Bibliotherapy
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Mental health problems are very common in AP, and it is estimated that
more than 30% of patients experience psychological distress, and that,
more than 80% present mild psychiatric disorders such as anxiety,
depression, adjustment disorders or impulse control disorders,
subclinical symptoms or characteristic personality traits. The
resources that the AP has to address this high percentage
of people consist of the psychological support provided by the doctor
from family, the establishment of a pharmacological treatment or the
combination of both. The conclusion is that our country, despite
being developed, does not have sufficient financial resources to
that these patients can be attended to by psychology specialists
clinic and psychiatry.
Starting from this current situation, we need to address these deficiencies in
the approach to mental disorders through promotion of
effective alternatives that require minimal time investment from
the healthcare professional could help a large number of patients.
One of these techniques with a maximum cost/benefit ratio is the
bibliotherapy.
Bibliotherapy has been defined by some authors as 'the use of the
literature to help people face their emotional problems,
mental illnesses or changes in their lives.
The general objective of bibliotherapy is to promote a change of
behavior, cognitive and/or emotional in a normative and good direction
established. This implies the achievement of different goals, among the
we highlight the following:
Help people understand and get to know each other better.
2. Contribute to making them realize that they are not the only ones who have a
determined problem, which will reduce your fear of the unknown
and the feeling of loneliness.
3. Help them learn strategies to face their problems and thus
reduce their frustrations and conflicts.
4. Promote independence and self-help, achieving
develop a more positive self-concept.
Regarding the use of this therapeutic tool, it is important to highlight
that bibliotherapy can be used with minimal supervision by
part of the family doctor. However, previously, the professional must
understand the patient's problem and needs well, know what
the specific clinic it presents consists of knowing its skills well.
readers and their comprehension skills, as well as their willingness to
Change. It is crucial that the professional is able to motivate the patient.
to carry out an active reading, and to achieve this it is essential that there is
read the materials that you are going to recommend, have a good
knowledge of them and knowing what problems they address
indicated.
Application method
Bibliotherapy promotes change at the intellectual and emotional level.
behavioral, psychosocial, and interpersonal, and for all of this to be possible,
It is necessary to implement a series of internal dynamics to
throughout the therapeutic process.
Advantages of using bibliotherapy: 4
1. Minimum administration time, which allows for a number
a lot more patients can benefit from this strategy
therapeutic.
2. The necessary training that the professional must provide is
minimum, which would allow the training of nursing staff with little
cost in time and effort.
Some patients frequently reject medication and prefer
other non-pharmacological alternatives, such as bibliotherapy.
The fact that milder illnesses could be treated in primary care.
they will decrease the stigmatization that it causes in certain people, due to the
being patients of mental health.
5. Bibliotherapy could be used as an effective first filter so that
referrals to specialized care will be reserved for diseases
more serious.
Bibliotherapy is a less intrusive treatment than therapy.
traditional psychological, as it focuses on the concrete problem.
It is an easy-to-use tool for the patient, which promotes the
self-help and personal growth.
8. If the milder diseases were treated in primary care, it would be achieved
partially reduce the high direct and indirect costs caused by
affective problems (depression, anxiety, etc.) in society.
Despite the many advantages of using the
bibliotherapy, it is also important to know its limitations to understand
manage them:
1. Scarcity of bibliographic material for certain problems.
Risk of encountering patients with limited abilities or few.
interest in reading.
In the case of serious psychiatric illness, there is no evidence to support
the effectiveness of this therapy.
Practical example. Recommended books Depression
Copeland ME. Overcoming Depression. A practical manual to help you
Living with depression and depressive mania. Barcelona: Robin Book;
1993.
Feel Good
Sevillá J, Pastor C. Psychological treatment of depression. 4th ed.
Valencia: Publications of the Behavior Therapy Center; 1996.
Adams C. Live positively. Optimism in action to combat
effectively melancholy and depression. Barcelona: Robin Book; 2003.
Phobias and anxiety
Davis M, McKay M, Eshelman ER. Emotional self-control techniques.
Barcelona: Martínez Roca, Library of Psychology, Psychiatry and Health,
Practical Series; 1985.
Cautela JR, Groden J. Relaxation techniques. Barcelona: Martínez
Roca, Library of Psychology, Psychiatry and Health, Practical Series; 1985.
Meichenbaum D, Jaremko M. Prevention and reduction of stress. Bilbao:
Desclée de Brouwer; 1987.
Fensterheim H, Baer J. Live without fears: how to master your fears,
phobias and anxieties. Barcelona: Grijalbo; 1995.
•Roca E. How to overcome panic (with or without agoraphobia). Program of
self-help. Valencia: ACDE; 2001.
Pastor C, Sevillá J. Psychological treatment of panic-agoraphobia.
6th ed. Valencia: Publications of the Center for Behavior Therapy; 2003.
th
Self-esteem
Branden N. How to Improve Your Self-Esteem. Barcelona: Paidós; 1987.
Auger L. Helping oneself, a psychotherapy through reason.
Santander: Sal Terrae; 1990.
•McKay M, Fanning P. Self-esteem assessment and improvement. Barcelona:
Martínez Roca, Psychology, Psychiatry and Health Library, Series
Practice; 1991.
•Bonet JV. Be a friend to yourself. Santander: Sal Terrae; 1994.
Social skills
Girodo M. How to Overcome Shyness.
Gaugelin F. Knowing how to communicate. Bilbao: Ediciones Mensajero; 1982.
Vallejo Nájera JA. Learning to speak in public today. Barcelona:
Planet; 1990.
Roca E. How to Improve Your Social Skills. Valencia: ACDE; 2002.
Pastor C, Sevillá J. Psychological treatment of social phobia. 2nd ed.
and
Valencia: Publications of the Center for Behavioral Therapy; 2003.
Assertiveness
Fernstenheim H, Baer J. Don't say yes when you mean no. Barcelona:
Grijalbo; 1976.
•Castayner O. Assertiveness: expression of a healthy self-esteem. Bilbao:
DDB; 1996.
Obsessions
Foa GB, Wilson R. Overcome your obsessions. Barcelona: Robin Book; 1992.
Sevillá J, Pastor C. Psychological treatment of obsessive disorder
compulsive. 2nd ed. Valencia: Publications of the Therapy Center
and
Conduct; 2004.
Couple conflicts
Aaron T. Beck. Love is Not Enough. Madrid: Paidos Ibérica; 1990.
Cáceres J. Learning to Live in a Couple Again.
Sexual dysfunctions
•Costa M, López E. How to Overcome Sexual Laziness. Madrid: Temas de
Today; 1999.
Sleep disturbances
•Estivill E, De Béjar S. I need to sleep! Insomnia does have a solution.
Barcelona: Plaza & Janés; 1997.