OCCUPATIONAL

HEALTH & Written By:

Wahid Ullah
B-Tech (Hon) Elect
SAFETY
 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY 2. It can promote and maintain highest
degree of physical, metal and social
HEALTH: The state of being free from illness aspects of workers in all occupations.
or injury is called Health. Or 3. Its leads prevention among the workers
The protection of the bodies and minds of adverse effects on health caused by
of people from illness resulting from materials their working conditions.
and process used in the workplaces. 4. It gives the protection of workers in their
SAFETY: “The protection of people against employment from risks resulting from
factors adverse to health
physical illnesses”
5. It can aim to prevent industrial
The health and safety is normally used
accidents and diseases and at the
together to indicate concern for the physical
same time recognize the connection
and mental well-being of the individual at work
between workers, health and safety,
place.
the work place and environment
ACCIDENT: Any unpleasant event that results outside the work place.
in injury or illness of people or damage or loss 6. It can reduce hazards and its effects by
of properly. lives of workers.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY: WHATARE THE COSTS TO EMPLOYERS

Occupational health and safety is a OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND
discipline with a broad scope involving many SAFETY ACCIDENTS?
specialized fields. It is also a discipline that The costs to the employers of
encompasses the social, mental and physical occupational accidents or illness are as
well-being of workers, contractor personal, follows.
visitor and person in work place. 1. Product damage.
In short it is a cross disciplinary area 2. Plant and equipment damage.
concerned with protecting the safety health 3. Production delayed.
and welfare of people engaged in work or 4. Transportation of injured persons.
employment. 5. Medical Payments
It is relevant to all branches of industry, 6. Reduction or temporary halt in
business, schools universities and offices etc. production.
It can affect all aspect of works. In low hazard 7. Injured or ill workers have to be
organization health and safety is supervised replaced.
by a single person but in a high hazard 8. Adjusting and giving time to new
organization or manufacturing plants different. workers.
Such as engineers (Civil, Electrical, 9. Taking time when the new workers get
Mechanical, Medical, Doctors, Supervisors information about the work.
may be required in ensuring that health and 10. Reduction in the quality of work to
safety is necessary within the organization. same extent.
The goal of occupational health and safety is
CLASSIFICATION OF “HEALTH HAZARD”:
to faster a safe works environment.
Health and safety hazards very
generally depending on the type of work
WHY WE ARE STUDYING THE SUBJECT
involved. It is a warning against what could
OF HEALTH & SAFETY:
potentially adversely affect one’s health. A
1. It can improve management system to
health hazard is something that has the
reduce injuries and illness.
potential to cause on adverse health effect.
1

OR
Page
 In other words it is a condition that principle types of ionization radiation: alpha,
results from exposure in a workplace to a beta and gamma radiation.
physical, chemical or biological agent, to the CHEMICAL HAZARDS:
extent that the normal physiological These may take many forms. They can
mechanisms are affected and the health of the
appear in the work place as gases, liquids or
worker is impaired. solids, chemical may be the product being
The health hazards in general could be manufactured the may be a input to a process
classified as under. chemical hazards can exist in the form of, dust,
PHYSICAL HEALTH HAZARDS: poisons, fumes and gases, toxic metals and
A substance is classified as physical chemicals, lead, solvents, acids, vapors, liquid
hazard if it burns easily and has the potential chemicals can enter the body via: -
to explode “or” can cause a violent reaction. 1. Inhalation:
Physical agents are forms of energy This means taking a material into the
“or” force. Physical hazards are different types body by breathing. It in inhalation is the most
which may be hazardous the worker. common way chemicals can enter the body in
Example: Noise, Vibration, Temperature a work situation.
extreme, Radiations
2. Absorption:
1. Noise: Substances that contact the eye and
In common use the word noise means the skin may be either absorbed into the body
unwanted sound or noise pollution. or cause local effects. For the majority of
Fundamental hazards associated with organic compounds, the contribution from skin
excessive noise is hearing loss, and absorption to the total exposure should not be
physiological problems. The risk depends on neglected.
intensity of noise, type of noise, duration of
exposure, age of individual etc. 3. Ingestions:
This means taking a material into the
2. Vibration: body by mouth (swallowing) ingestions of toxic
Workers can be exposed to vibration materials may occur as a result of eating in a
affecting the entire body or only a hand or an contaminated work area.
arm.
Whole body vibration can accrue from 4. Injection
large operating mobile, equipment such as Introducing the material directly into the
driller, air hammers etc. blood stream.

