Test 3

LISTENING

SECTION 1 Questions 1-10

Complete the notes below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

1
Test 3

SECTION2 Questions 11-20

2
 Listening

Questions 11-13

Complete the table below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.

MEMBERSHIP OF SPORTS CENTRE

Cost 11 £..............................per 12..............................

Where? 13.................................

When? 2 to 6 pm, Monday to Thursday

Bring: Union card

Photo

Fee

3
Test 3

Questions 14-16

Complete the table below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Always bring sports 14.................................when you come to 15.................................or use the

Centre’s facilities.

9 am to 10 pm on 16.................................
Opening hours
10 am to 6 pm on Saturdays

50% ‘morning discount’ 9 am to 12 noon on weekdays

4
 Listening

Questions 17-20

Look at the map of the Sports Complex below.

Label the buildings on the map of the Sports Complex.
Choose your answers from the box below and write them against Questions 17-20.
Arts Studio
Football Pitch
Tennis Courts
Dance Studio
Fitness Room
Reception
Squash Courts

5
Test 3

SECTION 3 Questions 21-30

Complete the form below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR NUMBER for each answer.

6
 Listening

SECTIO N 4 Questions 31-40

Questions 31-33

Complete the table below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

"NEW" MEAT CAN BE COMPARED TO PROBLEM

kangaroo 31....................... 32.......................

crocodile chicken fatty

ostrich 33.......................

Questions 34-36

Complete the table below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

OSTRICH PRODUCT USE

Ostrich feathers • tribal ceremonial dress

• 34.......................

• decorated hats
Ostrich hide • 35.......................

Ostrich 36......................... • ‘biltong’

7
Test 3

Questions 37-40

Choose the correct letters A-C.

37 Ostrich meat
A has more protein than beef.
B tastes nearly as good as beef.
C is very filling.

38 One problem with ostrich fanning in Britain is A

the climate.
B the cost of transporting birds.
C the price of ostrich eggs.

39 Ostrich chicks reared on farms A must be kept in

incubators until mature.
B are very independent.
C need looking after carefully.

40 The speaker suggests ostrich farms are profitable

because A little initial outlay is required.
B farmed birds are very productive.
C there is a good market for the meat.

8
 Listening

READING

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1—12 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.

THE DEPARTMENT OF
ETHNOGRAPHY
The Department of Ethnography was of a btoad range of o society’s cultural
created as a separate deportment within expressions.
the British Museum in 1946, offer 140
years of gradual development from the
original Department of Antiquities. If is
concerned with the people of Africa, the
Americas, Asio, the Pacific and parrs of
Europe. While this includes complex
kingdoms, as in Africa, and ancient
empires, such as those of the Americas,
the primary focus of attention in the
twentieth century has been on small-scale
societies. Through its collections, the
Department’s specific interest is to
document how objects are created and Much of the more recent collecting was
used, and to understand their importance carried out in the field, sometimes by
and significance to those who produce Museum staff working on general
them. Such objects can include both the anthropological projects in collaboration
extraordinary ond the mundane, the with a wide variety of national
beautiful and the banal. governments and other institutions. The
material collected includes great technical
The collections of the Department of
series - for instance, of textiles from
Ethnography include approximately
Bolivia,
300,000 artefacts, of which about half are
Guatemala, Indonesia and ateas of West
the product of fhe present century. The
Africa - or of artefact types such as boats.
Department has o vital role to play in
The latter include working examples of
providing information on non-Western
coracles from India, reed boars from Lake
cultures to visitors ond scholars. To this
Titicaca in fhe Andes, kayaks from fhe
end, the collecting emphasis has often
been less on individual objects than on Arctic, and dug-out canoes from several
countries. The field assemblages, such as
groups of material which allow the display
those from fhe Sudan, Madagascat and

9
Test 3

Yemen, include a whole range of material

culture represenrarive of one people. This
might cover the necessities of life of an
African herdsman or on Arabian farmer,
ritual objects, or even on occasion airport
art. Again, a series of acquisitions migh

