🌍 EARTH AND SPACE
📌 1. Our Solar System
🔭 What is the Solar System?
The solar system is made up of:
The Sun – A big, bright star at the center.
Planets – 8 planets move around the Sun.
Moons – Natural objects that move around planets.
Asteroids – Rocky pieces found mostly between Mars and Jupiter.
Comets – Icy objects that orbit the Sun.
🪐 The 8 Planets (in order)
Planet Fact
Mercury Closest to the Sun, very hot during the day.
Venus Bright and covered with clouds.
Earth Our home, has air, water, and life.
Mars Called the red planet.
Jupiter Largest planet, has a big red spot (storm).
Saturn Has beautiful rings.
Uranus Spins on its side.
Neptune Farthest from the Sun, very cold.
🌞🌍🌕 2. Earth, Sun, and Moon
The Sun gives us light and heat.
The Earth moves around the Sun.
The Moon moves around the Earth.
Vocabulary
Word Meaning
Orbit The path one object takes around another
Axis An imaginary line the Earth spins on
🌕 3. Many Moons
Earth has 1 Moon.
Other planets have more moons:
o Mars has 2.
o Jupiter has over 80!
Moons do not make their own light. They reflect the Sun’s light.
🔁 4. Orbits and Spins
Movement What it does
Earth Spins Causes day and night
Earth Orbits One full orbit = 1 year (365 days)
Moon Orbits The Moon takes 27 days to go around Earth
🪨🔥 5. The Inner Planets
(Closest to the Sun)
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
Made of rock
Have solid surfaces
Smaller than the outer planets
☁️💨 6. The Outer Planets
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Called gas giants (except Neptune and Uranus also called ice giants)
Made of gases and liquids
Very cold and far from the Sun
Have rings and many moons
💭 7. Ideas About the Solar System
Long ago, people thought:
o Earth was at the center (geocentric model)
Now we know:
o Sun is at the center (heliocentric model)
Scientists like Galileo helped us understand this using a telescope.
🌞🌙 8. Day and Night
Day happens when your part of Earth faces the Sun.
Night happens when your part turns away.
🌍 Earth takes 24 hours to spin once = 1 day.
🪞 9. Shadow Patterns
What is a Shadow?
A shadow forms when something blocks light.
Why Do Shadows Change?
The Sun appears to move across the sky.
This changes the position and length of shadows.
Morning – Long shadows
Noon – Short shadows
Evening – Long shadows again
10. Sundials
A sundial is a tool used in the past to tell time using shadows.
The Sun’s shadow moves as time passes.
Fun fact: The shadow is shortest at noon when the Sun is highest.
📘 Vocabulary Table
Word Meaning
Planet A large round object that moves around a star.
Star A big ball of hot gases (like the Sun).
Orbit The path followed by an object in space.
Rotate To spin around an axis.
Shadow A dark shape made when something blocks light.
Sundial A tool that uses shadows to show the time.
Inner Planets Planets close to the Sun.
Outer Planets Planets far from the Sun.
Axis The line an object spins around.
Telescope A tool to see far objects like planets and stars.
Grade 4 Science – Earth and Space Worksheet with questions and answers
Worksheet: Earth and Space
Name: _____________________ Date: _____________________
Total Marks: 40 (+2 bonus)
🔹 Section A: Choose the Correct Answer (1 mark each × 5 = 5 marks)
1. Which planet is known as the Red Planet?
✅ c) Mars
2. What causes day and night on Earth?
✅ b) Earth spinning on its axis
3. Which planet has rings?
✅ c) Saturn
4. The Moon shines because:
✅ b) It reflects sunlight
5. Which planet is the largest in the Solar System?
✅ d) Jupiter
🔹 Section B: Fill in the Blanks (1 mark each × 5 = 5 marks)
1. The Sun is a star at the center of our solar system.
2. Earth completes one orbit around the Sun in 365 days.
3. The Moon takes 27 days to go around the Earth.
4. Shadows are made when something blocks light from the Sun.
5. A sundial is used to tell time using the Sun’s shadow.
🔹 Section C: Match the Following (1 mark each × 5 = 5 marks)
A B Match
1. Earth c) Has life ✅ 1–c
2. Jupiter d) Largest planet ✅ 2–d
3. Venus b) Brightest planet ✅ 3–b
4. Mars a) Red planet ✅ 4–a
5. Moon e) Orbits the Earth ✅ 5–e
🔹 Section D: Answer the Questions (2 marks each × 5 = 10 marks)
1. What are inner planets? Name two.
✅ Inner planets are close to the Sun and made of rock. Examples: Mercury and
Venus.
2. Why do shadows change throughout the day?
✅ Because the Earth rotates, and the Sun’s position in the sky changes.
3. What does the Earth’s orbit around the Sun cause?
✅ It causes seasons and takes 1 year to complete.
4. How is the Sun useful to Earth?
✅ It gives heat and light, which help plants grow and keep us warm.
5. Why does the Moon look different each night?
✅ Because of the Moon’s phases as it moves around the Earth.
🔹 Section E: Label the Diagram (5 marks)
(Simple diagram of Sun with orbit lines and planets)
✅ Labels:
Sun
Earth
Moon
Orbit
Jupiter
(Teacher evaluates based on placement)
🔹 Section F: Vocabulary Matching (1 mark each × 5 = 5 marks)
Word Meaning Match
1. Orbit d) The path an object follows in space ✅ 1–d
2. Axis b) A line an object spins around ✅ 2–b
3. Shadow c) A dark shape formed when light is blocked ✅ 3–c
4. Planet a) A round object that moves around a star ✅ 4–a
5. Sundial e) A tool used to tell time using sunlight ✅ 5–e
✅ Bonus Question (Optional – 2 marks)
Q: What is a sundial and how does it work?
✅ A sundial is a tool that uses the Sun’s shadow to tell time. As the Sun moves, the shadow
moves and shows the time.
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