94 Together vck Social Science 10

45. Explain how the print media and newspapers (e) The
fat
became agencies of religious reform and public
the
debate in India during the early 19th century.
|CBSE 2012] 46. By the
was tal=
Or
Printing press played a major role, in shaping
the Indian society of the 19th century'. Explain Explair
by giving examples. visual
Ans. (a) Nineteenth century in India was a period of Ans. By the
intense social and religious activity and debates taking
on religious issues, which were carried in public (a) As
and print.
V1:
(b) Newspapers became the vehicle to spread new nu
ideas. A wider section of public could now
m
participate in the public discussions and express
the views. (b) CI
(c) It was also a period of controversies between th
religious reformers and Hindu orthodoxy over bo
questions of Sati, idolatory and monotheism. To ho
support their ideas, Raja Rammohun Roy started (c) B
the Sambad Kaumudiin 1821. Hinduorthodoxy in
published Samachar Chandrika to counter him.
p
(d) In north India, Ulama feared that colonial rulers
would encourage conversions. They used cheap (a) Se
lithographic press and published Urdu and ha
Persian translation of holy scriptures, to counter (e) T
their opinion.

PRACTICE QUESTION BANK

 issued
newspapers (e) The Deoband Seminary, founded in 1867
m and public fatwas to tell the Muslims how to conduct
themselves.
19th century.
46. "By the end of 19th century anew visual
culture
CBSE 2012]
was taking shape." Explain.
Or
le. in shaping
ury'. Explain Explain the effect of print technology on Indian
visual culture in the 19th century. [CBSE 2016]
as a period of Ans. By the end of 19" century, a new visual culture was
ty and debates taking shape in India.
arried in public
(a) As printing presses were set up in large number,
visual images could also be produced in large
to spread new number. Raja Ravi Varma produced images for
ic could now
mass circulation.
ns and express
(6) Cheap prints and calendars were available in
ersies between the market, in large number and they could be
rthodoxy over bought by the poor to decorate the walls of their
nonotheism. To houses or shops or place of work.
un Roy started (c) By 1870s, caricatures and cartoons were published
indu orthodoxy
ocounter him. innewspapers and magazines, raising social and
colonial rulers political issues.
hey used cheap (d) Some cartoons ridiculed the educated Indians
hed Urdu and having a penchant for western tastes and clothes.
ures, to counter (e) There were nationalist cartoons criticis1ng
imperial rule.
BANK
 Uto a
debates andvast literate opening the
ine
(c) It encouraged Titua
e015| texts and
di
encouraged freedom
important issues scussio ns
of
popul
on ation.
writ eonn
of th
challe
.. How did print bring
41.
the opinion Writin
Jace public closer? reading public and hearing widei
the be
ten
Or |CBSE 2915) trans
Mention the factors week
Cw which were
1of
creating avirtual reading
Or
responsible for
mania in Europe.
of hi
new
ns.
ideas
nd How did a new reading
printing press? Explain. public emerge with the nA Lo
cd Or Ty
nd How had the printing press heated a new
culture 44. How
of reading in Europe? Explain with
n
examples. in th
|Ajmer 2019
er Ans. With the printing press, a new reading public
C
emerged. The
(a) Printing reduced the cost of books.
of pr
(b) The time and labour to produce each book came
down. Multiple copies could be produced easily.
Ans. (a)
(c) Books flooded the market, reaching out to an
ever growing readership. (b)
(d) Common people could not read books earlier,
only the elite could. Common people heard a
story or saw a performance collectively.
(e) The rate of literacy in European countries was
also low till the 2Oth century. Publishers reached
out to people by making them listen to books (c)
being read out.
) Printers published popular ballads and tolktales,
profusely illustrated. These were then sung
gatherings in taverns in
and recited at village entered print and printed ()
towns.Oral culture thus
transmitted. Hearing and
material was orally (any three)
reading public, thus became one.
book. Why?
42. Not everyone welcomed the printed
welcomed by those who had
Ans. Printed books were not (e)
fears about it.
available
very thinkers such as Thomas Paine, Voltaire and Jear
Jacques Rousseau were widely read.
i by (c) Many scholars believe that print helped to spread
ideas, which led to reformation
pe?
movements.
Manyhistorians believe that print culture created
ich. conditions within which French Revolution
occurred.
bes.
ich 38. In which three ways did the printed books at frst
ock closely resemble the written manuscripts?
oks (CBSE 2015|
uld Or
ioy Why did the new technology not entirely displace
g. the existing art of producing books by hand?
he Ans. The printed books closely resembled the written
manuscripts in appearance and layout. The new
ar technology did not entirely displace the existing art of
producing books by hand due to the following reasons.
(a) The metal letters imitated the onamental hand
styles.
(b) Borders in printed books were illuminated
4) by hand with foliage and other patterns and
bt illustrations were painted.
(c) In the books for the rich, space for decoration
e was kept blank on the printed page. After
each purchaser had chosen the design then the
e
painting schoolwould do the illustrations. So new
technologydid not entirely displace the existing
art of producing books by hand.
e
39. Explain the main features of the first printed Bible.
a
Ans. Main features of the first printed Bible were:
(a) About ]80 copi of the Bible were printed and
 Ans. As handwritten books were
expensive, only the rich,
the aristocrats and the Church
The seribes wrote only for
could employ scribes.
aristocratic circles and rich 38. In
monastic libraries, With the comingof the woodblock clo
printing, merchants and traders started buying books
in large numbers, with the result that
booksellers could
afford to hire scribes. One bookseller could employ W
S0 scribes due to the new
technology in printing. th
It was no longer the monopoly of the rich and the
Ans. TH
influential. m
36. Why did the woodblock method become popular te
in Europe? [KVS] pr
Or (a
Mention the shortcomings of manuscripts. (6
|CBSE 2012, 2014]
Ans. (a) Production ofhandwritten manuscripts could not
meet the ever increasing demand for books.
(b) Copying was an expensive, laborious and time
consuming business.
(c) The manuscriptswere fragile, awkward to handle
and could not be carried around or read easily.
37. Who was Gutenberg? How did he invent the
39. E
printing press? How did his invention bring a
Ans, V
revolution in the field of printing ideas?
Ans. Johann Gutenberg was a German. He is
with the invention of printing press, in the
credited
1430s.
Gutenberg grew up on a large agricultural estate and
had knowledge andexperience in
wine press. Subsequently he learntoperating
the art of
olive and
 24. Define despotism'.
Ans. It is a system of governance where an (b) Te
exercises absolute power without any individual
legal and
In

