QUESTIONS CHAPTER 1

Was welding discovered during the BC era, or during the Christian era?

About 2500 years ago, a Greek blacksmith named

Glaucus.

2. Mention the categories in which the more than 40 processes can be grouped.
heat-based welding.

Arc welding
Solid state welding
Brazing
Soft soldering
Resistance welding
Welding with combustible gas and oxygen
Adhesive union
3. Describe in general the arc welding process. Name some of the
arc welding processes.

The welder obtains a suitable electrode, attaches the ground cable to the piece of
work, and adjust the electric current to "make the arc jump", that is, to create
an intense current that jumps between the electrode and the metal.
Core arc welding
Metal arc welding with bare electrode
Carbon arc welding
Arc welding of studs
Shielded metal arc welding

4. Describe the oxyacetylene welding process.

Oxygen and acetylene, combined in a mixing chamber, burn at the nozzle.

of the torch producing the highest flame temperature (around 6000°F, the
which exceeds the melting point of most metals.

5. Establish the difference between a welding machine operator and a welder.

A welding machine operator does not need to have the necessary experience to
weld since the process is carried out by the welding machine.

6. What does the expression certified welder mean?

It is the certification provided by institutions such as the American Society of

Mechanical Engineers (ASME, or American Society of Mechanical Engineers)
of the Code of boilers and pressure vessels.
7. According to information from the United States Department of Labor,
Bureau of Labor Statistics, how many welders and cutters are employed per year?
in the United States?

555,000 welders and cutters are employed.

8. In which industries are most welders and cutters employed?

Approximately 385,000 were employed in manufacturing industries.

9. What were the average hourly wages of welders in the industry?

Steel production in 1972?

$8.00 dollars per hour.

10. Name some of the professional and labor organizations that represent the
welders.
The International Brotherhood of Boiler Manufacturers, Workers of
Iron, Shipbuilders, Blacksmiths, Forgers, and Helpers.
The International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers.
The International Union, United Automobile Workers, Workers
Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America.
The United Association of Laborers and Apprentices in the Plumbing Industry and
Placement of Pipes of the United States and Canada.
List the methods by which grooves can be prepared for welding.

Flame cutting, grinding, saw cutting, and shearing.

What equipment is commonly used to keep the joint in position?

flat and horizontal?

Welding positioners.

When and why is fillet welding preferred over others?

groove welds?

Fillet welding is used when the direction of stress is transverse to the joint, and
this type of welding is preferred because it is done more quickly, often they are
cheaper and are simple to prepare.

List the four positions for welding.

Flat position, horizontal position, vertical position, and upward position.

 What does the expression out-of-position welding mean?

It is the welding that is carried out in positions different from flat.

Why is fillet welding often combined with other types of welding?

To improve the load distributions, such as in a T-joint.

Which of the four welding positions is the easiest for

Weld? Why?

The flat position is the easiest, because the molten metal is kept in position by
the force of gravity.

What does the expression 'efficiency of a welded joint' mean? Based on

What and in relation to which factors is it expressed?

The efficiency of a welded joint is the ratio of the strength of the joint to that of the
base metal, and is generally expressed as a percentage

Say the reasons for designing instead of randomly selecting the shape of a
welded joint.

They are mainly designed for the resistance and safety that services require.
those who are going to be allocated and considering the way in which it should be applied
service effort, whether tensile, shear, bending or torsional.

Write the types of joints.

There are five basic types of joints: the overlap joint, the butt joint, the
corner, the one with the flange and the T-joint.

QUESTIONNAIRE

What are the steps to connect the welding machine in the SMAW process?

Connect one end of the ground cable firmly to the piece to be welded.

Connect the electrode cable to the welding machine.

Hang the electrode holder on the hook of the cable holder.

What is the appropriate amperage to make a weld in the SMAW process on a plate?
5mm thick metal?

Amperage in the welding machine. (120-140)a

Explain why the edges of the plates to be welded are beveled?

For welding to have good penetration.

What is the proper width that a weld bead should have in the SMAW process?

The diameter of the electrode is 2.5

What is the function of the flux that surrounds the SMAW electrode?

When the molten weld cools, the flux forms slag to protect the metal from
welding against oxidation, and prevents porosity in the weld bead.

The flux also contains ionizing elements that make the arc more stable.
(especially when welding with an AC power source), along with alloys that give to the
welding its ductility and tensile strength. Some electrodes use flux with a
highest concentration of iron powder to help increase the speeds of
deposition, while others contain added antioxidants that act as agents
cleaners and can penetrate corroded or dirty workpieces, or scale from rolling.

