9.
COORDINATION COMPOUNDS
Introduction - Max. Mavks :o7
Cooxdination compound containin coordinate
bond between cental metal atom and other
atoms groy ps.
2
Nic CN),1
centyal e
metq atom donaing qroups
igands
Q.1 Define liqands. March- 16Tuly-1k
How liqands qre classified ? July -17
Ansi Liqands i- Itis an ion ox alecules which
is attached to central metal atom to fom Complex.
Types of ligands i
i) Monodentate ligands t. March-22
Ligands that donate a Singlc Pair of elechrons
to a metal atom is called monodentate ligends
C cN CO, NH,oH ctc
hi) Bidentate Liqonds - Sept -21 Mavch -22
Liqands that donate two pairs of electrons
to a metal atom is called bidentate ligands
Ethylene dieminc. CH
H,t!
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LiiJ Polydentase liqands i
Ligands has more than two donor atom
attached to central metal atom is Called poly"
dentate ligands.
eg
Cg [EDTA]- Ethylene diamine teha acetate ion
-CH, - CH-NCH coo
N
ocHe Hcoo
EDTA ion- Hexadentat liqonds
(iy Ambidentate ligands March-22
Ligands have two donot atoms but only one donor
atom is attached to mnctal atom is called
ambidem tate Jigands.
M CN MG NG
SCN NO, eto
Q.2 Wxite the name of bexadentate ligond M-24
Ans: EDTA ionCEHhylene diamine tetra acetale.
lon )
Q.3 classify the folloeingligands into
monodentate and Polydenkate -
(i) NHs monodentate
() Carbon nnonoxide - monodentatc
(ni) Ethylene.diamihe. Polydentate
(i) EDÍA ìon Polydentate
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What is coovdination sphere ?
|Ans: The cental metal atom and liqands
attached to it are cnclosed in Square bracket
Tbis is call ed Coovdinalkon Sphere
e.g -2.
[NI CN), J Coordinalon S phere
Note - Calculation of 0xidaion state
or Charqe No of Complex ion i
eg-(1) IFe (CN)T
O5. of Fe + 6XO-S.of C N :-y
o-S.of Fe tG x ) = -4
Os .of Fe -4+6
eg(2) Nico),
eg-3)
[P# C,(NHJ
Pt +2XCI t 2X NH, o
TPE t2.
Q.4 Define coordination mum ber
Ans; T4 is the no of iqand directl attached
to metal ion.
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a.5 zite posBulates of Werner 's Theory.
July-16, 22,23 Marh 2y
Ams:- æ) In complex metal iom shows two
type of valencies. primary and Secondary
Pximayy valencies are ionizable and
Satisfied by anions
(in Secondary Valcncies are non ionizable gnd
Satisied by neutral molecwcs oY anions
iy) Every metal has fisxed Secondar4 Valeny
) secondary valencies have a fxed arange
ment aroun the metal lon,
Co C
Seconda Pimarg
Q.6 DiferetiaBe between double salt and
coovdination Compound. Mach- l6
Ans:
i)
Double Salt
A double
lcooxdination Compaund
Salt disseciates i) A cooYdiDation comp.
in water completely into dissociates in water with
Simple ions. atleast one Complex loh
Double Salt lose their ) Coovdination Comp.
ideniy ohen dissolvc in yetain their idendity
H,o in Ho
Cg Moh's Salt
Feso, (NH,),so46Ho
Fe +
(94) 4Kt +[Ee CeN)J
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5
a:7 classify the Comple on he basis of types
of ligands
Ans: ) Homoleptic complez : J-22.
Complex which contain samc type of ligands axe
called homolepticcomple
Cg [Ni(CN)
(ii) Hcteroleptic complex: J-22
Complex which Contain more thanone type
of dignd are called heteYolepie complex
Q.8 Clqssify the complc om the basis March
o Charc.
