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Comparative study on dyeing conventional polyester and microfibre polyester

with disperse dye and evaluate different dyeing effects

Article in Journal of Fashion Technology & Textile Engineering · October 2023

DOI: 10.15406/jteft.2023.09.00350

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 Journal of Textile Engineering & Fashion Technology

Research Article Open Access

Comparative study on dyeing conventional polyester

and microfibre polyester with disperse dye and
evaluate different dyeing effects
Abstract Volume 9 Issue 6 - 2023
In this study, an attempt was taken to dye conventional and microfibre polyester filaments
with disperse dye and evaluate their different dyeing effects in similar dyeing condition.
Kazi Sifat Muntasir,1 Akash Kumar Saha,2
The main attention was given to find out K/S values, color difference and different color Fadia Afrin,2 Umme Salma,2 Mohammad
fastness properties (light and wash fastness) and also the amount of dyes addition required Mahbubul Alam2
for microfibre polyester filaments to get the same depth of shade as conventional one’s.
1
Department of Textile Engineering, Port City International
University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
There were three different hues (Red, Navy and Green) of 5 different shades (0.5%, 1.5%, 2
Department of Textile Engineering, Ahsanullah University of
3%, 4% and 6%) were used. The result shows that, microfibre polyester requires higher
Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
amount of dyes due to more surface area and greater absorbing capability of it. Almost
similar light fastness was found in both conventional and microfibre polyester filaments Correspondence: Mohammad Mahbubul Alam, Department
and lower wash fastness properties of microfibre filaments when compared to those of of Textile Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and
conventional polyester. Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Email:

Keywords: polyester, microfiber polyester, disperse dyes, k/s, fastness Received: October 20, 2023 | Published: October 31, 2023

Introduction specific surface areas present in microfiber, higher concentration of

dye is required to produce a given depth of shade when compared
The textile industry is searching for new solutions these days to the conventional filament.16–18 In comparison to conventional
and is moving toward using innovative, eco-friendly, and efficient fibers, polyester microfibres absorb disperse dyes at a faster rate
technologies while maintaining competitiveness and quality. and to a greater extent. Microfibres can absorb up to 2-3 or even 4-5
Enhancing the performance of textiles in terms of permeability, times as much disperse dye, with the amount of this differential dye
biodegradability, resilience, elastic recovery, and other areas has been uptake varying depending on the dye structure, fiber fineness, and
the main focus of a lot of recent research.1,2 In this situation, traditional cross-sectional shape. This behavior has also been explained by a
fibers are unable to satisfy the ever-expanding and changing demands distinction between the amorphous zones of polyester microfibres and
of the textile market. In response to these commercial demands, ordinary fibers.19 On microfibres, the leveling behavior of the colors
a number of recent studies have been able to create bicomponent, is frequently worse. Microfiber dyeing sometimes starts at a lower
tricomponent, and even more fibers or filaments by combining multiple temperature than that used for conventional fibers in order to improve
polymers into a single filament. Two or more polymers extruded from leveling. Moreover, it is typically done so at a slower rate until the
the same spinneret combine to form these fibers.3,4 Their physical and temperature reaches the required level. Disperse dyes are used for
chemical characteristics, such as molecular weight, strength, melting dyeing both microfiber and conventional polyester. Though same dye
temperature, and crystallinity, set them apart from one another.5 is used, dyeing of microfiber creates some difficulties during dyeing
Polyester, chemically known as Polyethylene terephthalate is and also in color fastness.
one of the most commercially valuable polymers.6 The polymer In this study, we measured the color strength and color differences
chain of polyester contains ester group as an integral part, at least between conventional and microfiber polyester filament dyed with
85% of a polymeric ester of a substituted aromatic carboxylic acid, disperse dyes in a similar dyeing condition to calculate the additional
including but not restricted to terephthalic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic amount of dyes required for microfiber polyester. Also, the wash and
acid. Apart from becoming popular as textile fiber, polyester is also light fastness differences were measured.
commonly used in fibers for industrial purposes, automobile textiles,
reinforcement materials etc. as it is versatile and can be blended in Experimental
different types of textile and other materials.7,8 Microfiber can be
defined as a fiber which is finer than 1 denier or 1 dtex. Their diameter Materials
commonly ranges between 0.25 and 1 denier.9–11 Microfiber can In this study, 75D/36F (conventional) and 75D/72F (microfiber)
be produced by direct spinning and conjugate spinning process.12 100% polyester filaments were collected from Knit Concern Yarn
Microfiber possesses the comfortability of natural fibers having the Dyeing Limited, Narayanganj, Bangladesh. All the chemicals were
advantages of synthetic fibers. Microfiber is commonly used for commercial grade and used without any prior purification including
fabrics with a new hand and smooth drape, weather protective clothing, Felosan NOF (Detergent), CHT; Univadine TOP (Levelling agent),
cleaning and filtration purpose, and also for medical applications.12–14 Huntsman; Kappatex R 98 (Reducing agent), Kappa Chem. Caustic
As there are more filaments present in the cross section of the yarn, soda and Acetic acid were collected from local supplier. The source of
it results in more surface area and compact structure.15 Microfiber all the disperse dyes was Huntsman, Bangladesh.
also exhibits higher strength due to that reason. As there is more

