ENGLISH PAPERS
Conjunctions
Supporting Lecturer: Mutmainah, M.Kep
Arranged by:
Group 8
Hendi Dwi Marianti 2131060213
Ria Renova 2131060205
Revo Alvito Dienova 2131060066
RADEN INTAN STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY LAMPUNG
FACULTY OF USULUDDIN AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES
ISLAMIC PSYCHOLOGY STUDY PROGRAM
2022/2023
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PREFACE
All praise to Allah SWT who has given us convenience so that we can
complete this paper on time. Without His favors we are not able to complete this
paper well. Shalawat and greetings are always devoted to His Majesty Prophet
Muhammad that we will look forward to his Syafa'at in the end of Yaumil later.
We give thanks to Allah SWT for the abundance of His healthy blessings, both
in the form of physical healthy and mind, so we are able to complete the making of a
paper as a group assignment of the English course.
We certainly realize that this paper is far from perfect and there are still many
mistakes and shortcomings in it. For this reason, we expect criticism and suggestions
from readers for this paper, so that this paper can later become a better paper. Thus
and if there are still errors in this paper we apologize as big as possible.
We would like to thank all parties, especially to the English Lecturer in
English, Ms. Mutmainah, M.Kep, who has guided us in writing this paper. And also
thank you for the contributions and help from all friends. Thus hopefully this paper
can be useful.
Bandar Lampung, March 5, 2023
Group 8
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE........................................................................................................................1
PREFACE……………………..…………………………………………………...2
TABLE OF CONTENS...........................................................................................3
CHAPTER I.............................................................................................................4
A. Background of The Paper..............................................................................4
B. Question Of The Problems.............................................................................4
C. Objectives.........................................................................................................4
CHAPTER II............................................................................................................5
A. Understanding Conjungtions.........................................................................5
B. Type conjungtions...........................................................................................6
CHAPTER III...........................................................................................................8
A. Conclusion........................................................................................................8
B. Recommendations and Suggestion.................................................................8
BIBLIOGRAPHY....................................................................................................9
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of The Paper
English is increasingly being studied and used in Indonesia. People learn languages
for a variety of reasons—commercial, social, scientific, educational and basically simple
compared to designing a course for the beginner who understands what he wants with the
language, and understands what is irrelevant to his goals. English is a foreign language
that is learned by many people in Indonesia. Some people in Indonesia believe that
English will help make their lives easier when looking for work. Generally English
learners are people from elementary school to university level. English lessons or courses
cannot be separated from the influence of Indonesian. Indonesian cannot be separated
from the process of learning English because after all English learners in Indonesia use
Indonesian. Learning English is also not easy, given the differences in the two languages.
Departing from the background above, the author is interested in discussing it in a paper
entitled conjunction.
B. Question Of The Problems
1. What sense conjunction ?
2. How to use conjunction in English?
C. Objectives
To know the meaning conjunction and To find out usage conjunction in English
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CAPTHER II
DISCUSSION
A. Understanding Conjungtions
Coordinate conjunctions are words used for combining two or more of the same
grammatical units. The grammatical units referred to here can be the same types
of words (parts of speech), phrases (phrases), or clauses (clauses). Joining two or
more of the same grammatical units using coordinate conjunctions produces
compound sentences.
Conjunctions That Joint Single Words
The first type of coordinate conjunctions is conjunctions combines two types of
the same word, such as the verb (verbs) with other verbs, nouns with other nouns,
and so on. Words that are often used as coordinate conjunctions to combine two or
more words of the same type are: and, or, and but. types of words (parts of speech:
nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs). Watch and study the following
examples:
(1) The old woman slipped and fell on the pavement.
(2) The thief moved quickly and quietly.
(3) She is beautiful but dumb.
(4) No one but he could have done that.
(5) I didn't know whether to laugh or cry.
(6) Anita is beautiful, diligent, and intelligent.
The underlined words are coordinate conjunctions. On sentence (1), and is a
coordinate conjunction which combines two verbs, namely: slipped and fell.
Meanwhile, in sentence (2), and as a coordinate conjunction combines two
adverbs, namely: quickly and quietly. Furthermore, in sentence (3) but is used as a
coordinate conjunction to combine two adjectives, namely: beautiful and dumb. In
sentence (4), but is a coordinating conjunction that combines two subjects or
nouns, namely no one and him. In sentence (5), or functions as a coordinate
conjunction that combines two verbs, namely to laugh and to cry. In sentence (6),
coordinate conjunction, and combines three adjectives beautiful, diligent, and
intelligent. Take note! You must use a comma (,) to join three or more words with
a coordinate conjunction, including the comma before the last word (, and
intelligent).
Conjunctions That Joint Phrases
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Coordinate conjunctions of the second type are conjunctions combine two or more
similar phrases. A phrase is a series of words that functions as a certain type of
word, and does not have a subject, predicate or complement. The said series of
words can be in the form of noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases, adverb
phrases or prepositional phrases. phrases (phrases: verb phrases, noun phrases,
adjective phrases, adverb phrases, and prepositional phrases).
He walked into the house and up the stairs.
