INTRODUCTION BY BIDISHA (Globalisation refers to the worldwide
phenomenon of technological, economic, political and cultural exchange,
bought by modern communication, transportation and legal infrastructure.
It is a team used to describe how human beings are becoming more
interconnected with each other around the world economically politically and
culturally )
HISTORY OF GLOBALISATION ADRIJA
The silk route which was a network in the Eurasian continenet actives from
the second century BCE was a major route for trade between south east asia
and europe similiarly the incense route whivh connects the mediterranian sea
to the arabiac peninsula also acts in the same way
The age of exploration comes with the discovery of the main lands by foreign
sailors the discovery of india by vasco da gama american mainlainland by
columbus leads to the connection of the unexplored part to the other parts of
the globe it also goes hand in hand with the colonization period where
foreign invaders settle in the other country mainlainland and export goods
and other coustoms to their own and other countries these all things result in
the increased trade which leads to increase in globalisation
Industrial revolution
by the 18th century the worker class of england demanded the use of
machines to reduce the human labour to produce goods which resulted in the
faster way of manufacturing and exporting goods and other services which
henceforth increases the trade between varous countries in terms of fast
goods the increase in the manufacturing process have significantly impacted
the trade and hence globalisation increased also the elstabhlishment of the
global institutions like UN AND IMF intregratedly added up in favour of this
DIGITAL ERA
The upcoming 21st century world is heading towrads digital era exports
imports monitoring goods are all done through digitally the advancement in
the digital sector in transportation made it fast and chepaer which accelerated
globalisation
PLORIFERATION SOUMYARUP
Trade networks :- The spread of globalisation is mainly due to the trade
networks networks like roadways railways and waterways have made a huge
impact to accelerate globalisation
Colonial Expansion :- The formation of different colonies by various foreign
invaders like the British in India Southern Africa Northern America and
Oceania ( Australia and New Zealand) present The French in the North West
Africa and the Portuguese in the Western side of Indinan Subcontinent had
led to the significant increase in terms of trade and commerce and also the
goods exported to various countries and continents which led to the rise in
global economy and increased globalisation
Technological Advancement – innovations like advancements in the trade
routes making them more durable easily accessible and fast service made it
easy for trade and export
IMPACTS AND OUTCOMES BIDISHA
1.Globalization has led to economic growth by connecting economies around
the world. This has made it easier for countries to trade goods and services,
share technology, and invest in each other's markets. As a result, many
businesses have grown, creating more jobs and boosting economies.
However, globalization has also increased inequality. While some people and
companies have benefited greatly, others have been left behind. For example,
workers in some industries may lose jobs to countries where labor is cheaper,
and wealth can become concentrated in the hands of a few. This means that
while overall economies might grow, the benefits are not always shared
equally.
2.Globalization has helped expand global trade and investment by making it
easier for countries to buy and sell goods with each other and to invest across
borders. This has led to more opportunities for businesses and economies to
grow.
However, globalization has also increased disparities. While some people and
countries gain a lot from these opportunities, others may not benefit as much.
For instance, businesses in richer countries often profit more, while workers
in poorer regions might face job losses or lower wages. This creates a bigger
gap between the wealthy and those who are struggling.
3.Globalization has made it easier for people from different cultures to share
their ideas, music, food, and traditions with each other. This has led to a rich
exchange of cultures, where people enjoy and learn from a variety of cultural
influences.
At the same time, globalization has also caused some cultural
homogenization. This means that certain cultural traits, like popular brands
and media, become common everywhere, sometimes leading to a loss of
local traditions and unique cultural identities. So, while we see more cultural
blending, some local cultures might start to look more similar to each other.
4. Globalization has led to increased environmental impact in several ways.
As countries trade more and companies expand globally, there is more
transportation of goods, which increases pollution from ships, trucks, and
planes. The demand for resources like oil, minerals, and timber also rises,
leading to more deforestation and mining, which can harm natural habitats.
Additionally, the growth of industries and production to meet global demand
often results in higher levels of waste and greenhouse gas emissions,
contributing to climate change. While globalization has boosted economies, it
has also put more strain on the environment.
5.Globalization has led to increased resource exploitation because countries
and companies are now trading more and seeking out resources from around
the world. This means more mining, logging, and drilling to get the materials
needed for production.
At the same time, industrial activities have increased as businesses expand
globally. This growth often results in more pollution, as factories and plants
produce more waste and emissions. As a result, air and water pollution has
worsened, and natural resources are being used up faster than they can be
replenished.
