24 HOUR

HAZARDOUS
WASTE
OPERATIONS
TRAINING
 Agenda
Day One Day Two
Regulations Medical Surveillance
Engineering Controls Monitoring and
Hazard Recognition Sampling
Chemical Toxicology Decontamination
Biological and Safe Work Practices
Radiological Toxicology Confined Space
Handling drums and
Personal Protective
other containers
Equipment
Transportation of
Hazardous Wastes
Emergency Procedures
Agenda
Day Three
Decontamination
Review
Tabletop
Identification and
Hazard
Assessment
Tabletop
Drill/Exercise
Written Test
 Introduction
What is HAZWOPER?
Hazardous Waste Sites
Treatment, Storage and Disposal Sites
Emergency Response regardless of location
OSHA/EPA
Colorado Department of Public Health and
the Environment.
Introduction
Training Requirements
40 Hours off-site + 3 day on- site
Who? Why?
24 Hours off-site + 1 day on- site
Who? Why?
8 Hour Supervisor
Who? Why?
Environmental Laws

CERCLA
40
RCRA
SARA
TSCA
 CERCLA
Comprehensive Environmental Response
Compensation Liability Act
Commonly referred to as the the Superfund
law, requires cleanup of releases of
hazardous substances in the air, water,
groundwater, and on the land.
Both new spills and leaking or abandoned
dumpsites are covered.
 RCRA
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Effective October 21,1976, with three distinct
goals.
To protect human health and the environment
To reduce waste and conserve energy and natural
resources
To reduce or eliminate the generation of
hazardous waste as efficiently and quickly as
possible
Governs wastes from “cradle to grave”
 SARA
Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act
Effective 1986, Gave more authority to the
EPA and reauthorized funding
Mandated OSHA to develop health and safety
standards for hazardous waste workers.
(HAZWOPER regulations)
SARA Title III - Community Right to Know
 TSCA
Toxic Substance Control Act
Sets standards for the manufacturing,
handling and use of toxic chemicals.
Requires employees to be trained on the
hazards associated with handling and use of
toxic chemicals.
OSHA
REGULATIONS
Occupational Safety
and Health ACT
Effective April 28, 1971
Requires:
All workers have a safe and healthy work
environment.
All employers to take steps to protect
employees from recognized hazards or
eliminate such hazards.
Provides employee rights and responsibilities.
 Rights &
Responsibilities
Rights Responsibilities
To a safe work place Comply with all OSHA
To request an Standards
inspection Follow all safety rules and
To request information wear appropriate PPE
on safety and health Report hazardous
hazards in the work conditions to your
place supervisor
To exercise your rights Report any illness or
without discrimination injury promptly
 OSHA
• Four Categories of Standards
Design Standards
Performance Standards
Vertical Standards
Horizontal Standards

• 29 CFR 1910.120 paragraphs

(b) through (o)
OSHA Regulations
Ventilation
Noise
Ionizing Radiation
29 CFR 1910 Hazardous Materials
PPE
Fire Protection
29 CFR 1926
Material Handling
Electrical
Trenching
 29 CFR 1910.120
Hazardous Waste Sites
Superfund Sites
Corrective action/Clean up at RCRA Sites
Voluntary Clean up recognized by
Governmental agencies
Treatment, Storage and Disposal Sites
Emergency Response
HAZWOPER Standard
Scope, Application Monitoring
and Definitions Informational
Safety and Health Programs
Program Handling Drums and
Site Characterization Containers
Site Control Decontamination
Training Emergency
Medical Surveillance Response
Engineering Controls Illumination
Sanitation
New Technology
Safety & Health Program
Organizational Structure
Comprehensive Work plan
Site-Specific Health and Safety Plans (HASP)
Health and Safety Training Program
Medical Surveillance Program
Standard Operating Procedures
Coordination/Interface Procedures
 Site-Specific Plan
Key Personnel Air and Employee
Health and Safety Monitoring
Risk Analysis Spill Containment
Site Control Confined Space
Measures Procedures
Training Assignments Decontamination
Medical Surveillance Procedures
Requirements Emergency Response
Personal Protective Plan
Equipment
 SITE
CHARACTERIZATION
 Requirements
➔ Found in Paragraph (c)
➔ Topics
Preliminary evaluation
Hazard identification
Required information
Personal protective equipment
Monitoring
Risk identification
Employee notification
 OFF - SITE
CHARACTERIZATION

Performed prior to entry

Divided in two parts:
- Interview/Records
Search
- Perimeter
Reconnaissance
 ON - SITE
CHARACTERIZATION

