Z…Zxq Aa¨vq

msL¨v c×wZ
Ávbg~jK cÖkœ
1) bv¤^vi (msL¨v) wK? 8) msL¨v c×wZi wfwË wK?
DËi: msL¨v n‡”Q GKwU Dcv`vb hv †KvbwKQy MYbv, cwigvY Ges DËi: †Kv‡bv msL¨v c×wZi wfwË ev †eR n‡jv H c×wZ‡Z e¨eüZ
cwigvc Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ nq| †hgb- GKv`k †kÖYx‡Z 243 Rb †gvU †gŠwjK wPýmg~‡ni ev mvs‡KwZK wPý¸‡jvi †gvU msL¨v|
QvÎ Av‡Q; GLv‡b 243 GKwU msL¨v|
9) ¯’vbxq gvb
2) wWwRU (AsK) wK? DËi: ‡Kvb GKwU msL¨vi ‡h ¯’v‡b ‡Kvb AsK ev cÖZxKwUi Ae¯’vb
DËi: msL¨v ‰Zwii ¶y`«Zg cÖZxKB n‡”Q AsK| mKj AsK msL¨v Zv‡K ¯’vbxq gvb e‡j|
wKš‘ mKj msL¨v AsK bq| †hgb 243 wZb AsK wewkó GKwU
msL¨v, hv 2, 4 Ges 3 c…_K wZbwU AsK wb‡q MwVZ| hviv 10) evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZ Kx?
cÖ‡Z¨‡KB c…_Kfv‡e G‡KKwU msL¨v| DËi: Bi k‡ãi A_© n‡jv 2 (`yB)| †h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 0 Ges 1
GB `yÕwUgvÎ msL¨v ev AsK e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K evBbvwi msL¨v
3) weU wK? c×wZ e‡j|
DËi: evBbvwi msL¨v c×wZi 0 Ges 1 GB `ywU †gŠwjK wPý‡K weU
e‡j| D`vniY-1101 msL¨vwU‡Z 4 wU weU i‡q‡Q| 11) A±vj msL¨v c×wZ Kx?
DËi: Octa k‡ãi A_© n‡jv 8| †h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 0, 1, 2, 3,
4) evBU wK? 4, 5, 6 Ges 7 GB 8wU †gŠwjK AsK e¨eüZ nq Zv‡K A±¨vj
DËi: AvU we‡Ui MÖæc wb‡q MwVZ nq GKwU evBU| D`vniY msL¨v c×wZ ejv nq|
10,100100 msL¨vwU‡Z 8 wU weU i‡q‡Q hv wg‡j GKwU evBU,
MwVZ n‡q‡Q| 12) ‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v c×wZ Kx?
DËi: Deci k‡ãi A_© n‡jv 10| ‡h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 0, 1, 2,
5) msL¨v c×wZ Kx? 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Ges 9 GB 10wU †gŠwjK AsK e¨eüZ nq
DËi: wewfbœ mvs‡KwZK wPý ev A‡¼i gva¨‡g †Kvb msL¨v †jLv ev Zv‡K `kwgK msL¨v c×wZ ejv nq|
cÖKvk Kivi c×wZ‡KB msL¨v c×wZ ejv nq|
13) ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj msL¨v c×wZ Kx?
6) bb-cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ Kx? DËi: ‡n·v‡Wwm‡gj kãwUi `ywU Ask| GKwU n‡jv †n·v
DËi: †h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv msL¨vq e¨eüZ wPý ev A¼mg~n (Hexa) A_©vr 6 Ges AciwU †Wwm‡gj A_©vr 10 , `y‡Uv wg‡j
†Kv‡bv ¯’vbxq gvb ev Ae¯’v‡bi Dci wbf©i K‡i bv, Zv‡K bb- n‡jv †lvj|
cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ e‡j|
†h msL¨v c×wZ‡Z 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Ges AZtci
GB c×wZ‡Z e¨eüZ cÖZxK ev AsK¸‡jvi cwRkb ev Ae¯’vb A, B, C, D, E I F GB 16wU †gŠwjK AsK e¨eüZ nq Zv‡K
