World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology

International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering

Vol:3, No:8, 2009

Roundness Deviation Measuring Strategy at

Coordination Measuring Machines and
Conventional Machines
Lenka Ocenasova, Bartosz Gapinski, Robert Cep, Linda Gregova, Branimir Barisic,
Jana Novakova, and Lenka Petrkovska

measuring devices [1, 10, and 11].

International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:3, No:8, 2009 waset.org/Publication/14798

Abstract—Today technological process makes possible surface Self measuring and evaluation do not quantify deviation
control of producing parts which is needful for product quality value, but obtain information usable at surface creation –
guarantee. Geometrical structure of part surface includes form, machining with goal of correct and improve technological
proportion, accuracy to shape, accuracy to size, alignment and
processes [2, 12]. For roundness deviation measuring are
surface topography (roughness, waviness, etc.). All these parameters
are dependence at technology, production machine parameters, usable different methods and measuring equipments, from
material properties, but also at human, etc. Every parameters universal up to very special measuring devices [3, 4].
approves at total part accuracy, it is means at accuracy to shape. One Universal and special measuring equipment are differs by
of the most important accuracy to shape element is roundness. This uncertainty, price and measuring time. Special apparatus are
paper will be deals by comparison of roughness deviations at quick, but they can measure only one deviation (parameter).
coordination measuring machines and at special single purpose Universal devices can measure many parameters, but with low
machines. Will describing measuring by discreet method uncertainty. Big advantage is that we can measure other
(discontinuous) and scanning method (continuous) at coordination properties (size, shape, surface, etc.).
measuring machines and confrontation with reference method using
Big care is about coordination measuring machines (CMM)
at single purpose machines.
today. These machines have wide usability and they are quick
and precise. On basis of that we can assert that CMM can
Keywords—Coordinating Measuring Machines (CMM),
measure together with production [5].
Measuring Strategy, Roughness Deviation, Accuracy.

II. CURRENT STATE ANALYSIS

I. INTRODUCTION Coordination Measuring Machines (CMM) performs
measuring at plane or space. Basis of geometrical data
A T current competition, producers offer higher part for
lower price, because would like to be keep at
marketplace. On base of this, company must develop their
calculate are position data. From these positions are determine
substitute part geometry. For all elements are determine
minimal number of points which is necessary for alternative
products at technological (production) and quality
geometry generation. There are two standard measuring
(metrological) aspect. At this paper was chosen problems of
methods are using at roundness deviation: continuous
roundness deviation measurement. It has big meaning at (scanning) and discontinuous (discrete). Continuous method is
bearing rolls production and it is one of most monitoring individual mode, where results are position data values
parameter of surface quality. Together with surface roughness consecutive at measuring surface [7]. Measuring provides
affects vibration and quality of whole device. High attention is more detail information about workpiece and measuring
dedicated to valuation of measuring methods and using of surface. There is shorter distance between points at continuous
method (Fig. 1), like at discontinuous method. But measuring
time is longer. This method has advantage in equivalent results
L. Ocenasova is with the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB –
at repeatable measuring and during change position of
Technical University of Ostrava, 708 33 Czech Republic (corresponding
author to provide phone: +420 59 732 4396; fax: +420 59 691 6490 e-mail: measured part. At discontinuous method are points reading
lenka.ocenasova@ vsb.cz). separately at measuring surface (Fig. 2). Results are relatively
R. Cep, J. Novakova, L. Petrkovska are with the Faculty of Mechanical inaccurate and do not provide full information’s about shape
Engineering, VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic (e- and size of measured surface. Requirement of right measuring
mail: robert.cep@vsb.cz, jana.novakova.fs@vsb.cz,
lenka.petrkovska@vsb.cz). is right set up of measured part. Repeatable measuring of
B. Gapinski is with the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Poznan workpieces with shape mistakes and carried with low point
University of Technology, Poland (e-mail: bartosz.gapinski@tu.poznan.pl). numbers leads to various results [9].
L. Gregova Is with the Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies wuth seat
in Presov, TU in Kosice, Slovakia (e-mail: linda.gregova@tuke.sk).
B. Barisic is with the Engineering Faculty, University of Rijeka, Croatia
(e-mail: barisic@riteh.hr).

