ISAIAH

Introduction Chapter 16 Chapter 33 Chapter 50

Outline Chapter 17 Chapter 34 Chapter 51
Chapter 1 Chapter 18 Chapter 35 Chapter 52
Chapter 2 Chapter 19 Chapter 36 Chapter 53
Chapter 3 Chapter 20 Chapter 37 Chapter 54
Chapter 4 Chapter 21 Chapter 38 Chapter 55
Chapter 5 Chapter 22 Chapter 39 Chapter 56
Chapter 6 Chapter 23 Chapter 40 Chapter 57
Chapter 7 Chapter 24 Chapter 41 Chapter 58
Chapter 8 Chapter 25 Chapter 42 Chapter 59
Chapter 9 Chapter 26 Chapter 43 Chapter 60
Chapter 10 Chapter 27 Chapter 44 Chapter 61
Chapter 11 Chapter 28 Chapter 45 Chapter 62
Chapter 12 Chapter 29 Chapter 46 Chapter 63
Chapter 13 Chapter 30 Chapter 47 Chapter 64
Chapter 14 Chapter 31 Chapter 48 Chapter 65
Chapter 15 Chapter 32 Chapter 49 Chapter 66

INTRODUCTION

Date and Authorship. Isaiah, the son of Amoz, was apparently a

highly esteemed citizen of Jerusalem, who enjoyed access to
he was a trusted advisor of King Hezekiah. His
The ministry extended from the death of King Uzziah in 740 BC (if not
before) until the reign of the idolatrous King Manasseh, during whose persecution he
he was probably martyred. Tradition says that he was killed
cut in half (Heb. 11:37). Apparently, did not preach.
publicly after Manasseh ascended to the throne in 698, but
confirmed your message in the written form preserved in chapters 40
The height of his political influence was reached in the decisive year.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 2
from 701 B.C., when the Assyrian invasion threatened to destroy the Kingdom of Judah
and remove its inhabitants to slavery and exile. Through its
intercession before God, the terrible danger was miraculously
removed and the remaining army of Sennacherib fled
gloriously for Nineveh.
Historical Background. It was during the critical period of the last
mid-eighth century when Israel, the Northern Kingdom (the Ten Tribes),
suffered a rapid and catastrophic decline after the death of the fearsome
Jeroboam II. Samaria was finally destroyed after a desperate siege.
in the year 711. The long succession of wicked kings and the increasing decline
the biblical faith caused the downfall of Israel. Judah, under the government of
corrupt and degenerate King Ahaz, seemed ready to follow the example
horrible is the apostasy of Israel, and sought the protection and deliverance from the
Pagan Assyria, instead of seeking Jehovah, the God of their covenant. Against
this infidelity Isaiah and Micah established a severe protest and
determined. Around the year 626, the government was under the control of
Hezekiah, the son of Ahaz who feared God. He eliminated a large part
two "high" idolaters, even those who were dedicated to Jehovah
(contrary to His Law), and promoted the Bible study among all the people.
A near-fatal illness deepened Hezekiah's compassion, and the
the reform movement continued. But still Judah adhered to
the deceptive policy of trusting in pagan allies, even when Isaiah
vehemently warned against intrigues with Egypt. As predicted by the
prophet, the trust in the secular power of Egypt (and not in the protection of
God alone) proved almost fatal. The Egyptian armies
they crumbled in front of the violent onslaught of the death machine
Sennacherib, and only divine intervention saved Hezekiah's kingdom from
complete ruin. At this point in the crisis, the king was completely remorseful.
for ignoring the divine warnings (that were conveyed to him by
Isaiah rose to such heights of faith and purity of trust that the Lord
He/She condescended to hear your prayer.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 3
Hezekiah survived this moment of glory but only for
a few short years. So your young and willing son Manasseh
ascended to the throne. He listened to the worldly nobility, who had long been
she abhorred the religious purity imposed by her father, and with a spirit of
"liberality" gave way to the resumption of idolatry. Step by step it
even if he became a convinced idol worshipper, and brutally
pursued those he considers true to his father's faith. The corruption
the people's doctrine was accompanied by a moral decline
generalized. The king and the nobles who exploited the people with purpose
of selfish profits, filled Jerusalem with blood and plunder. In this
atmosphere of corruption and depravity Isaiah received a series of
wonderful revelations with a view to the future Babylonian conquest in
future century and beyond the period of the Restoration, when the Second
The Jewish state would be established in the Promised Land.
Theories of Authorship Critique. Mainly assuming that
a genuine predictive prophecy is impossible, the high rationalist criticism
have contested the authenticity of Isaiah 40-66 since the roots of the century
eighteen. The author of these chapters seemed to know about the fall of Jerusalem
(a good century after the death of Isaiah), and also of the restoration of
Palestine by the Jews captives after the fall of Babylon to the Persians
in 539 B.C. Therefore this section of 'Isaiah' must have been written by a
unknown author - the 'Deutero-Isaiah' - who lived at least 130
years after the death of the prophet of the eighth century.
To support this position, it is argued: a) that a point of view
futurist could not be maintained with reference to such a large
number of chapters; b) that the true name of the Persian conqueror,
Cyrus, who was destined to free the captive Jews, could not be
known a century and a half before the event. In reality, however,
a futuristic interpretation does not hold up in any way through
of all these twenty-seven chapters; many passages deal with
contemporary issues of the historical Isaiah. Secondly, the
Holy Scriptures do not hesitate to predict specific names when the
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 4
the occasion demands it. The name of King Josiah was foretold by a prophet from Judah
three centuries before his birth (1 Kings 13:2), in order to provide a
sign of the forthcoming destruction of the idolater altar of Jeroboam in
Bethel was commanded by the Lord. Bethlehem was specifically mentioned.
as the birthplace of the Messiah seven centuries before his
advent (Mic. 5:1, 2). Furthermore, it must be acknowledged that through
All sixty-six chapters of Isaiah gave me extraordinary emphasis on
predictive prophecy as a sign of divine inspiration. Some of the
predictions would soon be fulfilled (such as the deliverance of Jerusalem
by the army of Sennacherib through sudden and supernatural means - 37:33-35;
the defeat of Damascus within three years through Assyria - 8:4-7; the
destruction of Samaria within twelve years 7:16; the setback of the shadow
in the sundial - 38: 8).
Others were for a more distant future (such as the Glory that
he would come to Galilee as the Messiah - 9:1, 2; cf. Mt. 4:15,16; the devastation of
Babylon by the Medes and its final and total destruction, to the point of
to remain uninhabited and cursed forever - 13:17, 19, 20).
It should be noted that it was precisely the kingdom of the wicked Manasseh
(696-641 A.C.) that provided the most serious challenge to survival of the
true faith. It was therefore more appropriate on this occasion for Jehovah
maintainer of the alliance demonstrate His sovereignty and absolute authority
announcing one or two centuries in advance what the steps are
exact that taken for the judgment of the apostate Judah and against Babylon
that challenged God. This test of the fulfillment of prophecy could
provide irrefutable proof of the divine authority of the message of Isaiah:
Who has, like me, made predictions... let him declare... the things
futures, the things that are to come (to happen) ... perhaps since that one
I was not going to tell you, did I not announce it to you? You are my
witnesses" (44: 7, 8). (Cons. 41:21-23, 26; 42:9, 23; 43:9, 12).
It is imagined that this hypothetical 'Deutero-Isaiah' lived and
wrote in Babylon while participating in the Jewish Exile around 550
A.C. But this is impossible to reconcile with internal evidence.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 5
Isaiah 40-66 shows little familiarity with the geography of Babylon,
greater familiarity with Palestine. The mentioned trees are
natives of Palestine, but unknown in Babylon (the cedar, the cypress
and the oak 44:14; 41:19). The point of view is Palestinian, as it is said
that the Lord sent a message from Babylon (43:14); Israel was
described as the seed of Abraham that the Lord took from the "ends of the
land" (41:9), or "from the east" or "from a distant land" (46:11).
The contemporaries of the prophet are presumed to have lived in Palestine.
not in the land of exile. For example: "Is this not the fast that I chose:
unleash the bonds of iniquity, and let the oppressed be
liberated, and that you remove all bondage?
the Jews still maintained their own courts of justice (or
injustice) as an independent nation, and not that they were subject to a
foreign land.
Some of the more recent critics (such as Bernhard Duhm) have
abandoned the idea that any part of Isaiah 40-66 was written
in Babylon, but continues to insist that the book was not written before
from the last part of the Exile period or even a century later.
But this theory is also controversial because of the date of the text itself.
the same evils that prevailed in the time of Isaiah I still continued
exuberant in the last twenty-seven chapters as well. The hypocrisy
prevalence in religion (cons. 29:13 and 58:2.4); shedding of blood and
suffering were the order of the day (1:15 and 59:3, 7); falsehood, injustice and
oppression controlled everything freely (10:1, 2 and 59:3-9).
The same degeneration and moral failure that characterized the
reign of Manasseh, who "shed very much innocent blood, even until
"filling Jerusalem from one end to the other," prevail in 59:1.8 (II
Rice 21:16). The most decisive fact is that in Isaiah II idolatry emerges
as a widespread and prevalent evil among contemporary Jews of
prophet. "Who do you mock? ... that you burn with desire ...
under every leafy tree, and you sacrifice the children in the valleys, in the
"cracks in the cliffs?" (57:4, 5; cf. 65:2, 3 and 66:17, which also
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 6
They talk about the practices of the Jews of that time.) It is almost that
universally recognized by critics of all faiths that Judah
was completely purged of idolatry after the Babylonian captivity.
Many other evils and national sins are denounced and addressed in
post-exilic records of Ezra, Nehemiah, and Malachi, such as:
mixed marriages with foreign women, oppression of the poor by
the rich, the violation of the Sabbath and the evasion of tithes. But never the
idolatry was mentioned in any form or aspect, even if in the
pre-exilic records were widely discussed and severely denounced
as the Number One sin of Israel. The only logical conclusion that
we can shed light on the evidence that these anti-idolatrous passages
were composed before the Exile. And considering that included in
context of the rest of Isaiah II (also in 44:9-20 and others
tickets), it is only reasonable to assume that all twenty
and the seven chapters were composed before the fall of Jerusalem in 587.
There is no particle of internal evidence to support the theory of
a second Isaiah, outside of a philosophical prejudice against the
possibility of predictive prophecy. In every aspect we examine the
the only place of origin that satisfies the elements of the text is Palestine; the
the only occasion for the composition that fits the internal evidence is
a date prior to the Exile, and more specifically, the reign of
Manasseh.
The unity of the authorship of all sixty-six chapters
it is verified by the prevalence of the characteristic of the title that Isaiah gives to
God - "the Holy One of Israel". This happens only five times in the rest of the
V.T. appears twelve times in the first thirty-nine chapters of
Isaiah and fourteen in the last twenty-seven. Many phrases and figures.
different languages that were used in the first part of the book
they also appear in the second part (cons. 35:10 and 51:11; 11:9 and
65:25; 1:11, 14 and 43:24). The unity is also proven by
references of the N.T., notably in John 12:38-41, where John makes the
First citation from Is. 53:1 and then from Is. 6:9, followed by the commentary:
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 7
"This (i.e., these two citations) said Isaiah because he saw his glory and
"spoke about you." If the same author did not compose both parts of
Isaiah, then the inspired apostle was completely wrong, and all the
your evangelical record is subject to suspicion of falsity.

OUTLINE
(In its main divisions, this outline follows the excellent
analysis of B.F. Copass in The Prince of the Prophets.

VOLUME I. REPROACH AND PROMISE. 1:1 – 6:13.

Sermon I. Rebellion confronted with judgment and grace. 1:1-31.
Sermon II. The punishment of sin as preparation for glory. 2:1 – 4:6.
Sermon III. The judgment and exile reserved for Israel. 5:1-30.
Sermon IV. The prophet purified and commissioned by God. 6:1-13.

VOLUME II. EMANUEL. 7:1 – 12:6.

Sermon I. The Emmanuel rejected by the wisdom of the world. 7:1-25.
Sermon II. The messianic deliverance foreshadowed. 8:1 - 9:7.
Sermon III. The proud Samaria destined for exile. 9:8 – 10:4.
Sermon IV. The empire of the world crushed; the glorious empire
coming. 10:5 - 12:6.
A. The instrument of divine judgment to be judged in its turn. 10:5-34.
B. The Messiah to restore and reign. 11:1-16.
C. Thanksgiving and triumph of the redeemed by Christ. 12:1-6.

VOLUME III. SENTENCE OF THE JUDGMENT ON THE GENTILE NATIONS.

13:1 – 23:18.
Sentence I. The fall of Babylon; its king descends to Hades. 13:1 - 14:27.
Sentence II. The fall of Philistia. 14:28-32.
Sentence III. The fall of Moab. 15:1 – 16:14.
Sentence IV. The fall of Damascus and Samaria, 17:1-14.
Sentence V. The fall and conversion of Ethiopia, 18:1-7.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 8
Sentence VI. Afflictions of Egypt. 19:1 – 20:6.
Sentence VII. Babylon must be overcome and its idols destroyed.
21:1-10.
Sentence VIII. Defeat of Edom; victory of Israel. 21:11, 12.
Sentence IX. Dedan and Kedar must be dismantled. 21:13-17.
Sentence X. The fall of Jerusalem predicted; Eliaquim replaces Sebna.
22:1-25.
Sentence XI. The fall and slavery of Tyre. 23:1-18.

VOLUME IV. GENERAL REPROACHES AND PROMISES - I.

24:1 - 27:13.
Sermon I. Universal judgment for universal sin. 24:1-23.
Sermon II. Jehovah praised as the liberator and comforter of Zion.
25:1-12.
Sermon III. Hymn of joy for the consolation of Judah. 26:1-21.
Sermon IV. The oppressors must be punished but the people of God
preserved. 27:1-13.

VOLUME V. CURSES UPON THE UNBELIEVERS OF

ISRAEL. 28:1 – 33:24.
Sermon I. Judgment of the drunkards of Ephraim and Jewish mockers.
28:1-29.
Sermon II. The disaster that awaits the hypocrites. 29:1-24.
Sermon III. Trust in Egypt versus trust in God. 30:1-33.
Sermon IV. God, not Egypt, must be the defense of Jerusalem. 31:1-9.
Sermon V. The final deliverance of Israel and its spiritual renewal.
32:1-20.
Sermon VI. Punishment of the Traitor and Triumph of Christ. 33:1-24.

VOLUME VI. GENERAL REPROACHES AND PROMISES, II.

34:1 – 35:10.
Sermon I. Complete destruction of the worldly power of the Gentiles. 34:1-17.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 9
Sermon II. Blessings on the Path of Holiness. 35:1-10.

VOLUME VII. THE VOLUME OF HEZEKIAH. 36:1 – 39:8.

A. Destruction of Judah distant. 36:1 - 37:38.
Scene 1. Jehovah challenged by the world power of Assyria. 36:1-22.
Scene 2. Assyria receives the answer and is judged. 37:1-38.
B. Destruction of the King of Judah averted. 38:1 - 39:8.
Scene 1. Hezekiah recovers from a deadly illness. 38:1-22.
Scene 2. The foolish pride of Hezekiah and the divine rebuke. 39:1-8.

VOLUME VIII. THE VOLUME OF COMFORT. 40:1 – 66:24.

Section I. The Purpose of Peace. 40:1 – 48:22.

Sermon I. The sovereign majesty of Jehovah, the Comforter. 40:1-31.
Sermon II. God challenges the unbelieving idolaters. 41:1-29.
Sermon III. The Servant of Jehovah - individual and national. 42:1-25.
Sermon IV. The redeemed nation witnessing the Chaldean slavery.
43:1-28.
Sermon V. Israel bears witness to God against the idols. 44:1-28.
Sermon VI. The future liberator of the Gentiles and the conversion of footsteps.
45:1-25.
Sermon VIII. The fall of Babylon and the preservation of Israel.
46:1 - 47:15.
Sermon VIII. The worthy honor must be sustained by deliverance from
Israel. 48:1-22.

Section II. The Prince of Peace. 49:1 – 57:21.

Sermon I. The Messiah to restore Israel and enlighten the Gentiles.
49:1-26.
Sermon II. The sin of Israel and the obedience of the Servant. 50:1-11.
Sermon III. Encouragement to trust in God and not to fear man.
51:1-16.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 10
Sermon IV. Israel called to awaken and return to divine favor.
51:17 – 52:12.
Sermon V. The divine substitute atonement of the Servant. 52:13 – 53:12.
Sermon VI. Blessings resulting for Israel and the Church. 54:1-17.
Sermon VII. Divine grace for repentant sinners.
55:1-13.
Sermon VIII. The Gentiles will be included in the blessings of Israel. 56:1-8.
Sermon IX. Condemnation of the corrupt leaders of Israel.

Section III. The Peace Program. 58:1 – 66:24.

Sermon I. False worship contrasted with true worship. 58:1-14.
Sermon II. The confession of Israel and its deliverance brought about by God.
59:1-21.
Sermon III. Radiance and peace of the redeemed people of God. 60:1-22.
Sermon IV. The Gospel of the Joy of the Anointed. 61:1-11.
Sermon V. Restoration of Zion; destruction of the unfaithful pagans.
62:1 - 63:6.
Sermon VI. Israel asks for help based on the mercies of the past.
63:7 – 64:12.
Sermon VII. The divine mercy reserved for spiritual Israel.
65:1-25.
Sermon VIII. Blessings for true believers in the coming age.
66:1-24.

COMMENT

Isaiah 1
SERMON I. Rebellion Confronted with Judgment and Grace. 1:1-31.
The Vision. A technical term (hazon) for divine revelation,
like something that was displayed before the eyes of the mind of the prophet. In
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 11
in reality there is no vision (in the modern sense of the word) in
the whole first chapter. Isaiah. In Hebrew yesha'-yahu, "Jehovah is
salvation. Amos. "Strong" or "brave". Uzziah. Also known
like Azariah, a good king, who fell into the sin of pride and ended up
his days leper (reigned from 767-740 B.C.). Jotham (co-regent in 750-
740 and alone in 740-736). The pious successor of Uzziah. Ahaz (736-
716). An ungodly and idolatrous king, who caused the kingdom to sin. Hezekiah (co-
regent in 726.716, and alone in 716-698 B.C.), the pious son of
Ahaz who promoted the religious reform and paid much attention to the message
from Isaiah, except for the issue of his pro-Egyptian policy.

A.A Ingratitude and Rebellion of Judah Against God. 1:2-9.

2. The words are meant to understand that the inhabitants
angels of the heavens and the human inhabitants of the earth must serve as
witnesses of condemnation against the people of the divine covenant.
LORD. This title indicates the God of the covenant, 'Jehovah' (or more
properly, Yahweh), and in the E.R.A. it is thus everywhere. The name is
used whenever one finds themselves involved in a conventional relationship.
Revoltful. The first of the five significant terms used in
relation to sin in this chapter (com. vs. 4, 13). It means that sin
the original of man is the revolt against God through which he seeks
dethroning God from His place of primacy and replacing Him with oneself and
having your will as the supreme.
3. The ingratitude of these 'believers' has lowered them below the level of
brutish beasts, for even the beasts recognize and appreciate their
owners who feed and take care of them. Trough. Feeder,
to feed the animals. Does not understand. This common verb, "to understand",
is often used in Hebrew with the meaning of to possess and
to recognize a husband, wife, relative, or child. Israel ignored God,
but this ignorance was not involuntary, but deliberately preferred
for a rebellious and willful heart.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 12
4. Sinful. A participle of the verb 'hata', meaning
originally "missing the target" (cf. Prov. 8:6; Judg. 20:16); from there,
miss the rightful target of life, miss the path that God ordained.
Loaded. Like a cart with a heavy load. The load is the
iniquity of Israel – a perversion or distortion (de'awâ, "to distort"
or twist) the standard of righteousness and duty. Race of malignants. They make
part of the spiritual family of those who participate in foolish sin and
injurious (era'a, "to be foolish", "to be evil"). They were children
corruptors, that is, those who destroy or rot (hishhîth) what has been
healthy and perfect work. Having rebelled against the rightful sovereignty
from God over their hearts, they completely abandoned him, joining
if to the enemy, regarding moral life and behavior. Although
they frequently attended church, so to speak, keeping up external appearances
of mercy, in the eyes of God, however, they deserted by binding themselves to
enemies (vs. 11-15). A church-going hypocrite is one of the most precious
weapons of Satan.
They provoked the anger of the Holy One of Israel. This name given to God is the
most significant title used by the prophet Isaiah. In chapter 6
Jehovah reveals himself in a scene of heavenly glory as the Holy (Qadôsh),
that is, the transcendent God, who is entirely separate from
fragility and limitation of Creation (its majestic holiness), and
entirely separate from the sinful state and the corruption of man (his
holiness of purity). But this Saint proclaimed the family of Abraham,
Isaac and Jacob as His conventional sons. He gave them to them and they
They gave him a national level alliance, from their part, that was
sanctified before Mount Sinai (Ex 19:5-8). Therefore, he is the Holy of
Israel. Whenever this term appears in Isaiah (twelve times in chapters 1-
39, fourteen times in the chapters. 40-66), He presents His pure love and
saint acting in vindication of His conventional rights - wants
punishing His people when they reveal themselves to be disobedient, so that they
repent and return, wanting to defend and free him from his enemies
pagans. Being the Holy One of Israel, He could not remain inactive while
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 13
witnessed the deplorable apostasy of His people (they turned back).
Before, I had to discipline him, allowing him to suffer distress and invasion -
as had already happened.
5, 6. The land of Israel, and more specifically the Southern Kingdom of
Judah was figuratively presented as the victim of a brutal assault.
abandoned, bleeding, and half-dead by the roadside. The method
the old way of treating an infected wound was to squeeze it (hence the
translation, not squeezed) to release the pus, anointed with olive oil
olive to continue purging and then tie him up with bandages.
None of these things were done for Judah. The whole heart is
sick. This is not just about external distress, but also
illness of the soul. This disease of the head and the heart (v. 5)
found expression in willful obstinacy and in disobedience of the
nation, manifested against God.
The figurative language of the previous verses has now been
translated into unpleasant reality, describing the devastation of the land
by the looting Syrians (under King Rezim), by the Israelites of Node (under
the King Peca) and by the Edomites and Philistines in 734-733 B.C. (see II Chron.
28). Jerusalem itself was threatened by these invaders and
greatly disconnected from the surrounding territories by those who
sitiaram. Indeed, these verses were seen prophetically in the future.
a much more serious assault against Jerusalem by the Assyrians under the
leadership of Sennacherib in 701 B.C. (some masters prefer that
this entire chapter refers to that later period). I think the cabin
(sukkah) in the vineyard and the hut or night shelter (melunah), both are
they refer to improvised half-water roofs or constructed tents
for the shelter of guards who protected the crops from thieves that
they would mature.
9. Some survivors or groups of refugees (saríd). That is,
a remnant of true believers, for the sake of whom God
would save the whole nation from a well-deserved total destruction.
complete annihilation of Sodom and Gomorrah, centers of immorality
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 14
filth and sexual perversion, in the time of Abraham; Gen. 18; 19), the Lord
continuing, in the subsequent story, to preserve the Hebrew race out of love
of a small minority of sincere believers. In Rom. 9:29, Paul cites
this verse refers to the converted Christians coming from
Judaism.

B. The Sinful Subterfuge of Hypocritical Worship. 1:10-15.

10. The apostate people of Jerusalem and their corrupt governors
(under the leadership of the wicked Ahaz) are here referred to as citizens
of Sodom and Gomorrah because they guiltily and wickedly turned their backs
to the special revelation of God – like the Sodomites with the revelation
generalized – and the voice of conscience.
11-14. These verses do not represent a rejection of the validity of
bloody sacrifice (as some masters have argued), for such
interpretation could also lead to the rejection of the prayer (cf. v.
15). First, they clarify that even the correct and appropriate forms
of worship are entirely offensive to the Lord when rendered by
unrepentant believers who try to bribe Him to spare them
the punishment they deserve. God does not accept and cannot accept even the
more prodigal and more extravagant offers than those who are unrepentant
they can place it on the altar.
12. When the presumptive believer does not have sincere purposes of
abandon your evil ways, your presence before God in the Temple
it results in the desecration (RSV) of the sacred spaces (a verb)
used with reference to the violent intrusion of foreign invaders) and
not in a properly reverent entrance to the sacred pavement.
13. Vain offers. Literally, an unworthy offer (of delicacies) –
indignation due to carnal motivations. Iniquity associated with
solemn assembly. Better translated by placing the previous words
as an anticipation (once a solemn gathering takes place
generally done on these solemn holidays). Thus: "As for the festival of
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 15
the new moon and the Saturday of the convocation – I cannot stand wickedness and
(that is, together with) the solemn gathering.
14. Your solemnities. (mô âdim). Probably the three most
important events of the Hebrew year: Passover and the Unleavened Bread in the first month,
Pentecost in the third month and Tabernacles in the seventh month. In these three
On occasions, every male in Israel had to appear before the Lord.
But no celebration of these festivals had any spiritual value if
if not sustained by the offering of a completely full heart
submissive and obedient.
15. You extend your hands (lit. palms). In supplicatory prayer
the Hebrew extends his hands with palms facing God. Like
these hands must offend God if they are stained with blood of
innocent victims who were oppressed or killed! failure to turn back
of their sins rendered these believers completely unclean in the eyes
of God.