¸iæZ¡ cvq bv| d‡j AsK¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv ¯’vbxq gvb _v‡K bv| ïay ‡n·v‡Wwmgvj msL¨v c×wZ ejv nq|
AsKwUi wbR¯^ gv‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i wnmve-wbKvk Kiv nq|
cÖvPxb hy‡M e¨eüZ nvqv‡ivwM-wd· (Hieroglyphics) msL¨v 14) wPýhy³ msL¨v ev mvBbW b¤^i wK?
c×wZ GKwU bb-cwRkb¨vj msL¨v c×wZi D`vniY| DËi: hLb †Kvb msL¨vi c~‡e© abvZ¥K(+) ev FYvZ¥K(-) wPý
_v‡K ZLb †mB msL¨v‡K wPýhy³ msL¨v ev mvBbW b¤^i ejv nq|
7) cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ Kx?
DËi: †h msL¨v c×wZ cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ msL¨v c×wZ‡Z e¨eüZ 15) wPý weU wK?
msL¨vwUi †gŠwjK wPý, †eR ev wfwË Ges Gi Ae¯’vb ev ¯’vbxqgvb DËi: evBbvwi c×wZ‡Z wPýhy³ msL¨v Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ cÖK…Z
_vK‡Z nq Zv‡K cwRkbvj msL¨v c×wZ e‡j| gv‡bi c~‡e© GKwU AwZwi³ weU †hvM Kiv nq| G AwZwi³ weU‡K
wPý weU e‡j| wPý weU 0 n‡j msL¨vwU abvZ¥K Ges wPýweU 1
AsKmg~‡ni Ae¯’v‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i GB ai‡bi msL¨v c×wZ‡Z n‡j msL¨vwU‡K FYvZ¥K aiv nq|
msL¨vi gvb wbY©q Kiv nq|
16) Avb-mvBbW b¤^i (Unsigned number) wK? 24) wewmwW (BCD) †KvW Kx?
DËi: hw` †Kvb †iwR÷v‡i mvBb weU e¨envi bv Kiv nq Zvn‡j DËi: wewmwW (BCD) k‡ãi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv evBbvwi †Kv‡WW `kwgK
Zv‡K Unsigned number e‡j| (Binary Coded Decimal)| `kwgK (Decimal) msL¨vi
cÖ‡Z¨KwU A¼‡K 4 weU wewkó evBbvwi msL¨vq iƒcvšÍ‡K wewmwW
17) ‡iwR÷vi Kx? †KvW e‡j|
DËi: GK¸”Q wd¬c-d¬c Ges †MB‡Ui mgš^‡q MwVZ mvwK©U hv
A¯’vqx †ggwi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Zv‡K †iwR÷vi e‡j| 25) AvjdvwbD‡gwiK †KvW wK?
DËi: ‡h †Kv‡Wi mvnv‡h¨ msL¨v ev A¼ QvovI eY©, A¼, MvwYwZK
Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU wd¬c-d¬c GKwU K‡i evBbvwi weU msi¶Y Ki‡Z wPý Ges we‡kl wPý‡K evBbvwi web¨v‡mi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv hvq
cv‡i| n we‡Ui GKwU evBbvwi Z_¨ avi‡Yi Rb¨ n msL¨K wd¬c- Zv‡K AvjdvwbD‡gwiK †KvW e‡j|
d¬c wewkó GKwU †iwR÷vi cÖ‡qvRb|
A_ev Aÿi (a-z, A-Z), AsK (0-9) Ges wewfbœ MvwYwZK
18) ‡KvW ev evBbvwi †KvW ev Z_¨ ms‡KZ Kx? wPýmn (+, , , BZ¨vw`) Avi KZK¸‡jv we‡kl wPý (!, @, #,
DËi: MvwYwZK wPý, msL¨v ev Aÿi‡K wP‡ýi we‡kl mgwói $, %, BZ¨vw`) Gi Rb¨ e¨eüZ †KvW‡K AvjdvwbD‡gwiK †KvW
mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv n‡j †mB wPý mgwó‡K †KvW ev evBbvwi †KvW ejv nq|
(Code) ejv nq|
26) A¨vmwK (ASCII) Kx?
A_ev wewfbœ eY©, A¼, MvwYwZK wPý Ges we‡kl wPý wmwcBD‡K DËi: ASCII Gi c~Y© bvg American Standard Code For