10
 Reading
represent a decade’s fieldwork culture, ritual or political structures were on
documenting social experience as the point of irrevocable change. This
expressed in the varieties of clothing and attitude altered with the realisation that
jewellery styles, tents and camel trappings marginal communities can survive and
from various Middle Eastern countries, or adapt In spire of partial integration into a
in the developing preferences in personal
notoriously fickle world economy. Since the
adornment and dress from Papua New
Guinea. Particularly interesting are a series seventeenth century, with the advent of
of collections which continue to document trading companies exporting manufactured
the evolution of ceremony and of material textiles to North America and Asia, the
forms for which the Department already importation of cheap goods has often
possesses early (if nor the earliest) contributed to the destruction of local skills
collections formed after the first contact and indigenous markets. On fhe one hand
with Europeans. modern imported goods may be used in an
The importance of these acquisitions everyday setting, while on the other hand
extends beyond the objects themselves. other traditional objects may still be
They come fo the Museum with required for ritually significant events.
documentation of the social context, ideally Within this context trade and exchange
including photographic records. Such aftifudes are inverted. What are utilifarian
acquisitions have multiple purposes. Most
objects to a Westerner may be prized
significantly they document for future
change. Most people think of the cultures objects in other cultures - when transformed
represented in the collection in terms of the by locol ingenuity - principally for aesthetic
absence of advanced technology. In fact, value. In fhe some way, the West imports
traditional practices draw on a continuing goods from other peoples and in certain
wealth of technological ingenuity. Limited circumsronces categotises them as ‘art’.
resources and ecological constraints are Collections act as an ever-expanding
often overcome by personal skills that database, nor merely for scholars and
would be regarded as exceptional in the anthropologists, bur for people involved in
West. Of growing interest is the way in a whole range of educational and artistic
which much of what we might see as purposes. These include schools and
disposable is, elsewhere, recycled and universities as well as colleges of art and
reused. design. The provision of information about
With the Independence of much of Asia and non-Western aesthetics and techniques,
Africa after 1945, if was assumed that not just for designers and artists but for all
economic progress would rapidly lead to the visitors, is a growing responsibility for a
disappearance or assimilation of many Department whose own context is an
small-scale societies. Therefore, it was felt increasingly multicultural European society.
that the Museum should acquire materials
representing people whose art or material
Questions 1-6

11
Test 3

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet write

TRUE if the statement is true according to the passage

FALSE if the statement is false according to the passage
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

Example
The Department of Ethnography Answer
replaced the Department of Antiquities FALSE
at the British Museum.

1 The twentieth-century collections come mainly from mainstream societies such as the US and
Europe.
2 The Department of Ethnography focuses mainly on modern societies.
3 The Department concentrates on collecting single unrelated objects of great value.
4 The textile collection of the Department of Ethnography is the largest in the world.
5 Traditional societies are highly inventive in terms of technology.
6 Many small-scale societies have survived and adapted in spite of predictions to the contrary.
Questions 7-12

Some of the exhibits at the Department of Ethnography are listed below (Questions 7 -12).

The writer gives these exhibits as examples of different collection types.

Match each exhibit with the collection type with which it is associated in Reading Passage 1.

Write the appropriate letters in boxes 7-12 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any collection type more than once.

12
 Reading

Collection Types
AT Artefact Types
EC Evolution of Ceremony
FA Field Assemblages
SE Social Experience
TS Technical Series

Example Answer
Boats AT

7 Bolivian textiles
8 Indian coracles
9 airport art
10 Arctic kayaks
11 necessities of life of an Arabian farmer
12 tents from the Middle East
READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 13-25 which are based on Reading Passage 2 on
the following pages.

13
Test 3

Questions 13-15

Reading Passage 2 has six sections A-F.

Choose the most suitable headings for sections A, B and D from the list of headings below.