C. The Invitation to Choose Between Forgiveness and Destruction. 1:16-20.

Two things are necessary for those who intend to
to draw near to God in search of forgiveness and favor: repentance of the
sin (v. 16) is a defined purpose of walking in the ways of
holiness (v. 17).
16. Washing yourselves does not imply self-improvement by means
human efforts or the exercise of willpower. Before, it suggests
application of the gracious promise of the Lord to purify those who come
He in the indicated way that is the bloody sacrifice. This way
indicated includes the abandonment of all known sin - cease from
to do evil – with a feeling of hatred towards him and sincerely
regret for having committed it. Before my eyes, it gives the idea
what a foul face it is for man to appear, without regret,
in front of a God who can see everything, even in the depths of
a guilty soul.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 16
17. Learn to do good. That is, learn to live virtuously and
honestly, according to the holy will of God, and particularly
Be fair to the weak and oppressed. Attend to justice. Have
a firm and consistent purpose of applying the principles of justice to
concrete situations (mishpat). The main concern of a believer
it must be to demonstrate true justice and honesty, even
for those who are easily victimized and cannot defend themselves.
Defend the right of the orphan. Judge and judges both come to judgment, 'to judge'.
This order means: "Be fair and impartial in dealing with rights of"
"orphan". Plead the case of the widows using another legal term, rîb, which
means 'to argue or plead or plead about someone's case'. A
a widow must receive her legal rights even against a wealthy litigant or
influential. At that time, considering that a woman could not
working in the industry, the loss of a husband usually meant total
absence of income. Forced to mortgage their properties, soon
fell into the hands of rich moneylenders, who had no qualms about taking away his
properties or in selling their children as slaves for payment
of debit.
18. Come now, and let us reason together. Another legal term. The Lord was
saying: "Let's sue each other as plaintiffs and
defender in a court.
guilty who had repented and showed the desire to live
piously, as described in 1:16, 17. No matter how heinous...
They were the crimes of yours, although they contained the glaring guilt of the
spilled blood (and the scarlet and crimson dye mentioned here
were absolutely firm and unyielding), however the grace of God was
able to completely purify them and restore them to immaculate whiteness
from innocence.
The fate of the people depended on their reaction to this offer.
that required them to turn away from their wickedness to receive the benevolent
the promises of the Lord, and if they were obedient (that is, they presented themselves
as living sacrifices to do the will of God, making this the
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 17
main purpose of their lives), then it would be right and proper that God
He would grant them His favor. He would indicate and seal His favor.
granting them the visible blessings of material prosperity,
surely protected from invaders. But if they continued
rejecting Your benevolent offer and persisting in their rebellion against
a just divine sovereignty over their hearts, He would have to untie the
heathen invader over them to create devastation in their midst. Because the
the mouth of the Lord said. This formula was added due to being
special solemnity. Containing the pronouncement of the Lord Himself, this
the predictive warning would really happen; otherwise God would not be
but God and His word did not deserve trust. In this case the
fulfillment came in two installments: the Assyrian invasion in 701 B.C. and
the Chaldaean invasions in 588-587 B.C. The Jews were really
devoured by the mouth of the sword.

D. The Sadness of Jehovah in the Face of the Moral Decline of Judah. 1:21-23.
21. By transgressing the conventional relationship with the Lord,
Israel committed a sin similar to that of a wife who becomes
unfaithful to her husband. Trampling on the tender bonds of marriage is to hurt the
your husband in the area where he is most sensitive and vulnerable; therefore
this is the cruelest mistake that can be perpetrated. There was a time when
that Israel (in the time of Joshua and David) was a faithful wife to Jehovah and in its
affection clung to Him. In those days the doctrinal purity of Israel was
accompanied by moral justice and applied the laws equally in
benefit for all. But when the nation later became "liberal,"
ready to see "the good in all religions," soon went off to the
spiritual prostitution, the prostitution of the soul with false gods and
abominable to the pagans. The doctrinal decline was accompanied by the
moral decline and killer gangsters came to dominate life and
politics of the Holy City!
22. Your liquor mixed with water. The wine used to be
diluted with water before being served at the table. But the traders were
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 18
thank you for dealing honestly with buyers by selling only
pure product, undiluted.
23. Princes . . . rebels. That is, against the sovereignty and law of God.
These princes and government authorities, who were in charge
to uphold the law and protect the public against crime, were
secretly allied with the underworld – companions of thieves.
Those who decided judicial cases and established their cost; the
the richest litigant in each case was sure to obtain the verdict
favorable. The poor and the defenseless, such as widows and orphans, neither
they were not even given the right to be heard in a hearing, because not
they had the right to bribe the judge.

E. Restoration After Punishment and Repentance. 1:24-31.

24. The Lord of Hosts, that is, of the armies of the mighty
angels that serve at Your disposal. This divine title implies Your
omnipotence and sovereignty. This thought is strengthened by the phrase
Additionally, the Mighty One of Israel, which alludes to the miraculous power of
Lord (proven by the miracles of the Exodus and the conquest), who now
it could be used against the conventional apostate nation and no longer
for your benefit. I will seek satisfaction. Literally, I will comfort myself
You will relieve me of my adversaries. That is, He would relieve His
feelings of holy displeasure that had long been repressed
in the face of the blatant violation of His covenant and the oppression of the weak in
Israel. He would inflict the deserved punishment on the entire Jewish state and crush
entirely your wicked leaders.
I will turn my hand against you. Literally, I will make my
hand go back over. This indicates the special divine interference in taking
an appropriate and summary action against the offenders; or, as here,
to deal with them according to their spiritual conditions. Only the fire of
the furnace can dissolve the harmful mixture and the slag present in the metals
that are being refined; hence the scorching trial of suffering
And the exile is implicit here in the divine promise.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 19
26. Your judges, as they were in ancient times, that is, in the time of
Joshua, David, and Solomon. God would not ignore the free will of the nation of
Israel, but, nevertheless, He would ensure that His ideal of a people
conventional pious one day would come true. The Israelites, despite their
willful stubbornness would not permanently frustrate His
purposes. He would still make Jerusalem a city of justice, a faithful city.
This would be spiritually fulfilled in the formation of the Church of the N. T. (cons.
Heb. 12:22 - "to the heavenly Jerusalem"). But it would also be fulfilled in
glorious city of the Millennium, under the personal government of Christ.
27. Redeemed, that is, rescued or bought back from its state
of slavery. For justice. Not for some way of salvation that diverts
the guilt of sin. A judicial act that inflicts punishment on the enemies of
God (and to the enemies of His chosen people), and also about the
Redeemer, as a representative of sinners, at Golgotha.
28. Those who forsake the LORD; that is, even if they are Israelites.
nominal. Only the converted and true believers will share in the glorious
future of Zion. The rest will be destroyed along with the pagans.
29. For you will be ashamed. At the Final Judgment, when they will be
unmasked as madmen who risked their immortal souls in a
lie sealed their eternal destiny; and even in this life, when the
calamity and the reward flows over them, and their false idols
they prove incapable of freeing them. Oaks and gardens refer to
to the superstitiously revered forests and the gardens of delights
linked to the temples of idolatry, where sexual orgies took place in
connection with pagan cults (cons. 57:5).
30. That does not have water. Contrast with the lush green tree 'next to
the stream of waters" from Psalm 1, whose leaves do not wither. When not
there is a vital connection with life and the Spirit of God, it can only result in
deterioration.
31. Your work, (for the word 'work' can be spelled like this in
hebrew, and it better reflects the meaning in this context). The wicked deeds
the sins in this life will provide the basis for their condemnation and burning
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 20
destruction in the end. And there will be no one to erase them. No power
a human can divert this burning punishment of sinners no
repentant, and the punishment will be infinite and eternal.

Sermon D. Punishment of Sin as Preparation for Glory. 2:1 - 4:6.

Isaiah 2
A. God's Target for Israel: Spiritual Conquest, Peace
Durable. 2:1-4.
2:2. The mountain of the house of the LORD (Jehovah). Namely, Mount Moriah
(which came to be called Zion), upon which was built the
Temple of Solomon. But the literal Temple was a type of the temple
spiritual - the Church of the N. T., or the body of Christ (Eph. 2:21), the light of
lighthouse of divine testimony to the world. The gathering of the nations in
Jerusalem with sincere faith means, therefore, the conversion of the Gentiles.
But, considering that this scene is said to have taken place in recent days, and
considering that other passages teach us that the Kingdom of God
eventually will conquer all the kingdoms of this world, we must therefore
awaiting the time of Christ's return, at the end of our present
dispensation, for the final fulfillment of this prophecy. In this verse
we are ensured with a vision of God's final goal for Israel and
for the human race. And it will rise over the hills. The Kingdom of God
will be exalted above the kingdoms of this world (Dn. 2:35). All peoples.
All nations, or gentile nations, to distinguish from the 'people' of
Jehovah - the Israelites. But these are mentioned in verse 3 as
many nations, or 'ammîm.
3. The primary concern of the surviving gentiles of the "last
"Days" will be to discover God's will and to do it. And they will be eager.
to lead others to share in the blessings of the covenant relationship
with God, for they will exhort and encourage one another to come to Him.
They will seek to learn His ways and will walk in His paths.
of holiness. From Zion... the law. Zion here represents divine revelation.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 21
authorized, since it was in Zion that God met with the
man for his illumination and forgiveness, and nowhere else. The law or
Torah here means 'revealing instruction' in the broadest sense (a
once we are able to instruct, 'to instruct'). The verb will be
it can also be equally translated as 'sai' (in the present tense).
Therefore, it can also be included in what the converted nations
they will say in the 'last days' when they realize the unique validity of the revelation
Hebraic-Christian.
4. He will judge among the peoples. The Lord Himself (that is, Jehovah)
Jesus, according to 11:3, 4) will impose His just government over the earth and
nations will compete to practice justice and honesty among themselves, No
there will be, therefore, international struggles, nor aggressive nations; all the
countries will live together in peace. It will correct. First, it will advise (that is,
like a judge sitting on the bench). Since there will be no appeal to
weapons or violence to resolve differences - for everyone will be
governed by the court decision of casto - the weapons of war will be
converted into instruments of peace or economic productivity. The
The millennial kingdom will be characterized by a society without wars.

B. The Judgment of Sin Will Precede the Government of the Messiah. 2:5 - 4:1.

1) A Matured Nation for Judgment. 2:5-11.

5.In light of God's promises of forgiveness for sinners
repentant, and in view of the glorious prospects of future conversion of the
gentiles, the prophet insists to his countrymen that they walk in the light and
I live pleasing God, trusting in Him for the fulfillment of His
word. They should do it even if it meant running against the
the current of the times and oppose the current of fashion inclinations.
Judah had eagerly adopted the new ideas of the pagans and had accepted
many elements of pagan religions and morality... became filled with
corruption of the East. Literally. They were full of ideas and
influences of Assyria and Babylon. From their Philistine neighbors on the coast
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 22
Western, embraced the faith in nosagoureiros ('onenín probably
originally meant 'those who gather omens in the clouds'.
And they associate... Before, they applaud like the children of foreigners,
a term used in relation to pacts and the common defense of causes.
7. The triumphant campaigns and the commercial operations of Uzziah
resulted in considerable economic prosperity in Judah, but this
wealth only served to encourage the Jews in materialism and in
negligence of the God of the Bible. From such carnality from that point of view was
easy and natural to turn to idol worship and join the rest of the world in
adoration of the creature more than the Creator
9. Before the most abominable idols – Baal, Astarte, Milcom,
Dagom and Hadade and all the others – both the highest classes of
Judah how the common people bowed in pagan worship. Allow
this sin permanently and without punishment cast the greatest discredit
about the divine cause and would compromise His glory. That is why Isaiah prayed.
asking to vindicate his truth by punishing those who
shamefully they were walked on with feet.
10. As if it were assured that Jehovah would certainly visit with the
judgment on all those who despised His revealed Word, the prophet
exhort those who have not repented from all generations to seek
coat, if you can. For all the nations will be devastated with terrible
revives and all civilization that ignores the message of the Bible. Here
We noted the hint of the incomparable horrors of the Great Tribulation.
what is to come. The immediate reference, however, is undoubtedly to
historical judgments of the Assyrian and Chaldean invasions. Not only Israel and
Judah, but all the pagan nations of that period as well
they would experience overwhelming blows of tragedies as each
successive empire would rise and fall.

2) The Pride of Man to Be Crushed on the Day of the Lord. 2:12-22.

12. The day of the LORD (Jehovah). A term often repeated in the
prophetic books. Refers to the special divine intervention in history.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 23
humanity imposing catastrophic judgments on nations and empires. How
a process, the Day of the Lord occurs whenever God crushes the
pretensions and the power of human society in revolt against Him; by
example the fall of Nineveh and the Assyrian Empire in 612 B.C., the fall
from Jerusalem in 587 and the fall of Babylon in 539. But as a
eschatological occurrence, the Day of the Lord is that final event
to which all these previous and partial judgments point
prophetically, that final defeat of all human power that
will precede the second coming of Christ (according to II Thessalonians 1:7 - 2:12; II
Pe. 3:12; Acts 2:20.
13. Cedrosecarvalhos. Symbols of pride, the self-leaders
sufficient of society (as in 10:33, 34). Similarly the
mountainous hills are symbols of the citadels on the heights of the hills and
the kingdoms ruled by them (as in 2:2), with the included connotation
of human pride and self-confidence in the phrase everything is exalted.
16. The ships of Tarshish. A term that applies, it seems,
broadly, especially to the large merchant ships, capable
to make the trip to distant Tarshish (probably Sardinia and also
Spain) - whether they were really busy in trade or not
Tarsis (as those built in Eziom-Geber certainly were not;
II Cr. 20:36). Everything that is beautiful to the eye. Or, pleasant images.
Probably the beautiful objects of art and craftsmanship that these
Merchant ships would bring to the wealthy buyers.
19. In the caves of the rocks. Smaller caves, a traditional
hiding place in case of invasion or greater calamity (see I Sm.
14:11). But this seems to definitely refer to the events of
At the sight of modern weapons of destruction, the need to
to shelter under the ground or in the caves of the mountains to escape from a
overwhelmingly destructive force seems very up-to-date.
20. The complete collapse of all defenses and security measures
on which worldly people rest, will ultimately result in
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 24
your anguished rejection of all false gods and their philosophies that
they placed it in the place of the only true God.
22. Depart from man. Cease to place your trust in
man (in contrast to God, the only true refuge). Breath . . . in the
your nose. A reminder of the fragile mortality of man. Once
cutting off the breath in his nose, the man's life is extinguished and his
power may go (even being a Sennacherib or a Tirraca).

All Social Scales Must Be Humiliated and Punished.

3:1 - 4:1.

Isaiah 3
1. Sustento is simply the masculine form of the Hebrew word
paracajado. Both words mean what someone is about
supports. In this case, the harvests and the rains are mentioned as support
the basis for the material well-being of the nation.
2, 3. Besides the drought and the spring that would assault the land of Judah, also
the ruling classes of Jewish society would be removed from their position
in the government and in the army; and even the skilled craftsmen,
those responsible for the manufactured products would be removed. The land
remains without leadership and without resources. This sentence was gradually
executed by the successive invasions of Nebuchadnezzar, particularly
in 597 B.C., when "he took captive... the main men of the land.
all the brave men, up to seven thousand, and the craftsmen and blacksmiths up to
"thousand, all of them right-handed in war" (2 Kings 24:15, 16).
4. Boys as princes. Children not only in terms of age (the
perverse and degenerate King Manasseh, who reigned from 698 to 642 B.C.
was only twelve years old when he began to reign), but especially
as for prudence and political ability. Such were Joaquim, Jeoaquim
and Zedekiah. These kings, because of their foolish wavering between Egypt and the
Babylon, they brought their land to complete destruction within twenty years.
after the death of the good King Josiah.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 25
6. You have clothing, that is, outer garments or a robe (simlâ), which
he would stand out as a relatively rich man on that future day of
misery. He was therefore qualified to govern over the others, who
they would be too poor to own that type of clothing.
7. Doctor. A comforter, someone who can take care of others.
what wounded or in need. Such a nation would be so despised
that men would not consider it an honor to rule over her.
Those who were invited to do so would excuse themselves on the basis of
your poverty.
8. Jerusalem is ruined. Literally, it stumbled and fell. Your
the coming destruction has already been decided by God, although it should not be
consummated until about 150 years later. Its glorious
presence.literally.
9. Because they harm themselves. They hurt themselves.
12. The oppressors of my people are children. Incompetent,
degenerate governors, who no longer had the capacity to govern
of unstable and reckless children, influenced by their
cunning lovers.
These tyrannical governors and aristocrats could be
immune to the punishment of human courts deserved for their cruelty
exploitation of the people of Jehovah; but God himself would punish them because
of their infidelity towards what had been entrusted to them, which constituted
a personal insult to God.
The elegant women's society of Jerusalem will have surrendered to the
flirting and coquetry to attract the husbands of other women. They
delivered the latest fashions in jewelry, hairstyles, and clothing. They only
they were concerned with the decorations, not with the law of God or its sacredness
mission in life. But all these flashy trinkets scattered across the
those who sold their souls would have them ripped away in the next invasions
(from Assyria and Babylon). Her nakedness would be uncovered when they were
taken as miserable slaves by their conquerors (v. 17). Or
they would crouch in some miserable corner, full of despair and
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 26
sackcloth and ashes. All your earthly properties would be
destroyed or taken away and their men would be killed. (The Scroll
...a garment of sackcloth;
certainly, in place of beauty there will be shame.

Isaiah 4
1. So few would be the male elements of the population, after the
the slaughter of war, that each surviving man would be troubled by
various single women to marry them, being ready
to sustain themselves.

C. Final Blessings of Revived Israel Under the Government of the Messiah.

4:2-6.
2. That day refers to the period that has just been described,
except with regard to the Assyrian and Chaldean devastation foreshadowing the
tribulation of the 'last times'. Previously, it refers to the end period,
when the Messiah will come to reign over the earth. This is the strength that
usually has the phrase, 'on that day', throughout all the books
prophetic of the O.T. Renewal (semah) refers to Christ himself as
descendant of the promised lineage of David. The same word,
literally, shoot, was used with reference to the Messiah in Jer. 23:5;
In her, the true beauty and glory will be found.
Israel (in contrast to the false and worldly beauty of
women's society of Jerusalem). Note the final prosperity
promised only to the Israelites who are saved (peletâ). Although the
the nation as a whole needed to be rejected due to disobedience,
the Lord would continue to operate in His purpose with the true ones
remaining believers (as Paul later highlighted in Rom.
11:5.
Only those who have been sanctified with the new birth and
who were intimately transformed to reflect the holiness of Christ
they will be listed as citizens of the spiritual Jerusalem. Purified from
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 27
carnality and worldliness, the women of this holy city
they will stand out completely from those of the generation of Isaiah.
But this new order will not prevail until the Spirit of God
have purified the city of its wickedness and idolatry with fire
judgment and suffering. On that future day, the presence of Jehovah will be
again the right thing for Israel as in the days of the Exodus, and the Lord
He will protect His righteous children from all calamities and adversities.
(This sermon concludes, as it began in 2:2, with a picture)
shining from a final fulfillment of the divine conventional plan
for Israel.)

Isaiah 5
Sermon III. The Judgment and the Exile Prepared for Israel. 5:1-30.
A. Bad Product of the Vineyard of the Lord. 5:1-7.
Chronologically, this is the first time that the vine appears as
symbol of Israel. Not in the Old Testament, the figure begins to appear in Jeremiah 12:10 and
in Psalm 80. In the N.T. it appears in the Parable of the Wicked Tenants
(Synoptic Gospels), and, with special adaptation, in the speech of Christ
about the vine and the branches (John 15). My beloved may not refer to
God (for this term, dôd, has not been used in this way in any other
place), but to some friend of Isaiah who suffered such disappointment in
his vine. However, the way in which the prophet identifies with this
"beloved" in Is. 5:4 indicates a mystical union between them that better reflects
it applies to the relationship of a prophet with God of whom he is a spokesperson.
What an inexcusable sin it was for Israel to produce such bad fruit.
when God granted you all possible advantages in a land
beautiful and fertile! Your inevitable punishment should be the removal of your fence
protector and its devastation by the invaders.

B. The Judge's Verdict: Guilty on Seven Counts. 5:8 -23.

8, 9. Guilty of greed. For execution of mortgages and for forcing
the sale of land, the wealthy owners acquired all the farms
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 28
neighbors to form large assets. But all of this would be
torn away: your mansions would be left in smoking ruins and
their fertile lands would become almost barren when the invaders
foreigners would finish their sinister work.
Guilty of frivolous amusements and vicious dissipation.
They would get up early, not to start the day with God in prayer,
but to start it with your bottles of drinks, in drunkenness. And
they ended the day with drinks and music. Ignoring God and His
holy purposes for their lives, their temporal punishment would be captivity,
exile and hunger (v.13); and his eternal punishment would be destruction in
Hades (sheol) with all its ostentatious possessions. Its beautiful
heritages would revert to simple pastures (v. 17). The justice of God
he would receive complete vindication in his destiny (v. 16).
18,19. Guilty of cynical materialism. As worshipers of
idols pulling the chariot of a great idol in a festive procession,
these apostates dragged the idol of their iniquity, challenging the Holy
from Israel as if it were incapable of intervening in human history to
exercise your sovereignty.
20. Guilty of reversing the patterns of morality. They proclaimed the
depravity of character as virile force and sensual impurity as
true virtue and power.
21. Guilty of intellectual pride and self-sufficiency.
They considered themselves wiser than God and imagined themselves more
more experienced than the generations of the past.
22. Guilty of alcohol indulgence. They measured strength by
dissipation and excesses.
23. Guilty of corruption. They sold their integrity for silver.
when in public office and they stole from the innocent poor
your legal rights in the courts.

C. The Sentence of God: Defeat and Devastation by an Enemy

Foreigner. 5:24-30.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 29
Like a wilted plant, rotten at the roots, that suddenly
disintegrates into dust, or like dry stubble that suddenly starts to
burn at the contact of the most insignificant spark, so much so
Israel quickly disintegrated. Its spiritual dryness sprouted from its
brazen rejection of the Word of God (v. 24). Therefore, the Lord ...
his hand (v. 25); that is, his miraculous power would be directed against them.
and not against your enemies. Their corpses would lie like trash in the
streets. The agents of this revenge would be the invaders of a land
distant (from Assyria and Babylon, for example) - and not from Syria or others
neighboring lands, – and their attacks would be spectacularly sudden. The
enemy warriors would be fierce and cruel, and their armies would swallow the
Palestine like high tide. (These specifications were met in
Nebuchadnezzar after his victory at Carchemish in 605 B.C.

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Sermon IV. The Prophet Purified and Commissioned by God. 6:1-13.
A. The Vision of God in His Holiness. 6:1-4.
The death of Uzziah in 740 or 739 B.C. marked the transition of a
golden age, of spiritual vigor in Judah (at least until the king
he sinned by presumption ten years before his death); and Ahaz, his grandson
incredulous, perhaps already exerted some influence in Jotão's government.
For the discouraged prophet, when kneeling in prayer in the Temple at
Jerusalem, the Lord granted a transformative vision of His glory.
Thus he assured Isaiah that, despite the apparent victory of evil
over the earth, the Lord Jehovah continued reigning omnipotent over His
celestial throne, worshiped by the powerful celestial angels (symbolically
represented by the six-winged cherubim). Even the foundations of the Temple
the earth trembled under the roar of the angelic choir, and the sanctuary
filled with the smoke of the incense of worship prayer.

B. Confession, Purification, and Sanctification. 6:5-7.

Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 30
How could impure lips repeat the angelic hymn? Their
consciousness weighed under the feeling of weakness and failure
personal. He could do nothing but confess his inability and
fallen condition. But God's redeeming grace rushed to meet
to your need, applying a coal from the altar to your lips
incense (originally from the altar of burnt offering; cons. Lev. 16:12). Isaiah
was thus purified and equipped for praise, intercessory prayer and
proclamation of the word of God.

C. Response and Commissioning of the Submissive Believer. 6:8-13.

Every believer is saved to serve; he is, ipso facto, a witness.
divine from the moment of conversion. But note that Isaiah was
invited through the question: Who will go for us? (v. 8). God
One can only use spontaneous service filled with love. Next to the trio.
exclamation "Holy" from 6:3, this reference made to us may point to
the trinitarian plurality that exists in God (although it may also include the
angels as associates of God in common perspective and purpose.
Isaiah was thus commissioned to preach the faithful message of God.
fearlessly, although his ministry could lead to rejection and
apparent failure.
Continue listening
continue seeing. Having anticipated the rejection of the message of Isaiah
for Israel, she would already be as if she had not been heard. And her lack of
the willingness to listen to you would result in judicial blindness of your
hearts. (For the sake of clarity, your negative response is in the mode
imperative, although it is clear that the prophet would not have quoted those words
exactly when addressing the people.)
13. Yet his work would not be in vain, for after the total
destruction of the Chaldean invasion prophesied here (resulting in complete
depopulation of the tone), it declines part of the population deported from Judah
will take (for that is how this verb should be translated)
view of the meaning of the name of Isaiah's son, Shear-jashub - A-
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 31
(it will return in the next chapter). That is, a remaining one would return to the
Palestine by faith, confirming in the divine promises to establish them.
However, until this remnant. silk consumed by the invasion and by
war (notably during the time of Antiochus IV of Syria). Israel only
perpetual by the fidelity of an even smaller remnant, the holy one
seed, that would sprout from the stump of the cut down tree of Judah. (The terebinth
and the oak are especially subject to the production of such shoots in
your stumps.)