3. Temperature Extreme: BIOLOGICAL HEALTH HAZARDS:

A change in body temperature due to These are living things “or” products of
extreme work environment conditions cause to living things. Most biological agents found in
stress “or” illness. Heavy work in high temp the work place are microscopic organisms,
cause muscle, cramps, dehydration, sudden they include, bacteria fungi, viruses, insects,
collapse & un-consciousness / unaware. rodents etc.
Diseases or illnesses can occur from
4. Radiation: biological sources. In many cases the route of
Radiation, as used in physics, is energy entry is cuts in skin or breathing. Some
in the form of waves or moving sub atomic diseases are minor infections & some can be
particles emitted by an atom or others body as serious
it changes from a higher energy state to a
2
Page

lower energy state. There are three

 Exposure may occur during work, Common mechanical injuries include
renovation, work on air handling system or puncturing, cutting and tearing, shearing
some construction work. crushing and straining.

RISK: 2)Noise: The word noise means

Risk may be defined as, RISK = P x S unwanted sound or noise pollution. Sometime
Where, P = Probability → change to occur sudden noises are produced during running
S = Severity → intensity of event machinery which causes risk at work place.
“Or” RISK = Hazard, Exposure, Safe guard Fundamental hazards associated with
“Or” RISK = Frequency x Consequence excessive noise are hearing loss and
The risk can be often categorized as. physiological problems. The risk depends on
intensity of noise, type of noise, duration of
=>Low Risk, =>Medium Risk, =>High Risk
exposure, age of individual etc.
Risk is the change or probability that a person
will be harmed or experience an adverse 3) Electrical Failure: The term can apply to
health effect if exposed to a hazard. the failure of an electric CKT.
Factors influencing the degree of risk: Alternately, it may refer to a rapid reduction in
Factors that influence the degree of risk may the resistance of an electrical insulator that
include. can lead to a spark jumping around or through
 How much the person is exposed the insulator.
thehazardous things or conditions.
 How the person is exposed e.g. 4) Indoor Air Poor Ventilation and Lighting
skincontact or breathing. Conditions: Indoor air quality deals with the
 How served are the effects under content of interior air that could affect health
thecondition of hazardous exposure. and comfort of building occupants. The indoor
Example of RISK: air quality may be compromised by microbial
Consider an example: contaminants, pollute chemicals, allergens or
Working on a height using partible ladder. any mass or energy stressor that induce
health effects. Indoor air is associated with
Probability of the events chance of events
many health risks including asthma.
involved.
While constructing any structure care
1. The ladder may slip.
must be taken to allow much air to enter and
2. Ladder may break
to ensure rich supply of oxygen and also allow
3. It might fall.
much light to enter by making proper
SOURCES OF RISK: arrangements.
1) Machinery: A machine is any device
5) Radiations: It is energy in the form
that uses energy to perform activity. In
of waves or moving sub atomic particles
common usage, the meaning is that of a
emitted by an atom or other body as it changes
device having parts that perform “or” assist in
from a higher energy state to a lower energy
performing any type of work.
state. There are three principle types of
A simple machine is a device that
ionizing radiations: alpha, beta and gamma
transforms the direction or magnitude of a
radiation.
force without consuming any energy.
In an industrial setting, People in tract 6) Ergonomics: It is the study of
with machines that are designed to drill, cut, designing equipment and devices, ergonomics
shear, punch, chip, staple, abrade, shape, is the science of conform the work place and
stamp and slit such materials as metals, all of its elements to the worker’s various
3