Write the appropriate numbers i-vii in boxes 13-15 on your answer

sheet.
List of Headings
i Amazonia as unable to sustain complex
societies
ii The role of recent technology in ecological
research in Amazonia
iii The hostility of the indigenous population
to North American influences
iv Recent evidence
v Early research among the Indian Amazons
vi The influence of prehistoric inhabitants on
Amazonian natural history
vii The great difficulty of changing local
attitudes and practices

13 Section A
14 Section B
Example Answer
Paragraph C iv

15 Section D

14
 Reading

A In 1942 Allan R Holmberg, a doctoral student in anthropology from Yale University, USA,
ventured deep into the jungle of Bolivian Amazonia and searched out an isolated band of
Siriono Indians. The Siriono, Holmberg later wrote, led a "strikingly backward" existence.
Their villages were little more than clusters of thatched huts. Life itself was a perpetual and
punishing search for food: some families grew manioc and other starchy crops in small
garden plots cleared from the forest, while other members of the tribe scoured the country
for small game and promising fish holes. When local resources became depleted, the tribe
moved on. As for technology, Holmberg noted, the Siriono "may be classified among the
most handicapped peoples of the world". Other than bows, arrows and crude digging sticks,
the only tools the Siriono seemed to possess were "two machetes worn to the size of
pocketknives".
B Although the lives of the Siriono have changed in the intervening decades, the image of
them as Stone Age relics has endured. Indeed, in many respects the Siriono epitomize the
popular conception of life in Amazonia. To casual observers, as well as to influential natural
scientists and regional planners, the luxuriant forests of Amazonia seem ageless,
unconquerable, a habitat totally hostile to human civilization. The apparent simplicity of
Indian ways of life has been judged an evolutionary adaptation to forest ecology, living proof
that Amazonia could not - and cannot - sustain a more complex society. Archaeological
traces of far more elaborate cultures have been dismissed as the ruins of invaders from
outside the region, abandoned to decay in the uncompromising tropical environment.
C The popular conception of Amazonia and its native residents would be enormously
consequential if it were true. But the human history of Amazonia in the past 11,000 years
betrays that view as myth. Evidence gathered in recent years from anthropology and
archaeology indicates that the region has supported a series of indigenous cultures for eleven
thousand years; an extensive network of complex societies - some with populations perhaps
as large as 100,000 - thrived there for more than 1,000 years before the arrival of Europeans.
(Indeed, some contemporary tribes, including the Siriono, still live among the earthworks of
earlier cultures.) Far from being evolutionarily retarded, prehistoric Amazonian people
developed technologies and cultures that were advanced for their time. If the lives of Indians
today seem "primitive", the appearance is not the result of some environmental adaptation or
ecological barrier; rather it is a comparatively recent adaptation to centuries of economic
and political pressure. Investigators who argue otherwise have unwittingly projected the
present onto the past.

15
Test 3

D The evidence for a revised view of Amazonia will take many people by surprise. Ecologists
have assumed that tropical ecosystems were shaped entirely by natural forces and they have
focused their research on habitats they believe have escaped human influence. But as the
University of Florida ecologist, Peter Feinsinger, has noted, an approach that leaves people
out of the equation is no longer tenable. The archaeological evidence shows that the natural
history of Amazonia is to a surprising extent tied to the activities of its prehistoric
inhabitants.
E The realization comes none too soon. In June 1992 political and environmental leaders from
across the world met in Rio de Janeiro to discuss how developing countries can advance
their economies without destroying their natural resources. The challenge is especially
difficult in Amazonia. Because the tropical forest has been depicted as ecologically unfit for
large-scale human occupation, some environmentalists have opposed development of any
kind.
Ironically, one major casualty of that extreme position has been the environment itself.
While policy makers struggle to define and implement appropriate legislation, development
of the most destructive kind has continued apace over vast areas.
F The other major casualty of the "naturalism" of environmental scientists has been the
indigenous Amazonians, whose habits of hunting, fishing, and slash-and-burn cultivation
often have been represented as harmful to the habitat. In the clash between
environmentalists and developers, the Indians, whose presence is in fact crucial to the
survival of the forest, have suffered the most. The new understanding of the pre-history of
Amazonia, however, points toward a middle ground. Archaeology makes clear that with
judicious management selected parts of the region could support more people than anyone
thought before. The longburied past, it seems, offers hope for the future.
Questions 16-21

Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?

In boxes 16—21 on your answer sheet write

YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer NO

if the statement contradicts the views of the writer NOT GIVEN if it
is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

16
 Reading

Example
The prehistoric inhabitants of Answer
Amazonia were relatively backward in NO
technological terms.