Ansi- i) cationic comple
The commple wbich Caxries a net positive charc
is called catiomie complex. [ Co CNH,
i) Anionic complex
The Complex which Cayries meqaive chargc is
Called anionic Comple
Neutyal comple
The Complex which has no chargc is calle
neutral Complex.
Ni(cO).,
IUPAC Nomenclatuye of
Compound. Coovdimation
Tezchct's Sirnaiure:
DATE
NOTE
Table 9.1:IUPAC names of anionic and neutral ligands
Anionic ligand IUPAC name Anionic ligand IUPAC name
B, Bromide Bromo Co®, Carbonate Carbonato
CI,Chloride Chloro OH, Hydroxide Hydroxo
Fe, Fluoride Fluoro C,0, Oxalate Oxaiato
° lodide lodo NO,°, Nitrite Nitro (ForN - bonded ligand)
CN°, Cyanide Cyano ONOP, Nitrite Nitrito(For O-bonded ligand)
So, Sulphate Sulphato SCN®, Thiocyanate Thiocyanato (For ligand
donor atom S)
NO,$, Nitro Nitrato NCS, Thiocyanate Isothiocyanato (For ligand
donor atom N)
Neutral ligand IUPAC name Neutral ligand IUPAC names
NH, Ammonia Ammine (Note the
H,0, water Aqua
spelling)
CO, Carbon monoxide Cabonyl en, Ethylene diamine Ethylenediamine
Table 9.2 : IUPAC names of metals in anionic complexes
Metal IUPAC name Metal IUPACname
Aluminium, Al Aluminate Chromium, Cr Chromate
Cobalt, Co Cobaltate Copper, Cu Cuprate
Gold, Au Aurate Iron, Fe Ferrate
Manganese, Mn Maganate Nickel, Ni Nickelate
Platinun, Pt Platinate Zinc, Zn Zincate
Q.9 Wite TuPAC name of tollouin
Complex
Type -I
Ans!
Ni(cO)4
Tehacarbonylnickel co)
Sep- 21
Ans! entacavbony<ixon c0)
DATE
7
Type-T
i) [Ni cN)
Ans: Tetracyanonickclate cI) ion
(ii (Fe cCN)J
Ans: Heca cyan ferrate cIl) ion
3
Gi) t co cso.),1
Ans: Tsiozalatocobaltate CII)) ion
Type-I
Ans: otassiunm hestacyanofersade CIl)
Ans: Sodiumtetracyano Zincate Cl)
k[Au (CN),J
Ans: Potassium dicyanoaurate c)
(i) No, t AIF] July 29
Ans: Sodiumhecafluoroalumim ate C)
(V) Ns T co CNO)] March -|3,24
Ans Sodiumhestanito cobalBate Cil)
(vi) Ky A1(40,),]
Ams Potassium triox alato alumim atc CIN)
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8
TyPe - IY
IAg cNH,) J cI
2
Ans: Diammine Silver CI) Chloride
(ii) C CNH,)] CI,
Ans: Hexaamminc chromiym CII|) Chloridc
(i)C Aq CNH, ),] NO
Ans: Diammine Silyer CI) nihate
Type-y
Ans: Diammine dichloro platimum CIL)
(i ) [ Co CNH,) CO,]CI
Ans: Pentoammine Carbonato cebalt CI)chlosde
(ii") Co CHo) CNH,Ds]I3
Ansi Penta ammin aqu Cobalt c ) iodide
(iv) coCNH,cHo,JClg
Ans:Telaammine diaqua cobalt CIII) Chloyide
(v)
Ans: Tetsaammine dibromo platinumIy) bromidd
Type-VI
Anst Bis Cethyiene diamine ) dithiocyanato
Civ) platinum
fon
Ans: Bis Cethytenediamine) dicbloro Platinm Civ)ion
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Q. Wite the formula of follo oinq
Complex .