plastics & elastomers. factors associated with

Page
 ergonomics including sitting / standing / 1) Inhalation: This mean taking a
stationary / moveable / working area, low material into the body by breathing it in. this is
surface, environmental factors etc. the principle “or” most important route of entry
of dangerous substances in the form of dust,
DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES: gases, vapors etc. that gets into the bossy and
A dangerous substance is a toxic substance can cause an unpleasant effect. The effect
that has a negative effect on the health of a may be acute or immediate and chromic.
worker. ➢ Acute or Immediate: It is generally
The dangerous substances are liquid solid and associated with the evolution of carbon
gases that can harm the people and other monoxide, chlorine and nitrous oxide.
living organisms. Dangerous substances may ➢ Chronic: This effect is mainly
include radioactive flammable explosives and concerned with chlorinated
toxics. These substances are the main hydrocarbons, leads compounds and
sources of creative problems in the work numerous dusts.
places. Therefore, people who handle
dangerous substances or working in the 2) Ingestion: This means taking a
organization will often wear protective material into the body by mouth ingestion of
equipment to avoid any accident and diseases toxic materials may occur as a result of eating
and also to decrease the sources of risks. in contaminated things work area.
Hazardous and toxic substances are 3) Absorption: Substances that
defined as those substances that are present contact the eye and the skin may be either
in the work place and can cause harm their absorbed into the body or cause local effects.
nature is normally chemicals. For the majority organic compounds, the
CLASSIFICATION OF DANGEROUS contribution from skin absorption to the total
SUBSTANCES: exposure should not be neglected.
Classification of dangerous substances is 4) Injection: Introducing the material
based on categories according to the greatest directly into the blood stream. Injection may
degree of hazard and the specific nature of occur through mechanical injuries from
risks, classification on the basis of physic- sharps.
chemical properties. “Therefore, health and safety
 Explosive, oxidizing, extremely committee must know about all these factors
flammable, highly flammable, and should take an action for reducing
flammable on the bases of health accidents by providing information and
effects. equipment to workers in an organization.”
 Very Toxic, Toxic, Harmful Corrosive,
Irritant, Sensitizing, Carcinogenic, OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS:
Mutagenic, Toxic for reproduction. An occupational exposure limit is an upper
limit on the acceptable concentration of a
ROUTE OF ENTRY: hazardous substance in work place air for a
Routes of exposure describe the way the particular material or class of materials. It is
chemical enters the body chemicals may have typically set by competent national authorities
serious effects by one route and minimal and enforced by legislation to protect
effects by another hazardous chemicals may occupational safety and health. It can be a tool
enter the body by: in risk assessment and in the management of
activities involving handling of dangerous
substances.
4
Page
 The Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of a 8. Untrained labor workers.
chemical substance is a level to which it is 9. Man power productivity & efficiency
believed a worker can be exposed day after Monitoring means continuous checking of
day for a working lifetime without adverse system and its sub-systems to avoids any
health effects. problems of monitoring
Three types of TLV’s for chemical Data Evaluation and Analysis:
substances are defined: In the data evaluation we measure the
I. Threshold Limit Value - Time weighted data, figures according to the requirement of
Average (TLV-TWA): Average the specific event / activity. It depends upon
exposure on the basis of 8h/day, the data or information collected recorded.
40h/week work schedule.
II. Threshold Limit Value – Short Term Data Analysis: It is
Exposure Limit (TLV - STEL): spot 1. Collection of data.
exposure for duration of 15 minutes that 2. Elaboration of data collected
cannot be repeated more than 4 times 3. Analyses the information, according to
per day. requirement.
III. Threshold Limit Value – Ceiling (TLV –
SAFE MACHINARY DESIGN AND
C): absolute exposure limit that should
GUARDING:
not exceed at any time.
1. Preventing Machinery Accidents:
There are TLV’s for physical agents as well as
Only use machines that you know how
chemical substances. TLV’s for physical
to operate one should never attempt to
agents include those for noise exposure,
operate an unfamiliar machine without reading
vibration ionizing & non-ionizing radiation
the machine instructions or receiving
exposure and heat & sold stress.
directions from a qualified employee.
The American Conference of
In addition, follow these guidelines to
Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
ensure machine safety.
is a professional association of industrial
 Secure machines that tend to move
hygienists and practitioners of related
during operation.
professions. One of its goals is to advance
 Do not place machines near the edge
worker protection. ACGIH establishes the
of a table or desk.
Threshold Limit Values (TLV’s) for chemical
 Ensure that machines with moving
substances and physical agents and
parts are guarded to prevent
Biological Exposure Indices (BEI’s).
accidents. Do not remove these
ENVIROMENTAL MONITORING: guards.
It describes the process and activities  Unplug defective machines and have
that need to take place to characterized and them repaired immediately.
monitor the quality of the environment.  Do not use any machine that smokes,
sparks, shocks or appears defective in
Measurement Techniques:
any way.
The following are monitoring ways.
 Close hand –operated machines after
1. Standard Rules each use and activate the guard.
2. Systematic procedure  If you have opened the machine o fr
3. Checking & evaluation maintenance, repair or
4. Proper maintenance troubleshooting, remember that some
5. Proper start-up & shut down parts may be hot. Always follow the
5

