DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY

MDCAT 2024
1. Carbohydrates occur in the form of high molecular weight compounds called:
(a) Sugars (b) Saccharides (c) Oligosaccharides (d) Polysaccharides
2. When polysaccharides are composed of a single type of monosaccharides they are termed:
(a) Homopolysaccharides (b) Heteropolysaccharides
(c) Both a and b (d) None of these
3. Amylose is a _______ of glucose molecules having only 1-4-glycosidic linkages:
(a) Straight chain (b) Complex polymer
(c) Highly branched chain (d) None of these
4. Glycogen is commonly referred to as:
(a) Pure starch (b) Conjugated molecule
(c) Animal starch (d) All of these
5. The general formula of monosaccharide is:
(a) C (H O)
2n 2 n (b) C (H O)
n 2 2n (c) C (H O )
n 2 2 n (d) C (H O)
n 2 n

6. Sucrose has:
(a) β-1,4-glycosidic bond (b) β-1,2-glycosidic bond
(c) β-2,1-glycosidic bond (d) β-1,6-glycosidic bond
7. Glucose and galactose combine to from lactose:
(a) Sucrose (b) Erythrose (c) Maltose (d) Lactose
8. Which of the following is a tetrose?
(a) Sucrose (b) Erythrose (c) Maltose (d) Lactose
9. Lipids are the _______ of fatty acids:
(a) Esters (b) Homopolymers (c) Heteropolymers (d) Conjugates
10. In a nucleotide, the sugar is attached to:
(a) Phosphate group (b) A, C, G, U (c) Double helix (d) All of these
11. Tripeptide contains:
(a) 3 amino acids and 3 peptide bonds (b) 2 amino acids and 3 peptide bonds
(c) 3 amino acids and 2 peptide bonds (d) 3 amino acids and 4 peptide bonds
12. An example of unsaturated fatty acid is:
(a) Palmitic acid (b) Acetic acid (c) Oleic acid (d) Butyric acid
13. Which of the following is an "Aldo" sugar?
(a) Dihydroxyacetone (b) Glyceraldehyde (c) Ribulose (d) Fructose
14. The bond present at every level of protein structure is:
(a) Peptide bond (b) Hydrogen bond
(c) Disulphide linkage (d) Hydrophobic interactions
15. Protein molecule contains:
(a) Carbon, Oxygen & Hydrogen (b) Carbon & Hydrogen
(c) Nitrogen and Carbon (d) Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Carbon & Oxygen
16. Which bond provides stability to complex carbohydrates?
(a) N – C (b) P – O – C (c) C – O – C (d) C – O – N
17. The basic unit of ribonucleic acid is:
(a) Pentose sugar (b) Nucleoside (c) Nucleotide (d) Ribonucleotide
18. If mRNA has AUG for methionine what will be present for it on tRNA?
(a) ATG (b) TAG (c) TAC (D) UAC
19. A bacterial cell contains _________ of water:
(a) 60% (b) 70% (c) 80% (d) 90%
20. Phospholipids are formed by the esterification of:
(a) Three ethanol molecules with three acid molecules
(b) One glycerol and two fatty acid molecules
(c) One glycerol and three fatty acid molecules
(d) One ethylene glycol and two fatty acids molecules
21. Phospholipids are important components of:
(a) The plasma membrane of cells (b) The ring structure of steroids
(c) The waxy covering on leaves (d) The double bond in hydrocarbon chains
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY
MDCAT 2024
22. In living cell, protein is:
(a) The most abundant compound (b) The least abundant compound
(c) The second most abundant compound (d) The third most abundant compound
23. Amino acids in Insulin molecules are arranged in:
(a) One polypeptide chain (b) Two Polypeptide chains
(c) Three polypeptide chains (d) Four polypeptide chains
24. Silk is chemically:
(a) Lipid (b) Wax (c) Carbohydrate (d) Protein
25. Which of the following is false about purine and pyrimidine bases?
a) They are hydrophobic and relatively insoluble in water at the near-neutral pH of the cell
b) At acidic or alkaline pH the bases become charged and their solubility in water increases
c) Purines have two rings in their structure, but pyrimidine bases have only one ring
d) At acidic or alkaline pH the bases become charged and their solubility in water decreases
26. The function of tRNA is:
(a) To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
(b) To synthesize protein
(c) Pick up amino acids and transfer them to ribosomes
(d) Constitute ribosomes
27. The term 'Protein' is derived from the Greek word 'Proteios' which means:
(a) Big in size (b) Tiny
(c) Neutral (d) Of prime importance
28. Glycogen is found in:
(a) Mitochondria (b) Kreb’s cycle (c) Cytoplasm (d) None of these
29. Hydrolysis of nucleic acid yields:
(a) Only sugar (b) Phosphoric acid only
(c) Nitrogenous base only (d) All the above
30. Assuming they all had the same number of carbon atoms, which of the following has the most
C-H bonds?
(a) an unsaturated fat (b) a polyunsaturated fat (c) a polysaccharide (d) a saturated fat
