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Battery Energy Storage System

The Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) operates in two modes: Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) Mode for grid-forming, where it maintains grid voltage and frequency, and PQ Mode for grid-following, where it provides active and reactive power compensation. In VSG mode, the BESS adjusts its output based on microgrid power references to maintain 50Hz, while in PQ mode, it responds to grid demands and supports power factor correction. This strategy optimizes BESS utilization, enhances microgrid stability, and facilitates renewable energy integration.

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Sabir Hasnain
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34 views1 page

Battery Energy Storage System

The Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) operates in two modes: Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) Mode for grid-forming, where it maintains grid voltage and frequency, and PQ Mode for grid-following, where it provides active and reactive power compensation. In VSG mode, the BESS adjusts its output based on microgrid power references to maintain 50Hz, while in PQ mode, it responds to grid demands and supports power factor correction. This strategy optimizes BESS utilization, enhances microgrid stability, and facilitates renewable energy integration.

Uploaded by

Sabir Hasnain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) Operation Logic

BESS operates in two modes:

1. Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) Mode (Grid Forming):

In VSG mode, the BESS is responsible for maintaining the grid voltage and frequency by operating in
droop control mode. The microgrid provides a setpoint within the allowable power range, and the BESS
adjusts frequency accordingly while maintaining 50Hz. The logic behind this mode is as follows:

• The microgrid sets a power reference (e.g., 500kW, -500kW, or any value within the BESS limits).

• The BESS regulates its output to maintain frequency at 50Hz while following the given power
reference.

• The microgrid continuously monitors renewable generation and adjusts BESS charge and
discharge accordingly to optimize system stability.

• Without microgrid control, the BESS in VSG mode may experience State of Charge (SOC)
depletion and shut down.

2. PQ Mode (Grid Following):

When the system is connected to the national grid, the grid becomes the dominant frequency source.
Therefore, the BESS no longer regulates frequency but instead operates in PQ mode to provide active
and reactive power compensation. The key functions in PQ mode are:

• Active Power Compensation: The BESS injects or absorbs active power based on system
demand.

• Reactive Power Compensation: The BESS supports power factor correction by injecting or
absorbing reactive power.

The microgrid provides three operational options in PQ mode:

1. Contingency Response: If a generator (e.g., running at 1000kW) trips suddenly, the BESS
immediately compensates by supplying 1000kW and then gradually ramps down to 0.

2. Frequency Deadband Control: The BESS adjusts active power output to maintain the system
frequency at 50Hz within predefined limits.

3. Generator Load Management: The BESS monitors generator minimum and maximum limits and
adjusts its charge or discharge accordingly.

4. Reactive Power Support: The BESS compensates for reactive power by monitoring the generator
power factor and injecting or absorbing reactive power as needed.

This operational strategy ensures optimal utilization of the BESS, enhances microgrid stability, and
efficiently integrates renewable energy sources.

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