Major Courses: Second Year

Periods Scheme of Examination

per week and Marks Credits:
Course Code Name of Course PRE L+ T+
End
L T P Mid Total (P/2)
TA Sem.
Sem.
CHE24-B-MJ201 Inorganic Chemistry- I 3 0 0 15 15 70 100 3

Course Description:
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the fundamental concepts in inorganic chemistry,
covering the principles of chemical bonding, properties of s- and p-block elements, and theoretical
foundations of qualitative analysis. Through comprehensive study and application of these principles,
students will gain a profound understanding of the behavior and characteristics of various inorganic
compounds.

Course Outcomes (CO)

Students will be able to
CO1 Explain the characteristics of ionic bonding, Born-Haber cycle, and apply Fajan’s rules in
analyzing polarizing power and polarizability
CO2 Describe the properties and uses of hydrogen isotopes and differentiate between various
types of hydrides, as well as compounds of alkali and alkaline earth metals.
CO3 Discuss the general characteristics and structures of Boron, Carbon, and Nitrogen group
elements and chemistry of their significant compounds
CO4 Identify the properties, allotropy, oxides, halides, oxyhalides, and oxyacids of oxygen and
sulfur, and the chemistry of halogen and noble gas compounds.
CO5 Understand and apply the principles of cation and anion analysis, solubility products,
common ion effect, and the separation of cations into groups.

Unit 1
Chemical Bonding II: General characteristics of ionic bonding. Born-Haber cycle and its
applications, polarizing power and polarizability. Fajan’s rules, MO diagrams of H 2, Li2, Be2, B2, C2,
N2, O2, F2, and their ions wherever possible; Heteronuclear molecular orbitals: CO, NO, NO +, CN-,
CO2 and H2O.
Metallic Bond: valence bond and band theories. Semiconductors and insulators, defects in solids.
Weak Chemical Forces: Hydrogen bonding (theories of hydrogen bonding, valence bond treatment.
Effects of chemical force, melting and boiling points.

Unit 2
Chemistry of s-block elements: Hydrogen isotopes, ortho- and para-hydrogens. Hydrides: ionic,
covalent, metallic and interstitial hydrides, Alkali metals: halides, oxides and hydroxides, salts of oxo-
acids, organometallic compounds. Alkaline Earth metals: halides, oxides and hydroxides, salts of oxo-
acids, complexes and organometallic compounds.
Unit 3
Chemistry of p-block elements– I (Boron, Carbon and Nitrogen group): General characteristics
of Boron group elements- Diagonal relationship between B and Si. Hydrides of Boron – preparation,
properties and structure of Diborane. Boron Nitride, Borazine and Boric acid.
a) General characteristics of carbon group elements– Allotropy of carbon, structure of Diamond and
Graphite, catenation, fullerenes and carbides.
b) General characteristics of Nitrogen group elements. Allotropy of phosphorus, oxides and Acids of
Nitrogen & Phosphorus. Preparation and Structure and uses of Hydrazine, Hydrazoic acid and
Hydroxylamine.

Unit 4
Chemistry of p-Block elements– II (Oxygen, Halogens and Noble gases): General characteristics
of Oxygen group. Allotropy of sulphur - oxides, halides, oxyhalides of sulphur, Oxyacids of sulphur.
a) General characteristics of halogen group elements, Oxides and oxoacids of halogens, Relative
strength of oxo acids of the halogens, inter halogen compounds, Pseudo halogens.
b) Chemistry of noble gases- Occurrence, Physical properties of noble gases, flurides, oxyflurides
and oxides of xenon (preparation, properties and structure). Applications of noble gases.

Unit 5
Theoretical principles of inorganic qualitative analysis: Basic principles involved in analysis of
cations and anions and solubility products, common ion effect. Principle involved in separation of
cations into groups and choice of group reagents. Interfering anions (fluoride, borate, oxalate and
phosphate) and need to remove them after Group II.

Textbook/ Reference Books:

1. Lee, J.D.; (2010), Concise Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley India.
2. Huheey, J.E.; Keiter, E.A.; Keiter; R. L.; Medhi, O.K. (2009), Inorganic Chemistry- Principles of
Structure and Reactivity, Pearson Education.
3. Douglas, B.E.; McDaniel, D.H.; Alexander, J.J. (1994), Concepts and Models of Inorganic
Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons.
4. Atkins, P.W.; Overton, T.L.; Rourke, J.P.; Weller, M.T.; Armstrong, F.A. (2010), Shriver and
Atkins Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Edition, Oxford University Press.
5. Miessler, G.L.; Fischer P.J.; Tarr, D. A. (2014), Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Edition, Pearson.

