Acknowl

edgement

Iti
sani ncidentofgreatpleasur
ef orussubmitti
ngthis
Microproject.Wetaket hi
sopportunitytoexpr
essour
deepsenseof gr
ati
tudeandgr eatthankstoourguide
Lect.
P.Mal odemam
andHOD. MR.H. Khamkar .
Whohasbeenaconst antsource
ofourguidanceandi nspi
rati
onoft houghtswewill
always
begrateful t
othem forencouragementandsuggest ion
giv
enbyt hem f r
om timet oti
me.
Weshouldli
ketothankallt
heteachi
ngmembersof
El
ectr
ical
Engineer
ingDepart
mentandsi
nceret
hanksto
ourPr
inci
palDr.R.
P.Mogr
eSirwhoalwaysi
nspi
reus.
Wearealsot
hankful
toourfri
endsandli
braryst
aff
memberswhoseencouragesuggesti
onhelpedusto
compl
eteourMicr
oProj
ect.
Pr
oject
ee….
..

Pal
laviAwachat
Bhagyashr
ibhagvat
Raj
dipbutl
ey
 Annex
ure–I

1.
0Ai
m oft
heMi
cro-
Proj
ect
:
Tost
udyt
her
enewabl
eener
gy

2.
0CourseOutcomesAddr essed
a)Todetai
lsstudyofr
enewableenergy
b)Tostudytheprobl
em r
elatedtor
enewabl
eener
gy

3.
0Pr
oposedMet
hodol
ogy

i
.Wedi
scussedt
het
opi
candev
eryoneshar
ethei
rdi
ff
erentv
iews
ont
het
opi
cofrenewabl
eenergy

i
i.
Weusedt
het
rust
edBooksourcesf
ori
nfor
mat
ionl
i
ke.
Env
ironment

i
i
i.
Wecoll
ectedthei
nfor
mationaboutthetopi
cofr
enewable
energy
.
i
.Wealsorefer
redtheworl
dwi deaccept
edandopti
mized
i
nter
netplat
form Googl
efor
moreaccurateinf
ormati
on.

Wediscussedt
hepr
ocedureofMi
croprojectwit
hourgui
ded
P.
Mal
idemam Andunderst
oodtheconceptofrenewabl
eener
gy
 Annexur
ell
PARTB–Mi
cro-
Proj
ectRepor
t.

Ti
tl
eofMi
cro-
Proj
ect
:pr
epar
ear
epor
tonRenewabl
eener
gy

nt
1)I r
oduct
ion

Renewabl eenergycomesfr
om unlimi
ted,
natural
l
yrepleni
shed
resources,suchasthesun,
tides,
andwind.Renewableenergycanbe
usedforelectri
cit
ygener
ati
on,spaceandwaterheat
ingandcooling,
andtransportat
ion.

Non-
renewableener
gy,
incont
rast
,comesf
rom f
ini
tesour
ces,
suchas
coal
,nat
uralgas,
andoil
.

0.
2. Ai
ms/
Benef
it
soft
heMi
croPr
oject
:

Renewabl
eener
gyoffer
snumerouseconomi
c,env
ironment
al,
and
soci
aladv
ant
ages.Thesei
ncl
ude:

 Reducedcar bonemi ssionsandai rpolluti

onfrom energy
production
 Enhancedr eli
abil
i
ty,securit
y,andr esi
lienceofthepowergri
d
 Jobcreat i
onthrought heincreasedpr oducti
onand
manuf acturi
ngofrenewabl eener gytechnologies
I ncr
easedU. S.energyindependence
 Lowerener gycosts
 Expandedener gyaccessf orr emote,coastal,
orisol
ated
communi t
ies.

2.
0Cour
seOut
comesAchi
eved:
-

a)Todet
ail
sst
udyt
her
enewabl
eener
gy.
b)Tof
indt
hepr
obl
em aboutr
enewabl
eener
gy
5.
0Act
ual
Met
hodol
ogyf
oll
owed

Tocr eateami cropr oj

ectongui deliner equiredf orgoodpr esent ati
on
fi
rstlywef indt hetopicofmi cropr ojectaf t
ercol l
ectingorr equired
mat er i
al.west ar
tedourwor kwev i
sitsomanywebsi tef orcol l
ection
extrai nformat ionaboutt hegivenmi cropr oj
ect .Fi r
stly,visitedon
Googl eandst art
edsear chi
ngi nformat i
onaf tersomet imewegotone
PDFbasedonenv ironmentancomponent swet aket hisPDFand
startedcr eatingourmi croproject.Isgr oupmemberdi vi
dedt hewor k
andonspeci ficdatewecol l
ectdat af rom eachgr oupmember .From all
memberwegotsomeusef ul i
nformat ionf orcr eat i
ngourmi croproject
.
Wecol lectallinformat i
onandmer gei ntoonePPTt ogetourmi cr
o
projectr eady.
Thenweofal lreferedsomebookandal sosear chonI nternet
rel
at edt oourmi croproject,
uset hi sinformat ionf orcr eationofour
mi cropr oject.Thenwest art
edwr it
ingar epor tofpr oject
Whati
srenewabl
eener
gy?