VOLUME II. EMANUEL. 7:1 - 12:6.

Isaiah 7
Sermon I. The Emanuel Rejected by the Wisdom of the World. 7:1-25.
A. The People of God Face Danger. 7:1, 2.
Syria and the Northern Kingdom, Israel, formed an alliance against the
danger of a revived Assyrian empire, and they made the decision to
to introduce Judah into his coalition, even if it meant dethroning Ahaz and
replace him with a puppet king, the son of Tabeel (see Albright, "The
"Son of Tabeel", BASOR, § 140, pages 34, 35). Leading his
armies in the victorious invasions recorded in 2 Chronicles 28, they did
tremble with fear before the men of Judah, even in much smaller numbers,
commanded by their wicked king.

B. The Promise of God's Deliverance. 7:3-9.

3. Acaz inspected the city's water supply in preparation.
for the siege that was about to come (probably in 735 B.C.). God
revealed to the prophet the exact thoughts that were passing through the mind of
he instructed him to confront Ahaz, bringing along the young Shear-
Jashub, probably because of the blessed promise contained in his
name - A remainder will return (from captivity).
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 32
7.Without previously mentioning the unrepented sins of the king,
God, through Isaiah, made him a promise of practical deliverance,
treating him with benevolence, even though it is undeserved.
8. In sixty-five years Ephraim will be destroyed. That is,
around 669 BC (counting from 735). Really,
Samaria fell within eleven years. (722 B.C.) and its population was
deported beyond Assyria. But the establishment of settlers does not
Israelites by the government seems not to have happened in any way
generalized until the reign of Ashurbanipal (669-626) - a fact
mentioned in Ezra 4:10, where the immigrants refer to the king of
Assyria, calling him Asnapar (or Osnapar). With this flow
foreign, the North Kingdom was indeed "destroyed" ethnically, and the
Few native Israelites who remained in the land were assimilated.
Here is an implicit threat to Peca, although it is not
explicit. Note that the Jews (you) had to accept and trust in this
divine promise if they wanted to "stay," that is, receive benefits
practices of the judgment poured over their allies from the north. If they stopped
to do so, their conditions would worsen as they would become subjects of Assyria.

C. The Divine Promise Disdained by Unbelief. 7:10-12.

The Lord offered a confirming miracle to encourage faith in
Acaz, inviting him to ask for whatever he wanted. It could be anything.
between the heavens and the earth below. But Ahaz, having decided to place his
trust in Assyria, dismissed Isaiah with a hypocritical pretext
pious of a general prohibition in Dt. 6:16.

D. The Divine Deliverance Reaffirmed and the Promise of His

Liberator. 7:13-25.
14. Behold, the virgin will conceive. The word for virgin here was
carefully chosen. Etymologically, 'almâna' means
necessarily an intact virgin. However, in use
the real of the Hebrew Scriptures only refers to a pure and unmarried virgin
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 33
(as far as the context proves it). This fits well with the mother in
perspective mentioned in this situation. Judging from 8:1-4, the typical mother
she was a prophetess who became the wife of Isaiah shortly after
of this prophecy having been pronounced. Therefore she was a virgin in
time when this promise was made. It serves as a figure of the Virgin
Mary, who remained a virgin even after the miraculous
conception by the Holy Spirit. The son of this prophetess, in a way
correspondent, was a figure of the Messianic Emanuel, as soon
we will see next.
Butter and honey were the standard diet of those who lived in the land
devastated that will revert to pastures. Such a diet the son of the prophetess
should eat as a result of the Assyrian depredations, as well as
the depredations of neighboring nations (see II Chron. 28). Read as per the
E.R.A., when you know, and not according to E.R.C., until you know (in
Hebrew, both meanings are acceptable). That is, when it reaches the
age of legal responsibility (undoubtedly twelve years old). This
it should have happened in 721, after the destructive campaigns of
Shalmaneser V and Sargon. Certainly around 721 Damascus was
abandoned (having been captured by Assyria in 732) and Samaria of
in the same way (that fell in 722).
17. The Lord will bring upon you, upon Ahaz and his people, because
they refused to trust in Him. The king of Assyria, that is, oppression without
parallel and the tyranny of the Assyrian Empire. This punishment coming upon Judah
it is detailed in the remainder of the chapter.
18. To the flies that are in the . . . Egypt, and to the bees . . . in the land of
Assyria. A warning about the meeting between the armies
notably in Elteke in 701 of the rival forces of Egypt and Assyria.
Your troops undoubtedly swept across the land of Judah in search of
provisions and supplies.
20. A borrowed razor will be the future king Sennacherib, who
he crushed the greatest defeat of Judah in 701, destroying forty-six cities
(according to their own records) and taking captive about
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 34
200,000 people. The Assyrians were hired in the sense that they were
firstly bribed by Ahaz to intervene in the West (II Chr.
28:21).
21, 22. Here we find butter and honey again like the
food for scattered survivors in a land of fields and orchards
ruined and desolate cities.
Naturally, in such areas, the lands would become devalued and
the fields would revert to young forests where it would be possible to hunt
wild animals (v. 24) or where livestock could be raised (v. 25).

Sermon D. The Messianic Deliverance Foreshadowed. 8:1 - 9:7.

Isaiah 8
A. The Birth of a Child Prefiguring the Fall of
Enemies of Judah. 8:1-4.
God told Isaiah, even before he married his bride, that
she would give him a child, instructing him to register the child's name
on a board as if it were a public record in front of two
witnesses of good reputation. Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz, meaning
"Quick-take-down-safe-prey", should indicate the victorious assault of the
Assyria in Damascus and Samaria. This assault would crush these clouds.
kingdoms before the boy was old enough to say 'mommy'
or 'papal', that is, within three years. (This prophecy was fulfilled in
the taking of Damascus and the plundering of Sanaria in 732 by Tiglate-
Pileser III.

B. The Crazy Choice of the Wisdom of This World. 8:5-8.

6. The waters of Siloam. A pleasant and beneficial spring.
what was in Jerusalem, type of the kingdom of God in the heart of the believer
submission. The people who had forgotten God rejoiced in (or
better, because of) Damascus regime and Samaria's Peca, for having
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 35
were defeated by Tiglath-Pileser. (It can be inferred from this that this part of
The chapter was written two or three years later than the episode of chapter 7.)
8. The words here are very significant. The son of
Isaiah was nothing more and nothing less than a type of Emmanuel, God.
I know. The birth of the child should have evoked this gratefulness.
exclamation of the parents while observing the fulfillment of the word of
God. But from that moment on, Israel became the land of
promised Redeemer, the messianic antitype of Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz.
Despite being ravaged by the Assyrian invasion, it remained the land of
promise because of the Messiah.

C. Final Triumph of God's Grace. 8:9-15.

9. Although the pagan peoples made every effort to
extinguish the light of Israel, they would finally have to fail, because "God
is with us (Immanuel).
12.Isaiah and his disciples should not be summoned with the
conjuration of their compatriots who accused them of being conspirators
against his country in opposition to Ahaz's alliance with Assyria.
13. No matter how unfavorable the present circumstances were,
true believers would sanctify Jehovah, continuing to regard Him
supreme in the government of human affairs and as the fulfiller of His
promises. They should fear and revere only Him.
14. The apostates of Judah would stumble at His word (which
they despised), which would result in destruction and damnation for them.

D. The Faithful Remnant Trusts in God Alone. 8:16-22.

16. Now that the prophecy of Isaiah had become public, it had to be
salad until the day of its fulfillment, when God would authenticate it with the
events of history.
18. The children whom the Lord gave me, without a doubt,Shear-Jashub
eMaher-Shalash-Hash-Baz, with its names of prophetic meaning.
(Hb. 2:13 indicates that here Baías speaks of himself and his children as
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 36
figures of Christ and His children bought with His blood, which are
signs and wonders of the Lord.
19. Family spirits and witches were often consulted.
at that time when the people had lost faith in the Scriptures. How the
spirits nowadays intended to communicate with the dead. Here is the
reason for the rhetorical question: Will the dead be consulted for the living?
20. All human opinions, religions, or philosophies are valid.
only when they agree with the Word of God - the only measure
absolute spiritual truth. 21,22. A description of disillusionment and
tragic despair of those who trust in something beyond the
Word of God. They will never see the dawn or, deliverance will never come.
It will awaken. They will dive into the eternal night of perdition with curses.
bitter and vain on your lips.

Isaiah 9
E. Livramento Vindouro Through a Divine King. Kings 9:1-7.
This verse should have the following structure: But for the land
that was afflicted will no longer continue in darkness (that is, the land of
Galilee). In the early days, he made the land of Zebulun insignificant.
e . . . Naftali (allowing them to come under the direct yoke of Assyria;
cons. II Rs. 15:29); but in the last days, he will make the way glorious
of the sea, etc. (sending His Son to live in Galilee and to perform the
main pane of your ministry there; cf. Mt. 4:13-17.
3-5. Ten times multiplied this people; that is, with the increase of the
gentile church, which, in the coming century, would unite with the Jewish Christians
for the fulfillment of the Great Commission of Christ, harvesting the
redeemed from all the earth. Compare with Christ's declaration about the
joy of the workers in John 4:36.
4. In the time to come, all the enemies and persecutors of the people of
God will be totally crushed (as the Midianite host was defeated
for Gideon a long time ago).
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 37
5. Because every boot (E.R.A.; better than the translation of the E.R.C.,
armor) With what the warrior walks in the turmoil of battle, and all
Coats stained with blood will be burned, serving as fuel for the fire.
This refers to the complete destruction of all weapons of oppression–
both in the temporal judgment of the fall of empires, as in
Armageddon in the 'last days'.
6.Here we have outlined the character of Emanuel who will carry this out
deliverance. He will come into the world as a little child born to the Hebrew people,
a merciful gift from God for them. (Contrast with the violent
negative of the Muslim faith that declares that God would never have a son,
according to Surah 112 of the Quran.) He will govern the kingdom of God with
divine authority. He will be Wonderful, Counselor. That is, as
a person of two distinct natures - God and Man - will truly be
a wonderful coming of Jehovah; and as the One who has the
words of eternal life, he will be an unparalleled counselor. Like God
Mighty (a term explicitly applied to Jehovah in Deut. 10:17; Isa. 10:21;
Jr. 32:18), He will be the irresistible champion in battles (according to this
the word 'strong' suggests that it will win the final victory in the arena of
history. As Father of Eternity (literally), He will not only be the
Lord of eternity but also the author of the eternal life of the redeemed.
As the Prince of Peace, He will grant that shalom, "peace", implies
its complete meaning: health for the soul sick with sin; a
strong and healthy relationship between sinners and God, as well as
among the sinners and their companions; and a stable condition of
universal justice and prosperity prevailing in the world.
7. As the antitype of King David, and as his descendant and heir,
this Promised One will reign over the people of God forever
II Sam. 7:16

Sermon III. The Proud Samaria Destined for Exile. 9:8 - 10:4.
Even after the disastrous invasion of the Northern Kingdom by
Tiglath-Pileser in 732 (the year in which he also destroyed King Rezin
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 38
from Damascus), the Ephraimites continued to blindly ignore the last
God's warning. They bragged that they would rebuild their
devastated land making it stronger and more glorious than it was before
(vs. 9b, 10). But soon the day would come when even their former allies
Syria and Philistia would join the attacking armies of Assyria to the
final extinction of Samaria.
14, 15. All the ruling layers, who have not repented nor
turned to God and who were unfaithful to their responsibility, would be
totally destroyed, with their children.
18-21. Sin carries within itself the seeds of its own
retribution and destruction. Besides the agonies of hunger, there would be the horrors
from the civil war between Ephraim and Manasseh, the two main tribes
components of the Kingdom of the North (undoubtedly involves the other tribes
também).

Isaiah 10
10:1-4. Those unjust judges and government officials who abused
of power oppressing its people and pronouncing sentences and decrees
unjust for their own personal gain would have their iniquities
properly punished before the tribunal of God's justice. They would lose
all your dishonestly acquired properties when the
foreign invaders stripped them of everything they had, taking them
like miserable prisoners to captivity. Your glory. The
treasures and values that they had in place of God (the true
glory of Israel).

Sermon IV. The Crushed World Empire; the Glorious Empire

Future. 10:5 - 12:6.
A. The Instrument of Divine Judgment to Be Judged in Turn.
10:5-34.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 39
5,6.Not through your own human power, but by grace
God's sovereignty is that Assyria had the power to punish Israel and impose
in action the punitive displeasure of God against the pagan nations.
9. The cities mentioned here were notably powerful and
defended by strong armies but were left helpless in the face of
advance of Assyria. The victors bragged that they won
alone all these kingdoms and the gods that were worshiped there.
insignificant and small Judah with its weak gods, declared, would fall
easily. But such contempt towards Jehovah would result in complete
destruction of this proud empire when it would no longer be needed.
human governors are nothing but instruments in the hands of God, and
they are crazy when they boast against Him who uses them to
Your own purposes.
17.God here is called the Light of Israel. His fire of
judgment would consume the pagans as fiercely as if their
invincible armies were nothing more than a simple patch of brambles. The
forest of the magnificent trees, representing its lofty leaders, would be of
so devastated by this fire that a little child would tell
easily the number of the remaining ones. (All this took place between 612, the
fall of Nineveh, and 605, the Battle of Carchemish.)
20-23. While the pagan empires had their day of glory and
they would vanish, the Lord declared, the weak and despised people of God
would continue to exist throughout history. Through divine discipline
he would be taught to trust only in the Lord for his salvation. Again the
hope of Israel is once again placed on the remnant of the true ones
believers who would return from captivity. No matter how small their number was,
after the judgment of God was unleashed upon the apostate nation,
the future would be theirs.
24-27. They should trust in these promises of God and not fear.
the cruel conquerors who seemed able to achieve everything that
they wished. For these enemies would also be quickly destroyed,
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 40
how were the Midianites by Gideon, or the Egyptians whom he drowned in
Red Sea.
28-34. In the present, the Assyrians would irresistibly pass from a
Jewish stronghold for another (your plan to march is foretold in
details); but one day they would be severed and fall like giants
tree under the woodcutter's axe.

Isaiah 11
B. The Messiah to Restore and Reign. 11:1-16.
1, 2. The Messiah (who will establish a just and pious empire, the
opposite of Assyria) will be a descendant of the promised lineage of David,
God declares it here. After the tree of David was cut down
just the touch, esteneserourebento, a significant messianic title,
He will spring forth. He will be supernaturally endowed by the sevenfold Holy Spirit.
of God. Therefore, he will administer a perfectly just government, for
no cunning litigant or applicant will ever be able to deceive you
with false evidence (v. 3). Moreover, he will defend the rights of
defenseless and of the poor (especially the meek who are persecuted)
for their faithfulness to God) against the rich and influential. Just like a
a belt keeps the clothes in place, so the divine pattern of holiness will be the
constant and unifying force of the government of the Messiah (v. 5).
The conditions of the empire of Christ will be one of harmony and peace.
based on the true religion. The figure of the fierce animals
predatory living in peace with the weak and defenseless symbolizes the
removal of all natural hostility and fear among men. (As
references to the little one, in v. 6, and to the nursing child, in v. 8,
they clearly prevent us from interpreting the beasts as different types of
men.
9. The foundation of this Edenic harmony will be complete knowledge and
suitable for God that all humanity will possess then, and that even the
creation will be liberated (cf. Rom. 8:21).
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 41
The messianic kingdom will be introduced by a second (v. 11)
restoration of the Jews (which clearly excludes the reference to the return
with Zerubbabel in 537 B.C. and indicates a national restoration of
comparable magnitude). This time the sparse people will come from all the
geographical directions: east – Assyria, Elam, Shinar; west – the islands of
sea; north Hamate; and south - Egypt, Patros or Upper Egypt, and Cush or
Ethiopia. All these different regions were not involved in the return.
from 537 A.D. Not only the Jews but also the Gentile nations (goyim)
they will gather under the standard of the cross (v. 12), to form a Church
Jew-Gentile until the last times. Moreover, at that time not
there will be another rift between the tribes of the north and the south, but the Israelites
Christians will constitute a unique and harmonious people. Furthermore, the people
God will triumph over all the nations that have not yet converted around Him.
(like Philistia, Edom, and Moab that surrounded ancient Israel). As
natural barriers of the Euphrates and the Nile will be removed and the
communication between all those previously hostile regions will be easy and
unencumbered when the Prince of Peace reigns over them.

Isaiah 12
C. Thanksgiving and Triumph of the Redeemed of Christ. 12:1-6.
We have here a beautiful praise hymn expressing the joy of a
a people completely submissive to the will of God and to His discipline, and
completely happy with Your grace. This hymn of the believers of the millennium
provides certainty that despite the obstacles presented by
disobedient and apostates of the chosen race, the perfect plan of God for
this race will be completely realized at the end of human history.

VOLUME III. THEME OF JUDGMENT ON THE GENTILE NATIONS.

13:1 - 23:18
Sentence I. Fall of Babylon; and the Descent of Its King to Hades.
13:1-14:27.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 42
Isaiah 13
A. The Fall of Babylon. 13:1-22.
1. Sentence ('massa') also translated as oracle, as if
it meant a simple raising of the voice of the prophet (denasa', "raise").
But judging by its use, it seems better to understand it as that which is
lift - a weight. That is, a weight of divine judgment that an offender must
load.
2. Tyrants. The Babylonian chiefs.
The Persians under Cyrus the Great are prophetically called
my consecrated ones by God because He commanded them to overthrow the
Babylon. Note that they must have come from a distant country (v. 5) and not
from some neighboring region. Persia was located just east of Elam, about
560 kilometers from Babylon.
6.The fear of the LORD (Jehovah) is not openly declared.
eschatological, but refers to the events of 539 B.C. However
this fall of Babylon is prophetically typical of the defeat of Babylon
in recent times (Rev. 14:8), to which the terrible meteoric phenomenon of
It applies particularly (cf. Mt. 24:29). This is deduced by
reference to the world (table) in 13:11, and not to the Chaldean Empire
just.
But verses 14-16 certainly apply to 539, for the
the mention of fears in verse 17 makes this clear ('Fears' was a)
more familiar in the time of Isaiah than 'Persians', which was still
so unknown to Western Asians.
19-22. In these verses, the Lord predicts very clearly the
final extinction of historic Babylon in a completely permanent manner.
Subsequently, history proves the literal fulfillment of this prophecy.
for Babylon became completely uninhabited around the 17th century
A.C. The abandoned place has been superstitiously regarded
terrible for the Arabic-speaking peoples, the Arabic (v. 20), since then.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 43
Isaiah 14
B. The Fall of the King of Babylon. 14:1-27.
1,2. The wicked World Power of Babylon will be crushed, but the
the people of God will emerge victorious in the end. Even the pagan nations will file
they will be subject (through the spiritual conquest of the Gospel and by
the powerful imposition of the government of Christ in the "end times"). The
Gentiles will help in the restoration of Israel to the position of the promised land.
A hymn of triumph over the defeated Babylon (both the
historical city like the eschatological)
8. Cypresses and cedars. Both are literal (since they were
saved from the deforestation of the Chaldean loggers) and symbolic -
representing other nations in the forest of humanity.
9. Beyond the Sheol. A name for the generalized dwelling of
dead before the resurrection of Christ. But here it represents the dwelling
of the spirits of the haughty rulers who defied God in the
past dispensations. These are represented as giving greetings
winds at the arrival of the king of Babylon with malicious satisfaction, for all
your brief earthly glory will have already been extinguished, as theirs was.
12-20. Lucifer. The Roman name for the morning star (heb.
hêlêl, "the brilliant"), which soon disappears in the face of great splendor
greater of the sun. This title was granted to the king of Babylon, not to
referring to him as a specific human individual (like Balthazar, for
example), but as a representative or embodiment of Satan, which is
considered the power behind the royal throne. The titanic pride and the
ambition expressed in verses 13, 14 is displaced in any
lips that are not those of Satan. The epic poetry of the Canaanite Ugarit
generally refers to "mountain of the North" or Sapunu (equivalent to
heb.sâphônusado here) as being the dwelling of the gods. A
ignominious downfall of the tyrant of Babylon, here described prophetically,
whose corpse lies unburied and dishonored, reflects Satan, his master.
21-27.This passage refers more particularly to the fall of the
Historical Babylon in 539, and the permanent extinction of its power and
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 44
posterity. As a preliminary confirmation of this promise regarding the
Babylon, the Lord predicted the most imminent catastrophe of the armies of
Assyria (or the suzerain of Babylon at the time) in Palestine (v. 25), which
it happened during the invasion of Sennacherib in 701 B.C. All of these
disasters in neighboring nations would demonstrate the power of a single God
It is true, the God of Israel (vs. 24, 27).

Sentence II. The Fall of Philistia. 14:28-32.

The Philistines, in their war against Ahaz, had recently
taken four great Jewish cities (II Chr. 28:18). But here are
announced of the coming reward through Hezekiah, the serpent of
verse 29, and of the later Jewish princes of the Hasmonean dynasty
(like Jonathan Maccabeus, who burned Ashdod and Ashkelon and competed
Gaza has surrendered.
31. From the north comes smoke referring to future devastations of
Sargon (20:1) and Sennacherib (mentioned in his campaign records)

32. The Philistine envoys had therefore to be sent home.

with the statement that the only true security of Judah is
found in Jehovah, his God.

Sentence III. The Fall of Moab. 15:1 – 16:14.

Isaiah 15
Here we have a view of the terrible depredations that the Assyrians
inflicted upon the various cities of Moab mentioned through
the entire chapter 15. Although the Moabites were relentless
enemies of Israel, the prophet could only weep with compassion before the
spectacle of the bloody cruelty of the conqueror and the depressing
rows of refugees inflicted from their condemned cities.
9. The waters of Dimom ... full of blood. A play on words
between the Hebrew 'dam', "blood", and Dimom, which may be a variation
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 45
left of the name Dibom more familiar. The lions mentioned here perhaps
refer to triumphant Judah in a later period, or perhaps to
Esaradom, the Assyrian (who records the victory over Mutsuri, the Moabite king),
or even to the Chaldeans of a subsequent period.

Isaiah 16
Chapter 16 presents a related statement, but
separated, caused by the future flight of the Moabite refugees to Sela,
capital of Edom (which was allied with Moab). From their refuge in Edom they
They were invited to submit to the people of God, for Jehovah is their
unique safe refuge. His throne will one day be established in Jerusalem,
capital of David (a prediction about the second coming of Christ).
16:3.A call to Judah to keep a testimony
pious and to show compassion for refugees
Moabites. 6-12. The prophet presents the reasons for the Moabite tragedy: its
arrogant pride (so clearly evidenced in the "Moabite Stone" of
Rei Mesa). He continues with a description of his future devastation to
hands of Sennacherib (which records the submission of Qemosnadade, king of
Moab.
7. As for the foundations (E. R. C.) of Quir-Haresete, translate from
agreement with the E.R.A., grape pastes. They were offers that could no longer be made
but to be done to the idols adored because of the destruction of all the
vines.
8. Mar. Possibly the Dead Sea, or even the celebrated
tanks of Hesbon. Isaiah could not help but lament the destruction
spilled across the beautiful and smiling land of Moab. In vain its
believers would surround the pagan altars of their heights; their gods
imaginaries would be devoid of power to save them.
13, 14. Within three years. A more precise date for this.
invasion. The time was undoubtedly revealed in 704 B.C. and referred to the
coming from Sennacherib, three years later.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 46
Isaiah 17
Sentence IV. The Fall of Damascus and Samaria. 17:1-14.
This chapter is contemporary with Isaiah 7, and predicts the fall of
Northern coalition in the reign of Ahaz. Tiglath-Pileser left Damascus
in a pile of ruins in 732 B.C.; likewise its cities
vassals, such as Aroer near Rabath-Ammon. The glory of Damascus
it would be removed along with that of Northern Israel (which had reached such heights
under the reign of Jeroboam II, 782-753 B.C.). Only a remnant
unfortunately small of the ten tribes is what would remain, like the
last ears of wheat or the last olives left after the harvest.
A prediction saying that these last survivors of
tragic events of 722 (when Samaria would be taken by
Sargon and the cover for Assyria) would regret. They would renounce the
his images of sculpture and his poles-idols (v. 8; 'asherim pillars
made of wood or tree trunks representing the consort wife of the
divinity worshiped in the 'high places'). They would turn to Jehovah with faith.
Saint of Israel (v. 7). (See the record of the great celebration of Passover)
in II Chronicles 30:1-22, in which the believers of the survivors participated
Samaritans. But perhaps the perspective here is also eschatological.) The
the reason for this future devastation was, obviously, the fact that they had
abandoned the true God, who was his only true strength to
resist the pagan conquerors.
12-14.A graphic description of the future invasion by the armies
Assyrians, with their various contingents of allied subjects under the leadership
of Sennacherib (heir of the conquerors of Damascus and Samaria).
God would suddenly rebuke the Assyrians, declares the prophecy, in a
Night of terrible plague and destruction. Thus He will finally do with everyone.
Your enemies and the armies they command against Your cause.