constitutional checks. Im

25. What type of publication was meant for (c) Fre

Ans. Penny magazines and manuals that taught
women? Car

and proper behaviour.

housekeeping up
32. Howw
26 What was the contribution of Richard M. Hoe of citie
the art of printing?
Ans. Richard M. Hoe of New York perfected the power By the
driven cylindrical press. It could print 8000 sheets China
per hour. It was useful for printing newspapers.
Ans. With t
27Ahatwere Shilling Series? becam
Ans. In the early 20th century, popular works in England print.
were sold in cheap series called the Shilling Series. collec
in thei
28. Name any three languages in which India had a readir
rich and old tradition of handwritten manuscripts. plays
Ans. Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian and various other vernacular Wom
languages. also i
autob
29.Name two Persian newspapers which were work
published from 1822 onwards.
Ans. The Persian newspapers were
publi
Wrote
(a) Jan-l-Jahan Nama 33. Desc
(b) Shamsul Akhbar
GA Short Answer Ans. Budc
Type Questions 3Marks hand
AD
a world without
30, It is difficult for us to imagine
AD8
matter. Justify the statement giving any SIX sh
Ireform 15. Who were scribes?
Ans. Skilled persons who used to write manuscript for the
publishers were called scribes.
us Hickey persecuted by
en Hastings? 16. Why could not manuscriptssatisfy the increasing
Fengal Gazette demand of books in Europe during fourteenth
bf gossip about company's
century? |CBSE 2018(C]
Ans. They were handwritten and costly. Writing them was
ndard material a time consuming process.
17. What were ballads? [CBSE 2014|
Ans. Ballads are historical accounts or folk tales in the
form of verses which were sung or recited.
18. What are taverns?
Column B
Earlier name of Tokyo Ans. Taverns are places where people gather to drink
alcohol, to eat food and meet friends and exchange
First printed book news.
published in Europe
Pocket size cheap book 19. What was the basis of widespread criticism of the
new printed literature?
Handwritten original Ans. Spread of rebellious and irreligious thoughts that
text

Printing Press would destroy the authority of religious authorities

and monarchs.
iv). D - (), E -(ii)
20. What were the heretical'
he ultimate gift of God ideas according to the
Roman Church?
Ans. Heretical ideas were the
beliefs which do not follow
bout a new intellectual the accepted teachings of the Church.
dthe new ideas that
ledA. What were almanacs?
Ans. An annual
publication giving
information about the movement ofastronomical data,
the sun and moon,
new cultureof dialogue timing of full tides and eclipse etc.
M. What were
Ans. chapbooks? |CBSE 2014]
nteenth andeighteenth Chapbooks were pocket size books that were sold
up in most parts of travelling pedlars called chapmen. by
23. What were
Mis. Biliotheque Blue in France?
"Biliotheque Blue' were priced books, printed on
cheap paper and bound inlowblue
cover in France.