6. House Keeping
Page

7. Proper supply of services

 manufacturer’s instructions for  The point of operation of machines
troubleshooting. whose operation exposes an
 Unplug machines before conducting employee to injury shall be guarded.
maintenance, repair or  Revolving drums, barrels a n
d
troubleshooting. containers shall be guarded by an
enclosure which is interlocked with the
SAFETY BY DESIGN: drive mechanism.
Safety by design is our occupational  When periphery of fan blades are less
health and safety specialist. At safety be than 7 feet above the floor or working
design, we believe that incorporating safety level the blades shall be guarded with
into the design process reduces accidents, a guard having openings no larger
improve task performance and lower costs. than 1/2 inch.
We after unparalleled expertise in the fields of  Machine designed for a fixed location
fall production, machine guarding, lockout tag shall be securely anchored to prevent
out and confined space entry. walking or moving for example, Drill
It is important that all work equipment presses, bench grinders etc.
has proper safety controls built into the design.  Guards must prevent any part of an
Well-designed machine should: employee’s body from making contact
1. Have suitable operating controls that with hazardous moving parts.
are carried to see and use  Employees should not be able o t
2. Have suitable emergency stop controls easily remove or temper with guards.
3. Have a proper way to disconnecting the  Guards should ensure that no objects
machinery from its power source. can fall into moving parts.
4. Have operating controls that prevent  Guard edges should be rolled or bolted
machines from being accidently turned in such a way to eliminate sharp or
on. jagged edges.
 Guard should not create interface
MACHINE GAURDING:
which would hamper employees from
Guards are barriers that prevent
performing their assigned tasks quickly
employees from contact with moving portions
and comfortably.
or parts of exposed machinery or equipment
All the employees shall be provided training in
which could cause physical harm to the
the hazards of machines and the importance
employees while enclosures are mounted
of proper machine guards. Machine safety and
physical barriers which prevent access to
machine guarding rules will be thoroughly
moving parts of machinery or equipment.
explained as part of the new hire orientation
The purpose of the machine guarding is
program and annually as refresher safety
done to protect employees from hazards of
training.
moving machinery. All hazardous areas of a
machine shall be guarded to prevent EQUIPMENT AND MATERIAL HANDLING
accidental “Caught in” situations.
A. Mechanical Handling: it is the use of
The machine guarding requirements
machines, tools, equipment for moving and
are below:
positioning materials in a work place because
 Guard shall be affixed to the machine
of their hazardous nature, mechanical
where possible and secured.
handling activities can and do result in serious
 A guard shall not offer an accident
harm to personal damage to plant equipment
hazard in itself.
or the environment and business loss.
6
Page
 Responsibility in Mechanical Handling: Following the simple but essential steps below
Every one involved in mechanical handling should help to control the risks associated with
operations has specific responsibility. These transport, of whatever kind, used in a
are defined in the following paragraph: workplace:
1. Responsible Person: 1. Risk Assessment:
Responsible person who has overall Identity the hazards associated with
responsibility for work activities this person vehicle activities. These activities might
may be the shift supervisor, project etc. the include the arrival and departure of vehicles,
responsible person recognizes the need for loading and unloading etc.
mechanical handling and appoints a 2. The Workplace:
competent person to plan this. Ensure that the design and layout of the
2. Competent Person: workplace enables you to separate vehicles
The competent person is someone who and pedestrians as much as possible.
has the required level of competency to plan 3. Reversing:
and supervise mechanical handling Try to eliminate the need for reversing
operations. and where this is not possible ensure a safe
3. Competent Team: system of work is provided.
Each team member has the 4. Loading and Unloading:
responsibility to know and work within their Ensure loading and unloading operations are
own competency the complete the job. carried up to in be as away from passing traffic
B. Manual Handling: Manual handling and pedestrians. The ground to these areas
involves the use of the human body to left, should be flat, firm and free from pot holes.
lower, fall or carry loads, most manufacturing 5. Vehicles:
system requires some manual handling tasks. Make sure that vehicles are safe and suitable
Manual handling is any activity to lift, for the work.
lower push, pull, carry “or” otherwise move, 6. Drivers:
hold or restrain a person or object. Restrict the driving of all vehicles to
Injuries can occurs when manually those who are trained and authorized.
handling people and objects. Controlling risks 7. Parking:
associated with manual handling requires a Ensure that suitable designed parking
comprehensive approach to protect workers areas are provided for all parking needs.
from ham. Poor manual handling practices are
a major cause of injury organization with ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRICAL
commitment to risk management have the EQUIPMENTS:
potential to eliminate or reduces the risk Electrical power is the most convenient
associated with manual handling. and flexible source of power in the industry
and in the home. It is also a familiar and
TRANSPORT SAFETY: necessary part of every day life. Electricity has
Commonly accidents involve people a wide role in material handling. It is also
being run over by vehicle such as fork lift probably the most dangerous because,
trucks, cars, vans maintenance equipment We cannot see it, we cannot smell it, if
and so on the people working in a work place we feel it, and it may be too late.
can be at risk from the hazards presented by Electrical equipment includes any
the movement of vehicle in work place. machine powered by electricity. More
especially often electrical equipment refers
7