Isaiah 18
Sentence V. The Fall and Conversion of Ethiopia. 18:1-7.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 47
Under the leadership of Pianqui, the Ethiopians established the Twentieth
Fifth Dynasty in Egypt, and Sabaca, the son of Pianqu (called "So")
In II Rs. 17:4, it encouraged Hosea of Israel in the last fruitless revolt.
against Assyria. Sabaca also allied with Merodach-Baladan of
Babylon, and it was later an incentive for Hezekiah to rebel against
Sennacherib, who finally crushed the Ethiopian-Egyptian forces in
Elteque, in 701. Tirraca, Sô's nephew, led a new effort.
Egyptian, but was finally crushed by Ashurbanipal in 567.
7.Here the Ethiopians are identified as coming from the land where the
Blue Nile joins White Nile – whose land the rivers divide –
being tall and having smooth skin. They would be pruned like branches,
says the prophet, and their carcasses would fall in battle to be consumed
by the vultures. However, one day, the Ethiopians would pay their tribute to
God will come to Zion as true believers.

Sentence VI. The Afflictions of Egypt. 19:1 - 20:6.

Isaiah 19
A. The Subjugation of Egypt. 19:1-25.
1-10.Isaiah presents the afflictions of civil war, of conquest
Assyria, from the drought and the devastation that would come over Egypt in the following
decades. Jehovah would demonstrate His sovereignty to the discredit of the false ones.
gods of Egypt. The civil war would begin through the Libyan Dynasty
(XXII) clashing with the Ethiopians and the Saitas of the Dynasty
XXIV, and thus crazily would prepare the way through the mutually
destructive conflict for the cruel subjugation of all by Esaradom
Assyria (v. 4). This would happen in 671, and the Assyrian government would last
nineteen years. The ruined economy of Egypt would be secured by a
prolonged and terrible drought (vs. 5, 6), in which the Nile would not overflow.
7. The grass that is by the Nile. Therefore, there would be no fish to
to fish is not to spin thread.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 48
10. Great (foundations, E. R. C.). Before, weavers. Therefore,
And their weavers will be crushed, all the newspaper vendors
they will walk with a saddened soul.
The Egyptians prided themselves on being the wisest people.
more cultured. But they would prove to be totally crazy and incapable of
they will face the future blows of the tragedy and its leaders
conflicting ones would lead them to ruin.
13. Zoãou Tanis was a capital in the north near the borders of
Sinai was further south at the peak of the Delta.
15. All social classes would be thrown into a state of
unemployment and need.
16-25. But God still had a brilliant future kept until
even for this excessively pagan land. First of all, the
Egyptians would tremble before the terrible power of the God of Israel when He
you judged them, especially when the avenging armies of
Nebuchadnezzar would invade your land in pursuit of the Jews who were there.
they took refuge (cons. Jr. 46:24-26). Then they would recognize that Jehovah
will intervene in history. Later, the Jewish immigrants would exert a
powerful influence over Egypt. They would establish Jewish colonies
considerable in at least five of the Egyptian cities, one of which
it would be Heliópolis.
18.The word Heliópolis, "City of the Sun", was deliberately
altered, in a play on words, translating to paracity of the
destruction. There would even be an altar erected for Jehovah in Egypt (v. 19;
raised by a priest named Onias in the reign of Ptolemy VI,
as a pledge of the later conversion of Egyptians to Christianity.
God would send them a savior (Alexander the Great) to free them.
from their Persian oppressors, as a guarantee of this divine Savior that the
liberty of Satan's government. 21-22. Probably a reference to
Christianization of the land.
A forecast of a harmonious relationship to be
established by the expansion of the Gospel throughout all the lands of
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 49
Fertile Crescent before the Muhammad conquest. And this, in turn, does not
passes from a glimpse of that final and more lasting peace that will be
established between the East and the West in the time of the Messiah.

Isaiah 20
B. Egypt Will Be Dominated by Assyria. 20:1-6.
This oracle was probably revealed shortly after that
of chapter 19, as it develops the prediction made in 19:4. At least,
The exact year of the fulfillment of the prophecy became clear. It was in 711 B.C.
when King Sargon sent Tartak (v. 1; tartanu in Akkadian), his
"general principal", to take the Philistine city of Ashdod. Azuri, king of
Asdode was deposed (according to the Annals of Sargon), and a revolt
initiated by Iatna was suppressed. This prophecy about the disgrace and defeat of
Egypt was made about forty years before the Assyrian Conquest.
Egypt deserved severe punishment because it intended to serve as the liberator of
Israel made promises to him that it was unable to fulfill, diverting the
Hebrews of a complete trust in God only.

Isaiah 21
Sentence VII. Babylon Will Be Defeated and Its Idols
Destroyed. 21:1-10.
1. The desert of the sea. The alluvial plain of Babylon, formed by
Euphrates and the Tigris with their various tributaries. Numerous swamps and
shallow ponds always formed when the drainage channels
they were neglected or became damaged.
2. The treacherous . . . destroyer (merchant) mentioned here is the
Chaldean Babylon, matured for judgment. Elam. Persia. Elam was
better known as Persia in the time of Isaiah, and was later
incorporated into the territory of Persia proper.
3,4. For a man with the compassionate nature of Isaiah, the vision
from the bloody carnage in the invaded cities of Babylon, when the
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 50
Cyrus' armies forced their way to the Capital, which had an effect
deeply disturbing, like that of a terrible nightmare.
5. In the prophetic vision he saw the princes of Babylon, unconcerned.
in his false sense of security, feasting with Belshazzar.
7. A troop. Contingents of cavalry and men on camels were
it was a characteristic of the Persian armies.
8. Then he roared like a lion. So intense was the feeling of
prophetic watchtower.
This is the first ruling statement on civilization.
degenerate and idolatrous that Babylon represented; the latter is found
in Revelation 14 and 17.
10.Isaiah saw Babylon completely defeated and beaten, like wheat.
about the threshing floor.

Sentence VIII. Defeat of Edom; Victory of Israel. 21:11,12.

11. Dumá.Edom. Apparently a grim pun,
according to which the main syllable of the name fits into a word
what does silence mean (used in relation to the kingdom of the dead in the Psalms).
94:17; 115:17). Isaiah, like the watchman, announces to the Edomites from the Mount
Behold, the morning of deliverance is dawning for Israel, but the night of
defeat and slavery will soon fall upon Edom. Let the Idumeans,
Therefore, seek Jehovah in repentance and faith.

Sentence IX. Dedan and Kedar Will Be Defeated. 21:13-17.

Allied with the Philistines, these northern Arabs raided Jerusalem in
the reign of Jehoram (around 845 B.C.). Later they were defeated by
Uzias. But here they are warned of the fatal blows they would receive from the
Assyrians (such as Sennacherib, for example) and Chaldeans (such as
Nabonidus, who made Tema his second capital.)
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 51
Isaiah 22
Sentence X. Prediction of the Fall of Jerusalem; Eliaquim Replaces
Sebna. 22:1-25.
A. The mundane Jerusalem will be destroyed. 22:1-14.
Jerusalem is located on two or three hills in the middle of
valleys surrounded by remarkable mountain ranges. As a backdrop of the
revelations granted to the prophets of God, this place was
appropriately titled The Valley of Vision. The Jerusalemites, from above
from the rooftops of their houses, they would unveil the approach of the armies
Babylonian attackers. Despite the imminent danger, the Jews do
they surrendered to frivolous pleasures and carnal indulgence. And they would encounter
with the total tragedy. Their king (Zedekiah) tried in vain to escape from the
city. Lamentable destruction would be destined for the city and the people (v. 4).
The prophet gives details of the siege that is to come (589-587)
A.C.), in which the soldiers vassals of Quir would fight in the ranks of
Persians of Elam (cons. 21:2). The material arrangements for the defense of
city (the fortification of the gaps and the guarding of the precious reservoir
of water) would be useless, because the Jews would refuse to trust in their
God, your only guaranteed defense against the world.
The Lord's insistence that they repent was received.
with cynicism and gross carnal indulgence. But the paternal love of God
it cannot be so flamboyantly ignored and disregarded without the
but severe consequences. This oracle must certainly refer to the
the beginning of Sennacherib's invasion, when Judah erred and preferred to trust
in the help of Egypt, facing the vengeance of Assyria. It was necessary for the
horrors of the invasion of 701 BC to make Jerusalem repent and
renew your submission to God.

B. A Corrupt Official Replaced by a Public Servant

Pious 22:15-25.
In light of the previous context, it seems that we can assume that
Shebna, the royal treasurer, was a leader of the pro-Egypt faction in the councils.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 52
of state. Confident that his position was secure, he ordered that
they prepared him a sumptuous tomb, not realizing that it could be
demoted from his position, dying poor in a distant land. (In 701
he was actually replaced by Eliaquim, according to 2 Kings 18:18,
although he was still the secretary of the government service.) But Eliaquim
(God will establish) was a true and devoted follower of God and
therefore represents the remnant of the true believers who
they opposed the alliance with the idolatrous Egypt.
The key to David's house refers to a position of high
trust and influence that Eliaquim enjoyed as prime minister
of Hezekiah (Hezekiah was from the dynasty of David). His position was so
firm as a wall of a house, and its glory and
prosperity would pass on to your family and descendants. Many interpret
the verse 25 as a prediction of the final fall of Eliaquim. But to the
sight of the firmed verse 23 (which was certainly declared
by God himself) it seems better to understand this as referring not to
Eliaquim, but others who falsely thought so surely
established as he was, but did not give their hearts to Jehovah
as he would do, and that therefore one day they would be deposed.

Isaiah 23
Sentence IX. Fall and Slavery of Tyre. 23:1-18.
Tiro represents the unbridled materialism of a great center
commercial. Through Jezebel, daughter of the king of Sidon and Tyre, she exercised
a pernicious influence in Samaria, and directed a vigorous trade
of Israelite slaves (Amos 1:9). It was forced to capitulate before the
Assyria in 664; Nebuchadnezzar devastated it leaving only the city of
island, in the sixth century; and Alexander completely destroyed the city of
1flla in 332 B.C.
1. From Quitim (E. R. A.) or Cyprus, the melancholic news would come
from the fall of Tiro. This would mean the ruin of trade with Tarsis
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 53
(located in Sardinia or Spain) and for the Phoenician colonies throughout
the Mediterranean generally.
3. The producers of Egypt - Shior (ASV) could no longer...
Nile tributary – sell their precious goods in the markets of Tyre.
4. Sidomseria involved in the same calamity, and its population
the dismal would be reduced. 8-12. Jehovah would be the author of this destiny (as the
fulfillment of this prediction demonstrated widely), which would serve as
judgment not only for Tyre but for all worldly perspectives because of it
represented.
11. Canaan (trading city). Originally the name of purple wool.
dyed with Phoenician murex, which formed the basis of trade with others
nations. So the name began to be applied to the merchants
generally. Even in Cyprus, refugees would not find
security (as this island would become tributary to Assyria and its
successors.
13-18. The shooting would eclipse for seventy years, between the disastrous
the siege of Nebuchadnezzar and the fall of Babylon in 539. The Version of
Berkeley makes 'the land of the Chaldeans' (v.13) a vocative, implying
directly that the shots would no longer be; the Assyrians would return their
land in a place for the wild beasts to roam. They were
presumably the Chaldeans who invented the machines used in
fences.
Having lost its independence, the city would have to gossip.
lust and the desires of its conquerors, as if it were a woman
the streets. Under the Persians, Tyre enjoyed many favors and recovered.
Good from the repression of the Chaldeans. But even the Persian Cyrus competed with Tyre and
He will contribute materially to the reconstruction of the Temple of
Jehovah in Jerusalem (Eze. 3:7) - a partial fulfillment of Is. 23:18.
Currently, Tiro is practically a deserted region, and very
will probably continue to serve only as a historical symbol of
future commercial power and capitalist materialism of the 'last times'.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 54
VOLUME IV. GENERALIZED REPROOFS AND PROMISES. I.
24:1 – 27:13.
Delitzsch describes these four chapters as a fitting conclusion,
a concluding hallelujah, from the revealing narrative of divine justice towards
the nations.

Isaiah 24
Sermon I. Universal Judgment for Universal Sin. 24:1-23.
The judgment that was specified in chapters 13-23 for each of the
nations involved with Palestine are now being presented as
imminent to be poured out over the earth as a whole. Verse 4 makes it clear
that land here must mean 'the whole inhabited world' and not simply
landed (from Palestine), as landed v. 3 could be differently
interpreted. Here we consider precisely two classes of men: the
perverse and corrupt society of this world; and the faithful people to God. Without
distinction as to class or condition, the wrath of the Almighty is about to be
outpouring over all the people of the world; and all the pleasures of sin
they will be torn from him. Only a minimal remnant (vs. 6, 13) will survive
to this general destruction.
On the other hand, there will be a group of believers throughout the world who will
will rejoice with this operation of the just condemnation of sin by God (vs.
14-16). In the present, as Isaiah sadly recognizes (v. 16b),
it seems that unrighteousness triumphs victimizing the devoted people of God. But a
a terrible fate awaits every citizen of the earth as the world becomes
approaching a catastrophic end (v. 19). And the proud governors
Humans will be cast into the prison of hell to await the final judgment.
of God (v. 22). Then the glory of God will be revealed (when Christ
return to reign over the earth) in such splendor that the light of the sun and the moon
they will pale in insignificance. Jerusalem will be the capital of the empire
messianic, and his faithful followers will warm themselves in his radiance (cons. the
twenty-four elders in Rev. 4:4; 7:11; 14:3
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 55
Isaiah 25
Sermon II. Jehovah Praised as the Deliverer and Comforter of Zion.
25:1-12.
As the spokesperson for the people of the divine alliance, the prophet gives expression
to the praise of worship of the Lord for His wonderful providence and His
conduct towards men. Through the centuries, the Saint imposes his
laws to all those offenders who transgressed them. The strongest will be
destroyed and reduced to ruins if its inhabitants do not have faith in
God. The faithful and obedient will be preserved and protected through
in two years. Despite the evidence and disadvantages, they will survive through
two centuries even after the most arrogant human empires
they had turned to dust.
6. On this mountain. Mount Zion. All the peoples undoubtedly include the
gentile Christians, who will be included in the blessings of spiritual Israel.
Greasy things. Special dishes prepared with olive oil.
bone marrow, greatly appreciated by the Semites. Old wines well
clarified (or "residue-free") were filtered wines, constituting a
transparent and very tasty drink. These details about food and
drinks symbolize the delights and nutritious satisfactions of the Gospel.
Perhaps they also symbolize 'the marriage supper of the Lamb' (Rev. 19:9).
7. The cover. The veil of spiritual blindness that covers the souls of
incredulous.
8. To always win (once it has that)
meaning anywhere else; however, it means 'glory' in
two other passages from the O.T.). This promise refers to the final victory
from the heavens (cf. I Cor. 15:54; Rev. 21:4).
Moab represents here the stubbornly hostile world and
incredulous, whose troops that oppose God will be exterminated in
final destruction.
12. Your walls. It directly addresses Moab. All the
The fortifications of the rebel world will prove incapable against God.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 56
Isaiah 26
Sermon III. Hymn of Help through the Consolation of Judah. 26:1-21.
The redeemed saints will come in crowds to the gates of Jerusalem.
in the end times, singing hymns of praise (where the property of
call them Judah, for Yehûdâ means "Praise".
2. They will constitute the nation because it will be clad in justice of
Christ is inhabited by the Spirit of God.
3. Your evangelical faith will be expressed as complete faith.
in the sufficiency of God and in the perfection of His will. Perfect peace. More
literally, peace peace (shalom shalom), which means 'a peace that
it is really peace," and not this spurious and temporary peace that is all that the
men can grant.
4. Trust. The redeemed will promptly testify of the faithfulness.
eternal of Jehovah.
6. The osaflitose of the poor. Here (as happens with the prophets and the
Psalms) the humble, the persecuted, the despised people of God who
they suffer difficulties and discrimination in this life. They will see the power and the
world's pretensions crushed.
8. The desire of our mistress. They will be completely enveloped by
truth and glory of God. This includes everything He has revealed about the
Your person and will (for all of this is understood by the use of the word name
in Hebrew), especially in His character of Jehovah (the God
merciful who keeps His covenant), for that is His "name"
"commemorative." Your most fervent wish and prayer (v. 9) will be "Come to
we your kingdom!
10. Perverse. The obstinate sinners, the reprobates who reject the
faith in the Gospel (see "the wicked" from Ps. 1).
12. You have faces. The redeemed will confess that they are not just.
part of Jehovah, and it was He who accomplished His own good works through
give them (when they delivered their members as instruments of His
justice).
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 57
13. Other lords. Probably false gods and not
foreign governors. They are considered as false alternatives of
Lord, that they wickedly preferred in other times.
14. Now they are dead, for their 'lives' depended on their now.
disappeared devotees; they will not live again, for their worship was
forever abandoned. (Christianity forever abolished the worship of
all the pagan gods known to the Israelites.
15. You increased the people. This remarkable increase of the people of God
points to the inclination of the global Gentile Church; here is also the reason
of the widening of the borders of the Kingdom.
16, 19. They poured out their prayers. Israel cried out to Jehovah.
repeated times in periods of the deepest distress (compared to
agonizing labor) and poignant frustration – (what we gave birth to was wind).
They were not born. Before, they did not fall. That is, "they did not fall in combat under
our violent assault" (does not refer to childbirth, as some masters
Jude, the one speaking here, refers to the dead saints.
(v.19) calling them our dead - speaking to God - and mine
corpse. This is the most explicit prophecy of the Old Testament about the resurrection
corporate of the believers.
20, 21. God's comforting invitation to His people. They shall...
to take refuge in Him during the sinister period of the Tribulation, when He
is punishing the unconverted because of their rebellion and because of
of their bloody crimes, which will be brought to light on Judgment Day.

Isaiah 27
Sermon IV. The Oppressors Will Be Punished but the People of God
Preserved. 27:1-13.
1. The dragon. A symbolic creature (reflecting the myths of
pagan half-tops), representing the arrogant and turbulent world in
rebellion against God. More specifically, it represents the successive
world empires of Egypt, Assyria (associated with the Tigress of waters
slight) and from Babylon (associated with the winding Euphrates).
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 58
In the end times, there will be an occasion for a blessed counterpart.
funeral hymn of the Vineyard of Isaiah.
Israel redeemed will constitute a vineyard that the holy God
will properly protect against your enemies.
4.Read according to the Berkeley Version: There is no indignation in
Oh, how I wish I could find thorns and brambles (in her), to
repel them and burn them completely.
5. That . . . take over. Even a thornbush, that is, a
enemy of the people of God will have the opportunity to receive forgiveness and the
grace.
Days will come when Jacob will take root...
Israel filling the land with fruits, the reference is to the expansion of
Christianity (which is the faith of the true Israel of God).
7-12.God reveals His plan for the future of Israel: survival
through trial; purification by suffering; and destruction for all
your enemies. Translate verse 7 according to Delitzsch: He
it hurt (that is, Israel) as it hurts its hurt, or was it killed as
Did those whom He killed die? That is, God would strike Israel only to
punish her; He would hurt his enemies to destroy them forever. Read it
Verse 8 (Berkeley): Expelling her, sending her away, He
he contended with her. He removed her with His harsh breath as on the day of
eastern wind. This refers, of course, to the Babylonian captivity. The
eastern wind dune of the warm Syrian Desert.
The prophecy refers to the future complete abandonment of idolatry.
bread of Israel.
10. Fortified city. The seemingly impregnable capitals
two conquerors of Israel, such as, for example, Nineveh and Babylon.
Its inhabitants had no spiritual understanding; they would not receive.
compassion (as it would be granted to the exiled Judah.)
12. Your cereal. The remnant gathered and converted from Israel.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 59
VOLUME V. CURSES UPON THE UNBELIEVERS OF
ISRAEL. 28:1 - 33:24.

Isaiah 28
Sermon I. Judgment of the Drunken Ephraimites and Mockers
Jews. 28:1-29.
A. The Fate of the Drunkards of Ephraim. 28:1-8.
The dying Northern Kingdom was presented as a
warning to the Kingdom of Judah.
2. Although a certain brave and powerful man of God, the Assyria,
if it were to deliver the final blow of destruction, the Ephraimites
they continued to trust in the fertility of their soil and in their prosperity
economic, living a life of libertinism and mockery - in which even
even the religious men participated with repulsive excess (vs. 7,
8).
5. In contrast to this evanescent and carnal glory of Ephraim is
the Lord himself, who is the true and only glory of Israel, and that a
he will be recognized as such by the remnant of the true ones
believers. He will strengthen them with justice in judgment and victory in war.

B. The Mockery of Judah Answered with Promises

Divine Messianics. 28:9-22.
9,10. These verses give us the sarcastic response of the pro-
Assyrian of King Ahaz, who resisted the impact of Isaiah's words
registered in the previous paragraphs. They mocked their
observations calling them 'Sunday School morality' appropriate
for children, but completely irrelevant to adult men who
they understood the art of practical politics. They repudiated the teachings
prophetic as if they were trivial precept upon precept, precept and
but precept.
11-13. A solemn response to these mockeries. God had offered them.
security and peace would trust in Him and submit to Him; but they
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 60
they preferred to trust in Assyria (against the Northern Coalition). Therefore
they would have to learn from their own mistakes through the punishment received through
of those who spoke a foreign language (since the Assyrian language was
totally incomprehensible to the Hebrews, although distantly
related to your language). By the blows of the hammer of misfortune and
cumulative misfortunes, would have to learn the bitter lesson of the precept
about precept, precept and more precept.
These mockers are identified as the high officials of
government, which supported the foreign policy of Ahaz to bribe the
Assyria to enter into a treaty of alliance. Assyria handled the
his power in the interests of hell, and spread death and destruction
wherever it went. However, the Jews chose her, and not God, to
be your protector, vainly assuming that they could thus escape from the
their devastating power. They made a pact with a pagan power that
he considered the treaties inconvenient, like simple pieces of paper
–for our refuge we have the lie.
16. In contrast to this supposedly intelligent diplomacy of
political power, God declares the true foundation of Israel's security: the
person and the work of the Messianic Redeemer. A step towards understanding that the
the redemptive work of Christ is the foundation upon which Israel and the Church are built
built; without Him and His merits, there would be no Church.
Sion. The indicated place of revelation, the only place for dissemination of
one true God; and of the bloody sacrifice, the only way of
salvation. Proven stone (lit., touchstone), that is, a stone without
defects or cracks. Christ proved to be capable of facing the most subtle
the cunning temptations that Satan could place in His path. Stone
Precious, angular. He is worth more than the world. Only He makes the difference.
between eternal heaven and eternal hell for the sinner. Do not flee. Rather,
do not be nervous or alarmed (see I Peter 2:6).
17. The false foundation of the wise of the world would have to be
violently swept away in the catastrophe of the Assyrian invasion, and the treaty of
alliance made by Judah proven to be a false refuge.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 61
18. Your alliance with death. The alliance with Assyria would be
canceled when the Assyrian government turned against Judah to address it
like a subjugated enemy. Then Judah would join a conspiracy.
of the revolt against Sargon, but more especially against Sennacherib,
thus breaking solemn oaths of loyalty to the Assyrian government.
19. The punitive incursions of the Assyrians would be periodic and of
growing intensity, up to the terrible campaign of 701.
20. The bed will be so short. Even with Egypt's help, the
resources of Judah would be woefully insufficient to face the
pressure from Assyria.
21. Monte Perazim. The place where David, with the help of God,
defeated the Philistines (2 Sam. 5:20). But now this power of Jehovah would be
turned against His own covenant children - an unheard act, to which
God was competed against because of his disobedience.
23-29. The situation of Judah is presented as a parable.
the farmer does not plow for pleasure, but rather in order to prepare the
land for the intended sowing. In the same way, God prepares His
garden for the crop you intend to cultivate - of the justice of a people
saint. For this purpose, God must employ the cutting and shattering force.
of the disciplinary judgments, perfectly adjusted to the needs
spirituals of Israel, just like the farmer (using the
intelligence that God gave you) uses the proper threshing instruments
for each type of grain.