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 3(8) 2009 964 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/14798
 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering
Vol:3, No:8, 2009

Fig.1 Point scanning by continuous method

Fig. 4 Measuring probe SP 25 M-1

Measuring Conditions
Accuracy of CMM at 18–20°C, max 1 K/h: MPEE =
Fig. 2 Point scanning by discontinuous method at CMM [8] 1,5+L/333 µm ; (L is in mm), MPEP = 1,5 µm;
International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:3, No:8, 2009 waset.org/Publication/14798

Temperature: 20°C; software: PC DMIS CAD++;

Results of roundness measuring are affection by next filter: GAUSS;
factors: number of measuring points, distribution of points and Reference circles: LSC, MZC, MIC, MCC;
choice assembling element. Standard ISO 6318 provides next diameter of measured part: φ 44,5 mm;
four assembling elements: Least Square Circle (LSC), Minimal Diameter of measuring contact: φ 5 mm;
Circumscribed Circle (MCC), Maximal Inscribed Circle measuring part: cylinder.
(MIC), and Minimum Zone Circles (MZC). Measured workpiece was equal by 5 cuts. Measuring was
carried at radial cut at z = 10,36 mm from parts front.
III. EXPERIMENTAL SET UP Roundness deviation was measured by continuous (scanning)
Measuring of roundness deviation was realization by method for LSC, MZC, MIC, MCC. Number of scanning point
continuous and discontinuous method at CMM and was on mm: 1point/mm, 5points/mm, 10points/mm, 20points/mm
compare with continuous method at special device Talyrond at arc measure 30 times and measured results was statistical
73 from Taylor Hobson. Results from Talyrond 73 will be processing by standard uncertainty type A. Results are at Fig.
reference measured roundness deviation. 5.

Measuring by Continuous Method at CMM

Roundness deviations were measured at coordination 0,04000

measuring machine DEA Global – IMAGE clima (Fig. 3) from

∆Z [mm]

0,03900

DEA company and was using measuring probe SP 25M-1 (Fig. 0,03800
Roundness deviation ∆

4). Measuring was realized at Poznan University of 0,03700

Technology, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Poland. 0,03600

0,03500
LSC
MZC
0,03400
MIC
MCC
0,03300
1p/mm 5p/mm 10p/mm 20p/mm

Number of measuring [--]

Fig. 5 Comparison of roundness deviation for - 1b/mm, 5b/mm,

10b/mm, 20b/mm(for LSC, MZC, MIC, MCC)

During measuring by continuous method are roundness

deviation increase in depended of point numbers on 1 mm.
There is progress of deviations at different numbers of point is
on Fig. 7. There is valid, that with increasing point numbers
are better measuring and roundness deviation is more
objectively.

Measuring by Discontinuous Method at CMM

Fig. 3 DEA Global – IMAGE clima Roundness deviations were measured at the same CMM but
were usage measuring probe TP 200.

International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 3(8) 2009 965 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/14798
 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering
Vol:3, No:8, 2009

Accuracy of CMM at 18–20°C, max 1 K/h: MPEE = Conditions of Measurement

1,5+L/333 µm ; (L is in mm), MPEP = 1,7 µm;
accuracy of the device uP: 0,02 µm;
Diameter of measuring contact: φ 4 mm; ambient temperature: 21°C;
There were increasing numbers of measuring points at software: ROFORM;
workpiece. Measuring were at 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 points filter: GAUSS, 2-10000;
30 times and measured results were processing statistically for fitting elements according ISO 6318: Least Square Circle
standard uncertainly type A. Results are at Fig. 6. (LSC), Minimal Circumscribed Circle (MCC), Maximal
Inscribed Circle (MIC), Minimum Zone Circles (MZC).

