Wired and Wireless Networking

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In the 1960s, the Internet was created as a means for
government researchers to communicate information. In the
1960s, computers were enormous and stationary, and in order to
access information stored on them, one had to either travel to the
computer’s location or have magnetic computer tapes
transported through the system.
The escalation of the Cold War was another factor in the
development of the Internet. As a result, the United States
Defense Department is required to examine how information may
be distributed even after a nuclear attack. So, the ARPANET
(Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), the network that
later evolved into what we now know as the Internet, was formed.
There were no standard means for computer networks to
communicate with one another. Transfer Control
Protocol/Internetwork Protocol (TCP/IP) was created as a new
communication protocol. This allowed various types of computers
on various networks to “speak” to one another. On January 1,
1983, ARPANET and the Defense Data Network switched to the
TCP/IP standard, resulting in the birth of the Internet. A universal
language could now connect all networks.
World Wide Web
The World Wide Web (WWW) is an internet-based service that
distributes documents across the Internet using a standard set of
rules known as Protocols.
It is the Internet’s most popular information retrieval service (the
worldwide computer network). Hypertext or hypermedia links—
i.e., electronic connections that link similar bits of information to
offer a user quick access to them—provide users with access to a
huge array of documents that are connected to each other over
the Web.
The World Wide Web (www) is a collection of web servers that use
hyperlinks to move between websites using a program called a
web browser, making the Internet accessible and available to
everyone, anywhere, at any time. It is a document creation,
organizing, and linking system.
A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is an Internet address given to
a web page (URL). A website is a collection of online pages that
belong to a given URL, such as www.geeksforgeeks.com,
www.google.com, and so on. As a result, the World Wide Web
functions as a massive electronic book, with pages stored on
many servers throughout the world.
Network
A computer network is a collection of two or more computer
systems that are linked together. A network connection can be
established using either cable or wireless media. Hardware and
software are used to connect computers and tools in any network.
A computer network consists of various kinds of nodes. Servers,
networking hardware, Personal computers, and other specialized
or general-purpose hosts can all be nodes in a computer network.
Wired/Wireless Networking
On basis of physical medium, there are 2 types of networks:
(a) Wired Network: As we all know, “wired” refers to any
physical medium made up of cables. Copper wire, twisted pair, or
fiber optic cables are all options. A wired network employs wires
to link devices to the Internet or another network, such as laptops
or desktop PCs.
(b) Wireless Network: “Wireless” means without wire, media
that is made up of electromagnetic waves (EM Waves) or infrared
waves. Antennas or sensors will be present on all wireless
devices. Cellular phones, wireless sensors, TV remotes, satellite
disc receivers, and laptops with WLAN cards are all examples of
wireless devices. For data or voice communication, a wireless
network uses radiofrequency waves rather than wires.
Types of Networks
(a) Wi-Fi
The industry-standard wireless local area network (WLAN)
technology for linking computers and other electronic devices to
one another and the Internet. Wi-Fi is a wireless variant of a wired
Ethernet network that is frequently used in conjunction with it
(see Ethernet).
WiFi is a type of wireless networking that uses radio frequencies
to send and receive data. WiFi allows users to connect to the
Internet at high speeds without the necessity of cables. WiFi
stands for “wireless fidelity” and is a phrase that is often used
to refer to wireless networking technologies. A wireless router is
used to connect to the internet. When you connect to Wi-Fi,
you’re connecting to a wireless router that connects your Wi-Fi-
enabled devices to the Internet.
How does Wi-Fi Work?
The IEEE 802.11 standard defines the protocols that allow
existing Wi-Fi-enabled wireless devices, such as wireless routers
and access points, to communicate with one another. Different
IEEE standards are supported by wireless access points.
Each standard is the result of a series of amendments that have
been ratified over time. The standards operate at different
frequencies, have different bandwidths, and support varied
channel counts.
(b) Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a telecommunication industry standard that outlines
how mobile devices, PCs, and other equipment can communicate
wirelessly across short distances. This wireless technology allows
Bluetooth-enabled devices to communicate with one another. It
connects desktop and laptop computers, PDAs (such as the Palm
Pilot or Handspring Visor), digital cameras, scanners, cellular
phones, and printers over short distances.
Infrared used to serve the same purpose as Bluetooth, but it had
a few disadvantages. If an object were to be placed between the
two communication devices, for example, the communication
would be disrupted. (If you’ve ever used a television remote
control, you’ve probably observed this limitation.) The infrared
transmission was very slow, and devices were frequently
incompatible with one another.
Because Bluetooth technology is based on radio waves, items or
even walls can be placed between communication devices
without disrupting the connection. Bluetooth also employs a
common 2.4 GHz frequency, ensuring that all Bluetooth-enabled
devices are interoperable. The sole disadvantage of Bluetooth is
that its range is restricted to 30 feet due to its high frequency.
Bluetooth is a computer and telecommunications industry
standard that defines how devices connect with one another.
Computers, computer keyboards and mice, personal digital
assistants, and cellphones are all Bluetooth-enabled devices.
Bluetooth consumes less energy and is less expensive to set up
than Wi-Fi. Because of its lower power, it is less likely to suffer
from or cause interference with other wireless devices operating
in the same 2.4GHz radio band.
Cloud Computing
A physical site called a data center houses a common pool of
computer resources (such as hardware, software, and services
like servers and internet storage). Your cloud service providers
have data centers all around the world.
Cloud computing is a methodology for providing on-demand
network access to a shared pool of programmable computing
resources that can be quickly supplied and released with no
administration effort or service provider contact.
Cloud computing is an internet-based computing model in which
several network connections and computer systems are used to
provide online services. Users at a distance who have access to
the internet can readily access the cloud and its services, and
these services and information can be shared among several
computers and users if they are all linked.
Types of Clouds
The four types of access to the cloud are public, private, hybrid,
and community:
(a) Public Cloud: The public cloud makes it possible for anybody
to access systems and services. Because of its openness, the
public cloud may be less secure. The public cloud is one in which
cloud infrastructure services are made available through the
internet to the public or large industrial groups. The infrastructure
in this cloud model is owned by the company that delivers the
cloud service, not by the consumer.
Example: Microsoft Azure, Google App Engine
(b) Private Cloud: A private cloud is one in which cloud
infrastructure is set aside for a single organization’s exclusive
use. Organizations, third parties, or a mixture of both own,
manage and operate it. In this architecture, the cloud
infrastructure is provisioned on the organization’s premises but
hosted in a third-party data center. Organizations will benefit from
the private cloud over public cloud since it gives them more
flexibility and control over cloud resources. Example: E-bay
(c) Hybrid Cloud: Hybrid cloud, as the name implies, is a blend
of different cloud models, such as public cloud, private cloud, and
community cloud. This model utilizes all the models that are a
component of it. As a result, it will combine scalability, economic
efficiency, and data security into a single model. The complexity
of creating such a storage solution is a downside of this strategy.
(d) Community Cloud: The community cloud model distributes
cloud infrastructure among numerous organizations to support a
specific community with shared issues. Cloud infrastructure is
delivered on-premises or at a third-party data center in this
manner. Participating organizations or a third party manage this.
Sample Questions

