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 Providing Alternative Style Sheets...................................................................................................................................... 90

Practice................................................................................................................................................................................ 92

Unit E: Inserting and Working with Links........................................................................................................................... 101

Understanding Links........................................................................................................................................................ 102

Creating Relative Links..................................................................................................................................................... 104

Creating effective link text

Creating Absolute Links................................................................................................................................................... 106

Understanding mailto links

Styling Links with CSS Pseudo-Classes............................................................................................................................. 108

Implementing descendant selectors

Opening Links in New Windows or Tabs......................................................................................................................... 110

Shortening links

Linking to Anchors........................................................................................................................................................... 112

Linking to anchors in other documents

Creating a Link to a Document........................................................................................................................................ 114

Avoiding confusion in target documents

HTML5 Increasing Navigational Accessibilit y............................................................................................................................... 116

HTML5 Implementing additional semantic elements

Practice.............................................................................................................................................................................. 118

Unit F: Inserting and Working with Images........................................................................................................................ 129

Evaluating Image File Types............................................................................................................................................. 130

Assessing the future of SVG

Inserting Images............................................................................................................................................................... 132

Creating useful alt text

HTML5 Aligning Images................................................................................................................................................................ 134

HTML5 Floating figure elements in IE6

Controlling Page Flow...................................................................................................................................................... 136

Obtaining permission for image use

Inser ting a Background Image.......................................................................................................................................... 138

CSS3 Styling an image with opacity

Associating Images with Related Text.............................................................................................................................. 140

Using Images as Links....................................................................................................................................................... 142

Inserting preformatted code for linked images

Inser ting a Favicon........................................................................................................................................................... 144

Labeling text appropriately

Practice.............................................................................................................................................................................. 146
vi CONTENTS

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Unit G: Organizing Content with Lists and Tables............................................................................................................. 157

Creating an Ordered List.................................................................................................................................................. 158

CSS3 Specifying additional values for list-style-type

Creating an Unordered List.............................................................................................................................................. 160

Specifying custom bullets

HTML5 Creating a Description List............................................................................................................................................... 162

Creating nested lists

Creating a Navigation Bar Using a List............................................................................................................................ 164

Inserting a Table............................................................................................................................................................... 166

Spanning Columns and Rows.......................................................................................................................................... 168

Calculating table columns

Formatting a Table with CSS............................................................................................................................................ 170

CSS3 Applying a Table-Like Structure to Other Elements......................................................................................................... 172

Resisting the temptation to use tables for layout

Practice.............................................................................................................................................................................. 174

Unit H: Implementing Page Layout with HTML and CSS................................................................................................... 185

Assessing the CSS Box Model........................................................................................................................................... 186

Constructing a Multicolumn Layout with Float.............................................................................................................. 188

Adding additional columns

Implementing Relative Positioning.................................................................................................................................. 190

Maintaining accessibility with positioning

Implementing Absolute Positioning................................................................................................................................ 192

Stacking Elements............................................................................................................................................................. 194

Implementing fixed position

Constructing a Multicolumn Layout Using Positioning.................................................................................................. 196

Understanding IE6 and positioning

Creating a Fluid Layout.................................................................................................................................................... 198

Determining page widths

Controlling the Visibility of Elements............................................................................................................................. 200

Practice.............................................................................................................................................................................. 202

Unit I: Applying Advanced CSS Styling............................................................................................................................... 209

CSS3 Assessing Advanced CSS Styles......................................................................................................................................... 210

Working with browser-specific styles

CSS3 Implementing Pseudo-elements....................................................................................................................................... 212

Adding Generated Content.............................................................................................................................................. 214

Contents vii

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 CSS3 Integrating Opacity.......................................................................................................................................................... 216

CSS3 Creating Rounded Corners............................................................................................................................................... 218

CSS3 Creating Text Shadows..................................................................................................................................................... 220

CSS3 Adding Box Shadows........................................................................................................................................................ 222