Isaiah 29
Sermon II. Disaster Awaits the Hypocrites. 29:1-24.
The careless Jews had to be humiliated and called to
sobriety before God. Ariel (E.R.C.), which means God's Hearth,
is a symbolic name for Jerusalem, suggesting that the fire of
divine judgment would burn there (when the invaders spread the fire and the
devastation up to your gates). Leave the parties that complete your
cycle does not kill the sacrifices (AV). The Jews were faithful in
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 62
celebration of the Easter, Pentecost, and Tabernacles festivals
every year, even if with guilty hands, without remorse.
I will seek you. Through the instrumentality of the Assyrians in 701.
From the dust. Jerusalem would be placed in abject humiliation and
extreme position of supplication.
As a dream . . . it will be the multitude of all nations.
The Lord would suddenly scatter and destroy those besieging pagans.
The armies of Sennacherib interrupted the siege to fight against the
Egyptians in Elteque. It was on the return from this victorious campaign that this
devastating blow predicted by God here fell upon them. The loss of
185,000 men in a single night was like the devastating destruction of
a storm or a very strong whirlwind. For the Jews, the
sudden disappearance of the enemy would be like the fading of a
nightmare when the one who dreams awakens from their tortured dream.
9-12. A reprimand to the spiritually blind countrymen of Isaiah.
9. Be astonished, and remain astonished, blind yourselves and remain blind;
drunkards then... Just as the boozehound would have avoided his condition of
sobriety by abstaining from alcohol, just as those who themselves
they were ensnared by the madness of sin and unbelief, they avoided their
condition.
10. The Lord . . . closed your eyes. Judicial blindness was the
natural result of having initially fled from the will of God
revealed. Even the professional prophets lost touch with
And they no longer received any message from Him.
11. From a sealed book. The Bible and the oracles of the prophets
true and faithful to God remained incomprehensible and
irrelevant to the 'modern men' of the eighth century, who thought that
traverse advanced beyond your ancestors in your submission outside of
fashion to the authority of God's revelation. Therefore having no
authority outside of themselves and their reasoning, did not see either foot nor
head in the message of God for them through the Scriptures.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 63
13-16. These verses announce God's sentence of blindness.
judicial over all those who were deceived by simulated pity or
masked submission. Simple commandments of men. A simple
the intellectual principle taught by moral philosophy is not a substitute
satisfactory for the true submission of the heart. Your fear for
As pity was a simple artificial form, that did not arise from
a sincere love for God without ulterior motives. Any notion of
spiritual truth that they still had would be taken away until they were left with
nothing but sterile agnosticism or pagan superstition.
15. They deeply hide their purpose. The Jews lived
making secret intrigues with your pagan allies, for whose power
military they looked with hopes of deliverance, when they should have
do it for Jehovah.
16. What wickedness you have! They tried to reverse the
true values, placing man at the top of the ladder and God in
Low, assuming that the created thing had more value than the creator. But
God would not be subject to the petty judgment of man nor
I would tolerate your behavior as if it existed on its own,
regardless of divine will.
17-24.A prophecy of the final removal of Israel's blindness.
17. Lebanon probably represents man in his pride. The
the proud will be humbled; but because of this humiliation, the
regret resulting would make the cleared soil sprout like a
fruit garden or an orchard (karmel). But those who now produce
the fruits of justice may later, due to a lack of care and
negligence, reverting to a disordered forest.
18, 19.God promises a revival in Israel, centered on the
humble and poor of the Lord's flock. Then the blindness and deafness
spirituals will give way to a readiness for the glorious truths
of the Gospel, and the result will be a joyful and singing group of believers.
20, 21. Those who contemplate iniquity. The crude materialists and
unscrupulous individuals who dominated the economic and political life of Israel
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 64
they should receive their just retribution and be removed from the kingdom of
God.
The Redeemer will certainly carry out His perfect plan.
for Israel, shaping the Israelites into a pious and reverent people,
after they have repented and opened their hearts to the truths
of Christ.

Isaiah 30
Sermon III. Trust in Egypt Versus Trust in God. 30:1-33.
A. The Futility of the Alliance with Egypt. 30:1-17.
Here the Lord pronounces a curse upon those who
they seek human counsel instead of divine, and follow the rules of
wisdom of the world. The alliance (E.R.A.; council, E.R.C.). An alliance
secret with Egypt to free itself from the yoke of Assyria (a
politics in which Hezekiah was foolishly drawn with the death of
Sargon, 705 B.C.
4. The princes. The noble Jews included in the embassy sent
at the Egyptian court, which led the negotiations in Hanes (the ancient Hwtnn' -
Egyptian - "House of the King's Son" - Heracleopolis), 80 kilometers to
south of Memphis, as well as in Zoan (or Tanis) northwest of the Delta.
6-17. The Lord here condemns the embassy to Egypt.
6. The Beast of the South (or Negev, the extreme south of Judah, which connects
to the Sinai desert). He who took the Jewish envoys and their
presents intended for the king of Egypt (Sabaca). The Negev is certainly,
the land where these noisy creatures lived.
7. Gabarola means 'insolent arrogance'. It does nothing. More
literally, they are sitting; that is, they are indolent.
8.Isaiah should write down on a tablet, like in a record.
public, that God was upset with the people of Judah who rejected the
Your word and intended to crush him completely because of his
stubborn disobedience.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 65
10. Tell us pleasant things. This requirement is very up-to-date.
from the congregation that its leaders temper their messages with
according to the wishes and preferences of the people, and do not preach
some little-known doctrine derived from the Word of God.
11. Do not speak ill of the Holy One of Israel. They did not want anymore
to hear about the God of the Bible, but only about an unjust God of love
that would not seriously disturb them when they were seeking their
own designs and desires.
The wall of stubbornness that they built for your protection
entry suddenly collapses on them and would crush them fatally.
14.God would break apart your iniquity (or the wall that the
it symbolized) as if it were a clay pot.
15. You did not want him. Through his prophets, God had them.
advised them to "return" to Him; that is to say, to repent,
and that they would "rest" or trust in Him, for then He would free them
of the jug of the tyranny of the Assyrian lord. But they preferred to depend on the
Egyptian chariots, like horses and not the strong arm of the Lord.
armies could ensure their victory. In the problems that were
to face, stripped of divine favor, they would not even be
able to withstand an enemy force that they would exceed in number
from a thousand to one (v. 17) and just a few scattered refugees
they would survive.

B. Comfort for the Punished and Repentant People of God. 30:18-26.

18. Therefore the LORD waits. Despite the lack of faith of the nation.
As a whole, Jehovah dealt with the Israelites with patience (and not them
would totally destroy) until a penitent remnant turned with
faith in Him; for He delightfully demonstrated in them the riches of
Your kindness and grace. Those persecuted believers and high ones who looked
For Him, waiting for deliverance, they would one day see the judgment that He would inflict.
to the wicked.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 66
19. The people will dwell in Zion. The ultimate purpose for His people is
that can dwell in safety and peace in the holy city. That's why it had to
prepare them and teach them (translate Masters no. 20 and not masters) through
of affliction and trials, giving them the right guidance for each step,
preventing them from straying. Thus, through suffering He would lead
Israel to despise its false gods, who could not save them from
disaster (v. 22) and to totally renounce idolatry.
23-26.Obviously one of the glories of the Millennium (once that
this type of prosperity is not suitable for celestial existence).
25. The day of the great slaughter refers to Armageddon, when
the strongholds of the wicked will have crumbled into ruins. The light
intensified from 30:26 is a symbol of the glorious deliverance and peace that will be
when the kingdom of David is established over the earth.

C. Destruction of World Power. 30:26-33.

27, 28. The prophet describes, with rich symbolism, the terrible
devastation to be executed upon the rebellious nations of the earth in the end
great conflict, a sign of which would be the immediate destruction of the army
of Sennacherib. But even when these cups of divine wrath were
being poured out over the wicked world, the redeemed people of God
I would live in peace and joy, recognizing that He is working His
purposes of justice and vindicating the authority of His holy law before
of angels and men. The tambourines and the harps of 30:32 constitute the
orchestra that fairy echoes praises to the Lord in Jerusalem when the
the Assyrian army was destroyed in a supernatural way.
33. Tofete (E.R.C.). The name of a place where Molech was worshipped.
in the Valley of the Sons of Hinnom, just outside of the
southwest extremity of Jerusalem. There, idolatrous Jews, since the time
from Ahaz, they performed abominable child sacrifices (2 Kings 23:10),
using special ovens for this purpose. Possibly the king here
mentioned is not the king of Assyria (for Sennacherib did not have a kidney
signs), but before Moloch, the king-god. A furnace or the Tofet of
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 67
destruction was being prepared for Assyria similarly to
furnace of sacrifices in the Valley of Hinnom. Perhaps it should be understood here
the fire of hell of the final judgment.

Isaiah 31
Sermon IV. God, not Egypt, Should Be the Defense of Jerusalem.
31:1-9.
1-3. The disaster is waiting for those who trust in strength
more human than in God. The helpers (v. 3) were certainly the
Egyptians, and the ones helped were the Jews who formed an alliance with
they against Assyria.
4-9.God would defend Jerusalem without human help. First He was
compared to a lion, invincible and fearless in the face of all attackers
when he protects his. Then His attentive care was compared to
the birds that protectively hover over the nests when threatened.
The verse 5 refers to the same root as Passover.
an invitation to repent and abandon idolatry (v. 6) is
accompanied by a guarantee that the Jews besieged in Jerusalem, in the
worst of situations, with the Assyrians thundering at their gates,
they would abandon their idols and completely throw themselves upon Jehovah. The
Verse 8 contains a very notable prediction that says that none
the human army will crush the enemy, but a direct blow from God.
9. Your rock, that is, the strength of the Assyrians would disappear from the
Palestine, fleeing to Nineveh. The flag. Perhaps the flag that the
Jews used in battle, which undoubtedly bore the name of Jehovah
about her.

Isaiah 32
Sermon V. Final Deliverance of Israel and Its Spiritual Renewal.
32:1-20
The destruction of the Assyrian army prophetically points to the end.
worldwide conflict, which will introduce the government of Christ, the perfect King
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 68
from Israel. The kingdom of Christ will fulfill the divine ideal of a nation
Santa, administering perfect justice throughout the land. The divine King.
He will provide total shelter to all who seek refuge in Him and
will satisfy your thirsty souls with living water. (Notice how all these
blessings are already available in the present dispensation for those who
they are spiritual citizens of their invisible kingdom.) He will grant to the
believers in spiritual vision and a power of hearing that will never fail, a
understanding heart and a luminous testimony resulting from the
complete transformation of the new birth. Under His governance and
influence, men will no longer be deceived by the prince of
lies but will clearly see the difference between moral wisdom and the
madness, discerning how futile life is when given to evil. The patterns
divine judgment will finally become human standards.
The prophet issues a stern warning to society's women.
mundane of Jerusalem so that it knows the devastation of war will end
with their earnings and will lead her into poverty (v. 10). They, the women,
they would have to face great hardships and sad lamentations when their
mansions were destroyed and their properties ruined if
they transformed into desert places during the passage of the plague of
Sennacherib. Virtually all the Jewish city beyond Jerusalem was
looted and burned in the campaign of 701, and the rural localities
were depopulated by the passage of the Assyrians.
The bright promise that pointed to the future was that after
from the complete devastation of the earth (this seems to point to the future
Chaldean invasion and beyond), the Holy Spirit would be poured out on the
people of God. This would happen on Pentecost, as we already know now, and
the arid desert of unconverted souls would be transformed into gardens
fruitful. But in light of 32:18 it is necessary to see in this also a
promise of the great revival of the 'last days'. Together with that
merciful outpouring would bring unprecedented prosperity and
fertility, even in lands that were then barren. And the conditions of justice
and peace would safeguard the products of each man's labor. The war
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 69
would be completely abolished, after the forest of power and pride
humans were struck down by the hail of divine judgment.
20. This seems to apply to well-watered and fruitful lands.
service of Israel in recent times, where its cattle can graze
unimpeded.

Isaiah 33
Sermon VI. Punishment of Traitors and Triumph of Christ. 33:1-24.
1-6. A prophecy of Jehovah's triumph over the treacherous Assyrians.
See II Kings 18:14-36 regarding the narrative of how Sennacherib
first accepted the compensation that ruined Ezequias, demanding
after unconditional surrender. Verses 2 and 3 express the appeal of the
Jewish believers in Jehovah asking for deliverance in the coming crisis, and his
admiration and praise before His special intervention and defeat of the
gentile invaders.
4. Your spoil. The prophet addresses the Assyrians directly.
considering them a defeated enemy. Verse 5 is a statement
of the glorious sovereignty of God, which would be demonstrated in the Assyrian disaster.
In His revealed Word and in His holy Temple He filled Zion with
blessings of justice and integrity, manifesting these qualities in Your
own and wonderful way of dealing with Israel.
6. Wisdom and knowledge. A reference to the blessings of
revival under the leadership of Hezekiah, especially in the last
years of your reign. It refers to Judah of that generation.
7-12. A picture of the situation in Judah when Sennacherib
would devastate the earth, disdainfully rejecting the peace offered by
Ezequias. The previous acceptance of the compensation by the Assyrians
it implied a peace alliance, which he would break. In the extreme situation
in the helplessness in which Judah found himself, Jehovah would rise to
destroy the invading army, denouncing its pride as something without
value, and its provocation as an opportune occasion for the fulfillment of its
terrible destination. How lime is burned (v. 12) suggests that it is a
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 70
a fire so complete that only ashes would remain, like the small pile that
remains after the lime is broken.
The Lord makes all observers notice the moral of His
judgment against Sennacherib. The unconverted sinners of Judah
they would be dismayed in the face of this proof of God's power, for it implies
in a threat that their own iniquities would also be visited.
They would see that only a sincere and honest believer can feel
safe before the perpetual flame of God's just vengeance - flames
eternal (v. 14). The only true security is the godly life that follows
the divine laws in a practical way. No place is as safe as the
center of the will of God. There the believer is surrounded by care
the Lord's protector and is defended against all possible assaults
16).
17-24. This passage, judging by the statement that Jerusalem will be
invulnerable, it is a glimpse of the millennial kingdom. Therefore the king of Israel (v.
17) it must be Christ in His real splendor, reigning over a territory
world
18, 19. The Almighty prophesies the complete removal of the setting
the "Assyrians" of recent times, after their abortive siege of
Jerusalem. The unperturbed tranquility of the Holy City indicates a period
after the conclusion of the 'time of the Gentiles' (cf. Lk. 21:24). The presence
of Jehovah in an obedient and faithful Zion will ensure its defense
impregnable (v. 21). She will be like a city surrounded by moats
protectors – impenetrable to enemy ships – and fertile chains. Not
a simple man rules over Israel, but God Jehovah himself,
this guarantees your final liberation. But the invading ship of Assyria
(figuratively speaking) he will fall helpless to the ground, with his carvings
loose; and all its content will be the spoil of the Hebrew defenders. Until
even the disabled Jews (v. 23) will be able to board to
to attack the helpless. There will be no more spiritual disease in
clean and forgiven land of Israel in the last days.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 71
VOLUME VI. REPRIMANDS AND GENERALIZED PROMISES, II.
34:1 – 35:10.

Isaiah 34
Sermon I. Total Destruction of the Power of the Gentile World. 34:1-17.
1-7. The judicial wrath of God will be poured out upon all nations
rebels of the earth and satanic powers. Here we have described the scene of the
carnage that will result from the Battle of Armageddon. The army of the heavens
(v. 4) seems to refer to the angelic forces that oppose God, in
collaboration with unconverted humanity (see Eph. 6:12 - "the
spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms"; cf. Mt. 24:29; Rev. 6:12).
It also involves a removal or alteration of the heavens (lower ones?)
how they are currently constituted, introducing the 'new heavens and a
new earth (Isaiah 65:17).
The prophecy here represents the destruction of pagan humanity.
according to the example of Edom, or Idumea, the nation cursed by
God (v. 5). Just as Edom was a separated brother of Israel.
(Esau and Jacob were their respective ancestors), thus the men
The unbelievers are the separated and lost siblings of the redeemed. Their death
on the battlefield will be like that of sacrificial animals on the
altar. This is the property of the mention of Bozra, a famous center
sheep farming in Edom. The wild bulls (E.R.C., unicorns) and
the invaders' conquerors' symbols, who will take revenge
through a bloody destruction across all the land of
Idumeus.
8-15.A description of the future total desolation of the realms
idumeus, and, by implication, the ruin of all civilization that denies the
God, constituted by humanity not regenerated. The complete
depopulation and occupation of the region by beasts and birds of prey
it is very similar to what was previously predicted about Babylon (13:21,
Babylon, Moab, and Edom all represent different phases of
degeneration of the corrupt civilization of fallen humanity.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 72
11. Destruction and ruin. In Genesis 1:2, the same words, tohû
tohu, is translated as 'formless and void'.
16, 17. A strong assertion that these predictions recorded by
written in the book of Jehovah, that is, the inspired prophecies of Isaiah, if
we would literally fulfill; and these repugnant creatures would be the only ones
permanent inhabitants of Edom.

Isaiah 35
Sermon II. Blessings on the Path of Holiness. 35:1-10.
In complete contrast as the future of the unrepentant world that
those who oppose God are the future of God's people.
The blooming of desert vegetation symbolizes internal change
that will take place in the soul of the redeemed. Instead of barren sterility and
spiritual death will bring forth the beautiful blossoming of newly sprouted faith and the
greater maturity of the cedars of Lebanon. The redeemed
will reflect, to some extent, the glory of the Savior who appeared for
your redemption.
3,4. Here is your God... he comes. A comforting certainty to
discouraged and disheartened that the Lord will intervene in the scenario
worldwide, to make society subject to the demands of justice and to
deliver Your people from the oppressors.
5-7.A guarantee that divine strength will replace human weakness.
man. The believers will be able to see God's truth and hear the
Your voice, of walking in Your unobstructed paths and singing Your
testimony and praise. Rich and satisfying refreshment will be your portion
constant, instead of the cauterizing heat and the dehydrating thirst of your
non-regenerated past.
7. Note that the glowing sand might have been the Hebrew term.
for "desert mirage", which mocks the thirsty traveler with a
deceptive vision of water on the horizon.
8-10. The redeemed people will walk on the Holy Path, of which the
moral corruption will be excluded, as will the voracious lions of
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 73
satanic malignancy. Even the foolish traveler on that path
unprepared, once redeemed and regenerated, can travel without
to lose. And those who traveled to the Holy City by this way
coming from Babylon, the City of Destruction, will be characterized by a
a special joy of which the world knows nothing, and they will sing a song
Thanksgiving special that the unsaved are not capable of
to state.

VOLUME VII. THE BOOK OF EZEKIEL. 36:1 - 39:8.

A. The Destruction of Judah Averted. 36:1 - 37:38.

Isaiah 36
Chapter I. Jehovah Challenged by the Material Power of Assyria. 36:1-22.
In this absorbing narrative, on one side of the arena is the arrogant and
cruel power of the world, with all the material advantages on its side. Of
the other is the fragile remnant of Judah, having no resource beyond the
own God. We have here a historical text to demonstrate a
once and for all that Jehovah is the only true God, the Sovereign of all
earth.
In the fourteenth year, it seems to refer to the second reign of
Hezekiah, the additional period of fifteen years that were added to
king on the occasion of his mortal illness recorded in Is. 38. The illness must
which occurred in 714 B.C., or eleven years after the death of Ahaz, the father
from Hezekiah. Sennacherib began his reign in 705 B.C., and spent
most of your time since then suffocating rebellions in various
parts of your empire. All the fortified cities. The very record
from Sennacherib presents a list of forty-six cities.
2. Rabsaqué. Not a proper name, but the title of a high
court servant (originally a steward, since the name
means "chief steward"). Note that your challenge was made exactly
at the point where Isaiah confronted Ahaz twenty-three years earlier
(cons. Is. 7).
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 74
3. Eliaquim and Shebna. Cons. 22:15-25.
7. With great cunning, the Assyrian appealed to the idolatrous party of
Judah, who will be annoyed with the reforms of Hezekiah.
8. Strive. Make a trade with. He threw it in your face.
sad inability in matters of cars and horses. They did not have
sufficient number of trained men to handle two thousand horses
even if Assyria gave them so many.
The blasphemous arrogance of Sennacherib in crying out for
Jehovah's authorization contains within it a disconcerting element of
truth (con. 10:5, 6).
11. In this early period, Aramaic - Syrian language - was already being
returning to the spoken language throughout the Near East (in replacement of
Acadian, the native language of Rabsaqué, which enjoyed that status in
previous millennium). But the common Jew, untrained for trade with
the foreigners, I did not know him.
The Assyrian policy was to deport rebellious populations,
exactly as it happened in the case of the ten tribes in 721. Note that
this is an offer of economic security at the price of freedom, a
offer made by the correlatives of Assyria nowadays.
18-20. Did the gods of the nations deliver each one his land?
The Assyrian king considered the subjugation of these principalities of the north of
Assyria as a triumph over the gods of the various nations.
Certainly, he argued, no god could be greater and stronger.
than the nation that served it. Israel's defeat could be interpreted
like the defeat of the God of Israel.

Isaiah 37
Scene II. Assyria Receives the Response and is Judged. 37:1-38.
1. Hezekiah ... tore his clothes in a sign of the deepest
humiliation and despair: He knew very well how far it was
responsible for the terrible blow that had been dealt against his kingdom. He
ignore the divine warnings (see Is. 30; 31) and sign the disastrous
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 75
alliance with Egypt. Now he could only retreat in penance with the
prophet whose warnings had been ignored.
3. Because children are close to the time of birth. The situation of
Judah resembles the desperate impasse of a little child who
there's a blockage at the opening of the womb and cannot pass. Death threatens so much
the mother like the child.
The first response of God to the challenge of Sennacherib was the
to predict that: a) a rumor of enemy attack would make Sennacherib
interrupt the siege; b) he would return to Assyria. without renewing the siege; c)
he would be murdered there.
8. Libnaficava less than 16 kilometers north of Lachish and
exactly below the border of Dan.
9. Tiraca was not king at that time, but rather Sabaca. Therefore,
Tiraca should be the commander-in-chief of the expeditionary forces of
Egypt in 701 B.C. His reign as king of Egypt did not begin before
688 A.C. (Or perhaps this Tiraca was from a generation earlier than that one)
who came to be king, since some inscriptions indicate that the last
I would have only been a child on that occasion.
Gozãera in Padã-Arã, about 288 kilometers west of
Nineveh. Haran was even further west, about 112 kilometers.
Although Rezefee Telessar remained in the northern region of Mesopotamia,
your location is not certain. The cities mentioned in 37:13 were all located
in Syria, north of Damascus.
15. The king's concern and sadness were so profound in the face of the
an insult made to the Lord God that he dispensed with any mediation
prophetic and went directly to God.
16. That you are enthroned above (E.R.A.) and not that you dwell among
(E.R.C.). That is, the cherubim of the mercy seat of the ark of the covenant in
Temple.
19.Under the seemingly desperate circumstances that Hezekiah
faced, this direct declaration of the unique divinity of Jehovah and the not
the existence of the pagan gods demonstrated a steadfast faith.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 76
20.He based his request on the need for
vindication of the glory of God, not over one's own needs
personal or those of his people (for he understood that they had no rights
none to divine favor.
21-29. God's second answer, directed to Sennacherib
personally this time, as well as Hezekiah.
23. Very significant is the title Holy One of Israel, for it was to this
height that Jehovah would demonstrate His immeasurable superiority over His
creatures, and His personal commitment to Israel, His possession
precious.
24. The cedar trees of Lebanon were first-class timber.
choice for the lumberjacks to cut down. The Assyrians believed they would bring down the
great nations, including the people that God will choose in a way
special.
26. How foolish was the pride of Assyria, for its armies were
victorious until then only by the ordination of God Himself that she
will challenge.
29.God would humiliate Assyria by treating it like a subdued beast.
through hooks (especially used to subjugate bulls) and
brakes, and competing to return home without fulfilling her commitment
objectives.
30-32. The Lord will designate a confirming sign of authority.
divine beyond this guarantee: The Jews would be free to return to
your ruined fields and freely harvest the regrowth; that is, the cereals
that would sprout from the grains dropped in the previous harvest (having the invasion
lasted therefore much beyond the autumn). The following year they
they would also become greatly dependent on spontaneous growth,
once their houses, equipment, and cattle would have to be repaired and
replaced. The following year they would engage in sowing, plowing, and
harvests, for the Assyrian raiders would not return again. (This,
certainly, it is the fulfillment to which this 'sign' points, and not to the
but immediate destruction of the army of Sennacherib.)
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 77
31,32.God assured that the refugees trapped behind the
the walls of Jerusalem would spread and establish their cities and
villas (during the 113 years interval before the fall of Jerusalem to
the Chaldeans.
33. After retreating to meet the Egyptians at Elteque,
Sennacherib would not return to restart the siege, but would return.
hurry home by the shortest way.
The basis of divine deliverance for Jerusalem was not merit.
from that generation but before his promises made in the covenant to David
in the past.
36. The usual assumption is that the Lord used a sudden
breakout of bubonic plague transmitted by rats to cause this
mortality. Herodotus records a tradition that speaks of a plague of
wild rats that gnawed all the strings of the Assyrian bows during
the Egyptian campaign.
38.This murder seems to have happened twenty years later, in
681 A.C. The Assyrian spelling of these names was Adamikie Shar-usur
(whose crime is mentioned in inscriptions of Esaradom and
Assurbanipal). The name of the idol has not yet been identified in the records.
Assyrians, a dwarf being that Nisir wants, is a variant of Nusku. (Schrader
explain it as the participle desaraku, meaning 'The Steward' or
"The Benevolent". This might have been the title of some very divine being.
known.) It lands from Ararat to central Armenia. The tradition
Armenia reports that these parricides lived and established influential.
dynasties in that land.