(i) Tethraamminedichloro platium C lv) chlovide
Morch-16
(ii)Pentaammine chloro cobalt CII) Slphate
Ansi I Co CNH,cI SOy July18
(ii) Copper bescacyanoferrak CIL) Merch18
Ans: Cu,[ Fe CcN)J
(iy) Tetxaaquodichloro Chromium CI) chloride
Ans: March-13
(v) Potassium tetya cyanoquY ate a)
Ans: KEAu CCND tMaych-13
li) Hexafl4orD-3Cobaltade CI) ion
Ans: C CoFJ
v)Tetra aomine Copper (I) ion
Ans: [ Cu CNH,)1
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Q. lo what is effecive atomic mumbcr (E
Ans: EAN Yule i- AN)2
Makch-|4, 17,14
E AN xule states hat a
metal ion continves
to accept electrons il| i+ attains the electr
onic confiquralion of net n oble gas
E AN Z-X +y
Z-ABomic.
no. of metal
X = Charqc of central metal atom
y = No. of e donated by liqands
Ql Calculate EAN in followin
Comple:
[co CNH,),J3 March -14, 24, Tuly-22.
EAN Z-X +y
= 27-3t 6x2
= 24 t12. 26e
March 14
EAN
: 30-2 +4x2
=28 +8 36e
March -17
- 24 -0t6X2.
=24 t12
36e
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(iy) March -11
E AN
26-2 t 6x2
24+ |2 =
36e
[Cu CNH)] March -14, 20
EAN= Z- X ty
29-2 t Yx2
35e
Notei ISOMERISM IN cOORDINATION COMPOUNDS
Isomerism: Compounds having same molecular
formula but different structural formula (spatial
arrangement of atoms) are called isomers and the
phenomenon is called isomerism.
Isomerism
Steroisomers Structural isomers
They have same links (Constitutional isomers).
among constituent They have different linkages
atoms but among their constituent
arrangements of atoms atoms but have same
in space are different. chemical formula.
Geometrical isomers Optical isomers
They have same link Optical isomers are
armong constituent non- superimposible
atoms but arrangement mirror images.
of atoms in space are They have same properties
different. but differ in response to
These are shown by plane polarised light.
heteroleptic complexes. Optical isomerism is
shown by octahedral
complexes.
Cis -isomers
Tans-isomers
Similar ligands occupy Similar ligands occupy
adjacent positions. opposite positions.
STRUCTURAL (cONSTITUTIONAL)ISOMERS:
Ionisation Solvate or
isomershydrate isomers Coordination
isomers
Linkage
isomers
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Q12 Dyaw the cis and tans iso mers of
followirg
P CNH,),CI,
NH
PA P
C
Cis tyons
(ii) CP(NM,)é,0) CI,1
H
H
Cis tans
ChiD I Co (NH,ci,]" March- 23
HN
Cis
tyans
Te acher's Slgnatue:
DATE
iv) PB CNH,, cI Br] 2
+2
Br
Br
Co (en),C1, J*
+
Co
Cis txans
Q13 Draw the optical isomers of following
Draw the miro imagcs of follouoinq
ComplexeS.
C Co en), ] 3 3
en
d mirror
+2
(ii) P+ cI,(en),]
26
C CI
en Pt en
en
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Q4.Discuss the tollo oimq.
() Ioniza tion iSomers : July-23,24
The Compound havinq Same molecular formula
but give diferent ions in Soluton,
() C Co CNH3) So,J Br ’co CNH,)So,] +Br
Red
t2
(a)t Co CNHs)_B]s0,’lCoCNH,),&]+so
yiolet
] Linkaqe isomeYs 2 T-24
These isomers are formed when the liqand has
two diffexent donor atoms.
They diffex in the limkagc of Jigand to eentral
metal atom.
