Oceans Gray PDF Download
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Oceans Gray Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Gray, Samantha
ISBN(s): 9781465418524, 1465418520
Edition: American edition
File Details: PDF, 16.47 MB
Year: 2015
Language: english
LONDON, NEW YORK, MELBOURNE,
Contents
MUNICH, and DELHI
Sunlit zone
A red arrow pointing to
the top area of this picture
indicates sea creatures living
in the sunlit zone. Sunlight
reaches down to about 650 ft (200 m) deep.
Most sea creatures live in sunlit water.
Sunlight reaches through shallow seas
and the upper waters of the open ocean.
Midnight zone
A red arrow pointing to the lowest area
of this picture indicates sea creatures
living in the midnight zone. No sunlight
reaches below 3,300 ft (1,000 m), so the
midnight zone is pitch black and freezing
cold. The deepest parts of the ocean may
be more than 13,000 ft (4,000 m) deep.
This far down is known as the abyss.
There are also trenches where the ocean There is little food
in the midnight zone,
is deeper than 20,000 ft (6,000 m).
but the fangtooth’s huge
mouth allows it to vacuum up
anything that comes its way.
The blue planet The Pacific Ocean covers
more than one-third of
the Earth’s surface.
Oceans cover more than two-thirds of
the Earth’s surface. In this vast underwater
world, many sea creatures live together,
often hidden beneath the waves.
Sea turtles
There are many types of sea
creature, including reptiles
such as turtles. These have to
rise to the surface to breathe.
They breathe air through
their nostrils.
Plankton
The sunlit ocean
teems with tiny
life-forms called
plankton. These
are a vital food
source for many
sea creatures.
Opening
Shapes and sizes to gills
of scales vary in
different fish.
Swim like a fish!
Fish swim like snakes wriggle. Their bodies
form S-shaped curves. Most fish use their tails
for the main push forward. A few row
themselves along with their fins.
Dogfish wiggle
Lesser spotted dogfish from side to side.
9
Fantastic fish
Fish can be weird and wonderful!
They vary in size from tiny sea
horses to giant manta rays. Some
have unusual shapes that help
them to hide or scare off predators.
Prickly beauty
Manta rays flap with Lionfish have striped bodies
wide, winglike fins to warn away other fish.
and glide through
the water.
Any predator that bites
a lionfish will be pierced
by poisonous spines.
Gentle giants
The vast, flat bodies of manta rays blend
in with the mud and sand of the seabed.
Despite their size, manta rays are gentle
creatures. They eat mainly plankton.
A puffed-up
A relaxed porcupine fish, porcupine
with its spines lying flat fish has
Colorful ribbon raised spines.
Ribbon eels can coil
themselves into crevices
that seem too small for
their long bodies. They
have sharp teeth for
seizing prey. re like snakes! Slimy, slippery skin
h mo
c
mu
o ok
l
y
the
but
avoid predators by
looking like seaweed.
Their other name is
weedy sea dragons.
11
Jellyfish
Adrift in the oceans
since prehistoric times,
jellyfish are more than
95 percent water. They
have no brains, bones, hearts, or
eyes. Their stinging tentacles act
like fishing lines to catch prey.
Dinner is served
Long tentacles trail
from the jellyfish’s body.
When a small animal swims
into the tentacles, the jellyfish
spears it with poisonous stings.
OCEAN DRIFTER
In warmer parts of the world, the
Portuguese man-of-war drifts on
Underwater umbrella
the surface of the waves. It is Jellyfish have soft bodies
held up by a balloonlike float. called bells. The bell moves
A relative of jellyfish, it is also in and out like an umbrella
called blue jellyfish. It catches opening and closing.
fish in its long tentacles. These
shoot tiny stings into any animal
This drives the
that touches them. People are jellyfish along.
sometimes stung by Portuguese
men-of-war. The stings are not
fatal to people, but they are
very painful!
Jellyfish may look
like a parachute but
they are probably
ur
G
fac
e on
dark n
Up, up, and away
Jellyfish are attracted
igh
to light even though
they have no eyes.
ts have bee
They swim toward the
water’s surface. This
keeps them within
nm range of food.
istak
Fishy words
en
Ghostly glow
Many jellyfish are nearly
transparent. Some also
produce their own light,
so that they glow in dark
water. They may only do
this when disturbed.
13
Spectacular sharks
Sharks are survivors! They
have lived in the world’s Sleek and streamlined
A strong swimmer, the sandbar
oceans since prehistoric shark slices through the ocean
times. The largest of at high speed. It swims vast
all fish, they have muscular bodies, distances, traveling to find
food in warmer waters as
good hearing, and a keen the seasons change.
sense of smell
for sniffing
out food.
Underwater leopards
Leopard sharks are named for their
golden, spotted skin. This is good
camouflage on the seabed where they
search for their favorite food—clams.
A hammerhead shark’s head
is shaped like a hammer.
Swimming
lesson
A baby whale
is called a calf.
Humpback calves
swim close to their
mothers. It takes
time for the calf
to become a
strong swimmer.
What is a baleen whale? Killer teeth
Humpback whales are baleen whales. Killer whales are toothed whales.
Instead of teeth, they have baleen Small, sharp teeth allow them to
plates. They gulp water and strain grab fish and other prey. Killer
it out through the baleen, trapping whales are also called orcas. They
tiny animals. live in social groups called pods.
Leapin
g out of
th e water is called breaching.
Blue whale
Human
Killer whale
Playful dolphins
Dolphins are small, toothed whales. Intelligent
and curious, they are friendly toward people.
They have even rescued shipwreck survivors
and helped them back to shore! Speedy
swimmers, dolphins race along with long, low leaps.
This is called “porpoising.”
th th e ir flippers to make friends.
ther wi
e a ch o
troke
s s
in
lph
o
D
Dolphin talk
Using a language of clicks and squeaks, pods of
dolphins find their way around the ocean. They
organize fish hunts by sending messages to each
other. To stun fish, they may make very loud noises!
18
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