Lady Barbara
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Bárbara
AUTHOR
Rómulo Gallegos Freire; Caracas, Venezuela, 1884 - 1969
Venezuelan novelist and politician. Along with the ArgentineRicardo
Güiraldesand the ColombianJosé Eustasio Rivera,Rómulo Gallegos
he was one of the leading representatives of the realistic trend that
it persisted in the Hispano-American narrative of the early decades
of the 20th century, a period in which it coexisted with the development of the novel
indigenist.
Rómulo Gallegos studied university courses in Surveying and
Law at the Central University of his country, but he didn't manage to
to finish them. Railway employee and teacher in schools
private, he became deputy director of the Normal School and director of
Liceo of Caracas (1922-1928).
GENRE
Novel
LITERARY MOVEMENT
Realism
TYPE OF NARRATOR
Omniscient (3rd Person)
In the novel, an omniscient narrator is presented in the third person.
a character since it tells the story from a point of view that he
allows you to know absolutely everything. Knows the thoughts and
intimate or unconfessable feelings of all the characters. The
the narrator in that novel is limited to describing and generally
does not adopt any opinion during the narration.
Examples of an omniscient narrator (3rd Person)
He is lying outside of the awning, on his blanket, and
he pretends to sleep; but neither the boss nor the porters lose sight of him.
view. Chapter I Page 4
"Santos Luzardo contemplated the lively spectacle with gazes"
fired up by the bursts of childhood memories, when
next to his father, he shared the dangers with the laborers of the
raise.
CHARACTERS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE
Main
Doña Bárbara: She represents the barbarity of the plains, she is the
antithesis of Luzardo; she is arbitrary, violent, cunning and
fanciful. However, there is still not an absence in her.
absolute feelings, which are intensely awakened by
Santos Luzardo. His contradictory ways are the result of
their mixed heritage and reflect the wild behavior of their
environment. Her behavior is a reaction to the trauma that she
suffered in her childhood, a victim of high levels of abuse.
Santos Luzardo: Represents civilization and progress. He is
a man from the civilized plains of the city, and at the same time,
lawyer and doctor graduated from theCentral University of
Venezuela.Luzardo is a man of great depth.
psychologically and essentially is a good person.
Marisela: Represents the good raw material that civilization
can mold. Product of a relationship without love, is rescued
by Santos Luzardo when he was in a condition
degrading.
Secondary
Lorenzo Barquero: A young man with a bright future ahead of him, who to
to die his father is forced to return to the plain where his
will is destroyed by misfortune and vice.
Juan Primito: Represents theSuperstitiony theBelief
paganof the men of the plain, commander of Doña Barbara,
in love with Marisela.
William Danger: Call also Mister Danger
It represents the contempt of foreigners towards the
Venezuelans. He is an accomplice of Doña Bárbara.
Don Pernalete: Represents, in union with 'Mujiquita' the
political incompetence of the country and the decaying state of
right, at the same time represents the depressing state of the
society, caused by the political leaders of the time.
Balbino Paiba, Melquiades Gamarra: They help Doña Bárbara
to kill the men that Bárbara ordered to be killed without
need that will pay them.
Antonio Sandoval, Juan Palacios "Pajarote", Carmelito
López, María Nieves: They are the laborers of the AltaMira estate.
They are companions and help Santos.
Félix Luzardo: Firstborn son of Don José and Doña Asunción,
he is killed by his own father.
Venancio: Son of Don Venancio, Venancio is the tamer.
Mujiquita: Friend of Santos, Mujiquita works at the Chief's office.
civil.
PLOT AND THEME
Doña Bárbara is a wealthy landowner, tough and insensitive due to a
traumatic experience she had as a teenager when she was raped by
agroupof killer pirates who also took away the
firstloveof her life. She has accumulated large lands and
extensive herds of cattle using men for their
benefitpersonaljust as formeansillegal, such as the
bribery of local officials.
One of the few landowners remaining in the area is Santos.
Luzardo, who has returned after studying law to
imposecontrolin his family's ranch. He suspects that the
foreman of the ranch, Balbino Paiba, hadstateworking as
disguised form for Doña Bárbara in order topowersteal their
cattle. The other workers do not believe that Santos is the one who
he puts a bite on the deeds of Doña Bárbara, but he demonstrates
with his excellent handling of the horse, that thebalanceof the power of the
the region is about to change.