31. Fatty acids containing 18 C atoms and a single double bond is
(a) Saturated Fatty acid (b) Unsaturated fatty acid (c) Oleic Acid (d) Plamitic acid
32. alpha- helical structure is kept by the formation of _____ bonds among amino acids molecules.
(a) H bonds (b) Disulphide Bond (c) Ionic bond (d) Hydrophobic bonds
33. Identify the purine base of nucleic acids in the following.
a) Cytosine b) Thymine c) Uracil d) Adenine
34. Which of the following is true about phosphodiester linkage?
a) 5’-phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is joined to the 3’-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide
b) 3’-phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is joined to the 5’-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide
c) 5’-phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is joined to the 5’-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide
d) 3’-phosphate group of one nucleotide unit is joined to the 3’-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide
35. Peptide bond is a _________
a) Covalent bond b) Ionic bond c) Metallic bond d) Hydrogen bond
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY
MDCAT 2024
36. What is the following is not a factor responsible for the denaturation of proteins?
a) pH change b) Organic solvents c) Heat d) Charge
37. Alpha helix has
(a) 3.4 amino acids residues/turn (b) 3.6 amino acids residues/turn
(c) 3.8 amino acids residues/turn (d) 3.0 amino acids residues/turn
38. Disulphide bonds are formed between
a) cysteine residues that are close together b) cystine residues that are close together
c) proline residues that are close together d) histidine residues that are close together
39. The first amino acid in a polypeptide chain is
a) Serine b) Valine c) Alanine d) Methionine
40. Hydrolysis of which of the following would yield Fructose in addition to Glucose
(a) Sucrose (b) Lactose (c) Maltose (d) Cellulose
41. The role of fibrin protein in living cells as
(a) Functional (b) Enzymatic (c) Structural (d) Hormonal
42. Globular structure of protein is due to
(a) Primary structure (b) secondary structure
(c) tertiary structure (d) quarternary structure
43. Most abundant protein in human body is
(a) rubisco (b) collagen (c) cellulose (d) albumin
44. Coagulated protein is
(a) Insoluble (b) Non-folded (c) Non functional (d) All of the above
45. Lecithin contains
(a) Ethanolamine (b) choline (c) serine (d) Betaine
46. Lipids show solubility in which of the following solvents
(a) Water (b) Inorganic Solvents (c) Ether (d) All of the these
47. Essential fatty acids show all the characters EXCEPT
(a) Lipotropism (b) Blood clotting factors
(c) used for energy production (d) all of these
48. For a protein of 2000 amino acids, the mRNA will have a length of how many nucleotides
(a) 3000 (b) 2000 (c) 5000 (d) 6000
49. The number of water soluble vitamins is
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 12
50. Lipoproteins rich in cholesterol are
(a) Chylomicron (b) VLDL (c) LDL (d) HDL
51. Which of the following statement is not true for compounds like glycoprotein and glycolipids
(a) They are conjugated molecules of carbohydrates
(b) both have role in the extracellular matrix of animals
(c) they are components of biological membranes
(d) both are produced and secreted by endoplasmic reticulum
52. Most abundant intracellular free nucleotide is
(a) UTP (b) FAD (c) NAD (d) ATP
53. In water, the hydrophobic interactions of lipids are in
 DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY
MDCAT 2024

(a) Heads (b) Tails (c) Both (d) None

54. It is protein in nature
(a) ATP (b) Fats/cholestrol (c) Glycogen (d) Ligase
55. Estrogen, Vitamen D and Cholesterol are all examples of
(a) glycolipids (b) lipoproteins © Terpenes (d)
steroids
56. The head of phospholipids is polar and hydrophilic due the presence of
(a) fatty acid (b) phosphate (c) carboxylic acid (d)
triacylglycerol
57. Which of the following is the most prominent part of the cell membrane in living organisms
(a) Terpenoids (b) waxes (c) phospholipids (d)
acylglycerol
58. It is a precursor of bile acids
(a) waxes (b) phospholipids (c) acylglycerol (d)
steroids
59. Backbone of amino acids comprises of
(a) C-C-N (b) -NH2 Group © -COOH group (d) -H
group
60. Lipids are the _______ of fatty acids:
(a) Esters (b) Homopolymers (c) Heteropolymers (d) Conjugates
61. Which one of the following is used in synthesis of nucleic acids, hormones, co-enzymes and
amino acid for protein synthesis
(a) Carbon (b) Hydrogen (c) Nitrogen (d) Oxygen