Is there any recommendation for an optimal angle of the torch when welding?
Welders should place the electrode holder almost perpendicular to the joint to be welded. The technique
It is more common to tilt the electrode holder towards them at about 45 degrees and push the molten welding.
along the joint. This technique results in a symmetrically rounded fusion weld,
which concentrates the heat injection.

How does the speed of movement affect the quality when welding materials?
slim?
A stable travel speed is critical when welding thin materials. Weld very
slowly and the heat will accumulate in the base material or the weld bead may widen
too much. Push the torch forward, as described above, in such a way that the
molten solder should remain slightly in front of the torch and stay visible. The welder must
move the torch and add filler material when required, at a pace that allows you to create
Laces whose thicknesses are approximately equal to the thickness of the piece.

What is the length that the arc should have in the SMAW process?

The arc length must always be as constant as possible (between 2 and 4 mm in length,
depending on the thickness of the electrode) uniformly bringing the electrode closer, as it is
consuming, towards the piece and along the joint in the direction of welding.

What are the considerations to take when the electrode is finished?

Shorten the arc quickly and then move the electrode laterally out of the crater.
This technique is used when the consumed electrode is to be replaced in order to continue.
welding from the crater.
Stop the forward movement of the electrode, allow the crater to fill, and then remove.
the electrode.
Give the electrode an angle contrary to the one it had and retract about 10-12 mm.
the same cord, before interrupting the arc; in this way the crater is filled.
The principle of arcing is based on the contact of the electrode tip with the base metal or piece.
of work. This collision can be performed in two ways. Explain each one.
 By strike: that is, hitting the metal and lifting the electrode.
By scraping: sliding the electrode over the metal at a slight angle, as if
lit a match.

1. Mencione dos defectos en la soldadura y describa

Porosity.- describes spherical voids free of any solid material
Incomplete penetration - situation in which the deposited metal and the base metal
they do not merge integrally in the root

2. Why does cracking occur in a weld?

Due to the presence of localized multidirectional stresses that in some exceed the
maximum resistance of the metal

3. Describe the undermining and draw it.

Undercutting - elimination by melting of the wall of a weld groove in the
edge of a cord, is not relevant except under fatigue loads

4. List the non-destructive welding testing methods

Visual inspection
Radiographic inspection
Magnetic powder inspection
Ultrasonic inspection
Liquid Penetrant Inspection

5. What equipment is needed to carry out a visual inspection of a weld?

Magnifying glass
Welding size gauge

6. What are the limitations of magnetic particle inspection of a weld?

It can only be applied to ferromagnetic materials.
Difficult to use on rough surfaces
Skill in interpretation

7. What are the advantages of radiographic testing of a weld?

It allows determining internal defects of the weld
There is a permanent record of the fault or defect.
Low-cost internal inspection method

8. What allows me to visualize the penetrant is a weld

Superficial cracks not noticeable at first sight
 9. What are the limitations of ultrasound in a welding test?
It requires a high degree of skill to interpret pulse drawings.

10. Because it is not reliable to use destructive welding testing methods

Because any sampling test procedure can allow the
test defective workpieces

What type of burners are used in brazing applied with a torch?

Holding by the hand of the welder

Fixed burners with one or multiple flames

The brazing applied by furnace is a process for mass production applied to

the components of small assemblies by metallurgical joining

(V) (F)

What melting temperature should filler metals have to be used in

brazing?

800℉

Epoxy adhesives are made of two components that need to be

mixed to fulfill its adhesive function.

Hardener and base resin

Mention the advantage of hot melt adhesives.

They are adaptable to high-speed assembly operations because they stabilize and achieve
its maximum resistance as soon as it cools.

List the classification of epoxy adhesives

Of a component
o High strength, flexible
o High resistance, semi-rigid
Of various components

What types of fluxes exist for low melting point soldering?

Type of chloride and acid

Organic type
Type of colophony or resin
Foundries for aluminum

What are the joints obtained in low melting point welding?

Together to the max
 Overlapping joints
Sharp or beveled joints
Joint at the top with garnish
Weld joint with socket

What does low melting point soldering consist of?

Low-temperature bonding method in which a metallurgical or action occurs.

solvent between the welding and the metal being joined

What is the importance of the joint in welding?

