Nursing Science Program

Perintis Padang Polytechnic

PRELIMINARY REPORT

BASIC NURSING CLINICAL PRACTICE

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Name

NIM

Known by:

Clinical Supervisor Academic Advisor

(........................................) (........................................)
 PERSONAL HYGIENE NEEDS

1. BASIC CONCEPT

A. Definition
Personal Hygiene comes from the Greek language where 'personal' means
individual and hygiene mean healthy. So personal hygiene is a
actions to maintain someone's cleanliness and health for
physical and psychological well-being. Self-care is one of the basic skills.
humans in fulfilling their needs to sustain their lives,
health, welfare, in accordance with health conditions, the client is declared
his self-care is disrupted if he cannot perform self-care (Health Ministry)
2000). The measure of cleanliness or appearance of a person in fulfilling
Personal hygiene needs vary for each sick person because it occurs
disruption of need fulfillment. Nurses can provide information.
about better personal hygiene related to time or frequency
activities, and the correct way to take care of oneself.

Meanwhile, according to Entjang (2001), the definition of personal hygiene or hygiene

individual (personal health business) is an effort by someone to

maintaining and enhancing one's own health status. Several efforts
intended among others:
Maintaining personal hygiene, clothing, home, and its surroundings. Some
efforts can be made, among others, by bathing 2 times a day, washing hands
Before and after eating, and defecate in the proper place.
Eating food that is healthy and free from pathogens.
A well-ordered way of life.
Increase body immunity and physical health.
Avoiding contact with sources of disease.
Equipping the home with facilities that guarantee a healthy living.
like a good water source, a healthy toilet.
Health check-up
B.Type / Classification
There are also several types and efforts of personal hygiene, including
skin cleanliness, hair, teeth, and cleanliness of feet and nails.
1. Skin cleanliness, taking into account the following aspects:
a. Using your own daily necessities.
b. Bathe at least 2 times a day.
C. Mandi uses soap.
d. Maintaining the cleanliness of clothing.

Eat nutritious food, especially vegetables and fruits.

f. Maintaining environmental cleanliness.

2. Hair cleanliness, taking into account several aspects, including:

Maintaining hair hygiene by washing hair at least
twice a week. Washing hair with shampoo or materials
other hair cleansers, using hair care tools
alone.

3. Dental hygiene, by brushing teeth regularly.

paying attention to several things such as:

a. Brush your teeth correctly and regularly, preferably after every meal.
b. Using your own toothbrush
c. Avoid eating foods that damage teeth
d. Getting used to eating fruits that are healthy for teeth
e. Checking teeth regularly

4. Eye cleanliness, by paying attention to several things such as.

a. Reading in a bright place
b. Eating nutritious food
c. Sufficient and regular rest
d. Using your own clean equipment (such as towels and handkerchiefs)
e. Maintaining environmental cleanliness
 5. Ear cleanliness, by cleaning the ears regularly and not
cleaning the ears with sharp objects.

6. Cleanliness of hands, feet, and nails. This is important to do, as it can

avoiding various diseases. As we know, nails and hands
dirty things can cause contamination hazards and lead to
various diseases. Several efforts can be made, including:
a. Wash hands before eating
b. Trim nails regularly
c. Cleaning the environment
d. Washing feet before bed

C. Benefits of Personal Hygiene

Nursing actions by providing care for the affected skin.

or at risk of further network damage, especially in areas that
experiencing pressure (bulge). With the aim of preventing and addressing the occurrence of

pressure ulcer due to prolonged pressure and does not heal. Nursing actions on
patients by washing and combing their hair. The goal is
cleaning the germs on the scalp, adding comfort,
eliminating lice or dandruff that cling to the skin and smoothing the system
blood circulation under the skin. Nursing actions for patients in this way
cleaning and brushing teeth and mouth regularly. The purpose of this care
prevent infections in the mouth due to damage in the tooth and mouth area,
helps increase appetite and maintain oral and dental hygiene.
Nursing actions for patients who are unable to care for their nails appropriately.

alone. The goal is to maintain nail cleanliness and prevent the occurrence of injuries.
or infections due to scratching with the nails.

D.Factors That Influence

Body image
The general appearance of the patient can illustrate the importance of personal hygiene.