CO- PO & PSO Correlation

Course Name: Inorganic Chemistry- I
Program Outcome PSOs
Course
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6
Outcomes
CO1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2
CO2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1
CO3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1
CO4 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
CO5 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1
Note: 1: Low 2: Moderate 3: High.
 Programme : M.Sc. Semester : 1st
Name of the Course: Physical Chemistry I Course Code: MCH 1103
Credits : 4 No of Hours : 4
Max Marks: 100

COURSE OUTCOMES:
Semester: I Physical Chemistry-I [MCH 1103]
Students will be able to
CO1 Identify thermodynamics property of any system to apply it for various systems
CO2 Acquire the knowledge of partial molar properties and standard state of gas.
CO3 Get knowledge about electrolyte and nonelectrolyte.
CO4 Understand thermodynamic functions for mixing of perfect gases, roults law.
CO5 Get knowledge about various aspects of statistical thermodynamics

Syllabus:
Unit 1: Thermodynamics
Concepts involved in first, second and third law of thermodynamic, Helmholtz and Gibbs
Energies, Maxwell relations, equilibrium constant, temperature-dependence of equilibrium
constant, Van't Hoff equation.
Unit 2: Partial Molar Properties and Fugacity
Partial molar properties. Chemical potential of a perfect gas, dependence of chemical
potential on temperature and pressure, Gibbs- Duhem equation, real gases, fugacity, its
importance and determination, standard state for gases.

Unit 3: Solid-Liquid Solutions: Solutions of nonelectrolytes and electrolytes. Colligative

properties of solutions, such as osmotic pressure, depression of the freezing point and
elevation of the boiling point.

Unit 4: Thermodynamics of Simple Mixtures

Thermodynamic functions for mixing of perfect gases. chemical potential of liquids. raoult’s
law, thermodynamic functions for mixing of liquids (ideal solutions only). Real solutions and
activities. Clausius-clapeyron equation and its application to solid-liquid, liquid-vapour and
solid-vapour equilibria.

Unit 5: Statistical Thermodynamics

Thermodynamic probability and entropy, maxwell-boltzmann, bose-einstein and fermi-dirac
statistics. partition function, molar partition function, thermodynamic properties in term of
molecular partition function for diatomic molecules, monoatomic gases, rotational,
translational, vibrational and electronic partition functions for diatomic molecules,
calculation of equilibrium constants in term of partition function. monoatomic solids, theories
of specific heat for solids.
Book Suggested:
1. Barrow, G. M. Physical Chemistry, 5th Edition, 2007, Tata McGraw-Hill.
2. Kapoor, K. L. Text Book of Physical Chemistry, Volume 2-3,5, 5 th/3rd Edition, 2011,
Macmillan.
3. Atkins, P. and De Paula, J. Atkins’ Physical Chemistry. 9th Edition, 2009, Oxford
University Press.
4. McQuarrie, D. A. and Simon, J. D. Physical Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 1 st
edition, 1998, Viva Books.
5. Moore, J. W. and Pearson, R. G. Kinetics and Mechanism, 3 rd edition, 1981, John
Wiley and Sons.
6. Silbey, R. J. Alberty, R. A. and Bawendi, M. G. Physical Chemistry, 4 th Edition,
2004, Wiley-Interscience Publication.
7. Engel, T., Reid, P. and Hehre, W. Physical Chemistry, 3 rd Edition, 2012, Pearson
Education.
8. Puri, B.R., Sharma L.R. and Pathania, M.S. Principles of Physical Chemistry, 46th
Edition, 2013, Vishal Publishing Company.
9. Rastogi, R. P. and Mishra, R. R. An Introduction to Chemical Thermodynamics 6 th
edition, 2013, Vikas Publishing
10. Rajaram, J. and Kuriacose, J. C. Chemical Thermodynamics, Classical, Statistical and
Irreversible Thermodynamics, 2013, Pearson Education.
11. Laurendeau N. M. Statistical Thermodynamics: Fundamentals and Applications,
2005, Cambridge University Press.
12. Nash, L. K. Elements of Statistical Thermodynamics, 2 nd Edition, 2012, Dover
Publication Inc.
13. Hill, T. L. An Introduction to Statistical Thermodynamics, 1986, Dover Publications
Inc.
CO-PO & PSO Correlation
Course Name: Physical Chemistry-I [MCH 1103]
PO PSO
CO
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4
CO 1 1 3
CO 2 2 2
CO 3 1 1 2 1
CO 4 1 1 1 1 1
CO 5 1 1 2 2
Note: 1: Low 2.: Moderate 3: High
 Programme : B.Sc. (Honors) Semester : VI
Name of the DSE II: Polymer Chemistry Course Code: SOS-B-CH504 (ii)
Course:
Credits : 6 No of Hours : 8 Hrs./week
Max Marks: 150

Course Description:
This is an introductory level course in polymer chemistry. The aim of the course is to
introduce the theory and applications of polymer chemistry to the students. Some industrially
important polymers and conducting polymers, a promising class of polymeric materials for
next generation devices will also be introduced in this course.

Course Outcomes (CO)

Students will be able to
CO 1 Understand the fundamentals and classifications of polymers and their basic
properties
CO 2 Understand preparation, functionality, structure and properties of some industrially
important and technologically promising polymers
CO 3 Understand the kinetics of polymerization, molecular weight determination of
polymers and polymer solutions
CO 4 Understand the crystallinity, physical, thermal and mechanical properties of
copolymers and conducting polymers
CO 5 Determine the characterization, preparation, purification and analysis of polymers.

