2005          8
44                                                                     Statisti cal Research                                                       No. 8         2005
                                                                           ( OAS)
                                                                       陈        蓉        郭晓武
                                                                                ABSTRACT
              Recently, OAS, which has caught the effect of term structure and optionality, has been more and
          more important in the analysis of option- embedded bonds and has influenced the interest rate risk
          management of some financial institutions. But the complexity and the non-standard feature of OAS often
          lead inappropriate understanding and use. This article analyses the definition, computation and the main
          use of OAS and discusses the pros and cons of OAS, which will help the pricing and risk management of
          opt ion- embedded bonds.
                          :                       ;                         ;
                                      ,                                                                    ,           OAS                                           ,
                  ,                                                                                                        ,                                     ;
                  ,                                                                                    ,       OAS                                                        ,
           ,                                                                     :                                                               OAS
      ,                                                                          ,                                                 ,   OAS
                                                                                 ;                                                 ,
      ,                                                                    (
                                      )                            (
                                                                                                       一 OAS 的含义和基本计算方法
      ),
(                                                 ),                                                             OAS
                              ,                                                  ,                 ,
                                                   ,                                                                       ,
                                          ,                                                                                OAS
                                                                                                       :
                      ( Option-Adjusted Spread, OAS) ,                                                         :
                                                                                                                               ,
                              (MBS)           ,                                                                    (                                     )
    , OAS
                          ,                       OAS
                                  ,                                                                                                                    MBS            (
           ,                                                                     ;                                                                           )
                                                               ,
                                                           ;           ,                                               ,                                                  ,
                                                                                                           MBS                 ,
                              ,
                                                                                               ,                                             ,
                                                       ,
      OAS
                                                                                               :                    ( OAS)                                                                               45
                                                                                                                                         ,                                                           ?
                 :                                                                                      ,                , OAS                                                                   :            ,
                                                                                                            ,                                                                                        ;            ,
                                                                                                                                                                             ,                   OAS
                                                            ,
                                                                                                                     ,                                                                                            ,
                 :                                                              ,                                                    OAS                                                                          ,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  ,
,                                                                    ,                                                                                 OAS
                                                        ,                                                                                          ,                 OAS
                 :            OAS                                         , OAS                                                                                                      ,
                                                        :                                                                                                  ,                                                      ,
                      N       T
        1                                               cf nt                                                                                          ,       OAS
    P =                                   t                                                             ( 1)
        N            n= 1 t = 1               ( 1 + rni + OAS )                                                 (            )                         ,
                                      i= 1
             N                                                                  , i                                              ,
                                                   , rni                                                                                                                             ,
                                              ,                 OAS                                                  OAS
        ,                 t                                                n
                                                                         cf (
                                                                           t
                                                                                                                         3 OAS
                                  )                                                   ,                                                                              ,                                        ,
                                                                          V,              V                                          , OAS
                                                                P,                                                                                                                                           , OAS
                                               ,                                                            V                                                                                ,
    P                     ,                        OAS                                                                                                                                                   ,
                                                                                                                                                                                         OAS
        二 OAS 的深入理解
                                                                                                                             三 OAS 的运用
                      , OAS
:           , OAS                                                                                  ,                                         , OAS                                           (
                                                            ,                                                                                                      MBS               )
                      ;               ,                         , OAS                                                ,
                                              ,                                                                                  ,                                       :
                 ,                                                                                                       1                                                                                   , OAS
             OAS                                                                                                                                                                         ,
                          ,                                              MBS                                                                                   ,
                                  ,                OAS                                ,                                                                        ,
                          ,                                       OAS                                                            ,
    ,                                                                                                                                                          , OAS
    1 OAS                                                                                      OAS                                                     , OAS                                 ,
        ,                                                       OAS                                                                            ,
        ,                                                         OAS                                                                                                                ,
                                                            ,                                                                                          ;                 ,           OAS
                      ,                                                                    ,           A
                                                                                                        200              2                                               ,
                                                   ,                                      60                                                                                                     ,            :
                                                    ,                                                  , 140                             =                                       -
                              OAS                                                                                                    ,
    2 OAS                                                                           OAS                                  ,                                                   ( Static Spread)
       46
                                                                                                                          ,                                         (
