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PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF

MOISTURIZING CREAM

Shital k. shinde*, Dr. Rajendra M. kawade

College name : Nandkumar shinde college of pharmacy, vaijapur 423701 Dist : chh. Sambhajinagar.

ABSTRACT:

Moisturizing creams play a crucial role in skincare by enhancing hydration and promoting skin health. This study
aimed to formulate a novel moisturizing cream using natural ingredients known for their skin-beneficial properties.
The cream was prepared using aloe vera extract, glycerine, castor oil, cucumber extract, rose water, and vitamin
c capsules. Each ingredient was selected for its moisturizing, soothing, and antioxidant properties, which are
essential for maintaining skin hydration and combating oxidative stress. The formulation process involved
blending these ingredients in precise proportions to achieve a stable and effective cream. Physicochemical
characterization, including pH, viscosity, spreadability, and stability tests, was conducted to assess the quality
and shelf-life of the cream. Furthermore, the cream's moisturizing efficacy was evaluated through hydration
studies using instrumental techniques and sensory evaluations by human volunteers. Results demonstrated that
the formulated cream exhibited desirable characteristics such as suitable pH, optimal viscosity for easy application,
good spreadability, and stability over time. Moreover, it significantly improved skin hydration levels compared
to baseline measurements, as evidenced by instrumental assessments and positive feedback from users. Overall,
this study highlights the potential of natural ingredients in skincare formulations and underscores the importance
of effective moisturizing creams in maintaining skin health and beauty.

Keywords: Herbal, moisturizing, Hydrating, Nourishing, Skin-rejuvenating, Soothing

INTRODUCTION:

The word "cosmetics" comes from the Greek verb "kosmesticos" which means "to beautify".Since then, any
substance used for aesthetic enhancement or advertising is called a cosmetic. The term "cosmetics" originates
from ancient Rome. The term "cosmetics" originated from the fact that they were usually made by female
slaves,"cosmetics". Cosmetics are used to improve appearance.1 Make-up has been used for millennia. The
Egyptians are known to be the first people to use makeup to enhance their appearance. Back then, makeup simply
consisted of eye color or body color The Ayurvedic system of medicine was one of the most important systems
that uses herbal plant and extract of the treatment of management of various Diseases state. Aloe vera gel contains
no Antraquinone. Which are Responsible for the strong laxative affects of aloes. However, total leaf extract may
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contain Antraquinone. Aloe vera contains 75 potentially active constituents like Vitamines, Enzymes, Minerals,
Sugars, Saponis, Amino acids. Amla, SynonymsEmblica Officinalis. Family- Euphorbiaceae. Which also known
as Indian gooseberry. It contains Vitamin C considered important to slow the ageing radicals. Vitamins C is a
Scavenger of free radicals which break them down. And also contain Amino acid like glutamic acid, proline, And
Aspartic acids etc. Protein, Minerals. Amla having show Antioxidant,Anti-cancer,Antibacterial Activity. Aloe
Vera is herbal ingredient,Aloe Vera also relieves itching and also helps in the treatment of blisters. Aloe contains
vitamins B1,B2, B6, B12 and C, which soothe and make the skin pleasant.

PHYSIOLOGY OF HUMAN SKIN :

Epidermis : The epidermis is the most superficial layer of the skin and is composed of stratified keratinised
squamous epithelium, which varies in thickness in different parts of the body. It is thickest on the palms of the
hands and soles of the feet. There are no blood vessels or nerve endings in the epidermis, but its deeper layers
are bathed in interstitial fluid from the dermis, which provides oxygen and nutrients, and drains away as lymph.

Dermis : The dermis is tough and elastic. It is formed from connective tissue and the matrix contains collagen
fibres interlaced with elastic fibres. Rupture of elastic fibres occurs when the skin is overstretched, resulting in
permanent striae, or stretch marks, that may be found in pregnancy and obesity. Collagen fibres bind water and
give the skin its tensile strength, but as this ability declines with age, wrinkles develop. Fibroblasts,
macrophages and mast cells are the main cells found in the dermis. Underlying its deepest layer there is areolar
tissue and varying amounts of adipose (fat) tissue.