The joint is an important factor in determining the maximum load it can withstand, without
fail due to fracture or deformation.

What is the maximum temperature that cadmium and silver solder can withstand?

Joints with cadmium and silver welding around640°F (338°C)

Questionnaire

Write 2 characteristics of gas welding rods or wires and cite one of them.
his/her classes.
They are steel rods.
They have no coating whatsoever.
RG65 welding rod

2. Ponga 3 ejemplos de metales de aporte y su especificación correspondiente según

AWS-ASTM

A5.2 Iron and steel welding rods for gas welding.

A5.8 Brazing filler metal
A5.11 Nickel and nickel alloy welding electrodes, coated.

3. Describe the designation of the following electrode according to the AWS classification

EM13K

E=electrode

M = average manganese content

13 = the approximate percentage of carbon in hundredths of one percent

K= killed silicon steel

4. What requirements must a flux for submerged arc welding have?

 Tensile strength
Impact resistance

5. An EFeCr-A electrode is possessed where it is used and why?

This type of electro is used to coat agricultural machinery because it is resistant to erosion.
or abrasion from low-stress scratching.

6. What are the characteristics that a combustible gas must possess when burned with
the oxygen?

High flame temperature

High flame propagation rate
Appropriate heat content

7. List the common shielding gases and the welding processes in which they are used.
employs

Argon-Helium for TIG welding

Argon-Helium-Oxygen for gas metal arc welding

8.Escriba 3 ventajas de los electrodos recubiertos.

Reduce the crackling
The slag produced by it helps to shape the material.
Improve the appearance of the welding

9. What is the goal of having electrodes coated with a minimum thickness?

Facilitate the application of welding in vertical and overhead positions, sufficient

for necessary protection.

10. Write with what material the AWS E-6013 electrodes are coated.

They are coated with high titanium content potassium.

 1. What is the type of technique and observation when performing manual welding with
short arch for aluminum when the position is upwards and the type of joint is to
top?
A forward technique is performed and the observation is the cord is as flat as possible.

2. Place the parts of a protective gas outlet valve.

Answer.

3. What is the gas mixture used for plates between 2 to 3 inches thick for
Aluminum?
50% Argon and 50% Helium or alternatively 25% Argon and 75% Helium

4. What are the first 3 steps for the pre-welding procedure?

student for the short arch method?

Check the power cable connections.

Turn on the welding machine.
Start the wire feeder.
5. Place the parts of a water-cooled welding torch and cable set.
TIG.

Response.
 6. WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF CURRENT THAT CAN BE CHOSEN IN
TIG welding?

The operator has three types of current to choose from, direct polarity DC, DC with
inverted polarity, and AC with high frequency stabilization.

7. What TYPE OF CURRENT SHOULD I USE TO WELD LOW CARBON STEEL?

OF CARBON?

With direct polarity

8. WRITE 5 CONTROLS THAT I KNOW OF THE MACHINE ADJUSTMENT

TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING AND GAS?
HIGH FREQUENCY SWITCH
POWER SWITCH
INTERVAL SWITCH
PRIMARY OVERLOAD SWITCH
Welding Current Control

9. WRITE THE PROCEDURE PRIOR TO WELDING BY THE

STUDENT?
- Make sure the welding table is clean.
- Verify that you have the necessary protective equipment.
helmet
apron
Leather gloves
Boots
- Adjust the electrode.
- Insert the nozzle into the body of the torch.
 - Insert the electrode into the nozzle, and push it out so that it protrudes.
approximately 0.5 inches from the tip of the nozzle.
- Adjust the welding machine to the appropriate values.
- Turn on the welding machine
- Slowly open the valve of the gas protection tank until it is fully open
totally.

10. WHAT SHOULD BE THE MEASURE OF ALUMINUM STRIPS APPROXIMATELY FOR

MAKE A LONGITUDINAL CORD IN THE FLAT POSITION?
- Aluminum strips of 6*2*1/8 inch.

WELDING QUESTIONNAIRE CHAPTER 1, 2, 3

Members:

Lenin Guanopatín
Juan Palacios

Automotive Course

Date: 14-1-2015

What does welding work consist of?