Testing Browser Capabilities with Modernizr.................................................................................................................. 224

Browser sniffing vs. feature detection

Practice.............................................................................................................................................................................. 226

Unit J: Creating and Processing Web Forms....................................................................................................................... 235

Designing a Form.............................................................................................................................................................. 236

Creating a Form................................................................................................................................................................ 238

HTML5 Creating Text Fields.......................................................................................................................................................... 240

HTML5 Customizing Text Fields................................................................................................................................................... 242

Creating Check Boxes....................................................................................................................................................... 244

Marking fields as required

Creating Option But tons.................................................................................................................................................. 246

HTML5 Implementing selection interfaces

Creating a Drop-Down Menu........................................................................................................................................... 248

Creating option groups

Enabling Form Submission............................................................................................................................................... 250

Practice.............................................................................................................................................................................. 252

Unit K: Incorporating Video and Audio.............................................................................................................................. 263

HTML5 Understanding Web Video and Audio............................................................................................................................. 264

HTML5 Using the video Element.................................................................................................................................................. 266

HTML5 Incorporating the source Element.................................................................................................................................... 268

Encoding video in Web-ready formats

HTML5 Controlling Playback........................................................................................................................................................ 270

Including video from an external site

Adding Video Support for Older Browsers....................................................................................................................... 272

HTML5 Providing a Fallback Image............................................................................................................................................... 274

HTML5 Making videos accessible

HTML5 Implementing the audio Element.................................................................................................................................... 276

Adding Audio Support for Older Browsers....................................................................................................................... 278

Evaluating the advantages and drawbacks of Flash

Practice.............................................................................................................................................................................. 280

viii CONTENTS

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Unit L: Programming Web Pages with JavaScript............................................................................................................... 289

Exploring the Document Object Model........................................................................................................................... 290

Adding Content Using a Script........................................................................................................................................ 292

Preserving accessibility for users agents that don’t support scripting

Triggering a Script Using an Event Handler..................................................................................................................... 294

Creating a Function.......................................................................................................................................................... 296

Implementing jQuery and other libraries

Storing and Comparing Data in Variables....................................................................................................................... 298

Generating Web Page Content Dynamically................................................................................................................... 300

Including quotes in generated text

Scripting Fallback Options with Modernizr..................................................................................................................... 302

HTML5 Scripting the canvas element

Integrating an Existing Script........................................................................................................................................... 304

Debugging a script

Practice.............................................................................................................................................................................. 306

Unit M: Integrating Social Media Tools.............................................................................................................................. 315

Understanding Social Media............................................................................................................................................ 316

Integrating a Facebook Account with a Web Site............................................................................................................. 318

Choosing an appropriate social networking site for your audience

Integrating a Twit ter Account Feed.................................................................................................................................. 320

Obtaining code for widgets

Adding a Twit ter Hash Tag Feed....................................................................................................................................... 322

Par ticipating in Social Bookmarking................................................................................................................................ 324

Creating a Blog................................................................................................................................................................. 326

Integrating a blog into your Web site

Embedding a YouTube Video............................................................................................................................................ 328

Linking to an RSS Feed..................................................................................................................................................... 330

Adding links for specific news readers

Practice.............................................................................................................................................................................. 332

Unit N: Optimizing Your Web Site for Search Engines....................................................................................................... 339

Understanding Search Engine Optimization (SEO)......................................................................................................... 340

Recognizing the limits of SEO techniques

Writing Indexable Content.............................................................................................................................................. 342

Adding a Description with the meta Element.................................................................................................................. 344

Adding keywords with the meta element

Contents ix

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 HTML5 Incorporating Microdata.................................................................................................................................................. 346

Using RDFa and microformats

Creating a Sitemap File..................................................................................................................................................... 348

Creating an XML Sitemap file

Creating a robots.txt File.................................................................................................................................................. 350