                                                                                                                          )
                                 ,                                                                                                  ,
                                 ,                                                                                                                                      ,
                    ,                           OAS                                                          1997                                                                :
                             ,       OAS
                ,                                                     ,                                             ,                                                                        ,
                                 ,
       :                                                                                                       ,                                         ,
            ;                                                                                            ,                              1
                                                ,                 ,                                                       ,
        ,                                           =                 - OAS                                                                 ,                           OAS
                                                ,                                                    ,                                                           OAS
                                        ,                                     ,                  OAS,                                                                           : ( 1)
                                                                                                                              OAS,
                                                                              OAS                                         ,
                                                                                                                                    , OAS                               OAS
                             ,                                                                                                              ; ( 2)
                             ,                                                                                 OAS,
                     ,                                                                OAS                      ,                                                                                 ; ( 3)
            ;                                               ,                               , OAS                   OAS                                                                               ,
       3                                                                  ,                                         ,                                                            ,
                                                                                             ,
                                                                                                               1
   ,                                                                              ,
                                                        OAS                             ( Effective
Duration)                            ( Effective Convexity)                                                                                          -                                   +
                         ,                                                                                                                           (       )                           (       )
                     :                  OAS             ,       OAS           ,
                                            ,
                                                                                                                        四 OAS 优缺点评析及其未来的发展
            ,                                                                                    ,
                         = ( P - - P + ) ( 2( P 0 ) ( y ) ) ;                                            =          (   ) OAS
                                                            2
( P - + P + - 2( P 0 ) ) ( ( P 0 ) ( y ) )                                                                                                                       , OAS
                P-                                                    P+                                       ,
                    P0                                  y                                                                     OAS                            :
       4                                                                                                            1 OAS
                                                            ,                                                                               ,
                OAS                                         ,                                                                 ,
       ( 1) ,                         OAS                        ,
                                 P                                                    MBS                           2                                                                ,
   ,                                                ,           OAS                                            OAS                              ,
       5                                                                                                            3 OAS
                         ,                                                                                                                                                  ,
                                                                               :              ( OAS)                                                                                 47
                                                                                                                                                                         ,
                          ,                                                                                                      ,
      (       ) OAS                                                                                 , OAS
                                   ,                                   , OAS
                          ,                                                 OAS                     3                                                                    ,
                          :                                                                                                                    ,
      1 OAS                                                                              ,                              , OAS
          OAS                                                                      ,                4                    OAS
                                                                                                    OAS                                            OAS,
                                            :                                                            ,                                         ,                                     OAS
      ( 1)                    ,
          ,     2                                                                                            ,                       ,         OAS
                      ,                                                                                                          ,                           ,
                                                                      OAS                                        ,                       OAS
 ,            OAS                                                                                                                                                                        ,
  1                       OAS                                                                                                                                                      OAS
       OAS                                                                                      ,                                                  OAS,
                                            1                                                                           : ( 1)                                       ,
                                            2
                                                                                                    ,                                                            ,
                                                                                                                                 ,                                                  OAS
                                            1
                                            2                                                                ( 2)                                                                        ,
                                                                                                                                           ,           OAS
                                            1   Ho & Lee      ( 1986)                        ( 3)                                                            (
                                            2   Hull & White      ( 1990)
                                            3   BDT      ( 1990)
                                                                                                                    )                              ,                         OAS
                                            4   HJM      ( 1992)
                                            1
                                            2
                                            1                                                [ 1 ] Bartlett William W. , the Valuation of Mortgage-Backed
                                                                  ,
                                                                                                    Securities [ M] . Richard D. Irwin, Inc. , 1994.
                                                                                             [ 2 ] David Audley, Richard chin, and Shrikant Ramamurthy,
                                            2
                                                    MBS           ,
                                                                                                        OAS and Effective Duration , in the H andbook of Fixed-
                                                                                                    Income Securities , ed. Fabozzi.McGraw-Hill, 1997.
                                                                                             [ 3 ] Fabozzi, Frank J. , Bond Market Analysis and Strategies , 4 th
      ( 2)                                                        ,                                 ed[ M] . Prentice Hall, Inc. , 2000.
                                                ,                      OAS                   [ 4 ] Kopprasch R W. , Option-Adjusted Spread Analysis: Going
                                  OAS                                                               don the Wrong path? [ J] . Financial Analysts Journal, May-
                                                ;                                                   June 1994, 42~ 47.
                          ;                                   ,
MBS                                                  ,
                                        ;                                                           陈蓉( 1976 ) , 女, 厦门大学金融系金融学 博士毕业,
                                                                                             厦门大学经济 学院 金融 系 讲师, 现 为厦 门大 学经 济学 院
      2 OAS                                               ,                                  金融系与厦门东南融通系统工 程有限公 司合作 培养的 博
                                                                        ,                    士后, 主要研究方向为金融工程和固定收 益证券
          OAS                                                                            ,          郭晓武( 1974 ) , 男, 财政学博士研究生, 厦门大学 经
                                                                                       OAS   济学院财政系