Purpose is to verify
and supplement
information obtained
from off-site survey.
 ON - SITE
CHARACTERIZATION
Types of Containers Indicators of exposure
Labels or Markings Safety Hazards
Condition of Identify Reactive,
Containers Flammable or
Condition of Materials Corrosive Materials
Identify Wind Collect Samples
Shadows Note Land Features
Determine Potential Note Natural irritants
Pathways of Poison Ivy
Dispersion
 Site Control
Worker Safety
Work Zones Procedures

Site Map The Site Control Buddy System

Program

Communications Nearby Medical

Network Facilities
Site Map

Compile a site map prior

to entry and update
throughout course of
operation. Denote
changes, evacuation
routes, problems areas,
wind shadows, etc.
Work Zones
Site Security

During
Working Hours
And
Off-duty Hours
 Communication
Internal External
Radios Off-Site
Noisemakers Emergency
Bells Response
Sirens Site Management
Visual Signals Regulatory Agencies
Hand Signals
Lights
Flags
Flares
 Buddy System
Provide Partner with
Assistance
Observe Partner for
signs of Chemical or
Heat Exposure
Periodically Check
Integrity of Partners PPE
Notify Site Manager if
Emergency Assistance is
Needed
 Site Preparation
This can be as
hazardous as site
cleanup
Some major steps that
need to be implemented
- Roadways
- Traffic Flow
- Building Construction
- Work Zone
Safe Work Procedures

SAFE WORK
PROCEDURES
Engineering
• Confined Space Controls
Procedure
• Personal Protective
Equipment
Safe Work
• Lock Out-Tag Out Procedures
Procedures

Standing Orders
 Medical Facilities
Nearest Medical
Facilities
Ambulances
Hospitals
Emergency Clinics
Police
Fire
Map
Risks And Hazards
Hazardous materials present three
main risks:

Health
Fire
Reactivity
 Health
Health hazards are dependent on the
materials involved and the routes of entry.
Inhalation
Ingestion
Absorption
Skin Contact
 Fire
Fires can develop as a result of leaks or
spills.
Liquids or vapors that readily ignite can
cause burns and other heat related
injuries
 Reactivity
Some chemicals will react when place in
contact with others.
Reactions can vary from generation of
toxic gases to polymerization to violent
explosions.
Due to the threat of explosions, reactivity
is the most feared.
 Identification And
Hazard Assessment
 Assessment
The MOST critical aspect of a hazardous
substance response is the identification of
the substances and a thorough
assessment of the hazards that are
presented.
You can’t manage the site/incident if you
can’t identify and assess the problem.
 Identification
Information Sources:
M.S.D.S.
Placards and Labels
Shipping Papers
Reference Guides
Technical Information Centers
NFPA 704 System
Computer Data Bases
Other (Monitoring results, witnesses, process
knowledge, etc.)
 Assessment
This process is the basis for the selection of
PPE, control measures, engineering controls,
monitoring devices, decontamination methods,
disposal and everything associated with this
incident/site.
At least three sources are preferred to perform
an identification and hazard assessment.
 Key Acronyms
BP=Boiling point
FP=Flash point
IT=Ignition temperature
FR=Flammable range
LFL(LEL) and UFL(UEL)=Upper and Lower
Flammable (Explosive) limits
SG=Specific Gravity
VD=Vapor Density
VP=Vapor Pressure
Sol=Solubility
Chemical Toxicology
Toxicology Based on
the degree to information
which a chemical gained from:
or substance has a Epidemiological
harmful effect on studies
humans or other Animal Studies
living things.
Chemical Toxicology