Excluding pages from indexing with the noindex meta element

Previewing and Finalizing Your Site................................................................................................................................. 352

Submit ting Your Site......................................................................................................................................................... 354

Practice.............................................................................................................................................................................. 356

Unit O: Adapting Your Web Site for Mobile Devices.......................................................................................................... 363

Evaluating Design for Mobile Devices.............................................................................................................................. 364

How touchscreen devices interpret touches

CSS3 Applying @media Rules.................................................................................................................................................... 366

CSS3 Implementing Conditional Style Sheets.......................................................................................................................... 368

Implementing style sheets for other types of displays

Creating a Mobile-Specific Layout................................................................................................................................... 370

Planning compatibility for mobile Web pages

Decreasing Page Load Time.............................................................................................................................................. 372

Testing Web page load time

Incorporating Sprites........................................................................................................................................................ 374

Compressing and resizing images

HTML5 Implementing Geolocation.............................................................................................................................................. 376

Displaying maps based on geolocation data

Optimizing a Mobile Site for Search Engines................................................................................................................... 378

Avoiding the appearance of cloaking

Practice.............................................................................................................................................................................. 380

Unit P: Testing and Finalizing Your Web Site...................................................................................................................... 389

Preparing to Go Live With Your Web Site........................................................................................................................ 390

Using HTML and CSS Debugging Tools........................................................................................................................... 392

Planning Usability Tests................................................................................................................................................... 394

Performing usability tests

Performing Browser Tests................................................................................................................................................. 396

Using automated test suites

Measuring Performance and Modeling Changes............................................................................................................. 398

x CONTENTS

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 Removing Unused Styles.................................................................................................................................................. 400

Using tools to identify orphaned styles

Tidying Your HTML.......................................................................................................................................................... 402

Tidying your CSS

Publishing with a Domain Name..................................................................................................................................... 404

Choosing domain service providers

Practice.............................................................................................................................................................................. 406

Appendix A: HTML Elements............................................................................................................................................... 413

Appendix B: CSS Properties................................................................................................................................................. 417
Glossary..................................................................................................................................................................... Glossary 1
Index.............................................................................................................................................................................. Index 5

Contents xi

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Preface
Welcome to HTML5 and CSS3—Illustrated
Complete, First Edition. If this is your first
experience with the Illustrated series, you’ll
see that this book has a unique design: each A case scenario moti-
skill is presented on two facing pages, with Each two-page spread Introduction briefly explains why vates the the steps and
steps on the left and screens on the right. focuses on a single skill. the lesson skill is important. puts learning in context.
The layout makes it easy to learn a skill
without having to read a lot of text and flip
pages to see an illustration.

This book is an ideal learning tool for a wide

range of learners—the “rookies” will find the
clean design easy to follow and focused with
only essential information presented, and the
“hotshots” will appreciate being able to move
quickly through the lessons to find the informa-
tion they need without reading a lot of text.
The design also makes this a great reference
after the course is over! See the illustration on
the right to learn more about the pedagogical
and design elements of a typical lesson.

About This Book

This is a brand new book in the Illustrated
Series—this is not a revision of HTML
Illustrated, Third Edition by Cox, Reding and
Wermers. This book takes a new, fresh
approach to teaching HTML5 and CSS3 to
develop Web pages and Web sites. Users
learn to write and interpret HTML and CSS
code using no more than a basic text editor
and a browser. Encouraging users to see Web
development as team process, sample proj-
ects include professionally-designed layouts
and Web-ready text, allowing users to focus
on building the skills needed to combine
these elements into Web pages and Web Tips and troubleshooting
advice, right where you need
sites. All code is tested on several widely-used
it–next to the step itself.
browsers, and all steps can be completed by
Windows or Mac users. In addition to basic
HTML elements, units cover and incorporate
new HTML5 semantic elements. CSS cover-
age includes downloadable fonts, multicol-
umn and fluid layouts, and semantically
accurate table layouts using only CSS.

