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UNIT 1: HAND AND POWER TOOLS

A. Capaian Pembelajaran
MURID mampu menggunakan daftar kata - kata dan kosakata dalam topik sebelumnya dalam
dialog sederhana dan dalam teks sederhana sesuai dengan topik Hand and Power Tools.

B. Introduction
In the world of civil engineering, although many have switched to modern technology or systems.
However, of course not everything can be done or used without tools, be it building technology,
repairing it, or other related things. Well, the tools used basically don't just consist of one type, but
there are several that are commonly referred to as tools. Many people, or maybe you already
know, that tools are equipment that are definitely easy to find in repair, assembly places, etc., such
as workshops, technology places, etc. So, to learn more about tools, you need to know more about
them and their types, which we will explain in this unit.

What are Hand Tools? Well, hand tools or commonly

used as tools, are objects that are used to make daily
work easier, which of course relates to spare parts,
objects, or can also be used to build related materials.
Usually, tools are easy to find in several sectors, such as
automotive, construction, household, and even in
technology, industry or factories. Of course, only humans
can use tools with both hands, but actually there are
animals that can use tools too. Figure 6.1 Illustration
by Adobe Stock

Historically, tools actually existed in the Stone Age, where primitive humans used stones as tools to
help them build houses, hunt, and so on to survive. Then as time progressed, humans began to
switch from stone tools to tools made of metal and then created mechanical tools in the Middle
Ages. So, the initial use of mechanical tools was to empower new natural resources such as water
which was used using waterwheels, or even wind using windmills. Basically, tools can be divided
into two types based on their type, namely hand tools and power tools. As the name suggests, hand
tools are various types of tools that do not use machines or electricity and rely on human power
alone. Hand tools are tools that really help our work when we are doing mechanical work, such as
filing, hitting nails, cutting work objects, scraping work objects and many others. Now many hand
tools are sold in hardware stores. To assist in carrying out mechanical work, the tools used are
usually quite diverse. For hand tools, you have to use them manually using hand strength or human
power without the help of machines. Using various types of hand tools is less dangerous, compared
to using electric tools (Hand Power Tools).

C. Functions and types of Hand and Power Tools

 Hand Tools and power tools have many
functions and uses. For example, to repair
vehicles, to repair damaged household
furniture, to install bolts or screws, and
much more.

Therefore, hand tools are also widely

used for industrial purposes such as
workshops, furniture, construction, and
many more. However, you need to know
that hand tools themselves consist of
various types. Each type of hand tool has its
own function and use. Figure 6.2 Illustration by Adobe Stock
Tools functions are:

1. Helping work Tools help humans do work more quickly and easily. By using tools, humans can
complete work more efficiently and effectively.
2. Repairing Damage Tools are also used to repair damage to objects or equipment. For example, a
saw is used to cut damaged wood, and a wrench is used to tighten or loosen loose bolts or nuts.
3. Make work more accurate. Measuring tools are used to measure with accuracy, so that work
can be done more precisely and precisely.
4. Types of tools are:
1. Measuring Tools
Measuring tools are used to measure various things, such as length, width, height, or angle.
Examples of measuring tools are meters, rulers, rulers, and protractors.

2. Cut Tool
Cutting tools are used to cut hard objects such as wood, metal, or plastic. Examples of cutting tools
are saws, scissors, pipe cutters, and metal cutting machines.

3. Drill Tool
A drill tool is used to make holes in objects. Drilling tools are available in various sizes and types,
such as hand drills, electric drills and magnetic drills.

4. Key Tool

A wrench tool is used to tighten or loosen bolts or nuts. Wrench tools are available in various sizes
and types, such as wrenches, socket wrenches, and pipe wrenches.

5. File Tool

A filing tool is used to smooth the surface of an object. File tools are available in various types, such
as sandpaper, sharpening stones, and grinders.

6. Hitting Tool

A hammer is used to hit objects, such as hammers, hammers and padlocks.