Doña Bárbara has a teenage daughter with Lorenzo Barquero, the
landowner she was involved with and whom she left
broken, the mother doesn't want to know about her, she is completely abandoned
abandonment, although Juan Primito a servant of Doña Bárbara, ...
he secretly occupies himself with her. After Santos discovers
Marisela takes on the task of taking care of her and her father and she
takes them to his Ranch, to provide Marisela aeducationy
to steer Barquero away from vice ofalcohol.Meanwhile, Doña Bárbara
she is attracted to Santos, but when she finds out that his
her own daughter is a rival for her affection, she seeks by all means
ruin them.
The novel tells the story of Santos Luzardo's return to a ranch in
the Venezuelan plains and their encounter with Doña Bárbara, patroness
of the estate. It is an analysis of the llanera society, and in general,
of the country. It represents theconflictbetween civilization and barbarism.
In it, progress is personified in Santos Luzardo and the
delaytaxdue to the determinism of the geographical environment, in the
the rest of the characters, especially in Doña Bárbara.
STRUCTURE
How many chapters does each part have?
The first part contains thirteen chapters, the second part does as well.
that the first has thirteen chapters and the last part has fifteen
chapters.
How is each chapter identified?
First part
Who are we going with?
The descendant of the cunavichero
The Man-Eater
One only and a thousand different paths
The spear on the wall
The memory of Asdrúbal
The relative
The taming
The sphinx of the savannah
The specter of La Barquereña
The Sleeping Beauty
One day it will be true
The rights of Mister Danger
Second Part
An unusual event
The tamers
The stirrings
The rodeo
The Moves of Doña Bárbara
The One-Eyed Man of Bramador
Aricas honey
The evenings of the cattle ranch
The nameless passion
The imaginary solutions
Candles and sprouts
Couplets and passages
The damager and its shadow
Third Part
It is the fright of the blanket
The dust storms
Ño Pernalete and other calamities
Opposite directions were sought
The hour of man
The ineffable discovery
The inscrutable design
The pranks of Mr. Danger
The red glory
The delivered works
Light in the cave
The dots over the h's
The daughter of the rivers
The star in the crosshairs
All horizons, all paths
SECONDARY THEME
The past of "Doña Bárbara" which had a very past
painful.
LITERARY FIGURES
1. 4 Phonetic level
1.5 Morphosyntactic level
Anaphora
...with the ugly death painted on its face: the death of a specter of a
man
the death of a corpse.
It's raining, it's raining, it's raining...! Nothing else has happened for days.
Repetition
...All horizons, like hope, all paths, like the
will
1.6 Semantic level
Paradox
The plain is beautiful and terrible at the same time
Beautiful life and atrocious death
Image
Brilliant are the disturbing eyes of a sensual female.
for
large, the fleshy lips with an enigmatic fold in the
commissures, the
warm clay, blackthorn and straight the abundant hair.
Comparison
The voice of Doña Bárbara, flute of the androgynous demon.
she was nurturing
grave rumor of the jungle and sharp lament of the plain...
Hyperbaton
Of the one followed by the beasts, path opened by the hooves of the
cattle...
Parallelism
Santos listened with keen interest and attention.
optimist
Personification
Outside, the moon shone over the silent palm grove that stretched
around the
ranch, motionless in the calm of the night, and beyond it was reflected in
the
immense bog
This land does not forgive
Big and brutal boy (referring to the beast of Mister Danger)
Metaphor
It was the light that he himself had ignited in Marisela's soul,…
He/She had a moonlit stroll
Anaphora
...with ugly death painted on the face: the death of a specter of a
man
the death of a corpse.
NARRATIVE TIME
In the work Doña Bárbara, the date is not accurately discerned, without
embargo, from the context it can be inferred in which year it is set. The
mention of the war between Spain and the United States and the ages
of certain characters after thirteen years give a clue
related to the date, 1911.
The story unfolds in the plains of the state of Apure, near the
Arauca. It is currently a tourist destination due to its significance.
novel, the area was declared a National Park and named Santos
Luzardo in honor of the main character of the novel in 1988, under
the mandate of Jaime Lusinchi. A park was also built there.
a monument to Marisela and the Marisela Bridge that is over the
Arauca River.
PHYSICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
Theenvironmentthis novel is set in the Apure savannah,
Arauca region.
It is a story that raises themovementof oneculturewhere is
highlights the story of awomanthat saw frustrated hisloveand blind the
oasis of all tenderness in the frenzy of the assailants.
Lady Barbara summarizes the brave Carmelito, the daring Pernalete, the
coward Mujiquita, the generous Santos Luzardo. It narrates not only what
What was national life, if not the new destiny that should be outlined?
in thehistoryupcoming.