xii

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Assignments
The lessons use Lakeland Reeds Bed and
Breakfast, a fictional company, as the case
study. The assignments on the light yellow
pages at the end of each unit increase in
difficulty. Assignments include:
Large screen shots keep
students on track as Brightly colored tabs indicate which • Concepts Review consist of multiple
they complete steps. section of the book you are in. choice, matching, and screen
identification questions.
• Skills Reviews are hands-on, step-by-step
exercises that review the skills covered in
each lesson in the unit.
• Independent Challenges are case
projects requiring critical thinking and
application of the unit skills. The
Independent Challenges increase in
difficulty, with the first one in each unit
being the easiest. Independent
Challenges 2 and 3 become increasingly
open-ended, requiring more
independent problem solving.
• Real Life Independent Challenges are
practical exercises in which students
create documents to help them with
their every day lives.
• Advanced Challenge Exercises set within
the Independent Challenges provide
optional steps for more advanced
students.
• Visual Workshops are practical, self-
graded capstone projects that require
independent problem solving.

Tables provide helpful sum- Clues to Use boxes provide

maries of key terms, buttons, useful information related to
or keyboard shortcuts. the lesson skill.

xiii

Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Instructor Resources
The Instructor Resources CD is Course Technology’s way of putting the resources and information needed to teach and learn effectively
into your hands. With an integrated array of teaching and learning tools that offer you and your students a broad range of technology-
based instructional options, we believe this CD represents the highest quality and most cutting edge resources available to instructors
today. The resources available with this book are:

• Instructor’s Manual—Available as an electronic file, the • Data Files for Students—To complete most of the units in
Instructor’s Manual includes detailed lecture topics with teaching this book, your students will need Data Files. You can post the
tips for each unit. Data Files on a file server for students to copy. The Data Files are
• Sample Syllabus—Prepare and customize your course easily available on the Instructor Resources CD-ROM, the Review Pack,
using this sample course outline. and can also be downloaded from cengagebrain.com. For more
information on how to download the Data Files, see page xvi.
• PowerPoint Presentations—Each unit has a corresponding
PowerPoint presentation that you can use in lecture, distribute to Instruct students to use the Data Files List included on the Review
your students, or customize to suit your course. Pack and the Instructor Resources CD. This list gives instructions
on copying and organizing files.
• Figure Files—The figures in the text are provided on the
Instructor Resources CD to help you illustrate key topics or con- • ExamView—ExamView is a powerful testing software pack-
cepts. You can create traditional overhead transparencies by age that allows you to create and administer printed, computer
printing the figure files. Or you can create electronic slide shows (LAN-based), and Internet exams. ExamView includes hundreds
by using the figures in a presentation program such as of questions that correspond to the topics covered in this text,
PowerPoint. enabling students to generate detailed study guides that include
page references for further review. The computer-based and
• Solutions to Exercises—Solutions to Exercises contains every
Internet testing components allow students to take exams at
file students are asked to create or modify in the lessons and end-
their computers, and also saves you time by grading each exam
of-unit material. Also provided in this section, there is a document
automatically.
outlining the solutions for the end-of-unit Concepts Review, Skills
Review, and Independent Challenges. An Annotated Solution File
and Grading Rubric accompany each file and can be used together
for quick and easy grading.

xiv

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Acknowledgements
Reviewers
Thank you to the reviewers who provided opinions and guided decisions during the creation of this book. They are as follows:
Dan Fergus, Brown College MaryAnn Kelly, Abby Kelley Foster Charter Public School
Hazel Freeman, The University of Alabama Jonathan Meersman, Milwaukee Area Technical College
David Harden, Santa Rosa Junior College Colleen Meyer, Cincinnati State Technical and Community College
Sherry Hopkins, Anne Arundel Community College

Special Thanks
We are grateful to Jonathan Meersman, professor at Milwaukee Area Technical College, who provided the vision, inspiration, and initial
impetus for creating this book.