[Co CNH),NO,]* and l GocNH,)_ONO]
(iiD Hydsate. ox Solvate isomeys . Tuly-2y
Compound havim Same molecylar toxmula
but diffey in no. of HaD molecule as Jiqan d
IV) Cocordination isomers March 22
In this imterchamqe ofiqamds between Cationis.
and and anionic spbexes of of difere
different metal
jon Present im compleca
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Cco CNH),] tCr CCN),} and
Cationic aniotc
cotionic anionic
Stability of the co ovdimation Compounds
Q.5 How stability of Cooxdination Compounds
Can be explained in terms of eqilibium
Ans: (i) The stabilityis qovex ned by metal
Liqand interactions.
() In this metalis electon pair Qcceptor
Lewis aid) and ligand is eleCtron
Pair donor Lewis base)
OiD Hence metal - Liqqnd inteyachon s
Lewis qid - Lewis base interactio n.
iy) Stxoncy is the interaction qeatex
is Stability of compicx
y) for
M +n MLn
K
where Ka
sta bility Censtan+
Ligand m: no. of igond
vi)Higher the alue of K 9rcater ts sBobliy
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16
Q.16 Which of thefollowinq Comple have
stabili K=
moYe stability.
(a ) (Ag(cN); S.Sxl8
(b) K= 5.o Xlo33
Ans:
becau5C Complex ((o cNH bave
moYe Value of K as compared to
CAg CCN)J.
a.I7Name the factors govexninq he
equjlibrium consBants of the Complex
Ans:ti) charqe to size yatio of the mctal io
Highex the gatio, greater is the Stability
Cg
(i6) Nature of liqand
Liqands those ave styongcr bascs
form more Stable ComplexeS.
CN" is Strmqer than NH
Valence Bond Theoxy CVBT) .
Q.J8 On the ba_is of V8T CXplain nature
of bondin in follow in4 compleg
Explaim the fomation of Comnplex w th resped
to i) HybridizaHon (i) MagneHc properies
(iü) geomety
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Cis [Ni(ci,)] July 23 March-24
Oxidation state of Ni = t+2
28
NI tAn] 45 3d &
Ni- [A]4s° 3d&
38
4p
(gvound stade)
+2
Ni
SP hybridiza
Magnetic behaviouY - PaxamagneHe
No. of unp aisrd e 2.
geomcty Tetrabedy l
2
CI
N
CI -CI
CI
[Ni CCNT Mavch -a4
Oxidation state of Ni: +2
N
28 2 CAr) 4S 3d8
3d8
Teacher's Sigrature:..
DATE
+2
Ni
C9-5-)
Nit2
[Ni(CN)J
dsp hy byi dization
No. of unpaixed e= Nil
Magnetic property Diamagnetic
geomety Sqyare plan45
-2
CNT
Ni
CN CN
+3 March-|8, July-24
[t[[ Co CNHJ
Oxidation SBate of Co =: t3
27
Co A) 453d
co* [A] 4s°3d
3d
Co+3
cground stade)
Cot3
Co CNH),
dsp3 Hy bridizatlon
Signature: :TÇscher's
inYolved. qre
rbitals becqusc Conmples Spbce outor His
edva. ctah o eomety 9
amagneiC
þroperty Magnetic
4e unpqrrede Noof
h hy
spa
Cot3
(9-5)
Cot3
ud 4P 4s
3d
4s°3d [Av] - Co
+3
3d 4s(Av]
Co
t3 s Co ofState Oxjdation
F,J Co [Liv]
23 15March-
3
NHNH
Co
NH
+3
Octahedrql
magnctic property Magnet
ety ic geom
NiJ
unpajred
c ofNo.
DATE
NO. PAGE
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DATE
20
1+3
F
Co
F F
al4.state limitation of V8T
Ans: (|) It doesmot distinquish between Strong
field and weak field iqands
() I+ does mot explain Colour of complexes
Crystal Field Theoxy (CET)
Q20. \vite a note on crystal field theory.
Ans: Crystal fild TheoYy
he interaction betuween metal iom and igmd
is purely electrosBatic. The Jigands are treated qs
Point charge.
