Theory:
An Overlock Machine, also known as a Serger, is used in garment manufacturing
to sew over the edge of one or two pieces of fabric for edging, hemming, or
seaming. It trims excess fabric and locks the thread around the edge, preventing
fraying.
Key Features:
Usually uses 3, 4, or 5 threads
Equipped with loopers and needles
Has a built-in knife to trim fabric edge
Commonly used in knitwear and woven garments
Uses:
Seam finishing
Decorative edging
Stretchy garment seams
Preventing unraveling of fabric edges
Overlock Machine Main Parts:
Main Functions of an Overlock Machine:
1. Edge Finishing / Seam Neatening
o Prevents fabric edges from fraying.
o Gives garments a professional, clean finish.
2. Seaming / Stitching Fabric Pieces Together
o Joins two or more layers of fabric with a strong and flexible stitch.
o Especially useful for stretch or knit fabrics.
3. Trimming Excess Fabric
o Has built-in blades that trim fabric as it stitches, making seams neat
and uniform.
4. Stretch Seams for Knit Fabrics
o Uses multiple threads (commonly 3, 4, or 5) to create flexible seams
that stretch with the fabric.
o Ideal for activewear, underwear, and T-shirts.
5. Decorative Stitching
o Can be used creatively with decorative threads for visible seams or
edges.
6. Rolled Hems
o Creates narrow, fine hems on lightweight fabrics (e.g., scarves,
napkins, lingerie).
7. Flatlocking
o Used to create flat seams that lie flat against the skin—great for
sportswear and children's clothes.
Maintenance Scheduling Chart
Proper maintenance ensures machine durability, better seam quality, and operator
safety.
Daily Maintenance Chart
Done
Task Description
By
Use blower/brush around needle,
Clean lint and thread dust Operator
looper, and feed dog
Check thread tension Ensure even tension on all threads Operator
Check needle condition Replace bent or blunt needles Operator
Oil moving parts lightly (if Especially around needle bar, looper,
Operator
manual oiling type) feed dog
Inspect blade (trimmer) Ensure it’s sharp and not damaged Operator
Weekly Maintenance Chart
Task Description Done By
Remove side covers and clean
Deep clean inside covers Technician
interior
Check oil level (for automatic
Refill if needed Technician
lubrication type)
Dust removal, verify
Check and clean the motor Technician
performance
Tighten loose screws and parts Frame, tension discs, covers Technician
Inspect belts and pulleys Look for wear or slack Technician
Monthly Maintenance Chart
Task Description Done By
Full lubrication As per machine manual Technician
Check timing of looper and needle Adjust if off Technician
Blade sharpening or replacement If cutting is uneven Technician
Electrical and motor checkup Test connections, clean terminals Technician
Test stitch quality On all fabric types used Supervisor
Maintenance Tips:
Use only recommended oil.
Always turn off the power during maintenance.
Use clean, dry air to blow dust.
Keep machine manual nearby for reference.
Schedule maintenance logs and stick to them.
Conclusion:
Proper maintenance of an overlock machine is essential for ensuring its optimal
performance, longevity, and consistent stitch quality. Through this study, it is
evident that regular cleaning, timely lubrication, accurate threading, and inspection
of key components (such as loopers, knives, and tension discs) significantly reduce
machine downtime and enhance production efficiency.