7. Clamping Tool
 Clamping tools are used to tighten or hold objects, such as pliers, scissors, and clamps.

How to Use Hand Tools and Power Tools:

1. Check the Tools Before using the tools, make sure to check the condition of the tools. Check
whether the tool is in good condition or not, whether there is any damage to the tool, and whether
there are any parts that need to be replaced or repaired. Use the tool correctly. Make sure that the
tool is used according to its function. Don't force the tool to perform tasks that are not suited to its
capabilities. This can damage the tool or even be dangerous for the user.
2. Use tools safely. Use tools carefully and safely. Make sure to use safety equipment such as
gloves, goggles, or a helmet if necessary. Always pay attention to safety and the surrounding
environment when using tools.
3. Store tools properly. Store tools in a safe and dry place. Avoid places that are damp or exposed
to direct sunlight. Make sure that the tool is clean before storing it, and do not expose the tool to
corrosion or other damage.
4. Tool Care Maintenance of tools is very important to ensure they remain in good condition and
can be used for a long time. Make sure to clean the tool after use, and check regularly for parts that
need to be replaced or repaired.

D. Kinds of Common Hand Tools

1. Hammer
Hammers are designed to provide high force over a small
area. Hammers are made of classy steel. This steel will later
harden and then change color to dark blue. Hammer handles
are made from hardened wood, but generally, hammer
handles are made from hickory. The length of the hammer
depends on the weight of the head. Hammers are classified based on their shape as: Ball Peen
Hammers, Cross Peen Hammers and Straight Peen Hammers. Ball peen hammers are the most
common type of hammer used in machine shops. Figure 6.3 Illustration by Flickr

2. Screwdriver
Each type of screwdriver is quite unique depending on what it
is used for. It is therefore necessary for tool makers to have a
set of screwdrivers for all requirements. Screwdriver blades
come in a variety of widths and lengths suitable for special
purposes. The blade is made of carbon steel and is heat treated
to give the screwdriver hardness. Magnetic knife edges in some
cases serve to provide easy access to screws in corners and crevices. Figure 6.4 Illustration by
Flickr.

3. Wrench
The wrench is used to turn bolts, nuts, pipes, etc. There are a
large number of wrenches available with each type having its
own special shape and characteristics. Wrenches will shape the
objects they use to transform or from their construction

Figure 6.5 Illustration by Flickr .

4. Vise
A vise is a tool that functions to hold the workpiece in place.
This is to prevent movement of the workpiece to make it easier
for the operator to work on it. As we discussed in the previous
article, the vise itself consists of various types and functions of
the vise, however, there are also special criteria for making a
vise. A vise must have a fixed jaw, a moving jaw, a screw and a
nut that are attached to the moving jaw and to the handle that
the screw rotates. Figure 6.6 Illustration by Flickr

5. Hand Saw
This tool is used as a carpentry tool which functions for
sawing. They are made in sizes around 8-, 10- or 12- inches.
This saw blade is made from high grade steel which is forged
and then hardened and becomes a saw. Because of this
hardness, saw blades tend to be very brittle. But, in some
cases, the blade is quite flexible because only the saw teeth
are hardened.
Figure 6.7 Illustration by Flickr This means you can use the saw blade easily.
6. Ruler
This special ruler is a mandatory tool for builders. With this
tool, you can easily make 90-degree lines or measure building
angles. One of the most common and frequently used every
day measuring tools is a ruler or ruler.
Most rulers are made of steel or plastic. A ruler is used to
measure basic quantities in the form of length, width and
thickness of an object. This measuring instrument has an accuracy of ± 0.5 mm. Figure 6.8
Illustration by Flickr
7. Kape
This tool with a flat tip is useful for cleaning dried glue or paint
that sticks to a surface. A putty knife is also very helpful when
you have to level putty or cement. Choose a small knife

to scrape off any remaining glue or paint. Meanwhile, we can

use a larger size to level certain surfaces Figure 6.9
Illustration by Flickr.

8. Pliers
These home tools will be very helpful when you need to fix something.
Likewise when you have to pull, rotate, or bend metal. So, make sure
you have the type of pliers that have screw heads. This type
Figure 6.10 Illustration by Flickr

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of pliers will provide a strong grip when installing or removing bolts.