In the sentence above, and functions as a coordinate conjunction that combines
two similar phrases (in this case prepositional phrases), namely the phrase 'into
the house' and the phrase 'up the stairs'.
Conjunctions That Joint Clauses
Coordinate conjunctions can also be used to join or more clauses (clauses). Clause
(clause) is the smallest grammatical unit that expresses a complete statement.
clauses. For coordinating conjunctions that combine more than two grammatical
units, a comma (,) must be included. A clause usually consists of a subject and a
predicate. the following example sentences use a coordinate conjunction that joins
two clauses.
(1) The man stole the jewelry and he hid it in his home.
(2) I don't know when she left and when she will be back.
(3) He married a woman who was very intelligent and charming but
who could not cook at all.
(4) I will tell the whole story after I have finished my work, or after I
have had my lunch.
First clause is The man stole the jewelry and the second clause is he hid it in his
home. These two clauses are combined with and as a coordinate conjunction. In
sentence (2), and combines two clauses, namely when she left and when she will
be back. Meanwhile in sentence (3), the word but is a conjunction that combines
the clause who was very intelligent and charming with the clause who could not
cook at all. In sentence (4), the coordinate conjunction or combines two clauses:
after I have finished my work with the clause after I have my lunch.
B. Type of Conjungtions
a. Coordinating conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions are equivalent conjunctions, which are used to
combine words, phrases and clauses that have a similar grammatical structure.
You can call the coordinating conjunctions as well as coordinator. Some
conjunctions commonly used in this type include, for (for), and (and), nor (or
not), but (but), or (or), yet (but), so (too). So you don't forget, you can
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remember it by making an abbreviation, FANBOYS
(For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So). Here's an example sentence:
She opened the door and the window
Would you like some pizza or pasta?
Do they prefer playing baseball or playing soccer?
You can find ducks in the fish pool or in the park.
He studied all night but he failed the test.
She woke up early yet she missed the class. (combine two clauses)
b. Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinating conjunction is a conjunction that is used to make complex
English sentences or complex sentences. The function of this conjunction is to
connect the main clause, independent clause or clause that can stand alone (main
clause) with the bound clause (subordinating clause). This conjunction is always
used at the beginning of a subordinated clause, it can also be used to open a
sentence. There are several subordinating conjungtions that are commonly used,
namely.Although,eventhough,while,if,until,whether,after,before,because,since,w
hen,where,how,and than.
Besides that, there are two ways to write a complex sentence, namely a
sentence that starts with the main clause, and a sentence that starts with a
subordinate clause. If you write a complex sentence with the main clause at the
beginning of the sentence, then you must place the conjunction after the main
clause and before the subordinate clause. But you can also use the subordinated
clause first, as long as the conjunction is at the beginning. Here's an example of
its use in a sentence:
You may leave the class after the bell rings.
They will lose if they don't practice.
We go to the beach before we eat at the restaurant.
Even though he got the dream job, he was still unhappy.
Because he got sick, he didn't go to school today.
Until I was 20 years old, I still lived with my parents.
c. Correlative Conjunctions
Correlative conjunction is a connecting word that is in pairs. The function of
this conjunction is to connect words, phrases and clauses that have a reciprocal
or complementary relationship. The conjunctions that are most often found or
that you can use are as follows.
Either…or
Neither…or
Whether…or
Both ….and
Not only…but also
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As…as
Such….that
Rather…than
The following are examples of sentences using correlative conjunctions
He will sell either his car or his house.
Adam Neither likes apples nor oranges.
You will have to take vaccines whether you like it or not.
CAHPTER III
A. Conclussion
Conjunctions (connection) is a word to connect words, expressions, or sentences and
so on, and not for any other purpose or purpose. Usage conjunctions :
1. And So : for two sentences that are both positive (+). Example : I am fine and so
are you.I am good and so are you.
2. And neither : for two sentences that are both negative (-). Example : I am not fine
and neither are you. I am not good and you are not either.
3. Both and (Cumulative : shows addition). Example with two subject use simple
present tense. Both I and you like swimming. Both I and you like to swim.
4. Either Or (Alternatives : indicates a choice (between two). An example with two
subjects using the simple present tense. Either I or you like swimming. Both me
and you like to swim.
5. Neither Nor (Alternatives : indicates a choice between the two). An example with
two subjects using simple present tense. Neither I nor you like swimming. Neither
I nor you like swimming.
B. Recommendations Or Suggestion
We as the authors realize that the paper that has been made still has many
shortcomings that need to be corrected, due to a lack of knowledge. Therefore, we
really hope for constructive criticism and suggestions from readers as evaluation
material for the future so that it can be useful for many people.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Nugraha, Benny. 2019. Modul 1 mata kuliah structrure Conjungtions And Transtitions .
Academic English.id( 2 agustus 2022). Conjunction: Konjungsi Bahasa Inggris, diakses
pada 06 Maret 2023. https://penerbitdeepublish.com/cara-menulis-daftar-pustaka-dari-
website/
Azar,B.S. 1989.Understanding And Esing English Grammar,London:Prentice Hall.
Dalam Nugraha, Benny. 2019. Modul 1 mata kuliah structrure Conjungtions And
Transtitions.