B. The Destruction of the King of Judah Averted. 38:1 – 39:8.

Isaiah 38
Hezekiah Recovers from a Mortal Illness. 38:1-22.
Verses 5, 6 of this chapter clearly show that at the time
from Hezekiah's disease the Assyrian threat to the existence of Judah did not cease
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 78
manifested for many years, presumably not until the end of the fifteen
additional years in the life of the king. Therefore, this illness must have occurred
A long time before the events of the previous chapters. Because the
Was the chronological order thus violated in the arrangement of the material in this book?
Because the prophecy of the final captivity in Babylon for Judah arose from the
the madness of Hezekiah in displaying his riches to the Babylonian envoys. This,
in turn, set the stage for the events of the last part of
book (caps. 40-66), which tends to centralize attention on the Exile and the
returns to Jerusalem. As for the illness itself, it seems that
It was a serious carbuncle or abscess, even possibly cancer (see v. 21).
3. With whole-heartedness, that is, with a completely whole heart
sincere and devoted. He did not claim perfection without sin, nor the
Jerusalem carries such connotation.
8. In light of the current information, it becomes impossible to assure
How many steps or degrees did this sundial of Ahaz indicate? Perhaps
indicate half hours or even quarters of an hour. We cannot
also be sure if this miracle involved a real inversion of the
rotation of the earth (which would have caused violent geological disturbances),
it was caused by some special atmospheric condition involving
some unprecedented refraction of sunlight.
The prospect of a painful and premature death made
Ezequias plunged into anguish and despair.
12. My dwelling (E.R.A.; pain) and not the time of my
life(E.R.C.). Instead of cutting me, read as I rolled. That is, the strip of
the fabric, now ready, was rolled into a piece of cloth.
13. I hope patiently, or I calmed down, or I quieted (my...
soul) until dawn; but he, like a lion, broke all my bones.
A proverbial expression indicating acute mental anguish and despair
of the soul).
The theme of the second movement of this psalm is thanksgiving.
by divine mercy.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 79
15.God spoke powerfully to the king through this great case in
your life. I will pass calmly. First, I will walk in solemn procession
because of the (previous) bitterness of my soul.
16. By these provisions. By such divine providences as the
severe illness or danger. Men live; that is, they achieve life
prolonged or saved (spiritually).
17.Translate according to the E.R.A.: Behold, it went for my
peace that I had great bitterness. Through this trial he
learned a very valuable lesson.
18. The grave. More appropriately, Sheol. The inhabitants of the
infernal regions cannot have communion with God like those
that still live on the earth. In Sheol, according to Christian theology,
the dead were trapped in a place waiting for the day of resurrection
Christ (or the Day of Judgment).
19.Naturally it is impossible for parents, after they die, to speak to
your children about God.

Isaiah 39
Scene II. The Mad Pride of Hezekiah and the Divine Reproof.
39:1-8.
1. In Babylon. Merodach-Baladan was Marduk-apla-iddina.
Marduque had a son. In 721, this Chaldean leader took control.
from Babylon and was accepted as a vassal of Sargon. This embassy of his
the congratulatory message sent to Judah in 712 B.C. had the main reason of
interested Ezequias in a conspiracy against Assyria. But two years
later Sargon took Babylon, and made the Chaldean a prisoner in
709.
5.God will leave these treasures in custody, but Hezekiah them
considered as your own and lost a great opportunity to give a
spiritual testimony to these pagan messengers. He took all the glory
and did not grant it to God.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 80
This very explicit prediction has been fulfilled to the letter in the days
of Nebuchadnezzar. All this treasure was taken to Babylon as loot
of war (and not to Nineveh, the capital of Assyria, as the perception
human would have supposed.)
8. Hezekiah felt the justice of divine rebuke and submissively
he bowed before her. At the same time, he clung to the guarantee
comforting that at least this Babylonian captivity would not happen
during your life.

VOLUME VIII. THE BOOK OF COMFORT. 40:1 – 66:24.

Section I. The Purpose of Peace. 40:1 – 48:22.

Isaiah 40
Sermon I. The Sovereign Majesty of Jehovah, the Comforter. 40:1-31.
1-11. The Spirit of God here proclaims divine comfort. Do not
declares in this chapter (nor in Is. 41; 42) what had happened to
Israel. It does not specifically refer to the Exile nor to the restoration of
land. It is simply stated that Israel would have gone through a severe
military enlistment (militia, v. 2) and would receive double punishment from God
because of your sins.
1. My people. The merciful language of the compassionate God
that fulfills the alliance. Comfort. A call to all
true prophets of God, from the time of Isaiah until the end of the
Exile.
2. Speak to the heart, literally; that is, to calm or
To calm down. Your iniquity is forgiven. More literally, it was
expiation. Perhaps it referred to: a) the temporal punishment of seventy
years of captivity, and b) the eternal punishment placed upon the person of Christ,
the expiator of sins on Calvary.
The implication here is that Jehovah would have to return to Jerusalem.
through the desert route by which the exiles would return from Babylon,
and that appropriate preparations for its coming would be the removal of the
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 81
obstacles and the smoothing of the path. But from the application that Matthew makes
from this verse about the ministry of John the Baptist (Mt. 3:3) it is clear that
these geographic aspects symbolize the lack of life of a soul not
converted. The mountains, therefore, represented the carnal pride of
sinner, and the valleys his disposition of helplessness and carnal self-pity.
5. The glory of the LORD should be revealed through:
a) Cyrus liberating the exiles from captivity in Babylon and his
restoration to the promised land; b) Christ freeing the slaves from
Satan and his adoption in the family of God. All flesh. All
humanity must witness this divine intervention for the benefit of
redeemed people.
6, 7. In itself, man is tragically weak and transient and the
your beauty fades quickly. Your life is devoid of
true dignity or meaning. But the eternal and infallible Word of
God grants the believing humanity meaning and glory.
imperishable.
9-11. The translation of the E.R.A, here, You, O Zion, who announce good
new ones (this here, you preach the Gospel) is preferable to that of the E.R.C.: You the
herald of good news to Zion. The latter does not explain that
a female character could be the one who should evangelize Zion
Jerusalem, the Holy City,
must announce the coming of Jehovah to all the other cities of Judah.
10. With power. Its reward, that is, benefits to
justified and retribution to the wicked.
He will shepherd... will gather... will carry... will guide. One
prediction beautifully explained and lived by our Lord Jesus Christ.
12-17. These verses present an incomparable figure of
Jehovah as the infinitely great and wise Creator. According to the
pagan mythology, the gods of the pagans were generated from pre-matter
existing. But this God of revelation has always been eternally pre-
existing before creation, and remains transcendent above His
creation, completely inaccessible in wisdom and depth of
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 82
thought. This sets the stage for the denouncement of idolatry (vs.
18-20) in all its deplorable absurdity. The making of an image
sculpted speaks eloquently about the fact that the pagan god himself
it was nothing more than a creature of man's imagination.
21. Even the ancestors of the Gentiles (Adam and Noah, for
for example), at the beginning of the story, they knew the one and true God-
Creator.
22. Observe that roundness (hûg) is compatible with the notion that
we have the earth as a sphere (or disc-like shape).
23. The great ones of this land - even a Sennacherib or
Nebuchadnezzar – like mere refuse (nothing), useless before the Sovereign
omnipotent. They are like seeds without roots that are quickly
swept from the ground they thought of (v. 24). 26. The greatness of the heavens
stars are a reminder of how insignificant and infinitesimal it is
man.
27-31. Behold, the God of Israel is this omnipotent Creator and
Sovereign, Your people do not need to fear that their problems and difficulties
be too difficult for Him to solve, or that He is incapable of
judge their unjust oppressors (although the long years of captivity of
Israel may have given you such an impression). Its power to liberate and avenge
never reduces due to fatigue or excessive work. Your
The wisdom in arranging human affairs is beyond understanding.
of men. For His children, who lack strength and resilience, He
literally concede everything they need for their constant
spiritual progress and achievements, as long as they trust in Him in prayer
and hope.

Isaiah 41
Sermon II. God's Challenge to Unbelieving Idolaters. 41:1-29.
1-7.Jehovah, as Lord of the fate of nations and men,
declare here Your omnipotent providence. The soul's seaside (v. 1).
Mediterranean lands. The peoples. Humanity in general, as a
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 83
addition of national units. God condescends to reason with
they are based on this intelligence and consciousness related to the moral law
that implanted in their hearts through common grace.
2. From the East (the place where the sun rises) The future conqueror of
Babylon. Cyrus the Great of Persia (558-529 B.C.). He would come as
anointed servant of God (45:1), a type of Christ, the Liberator of the people of
God who was in slavery. Isaiah highlights the obvious value of
future fulfillment of these predictions regarding the irresistible triumph of
Ciro under the divine blessings.
3. Pursue . . . pass . . . they have trodden. Translate as time
present or future.
The imminent fall of Babylon and the success of Cyrus demonstrated
that this God of a small despised and exiled nation is
truly the Eternal, the Orderer of the destinies of men.
6, 7. The idol manufactured by the pagans is a carnal artifact with the
design to give men some sense of security in the face of the
superhuman forces of life.
8-20.Israel, as the chosen people of the Almighty, is a
instrument of Your sovereign providence.
8. The first appearance of the momentous figure of the Servant of
Lord. The Sorvo here is the nation of Israel, faithful, in opposition to
unbelieving Gentiles. The significance of the people of Israel lies in the rats: 1) the
Israelites are descendants of Abraham, the friend of God (lit., my
beloved); and 2) are therefore heirs of the promises of the covenant (Gen.
12:1-3). As an immigrant from Ur in Sumer, Abraham came from the 'ends of the...
land" (from the Palestinian perspective, at least). Therefore the prisoners
exiles would have to be gathered back from Babylon in 537 B.C.
10. Although no exiled nation in history has ever been
brought back to restart life in her hometown, and even though
the gentle government had no practical means to introduce the Jews to
we will return home, God made this apparent reality
impossibility. In the words of this verse, He sought to strengthen the
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 84
His people so that they could triumph over any material power
(Babylon, Persia, Greece or Rome) that sought to extinguish its
testimony. All these pagan empires would be defeated and
would disappear, while the people of Jehovah would continue to exist and to
developing. Incredible prophecy that was shockingly fulfilled!. No
that Israel would achieve great world power, but its God would be its.
constant force. In itself, Israel was nothing more than a fragile
little worm (v. 14), to be despised and trampled by the world. But how
submissive instrument in the hands of God, it would be the means to defeat the
but more powerful nations, ruining them. The prayers of the faithful
unleash the greatest powers in human history, and even the
invincible armies of Persia, Greece, and Rome would be reduced to rubble
in the face of divine decrees, leaving the people of God triumphant in the midst
from its ruins.
17-20. These verses present with rich symbolism the
transformation of life that God promised to carry out in the spiritual Israel.
Both in the generation that would return from Babylon and in all generations
subsequent, He assured that he would meet the physical needs and
spirituals of the servant nation. Even in the most desperate difficulties and
In the moments of the gravest dangers, God would provide abundantly.
of everything your people might need, rejuvenating their souls with the
but sweeter refreshment, showing him gardens and wild woods filled with
shade for your spiritual delight. The seven species of trees of
Verse 19 symbolizes the perfection of God's work in this regard.
Such merciful provision would greatly strengthen faith.
people of God when they recognize and rejoice in his faithfulness.
21-29. Now turning to the Gentile idol worshipers,
Jehovah challenges them to prove the reality and power of their idols through
of the proof of the prophecy and its fulfillment (v. 22). His people accuse these
false gods that are totally unable to predict their will and
purposes, through his prophets, to later execute them. But Jehovah
(v. 25) declares His purpose to raise it up years later - a
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 85
irresistible conqueror of the east (making his attack from the north),
that would respect the name of God and execute His plans. The gods
the imaginaries of the pagans could not accomplish a feat like this.
27. Behold! Here it is! That is, here is the fulfillment of my predictions.
So: "I am the one who first said to Zion: Behold! Here they are! and to Jerusalem"
I give a messenger of good news. (That is, Isaiah himself).
28. There is no one. No prophet among the idol worshippers.

Isaiah 42
Sermon III. The Servant of Jehovah - Individual and National. 42:1-25.
1-4. The Servant Messiah is presented as the compassionate Prophet
(a passage that applies to the Lord Jesus in Mt. 12:18-20). The
Servo is now obviously an individual and not the nation of Israel as a
All. God was pleased with him (see Mt. 3:17). As the
Chosen, He would be the Head that controlled God's chosen people. He
he would be especially empowered by the Holy Spirit (cf. Is. 11:2).
Avoiding all ostentation or self-display, He would exercise a ministry.
silent and unpretentious (although crowds, as we know,
they would run to Him in the fields and mountains). Gently He would avoid
crush the broken heart (v. 3). that is, the contrite sinner, or
extinguishing the fragile testimony of the weakest of believers. He would have a
ministry to all nations, applying the law (in vs. 1, 4
judgment implies divine standards or principles of holiness and truth
- the true faith of the gospel). In addition, this message of yours and
the standard would become permanently rooted in the world, even in the islands
outerras of the western mardo.
5-9. The double mission of the Servant of God would be: a) to carry out the
promises of the covenant made to Israel; b) to bring the light of revelation to
gentiles. The Creator and Sustainer of life supported and sustained the Servant
in his earthly mission (v. 6). The Gospel of the Servant would work to
liberation of all believers from the prison of sin (v. 7). All glory
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 86
The exact prediction of future events must be given to God.
only. He will not share it with the gods invented by men.
These verses present the Gentiles singing praises
for your liberation and conversion and rejoicing with the faithful Israel because
God defeated all his enemies, shook the empires and systems
intellectuals hostile to His authority and truth. The culminating victory will be,
naturally, the great final conflict of Armageddon.
14-17. These verses present the promise that God
would execute the due judgment with the pagans and would tenderly restore
Your punished people. Having controlled themselves during their sufferings
disciplinary, now He would explode in judgment against the pagan powers
symbolized by these mountains and hills and the many barriers of
waters of Babylon that would keep the Jewish exiles in captivity (v.
15).
16. The blind. The apostate and diverted Jews, who were about to
to undergo suffering in order to abandon your idolatry and return to God.
For his long night of misfortune and sorrow, the Lord would give renewal
spiritual, and He would enlist all the difficulties that obstructed His return
to Palestine. But the pagan idolaters who clung to their
abominations He would discredit and destroy them.
18-25.Here Jehovah draws attention to the strange and inexplicable
blindness of Israel, the servant nation. Having witnessed its miracles and the
their liberation, the Jews nonetheless remained obtuse and
ignorant. The divine purpose, when He chose Israel, was to exalt and
to dignify your holy law through a people who would obey it. But, that
sadness!, the Jews totally ignored this law; and therefore they would have to be
spoiled by their enemies and taken captive to Babylon.
24.God made it clear that defeat and exile would have to be
experienced by His people, not because He was unable to protect them.
But first, why He would choose and determine that the Jews would be.
thus punished.
 Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 87
eht taw
h si siht ,w
on tu
B
Sermon III. The Redeemed Testimony Nation of the Chaldean Captivity.
43:1-28.
1-7. Here the Lord promises Israel a blessed restoration, for
cause of Your love through redemption.
1. I redeemed you. Here, as in other places, the word 'redeem'
who redeems, "servant redeemer, or relative redeemer". Through Isaiah
God made it clear that He treated Israel as a member of His family;
would claim his rights and fulfill his obligations towards him.
3. The basis of these promises of companionship and liberation by
the midst of suffering and trial was no superiority or merit
from the Jews, but the favor and grace of God are unmerited, and His
commitment of the Father to the people of the covenant. He will guarantee to the
Persians, in advance, as a reward for having freed Israel that
found in Babylon, the land of Egypt and a portion of Ethiopia, as
addition to your empire (lands that were added during
the refilling of Cambyses, son of Cyrus.
4. You. The people of Israel, precious in the eyes of the Father for being
invested with the perfections of the Lord Jesus, which were imputed to him by
grace. 5. The scattered exiles will be gathered from all directions
geographical. But, by implication, the return to Zion seems to refer to
also to the meeting of all elected (7) in the Church of Jesus Christ, for
it will include everyone . . . those I created for my glory.
Here the servant nation was presented as a divine witness.
to the Gentile world. Israel restored, healed from its blindness, would be
qualified as a witness of the truth and fidelity of the living God – in
contrast with the pagans devoted to idolatry, who could not
witnessing something similar in their own gods. It was the
the responsibility of Israel to proclaim Jehovah as the only existing God,
and as the only Savior of sinners.
12.Never has any pagan deity been associated with Jehovah in the
liberation of Israel from foreign tyranny or national dangers.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 88
Never has the Almighty demonstrated His power to save except
when Your people abandoned the worship of all the other gods.
This passage declares that God demonstrated His
sovereignty toppling the Chaldean Empire and bringing the Jews back to
Palestine. He dethroned the Chaldeans from their preeminence and would make them flee.
from Babylon before the violent assault of Persia. It was the same God
that would make a path through the Red Sea for the Hebrews of
Exodus and He caused the Egyptian chariots that were pursuing them to sink. But
this future deliverance would eclipse even that in glory. For He
would lead the freed Jews through the desiccated Syrian Desert, and
to make rivers of water spring forth to quench their thirst (probably
figuratively referring to the provision that He would provide to the pioneers
during their early years of deprivation and suffering). The animals of
desert that are presented rejoicing in this water supply
they can be the gentile nations that would benefit from the testimony of
restored Jews.
22-28. The ungrateful Israel would have to suffer a national disaster first
that these promised blessings could be granted. Tired of
God and the out-of-fashion religion of the Scriptures, the Jews turned to
for other gods, new faiths and pagan allies. Therefore, although
they maintained the forms of worship, what they really gave to Jehovah did not
they were your sheep, but their hearts were unrepentant and their
unconfessed sins. What the Lord requires are not lavish offerings
and faces, but filial trust in Him and submission to His will. Despite the
the fault of Your people, God proposed to cancel all their sins at once
time (v. 25), not due to any mitigating merit on the part of Israel,
but only because of His own loving desire to honor His
commitments made in the alliance. From the perspective of the laws of
justice, the Jews had no defense, for even Abraham, their
conventional ancestor, was guilty of sin (by lying to Pharaoh and
Abimelech regarding his wife) and their spiritual leaders walk
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 89
turned against the Lord (v. 27). Therefore, they would have to endure the
national catastrophe and the shame (in its captivity in Babylon).
28. Profane. Before, I will profane.

Isaiah 44
Sermon V. The Testimony of Israel in Favor of God Against the
Idols. 44:1-28.
1-5. Despite the apostasy of Israel, it was the chosen people of God and
object of Your unmerited favor.
2. From the beginning - from the womb - He had chosen him to
His peculiar people, granting him the title of Jesurum (E.R.C.), the Just.
a pledge of her final conversion to
holiness of the Gospel. Circumstances during the reign of Manasseh (when
the bays undoubtedly received these revelations) perhaps they seemed to indicate a
complete and permanent distancing from faith. But here God explicitly
predict that future Israel would receive the Living Water and the Spirit itself
Holy Spirit poured out on the Israelites (notably on Pentecost, in
Acts 2).
6-8.God presents His challenge again to a worshiping world
of idols, declaring His eternal existence and His uniqueness of
One true God. Again He points out the predictions.
performed (a phenomenon peculiar to the Hebrew Scriptures) as a type
of the evidence of divine authority that no religion invented by
men could never produce. The Jewish nation is a witness to this.
fulfillment of prophecies, providing evidence to the whole world that
only Jehovah is God, and that there is no security in anyone else
not to be in Him.
9-20. Jehovah denounces the madness of polytheism and the blindness of
idolatrous before the truth that is absolutely obvious. (This prolonged
the exposition of facts was undoubtedly aimed at strengthening the Jews against
the seductions of paganism during the long captivity in Babylon.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 90
9. Your favorite things. The idols that these pagans preferred,
all adorned with gold and precious stones. The witnesses. The
spiritually blind devotees themselves.
11. Ashamed, when the terrible judgment of God came upon
they, and their cities and empires crumbled, even though they were
devout faithful or companions (habarîm) of their idols.
15-17. With sarcasm and without mercy, the Lord points to the
the utter madness of making a god with a substance used to
light the fire. (John Knox, while criticizing the idolatry of the Mass,
paraphrased this passage with devastating effect: "With part of the flour
you make bread to eat, with the leftovers you make a god
before which they fall to their knees.
20. The idolater feeds his soul with ashes; that is, with
degrading and revolting indignity. In the same way, in the kingdom
philosophical, the agnostic rejecters of the Bible prove blindness
similar to the obvious and inescapable laws of cause and effect (for example,
that the mechanism of the Universe requires a Mechanic to shape it). But
neither the idolaters nor the modern freethinkers can respond to the
supremely important question: "How can I be saved?"
21-23.Here is a promise of mercy for the nation that
remain true to the divine truth. The many and lamentable sins of
Jews could be canceled, and they could come to God in search of
forgiveness, since He would operate your redemption (indicating a Messiah
as your atonement). Before this Good News, the angels of heaven
they would sing with joy and also the saints of the Old Testament who would meet.
in Sheol awaiting the resurrection of Christ. Until the non-human creation,
that eagerly awaits the "manifestation of the children of God" (Rom.
8:19), they would partake in this triumphant rejoicing.
24-28. Jehovah presents himself as 1) the omnipotent creator, who
He prepared Israel from eternity to be His redeemed people; and 2) the
Sovereign all-knowing of history, who dethrones insignificant wisdom
two philosophers and wise men of this world, denouncing the illusion of their vain
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 91
imagination. Mundane people would never have believed that
Jerusalem and its holy Temple would be completely rebuilt
seventy years after the Chaldeans demolished them; yet the city and the
Temples were restored exactly as God foretold. These
materialistic people should also have mocked the possibility of
that a repopulated Judah could be rebuilt by the descendants
two exiles by Nebuchadnezzar; however, Jehovah would accomplish even
This. The least likely to be fulfilled, in the mind of a skeptic, was the
prediction that the Jews could be freed by a pagan not
Israelite like Cyrus; and yet, this happened 150 years later that the
Lord predicted it.

Isaiah 45
Sermon III. The Future Gentile Liberator and the Conversion of the Pagans.
45:1-25.
1. He is anointed as the Messiah. As the liberator of the people of
God who was in slavery, as an invincible conqueror
of your enemies, Ciro is a type of Jesus Christ; and many of the
promises that were made were also fulfilled
spiritual in the ministry and career of our Redeemer. The doors, which do not
they will close. Notably exemplified in the taking of Babylon in
539 B.C. Through a stratagem, a Persian contingent entered the
city through the dry riverbed and opened the gates from the inside for the
the bulk of the army can enter.
3. Hidden riches. Treasures hidden in secret places
(Ciro obtained . . . US$ 630,000,000 in bars solely from Croesus).
4. And you put on a surname. Before, I gave you a honorable epithet, this
My anointed one.
A great emphasis was placed on the evidential value of giving.
name to Ciro in a specific way with so much notice.
fulfillment of this prediction was to provide positive proof of authority
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 92
divine of this prophecy and of the sovereignty of the Revealer, as the only God
that exists.
7.Jehovah is the Creator and Sustainer of the physical universe, as well as
of moral law. The evil that He creates is the antithesis of peace. But considering
that the opposite of peace is not sin or moral evil, it becomes clear that evil
physical, or the disastrous consequences of evil is what is intended to be said
here. Nowhere do the Scriptures attribute creation to God or
the authorship of sin; it originates only from the free moral agency of
created beings.
The ultimate purpose of God is to form a holy society and
Just as the physical heavens pour down fertilizing rain upon the soil,
thus the spiritual influence of the heavens is to produce spiritual fertility in the
hearts and lives of those who inhabit the earth.
9, 10. It is madness to subject divine acts to criticism or condemnation
humans. All human understanding of the question of good and
evil originated in Him as the Creator, and therefore can never be
surpass it in excellence or validity. A child cannot call
your parents to order, as if you had judicial authority over them.
Many less can man criticize God!
11-13. As Creator of the heavens and the earth, as the Lord of
history, that makes happen what He says will happen, Jehovah
invites here the people of Israel to trust in Him completely.
11. Do you want to give orders about my children? Translate, from
According to Delitzsch: You entrust your children to my care.
the verb 'to give orders', used with the accusative of the person and the preposition
about
in the care of someone
I... raised Cyrus the Great, who would support the reconstruction.
from Jerusalem and its Temple without any monetary incentive or
practical.
The nations that lie to the south of Israel would be defeated by
power of God's truth and consequently compelled to recognize
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 93
the Jehovah of Israel as the only true God. Abandoning the
idolatry (v. 16), they would realize that only through special revelation
In the Scriptures, God can truly be known.
Christianity was, for at least some time, expanded to the
Sabean regions of southern Arabia, v.14a; there were also Sabeans on the side
Ethiopian of the Red Sea.) The story, in its long course, will vindicate the
divine truth entrusted to Israel after all other religions and
philosophies have fallen into discredit (cf. 14b). Through the O.T. and of the
In the New Testament, God reveals that He had a wise purpose in creating the earth as
the place for man to inhabit.
18. A chaos is not in vain. Therefore, it was not made to be a chaos,
tohûsendo is the translated word for 'without form' in Gen. 1:2. (However,
tohûtambém means "in vain", as in Isa. 45:19.) The Lord does not
left the human race to its own desperate conjectures, but
spoke to the people of His covenant through the clear and sufficient revelation of the
Scriptures, so that it may be known for sure how to enter into a
relationship savior with Him.
20-25. Those Gentiles who survived the judgment that survived
their respective nations are hereby invited to abandon their madness
adoration of imaginary and futile gods and coming by faith to the only one
True God who is the only one who can fulfill what He predicted and who is the
the only one who can save from sin and death. All nations are
included in this invitation, even the most remote ones. They can be saved
simply looking at the Lord, by faith, as the only God and
savior.
23. What is fair. In fulfilling your commitments
conventional... every knee will bow, whether by the dedicated
submission of faith, whether constrained by His crushing power (in
second advent of Christ.
They will be ashamed because they will discover that they bet their
life in a lie and therefore will have to be sent to eternal condemnation.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 94
25. The descendants of Israel. The spiritual descendants of Israel.
all those who are recognized by faith as children of Abraham (Gal.
3:7).

