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The Era of Football

Nicolás Patiño Ardila

Technical School Our Lady of the Presentation

Author's Notes

Nicolás Patiño Ardila, Office Automation Specialist, Nuestra Señora Technical School

Presentation

The correspondence related to this project must be directed to Nicolás Patiño Ardila.

Technical School Our Lady of the Presentation, Cl. 8 #4-09, San Gil, Santander

Contact:nicolaspat000@gmail.com
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Presentation

Teacher in charge Nelson Arturo Gil Rivero of the subject 'OFIMATICS'

School of Our Lady of the Presentation. With the due consideration it deserves, I deliver

the following project on the topic 'Football' wants to convey the essence of this sport.

important to know the way to play and how to learn to play it.

Therefore, in any observations that I should be made aware of, so that in a

next to be presented in the best way.

Sincerely

Nicolás Patiño Ardila

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Introduction

Football is a very large social circle thanks to its healthy entertainment and its following.

For almost everyone, it has become popular for gathering large numbers of people in a

scenario just by looking at kicking a ball and getting it into a rectangle made of

iron that a goalkeeper defends, but this is what those who just find out about this see.

immense sport that requires very good physical condition and a lot of game vision.

It is considered a process of updating cultural, moral, and aesthetic values,

which are based on great popularity and their universality.

This sport is based on scoring goals and winning by making the most of them with the obstacle of

the opponents who want to do exactly the same thing.

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Table of Contents

Nature of the Game...................................................................................................................5

Tactical Positions.................................................................................................................6

Goalkeeper or Goalkeeper

Defenses

Midfielders..................................................................................................................6

Origins

The Cambridge Rules

The Sheffield Rules

The football association and the Football Association....................................................................10

IFAB and the rules of the game........................................................................................11

Nature of the Game

Football is played following a series of rules, officially called the Laws of the Game.

sport is played with a spherical ball no larger than 70 cm and no smaller than 68 cm, and a weight not

greater than 450 g and not less than 410 g at the beginning of the match, where two teams of eleven
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players each compete for the same goal in the rival's goal, thus scoring a goal. The team

the team that has scored the most goals at the end of the match is the winner; if both teams do not score, or

they score the same number of goals, then a tie is declared, in some matches where

There must be a single winner; like in the quarter-finals, semi-finals, or finals, penalties must be used.

where a shot of 11 m to the goal is taken, the first phase is to repeat this 5 times in between each

team, and if it is not achieved, the second phase is activated, which is the team that fails one of the

penalties and if the other one scores a goal, it would be resolved and they would win.

Tactical Positions

Goalkeeper

This is responsible for defending or preventing the ball from entering their goal or net, also in the

goalkeeper's throw, can pass the halfway line dribbling the ball with their feet and can only

retain the ball with hands inside a rectangle that is 40.32 m wide and 16.5 m long.

Defenses

It is used to help the goalkeeper not to allow a goal, but he cannot hold the ball with his

hands in no part of the field unless it is a throw-in, otherwise it would be

a foul with a yellow card if it is not intentional, but if it is, they must be expelled from the field and their

the team would be left with only 10 players. They can fulfill the roles of the other positions.

tactics but if it is not intentional.

Midfielders

This is divided into three:

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Defensive Midfielder

It is an additional support for the defenders if they find it difficult at a given moment to defend.

goalkeeping, rarely goes on the attack, must have defensive skills and must move very well.

Creative Midfielder

It is responsible for creating the play from the beginning and organizing its team to score a goal, it has

a lot of game vision, must be a very good passer and should also have good dribbling.

Offensive Midfielder

He will always go on the attack and try to help the forwards and also the creative midfielder.

to give the possibility of a goal, has good game vision, good shot and pass.

Origins

Football was an invention of Victorian England to escape boredom.

from Sundays. Chesterton argues that it was the reason England decided
to become a colonial power.

Today, several dozen people practice soccer, spread across the five
continents." (Juan Antonio Bueno, Miguel Ángel Mateo, 2010, pg.28-29)

And thus the sport was created that is now global and very popular in the five continents,

each time it evolved with its regulations and rules of the game so that the players would not

they could do whatever they wanted with their rivals and thus avoid fights, as if it were a micro

republic where its lands are a very large playground for 22 players and 3

referees who are the ones who impose the law, and if they do not pay attention to the indications of this, it may be

he is expelled from the micro republic since he did not meet the given requirements.
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The Cambridge Rules

The records of the practice of different football codes in theUniversity of Cambridgehimself

they date back to the year 1579. Since then until the mid19th centuryeach team in the area

he competed in his matches with his own set of rules. It was in1848when two students from the

university, Henry de Winton and John Charles Thring, called on members of other

schools to define a single set of rules: the Cambridge rules, created together

al University Football Club. Apart from Cambridge, also

Eton, Harrow, Winchester, Shrewsbury, and Rugby participated. It is currently not preserved.

no copy of the rules of1848, although there is still one that corresponds to1856,

possibly different in terms of content, which is preserved in Shrewsbury.

The Cambridge rules were taken as the basis for the creation of association football and

of the Football Association in 1863. The only differences were that the rules of

The Association did not allow rough play and the use of hands to move the ball.

of touch.

The rules of1856the oldest that are preserved, contemplated different aspects of

game: the start and resumption of the game after each goal, thegoal kicksand of the band, the

use of hands to touch the ball and push or hold opponents, the definition of the

meetings and even a rule for offside. In 1862, Thring presented a game of rules

simple ones that reduced the amount of text and number of rules. (University of Cambridge,

1870
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Once the Cambridge rules were established, they were nailed to the trees.