0,05000
The results were statistically processed - according to the
0,04500
standard uncertainty of type A. In Table I are reported results
Roundness deviation ∆ Z [mm]

0,04000 roundness deviations for the continuous method of the fitting

0,03500 element: LSC, MZC, MIC, MCC. The most commonly used
0,03000
fitting element is the Least Square Circle, which is
0,02500
inappropriate in many cases, especially for moving joints with
International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:3, No:8, 2009 waset.org/Publication/14798

0,02000

0,01500
narrow tolerance. The Gaussian method gives the „mean”
LSC
0,01000
MZC
shape of the measured detail. When the measured circle is to
0,00500 MIC
MCC
cooperate in narrow tolerance, the measurement with Minimal
0,00000
4 8 16 32 64 128 256
Circumscribed Circle (MCC) or Maximal Inscribed Circle
Number of measuring[--] (MIC) should be performed. [10, 11]
TABLE I
Fig. 6 Comparison of roundness deviation for 4 ÷ 256 points THE AVERAGE VALUES OF ROUNDNESS DEVIATIONS FOR CONTINUOUS
(for LSC, MZC, MIC, MCC) MEASUREMENT

Number of
measuring
Evaluation

We can see that up to 16 point was measured deviation with

Method:

MCC
MZC

Units
MIC
LSC
more intensity. After that is increasing slower and with more
stability. Of course with increasing numbers of points is
roundness deviation higher and decreasing result dispersion.
With increasing number of measuring are higher time and The 37,2 33,9 33,9 34,6 30 [mm]
price costs. From measured results we can see that most arithmetic
effectively is measuring at 32 points where roundness average
deviation at the same value and time charge is relatively low. ∆Z :
Uncertainty 0,028 0,047 0,047 0,063 30 [mm]
Continuous (Scanning) Measurement Methods for uA :
Special Equipment
Roundness deviation was measured on a special measuring On the based of measured results can be state that the
device - Talyrond 73 from Taylor-Hobson (Fig. 7). For roundness deviation in the individual positions are not
measuring device was roundness deviation measured of significantly different. The results roundness deviations are
continuous - the absolute method. The device works on the considered as reference values of the fitting elements: LSC,
principle of turning the spindle. Measurement is done in a MZC, MIC, MCC.
laboratory of 3D measurement at the Department of machining
and automation and the Department of design and machine Comparison of Measurement Methods
element, Faculty of mechanical engineering - University of The results of the measurements for the evaluation of
Zilina in Zilina, Slovakia. Component was measured 30-times roundness deviations for continuous and discontinuous
in the same place of cut as in previous cases. methods to the coordinate measuring machine, and continuous
method for special equipment have been processed
statistically. From the statistical processing of data is made
according to the chart roundness deviations from number of
scanned points of the fitting elements: LSC, MZC, MIC, MCC
(Fig. 8). Individual measurements are arranged so that the
values of roundness deviations in the graph in a row followed
by the number of scanned points on the parts.
In all methods of statistical evaluation showed that an
increasing number of measured points in all methods
Fig. 7 Measuring device Talyrond 73 and measured part roundness deviation increases (Fig. 8) and it is found the value
of roundness deviation objective. The measured component of

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 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering
Vol:3, No:8, 2009

the above graph shows that in the interval of measured points the correctness of the result. Based on this analysis, we can
256 for non CMM and a method for measuring ÷128 assume that the deviation of circularity seems to be more
20b/mm÷interval points 1b/mm the continuous method for the suitable when application of continuous method. Based on the
CMM, are almost all the results of the measurement methods results achieved in the work we can conclude that co-ordinate
are very similar. Variations of these methods compared to the measuring machines are suitable for measuring roundness
CMM of coupled method - measuring device Talyrond 73, tolerances. It is desirable to keep working on this issue.
which is considered as the reference, are minimal. When
comparing the non circularity deviation method with a ACKNOWLEDGMENT
benchmark the number of measured points 4 and 8, the The authors would like to acknowledge supporting by
measure can be in terms of accuracy and probability theory be Moravian Silesian Region which helped the conference
16 points sensed linear curve is÷considered relevant. In the participation in frame of Support of students and young
interval from 8 rising and beginning to stop at the border until researchers of research and development for year 2009. Also
32 to 64 points may be noted that the measure is not linked to would like to thank you to Czech National CEEPUS Office,
this area of sensed points for measurement of effective and not Poland NCO and Slovak NCO to help the research through
just time but also in economic terms. This applies to the case, mobility in frame of CEEPUS II project.
International Science Index, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Vol:3, No:8, 2009 waset.org/Publication/14798

which was stripped in the article; would examine the other

cases. REFERENCES
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