Author Acknowledgements
Sasha Vodnik Creating this book has truly been a team effort. Thanks to the many people who helped shape and strengthen what I’ve
written: Marj Hopper, whose feedback and guidance strongly influenced the final content of every page; Christina Kling-Garrett, who kept
us focused and on schedule; John Freitas, Jeff Schwartz, Danielle Shaw, Ashlee Welz Smith, and Susan Whalen, whose careful reviews and
thoughtful comments on each chapter removed many roadblocks for future users; Brandi Shailer, who set us on all on the path toward
creating this book together; Matthew Hutchinson and the folks at GEX, Inc., who carefully transformed my words and pictures into usable,
attractive layouts; John McKelvy, who created all the Web page layouts on which the sites created in this book are based; Ben Draisin, who
imparted some of his insight into the finer points of JavaScript; and Anca Mosoiu, who shared her expertise in and passion for social media
with me. Additional thanks go to my husband, Jason Bucy, who’s helped me stay happy, healthy, and connected to life outside of HTML
and CSS while I worked on this book.

Credits
All Web sites created in this book are based on designs by John McKelvy (www.mackjackstudio.com).

The images shown in some figures are used by permission from the following sources:
Elena Elisseeva/Shutterstock.com Jim Gitzlaff/Shutterstock.com
Ron Rowan Photography/Shutterstock.com Maxim Tupikov/Shutterstock.com
Regien Paassen/Shutterstock.com 9507848116/Shutterstock.com
Unholy Vault Designs/Shutterstock.com Lario Tus/Shutterstock.com
somchaij/Shutterstock.com Jason Bucy
Weldon Schloneger/Shutterstock.com Faithe Wempen/sycamoreknoll.com
Jessica Bethke/Shutterstock.com

xv

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Read This Before You Begin
Frequently Asked Questions

What are Data Files?

A Data File is a partially completed file that you use to complete the steps in the units and exercises to create the final document that
you submit to your instructor. Each unit opener page lists the Data Files that you need for that unit.

Where are the Data Files?

Your instructor will provide the Data Files to you or direct you to a location on a network drive from which you can download them.
For information on how to download the Data Files from cengagebrain.com, see the inside back cover.

What software was used to write and test this book?

This book was written and tested using Notepad on a computer with a typical installation of Microsoft Windows 7 Home, and TextEdit
on a computer with a typical installation of Macintosh OS 10.6. All Web pages were tested on the most recent versions of Firefox,
Chrome, and Safari for Windows and Mac, as well as Internet Explorer 9, 8, 7, and 6 for Windows. Where Internet Explorer 6 provides
quirky results, the text explains the issues and provides suggestions for further research and troubleshooting. File uploading instructions
were written and tested using FileZilla on both Windows and Mac.

Do I need to be connected to the Internet to complete the steps and exercises in this book?
Some of the exercises in this book require that your computer be connected to the Internet. If you are not connected to the Internet,
see your instructor for information on how to complete the exercises.

What do I do if my screen is different from the figures shown in this book?

This book was written and tested on computers with monitors set at a resolution of 1024  768. If your screen shows more or less
information than the figures in the book, your monitor is probably set at a higher or lower resolution. If you don't see something on
your screen, you might have to scroll down or up to see the object identified in the figures.

Learning on the Go. Always Available…Always Relevant.

