DIRECT MODULATION
Modulation is the process of changing key.
Although most modulations use the progression V-I or V7-I, sometimes music can pass into
a new key without any preparation from the new dominant chord. This is called direct
modulation.
Here is an example from the opening of Mozart’s Rondo Alla Turca K331, 3rd movement. The
first seven bars are all tonic chords, first in the home key of A minor, and then in the
modulation key of E minor, until the perfect cadence in bar 8. There is no dominant chord in
the new key of E minor at the point of modulation – the music moves directly into the new
key.
This means we have three ways to modulate:
1. With a pivot chord: e.g ii=V – V7 – I
2. Without a pivot chord: V7 – I
3. Direct modulation: moving immediately to chord I
 © Victoria Williams – www.mymusictheory.com                                              9
 Grade 7 Course PDF ABRSM 03/12/2024