. In joining two pieces of metal by applying intense heat, intense pressure, or both
things
2. What is the arc welding process?
. It is a process where heat is obtained from an electric arc and it is maintained between
two electrodes or between an electrode and the workpiece
3. How is the flame of a gas welding generated?
. By the combination of a combustible gas with air or oxygen. The gases
the most commonly used fuels are acetylene, natural gas, propane
and butane.
4. What is the biggest advantage of using oxygen in gas welding?
. Which allows obtaining much higher combustion temperatures.
it allows for obtaining much higher combustion temperatures.
5. What is the biggest disadvantage of gas welding?
. That certain metals react unfavorably, and even violently,
in the presence of carbon, hydrogen or oxygen that certain metals
they react unfavorably, and even violently, in the presence of the
carbon, hydrogen or oxygen
6. What are the types of welding?
Weld bead, undulated, fillet, plug and elongated hole, groove.
7. Define the classification of recommended electrodes for position welding.
E060, E6011, E6011, E6012, E6013, E6027, E7014, E7018, E7024, E7028
8. What are the types of Joints?
The overlap joint, the butt joint, the corner joint, the flanged joint, and the T-joint.
 9. What do the finish and tail symbols represent?
It contains specifications, the process, and other references as well as the
Information transmitted through the welding symbol is read as follows.
easily and accurately, making descriptive notes unnecessary
long
10. What do the reference lines represent.
The reference line of a welding symbol is the line represented in
a horizontal plane connected to a tail and an arrow, is the base of each symbol
simplified, and provides the guidance and standard location of the
elements of a welding symbol.
11.

QUESTIONNAIRE

1) What types of flames are used in gas welding………………

premixed and mix in nozzle

What are the gas welding techniques...

the direct feed welding and the backward welding

3) Why are several cylinders connected in a manifold.......

To centralize the gas supply and provide a continuous gas discharge

4) What is spot welding?

Response: consists of pressing two or more pieces of laminated metal.

5) What is seam welding?

The response consisted of making a series of spot welds in overlap.

6) What is friction welding and how is it done?

It is a process in which heat is produced by direct conversion of energy

mechanics in thermal energy at the contact surfaces of the pieces holding a
fixed treble piece in contact with another that is rotating.

7) Write the three methods for joining workpieces by friction welding:

1) la soldadura por fricción convencional, 2) la soldadura por iner cia y 3) la soldadura
by steering wheel.

8) In which materials does diffusion welding have its applications?

In titanium alloys, zirconium ones, and nickel-based composites.

9) List the types of welding that do not involve any type of mechanical contact.
with the workpiece.
Electron beam welding and laser welding.
10) Write the formula to find the power needed to carry out a weld.
ultrasonic.
E = 150 (1.5 H)(1.5 t)
E: It is the energy in watt-seconds;
H: It is the Vickers number,
It is the thickness of the sheet

UNIVERSITY OF THE ARMED FORCES ESPE

LATACUNGA

1. How is the resistance welding process carried out?

It is carried out through a group of processes in which the necessary heat is generated for
welding, due to the resistance of the parts to the passage of an electric current.

2. What are the processes of resistance welding?

Spot welding

Seam welding for bearing

Welding by protruding parts

Electrodes for spot welding, seam welding, and protruding parts

Lightning welding

Butt welding with re-straining

Percussion welding

3. What does spot welding consist of?

Spot welding consists of pressing two or more sheets of metal between two
soldering electrodes, made of copper or a copper alloy, and pass an electric current
of sufficient intensity for the parts, to allow for their welding or joining.

4. What does roll welding consist of?

It consists of making a series of overlapping spot welds; this weld is

normally airtight to gases and liquids.

5. What are the general types of seam welding?

the longitudinal
the circular
6. What is used in projection welding?

Spherical protrusions are used to weld assemblies made of sheet and plate steel.

The protrusions can also be minted or forged at the ends or on the surfaces of
screws, nuts and similar fastening elements.

7. What material can be welded better by protruding parts?

 The metal that can be welded most satisfactorily by protrusion welding is steel.
with low carbon content with a thickness ranging from (0.010 to 0.250 in).

8. What are three important functions of the electrodes used in welding?

resistance?

They conduct the welding current to the workpiece. (electrical function)

They transmit the appropriate pressure force to the welding area (mechanical function)

Dissipate the heat from the welding area more or less quickly.

9. What is another name for lightning welding?

Arc welding with pressure

10. What does percussion welding consist of?

Percussion welding is a resistance welding process in which

it obtains heat through an arc produced by a rapid discharge of electrical energy,
The force is applied during or immediately after the electric discharge.