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com J Textile Eng Fashion Technol. 2023;9(5):156‒159. 156

©2023 Muntasir et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.
Comparative study on dyeing conventional polyester and microfibre polyester with disperse dye and Copyright:
©2023 Muntasir et al. 157
evaluate different dyeing effects

Method Dyeing
Pre-treatment: The pretreatment process was carried out due to The dyeing procedure was carried out in both polyester filaments
remove the spin finishes from the raw polyester filaments. Ahiba IR (75D/36F and 75D/72F) with combination of red and navy colors
(Datacolor, USA) laboratory dyeing machine were used to do the (Disperse dyes) in 5 different shades% i.e., 0.5%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.0%,
pretreatment process by using a detergent (Felosan NOF, 2 g/l) at and 6.0% in an Ahiba IR (Datacolor, USA) laboratory dyeing machine
80°C for 20 min with a liquor ratio of 1:10. Figure 1 shows the process with a liquor ratio of 1:10 for 45 minutes at 135°C. The dyeing was
flow curve of the pretreatment process. carried out in acidic conditions by adding into the bath acetic acid
(0.5 g/l) and for uniform dyeing a levelling agent (Univadine TOP: 2
g/l) were also used. The following combination of dyes are shown in
Table 1 (Figure 2).

Figure 1 Process diagram of pre-treatment of the filaments.

Figure 2 Process diagram of dyeing.

Once the dying process was finished, a 20-minute hot wash was Finally, the conventional polyester (75D/36F) dyed with 3.0%
performed at 80°C. According to literature, for the improving of shade of Combination 1 (Terasil Yellow W-6GS, Terasil Red WW-
fatness properties, a reduction clearing treatment was done by using a 3BS), and 1.5% shade of Combination 2 (Terasil Blue 3RL and also
reducing agent (2g/l) and caustic soda (2 g/l) at 80°C for 20 minutes Terasil Yellow W-6GS, Terasil Red WW-3BS, Terasil Navy GRLC)
with a liquor ratio of 1:10. Neutralization process was carried out were taken as standard for color matching. The microfiber polyester
using acetic acid at a concentration of 1g/l for 20 minutes at 50°C (75D/72F) were dyed with four predicted recipes to match the color
with similar quantity of liquor used in previous steps. with the conventional one. The predicted recipes are shown in Table 2.

Table 1 Recipes for dyeing conventional and microfiber polyester

Shade percentage 0.50% 1.50% 3.00% 4.00% 6.00%

Terasil Yellow W-6GS 0.01 0.04 0.1 0.13 0.25

Red Terasil Red WW-3BS 0.48 1.42 2.8 3.74 5.5

Terasil Blue 3RL 0.01 0.04 0.1 0.13 0.25

Dyes
Terasil Yellow W-6GS 0.06 0.16 0.3 0.3 0.57

Navy Terasil Red WW-3BS 0.16 0.14 0.9 1.32 1.98

Terasil Navy GRLC 0.28 1.2 1.8 2.38 3.45

Table 2 Predicted recipes for color matching

Recipes
Dyes
Recipe 1 Recipe 2 Recipe 3 Recipe 4

Red Terasil Yellow W-6GS 0.242 0.23 0.19 0.23

Terasil Red WW-3BS 3.3 4.08 3.75 3.82

Terasil Blue 3RL 0.158 0.158 0.125 0.144

Navy Terasil Yellow W-6GS 0.17 0.168 0.169 0.152

Terasil Red WW-3BS 0.46 0.408 0.42 0.443

Terasil Navy GRLC 1.76 1.51 1.73 1.73

Citation: Muntasir KS, Saha AK, Afrin F, et al. Comparative study on dyeing conventional polyester and microfibre polyester with disperse dye and evaluate
different dyeing effects. J Textile Eng Fashion Technol. 2023;9(5):156‒159. DOI: 10.15406/jteft.2023.09.00350
Comparative study on dyeing conventional polyester and microfibre polyester with disperse dye and Copyright:
©2023 Muntasir et al. 158
evaluate different dyeing effects

Testing
K/S values of the dyed polyester filaments
Color strength (K/S) values of the dyed polyester filaments were
measured by dual beam DataColor 650 spectrophotometer pulsed
xenon filtered to approximate illuminant D65. Diffused illumination
and 8° viewing angle were used during measurement. The relevant
software used Kubelka-Munk equation for measurement.