Regarding that person. Body image is a subjective concept of an individual.

about her physical appearance. Body image can change, due to surgery,
 surgery or physical illness, the nurse must make an effort.
extra to improve hygiene.
2.Social Practice
Social groups in which a patient is connected can
affect how patients carry out personal hygiene practices.
3. Economic resources
A person's economic resources influence the types and levels of practices.
personal hygiene. The nurse must determine whether the patient can
providing essential items such as deodorant, shampoo, toothpaste,
and cosmetics. Nurses must also determine if the use of the product...
this product is part of social habits practiced by
social group of patients.
4. Knowledge
Knowledge about the importance of hygiene and its implications for health
influences hygiene practices. Nevertheless, that knowledge itself
It is not enough, patients must also be motivated to maintain their personal care.

hygiene.
5.Culture
Culture and personal values influence personal care capabilities.
hygiene. Someone from a different cultural background, follows
different personal hygiene care practices.
6. Personal Choice
Each patient has individual desires and choices about when to
shower, shave, and do hair treatments. The patient chooses the products.
different (for example soap, shampoo, deodorant, and toothpaste) according to choice
personal.
7.Kondisi Fisik
Each patient has individual desires and choices about
when to bathe, shave, and take care of hair. A person who
suffering from certain diseases or undergoing surgery often lacks
physical energy or agility to carry out personal hygiene. A
patients who are using a cast on their hand or are using traction
needs assistance for market yang complete.
Heart condition, neurological, small
 paralysis, and serious metabolic disorders can weaken or incapacitate the patient.

unable and requires total personal hygiene care.

E.Gangguan Needs / Problems That Occur

1. Physical Impact

Many health disturbances are suffered by someone due to not

the maintenance of personal cleanliness is good. Physical disturbances that
frequently occurring are skin integrity disorders, mucous membrane disorders
mouth, infections in the eyes and ears, and physical disorders of the nails.
2. Psychosocial Impact
The social problem related to personal hygiene is disturbance.
the need for love, the need to be loved and to love, the need for appreciation
here, self-actualization and social interaction disorders.
2. THEORETICAL NURSING ASSUMPTIONS

A. STUDY
Data Collection
Identity includes Name, Age, Gender, Education Address, Religion,
Job, MRS Date, Registration No, etc.
main_complaint
The complaint most felt by the client
3.Nursing History
a. Factors that influence personal hygiene
b. Body hygiene patterns
c. Personal hygiene habits (bathing, oral care, nail and foot care,
hair, eye, nose, and ear care.
4. Physical examination
Note the changes in the mucous membrane area, skin, mouth,
nose, ears, nails, feet, and hair due to therapy.
a. Perform inspection and palpation, note the presence of lesions and the condition of the lesions.

b. Observation condition of the mucous membrane, skin, mouth, nose

ear nails, legs, and hair: color, texture, turgor.
Data
a. DS (data subject):
Bad activities
Less interaction
Less activity
The patient feels weak.
b. DO (objective data):
Body and dirty clothes
Dirty hair
Bad breath and teeth
Dull and dirty skin
dirty chicken
 B. DIAGNOSIS
The inability to take personal hygiene supplies is related to
physical weakness.

C. INTERVENTION

Day/Date No Objectives & KH intervention Rational

dx

- 1. After being provided with care 1. study factor 1. knowing

nursing for…..x….. causes cause factor
the expected time for the occurrence of the patient deficit treatment
carry out activities according to the deficit/ here at the client and
with yang must weakness determine
tolerated with Criterion 2. intervention study
result ability next.
cooperative patient in client to know
self-care. using client capabilities
self-care needs and assistive devices in to do
fulfilled 3. assist hygiene personal clients
activities are fulfilled without in without assistance
help or be independent cleanliness 3. for
body giving emotion
for example comfortable for the patient

cleanliness 4. minimize
mouth, bath resulting in decubitus
, and hair. in patients
4. adjust position 5. give
patients every ability to
3 hours to release
5. encourage energy
patient for 6. teaching
to engage in activities
to the family
6. teach the patient at home.
family 7. to determine
 patients for suitable therapy
to do given to the patient.
care
here for
caring
like:
market ,
ceramics and
brush your teeth.

collaboration
with an expert
physiotherapy
in
granting
therapy to
patient

D. IMPLEMENTATION
Implementation according to the intervention

EVALUATION
1. Cooperative patients in self-care.
2. Self-care needs are met.
3. Activities are fulfilled without help or independently.