UNIVERSITY OF THE ARMED FORCES ESPE

LATACUNGA

1.- Mention the types of electron beam welding

Half vacuum welding

High vacuum soldering

Welding without vacuum

2.- Conceptualize what the electron beam consists of

The electron beam has a small diameter and high energy intensity, which allows for

cross large thicknesses of material (up to 65 millimeters in a single pass

approximately.

3.- Mention the disadvantages of electroslag welding.

It has a high cost.

The large amount of energy that is used

Need for a smooth area for the easy movement of the footings.
 There are cases of brittle fracture in the welded area.

4.- Mention the advantages of electroslag welding.

High welding speed that can be achieved.

High productivity

it allows for a considerable time saving

High capacity for welding thick metals.

The process can self-regulate.

Good quality welding.

5.- In which sectors can electroslag welding be applied.

metallurgy sector.

sector of the creation of bridges, industrial buildings, and heavy machinery.

for welding thick walls, joints in large furnaces, and for welding steels

stainless

It is very common in the shipbuilding industry to join thick steel plates.

carbon.

6.- Why does the arc occur?

The arc is produced by means of an electric arc and not by the electrical resistance of the slag.

7.- What type of current can be used in electrogas welding?

Only direct current can be used.

8.- What happens during the exposure of some of the atoms in laser welding?

laser?

During the exposure, some of the chromium atoms are excited to a high level.

energy, causing the ruby to emit a red light.

9.- What are the types of plastic welding?

for heat

by injection

by ultrasound

by laser

10.- What is the thermite welding reaction used for?

The reaction is used for thermite welding frequently used to join

railway tracks

1.- What is welding with low melting point metals or alloys?

It is another of the low-temperature union methods in which an action occurs.

metallurgical or solvent between the welding and the metal being joined

2. What is the nature of low melting point solder?

It is of a chemical nature

3. What alloys make up low melting point solder?

Most of these solders are tin and lead alloys.

4. What is the composition of tin and lead that is determined in low melting point solder?

Determine its physical and mechanical properties

5. Indicate which application can be used with 30% tin and 70% lead respectively?

General purpose welding

What is the function of a flux?

Remove the non-metallic oxide film from the surface of the metal.
What is essential to carry out the low melting point welding process?

It is essential that the metal to be welded is free of non-metallic impurities.

8. What does the tinning process of the soldering iron consist of?

It consists of giving it a completely metallic surface, through which it can flow the
heat

9. Why does cold welding occur?

Because the metal to be welded is not as hot as the molten weld, during the
operation

10. What is the purpose of a low melting point solder.

The aim of this welding is to create a strong permanent connection.

What is brazing?

It is a welding process with low temperature

What should the ferrous filler metal have in relation to the base metal?

A lower melting point than the base metal

3) 2 ventajas de la soldadura manual con soplete?

Flexible method, applicable to many assemblies

Low-cost equipment

4) 2 Disadvantages of resistance welding

Individual management is necessary

It is possible that deformation may occur.

5) Welding with gas burners

Using a mixture and pressurized air, the burners apply concentrated heat to the
workpiece

6) What is the process of salt bath welding?

The workpiece is immersed in a molten salt bath to heat it. The bath
it can have a flux action

What temperature must the inert gases reach in furnace welding?

 2000-2100 °F

8) What gases are used in furnace welding?

Inert gases such as argon or helium

9) How should the piece be prepared for brazing?

The surface must be freed from grease, oxides, dust, the surface must be
completely clean for a good weld

10) How is the effect of embrittlement caused by hydrogen countered?

Heat all the metal mass to 300 °F and keep it at that temperature until it melts.
all the hydrogen

CHAPTER 12

UNION BY ADHESION

1.- Mention 5 adhesion joints

Polyvinyl chloride adhesive

Acrylic adhesives
Hot melt adhesives
Multi-component epoxy adhesives
Natural rubber adhesives

2.- What are polyvinyl chloride adhesives used for?

To bond vinyl plastics to metal or glass

3.- What should be verified in the use of polyvinyl chloride adhesives?

If used in aqueous solutions and a prolonged service is desired, it must be verified the
adhesive compatibility against a metal surface in the presence of moisture.

4.-What are acrylic adhesives used for

Used to pick up plastics, glass, leather, fabric, and metals.

5.-What is the maximum usage temperature of the acrylic adhesive?

The maximum service temperature is around 125°F

6.-What are the advantages of hot melt adhesives?

Indefinite shelf life

Reuse
Do not produce waste

7.-How are hot melt adhesives used?

It is used in the field of packaging.