Renewabl
eener
gyi
sener
gyder
ivedf
rom nat
uralsour
cest
hat
ar
erepl
eni
shed ata hi
gherr
atet
han t
hey ar
e consumed.
Sunl
i
ghtand wi
nd,f
orexampl
e,ar
e such sour
ces t
hatar
e
const
ant
lybei
ng r
epl
eni
shed.Renewabl
eener
gysour
cesar
e
pl
ent
if
ulandal
lar
oundus.

Fossi
lfuel
s-coal
,oi
landgas-ont
heot
herhand,
arenon-
r
enewabl
esour
cest
hatt
akehundr
edsofmi
l
li
onsofy
ear
stof
orm.
Fossi
lfuel
s,whenbur
nedt
opr
oduceener
gy,
causehar
mful
gr
eenhousegasemi
ssi
ons,
suchascar
bondi
oxi
de.

Gener
ati
ngr
enewabl
eener
gycr
eat
esf
arl
oweremi
ssi
onst
han
bur
ning f
ossi
lfuel
s.Tr
ansi
ti
oni
ngf
rom f
ossi
lfuel
s,whi
chcur
rent
ly
accountf
ort
hel
i
on’
sshar
eofemi
ssi
ons,
tor
enewabl
eener
gyi
skey
t
oaddr
essi
ngt
hecl
i
mat
ecr
isi
s.
Manydifferentf
orm ofrenewabl
eener
gy
1.solarenergy
2.Windener gy
3.Geothermalenergy
4.Hydr opowerenergy
5.Oceanener gy
 SOLARENERGY
1.

Sol
arener
gyi
sthemostabundantofal
lener
gy
resourcesandcanev enbeharnessedi
ncl oudyweather.
Ther ateatwhichsol
arenergyisi
nter
ceptedbytheEar t
h
i
sabout10, 000timesgreat
erthantherat
eatwhi ch
humanki ndconsumesenergy.

Solartechnologiescandeli
verheat,cool
ing,natural
l
ighti
ng, elect
ri
city
,andfuelsforahostofapplications.
Solartechnologiesconver
tsunlighti
ntoelectr
icalenergy
eit
herthr oughphotovol
tai
cpanel sorthr
oughmi r
rors
thatconcent r
atesolarr
adiati
on.

Alt
houghnotallcount
riesareequal
l
yendowedwi t
hsolar
energy
,asigni
fi
cantcontri
buti
ontotheener
gymixf r
om
di
rectsol
arenergyispossi
bleforever
ycount
ry.

Thecostofmanuf actur
ingsolarpanel
shaspl ummet ed
dramat icall
yinthelastdecade,makingthem notonly
affordablebutof t
enthecheapestf or
m ofelectr
ici
ty.
Solarpanel shaveal i
fespanofroughly30y ear
s,and
comei nv ar
iet
yofshadesdependi ngont hetypeof
mat eri
al usedinmanuf actur
ing.
WI
NDENERGY
Wi ndenergyhar nessest hekinet
icenergyofmov ingairby
usinglargewi ndturbineslocatedonland( onshore)ori
n
sea-orf r
eshwat er(offshore)
.Windener gyhasbeenused
formi l
l
enni a,
butonshor eandoffshor
ewi ndenergy
technologieshav eev ol
vedov ert
helastfewy earsto
maxi mizetheelectricit
yproduced-witht allert
urbinesand
l
ar gerrot
ordiamet ers.

Thoughav er
agewi ndspeedsv ar
yconsiderabl
ybylocati
on,
thewor l
d’st
echnicalpot
enti
alforwi
ndener gyexceeds
globalel
ectr
ici
typroduct
ion,andamplepot ent
ial
exist
sin
mostregionsofthewor l
dtoenablesignif
icantwindenergy
deploy
ment .

Manypar tsoft
hewor l
dhavest
rongwindspeeds,
butthe
bestlocati
onsf
orgenerat
ingwi
ndpoweraresomet i
mes
remoteones.Offshor
ewindpowerof
ferstr
emendous
potenti
al.
 GEOTHERMALENERGY

Geothermal
energyuti
li
zestheaccessi
blet
her
mal energy
from t
heEart
h’si
nter
ior
.Heatisextr
actedf
rom geothermal
reser
voir
susingwell
sorothermeans.

Reser
voirsthatarenatural
lysuff
ici
entl
yhotandper meable
ar
ecalledhy drot
hermalreserv
oirs,
whereasreserv
oirsthat
ar
esuf f
ici
ent l
yhotbutthatareimprovedwit
hhy dr
aulic
st
imulati
onar ecall
edenhancedgeot her
malsystems.

