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75th Conference
on Glass Problems
75th Conference
on Glass Problems
A Collection of Papers Presented at the
75th Conference on Glass Problems
Greater Columbus Convention Center
Columbus, Ohio
November 3–6, 2014
Edited by
S. K. Sundaram
Copyright © 2015 by The American Ceramic Society. All rights reserved.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
Published simultaneously in Canada.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.
ISBN: 978-1-119-11747-6
ISBN: 978-1-119-11748-3 (special edition)
ISSN: 0196-6219
Printed in the United States of America.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Foreword ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
GLASS MELTING
Effect of Dissolved Water on Physical Properties of Soda-Lime- 3
Silicate Glasses
Udaya K. Vempati and Terence J. Clark
Comparison of SEM/EDX Analysis to Petrographic Techniques for 13
Identifying the Composition of Stones in Glass
Brian Collins, Gary Smay, and Henry Dimmick
FORMING
Multi Gob Weight Production 29
Xu Ding, Jonathan Simon, Angelo Dinitto, and Andreas Helfenstein
Closed Loop Control of Glass Container Forming 37
Jonathan Simon and Andreas Helfenstein
Hard Glass—Commercial Progress of Thermally Strengthened 55
Container Glass
Ken Bratton, Steven Brown, Tim Ringuette, and Dubravko Stuhne
ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
Oxygen Enhanced NOx Reduction (OENR) Technology for Glass 69
Furnaces
J. Pedel, H. Kobayashi, J. de Diego Rincón, U. Iyoha, E. Evenson,
G. Cnossen, and P. Zucca
v
U.S. Air Regulations Involving Glass Manufacturing 85
Steven B. Smith
New Combustion Technique for Reducing NOx and CO2 Emissions 93
from a Glass Furnace
R.S. Pont, N. Fricker, I. Alliat, Y. Agniel, and L. Kaya
Environment and Energy: Flue Gas Treatment and Production of 107
Electrical Power in the Glass Industry
Alessandro Monteforte and Francesco Zatti
OPTIMELT™ Regenerative Thermo-Chemical Heat Recovery for 113
Oxy-Fuel Glass Furnaces
A. Gonzalez, E. Solorzano, C. Lagos, G. Lugo, S. Laux, K.T. Wu, R.L. Bell,
A. Francis, and H. Kobayashi
REFRACTORIES
Wear of Basic Refractories in Glass Tank Regenerators 123
David J. Michael, H. Edward Wolfe, and Laura A. Lowe
Modern and Competitive Regenerator Designs for Glass Industry 143
Sébastien Bourdonnais
SENSORS AND CONTROL
Detection of Early Stage Glass Penetration and Weak Refractory 157
Spots on Furnace Walls
Yakup Bayram, Alexander C. Ruege, Eric K. Walton, Peter Hagan,
Elmer Sperry, Dan Cetnar, Robert Burkholder, Gokhan Mumcu, and
Steve Weiser
Fast and Objective Measurement of Residual Stresses in Glass 165
Henning Katte
Feeder Expert Control System for Improved Containers 177
Fred Aker
MODELING
3-D Transient Non-Isothermal CFD Modeling for Gob Formation 185
Jian Jiao, Oluyinka Bamiro, David Lewis, and Xuelei Zhu
Modeling of Heat Transfer and Gas Flows in Glass Furnace 201
Regenerators
Oscar Verheijen, Andries Habraken, and Heike Gramberg
vi · 75th Conference on Glass Problems
Energy Analysis for Preheating and Modeling of Heat Transfer from 207
Flue Gas to a Granule
Liming Shi, Udaya Vempati, and Sutapa Bhaduri
Laboratory Facilities for Simulation of Essential Process Steps in 223
Industrial Glass Furnaces
Mathi Rongen, Mathieu Hubert, Penny Marson, Stef Lessmann, and
Oscar Verheijen
Heat Transfer in Glass Quenching for Glass Tempering 235
Carlos J. Garciamoreno, David A. Everest, and Arvind Atreya
Author Index 253
75th Conference on Glass Problems · vii
Foreword
The 75th Glass Problem Conference (GPC) is organized by the Kazuo Inamori
School of Engineering, The New York State College of Ceramics, Alfred Universi-
ty, Alfred, NY 14802, and The Glass Manufacturing Industry Council, Westerville,
OH 43082. The Program Director was S. K. Sundaram, Inamori Professor of Mate-
rials Science and Engineering, Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering, The New
York State College of Ceramics, Alfred University, Alfred, NY 14802. The Confer-
ence Director was Robert Weisenburger Lipetz, Executive Director, Glass Manu-
facturing Industry Council, Westerville, OH 43082. The themes and chairs of five
half-day sessions were as follows:
Glass Melting
Glenn Neff, Glass Service, Stuart, FL, Martin Goller, Corning Incorporated,