Reducing the transport risks:

Page
 only to components parts of the electrical 5. Class E:
distribution system. Such as, electrical switch Fire due to electricity is termed as class-E fire
boards, distributions boards, circuit breakers “or” electric fire. It happens due to electric
etc. These equipment’s play a vital role in short circuiting.
material handling.
FIRE PROTECTION:
 FIRE: Many automatic fire detection systems
Fire is a combination of fuel, oxidizer are employed today in industry. Many systems
and temperature. Fire is a chemical reaction can warn of the presence of smoke, radiation,
by the combination of fixed proportions of fuel, elevated temperature or increased light
oxidizer and heat. It simply means that fire is a intensity.
rapid oxidation of a material in the chemical Thermal expansion detectors use a
process of combustion, releasing heat, light heat-sensitive metal link that melts at a
and various reaction products. Slower predetermined temperature and ultimately
oxidative process like rusting and digestion are sound an alarm.
not including in this definition- flame is visible Heat sensitive insulations can be used
product of fire and consist of glowing hot which will melt at a predetermined temperature
gases. thereby initiating a short circuit and activating
the alarm.
CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE HAZARDS Photoelectric fire sensors detect
Generally, fire is classified on the bases changes in infrared energy that is radiated by
of fuel types. They are: smoke, often by the smoke particles obscuring
the photoelectric beam. A relay is open under
1. Class A: acceptable conditions and closed to complete
Ordinary combustible materials such as the alarm circuit.
wood, cloth, rubber, paper and some type of Ultraviolet or infrared detectors sound
plastics “or” solid fuels is referred when fire an alarm, when the radiation from flame is
starts due to the above-mentioned detected when rapid changes in radiation
combustible solid fuel it is termed as Class-A intensities are detected, an alarm signal is
fire. given.
 Means of Escape:
2. Class B: It simply means that where by a safe
When fire is starts due to flammable route is provided for a person or employee to
liquids such as gasoline, petrol, paint, oil and escape in case of fire from any part in a
solvents, then it is class-B fire. building to a safe place.

3. Class C:  Action to be taken:

When fire cause “or’ the fuel is gasses If you discover a fire,
like natural gasses, hydrogen, methane, • Raise the alarm
propane “or” other flammable gasses, then it is • Contact security at the earliest possible
called Class-C fire. time.
• Only fight the fire if you are trained in
4. Class D: the use of extinguishers, and your
Fire due to combustible metals such as escape route is clear.
Mg, Ma, K, Li etc., are termed as Class-D fire. • If you have to use an extinguisher
8

check there is no live electricity. i.e.

Page

switch off power first.

