearing formation of coarse
B. 3:1 gravel
C. 4:1 C. Both formations of clay and coarse
D. 5:1 gravel specific yield. will have equal
(OPSC 2020) D. As formation of coarse gravel will
have more pores these will not hold
430. The depth of the crest of a any water.
scouring sluice below the crest of a (RPSC-2018)
head regulator, is generally kept:
A. 0.2 m 491. A stream is discharging 400
B. 1.2 m cusces of water and has a fall of 50m.
C. 2.2 m The power potential of the hydel
D. 3.2 m station would be
(OPSC 2020) 1. 962 x 105 KW
2. 19.62 x 105 KW
443. Aqueduct or super passage type 3. 1962 KW
of works are used when : 4. 2.616 x 105 KW
A. High flood drainage discharge is (TSPSC-2015)
small
B. High flood drainage discharge is 495. When a canal is carried below a
large and short lived natural drainage such type of structure
C. High flood drainage discharge is is called
large and continues for a long time A. syphon
D. None of these B. syphon aqueduct
(OPSC 2020) C. aqueduct
D. superpassage
444.Seepage through embankment in (TPSC-2013)
an earthen dam is controlled by:
A. Drain Trenches 506. Surge tank in a pipe line is used
B. Drainage filters to:-
C. Relief Wells A. Reduce the loss of head due to
D. Provision of downstream berms friction in pipe
(OPSC 2020) B. Make the flow uniform in pipe
C. Release the pressure due to water
445. Which of the following is least hammer
suited for an earthen dam? D. None of the above
A. Ogee spillway (UPSC-2013)
B. Chute spillway
507. Lining of a canal is necessary:- D. 20 m
A. To prevent erosion of bed and sides (UPSC-2013)
due to high velocities
B. To minimize the seepage of losses 512. Which of the following dams of
C. To increase the discharge by India is an example of arch dam?
increasing velocity A. Tehri dam
D. All of the above B. Idukki dam
(UPSC-2013) C. Bhakra dam
D. Sardarsarovar dam
508. A channel designed using (UPSC-2013)
Lacey’s theory has mean velocity of
1m/sec and silt factor of one,the 516. In a Sarda type fall, rectangular
hydraulic radius for channel will be:- crest is used for discharge upto:-
A. 2 m A. 6 cumecs
B. 2.5 m B. 14 cumecs
C. 1.0 m C. 10 cumecs
D. 0.50 m D. 20 cumecs
(UPSC-2013) (UPSC-2013)

509. The Purpose of cross regulator in 548. Fish ladder is provided on the
a canal is:- side of
A. To regulate water supply in the off- A. divide wall
taking channel B. diaphragm wall
B. To regulate water supply in the C. core wall
main channel D. wing wall
C. To head up water for adequate (UPSC-2013)
supply into the off-taking channel
D. To regulate excessive flood water 567. The wetted perimeter of a regime
(UPSC-2013) channel for a discharge of 64 m3/s, as
per Lacey’s theory, will be
510. Entry of silt into the canal is A. 19 m
controlled by:- B. 38 m
A. Silt excluder C. 57 m
B. Silt extractor D. 76 m
C. Silt ejector (UPSC-2014)
D. Head regulator
(UPSC-2013) 572. The velocity of drainage water in
the barrels of syphon aqueduct is
511. At the site where an aquaduct is normally limited to
constructed, the width of river is 111 A. 1 to 2 m/sec
m. If there are 6 piers (each of width 1 B. 2 to 3 m/sec
m), the width of water way will be:- C. 3 to 4 m/sec
A. 5 m D. 4 to 5 m/sec
B. 10 m (UPSC-2014)
C. 15 m
605. The irrigation structure which is 650. When the drain is over the canal,
constructed at the crossing of a canal the structure provided is known as
and a drain, to avoid mixing of their A. aqueduct
respective discharge, is known as B. canal syphon
A. aqueduct C. super-passage
B. super passage D. syphon aqueduct
C. both A. and B. (UPPSC 2013)
D. None of the above
(UPSC-2016) 653. The uplift pressure on the roof of
a siphon aqueduct is maximum when
608. Cross-drainage work, when bed A. canal is running at full supply level
level of river and canal are same, is and drain is dry.
known as B. drain is running at high flood level
A. level crossing and canal is dry.
B. aqueduct C. canal is running dry.
C. super passage D. drain is running dry.
D. None of the above (UPPSC 2013)
(UPSC-2016)
665. When a canal is carried over a
638. When an irrigation canal passes natural drainage, the construction
over a river, the structure constructed provided is
at the crossi is called A.syphon
A. cross drainage B.aqueduct
B. aquaduct C.super passage
C. super passage D.syphon aqueduct
D. level crossing (TNPSC-1997)
(UPSSC 2007)
667. Identify the incorrect statement:
639. When the drain is over the canal, The objective of a divide wall in the
the structure provided is known as canal head work is
A. aquaduct syphon A. to provide a comparatively quiet
B. superpassage pocket in front of the canal head
C.syphon regulator
D. level crossing B. to concentrate the scouring action
(UPSSC 2007) of the scouring sluices
C. to separate the under sluices
648. In an aqueduct, natural drainage portion from the rest of the structure
is kept at the following of a canal D. to prevent the flood water from
A. at the same level entering into the canal
B. below (TNPSC-1997)
C. above 682. Drainge water flows freely under
D. None of these gravity in
(UPPSC 2013) A.Aqueduct
B.Syphon aqueduct
C.Supper passage
D.Siphon
(TNPSC 2008)

684. When the bed level of the canal

is higher than the H.F.L of the
drainage,then the cross
drainage work is said to be
A.Aqueduct
B.Super passage
C.Canal syphon
D.Syphon aqueduct
(TNPSC 2010)

685. When the drain is over the canal,

the structure provided is known as
A.Aqueduct
B.Super passage
C.Canal syphon
D.Syphon aqueduct
(TNPSC 2010)

691. The duty of irrigation water will be

less if
A. area irrigated is more
B. water supply required is less
C. water supply required is more
D. none of these.
(TNPSC 2010)

694. A work which carries one channel

over
another without the bed level of the
lower channel
A. aquaduct
B. supper passage
C. confined aquifer
D. hybrid channel
(TNPSC 2013)