eySv‡bvi Rb¨ †h evBbvwi web¨vm e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K †KvW ev Information Interchange| ASCII AvaywbK Kw¤úDUv‡i
evBbvwi †KvW ev Z_¨ ms‡KZ e‡j| eûj e¨eüZ †KvW| GB †Kv‡Wi mvnv‡h¨ ïaygvÎ Av‡gwiKvb
Bs‡iwR¸‡jv‡K Kw¤úDUvi †KvWfz³ Kiv n‡q‡Q A_©vr ïaygvÎ
19) Gb‡KvwWs (Encoding) wK? Av‡gwiKvb Bs‡iwR‡K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
DËi: GKwU A¶i (A¶i, msL¨v, hwZwPý, Ges wbw`©ó wPý) Gi
µg †K we‡klvwqZ wWwRUvj dig¨v‡U ev ms‡K‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kiv‡K 27) BwewmwWK †KvW wK?
Gb‡KvwWs (Encoding) e‡j| DËi: BwewmwWK (EBCDIC) Extended Binary Coded
Interchange Code-Gi mswÿß iƒc| GB †Kv‡Wi mvnv‡h¨
20) wW‡KvwWs (Decoding) wK? Av‡gwiKvb I weªwUk Bs‡iwR¸‡jv‡K Kw¤úDUvi †KvWfz³ Kiv
DËi: djvdj ev AvDUcyU gvby‡li †evaMg¨ Kivi Rb¨ Avevi n‡q‡Q|
†KvW‡K msL¨v, eY© ev we‡kl wP‡ý iƒcvšÍi Kiv nq| GB c×wZ‡K
ejv nq wW‡KvwWs (Decoding)| 28) BDwb‡KvW Kx?
DËi: Unicode Gi c~Y©bvg n‡jv Universal Code ev
21) wbD‡gwiK †KvW wK? mve©Rbxb †KvW| we‡k¦i mKj fvlv‡K Kw¤úDUv‡i †KvWfy³ Kivi
DËi: ‡h †Kv‡Wi mvnv‡h¨ ïaygvÎ A¼ ev msL¨v‡K evBbvwi Rb¨ eo eo †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv GKwU gvb ‰Zwi K‡i‡Qb hv‡K
web¨v‡mi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv hvq Zv‡K Zv‡K wbD‡gwiK †KvW BDwb‡KvW ejv nq| BDwb‡KvW g~jZ 2 evBU ev 16 we‡Ui †KvW|
e‡j| G †Kv‡Wi gva¨‡g 216 ev 65,536 wU AwØZxq wPý
Kw¤úDUvi‡K AwØZxqfv‡e eySv‡bv hvq|
22) A±vj †KvW wK?
DËi: A±vj †KvW wZb we‡Ui evBbvwi †KvW A_©vr 3 weU wewkó 29) eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reiv Kx?
evBbvwi †KvW‡K A±vj †KvW ejv nq| DËi: ‡h A¨vj‡Reivi mvnv‡h¨ jwRK mvwK©U e jwRK †MBU¸‡jv
eY©bv Kiv nq Zv‡K eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reiv e‡j| eywjqvb
23) ‡n·v‡Wwmgvj †KvW wK? A¨vj‡Reivi mZ¨ I wg_¨v‡K evBbvwii Ò1Ò Ges Ò0Ó Øviv
DËi: ‡n·v‡Wwmgvj †KvW n‡jv Pvi we‡Ui evBbvwi †KvW A_©vr 4 cwieZ©b K‡i Kw¤úDUv‡ii mg¯Í MvwYwZK mgm¨v mgvavb Kiv m¤¢e
weU wewkó evBbvwi †KvW‡K †n·v‡Wwmgvj †KvW ejv nq| nq|
30) eywjqvb ¯^Ztwm× Kx? A_ev jwRK †MBU n‡jv GK ai‡bi B‡jKUªwbK eZ©bx hv GK ev
DËi: eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reivq mg¯Í MvwYwZK KvR Kiv nq †hŠw³K GKvwaK BbcyU MÖnY K‡i Ges ïay GKwU AvDUcyU cÖ`vb K‡i|
†hvM, †hŠw³K ¸Y Ges †hŠw³K c~i‡Ki mvnv‡h¨| eywjqvb
A¨vj‡Reivq ïaygvÎ †hŠw³K †hvM, †hŠw³K ¸Y Ges †hŠw³K jwRK †MBU eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reivq †gŠwjK KvR¸‡jv ev¯Íevq‡bi
c~i‡Ki wbqg¸‡jv‡K eywjqvb ¯^Ztwm× e‡j| Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq |

31) eywjqvb PjK Kx? 36) ‡gŠwjK jwRK †MBU Kx?

DËi: eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reivq hvi gvb mg‡qi mv‡_ cwieZ©b nq DËi: ‡hme †MBU Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †MB‡Ui mvnvh¨ Qvov ‰Zwi Kiv hvq
Zv‡K eywjqvb PjK e‡j| †hgb- C = A + B, GLv‡b A I B Zv‡`i‡K †gŠwjK jwRK †MBU ejv nq| †gŠwjK jwRK †MBU
n‡”Q eywjqvb PjK| wZbwU| h_v- Ai †MBU (OR Gate), A¨vÛ †MBU (AND
Gate) I bU †MBU (NOT Gate) |
32) eywjqvb a«yeK Kx?
DËi: eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reivq hvi gvb mg‡qi mv‡_ AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K 37) ‡hŠwMK jwRK †MBU Kx?
Zv‡K eywjqvb a«yeK e‡j| †hgb- A = 0 + 1, GLv‡b 0 Ges 1 DËi: `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK †gŠwjK †MB‡Ui mvnv‡h¨ †h †MBU ‰Zwi Kiv
n‡”Q eywjqvb a«yeK| nq Zv‡K †hŠwMK †MBU e‡j| †hgb- AND Gate +NOT
Gate = NAND Gate, OR Gate + NOT Gate = NOR
33) eywjqvb c~iK Kx? Gate|
DËi: eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reivq †h‡Kv‡bv Pj‡Ki gvb 0 A_ev 1
38) mZ¨K mviwY Kx?
nq| GB 0 Ges 1 †K GKwU AciwUi eywjqvb c~iK ejv nq|
DËi: eywjqvb Pj‡Ki m¤¢ve¨ me web¨vm cÖ`k©b Kivi Rb¨ †h †Uwej
‡hgb: 0 Gi c~iK n‡”Q 1 Ges 1 Gi c~iK n‡”Q 0| MwY‡Zi ev mviwY e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K mZ¨K mviwY e‡j|
fvlvq †jLv nq A Gi c~iK A′|
A_ev ‡h mviwY‡Z jwRK mvwK©‡Ui wewfbœ Bbcy‡Ui mv‡c‡¶
34) eywjqvb ‰ØZbxwZ Kx? AvDUcyU¸‡jv cÖ`k©b Kiv nq, Zv‡K mZ¨K mviwY e‡j| hw`
DËi: DËi: eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reivq †hvM (AND) Ges ¸Y mZ¨K mviwY‡Z n msL¨K PjK _v‡K Z‡e BbcyU Gi Ae¯’v n‡e
(OR) Acv‡ik‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ m~·K eywjqvb ‰ØZ 2n msL¨K|
bxwZ e‡j|
39) eywjqvb Dccv`¨ Kx?
A_ev, eywjqvb A¨vj‡Reivq e¨eüZ mKj Dccv‡`¨ †h `ywU DËi: ‡hme Dccv`¨ e¨envi K‡i RR© eyj mKj cÖKvi hyw³msMZ
wel‡qi MvwYwZK iƒc cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb †mB Dccv`¨ ¸‡jv‡K eywjqvb
wbqg †g‡b GKwU ‰ea mgxKiY †_‡K Aci GKwU ‰ea Dccv`¨ ejv nq|
mgxKiY wbY©q Kiv hvq Zv‡K eywjqvb ‰ØZbxwZ e‡j|
40) ‡gvW bv¤^vi ev gwWDjvm Kx?
G wbqg `ywU n‡jv- DËi: †Kvb KvD›Uvi m‡e©v”P hZ msL¨v ¸Y‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K Zvi †gvW
1| Ai (+) Ges Av¨vÛ (.) ci¯úi wewbgq K‡i A_©vr Ai bv¤^vi ev gwWDjvm e‡j| GKwU n-weU KvD›Uvi avivevwnKfv‡e 0
(+) Gi cwie‡Z© Av¨vÛ (.) Ges Av¨vÛ (.) Gi cwie‡Z© †_‡K 2n -1 msL¨K msL¨v MYbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e| A_©vr n weU
Ai (+) e¨envi K‡i| KvD›Uv‡ii gwWDjvm msL¨v 2n|
2. 0 Ges 1 ci¯úi wewbgq K‡i A_©vr 0 Gi cwie‡Z© 1
Ges 1 Gi cwie‡Z© 0 e¨envi K‡i| 41) mve©Rbxb jwRK †MBU Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi: ‡h jwRK †MBU w`‡q wZbwU †gŠwjK †MBUmn (AND ,OR,
35) jwRK †MBU Kx? NOT) Ab¨vb¨ mKj †MBU ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq Zv‡K mve©Rbxb
DËi: ‡h me hyw³i Dci wfwË K‡i B‡jKUªwb· mvwK©U ev eZ©bx †MBU e‡j| NAND I NOR †MBU‡K †K mve©Rbxb †MBU ejv
wWRvBb Kiv nq hvi GK ev GKvwaK BbcyU _v‡K Ges GKwU gvÎ nq| KviY NAND †MBU I NOR †MBU w`‡q †gŠwjK †MBUmn
AvDUcyU _v‡K Zv‡K jwRK †MBU ejv nq| †h‡Kv‡bv jwRK †MBU ev¯Íevqb Kiv hvq|
42) wW‡KvWvi Kx? 48) wd¬c–d¬c Kx?
DËi: wW‡KvWvi n‡jv Ggb GKwU jwRK mvwK©U hv Kw¤úDUv‡ii DËi: wd¬c-d¬c n‡jv jwRK †MBU w`‡q ‰Zwi GK ai‡Yi wWwRUvj
†evaMg¨ hvwš¿K fvlv‡K gvby‡li fvlvq iƒcvšÍi K‡i| eZ©bx hv GK weU Z_¨ aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i| cÖwZwU wdc-d¬‡c GK
ev GKvw`K Bbcy‡Ui Rb¨ `ywU AvDUcyU cvIqv hvq|
wW‡KvWv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ n msL¨K BbcyU †_‡K me©vwaK 2n msL¨K
AvDUcyU jvBb cvIqv hvq| Mohammad Shameem Uddin
lecturer in Guimara Govt. College
43) Gb‡KvWvi Kx? ICT For Education Khagrachari District
DËi: Gb‡KvWvi n‡jv Ggb GKwU jwRK mvwK©U hv gvby‡li fvlv‡K Ambassador.
Kw¤úDUv‡ii †evaMg¨ hvwš¿K fvlvq iƒcvšÍi K‡i| Mobile: 01516-177308
Gb‡KvWvi me©vwaK 2n wU BbcyU †_‡K n msL¨K AvDUcyU jvBb
cvIqv hvq| Gb‡KvWvi mvaviYZ BbcyU wWfvBm A_©vr Kx-‡ev‡W©i
mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K|