Parker's Piece, a large park in the city used for popular games, and there they played the

first match following the new rules. For this reason, the inhabitants of Cambridge placed

a memorial plaque in the park that says:

Here in Parker's Piece, in the 1800s, students established a set

simple football rules emphasizing skill over strength, which prohibited

catch the ball and trip. These Cambridge rules were the influence

definitive of the rules of 1863 of the Football Association.

Association, 1863

The Sheffield Rules

The Sheffield rules were a codefootballin force in the

English city of Sheffield between 1857 and 1877. Nathaniel Creswick and William Prest conceived these.

rules with the purpose of being used by the Sheffield Football Club, which had been founded

Recently, the Sheffield Football Association adopted them as official after their creation.

in 1867. These expanded through thenorth of Englandand for theMidlandswhen other clubs and

associations began to use them, thus becoming the most popular throughout the

decades of the 1860s and 70s.

Six years after the creation of the Sheffield regulations, the highest body of this

sport in England, the Football Association —The Football Association or FA in English—

established its own standards. These were influenced by those of Sheffield but the
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disputes that arose from the existence of both regulations led to the Sheffield one.

remained in force. During this time, many rules were incorporated into the game. Likewise, it

They played matches regularly between Sheffield and London using both sets of rules.

This led to an agreement to unify them under a single regulation managed by the FA in

1877.

The rules notably influenced the development of the sport. Besides others, they introduced

the concepts of the free kick after a foul, corner kicks, and throw-ins. The fact

that the capturing of the ball with the hands was prohibited led to it being struck with the

goal. Likewise, the introduction of the positions of goalkeeper and forward is attributed to the

first matches that were played under these rules. The Sheffield rules were used both in

the first match played between two different clubs as in the first belonging to a

competition. (Sheffield Football Club, 1901)

The football association and the Football Association

Although it is difficult to establish a precise and generally accepted date, the birth of football

It usually closes on October 26, 1863, the day of the founding of The Football Association. Little

before that date Ebenezer Cobb Morley had made a call to the different schools and

clubs ofLondonto hold a meeting with the aim of regulating a new code of

soccer. From October 26 to December 8 of1863six meetings were held in

the Freemason's Tavern with the aim of regulating the code and creating a body that would govern the

new sport. Twelve clubs from different locations participated

from London: Barnes, Blackheath, Blackheath Proprietary School, Charterhouse, Civil

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Services(better known as War Office Club),Crystal Palace(founded on1861, do not confuse

with the current Crystal Palace), Forest of Leytonstone (future Wanderers FC), Kensington, NN

Football Club, Perceval House, Surbiton and The Crusaders.

In the last meeting, the regulations for the new sport were defined, which would be named

of association football (association football in Spanish), to differentiate it from other codes of

football of the era. During the last meetings, the Blackheath Football Club would abandon

theFAdissatisfied with the prohibition of tackles;40said club would become one of the

founders of the Rugby Football Union, the highest body of English rugby.

The13 rulesofficialized during the meetings were created based on thecode

Cambridge, which was considered the most suitable by the FA. The rules considered several

game aspect: the dimensions of the playing field and the goals, the toss and start of the

encounter, the situations after a goal, the scored goal, the throw-ins, the offside, the

goal kicks, the brands, the prohibition of running with the ball in hand, hitting or grabbing

with the hands to the opponent, to use the hands to throw or pass the ball, to take the ball

from the ground with the hands, the right to pass the ball if taken after a mark or the first

bounce and the materials of footwear.

With the creation of the game, theFootball Association, which until now

rules football in England. The first president of the association was Arthur Pember, while

that the position of secretary was first held by Ebenezer Cobb Morley.

Despite the unification into a single code, disputes over the creation of a code

definitive and universal continued until the late 1870s, particularly with the

followers of the Sheffield rules. In 1878, the final merger took place.
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betweenSheffieldyLondon(FA).46The creation of theInternational Football Association

Board put an end to all differences.

In the1880sa student and footballer namedCharles Wreford-Brownit would have been the

creator of the term soccer, a word that remains to this day as a noun for

to refer to association football. The term is used in the same way as rugger (rugby-er) is

used to refer to rugby. (Football Association, 1901)

IFAB and the rules of the game

Since the unification of rules1863on behalf of theFootball AssociationofEngland, each

the Association of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland played its matches with rules

slightly different, which caused problems when disputing matches against each other.

To remedy this, the English made a call to other associations to create a series

of universal rules. The first step towards achieving this was taken on December 6, 1882, when in

a conference in Manchester the four associations came to an agreement and developed a

rule game to be used throughout the kingdom. The establishment of the Board as such occurred four

years later: on June 2, 1886 in London the Scottish Football Association (Scotland),

the Football Association of Wales (Wales), the Football Association (England) and the Irish Football

Association (all of Ireland until 1921 and only Northern Ireland since the division of the island)

they held the first official meeting. The approach of the Home Nations, nickname for the four

associations, led to the creation of the British Home Championship, which began to be contested

in 1884 and lasted for 101 years.

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In1912a petition from theFIFAwas rejected for membership on the Board

alluding that the moment was not the most appropriate. During a special meeting in 1913 the

The topic was addressed again, although this time a time frame was given for the Home

Nations will analyze the issue internally. Finally, on April 4, 1913, FIFA became part of

part of IFAB66 and in June of that same year he participated for the first time as a member in a

official meeting.

The functioning of the IFAB consists of two ordinary meetings: betweenFebruaryyMarchof

Every year, the Annual General Meeting takes place, where changes to the rules are discussed.

of the game, and between September and October the Annual Business Meeting is the center of debate

topics related to the functioning of the Board, but changes to the rules are not allowed

game. (International Football Association Board, 1910)

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