Our fast-paced world is driven by technology. You know because you are an active participant—always on the go,
always keeping up with technological trends, and always learning new ways to embrace technology to power your
life. Let CourseCasts, hosted by Ken Baldauf of Florida State University, be your guide into weekly updates in this
ever-changing space. These timely, relevant podcasts are produced weekly and are available for download at
http://coursecasts.course.com or directly from iTunes (search by CourseCasts). CourseCasts are a perfect solution
to getting students (and even instructors) to learn on the go!

xvi

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 Preparing to Create
UNIT

A
HTML5 and CSS3

a Web Site
Files You People and organizations around the world share information using the World Wide Web,
Will Need: or Web for short. You can make your own information available on the Web by creating Web
To view a list of files pages, which are documents formatted to be accessible on the Web, and then publishing
needed for this
unit, see the Data them as Web sites, which are available to anyone with Web access. Many options are avail-
Files Grid in the
back of the book. able for creating Web pages, but no matter which method you use, the first step involves a
thoughtful planning process. You have just been hired as a Web design intern by Great
Northern Web Solutions. For your first project, the art director, Faduma Egal, has assigned
you to create a new Web site for Lakeland Reeds Bed & Breakfast, one of Great Northern’s
clients. Before you start writing Lakeland’s Web pages, you’ll begin your work by creating a
plan for the Web site, setting up a structure for the client’s files, and considering the impact
of usability, accessibility, and browser compatibility on the pages you’ll be creating.

OBJECTIVES Assemble a project plan

Create a storyboard
Implement Web accessibility standards
Evaluate Web site usability
Manage Web browser compatibility issues
Practice good file management
Configure your FTP client
Upload Web site files

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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 UNIT

A
HTML5 and CSS3
Assembling a Project Plan
Whether you intend to make a single Web page or a large set of interrelated pages available, making infor-
mation accessible on the Web starts with careful planning. This critical first step involves identifying the
goals and objectives, as well as the target audience, of the Web site. Whether you’re brainstorming for a
personal site or meeting with a client regarding a site you’ve been hired to create, you sum up your work in
this first step with a project plan, which is also known as a design document. You hold a planning
meeting with Philip Blaine, owner of Lakeland Reeds B&B, to discuss the components he would like included
in his new Web site. Figure A-1 shows the project plan you develop based on this meeting.
DETAILS
Important topics to consider in Web site planning include:
• Identifying Web site goals and objectives
You want to ask a client a variety of questions to help understand goals and objectives for the site. For exam-
ple, “What is the mission of the organization? Why do you want a Web site? What are the short-term goals of
the Web site? What are the long-term goals of the Web site? What do you hope to gain by having a Web pres-
ence? Who is your target audience? Do your objectives support the needs of your target audience?” The more
thorough you are in asking questions of the client, the better prepared you will be to design the Web site.
• Identifying the target audience
It can be helpful to know the target audience for a Web site when choosing a layout and design. Web sites
should look different based upon who will be visiting the site and why they are interested in the content.
Some potential questions to ask about the target audience might be, “Who are the typical members of your
audience? What is the mix of genders? What is the age range? What professions are they in? What is the aver-
age education level? Why will people visit this Web site? Will your visitors be using Microsoft Windows,
Apple OS X, or another operating system? What size monitors are most common, and at what resolution will
the site be viewed? Which Web browsers will they use to view the Web site?” While your client may not have
ready answers to all of these questions, getting even a few answers can help prepare you for the design phase.
QUICK TIP • Identifying the type of Web site
Listing exclusions in Identifying the type of Web site the owner wants can help to focus the scope of the project. A Web site usually
the project plan will
help reduce the has one of a small number of main functions: a Web presence serving as an online informational brochure;
potential for scope providing important information for special interest groups and nonprofit organizations; showcasing exam-
creep, which is the ples of different types of works and designs commonly used by Web design individuals and agencies; provid-
expansion of a proj-
ect beyond the orig- ing multiple levels of information with page templates; extracting information from databases; or conducting
inal goals and the sale of products or services and other business transactions through the Internet. It is important to clearly
objectives. define what the site will include, as well as what the site won’t include.
• Developing a budget
Every Web site design project should include a budget that is presented to the client prior to completing any
work. The budget should be included in the project plan, which becomes part of the contract.
• Creating a timeline
You should always provide the Web site owner with a timeline that includes the delivery date of the final Web
site, along with various implementation milestones along the way. The timeline should always identify who
is responsible for which tasks.