16 The reason for the simplicity of the Indian way of life is that Amazonia has always been
unable to support a more complex society.

17 There is a crucial popular misconception about the human history of Amazonia.

18 There are lessons to be learned from similar ecosystems in other parts of the world.

19 Most ecologists were aware that the areas of Amazonia they were working in had been
shaped by human settlement.

20 The indigenous Amazonian Indians are necessary to the well-being of the forest.

21 It would be possible for certain parts of Amazonia to support a higher population.

Questions 22-25

Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in boxes 22-25 on your answer sheet.

22 In 1942 the US anthropology student concluded that the Siriono A were

unusually aggressive and cruel.
B had had their way of life destroyed by invaders.
C were an extremely primitive society.
D had only recently made permanent settlements.

23 The author believes recent discoveries of the remains of complex societies in

Amazonia A are evidence of early indigenous communities.
B are the remains of settlements by invaders.
C are the ruins of communities established since the European invasions. D show the
region has only relatively recently been covered by forest.

17
Test 3

24 The assumption that the tropical ecosystem of Amazonia has been created
solely by natural forces
A has often been questioned by ecologists in the past.
B has been shown to be incorrect by recent research.
C was made by Peter Feinsinger and other ecologists.
D has led to some fruitful discoveries.

25 The application of our new insights into the Amazonian past would A warn
us against allowing any development at all.
B cause further suffering to the Indian communities.
C change present policies on development in the region.
D reduce the amount of hunting, fishing, and ‘slash-and-burn’.
READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 26-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below
.

sunlight in winter and by spending a few

hours each day under special, full-spectrum
Hormone levels - and hence our moods -may
lamps. These provide more ultraviolet and
be affected by the weather. Gloomy weather
blue-green light than ordinary fluorescent
can cause depression, but sunshine appears
and tungsten lights. Some Russian scientists
to raise the spirits. In Britain, for example, the
claim that children learn better after being
dull weather of winter drastically cuts down
exposed to ultraviolet light. In warm
the amount of sunlight that is experienced
countries, hours of work are often arranged
which strongly affects some people. They
so that workers can take a break, or even a
become so depressed and lacking in energy
siesta, during the hottest part of the day.
that their work and social life are affected.
Scientists are working to discover the links
This condition has been given the name SAD
between the weather and human beings’
(Seasonal Affective Disorder). Sufferers can
moods and performance.
fight back by making the most of any

18
 Reading

It is generally believed that tempers grow believable by the evidence for a connection
shorter in hot, muggy weather. There is no between behaviour and the length of the
doubt that ‘crimes against the person’ rise in daylight hours. This in turn might involve
the summer, when the weather is hotter and the level of a hormone called melatonin,
fall in the winter when the weather is colder. produced in the pineal gland in the brain.
Research in the United States has shown a The amount of melatonin falls with greater
relationship between temperature and street exposure to daylight. Research shows that
riots. The frequency of riots rises dramatically melatonin plays an important part in the
as the weather gets warmer, hitting a peak seasonal behaviour of certain animals. For
around 27-30°C. But is this effect really due to example, food consumption of stags
a mood change caused by the heat? Some increases during the winter, reaching a peak
scientists argue that trouble starts more often in February/ March. It falls again to a low
in hot weather merely because there are more point in May, then rises to a peak in
people in the street when the weather is good. September, before dropping to another
Psychologists have also studied how being minimum in November. These changes seem
cold affects performance. Researchers to be triggered by varying melatonin levels.
compared divers working in icy cold water at In the laboratory, hamsters put on more
5°C with others in water at 20°C (about weight when the nights are getting shorter
swimming pool temperature). The colder and their melatonin levels are falling. On the
water made the divers worse at simple other hand, if they are given injections of
arithmetic and other mental tasks. But melatonin, they will stop eating altogether. It
significantly, their performance was impaired seems that time cues provided by the
as soon as they were put into the cold water - changing lengths of day and night trigger
before their bodies had time to cool down. changes in animals’ behaviour - changes that
This suggests that the low temperature did are needed to cope with the cycle of the
not slow down mental functioning directly, seasons. People’s moods too, have been
but the feeling of cold distracted the divers shown to react to the length of the daylight
from their tasks. hours. Sceptics might say that longer
Psychologists have conducted studies exposure to sunshine puts people in a better
showing that people become less sceptical mood because they associate it with the
and more optimistic when the weather is happy feelings of holidays and freedom from
sunny However, this apparently does not just responsibility. However, the belief that rain
depend on the temperature. An American and murky weather make people more
psychologist studied customers in a unhappy is borne out by a study in Belgium,
temperature-controlled restaurant. They gave which showed that a telephone counselling
bigger tips when the sun was shining and service gets more telephone calls from people
smaller tips when it wasn’t, even though the with suicidal feelings when it rains.
temperature in the restaurant was the same. When there is a thunderstorm brewing, some
A link between weather and mood is made people complain of the air being ‘heavy’ and