 • Does not use a fire extinguisher to put worn or held by a person at work and which
out a fire involving burning gas, turn off protects him against one or more risk to his
the gas, if it is safe to do so or leave the health or safety.
fire for fire brigade? For example’s safety helmets, gloves,
eye protection, high-visibility clothing, safety
CHEMICAL SAFETY: foot wear and safety harnesses, hearing
protection and respiratory protective
Chemicals are used in almost every
equipment provided for most work situations
work place common examples include
are not covered by these regulations because
adhesives (e.g. epoxy resins), cleaning
other regulations because other regulations
agents, paints and even exhaust fumes from
apply to them. However these items need to
cars. A splash from a caustic substance can
be compatible with any other PPE provided.
cause posse of sight, vapors from solvents,
such as adhesives, paint strippers and Nero To allow the right type of PPE to b
sols, can cause permanent damage to the chosen carefully consider the different
brain and nervous system. hazards in the work place. This will enable you
to assess which type of PPE is suitable to
Chemical safety is achieved by
protect against the hazard and for the job to be
undertaking all activities involving chemical in
such a way as to ensure the safety has many done.
scientific and technical components, among
these are toxicology, ecotoxicology and the SAFETY MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES:
process of chemical risk assessment which The following are the safety
required a detailed knowledge of exposure management techniques.
and of biological effects.  Accident Prevention:
An accident is any un-expected or
CONSTRUCTION & DEMOLITION SAFETY: unplanned event that results in personal injury
Demolition work involves many of the or cause loss to individual property, equipment
hazards associated with construction. or combination of all the case of most
accidents is the failure of people, equipment,
However, demolition occurs additional
supplies, or surroundings to behave or react
hazards due to unknown factors. Such as
deviation from the structures, design introduce as expected. While an accident investigation
determines how and why accidents occur. The
during construction approved or unapproved
investigation will lead to the cause of the
modifications that altered the original design
accident.
materials hidden within structural members
and unknown strength or weakness of By eliminating one “or” more causes
construction materials. most accidents are preventable.
To counter these unknown all workers Information obtained from an accident
involved in a demolition project must be fully investigation is used to help prevent future
aware of these types of hazards and the safety accidents from happening. Accident
precautions to take, to control the hazards. prevention is also accomplished by conducting
work safety inspections, reporting unsafe
conditions, providing training and performing
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS
regular “Check up’s” on equipment and tools.
(PPE):
PPE means all the type of equipment
which is used to prevent the person from any
hazard, accident or any undesirable situation.
“OR” All equipment’s which is intended to be
9
Page
  Risk Assessment: 3) Then choose your training methods
Risk is the change that someone be and resources.
harmed by hazard or potential losses 4) Then deliver the training has worked.
themselves may also be called risk.
Risk assessment mean the analysis of  Accident Investigation:
risks which will tells us the intensity or change The term “accident” can be defined as n
of risk involved in the job “OR” result of risk unplanned event that interrupts the completion
analysis use to make decision based on of an activity and that may or may not include
compared with risks targets or ranking. “OR” injury are property damage
Measuring the extent & chance of risk involved An accident usually referred to an
in job. unexpected event that did not cause damage
We do risk assessment for: or injury this time but had the potential “Near
1) A protective approach to minimize risk. miss” or dangerous occurrence” are also harm
2) To specify risks for better control for an event that could have caused harm but
measure did not.
3) To continuously review and update the Reasons to investigate workplace
risk control measures. accident include:
4) To create awareness about hazards.  Most importantly, to find the cause
5) To comply with legal requirements. ofaccidents and to prevent accidents
in future.
 Health and Safety Training:  To fulfill any legal requirements.
Over 200 people are killed each year in  To determined compliance with
accidents at work and over one million people applicable safety regulations.
are injured. Over two million suffer illnesses  To process worker’s compensation
caused by, or made worse by their work. claims. Incidents that involve no injury
Preventing accidents and ill health caused by or property damage should still be
work. Providing health and safety information investigated to determine the hazards
and training helps you to: that should be corrected. The hazards
 Insure employees are not injured that should be corrected. The same
ormade ill by the work they do. principles supply to a quick injury of a
 Develop a positive health and safety minor incident and to the more formal
culture investigation of a serious event.
 Find out how you could manage heatlh
and safety better.
 Meet legal duty to protect the health
and safety of employees.

Training means helping people to learn

how to do something, telling people what they
should or should not do, or simply giving them
information. Training is just about formal
‘classroom’ course.
The procedure of health and safety training
are below:
1) First decide what training your
10

organization need.
Page

2) Then decide your training priorities.