 9. Hand drill
This tool is useful when we need to drill a hole in something at
home to install a screw. Of course, the work will be too tiring if
you only use a screwdriver, especially if there are a lot of
screws that need to be installed. We
can use drills for various types of screws. However, you need to
be careful because the speed of this tool can actually damage
the screw heads. Figure 6.11 Illustration by Flickr

E. Kinds of Common Power Tools

1. Electric Drill
These types of power tools are multipurpose tools used for drilling
in various materials such as wood, metal or plastic. It has adjustable
rotation speeds and a wide selection of drill bit sizes, making it
suitable for a variety of
Figure 6.12 Image by Flickr construction jobs, home repairs, or craft
projects. Electric air drills are one of the most commonly used
power tools and are a staple element in any workshop or toolbox.

2. Electric Grinder
Electric grinders are generally used to sand, scrub, or cut materials such
as metal, wood, or stone. This tool has replaceable grinding wheels,
providing flexibility in adapting the tool to a variety of different tasks
and materials.
Figure 6.13 Image by Flickr
3. Electric Demolition Drill
Specially designed for demolition and drilling tasks in very hard
materials such as concrete or stone. Has high strength and crushing
capacity to handle construction work that requires large-
Figure 6.14 Image by Flickr

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scale drilling or structural demolition. Usually used for demolition or renovation projects.
4. Electric Nutrunner
This tool is almost similar to an electric impact wrench, but is
specifically designed for industrial applications that require a
high level of torque and precision in tightening bolts or nuts.
Typically used in production environments for the assembly of
vehicles, machinery, or industrial equipment. Figure 6.15
Image by Flickr
5. Electric Sander
Generally used to sand and smooth the surface of wood, metal or
other materials. This tool comes in several varieties such as orbital
sanding saws or belt sanding saws, which help achieve a smooth and even finish on various
construction
or craft projects. An electric sander is an effective tool in surface preparation before painting or
finishing. Figure 6.16 Image by Flickr

6. Electric Saw / Chainsaw

The next type of power tool is an electric saw which has the
function of cutting various types of materials such as wood, metal
or plastic. Available in a variety of types, including circular

saws, serkel saws or jigsaws, to suit specific cutting needs. Figure

6.17 Image by Flickr
7. Electric
Screwdriver The function of this power tool is to
install or remove screws quickly and
efficiently. These tools are powered by
electricity and are often equipped
with speed settings and reverse
functions for more flexible use. This
Figure
1 Ima by electric screwdriver or pneumatic
6. 8 ge Flickr screwdriver is a very

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useful tool in assembly, home repair, or construction work that involves installing a large number of
screws.
8. Compressor
This tool functions to supply air to
various equipment that uses air
pressure as a power source. The
compressor is also equipped with an air
pressure regulator which can stop
operation when the air pressure
reaches the maximum limit.
Figure 19 Imag by Flickr
6. e

9. Nail Gun
Hand nail guns are a type of gun that is light and easy to use. This tool
is often used in jobs that require high mobility, such as installing
molding or installing wall panels. Nail Gun is used for the
nailing/drilling process for furniture, plastic, aluminum, plastic, wood,
windows, doors,
cabinets, panels and so on. Figure 6.20 Image by Flickr
 10. Spray Gun
Spray guns are an essential tool in a variety of industries, from
automotive to construction, providing advantages in terms of
efficiency, precision and quality end results. Compared to manual
painting methods using brushes or rollers, spray guns allow users to
achieve a more even and smooth coating more quickly, thereby
saving time and effort. Its ability to handle a wide range of paints
and other liquid materials makes it a versatile tool that supports a
wide range of applications, from car painting to fine wood finishing.
Figure 6.21 Image by Flickr

F. Exercises Group
Exercises.

Look at the pictures given below. From the following pictures, discuss
them with your group friends. Then, choose the 3 (three) tools that you
like the most, and describe them. The description you provide may be
related to the definition, use, how to use them and their maintenance.

Figure 6.20 Image by civilengineermag.com

Figure 6.20 Image by renotop.id