2025학년도 효양고등학교 3학년 영어 독해와 작문 학번 : 이름 : 0

EBS 수능특강 영어독해연습 5강 1번

MI :
Cooperation is a hallmark of human society. Not merely do people behave considerately

toward complete strangers, they sometimes make substantial financial and even physical

sacrifices for them. Such behavior seems impossible to explain with classic models of the

evolution of altruism in which cooperation between unrelated others can arise only when the

same individuals interact repeatedly. However, new models of the evolution of human sociality

and the results of experiments to test them suggest that a sense of fairness and other

foundations of morality have deep evolutionary roots. Such models consider processes at the

level of groups of individuals, but without relying on the discredited notion of group selection

in which individuals act “for the good of the group.” Genes promoting prosocial tendencies in

individuals can arise when groups compete in ways argued to be characteristic of the early

stages of human evolution. In particular, such conditions may have promoted the evolution of

strong reciprocity, a tendency to cooperate with anonymous unrelated others and to punish

those who do not do the same even when doing so is costly to the punisher.

altruism costly hallmark reciprocity

anonymous morality sociality considerately
substantial prosocial discredited promote

[Analysis]

Not merely [ do ] people behave considerately toward complete strangers, they sometimes make

substantial financial and even physical sacrifices for them.

➔ 사람들은 [ 완전히 낯선 이에게 사려 깊게 행동 ]할 뿐만 아니라 때로는 [ 그들을 위해 상당한 금전적,

심지어 신체적 희생 ]을 한다.

Genes promoting prosocial tendencies in individuals can arise when groups compete in ways argued to be

characteristic of the early stages of human evolution.

➔ 개인에게서 [ 친사회적 성향을 촉진하는 유전자 ]는 [ 인류 진화 초기 단계의 특징이라고 주장되는 방식

]으로 [ 집단이 경쟁할 ]때 발생할 수 있다.

 2025학년도 효양고등학교 3학년 영어 독해와 작문 학번 : 이름 : 0

EBS 수능특강 영어독해연습 5강 4번

MI :
A hallmark of immigrant parents that has been found across socioeconomic groups and

countries of origin is that first-generation immigrant parents place a high value on the

educational achievement of their adolescent children. Immigrant parents tend to view earning

good grades, finishing high school, and attending college as the primary means through which

their children can establish themselves in their country of destination. Compared to native-born

parents with similar education levels, immigrant parents have been found to have higher

educational aspirations for their children. Immigrant adolescents internalize their parents’

values regarding the importance of education and tend to study more and devote more effort

to their schoolwork than do nonimmigrant adolescents. During adolescence, immigrants’ peer

groups often become more segregated from nonimmigrants’ peer groups, with the immigrant

adolescents supporting their peers’ academic achievement, particularly for higher SES

(socioeconomic status) adolescents.

immigrant aspiration internalize

place a high value on devote ~ to hallmark
adolescent socioeconomic segregated

[Analysis]

A hallmark of immigrant parents that has been found across socioeconomic groups and countries of

origin is that first-generation immigrant parents [ places / place ] a high value on the educational

achievement of their adolescent children.

➔ [ 사회경제적 집단과 출신 국가를 통틀어 발견되는 이민자 부모 ]의 특징은, 이민 1세대 부모가 [ 청소년기 자

녀의 교육적 성취에 높은 가치를 둔다 ]는 것이다.

Immigrant adolescents internalize their parents’ values regarding the importance of education and tend

to study more and devote more effort to their schoolwork than [ do ] nonimmigrant adolescents.

➔ 이민 청소년은 [ 교육의 중요성에 대한 부모의 가치관을 내면화 ]하여 [ 비이민 청소년이 그러는 것 ]보다

[ 더 많이 공부하고 학업에 더 많은 노력을 기울이 ]는 경향이 있다.

 2025학년도 효양고등학교 3학년 영어 독해와 작문 학번 : 이름 : 0

EBS 수능특강 영어독해연습 5강 6번

MI :

In principle, there is an intuitively plausible relationship between profit and team quality. Fans

like to watch exciting games where the outcome is uncertain. This is a result of competitive

balance between the opponents. Tight, hard-fought games are more fun to watch than lopsided

games in which the outcome is never in doubt. However, fans also prefer to see their team

win. As a result, attendance should increase with improvement in the team’s performance.

Presumably, better teams win more than weaker teams. Thus, improved team quality should

translate into more wins and therefore increased attendance. With a given set of prices,

increased attendance turns into increased revenue from gate receipts, parking, and concessions.

This increased revenue should lead to higher profit, but it costs more to field a higher-quality

team than a lower-quality team. Consequently, there is a trade-off and therefore an optimal

level of team quality that will vary from team to team depending on variation in the fan

base.

in principle field variation lopsided

profit trade-off intuitively revenue
presumably optimal plausible concession

[Analysis]

Tight, hard-fought games are more fun to watch than lopsided games in which the outcome is never

in doubt.

➔ [ 막상막하이고 격전을 벌이는 경기 ]가 [ 결과가 결코 불확실하지 않은 한쪽으로 기운 경기 ]보다 보기에

더 재미있다.

Consequently, there is a trade-off and therefore an optimal level of team quality that will vary from

team to team depending on variation in the fan base.

➔ [ 결과적으로 ], 트레이드오프가 있으며, [ 따라서 팬 지지 기반의 차이에 따라 팀마다 다를 최적의 팀 전력

]이 있다.
 2025학년도 효양고등학교 3학년 영어 독해와 작문 학번 : 이름 : 0

EBS 수능특강 영어독해연습 5강 10번

MI :
Animals regularly engage in future-oriented behaviors, from nest-building to hibernation.

Clearly these behaviors are functionally prospective, but the extent to which they are

controlled by cognitive processes remains an open question. Migrating birds, for example, travel

long distances to avoid cold winters, without ever having experienced a winter, warmer

climates, or the dangers of travel. These birds are unable to know what it is they are

avoiding and why this course of action benefits them. Indeed, when two bird populations with

different migratory paths are cross-bred, the resulting offspring migrate in a direction halfway

between that of their parents, suggesting that direction of migration is genetically determined.

From this example we can see that not all prospective behaviors can be considered to involve

awareness of the future, but may instead be automatic responses to natural (e.g., seasonal

changes in day length or hormones), or learned, cues.

hibernation future-oriented determine cognitive

cross-breed prospective cue resulting
offspring migrate functionally awareness

[Analysis]

Migrating birds, for example, travel long distances to avoid cold winters, without ever having

experienced a winter, warmer climates, or the dangers of travel.

➔ 예를 들어, 철새들은 [ 겨울, 더 따뜻한 기후, 또는 이동의 위험을 한 번도 경험한 적이 없음 ]에도 불구하고

[ 추운 겨울을 피하고자 장거리를 이동 ]한다.

Indeed, when two bird populations with different migratory paths are cross-bred, the resulting

offspring migrate in a direction halfway between that of their parents, suggesting that direction of

migration is genetically determined.

➔ 실제로, [ 서로 다른 이동 경로를 가진 두 조류 개체군이 이종 교배 ]되면 [ 그 결과로 생기는 새끼 ]는

[ 부모의 이동 방향 간의 중간 방향으로 이동 ]하는데, 이는 [ 이동 방향이 유전적으로 결정된다는 점 ]을

시사한다.