Sermon VII. The Fall of Babylon and the Preservation of Israel. 46:1 -
47:15.

Isaías 46
1-12. The uselessness of pagan idols in contrast with the
omnipotence of Jehovah.
1. Bel (the Babylonian form of the name Baal). The god of the atmosphere.
inferior and of dry land, the patron of Babylon. His name is in
Belshazzar, which means Bel, protect the king! Nebo. The grandson of Bel (son of
Marduque), the god of letters and education. His name appears in
Nebuchadnezzar, meaning Nebo, protect the borders! The images
useless things of these gods had to be arranged like luggage on the
beast of burden of the Chaldean refugees when fleeing from the invaders
Persians. The pagans had to carry their gods, but Jehovah carried and
He took care of His people (v. 3) since their childhood as a nation, and had taken on
take care of him until the end of his national career (at the end of this
dispensation.
7. No matter how expensive the material may be, the images of sculpture
are useless for providing assistance in times of true crisis. But the
Lord God is infinitely able to save, for He is different from
any deity known by the religions created by man.
8-11. All infidels and skeptics are invited to face the
irrefutable objective evidence of divine prophecy and its fulfillment. Such
how Jehovah prevents the fall of Jerusalem, the seventy years of exile and the
return to the homeland, thus everything happened, fulfilling the prophecy to the letter
from the letter and demonstrating that the Scriptures speak the truth of the only God
true.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 95
11. The bird of prey and the man who carries out the counsel of God is
without a doubt, Ciro of Ansã, province of Persia.
12, 13. Here the emphasis was placed on the just vindication of God.
for Your unjustly victimized and oppressed people. This leads to the announcement
of the justice of salvation (according to which God fulfills the promises
of deliverance made in the covenant for the descendants of Abraham.

Isaiah 47
47:1-7. This passage presents a song of triumph over the
Babylon subjugated. The fall of its imperial power, Babylon surrenders.
reduced to the unhappy state of a semi-naked slave, grinding flour with
the stone of the mill. The silence and the darkness of verse 5 refer to the
impotence and the obscurity that would become theirs forever. The
Babylon would never again regain its independence or imperial power.
after 539 B.C. she never did it again.
6, 7. The Lord explains that He would allow victory and captivity.
heated only for the punishment of apostate Israel. But the victorious pagans
they went far beyond the limits of human decency in their savagery
mistreatment of prisoners. Furthermore, they would fail
to recognize the divine justice behind the disaster that would befall Judah.
They imagined they were acting with their own power as lords of
destiny of nations and that they would be safe forever in their position
supreme.
Jehovah pronounces a curse on the atheistic humanism of
civilization of Babylon. Babylon represents the civilization of the world.
non-regenerated centralized in man: living in search of carnal pleasure
and from lust, to abjure the responsibility towards the God of justice and even
even – with the self-confidence of megalomania – totally deny the
existence of God. The Babylon of Chaldea (v. 10) combined atheism
practical of the free thinker with astrology, necromancy, and superstition
rude. Note how modern the creed of philosophical humanism is:
I am and there is no (God) besides me. The only proper judgment.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 96
for this moral and intellectual degeneration was the sudden destruction and
terrible, the slaughter of the armies of Babylon (v. 9a), and the abrupt end
of your political power (what happened all in 539 B.C.).
12-15.God challenges the presumptuous world power to deviate from
its destruction. Ancient Babylon prided itself on the accumulated wisdom
through their wise operators of miracles, especially those who
They had perfected the science of astrology and claimed to have the
ability to guess the trituration and predict the favorable days for everyone
business. (Cuneiform literature is full of such things.)
But the fire of divine judgment would consume all the tangle of lies.
of these "wise" men, leaving only ashes. The nations that
they admired the shine of Babylonian civilization would return, leaving the
Babylon alone to face the Persians.

Isaiah 48
Sermon VIII. Divine Honor Must Be Maintained Through
Deliverance of Israel. 48:1-22.
1-11.Here God warns the unfaithful hypocrites who are found in
the midst of your chosen people. These seemingly pious Israelites
they practiced idolatry in their spare time (v. 5) and nevertheless had the
courage to invoke the name of Jehovah as your God as well, making
of the account that they were true citizens of His holy city. In order to
denounce the falsehood and emptiness of these other gods towards the
those who divided their loyalty, God gave them proof of His existence
as the only true God, the unassailable objective proof of prophecy
fulfilled.
3. The first things. The prophecy of the fall of Jerusalem before
the Chaldeans and the deportation to Babylon. The highlight here is that this
the prophecy was made a long time ago – a hundred years – before its fulfillment.
No human being, not even an idol devotee inspired by
demons can predict accurately and specifically the events
so far in advance.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 97
6. New things. The prophecies of liberation from slavery and return
In the land of Israel, not predicted before the generation of Isaiah, so that the
Jews should not boast that they already knew everything about these futures.
events long ago (v. 8). God knew very well since the
beginning of Israel as a nation, in the time of Moses, of the piety of the
Jews were largely a pretense and that their ears were
closed to the call for a life of genuine devotion. But having them
chosen and having given them His name, He would refrain, out of love for His
glory, to finish them as they deserved. First, He would purify them from
their idolatry and spiritual impurity causing them to go through great
sufferings, leading them to regret.
10. Silver and not silver, since silver is not an agent of
purification in metallurgy. Literally, in the quality or capacity of the
silver; that is, with an even more blazing fire, spiritually
speaking, about the fire used to melt the silver ore.
11. I do not give my glory to another. That is, either a) the glory of
my possession over Israel should not be given to idols or powers
demonic; or b) my glory in the spiritual purification of Israel does not
it must be granted to men, that is, to the Jews themselves, as if
they could be self-improving.
12-16. Jehovah invites Israel to acknowledge His sovereign wisdom
to use a pagan instrument to free them. In the capacity of Creator
eternal, God is the Lord of human history and takes provisions beyond
every human assumption or ability to predict. It was really a
wonder that God could name Cyrus, the liberator of Israel, 150
years before he was born, and love him as Your chosen instrument
to strike a blow against Babylon and destroy its power. But
an even greater wonder is the fact that, from the beginning of the race
human, God the Son, the "angel of the Lord" (from the Old Testament) and the "Word" or
Logos (no N. T.) have repeatedly spoken clearly to the children of
divine alliance, revealing the divine will and its plan for the future.
In verse 16, the pre-incarnate Christ identifies Himself as the sent one.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 98
by the Father and by the Spirit to convey God's prophetic message
for the inspired prophet.
17-22.God lovingly warns the wicked and stubborn Israel,
exhorting His people to return and trust in Him, as in the time of
pilgrimages of the Exodus. He laments the unnecessary tragedy of loss.
of your blessings due to selfish obstinacy.
18. Peace like a river. A constant, abundant supply and
fruitful of blessings. Justice. The justice and holiness of God himself
implanted and operating within them and through them as vast and
deep waves, flowing in continuous succession.
19. If Israel had obeyed God, its name would not be excluded.
(as it would have to be during the Captivity in Babylon) from the Land of
Promise.
20.A prior summons to the Jews who would be captive in 539
A. C., that they do not linger on the pagan soil of Babylon, but that they
they took advantage of Ciro's permissive edict to return to Judah.
we should give a triumphant testimony before the Gentiles by celebrating this
liberation and remember the mercies of Jehovah towards his
ancestors in that first return from Egypt.
22. Those who did not flee from the contamination of Babylon would never
they would know the peace of God, remaining spiritually disconnected (as
'rash', the word translated to 'penemos' literally implies.
Note that this same feeling, almost in the same words,
also concluded Section Two (57:21) of this Volume.

Section II. The Prince of Peace. 49:1 – 57:21.

While Section I deals specifically with the Doctrine of God, the
Section II mainly addresses the Doctrine of Salvation. Salvation comes
only of God and through the ministry of the Servant of Jehovah. It includes the
deliverance from the penalty of sin and a new life of protection,
joy and peace. It has a worldwide reach.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 99
Isaiah 49
Sermon I. The Messiah to Restore Israel and Enlighten the Gentiles.
49:1-26.
The divine charge of the Servant as Prophet is what is presented.
Although he addresses the Servant as 'Israel' in verse 3, we must
understand this name as applying to Him upon whom the
the relationship of the alliance is based on and upon whom all rest
promises of the covenant, He in whom all were fulfilled
divine expectations of a holy people.
1. From the womb. Undoubtedly an allusion to the announcement of the angel to
Virgin Mary (Luke 1:31-33). Her words, like a sharp sword,
they would pierce the conscience of sinners and administer judgment
also (Rev. 19:15).
4. Christ, the Servant, would have moments of discouragement when facing
the almost universal misunderstanding and even that of his disciples.
But even then he found satisfaction mainly in "doing the
the will of Him who sent me" (John 4:34). His task would be dual: 1)
restore Israel before God, that is, the Remnant of the true ones
believers who would form the Church of Jerusalem during the N. T. period (as
also the Christian Jews of this present period and of the revival of
last days); 2) bring the light of God's salvation to all nations of
earth.
7. In His humiliation, He would be despised and rejected, even
for His own nation, the Jews. But in His exaltation, after the
victory of the resurrection, He would finally be worshiped as the Lord, until
even by the kings of the pagans.
The prophet describes the joy of those whom Christ will liberate.
8. In acceptable time. An early reference of the 'fullness
of the times" when the incarnate Christ offered himself to the Father and was
freed from the malice of demons and men. At the hour of atonement in
Calvary, He fulfilled the bond of grace established with Abraham and his
descent. In the strength of this forthcoming expiation God restored
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 100
physically the exiles to their desolate heritage in Judah, and
spiritually repopulates the lost inheritance of Israel, entrusting it to a
nation that produces the due fruits.
From verse 9 onwards, the reference is mainly spiritual and
belongs to the liberation from the slavery of sin through the power of
Gospel, your supply of food and drink for souls, and your
protection from the pressures, temptation, and opposition of the hostile world. Until
even in the high places (v. 9), that is, in the bare sandy hills of the desert
semi-arid, God will feed them abundantly. That is, the times of
affliction will be used for their spiritual enrichment. The barriers
mountains (v. 11) that He will place in your way, when overcome
by faith, they will prove to be steps to glory. For the strong core of the
The first Jewish Christians in Palestine would be joined by other converts.
coming from all nations, even from a region as remote as
China (the most likely identification for Sinim of v. 12, although the
Elão and Sião may also have been suggested). Verse 13 shows that
the scope of this action is global and that here it is intended to dispense
from the Church.
14-26. The Lord offers Israel renewed confidence in light of his
discouragement. In the disgrace and misery of captivity, it would be easy for Israel
feeling abandoned by God. This is why the encouraging statement (vs,
15, 16) that the paternal love of God surpasses that of a human mother.
The Chaldean destroyers would pass into oblivion and in due
time the converted pagans would come to Israel to submit to its
God, is to recognize the Messiah as your Savior and King. Thus
crowds of new citizens would completely fill the spaces
left by the Jews who would be killed in the wars of the Chaldeans,
Maccabees and Romans. The spiritual Israel, which after the coming of Christ
it would be the Christian Israel, filled with happy disbelief before this
tremendous influx of regenerated Gentiles. It is very likely that they are the
gentiles converted as mentioned in verse 22, flowing to the cross
and showing tender and loving concern for their
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 101
Jewish co-religionists. Even the gentile royalty would place themselves under the influence.
the Messiah and would demonstrate respectful concern for the Earth
Santa and his people, taking pride in serving as protectors and guardians of the
Church of Christ.
24. It should be considered as prisoners of law, or those who
"the brave" captured in an honest fight.
25. Those valences will be, first of all, the Chaldeans,
but also the Seleucid Greeks, who would engage in frequent wars
deadly when rival dynasties fought for supremacy.
26. These oppressors would become drunk with their own
blood. Here again the fulfillment of the prophecy demonstrates to
world the sovereignty of God's power Jehovah.

Isaiah 50
Sermon II. The Sin of Israel and the Obedience of the Servant. 50:1-11.
1-3. It was not out of personal inclination that God abandoned Israel, His
conventional wife, during captivity in Babylon, but first for
compulsion of the irreparable iniquity of Israel itself and because of its
deafness to His calls. It was not because Jehovah owed anything either.
to the Chaldeans who would sell Judah as a slave. His omnipotence was the
same to free Your people from them or any other enemy,
when you find it good and appropriate to do so.
Through a contrast, the Lord Jesus is presented as the
true Israel, the wholly obedient Servant. Language of scholars
(E.R.A.). Before, of those who were taught. That is, the Messiah would speak as
someone to whom God had taught His true message of
comfort to those who are weary of sin. Every morning
characterize your morning meetings alone with the Father.
5. Unlike the national Israel, the Servant presented to God
perfect obedience and willingness to face humiliation and persecution
for the love of the Father.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 102
This verse speaks prophetically of sublime and calm trust.
majestic that our Savior maintained during His sufferings in the
Good Friday, sustained by the awareness of being within the will
of God (v. 8) and, therefore, in the right position against all assaults and
slander from his enemies. He was confident in the victory that his Father
he would grant through crucifixion and burial and that his
opponents would inevitably be consumed by divine judgment (until the
final blow of the capture of Jerusalem by Titus in 70 A.D.
10, 11.God sent liberation to the faithful believers, but
fiery condemnation to those who rebelled against His sovereignty.
Note that the Servant had to speak with an authority that had to be
obeyed and that salvation would only be received by sinners through
of faith, trusting in the grace of God. Incendiary arrows (brands). These
the incendiaries who would set the Lord's camp on fire would be them
the same consumed by the fire of destruction that they hoped to inflict on the
others.

Isaiah 51
Sermon III. Encouragement to Trust in God, Not Fearing the
Man. 51:1-16.
Israel should find comfort about the future based on the
divine fidelity in the past. Abraham was the rock from which his
descendants had been cut having a rock quality
granted to him by divine fidelity and mercy. From this unique
ancestral God formed a great and numerous nation. He has the
purpose of eventually establishing it in a modern Eden (in which the
the land of Canaan will be transformed when Israel itself is
spiritually transformed).
The Lord promises to judge the world and purge it of evil.
4. Leiaqui means 'authorized instruction'. The divine standard of
justice will be established as the standard for all the nations of the earth, that will
they will submit to the authority of Jehovah through conversion and will trust in
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 103
Your strength and grace. Your salvation will prove to be more enduring than the heavens
physical (which are temporal, because it is matter, while the souls
redeemed will dwell forever in the presence of God). Considering
that all unbelievers who reject Christ are destined for the most
complete destruction, no believer could ever falter before the
the threat of the world or from the hostility of wicked men, whose cause is
desperate and whose fate is certain.
9-11. The believer prays so that God can truly fulfill His
promise.
9.The work of Jehovah implies His active intervention and
supernatural to save Your people and punish Your enemies. Rahab,
E.R.C. (arrogance or furious violence) is here a mythical monster.
representing Egypt, which lost its best cars while crossing the
Red Sea.
11. How the Israelites from the Exodus burst into joyful singing
when they were freed (Ex. 15), thus was the return of the deported
when they returned from Babylon in 537 B.C. (this verse is a
the repetition of Is. 35:10). The final perspective is undoubtedly a well-
heavenly adventure (Rev. 15:3; 21:4).
12-16.God speaks again to renew His people's trust.
He points to the madness of the fear of mortal man (who can only kill.
the body) more than to the omnipotent Creator, who in the end frustrates the fury until
even from the fiercest opponents.
14. The captive exile. Before, He who was forced to bow down.
(like a wretched slave). The Assyrians and the Chaldeans would descend to
destruction and only the Jews who were previously captives would survive.
15.It symbolizes the turbulent, restless, unregenerated world
(cons. 57:20). But God placed His inspired Word in the mouth of the people.
of Your covenant (v. 16); it is the possession of the Scriptures that gives Israel its
importance.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 104
Sermon IV. Israel Called to Awaken and Return to Favor
of God. 51:17 – 52:12.
17-23.God announces that He considers the Captivity a penalty
enough for Israel, and that a new day of forgiveness has already awakened. Such
as the drunkard harms himself through the poison of alcohol, the
Apostate Israel drinks the slow poison of disobedience and incurs misery.
decreed by the just wrath of God. Deprived of all spiritual leadership
among its citizens, the nation would face calamities that it
certainly deserved. And the streets of Jerusalem would be covered with its
dead, who would be cornered for slaughter by the armies of
Babylon (v. 20). But then it would be the turn of the brutal oppressors of Judah -
that arrogantly trod upon your prostrate body - to drink from the cup of
divine vengeance.

Isaiah 52
52:1-6. Here God conveys His determination to restore the captive.
Israel for the rumor of His name and for His glory. By grace He bestowed upon them.
with Your perfect power and Your spiritual beauty, the right equipment and
complete, that they only had to dress by faith. He adds the certainty that
your holy kingdom would never again be thus defiled by the
idolatry as it was under the reign of Ahaz, Manasseh, and Hezekiah. Its
people should confidently appropriate the 'glorious freedom of the children
of God" (Rom. 8:21).
3. Fosters sold into slavery for nothing of value, only
the various promises of the world. Still, they would be redeemed from the
Babylonian captivity without Cyrus receiving any money from
rescue.
5. No price. No adequate reason, in what referred to your
conquistadors. The arrogant disdain of the pagans towards the God of
Israel demanded that He justify His name of the Covenant, 'Jehovah, the
"Saint of Israel" and demonstrates His sovereignty through the defeat of Babylon.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 105
continuation. This fulfillment of the prophecy would also confirm the
authority of the holy word of God.
These verses express the joy and comfort that the
Gospel gives to the people of God. For the believers, their very feet of
messengers are beautiful, because they convey news of the most beautiful thing
universe - the redeeming love of God. Bringing to ruined Jerusalem the
good news announcing that God had provided the liberation of
Israel from Babylon, these messengers should serve as types of the
missionaries of the Gospel of the New Testament (Rm. 10:15). Peace, oushalom, includes
reconciliation between God and man, the healing of the soul sick with sin and
the spiritual prosperity of a life in harmony with God.
8. The return of the LORD. A reference to the return of favor.
God is also the presence of His Shekinah, in the Second Temple, in
Rebuilt and restored Jerusalem.
This is a forewarning addressed to the Jews of 537
A.C., who would have to choose between economic security of their
situation in Babylon and the risks and difficulties of the pilgrimage back
to the devastated land of their ancestors. But the safety and purity of their
souls would depend on their escape from this contaminated atmosphere, and on their
we will adapt to the divine program of redemption.
12. You shall not leave hastily. They would not be fleeing refugees.
like their ancestors in the Exodus, for they would enjoy sponsorship and
they would have the safe conduct of the emperor of Persia. But much more
important that these human guarantees would be the vanguard defense of
All-powerful, who would also take care of your protection.

Sermon V. The Substitutionary Atonement of the Divine Servant. 52:13 - 53:12.

13-15.Here is presented the astonishing victory of Christ through the
humiliation.
13. He will act with prudence. The implication is that He
would act with such intelligence that it would achieve its objectives. The words
of exaltation are piled one on top of the other to convey the
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 106
idea that He would be exalted exceedingly high, above all others
men, to the heights of God Himself. The words for exalted and elevated
they are the same ones used in 6:1 when speaking of Jehovah
enthroned - "high and sublime throne."
14. With the words the prophet speaks directly to the divine Messiah,
as if he saw it before the eyes of his mind. Then he turns to the
the people themselves and continues to speak of Him in the third person. This
disfigurement, as we now know, would be the result of the bad
treatments that he would receive from the hands of Pilate's soldiers.
14,15. As . . . thus. The comparison made is this: No matter how much
As astounding as His humiliation was, so would be His exaltation.
(as described in v. 15). Sprinkling is still the best translation for
this word so frequent, although some prefer to translate it to
admiration (which would then be the only occurrence with this meaning
for this root in the V. T.). The sprinkling gives the idea of concession of
spiritual purification to the evangelized nations. The kings will close their
mouths - due to shock and due to their inability to speak
something that justifies them. That which was not announced to them,
these Gentile kings would certainly be the message of salvation of
Gospel through the cross.

Isaiah 53
53:1-3. The Servant, in the opinion of men, would be rejected and
despised.
1. Preaching. Literally, something heard (that is, by the prophet of
God); hence the prophetic message. Our preaching. The message of
Isaiah and his fellow prophets. The arm of the LORD is a phrase.
always used to designate special intervention in human affairs
whenever God delivers His people and punishes their enemies. It was
especially used in reference to the miracle of the Exodus. Christ, then,
it would be the greatest of God's miracles.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 107
2. Renovo. More literally, infant (used for with a
little child at his mother's breast, as well as in relation to the sprout of
a piece of tree). It had no appearance, and no shape. Not even beauty.
(hadar). But literally, majesty or splendor. In other
words, the Servant would lack great earthly grandeur that attracts admiration from the
world. The 'we' here includes the prophet by identifying with his compatriots.
spiritually blind.
Rejected among men. More precisely, lack of men.
nobles (who supported him). From whom men hide their faces. More
literally, it was as if they were hiding His face. That is, the men
they would persistently avoid facing the true Christ, preferring the
Historical Jesus,
4-6. The Servant as seen by God would be the vicarious Redeemer.
4. Diseases, more literally, and not weights. As a sign of the
power of Christ to forgive sins, He healed many of the
physical illnesses of men. But considering that the subject
The main issue here is the illness of the soul and not of the body.
sorrow justifies itself.
5. Wounded (E.R.C.). Pierced (E.R.A.) or perforated. A term
well suited to crucifixion. Transgressions. A word derived from the
root "to rebel", suggesting the revolt against the sovereignty of God.
Ground. More accurately. Totally crushed. The punishment that we
brings peace, that is, the punishment that gives us peace, or feeling of
well-being (not an unhappy consequence of man's sin).
6. Like sheep - unable to protect themselves or to
flee from danger when attacked, and lost without the shepherd. Each one
diverted along the way. Each of us preferred our own path
and not of God; this is the essence of sin or 'straying'. It made fall
about him. Literally, he caused to land on Him, or better yet, he made
meet Him (cons. Num. 35:19, where the avenger of blood
receives authorization to kill the murderer when one "meets" him
on the way - the same verb was used there and here.) Our transgressions
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 108
I had to 'find Him' on the way and kill Him as if He was Him
guilty and not us. Note that the remedy should have an application
universal (we all) as broad as the need (all of us).
7-9. When seen by man, the sufferings of the Messiah would be
a tragic unhappiness in the life of an innocent.
7. Did not open his mouth, that is, in his own defense, in front of
Caiaphas, or Herod, or Pilate.
8. By oppressive judgment. Previously, as a result of coercion and action
judicial. That is, through an unjust court a judicial murder
would be perpetrated. Snatched; that is, taken to the place of execution.
And regarding your
generation, who considered that it would be cut off from the land of the living
Because of the transgression of my people to whom the blow was due?
They designed his grave, impersonal. The wicked. The two.
thieves and murdered crucified one on each side of Him. The rich. Joseph of
Arimathea, in whose tomb He was buried. Although He never did
injustice (to others) and not because it did not commit violence.
God sees the sufferings of the Messiah as the redemption of
fishermen and the triumph over death.
10. When he gives his soul as an offering. Directed to God
directly, like That one with the prerogative to designate life
of Christ for a sin offering (Isaiah used the word 'asham - offering)
for the sin – which involved the payment of 120 percent of the damages
as well as the presentation of the corresponding sacrificial animal).
You will see your offspring. Your children through faith, the regenerated Christians.
He will prolong his days. This does not refer to a subsequent period to
His death and burial? Only His physical resurrection would serve to
fill in a prediction like this.
11. With your knowledge. In light of compliance, this should
to be an objective genitive, meaning: by his knowledge (like
Salvador). The verse continues... my Servant, the Just ... will justify the
many (that is, the many for whom he will die).
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 109
12. Many like their part, for it is the same word (harabbîn)
which was translated for many in verse 11, and both refer to the
same category of people – the redeemed. The powerful. Their
followers, who fight against Satan and his minions in the power of arms
spirituals of Christ. The spoils. The spoils of precious souls won
for Christ through the preaching of the Gospel.