2 Preparing to Create a Web Site

Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 FIGURE A-1: Lakeland Reeds Bed and Breakfast project plan

HTML5 and CSS3

Deciding how much to charge

Estimating the amount of time a project will take can be difficult, advertising, and other expenses. There really is no set hourly or proj-
especially for new Web designers. If you work for a Web design ect fee in this industry, as it varies dramatically depending upon the
agency, the budget will typically be developed by your supervisors. If geographic market, competition, and experience level of the Web
you are a freelance Web designer, you must place a value on your designer. New Web designers often barter, or trade, their skills for
time that takes many things into consideration, such as the cost of products or services offered by a Web site owner as a means of build-
computer equipment and software, supplying your own insurance, ing a portfolio.

Preparing to Create a Web Site 3

Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 UNIT

A
HTML5 and CSS3
Creating a Storyboard
When you create a Web page or a Web site, it can be helpful to start by getting a clear idea of what you’re
trying to build. Web designers typically accomplish this by creating a storyboard, which is a sketch that
outlines the components of each Web page and their places in the layout, as well as the links between the
pages in a Web site. On a Web design team, often people responsible for art or design create the storyboard
and hand it off to the developers to make into a Web page or Web site. You work with Karl Dixon,
one of your colleagues in the art department, to create a storyboard for the Lakeland Reeds Web site based
on the project plan you developed.
DETAILS
Storyboarding a Web site involves a few main steps:
• Identify components to include
Before you start sketching, it’s important to get a firm handle on all the elements that the Web site you’re
working on must include. A good place to start is your project plan, which should include a thorough inven-
tory of items that must be part of the Web site; for instance, an existing logo and color scheme that a client
already uses in all of their printed materials. You should augment this list with any other essential design ele-
ments based on your understanding of the site’s target audience and functionality; for example, most multi-
page Web sites need a standardized navigation section that provides links to each of the pages.
QUICK TIP • Sketch possible layouts and then select one
Many common Web
The next step is to place the elements in a layout that’s functional, usable, and, ideally, aesthetically pleasing.
page designs use
columns that are This step is often the job of a graphic designer; however, it’s a skill that many Web developers without artistic
about a third of the backgrounds have built with study and practice. Whoever does this step, it often involves a series of sketches
width of the page that either lay out a set of choices or progressively fine-tune a theme. For a simple Web site, a single layout
to approximate
traditional aesthetic should suffice for all the site’s pages; however, if some pages have requirements that are best served by distinct
proportions. layouts, these layouts need to be finalized in this step as well. Figure A-2 shows the layout for the pages of the
Lakeland Reeds Web site.
• Map the relationships between Web pages
Any time you’re creating a Web site or a single Web page with links to other Web sites, it’s helpful to map out
the relationships between pages. This map is a crucial tool when you create the navigation system for the Web
site. Figure A-3 lists the pages of the Lakeland Reeds Web site and illustrates the relationships between them,
as well as links to external pages.

4 Preparing to Create a Web Site

Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
 FIGURE A-2: Lakeland Reeds main Web page sketch

Lakeland Reeds Bed and Breakfast

business description

contact information

FIGURE A-3: Lakeland Reeds Web site relationships sketch

main page

About us Photo Contact us Online Local Feedback Map &

gallery reservations weather and ratings directions

pages all linked to each other and to main page external sites

HTML5 and CSS3

Creating a Web site from a template

An alternative to creating a layout for your Web site is to download a simply replace the placeholder items with elements specific to the
template, which is a generic layout that includes a color scheme and Web site being developed. While a template is not as specifically tai-
element positions, but which uses placeholder images and text. lored to the companies or topics of the Web sites where it is used, it
Some templates are available to download and use for free, while can save time in the Web development process and can be an
others must be purchased from the designer. A Web developer can invaluable tool when a site needs to be up right away.

Preparing to Create a Web Site 5

Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
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