Routes of Entry
Inhalation
Ingestion
Injection
Contact
Chemical Toxicology
Dose LD50 and LC50
It is the dose that The amount of material that
kills not the results in the deaths of 50%
material. of a sample group of
Water is toxic at a laboratory animals
certain dose as
well as table salt.
Synergistic Effects
Asbestos &
Smoking
Radiological Toxicology
Ionizing Non-ionizing
Alpha Radiant heat
Beta Lasers
Gamma Ultraviolet light
Neutron Radio waves
Radiological Toxicology
Alpha Beta
Largest particle Smaller particles and
Stopped by they travel further
paper/clothing Stopped by thin metal, a
Health hazard if thickness of wood,
inhaled or ingested plastic or glass.
Only travel a few Health hazard to the
centimeters in the
air. skin, eyes and internal
organs if ingested or
inhaled
Radiological Toxicology
Gamma
Most dangerous
NO mass, just pure energy
Travel great distances
Will pass through the human body and
interact with living cells
Stopped by lead, concrete, and other
dense materials
Radiological Toxicology
Measuring/Monitoring Protection
RAD - radiation absorbed Time
dose
REM - roentgen
Distance
equivalent man Shielding
mrad/hr, rad/hr or As Low As
mrem/hr, rem/hr Reasonably
What measuring devices Achievable (ALARA)
do you have?
 Toxicology
Acute vs. Chronic
Kind of material, concentration, and physical
state
Type of toxin
Dose
Duration of exposure
Frequency of exposure
Personal tolerances (dose/response)
Target Organs of toxin
Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
Written PPE Program
Number of person- Decon, cleaning,
hours that workers inspection,
will wear various PPE maintenance and
Levels of exposure storage procedures
Adequacy of the PPE Accident and Illness
Operational experience
Guidelines Selection Procedures
Training and Fitting
Procedures
Respiratory Equipment
Air purifying
respirators
Air supplying
respirators
Supplied Air
Respirator(SAR)
Self-contained
Breathing
Apparatus(SCBA)
Air Supplying Respirators
SCBA
Positive or Negative Pressure
Open Circuit
Time limitations
Closed Circuit
Weight
SAR
Positive Pressure
Escape SCBA
Air line length
300 feet
Air Purifying Respirators
Powered Air-Purifying
Respirator
Positive Pressure
Full Face/Half Face
Respirator
Negative Pressure
Particulate Filter
Sorbent
Cartridges/Canisters
Combination
 PPE Selection
Based on Hazard Permeation
assessment. Chemical/material moves
Compatible with through protective clothing.
exposure. Degradation
Sufficient Loss of or change in the
durability. fabric’s chemical resistance.

Temperature Penetration
effects. Movement of contaminates
through zippers, seams,
Decon Methods tears, etc.
EMERGENCY SITUATIONS

Emergency alarm signals

Puncture wounds, scrapes or
abrasions
Halon discharge
Sickness
Air supply disruption
 Level A PPE

Highest Protection Provided for:

• Respiratory Tract

• Skin

• Eyes
 Level A Equipment
Recommended:
• SCBA or SAR
• Totally Encapsulating
Chem.Resistant Suit
• Chem. Resistant Inner
&Outer Gloves & Boots
Optional:
• Cooling Unit
• Coveralls
• Hard Hat
• Disposable Gloves
• Boot Covers
 Level B PPE
• Maximum Respiratory
Protection

• Lesser Degree of Skin

Protection

• Minimal Level
Recommended for
Initial Site Entry Until
Hazards Are Identified
 Level B Equipment
RECOMMENDED:
• SCBA or Supplied-Air
Respirator with Escape SCBA
• Chem. Resistant Clothing
• Chem.Resistant Inner and Outer
Gloves & Boots

OPTIONAL:
• Hard Hat
• Coveralls
• Face shield
• Disposable Gloves
• Boot Covers
• Long Cotton Underwear
 Level C PPE
Same skin protection as
Level B PPE
Lesser degree of
respiratory protection,
the contaminates are
known.
Air Purifying Respirators
(APR’s) with compatible
cartridges.
 Level C PPE
RECOMMENDED:
• Air Purifying Respirator (APR)
• Chem. Resistant Clothing
• Chem.Resistant Inner and Outer Gloves & Boots

OPTIONAL:
• Hard Hat
• Coveralls
• Face shield
• Disposable Gloves
• Boot Covers
• Long Cotton Underwear
 Level D PPE

Minimal Skin Protection

No Respiratory Protection
Normal work clothes, fire fighting
turnout gear are level D
 Level D PPE
RECOMMENDED:
• Hard Hat
• Coveralls
• Safety Glasses
• Safety shoes
OPTIONAL:
• Hearing protection
• Face shield
• Disposable Gloves
• Boot Covers
• Long Cotton Underwear
 Limitations
Each level of PPE has limitations.
Visibility
Mobility
Heat Stress
Protection
All PPE must be compatible with the
substance that you are working with,
based on hazard assessment.
Medical Surveillance
Protection of Employee’s Health
Detecting pre-existing disease or medical
conditions that may place an employee
performing certain tasks in risk.
Minimizing individual exposures at the
workplace, so that the disease process is
never initiated.
Medical Surveillance
Site Medical Program
Components
Surveillance
Treatment
Record keeping
Program review
Medical Surveillance
Pre-employment screenings
Periodic medical exams
Follow up exams
After injury or overexposure
Exam after notifying employer of
symptoms which may be related
to exposure.
Termination exam
Medical Surveillance
Affected
Employees Members of organized
Employees who are, or HAZMAT teams
may be exposed to Employees who are
PELs of hazardous injured as a result of
substances or health overexposure during a
hazards for 30 days or site emergency or who
more per year
show symptoms of illness
Employees who wear a that may have resulted
respirator for 30 days
or more per year from overexposure to
hazardous substances.
Monitoring & Sampling
Hazardous
Atmospheres
Explosive
Toxic
Oxygen deficient
Oxygen enriched
Radioactive
Monitoring & Sampling
Identify and quantify Ensure proper selection
airborne contaminants of work practices and
on and off site. engineering controls.
Track changes in air Determine the level of
contaminants that worker protection
occur over the lifetime needed
of the incident. Identify additional
Assist in defining work medical monitoring
zones needs
Monitoring & Sampling
Direct Reading Laboratory
Instruments Analysis
Multi-gas detectors Gas sampling bags
Dose-rate meters Filters
Colormetric tubes Sorbents
PID Wet collection
methods
Monitoring & Sampling
Perimeter monitoring Personal Monitoring
Zone requirements High risk employees
Periodic monitoring Area samples
Work in a different area Industrial hygiene
Different operations, i.e. techniques
demolition vs. collection Medical surveillance
Different contaminants requirements
Obvious liquid
contamination, spills or
lagoons
 Illumination
FOOT AREA OR
CANDLES OPERATIONS
5 General Site