Isaiah 54
Sermon VI. Resulting Blessings for Israel and the Church.
1-3. Fertility and progress are promised to post-exilic Israel.
First Jerusalem would become sterile, since its population would be
it was taken away by the Chaldeans. But the time would come (especially
after the first advent of Christ) when the believers in Jehovah
they would be more numerous than they ever were before the Exile (when
Israel enjoyed the position of a conventional wife at home that Her
heavenly husband provided for you in Palestine). Expand the space of your
stretch out and lengthen your ropes (to measure the land). Israel in its phase
the New Testament would spread the true faith throughout all the lands of
gentiles, whose nations would consequently come to be "possessed" by
the posterity of Zion as they were conquered by the Gospel.
4-10. The prophet predicts the merciful restoration of Israel, the
conventional wife of Jehovah. The shame of his youth refers to the
their rebellious murmurs during the Exodus journey and to the apostasy of
the period of the Judges and the divided monarchy; the disgrace of her widowhood, to
Babylonian captivity.
6. What was repudiated (cast out) seems to refer to the seventy.
years of separation between Jehovah and Israel.
The promise here should be understood in light of the analogy of the flood.
Just as God promised Noah there would never be such a flood again,
in the same way promises the restored Israel that it will never take the IR
for exile. Considering that the Jews were actually once again
taken into exile after their revolt against the Romans in 135
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 110
A.D., this can only mean that God considers the Christian Church as the
true Israel.
10. Mercy. Dehesed, translated by the E.R.C. as
benignity. But once it implies mutual surrender or
solidarity between the parties involved in the contractual relationship,
better translated as conventional love (related to the alliance).
11-17.The Lord describes the purity and glory of converted Israel
of the future. As the Gospel transforms the lives of the Jews and
converted gentiles, they become living stones (1 Peter 2:5) to
building a spiritual temple, shining with the beauty of Christ
that dwells in them. But the full glory of this new city of God will be that of
New Jerusalem described in Rev. 21. The Church will be composed of those
"taught by the Lord" (Isaiah 54:13), as Christ reaffirmed in John 6:45. The
final liberation from fear and terror points to the conditions of the Millennium.
But throughout the journey from Calvary to Armageddon, the enemies of
Church is totally defeated.
16.God retains sovereign control over human powers of
war and destruction; they cannot escape Him.
The Lord will grant redeemed Israel a justice that He
never will vindicate against his enemies, whether human or
satanic.

Isaiah 55
Sermon VII. The Grace of God Towards Sinners
Repentant. 55:1-13.
The prayer for admission into eternal life is repentance and the
Faith, nothing more. Those who will participate in the jellyfish must first feel.
repentance and then desire (faith) to come to the Savior (see John).
7:37). Wine symbolizes the Gospel that brings joy and revives the soul; milk
indicate your nutritional quality (I Pe. 2:2).
2. In what does not satisfy. The mirage of personal happiness
based on the advantages and earthly blessings. Only God Himself
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 111
can satisfy the human soul. The David of Isaiah 55:3, 4 is the Son
Messianic of David, since here it was described exercising and
controlling the influence in the next dispensation.
5.This verse is a prediction that the Gentiles will be
converted and will join the redeemed Israel because of their God.
6,7. In view of these shining promises of the future, the sinners
are persistently invited to accept the invitation of the Gospel
while they still have the opportunity.
The grace of God surpasses human understanding, but it is
efficient guarantee of the word (that comes out of my mouth) faithful and inspired.
When the Word of God is heard and obeyed, the
seriously redeemed, freed from their slavery, and will enjoy joy and
peace. All of nature around you will share in this exultation before the
the manifest grace of God. And one day nature will truly partake of
freedom and the glory of the children of God (Rom. 8:21).

Isaías 56
Sermon VIII. The Gentiles Will Be Included in the Blessings of Israel.
56:1-8
We have here an admonition to believers to maintain the
testimony of a pious life. In due time they will reap, "if not
discouraging.
emphasized as a contractual sign that testifies to a saving faith. The
converted gentiles to the faith of Israel receive the affirmation of a citizenship
full and permanent in the kingdom of God. The eunuchs (and by implication
all believers without children) who manifest saving faith through
your pious life, receive the certainty of eternal life and a much greater glory
more significant than that of a long lineage of descendants.
Two groups are included among the people of God: the converted gentiles.
and the outcasts of Israel. In contrast to nominal, hypocritical believers,
They will demonstrate sincere love for the sabbath and cordial adherence to the covenant.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 112
Sermon IX. Condemnation of the Corrupt Leaders of Israel. 56:9 -
57:21.

9-12.A The accusation against the selfish and unscrupulous prophets of

Israel. (This passage addresses the degenerative moral conditions
during the time of Isaiah, which prevailed during the reign of Manasseh.) These
prophets are described as watchmen who do not watch. They are like dogs that
they do not bark to warn men of danger, being interested
only in filling their own bellies. Or, like stupid shepherds,
so entirely occupied with their own interests that they do not take care
of their sheep, but who give themselves to drunkenness.

Isaías 57
57:1, 2.God expresses indignation at the distressing situation of the
faithful and conscientious believers who are being exploited by the leaders
cruel and immoral in Jewish society. A notable example of such a leader was
King Manasseh, who "shed very much innocent blood, until he filled the..."
"Jerusalem from one end to the other" (II Kings 21:16). These martyrs,
however, they were saved from the horrors of the imminent siege and consequent
exile of Judah and passed into the "bosom of Abraham" (Luke 16:22), to there
await the resurrection of Christ.
Verses 3-10 describe the abominations of worshiping the
idols by Judah.
The degenerate kinship of the idolaters is indicated by their practices.
degenerate.
They made faces of mockery and contempt against Jehovah.
5. Together with the terebinths, do not associate with the idols. They consented to...
rituals and sexual orgies in the terebinth forests and performed sacrifices
infants.
6. Streams. Before, valleys. There they offered drinks to their
idols.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 113
7. In the high places were their sanctuaries, where they committed
spiritual adultery.
8. The bed... you widen. A reference to the worship of various gods.
at the same time.
9. Oreié is probably the god-king. Moloch (and not some king)
human.
10. Despite the bitterness and slavery resulting from his life
impure, the people of Judah were too obsessed to abandon her.
These theological commitments were made under pressure
of pagan powers - although all these powers came from
of insignificant mortals – when, at the same time, it was neglected the
your merciful God. In the next invasions, they would have to look
for your useless idols in search of a deliverance that would not come. Only
true believers will inherit the Kingdom of God.
14-21. The prophet speaks of the Lord's compassion for the
true repentants. To land refers to the construction of a road
crossing fields and woods, through a continuous elevation of
tern and stones. The stumbling blocks are the idolatrous and unrepentant hearts.
Verse 15 presents the classic statement in the Scriptures of two
divine dwellings. To vivify is to restore life to what is.
spiritually dead (lit. to make live).
16. The spirit, that is, of the guilty sinner, being reproached.
17.Estacobiça(besa') is probably the Hebrew expression that
but is closer to the Portuguese 'egoísmo'.
18. The grace of God is given without the least merit to justify it.
19. The Lord grants blessings that inspire human lips to
offer praise and worship – Fruit of your lips (see Heb. 13:15).
The men praise him for the genuine and perfect peace (aquishalom, as in
Is. 26:3). Those who are far away - converted Gentiles; those who are near
converted Jews (cons. Eph. 2:17).
20. The wicked here are represented by the word used for
"wicked" (Ps. 1) or "morally out of place" (rasha'). The non
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 114
converts never manage to find true peace, but
they are finally vomited out as abominable wreckage on the beach of
time.

Section Three. The Peace Program. 58:1 - 66:24.

In this third section of Isaiah, the emphasis is on the Holy Spirit.
that puts into practice and extends the work of redemption. The program of grace
divine is outlined until the end of this dispensation and the beginning of the new
world.

Isaiah 58
Sermon I. False Worship Contrasted with True Worship. 58:1-14.
The hypocrisy of Israel's piety is exposed here. The prophet is
I invite to relentlessly denounce the spurious faith of the Jews, with their
the sanctimonious pose in worship services and their ostentatious fasts, soon
followed by the same wickedness and immorality as before (v. 4). None
Religious observance has value to Jehovah if it is not supported by a
pious life, law-abiding and a compassion for those
who are in need. Honest behavior, the fruit
of saving faith, ensures the dawning of liberation (v. 8) for the unfortunate
Judah; the justice of compassionate love clears the path for the faithful army
divine that advances.
The Lord promises to restore communion and blessings with
those who abandon hypocrisy.
The finger that threatens, that is, in (false) accusation of the innocent.
10. And your darkness will be like midday; that is, 'your gift
state of calamity and disaster will be replaced by the shine of favor
God.
11. A spring. The pious influence that flows from a believer
affectionate that shares its blessings with others.
12. The new community (after the Exile) was to be built by
sincere and dedicated believers who were committed to God. They
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 115
they would repair the evils resulting from the perverse hypocrisy of their
ancestors.
The most significant evidence of sincere love for the Lord is
the delight with which His worshipers sanctify the Sabbath for service
divine and the praise (and they do not use it for personal purposes or work
secular.
14. The Heights. Spiritual exaltation and prosperity.

Isaiah 59
Sermon II. The Confession of Israel and Its Liberation Operated by
God. 59:1-21.
This passage describes the disheartening moral failure of
Jewish society that fits perfectly with what we know about the
degenerate reign of Manasseh. Isaiah told the people why God did not
I heard your cries for deliverance from the oppression of the yoke of Assyria.
5. Aspidides do not weaken. The idea is that the people
apostate was like venomous snakes that produce bad influences
calculated to destroy the unsuspecting who trust in them. The webs of
the threads they weave would not cover your nakedness before the
God's scrutinizing eye on the day of judgment (v. 6). They consecrated every part.
from your body to wickedness and evil.
8. Peace with others requires a loving goodwill from which the
the wicked are incapable; they can never enjoy satisfaction either
or of peace in your own hearts.
The unpleasant consequences of this depravity of life
are clearly exposed.
Judah became a victim of Assyrian injustice and oppression, and all the
his hopes for independence and prosperity were constantly
thrown to the ground.
10. At noon as in darkness. Before, at twilight. The
divine truth shines upon them, but they are immersed in darkness
from spiritual ignorance and national calamity. The Hebrew word
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 116
pararobustos does not appear anywhere else, but probably
should be translated like this, the vigorous ones, among whom are the Jews
weakened ones were no more than corpses when compared.
12-15. This passage has the sound of a broken confession of
unforgivable sin and aggravated malice.
15. It is treated as prey. That is, anyone who tries to live
an honest life became a victim of the cruel assassins who
they dominated Israeli society.
15b-21.In these verses is predicted the personal interference of
God to save the helpless sinners from their guilt and slavery.
The observation post here is Calvary.
16. How displeased Jehovah was with the complete moral failure.
of the Jews, He was also troubled by the complete absence of a
qualified human mediator for Israel. The only attitude that was left to
he himself became the Mediator - his own arm to him
brought salvation – in the person of Jesus Christ, who alone was clothed
of the immaculate and impenetrable justice against the darts of Satan.
18. But the First Advent was combined here with the Second in the
which Messiah will come to crush world power (at Armageddon) and
impose God's holy standards upon all the inhabitants of the theme.
The whole world will revere Jehovah and his Holy Spirit
He will successfully repel all fetal attacks on His redeemed people.
translation of v. 19b in E.R.C, is preferable to E.R.A.
20. Redentoraqui is 'redeeming relative', which involves a
blood relationship (in which God could not enter unless
by the incarnation of Christ.
The true people of God will always be a people who give.
testimony, faithfully proclaiming the truth of the Gospel in the power of
Holy Spirit.

Isaiah 60
Sermon III. The Radiance and the Peace of God’s Redeemed People. 60:1-22.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 117
The prophet declares that the darkness of the world must be overcome.
with the light of Israel. The starting point is that of the first advent of
Christ, for he is the Light dawning for the Jews. And his Church would be the
light, that is, the reflector of His glorious perfection and love, and the channel for the
Your truth to reach the pagans. The Gospel of the New Testament would have a
powerful attraction for the Gentiles, such that the Gospel of the Old Testament never
it had.
Here the converted Gentiles are described as multitudes
entering the Kingdom and presenting all your possessions and talents as
offerings of action of grace to the Lord. Perhaps these converts should be
considered adopted children of God, since they are the
daughters of Israel (v. 4). Or maybe they are dispersed Jews who would be
accompanied and escorted by the Gentile Christians as they entered through faith into the
Kingdom of God. It is quite noteworthy that, originally, all these
the offered treasures are predominantly Arab. Perhaps there is a
Suggestion here that Islam will one day turn to the Cross. All these
immigrants in the Promised Land resemble the flights of doves
speed, great anxiety, and a large number (v. 8). They are driven by
your hope (v. 9) or trust in the Lord (a better translation of
what they will await, E.R.A., E.R.C.; which is inappropriate). The procession will be
led first by the ships coming from far away - those of
Tarsis.
10-14.Here the Scriptures give us a picture of glory and peace.
Millennial Zion, when the Gentile believers will join hands with the believers
Jews to establish the new theocracy and its glorious capital
Jerusalem. (The terrestrial appearance of this scenario prevents us from attributing it to the
heavens.) The empire of the Messiah will be supreme and will not tolerate opposition or
rebellion (v. 12). It seems that (as in Ezekiel 40-48) in Zion it will be built.
a beautiful temple (Is. 60:13), for which even the converted descendants
Two pursuers of Israel will rush to worship.
15-22. The glory of the millennial kingdom is in contrast with ignominy.
from the apostate pre-exilic kingdom of Israel: glory instead of obstinacy,
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 118
wealth instead of poverty (vs. 16, 17a), justice instead of injustice
(v. 17b), infinite peace instead of shedding blood and war (v.
18), the light of the glory of divine favor and presence forever (v. 19,
a verse that specifically points to the heavenly conditions;
cons. Ap. 22:3-5), continuous revival and prevailing piety in
the whole society instead of the apostasies and periodic declines of Israel
of V. T. (Is. 60:21). The divine plan for a perfectly human race
just and obedient will finally be established on earth (v. 21b),
when the insignificantly small minority of true believers expands
in a grand number and in a powerful nation (v. 22). (In v. 16 the
The images indicate that just as the mother provides energy
vital when breastfeeding your child, so are the nations and their
governors will grant vital energy for the service of the Millennial Church.

Isaiah 61
Sermon IV. The Gospel of the Anointed Producing Joy. 61:1-11.

1-3. Christ is here represented with the powers of the Spirit to

preach the liberating and life-transforming Gospel (a passage
that Jesus applied to Himself in Luke 4:18-21). The Gospel is
especially meant for the broken (that is, the humble, who
they recognize their own sin and the need for a Savior and those who
they regret their sins). It is a message of liberation from
captivity, of consolation from sadness and the power of God for a new
holiness of life - oaks of righteousness, planted by the Lord (v. 3).
This Gospel also promises the just judgment of God upon all
forges of evil without remorse – the day of our God's vengeance
(v. 2).
A picture of the glory of the new life that will replace the old one.
new Israel, imbued with the energy of the Gospel of Christ,
will reconstruct the structure of the theocracy that was ruined by the consequence
terrible of disobedience and unfaithfulness.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 119
The converted Gentiles will join in pastoral work and service of the
King, submitting to the apostles and Jewish Scriptures, and gladly
presenting yourself with all your possessions to the Lord.
7. Double. The glory or double blessing of a) the sonship in the family of
God, b) the possession of Christ himself who dwells in the believer as Lord and
Companion.
8. Theft (our capacity) related to (and not for) the
holocaust (E.R.A, adds unnecessarily the word iniquity)
it was what characterized the hypocritical majority of Israel, but he will not have
place in the Kingdom. The sincere redeemed Jews will have a position of command and
influence among all humanity during that final period (v. 9).
The regenerated believer reacts joyfully in the face of these.
merciful promises. He was clothed with the righteousness that Christ gave
he was adorned with His grace like a couple of newlyweds
dressed for the wedding. He rejoices in the Savior who is his
the greater good and the triumph of justice over the earth.

Sermon V. The Restoration of Zion; the Destruction of the Unfaithful Gentiles.

62:1 – 63:6.

Isaiah 62
The beauty of justice attributed and granted to Zion is exposed and
your new state as the holy bride of Christ. God will not stay
permanently frustrated in His plan to create a holy nation,
although the sad record of the failure and apostasy of Israel.
"On that day" she will display the justice of Christ and therefore will receive
a new name: Hephzibah, My-Delight. And her land shall be called
Beulah, Married.
5. In this verse, change the accented vowel in embanayik, "yours
children
Your Builder (Jehovah); this avoids the implication of a relationship
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 120
incestuous in the word "children", and forms a perfect parallel with the
the second half of the verse.
The persevering grace of God guarantees that this beauty will be
given to Israel at the second coming of Christ. Faithful and diligent prophets
which remind of the divine words (those who are remembered)
they will continue preaching and praying until the earthly kingdom of the Messiah is
established. From that moment on, no more invasion
will harm the harvests of Palestine (a prediction that can only be
fulfill in the terrestrial millennium).
10. Next we have a call to repentance very
similar to that of 57:14. The banner, or the insignia, is the cross of
Christ.
12. The people of Jerusalem in those days will be exactly the opposite of
what was at the time of (Saiah and his immediate successors: profane people,
enslaved by his enemies, not sought by the saving grace of
God, but abandoned to the consequences of apostasy.

Isaiah 63
63:1-6. The divine judgment will be inflicted upon the World Power
(in contrast to the final blessing of Israel).
1.Here again (as in 34:5, 6) Edom typifies the world.
relentlessly hostile rebel against the people of God (Amos 1:11).
Bozrah in Edom suggests the verb basar, "to cut bunches of grapes,"
"vindimar." Christ is described wearing clothes stained with blood. It is the
the blood of those who were killed in Armageddon (see Rev. 19:13),
where He Himself will be responsible for the victory (as He did alone in
Calvary.
In these verses, Christ responds to the prophet's question.
verse
My own arm (v. 5) as in 59:16, indicates interference
God's people in the arena of history. Here the scene is the same as in Revelation.
14:18,19. A world that rejects Christ and despises the Gospel does not
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 121
Leave the Lord no other alternative but to send destruction.
terrible and dreadful when the period of His patience runs out.

Sermon VI. Israel Prays for Help, Based on the Mercies of

Past. 63:7 - 64:12.
63:7-9.Israel sings a hymn of thanksgiving for the tender love of
Jehovah with the children of His covenant, with whom He shared everything
rigors and trials.
The prophet remembers the ungrateful rebellion of Israel, which
the Lord competed to punish His chosen people as if it were
enemy Yours. Omit the italicized words; the question that begins
comOndeé made by the prophet as a spokesperson for Israel.
14. . . . gave them rest; that is, during the journey through the desert under
the leadership of Moses and Aaron (the shepherd(s) mentioned in v. 11).
15-19. These verses present the plea of the unfaithful.
repentant so that God ends your isolation and takes the
to demonstrate to them His loving warmth (even if they were disinherited by
Abraham and Jacob due to their infidelity.
18. Only for a brief time. About 800 years at the time of the fall.
from Jerusalem in 587 B.C. (and only 673 years later: from 538 B.C. to
135 A.D.

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64:1-7. Isaiah represents the people of Israel begging Jehovah to
intervene in the world scenario, imposing the rights of Your Holiness and
sovereignty. 1. The image recalls the eruption of Mount Zion.
2. The righteous men feel saddened by the disdain that the
men demonstrate towards God, with apparent impunity. They
they recognize that the Lord cannot intervene properly to free,
unless your people walk in love and obedience (v. 5), while the
people of Israel (and the rest of humanity) is contamination
by sin; even their claims to justice (v. 6) are tainted
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 122
with basically selfish motivations, and not by the supreme love of God
the only basis for true morality; see Dt. 6:5.
8-12. Recognizing their own unforgivable guilt, the Israelites
the repentant pray only for the merciful promises of the covenant
divine and present their devastated land and their ruined Temple as
arguments for your pity and compassion.

Isaiah 65
Sermon VII. The Divine Mercy Reserved for Israel
Spiritual. 65:1-25.
1-7. This is a serious accusation against the hypocritical Jewish nation of
the time of Isaiah, professing to be a holy and just people (v. 5), and yet
practicing all the abominable execrations of the pagans. (This description
would be entirely inappropriate for post-exilic Israel, which abandoned the
idolatry forever).
1. To a people that did not call themselves by my name. The Gentiles (
according to Rom. 10:20,21), that one day they would respond to the Gospel,
while the nation of the alliance would stubbornly reject the
Christ. Warnings and loving instances proved to be fruitless; not
there was no alternative but the well-deserved punishment of captivity
Babylonian (and the Roman expulsion from Palestine in 135 AD).
However, this inevitable punishment would take time to occur.
to prepare the remnant of the true believers for the future
blessings. The bunch of grapes in verse 8 consists largely of
spoiled or shriveled grapes; few are good and sweet. For reasons
sentimental, this bunch being the first of the harvest, the farmer the
preserve.
11. Fortuna (Gadea here is the proper name for the Syrian god of...
fate). Destiny (Menî, the god of Destiny - who introduces the obscure game
of the words of the following verse).
12. . . . I will appoint you (of the same root as Menî) to the sword.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 123
The last group of disobedient Israelites was placed in
contrast with the spiritual Israel. The unbelieving Jews will suffer hunger and
seat in the soul and the torments of hell; but the faithful will enjoy the
generosity from heaven forever, and they will be called by another name (v,
15), presumably of "Christians".
17-25.Here we catch a glimpse of millennial happiness on earth
after having been purged of the unbelievers.
The designation of new heavens and new earth applies to the kingdom.
millennial merely as a preliminary stage to the eternal glories of heaven (the
New Jerusalem of Rev. 21; 22) – exactly as Pentecost should have
to be considered (Acts 2:17) an introduction to the "last times"
although it occurred at least nineteen centuries before the Second
Advent.
20. This prediction requires the conditions of an earthly city, where
babies are born and where elderly people die (although the duration of
life being greatly prolonged). This final scene is that of a society without
wars, capitalist (v. 22), in which even predatory animals
they became tame and harmless (as in 11:7-9).

Isaiah 66
Sermon VIII. The Blessing of True Believers at the End of
Times. 66:1-24.
Jehovah condemns externalism in worship. The Almighty
there is no need for temples built by men to dwell in nor
animal sacrifices for food (which contrasts with the concept
sacrifice!). He wants a repentant and believing heart. A valid sacrifice
it is the sacramental seal of faith. Apart from faith, the slaughter of animals is a
abomination before God is equal to murder, or to offering
of a filthy beast (v. 3). Those who stray from their calling
they discover to their sadness that He will deviate when they
they will call.
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 124
The wonderful deliverance of the repentant remnant is the
what is predicted here. Most of the unbelievers mock those who believe
sincerely in the Bible, challenging your God to display His glory
through a miracle of liberation or revenge, if capable. The
Jehovah's response to the challenge will come when the storm of the Chaldeans besieges.
tumultuously the walls of Jerusalem (v. 6). In the 'last days' (the
starting with Pentecost) this remnant will multiply
quickly until forming a large and numerous people through preaching of the
Gospel. And without the prolonged pains of childbirth, the extensive community
the Christian Church would sprout all over the Roman Empire in just one
generation.
10-14. In the comfort and prosperity of the Millennium dispensation,
the entire group of believers will enjoy uninterrupted and abundant peace
(like a river – v. 12) and will exert a completely dominant influence
about the whole world. The closest and most affectionate relationship
will prevail between the Israel of the last times and its God. A punishment
decisive and immediate will be applied to all the unjust and disobedient.
15-17. Incredulous idolaters will be destined for the fire of hell.
(as reaffirmed in 2 Thessalonians 1:7-9).
17. After the goddess, that is, after the leader of the cult who directed
idolatrous purification ceremonies (Jezaniah, for example, in Ezekiel.
8:11.
18-21. The glory of God will be manifested to the whole world, that is,
all those who were saved from the destruction of Armageddon, and gathered together
as followers of the Millennial Church. It seems that there will be then a
extensive foreign missionary activity. Mentioned were Tarsus.
(Eastern Mediterranean), Pul (south of Egypt, perhaps Somalia), Lud
(probably Lydia in Asia Minor), Tubal (southwest of the Black Sea) and
Java (Greece).
20,21. All regenerated Jews of the Dispersion will be
honorably escorted by their Gentile supporters on the way to the
Palestine. They will possibly be received as so holy
Isaiah (Moody Bible Commentary) 125
priests and for Levites) as well as the Jews already on the land and standing
equality. Or perhaps it refers to the Gentile believers themselves.
same.
The creation of new heavens and a new earth will introduce a
final state, permanent and immutable for both, redeemed and
condemned. It seems that the total emergence of humanity in
Jerusalem for worship is a figure of commitment and obedience.
religious towards Jehovah as the only true God.
However, visits to Jerusalem could still be a possibility.
logic resulting from the duration of the period of one thousand years. The faithful will look
for the corpses of those who joined the final assault of Power
World against Jerusalem, scattered across the battlefield, and the
they will detest and everything they represent in this life. Note that it is not said
that the corpses will remain there forever. The souls of the wicked will be
consigned to the eternal torments of hell (like Christ
confirmed in Mark 9:48).
Thus the majestic theology of this Volume Eight comes to an end.
common glimpse of the eternal destiny of all humanity. The work
the expiatory of the Servant of Jehovah established the foundations for a new
Community, for the New Heavens and the New Earth that will never again
they will pass.