19
Test 3

of feeling irritable, moody and on edge. They Mistral in southern France and the Fohn in
may be reacting to the fact that the air can southern Germany, mood can be affected -
become slightly positively charged when and the number of traffic accidents rises. It
large thunderclouds are generating the may be significant that the concentration of
intense electrical fields that cause lightning positively charged particles is greater than
flashes. The positive charge increases the normal in these winds. In the United
levels of serotonin (a chemical involved in Kingdom, 400,000 ionizers are sold every
sending signals in the nervous system). High year. These small machines raise the number
levels of serotonin in certain areas of the of negative ions in the air in a room. Many
nervous system make people more active and people claim they feel better in negatively
reactive and, possibly, more aggressive. charged air.
When certain winds are blowing, such as the
Questions 26-28

Choose the appropriate letters A—D and write them in boxes 26—28 on your answer sheet.
26 Why did the divers perform less well in colder conditions?

A They were less able to concentrate.

B Their body temperature fell too quickly.
C Their mental functions were immediately affected by the cold. D They were used to
swimming pool conditions.
27 The number of daylight hours
A affects the performance of workers in restaurants.
B influences animal feeding habits.
C makes animals like hamsters more active.
D prepares humans for having greater leisure time.
28 Human irritability may be influenced by

A how nervous and aggressive people are.

B reaction to certain weather phenomena.
C the number of ions being generated by machines. D the attitude of people to
thunderstorms.

Questions 29-34

Do the following statements agree with the information in Reading Passage 3?

In boxes 29-34 on your answer sheet write

20
 Reading

TRUE if the statement is true according to the passage

FALSE if the statement is false according to the passage
NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

29 Seasonal Affective Disorder is disrupting children’s education in Russia.

30 Serotonin is an essential cause of human aggression.
31 Scientific evidence links ‘happy associations with weather’ to human mood.
32 A link between depression and the time of year has been established.
33 Melatonin levels increase at certain times of the year.
34 Positively charged ions can influence eating habits.
Questions 35-37

According to the text which THREE of the following conditions have been scientifically proved
to have a psychological effect on humans?

Choose THREE letters A—G and write them in boxes 35—37 on your answer sheet.

A lack of negative ions

B rainy weather
C food consumption D high serotonin levels
E sunny weather
F freedom from worry
G lack of counselling facilities

Questions 38-40

Complete each of the following statements with the best ending from the box below.

Write the appropriate letters A-G in boxes 38—40 on your answer sheet.

21
Test 3

38 It has been established that social tension increases significantly in the United States during
...

39 Research has shown that a hamster’s bodyweight increases according to its exposure to

40 Animals cope with changing weather and food availability because they are influenced by...

A daylight
B hot weather
C melatonin
D moderate temperatures
E poor co-ordination
F time cues
G impaired performance

22
 Writing

WRITING

WRITING TASK 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.

The charts below show the levels of participation in education and science in developing and
industrialised countries in 1980 and 1990.

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.

You should write at least 150 words.

WRITING TASK 2

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Present a written argument or case to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the
following topic.

In many countries children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some people regard this as
completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience, important for learning
and taking responsibility.

What are your opinions on this?

You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with
examples and relevant evidence.