Join various materials to aluminum sheets

Cements for side sewing in metal container constructions

8.- How are multi-component adhesives composed?

Packaged adhesives that contain two parts: the epoxy resin, with fillers and/or
modifiers, and the activator or hardener.

9.- What are isomerized recycled rubber adhesives used for and at what temperature?

Used to coat storage tanks due to their good adhesion to metal

Its maximum operating temperature is around 140°F

10. What are the insoluble adhesives of rubber hydrochloride?

Insoluble in ethers, alcohols and esters.

Questionnaire Chapter 13
Safe practices in welding and cutting

What material should the gloves and aprons be made of for the welding process?
Leather
b) Plastic
Lead
d) Any material
2. When we are going to install welding machines, we must do so in accordance with:
a) AWS Standards
b) Rules of local government
c) Standards of the National Electrical Code
 d) OSHA Standards
3. When we weld in places with wooden floors or flammable material floors.
we must have a safety radius of:
11 meters
15 meters
c) 5 meters
30 meters
4. Carbon tetrachloride fire extinguishers are prohibited from use.
when working with metals by:
a) For its price
They react with the metal obtaining toxic gases
It is toxic
d) All of the above
5. When a place is always used for welding processes, we must
paint their walls a color that does not reflect light, what is it?
Blue
b) White
c) Black
Gray
6. The function of welding lenses is:
a) Protect the eyes from the welding flash
b) Protect the eyes from ultraviolet and infrared light
c) None of the answers
d) A and B are correct
7. Among the conditions that welding with Cadmium can cause, we can find:
a) Neumonitis
b) Flu
c) Severe diarrhea
d) Cancer
8. Among the factors that influence the amount of fumes that a welder can produce
absorbers are:
a) Dimension of the area, number of welders, duration of the arc,
ventilation.
b) Material, brand of the welder, quality of the electrode, conditions
environmental
c) A and B are correct
d) None
9. What type of protective glasses do we have:
a) Cup type of eyes
b) Type of glasses
c) Mask type
d) All of the above
10. The duration of the damage from inhalation of zinc and magnesium fumes is:
2 to 4 hours
6 to 8 hours
 c) 4 to 8 hours
More than 10 hours

UNIVERSITY OF THE ARMED FORCES ESPE-L

Chapter 8

General process for joining metals in the solid state

Solid State Welding

2. What are the types of solid welding?

Cold welding by pressure

Friction welding

Diffusion welding

Explosion welding

Ultrasonic welding

It is a suitable process for the bonding of high-purity aluminum.

Cold welding by pressure

4. Mention other types of welding that are done by this process.

Wavy welds, Sandwich welds

5. What type of welding causes a change in energy on the surfaces of a

material?

Friction welding

6. What are the methods for joining pieces by friction?

Conventional. Inertia

Welding is done by applying pressure at a high temperature.

Diffusion welding
8. It is the process where the metals to be joined are welded through high movement.
speeds

Explosion welding

This process welds the metal through the local application of vibratory energy.

Ultrasonic welding

10. Frequencies at which ultrasonic welding occurs

10,000 and 175,000 Hz

1.- Of all the welding processes, which is the most used?

The arc welding process

2.- Write down two metals that offer less resistance to the flow of current.

Aluminum
Copper

3.- Explain how the ground and electrode holder are connected in the following
connections:

PD: Ground cable to the positive terminal, electrode holder to the negative terminal
Ground cable to the negative terminal, electrode holder to the positive terminal

4.- What is generated when an air gap is formed?

An intense heat is generated that melts the base material.

5.- What polarity does GMAW welding have and what gases does it use?

It is of reverse polarity and uses active gas (MAG) and inert gas (MIG)

6.- What is the other name for GTAW welding, and what is its quality?
What electrode is used?

It is known as TIG, and the electrode is practically non-consumable.

7.- Briefly explain the submerged arc welding process.

Semi-automatic or automatic process, one or two metal electrodes are used.

bare and the arc is protected by a cover: the arc, the electrode, and the cup
soldering fusions are completely submerged in the conductive flux of
high resistance.

8.- What formula is used to calculate the voltage of a power source?

E = 20 + 0.04 * I

9.- List the components to be used in MIG welding

Power supply, gas source, wire reel, gas control system, engine
the wire feed, ground cables, and electrode holder and material to be worked on

10.- Describe the phenomenon or deviation of the arc

Phenomenon caused by a magnetic disturbance near the arc when it

applies welding with direct current