3 Excavation, Storage

5 Warehouses, Tunnels

10 General Shops

30 Offices
Sanitation
Potable Water
Nonpotable Water
Toilet facilities
Food handling
Washing facilities
Shower and change
rooms
Safe Work Practices
Confined Space Procedures

Control of hazardous energy (Lock out)

Fall Protection

Material/Waste Handling
Confined Space
Limited entry and exit
Large enough and so
configured to allow a
person to enter and
perform work
Not design for
continuous human
occupancy
 Confined Space
“Permit Required”
Contains or has the
potential to contain a
hazardous atmosphere
Potential for engulfment
Inwardly converging walls
Any other recognized
serious safety or health
hazard.
 Confined Space
Training Permit Requirements
Requirements Define the work
Entrant Evaluate all hazards
Attendant Monitoring
requirements
Supervisor
Protection from all
Rescue Team hazards
Names and number of
entrants
ETC.
Material Handling
Hazards

• Detonation
• Fires
• Explosions
• Vapor Generation
• Physical Injury
 Drum Handling
• 29 CFR 1910 and 1926 contain OSHA
standards for chemical containers
and their handling.

• 40 CFR 265 contains EPA

requirements for waste containers
and storage areas.

• 49 CFR 171-178 (DOT) specifies

container standards and shipping
procedures for hazardous wastes.
Drum Inspection
Monitor conditions in the
immediate vicinity of drums.

Perform visual inspection of

drums.

Classify drums into

preliminary hazard
categories.
 Drum Inspection
Look for:
• Symbols, words, marks
indicating contents.
• Signs of deterioration.
• Signs that the drum is
under pressure.
• Drum type.
• Configuration of
drum head.
 Handling

The purpose of handling is to:

Respond to any obvious safety problems
Unstack and orient drums for sampling
Organize drums into different areas
 Planning
A preliminary plan should contain:
• Extent of handling necessary
• Personnel selected for the job
• Appropriate procedures based on the
hazards associated with the probable
drum
contents
Types Of Containers
Radioactive Waste
Explosive or Shock
Sensitive
Waste
Bulging Drums
Lab Pack Drums
Leaking, Open and
Deteriorated Drums
Buried Drums
Decontamination
Purpose Of Decon
• Cleans PPE & equipment

• Protects workers

• Prevents further contamination

• Protects environment

• Protects community
Zones
 EXCLUSION ZONE
Outer Glove Boot Cover Tape Boot Cover & Boot Cover & Segregated
Removal Removal Removal Glove Rinse Glove Was h Equipment Drop
6 5 4 3 2 1
HOTLINE

7 Suit/Safety Boot Wash

9 8 Suit/Boot/Glove Rinse MAXIMUM

Canister
or
10 Safety Boot Removal DECONTAMINATION
Mas k
Change 11 SCBA Backpack Removal
LAYOUT
Level B Protection
12 Splas h Suit Removal
CONTAMINATION REDUCTION ZONE
13 Inner Glove Wash

14 Inner Glove Rinse

15 Face Piece Removal

16 Inner Glove Removal

17 Inner Clothing Removal

CONTAMINATION
CONTROL LINE
Field Wash 18 19 Redres s
SUPPORT ZONE
Decon Methods

Physical

Chemical

Combination
 Health And Safety
Decontamination methods may:
Be incompatible with hazardous
substances.
Be incompatible with equipment.
Pose a direct health hazard to workers.
 Decon Equipment
Generally selected based on availability

• Tanks

• Brushes

• Buckets

• Storage Containers
Spill Response
 Assume that

ALL SPILLED MATERIALS

ARE DANGEROUS
Fighting A Spill

Chemical Inactivation

and

Absorption
Tabletop Drill
 Map

Storm Drain

Drums

ABANDONED
VEHICLE