(1 − R )
2
K (1)
=
S 2R
Eq. 1 K is absorption co-efficient; S is scattering co-efficient and R
is the sample reflectance value.17 Figure 4 K/S values of 36F and 72F Navy samples.

Color difference Also, as there are differences in color strength between conventional
and microfibre polyester, no values of E are ≤1. So, according to CIE
The differences in color between two dyed samples were measured Lab theory, we can say that color is not matched for every shade of
by E (CMC) with the help of spectrophotometer. The relevant different hues in different light sources.
software used following equation during measurement:
The rating of fastness shows that color fastness to wash on staining

( ) + ( ∆C ) + ( ∆H ) (2)
2 2 2
* * * for both conventional polyester and microfibre polyester is excellent
∆E = ∆L or good to excellent. It means that there is no staining or very slight
staining to no staining on different multi-fibre fabric. Though both
Eq. 2 is the color difference, difference in lightness or conventional and microfibre polyester filaments shows quite similar
darkness, is difference in chroma, and is difference in hue. ratings, microfibre polyester shows relatively more staining when
CIE lab theory were used for color matching. According to the theory compared to conventional polyester.
If, , Color is matched and , Color is not matched.20
Also, color fastness to wash on shade change for conventional
Determination of color fastness polyester are mostly excellent i.e. no change in color. Only 6% shade
shows slight loss in depth to no change in shade. On the other hand,
Color fastness to wash of the polyester filaments were determined
color fastness to wash on shade change for microfibre polyester are
used ISO 105 C06 (C2S) test method. Gyrowash Machine (James H.
mostly good to excellent i.e., slight loss in depth to no change. Only
Heal Co. Ltd, England). Sample size was 10cm×4cm. DW multifiber
0.5% shade shows no change in shade. From the ratings, conventional
fabric (James H. Heal Co. Ltd, England) and grey scale for assessing
polyester filaments have comparatively better wash fastness on shade
color change and staining (SDC Enterprise, UK) was used. Color
change than microfibre polyester. It is possible to explain the reduced
fastness to light were determined using ISO 105-B02 test method.
wet fastness of dispersed dyes on microfibres by the increased dye
Sample size was 1cm×5cm. Microsol Light Fastness Tester (James
uptake within the fiber as well as the increased specific surface area
H. Heal Co. Ltd, England) and Blue Wool scale (James H. Heal,
available for dye desorption. The increased dye uptake on microfibres
England) was used for assessment.
explains why the fastness of dyeing to sublimation on them is lower
Results and discussion than on ordinary fibers.19

Figure 3 and Figure 4 shows that 36F (conventional) and 72F Both conventional and microfibre polyester filament shows
(microfibre) Polyester both were dyed with same recipe for those of very high light fastness (rating 7-8 on blue wool scale). Microfibre
Red and Navy colored samples, there were differences between the polyester shows slightly lower light fastness properties but that may
color strength of conventional polyester and the microfibre polyester. be negligible. From Figure 5, it is evident that the K/S value for Recipe
Microfibre polyester have less color strength than the conventional 4 (72F) is closest to the standard (36F Red 3.0%). For the Navy color,
polyester. It occurs because microfibre polyesters have more surface Figure 6 shows that the K/S value for Recipe 3(72F) is closest to the
areas because of having more filaments in the same cross section (as standard (36F Navy, 1.5%).
both have same count i.e., 75D) as conventional polyester.

Figure 5 K/S Values for color matching for Red.

Figure 3 K/S values of 36F and 72F Red samples.

Citation: Muntasir KS, Saha AK, Afrin F, et al. Comparative study on dyeing conventional polyester and microfibre polyester with disperse dye and evaluate
different dyeing effects. J Textile Eng Fashion Technol. 2023;9(5):156‒159. DOI: 10.15406/jteft.2023.09.00350
Comparative study on dyeing conventional polyester and microfibre polyester with disperse dye and Copyright:
©2023 Muntasir et al. 159
evaluate different dyeing effects

Conflicts of interest
Author declares that there is no conflict of interest.

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Funding
None.

Citation: Muntasir KS, Saha AK, Afrin F, et al. Comparative study on dyeing conventional polyester and microfibre polyester with disperse dye and evaluate
different dyeing effects. J Textile Eng Fashion Technol. 2023;9(5):156‒159. DOI: 10.15406/jteft.2023.09.00350

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