44) A¨vWvi Kx ev evBbvwi A¨vWvi Kx?

DËi: ‡h jwRK mvwK©U Øviv †hvM Kiv hvq Zv‡K A¨vWvi e‡j|
Kw¤úDUv‡ii mKj MvwYwZK KvR evBbvwi †hv‡Mi gva¨‡g m¤úbœ
nq|

45) nvd-A¨vWvi Kx?

DËi: ‡h A¨vWvi Øviv 2 weU †hvM Kiv nq Zv‡K nvd A¨vWvi e‡j|
nvd A¨vWv‡i 2wU BbcyU I 2wU AvDUcyU _v‡K|

A_ev ‡h eZ©bx `ywU weU †hvM K‡i GKwU †hvMdj I K¨vwi †ei
Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K nvd-A¨vWvi e‡j|

46) dzj-A¨vWvi Kx?

DËi: ‡h A¨vWvi Øviv 3 weU †hvM Kiv nq Zv‡K dzj-A¨vWvi e‡j|
dzj A¨vWv‡i 3wU BbcyU I 2wU AvDUcyU _v‡K|

A_ev ‡h eZ©bxi gva¨‡g wZbwU evBbvwi weU (`ywU BbcyU weU I

GKwU c~‡e©i K¨vwi weU) †hvM K‡i GKwU †hvMdj Ges eZ©gvb
K¨vwiweU cvIqv hvq Zv‡K dzj A¨vWvi ev c~Y© †hv‡Mi eZ©bx e‡j|

K¨vwimn Aci `ywU weU †hvM Kivi Rb¨ dzj-A¨vWvi e¨eüZ nq|
Avevi `ywU nvd-A¨vWvi ØvivI GKwU dyj-A¨vWv‡ii KvR Kiv hvq|

47) KvD›Uvi Kx?

DËi: KvD›Uvi n‡”Q Ggb GKwU wm‡Kv‡qwÝqvj wWwRUvj
B‡jKU«wbK mvwK©U hvi mvnv‡h¨ Bbcy‡U †`Iqv cvj‡mi msL¨v Mbbv
Kiv hvq|

KvD›Uvi GK ai‡bi †iwR÷vi hv we‡kl Kv‡Ri Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv

nq|