Corning, NY, and Jans Schep—Owens-Illinois, Inc., Perrysburg, PA
Forming
James Uhlik, Toledo Engineering Company, Inc., Toledo, OH and Kenneth
Bratton, Emhart Glass Research Inc., Windsor, CT
Energy and Environmental
Uyi Iyoha—Praxair Inc., Tonawanda, NY and Warren Curtis, PPG Industries,
Pittsburgh, PA
Refractories
Laura Lowe—North American Refractory Company, Pittsburgh, PA and Larry
McCloskey—Anchor Acquisition, LLC, Lancaster, OH
Sensors and Control
Jans Schep—Owens-Illinois, Inc., Perrysburg, PA and Elmer Sperry, Libbey
Glass, Toledo, OH
Modeling
Bruno Purnode, Owens Corning Composite Solutions, Granville, OH and Andrew
Zamurs, Rio Tinto Minerals, Greenwood, CO
ix
Preface
Currently, we mark the 75th year of the Glass Problems Conference (GPC). In con-
tinuing the tradition that dates back to 1934, this volume is a collection of papers
presented at this historic meeting published as the 2014 edition of the collected pa-
pers. The manuscripts included in this volume are reproduced as furnished by the
presenting authors, but were reviewed prior to the presentation and submission by
the respective session chairs. These chairs are also the members of the GPC Advi-
sory Board. I appreciate all the assistance and support by the Board members. The
American Ceramic Society and myself did minor editing and formatting of these
papers. Neither Alfred University nor GMIC is responsible for the statements and
opinions expressed in this volume.
As the Program Director of the GPC, I enjoy continuing this tradition of serving
the glass industries. I am thankful to all the presenters at the 75th GPC and the au-
thors of these papers. The GPC continues to grow stronger with the support of the
teamwork and audience. I appreciate all the support from the members of the Advi-
sory Board. Their volunteering sprit, generosity, professionalism, and commitment
were critical to the high quality technical program at this Conference. I also appre-
ciate continuing support and leadership from the Conference Director, Mr. Robert
Weisenburger Lipetz, Executive Director of GMIC. I look forward to continuing
our work with the entire team in the future.
S. K. SUNDARAM
Alfred, NY
December 2014
xi
Acknowledgments
It is a great pleasure to acknowledge the dedicated service, advice, and team spirit
of the members of the Glass Problems Conference Advisory Board in planning this
Conference, inviting key speakers, reviewing technical presentations, chairing tech-
nical sessions, and reviewing manuscripts for this publication:
Kenneth Bratton—Emhart Glass Research Inc. Hartford, CT
Warren Curtis—PPG Industries, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA
Martin Goller—Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY
Uyi Iyoha—Praxair Inc., Tonawanda, NY
Robert Lipetz—Glass Manufacturing Industry Council, Westerville, OH
Laura Lowe—North American Refractory Company, Pittsburgh, PA
Larry McCloskey—Anchor Acquisition, LLC, Lancaster, OH
Glenn Neff—Glass Service USA, Inc., Stuart, FL
Bruno Purnode—Owens Corning Composite Solutions, Granville, OH
Jans Schep—Owens-Illinois, Inc., Perrysburg, PA
Elmer Sperry—Libbey Glass, Toledo, OH
Phillip Tucker—Johns Manville, Denver, CO
James Uhlik—Toledo Engineering Co., Inc., Toledo, OH
Andrew Zamurs—Rio Tinto Minerals, Greenwood, CO
xiii
Glass Melting
3
Effect of Dissolved Water on Physical Properties of Soda-Lime-Silicate Glasses
because water is thought
to be the dominant species among dissolved gases in soda-lime-silica glasses
4 · 75th Conference on Glass Problems
Effect of Dissolved Water on Physical Properties of Soda-Lime-Silicate Glasses
75th Conference on Glass Problems · 5
Effect of Dissolved Water on Physical Properties of Soda-Lime-Silicate Glasses
6 · 75th Conference on Glass Problems
Effect of Dissolved Water on Physical Properties of Soda-Lime-Silicate Glasses
75th Conference on Glass Problems · 7
Effect of Dissolved Water on Physical Properties of Soda-Lime-Silicate Glasses
8 · 75th Conference on Glass Problems
Effect of Dissolved Water on Physical Properties of Soda-Lime-Silicate Glasses
75th Conference on Glass Problems · 9
Effect of Dissolved Water on Physical Properties of Soda-Lime-Silicate Glasses
10 · 75th Conference on Glass Problems
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