Question 1. Why Cloud Computing was developed?

Answer:
The traditional ways of providing IT infrastructure are used by
both small and large IT organizations. That means that any IT firm
requires a server room, which is a basic requirement of the
industry. A database server, mail server, networking, firewalls,
routers, modem, switches, high net speed, and maintenance
engineers should all be present in the server room.
We’ll have to spend a lot of money to build such an IT
infrastructure. Cloud Computing was created to address all of
these issues while also lowering the cost of IT infrastructure. We
have access to a shared pool of computer resources (servers,
storage, programs, and so on) in the cloud. All you have to do is
ask for more resources when you need them. The cloud makes
provisioning resources quickly a piece of cake. When resources
are no longer required, they can be released. You just pay for
what you use this way. All maintenance will be handled by your
cloud provider.
Question 2. Define the terms web page, website, browser
& URL.
Answer:
Web Page: A text file produced in any markup language, such as
HTML, is referred to as a web page. Hypertext, simple text,
sound, photos, videos, and links to other pages are all included on
the web page (hyperlinks).
Websites: A collection of similar web pages linked together via
hyperlinks.
Browsers: Browsers are computer programs that search for,
access, and display various websites on the Internet. Mozilla
Firefox, Chrome, and so forth.
URL: Each website’s main page has its own unique address.
Uniform Resource Locator is the name given to this one-of-a-kind
address.
Question 3. List the advantages of Cloud Computing.
Answer:
The advantages of cloud computing are:
1. When needed, service is available 24*7.
2. In terms of data loss, security is important. (When critical data
is lost, cloud computing provides excellent security.) Because the
data is saved in the system, it can be quickly accessible even if
your computer fails.).
3. Resource pooling
4. Services- pay- per use model
5. Shared Infrastructure
6. Cost Reduction
7. In the event of a disaster, it is highly advised that firms have
an emergency backup plan in place. Businesses can use cloud
storage as a backup plan by storing a second copy of crucial files.
These files are kept in a remote place and can only be accessed
via the internet.
Question 4. Compare Wi-Fi & internet.
Answer:
Although Wi-Fi and the Internet are closely related and are
frequently used interchangeably, there are significant differences
between the two. The Internet is a wide area network (WAN) that
uses a set of protocols to send data between networks and
devices all over the world. Wi-Fi, on the other hand, is only a way
to link devices without the use of cables.
If you don’t have a modem or Internet subscription from an ISP,
you can have a Wi-Fi connection but no Internet access. As a
result, the signal strength of a Wi-Fi network is unrelated to the
Internet speed that a user may experience when connected.
Question 5. List the differences between wired & wireless
networks.
Answer:
S.No Wired Network Wireless Network

A wired network employs “Wireless” means without wire, media that

wires to link devices to the is made up of electromagnetic waves (EM
1. Internet or another network, Waves) or infrared waves. Antennas or
such as laptops or desktop sensors will be present on all wireless
PCs. devices

2. Faster transmission speed Slow transmission speed

3. Propagation delay is Low Propagation delay is high

4. More Secure & hence Reliable Less Secure & hence less Reliable

5. Devices must be hard-wired Installation is Quick

6. Less Expensive More Expensive

High installation &

7. Low installation & maintenance cost
maintenance cost

Hub, Switch, etc. devices are Wireless routers, access points, etc. are
8.
used used.