(i) The five d oxbiBals bave same. enexgy ic.
they are degencrate.
( ) When liqamds appvoach metal ion they Cxeate
Crystalfield Cround the netal jom.I£ fied
cYeated is not symmeBrical the degeneracy
is lost.
y) The d orbitals Spit into two Sts
(a) doubly degenerase oxbibals eg
dyy and dz2
(b) iply degenevatc, tg4 0rbitls
(dxy dyz , dz)
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liy ) A Separat on of eneries of too sets of
d oxbitals is the crystal field splitBing Ao
C ofor octahtdral
Lvi) The oo depends on strengh of ligends
The liqands are then Classifed as (9)
Stron fieid ligands (b) weak feld Jigonds
QWhat axe Shronq field and weak feid
liaan ds ? Give one example of each.
Ans da) stonq fied liqande:
L) The liqands wbich cause large splittin of
d are
orbitals are called strom feld ligends
Tn this donor atoms are Cy Nand P
Gi) Thc fayo4Y pairin ofelectons Hen
shonq feld ligands form low Spin Complexes
CN co, NH etc
(5)Weak field liqands
i)The ligands which Casyse Small Splitin of
d ovbiBals are called wCak ffeld liqands
(i) They donot favour paivin of electvons,
Hente weak fld Jiqonds foxm biqh
Spin Complzes
eg F, CI B Ê etc.
NOTE spectrochemical series
Ligands Can be amanged in order of
theix imreasing fldd sthrenqh Qs. This is
Called Spectrochemica seie.
P< Bp< CP < S< F OHO < C,O
<H,0<NCS<EDTA< NH,,<en< CNKC
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Q.22 Daw the crystal fietd Splittinq of d
orbitals im an octahedral Complcc.
Eners Q0000
dxt-y dz
dsy, yz, dxz
Note )In octahedsal Comples metal qtom is
Sunrounded by six igands
Table 9.5 : d orbital diagrams for high spin
r and low spin complexes.
dorbita
electronic
weak herSvong keld
High spin Low spn igord
configuration
do
4 4
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23
Q.23 Draw the crysBal freld Splitinq of dorbitals
in tetrahedyal Complex.
Ans:
Energy
OOO0O
Q24Write a note in colour in Coordination
CompouDds.
OR
TicH,OJ* cample is violeB in Coloux
Explaim.
Ans- () Alarqe no. of Complex Show wide
Yange of Calours due to d-d transition
of electrons.
i) Tbe Complex absorbs the light in on visibe
xeqion and ransmit he light in differnt
visible region givin Complementary Colosr.
(Ii) In Complex [Ti CH,o13
outey e.c of Ti uus 3d
+3
It Contain unpaied e . I+ cndexgo
d-d tansiion
State CreiteStete
DATE
24
iyy Due to d-d tasitton, complex
{TiCHo]*s absorbs 9vcen Colour and
tans mit viole+ Coloyr
A-25 Nxite applications-of Cooxdination
Componds. Oct- 13, Sept - 21
APPLICATIONS OF COORDINATION
COMPOUNDS
(i) In medicine :
(a) Cisplatin is used in the
treatment of cancer.
(b) EDTA is used in the treatment of lead- poisoning
and chelate therapy.
(ii) Biological importance: Coordination compounds
are of great biological importance. e.g.
Chlorophyll in green plants is responsible for
photosynthesis complex of magnesium.
Vitamin B2 complex of cobalt
Haemoglobin complex of iron.
(iii) For estimation of hardness of water: Hardness
on water is due to presence of Ca2® and Mg2 jons.
The ligand EDTA forms stable complex with these
ions and hence can be used to estimate hardness of
water.
(iv) In electroplating: In electroplating of noble metals
like silver and gold, K[Ag(CN),] and K[Au(CN),] is
used as these complexes are stable and dissociate
to small extent. On passing current, these supply
controlled quantity of metal ions.