Onceatt hesurf
ace,fluidsofvari
oust emperaturescanbe
usedtogener at
eelectri
city
.Thet echnol
ogyf orelect
rici
ty
generat
ionfrom hy
dr othermalreservoi
rsi
smat ureand
rel
iabl
e,andhasbeenoper ati
ngf ormorethan100y ears

r
Hy
dropower
Hy dropowerharnessest heenergyofwatermov i
ngf r
om
highertolowerelevati
ons.Itcanbegener atedfr
om
reservoir
sandr i
vers.Reservoi
rhydropowerplantsrel
yon
storedwat eri
nar eservoir
,whil
erun-of
-r
iverhydropower
plantsharnessenergyfr om t
heav ai
l
ableflowoft her
iver
.

Hydropowerreservoir
softenhavemul t
ipl
euses-provi
ding
dri
nkingwater,
wat erfori
rri
gat
ion,
floodanddroughtcontr
ol,
navi
gationser
vices,aswellasenergysupply
.

Hydropowercurr
entlyist
helargestsourceofrenewable
energyi
ntheelectr
icit
ysect
or.Itrel
iesongenerall
ystabl
e
rai
nfal
lpat
terns,
andcanbenegat iv
elyimpact
edbycl i
mate-
i
nduceddroughtsorchangestoecosy st
emswhi chimpact
rai
nfal
lpat
terns.

Theinfr
astructur
eneededt ocreat
ehydropowercanal so
i
mpactonecosy stemsinadverseways.Forthisr
eason,
manyconsi dersmall-
scal
ehy dr
oamor eenvironmentall
y-
fri
endl
yoption,andespecial
lysuit
abl
eforcommuni ti
esin
remotelocati
ons.
OCEANENERGY

Oceanenergyderi
vesfr
om t
echnologi
esthatuset
heki
net
ic
andthermalener
gyofseawater-wavesorcurr
ent
sfor
i
nstance-toproduceel
ectr
ici
tyorheat
.

Oceanener gysystemsaresti
ll
atanear l
ystageof
development ,wi
thanumberofpr ototy
pewav eandti
dal
currentdevicesbei
ngexplor
ed.Thet heoret
icalpot
enti
alf
or
oceanener gyeasil
yexceedspresenthumanener gy
requirements.
 BI
OENERGY

Bioenergyisproducedfrom avari
etyofor ganicmat eri
als,
call
edbi omass,suchaswood, charcoal,dungandot her
manur esforheatandpowerpr oduction,andagricultural
cropsforliqui
dbiofuel
s.Mostbiomassi susedi nr uralareas
forcooking,li
ghti
ngandspaceheat ing,generall
ybypoor er
populati
onsi ndevel
opingcountr
ies.

Modernbiomasssyst
emsincl
udededi
cat
edcropsortrees,
r
esiduesfr
om agr
icul
tur
eandfor
est
ry,
andvar
iousorganic
wastestr
eams.

Energycreatedbybur
ningbiomasscr
eat
esgreenhousegas
emissions,butatl
owerl ev
elsthanburni
ngfossilfuel
s
l
ikecoal,
oilorgas.Howev er,bi
oener gyshouldonlybe
usedinli
mitedapplicati
ons, giv
enpot ent
ialnegat
ive
envir
onmentalimpact srelat
edt olarge-scale
i
ncreasesinforestandbi oenergyplant at
ions,and
resul
ti
ngdeforestat
ionandl and- usechange.
 6.
0Out
putoft
hemi
cropr
oject

Wecol
1. l
ectt
hei
nfor
mat
ionaboutenv
ironment
2.
Mai
ntainthedif
fer
entty
pesofr enewabl
eener
gy
3.
Todetai
lsstudi
esaboutenv
ironment

7.
0 Ski
l
lDev
eloped/
lear
ningoutoft
hisMi
cro-
Proj
ect
:

1) Aspr
ojectwast
ochal
l
engi
ngwemai
ntai
npat
ience
2) ManySof
tski
l
lsdev
elopedi
nusbydoi
ngt
hisMi
cro-
proj
ect
.
3) Team wor
kski
l
ldev
elopedi
nus.
4) Wel
ear
ntodomodel
5) Wel
ear
nhowt
oov
ercomehar
dti
mesdur
ingper
iodof
mi
cropr
oject
6) Weal
sol
ear
nhowt
opr
epar
emi
cro-
proj
ectr
epor
taswel
las
Pr
oposal
.

8.
0Appl
i
cat
ionofmi
cropr
oject
Lear
ntheal
lthepurposeandi
mpor
tantofdi
ff
erentt
ypesof
r
enewabl
eenergybyt
heenvir
onment