Syllabus
Unit I
Introduction and history of polymeric materials:
 Different schemes of classification of polymers, Polymer nomenclature, Molecular forces
and chemical bonding in polymers, Texture of Polymers.

Unit II
Functionality and its importance:
 Criteria for synthetic polymer formation, classification of polymerization processes,
Relationships between functionality, extent of reaction and degree of polymerization. Bi-
functional systems, Poly-functional systems.

Unit III
Kinetics of Polymerization:
 Mechanism and kinetics of step growth, radical chain growth, ionic chain (both cationic
and anionic) and coordination polymerizations, Mechanism and kinetics of
copolymerization, polymerization techniques.

Unit IV
Crystallization and crystallinity:
 Determination of crystalline melting point and degree of crystallinity, Morphology of
 crystalline polymers, Factors affecting crystalline melting point.
 Nature and structure of polymers-Structure Property relationships.
 Determination of molecular weight of polymers (Mn, Mw, etc) by end group analysis,
viscometry, light scattering and osmotic pressure methods. Molecular weight distribution
and its significance.
 Polydispersity index.
 Glass transition temperature (Tg) and determination of Tg, Free volume theory, WLF
equation, Factors affecting glass transition temperature (Tg).
 Polymer Solution – Criteria for polymer solubility, Solubility parameter,
Thermodynamics of polymer solutions, entropy, enthalpy, and free energy change of
mixing of polymers solutions, Flory- Huggins theory, Lower and Upper critical solution
temperatures.

Unit V
Properties of Polymers (Physical, thermal, Flow & Mechanical Properties).
 Brief introduction to preparation, structure, properties and application of the following
polymers: polyolefins, polystyrene and styrene copolymers, poly(vinyl chloride) and
related polymers, poly(vinyl acetate) and related polymers, acrylic polymers, fluoro
polymers, polyamides and related polymers. Phenol formaldehyde resins (Bakelite,
Novalac), polyurethanes, silicone polymers, polydienes,
 Polycarbonates, Conducting Polymers, [polyacetylene, polyaniline, poly(p-phenylene
sulphide polypyrrole, polythiophene)].

Reference Books:
1. Seymour’s Polymer Chemistry, Marcel Dekker, Inc.
2. G. Odian: Principles of Polymerization, John Wiley.
3. F.W. Billmeyer: Text Book of Polymer Science, John Wiley.
4. P. Ghosh: Polymer Science & Technology, Tata Mcgraw-Hill.
5. R.W. Lenz: Organic Chemistry of Synthetic High Polymers.

POLYMER CHEMISTRY LAB

Polymer synthesis
 Free radical solution polymerization of styrene (St) / Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) /
Methyl Acrylate (MA) / Acrylic acid (AA).

Purification of monomer
 Polymerization using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) / 2,2’-azo-bis-isobutylonitrile (AIBN)
 Preparation of nylon 66/6

 Interfacial polymerization, preparation of polyester from isophthaloyl chloride (IPC)

and phenolphthalein

Preparation of IPC
 Purification of IPC
 Interfacial polymerization
 Redox polymerization of acrylamide
 Precipitation polymerization of acrylonitrile
 Preparation of urea-formaldehyde resin
 Preparations of novalac resin/resold resin.
 Microscale Emulsion Polymerization of Poly(methylacrylate).
Polymer characterization
 Determination of molecular weight by viscometry:
 Polyacrylamide-aq.NaNO2 solution(Poly vinyl proplylidine (PVP) in water
 Determination of the viscosity-average molecular weight of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH)
and the fraction of “head-to-head” monomer linkages in the polymer.
 Determination of molecular weight by end group analysis: Polyethylene glycol (PEG)
(OH group).
 Testing of mechanical properties of polymers.
 Determination of hydroxyl number of a polymer using colorimetric method.

Polymer analysis
 Estimation of the amount of HCHO in the given solution by sodium sulphite method
 Instrumental Techniques
 IR studies of polymers
 DSC analysis of polymers
 Preparation of polyacrylamide and its electrophoresis
*at least 7 experiments to be carried out.

Reference Books:
1. Malcohm P. Stevens, Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction, 3rd Ed.
2. Harry R. Allcock, Frederick W. Lampe and James E. Mark, Contemporary Polymer
Chemistry, 3rd ed. Prentice-Hall (2003)
3. Fred W. Billmeyer, Textbook of Polymer Science, 3rd ed. Wiley-Interscience (1984)
4. Joel R. Fried, Polymer Science and Technology, 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall (2003)
5. Petr Munk and Tejraj M. Aminabhavi, Introduction to Macromolecular Science, 2nd ed.
John Wiley & Sons (2002)
6. L. H. Sperling, Introduction to Physical Polymer Science, 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons
(2005)
7. Malcolm P. Stevens, Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction, 3rd ed. Oxford University
Press (2005)
8. Seymour/ Carraher’s Polymer Chemistry, 9th ed. by Charles E. Carraher, Jr. (2013).