Subcutaneous gland: These consist of secretory epithelial cells derived from the same tissue as the hair
follicles. They secrete an oily substance, sebum, into the hair follicles and are present in the skin of all parts of
the body except the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. They are most numerous in the skin of the
scalp, face, axillae and groins. In regions of transition from one type of superficial epithelium to another, such
as lips, eyelids, nipple, labia minora and glans penis, there are sebaceous glands that are independent of hair
follicles, secreting sebum directly onto the surface.

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CREAMS :

Creams are the topical preparations which can be applied on the skin. Creams are defined as “viscous liquid or
semi-solid emulsions of either the oil-in-water or water-in-oil type” dosage forms which consistency varies by
oil and water. Creams are used for cosmetic purposes such as cleansing, beautifying, improving appearances,
protective or for therapeutic function. These topical formulations are used for the localized effect for the
delivery of the drug into the underlying layer of the skin or the mucous membrane. These products are designed
to be used topically for the better site specific delivery of the drug into the skin for skin disorders. Creams are
considered as a pharmaceutical product as they are prepared based on techniques developed in the
pharmaceutical industry; unmedicated and medicated creams are highly used for the treatment of various skin
conditions or dermatoses. Creams can be ayurvedic, herbal or allopathic which are used by people according to
their needs for their skin conditions. They contain one or more drugs substances dissolved or dispersed in a
suitable base. Creams may be classified as o/w or w/o type of emulsion on the basis of phases. The term ‘cream’
has been traditionally applied to semisolid formulated as either water-in-oil (e.g.: cold cream) or oil in-water
(e.g.: vanishing cream).

TYPES OF SKIN CREAMS :

They are divided into two types:

Oil-in-Water (O/W) : creams which are composed of small droplets of oil dispersed in a continuous phase, and
an emulsion in which the oil is dispersed as droplets throughout the aqueous phase is termed an oil-in water
(O/W) emulsion.

Water-in-Oil (W/O): creams which are composed of small droplets of water dispersed in a continuous oily
phase. When water is the dispersed phase and an oil the dispersion medium, the emulsion is of the water-in oil
(W/O) type.

CLASSIFICATION OF CREAMS : Types of creams according to function, characteristic properties and

type of emulsion:

1. Make-up cream (o/w emulsion):

a) Vanishing creams.

b) Foundation creams.

2. Cleansing cream, Cleansing milk, Cleansing lotion (w/o emulsion)

3. Winter cream (w/o emulsion):

a) Cold cream or moisturizing creams.

4. All-purpose cream and general creams.

5. Night cream and massage creams.

6. Skin protective cream.

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7. Hand and body creams.

Advantages:

1. The main advantage of herbal moisturizer is that it enhances the Skin Drynesswithout any side effects.

2. It reduces the further chances of skin problems.

3. This moisturizer helps to fight wrinkles

4. Less greasy compared to other ointments

5. Moisturizing help your skin stay young.

6. With small quantity they are very effective as compared to synthetic cosmetics

Disadvantages:

1. Herbal drugs have slower effects as compare to Allopathic dosages form Also it requires long term therapy.
2. Manufacturing process are time consuming and complicated.
3. Most of herbal drugs are not easily available.
4. They are difficult to hide taste and odor.
5. Less stable as compare to ointment.

The benefits of moisturizing cream are:

➢ Moisturizing cream is a water-oil emulsion suitable for the winter season.

➢ Moist cream provides a longer contact time at the time of use compared to other semi-solid dosage forms or
formulations.

➢ They give the skin elegance and it is not so greasy.

➢ Thanks to the oil phase, it softens the skin.3

➢ The function of a moisturizing cream is to restore moisture to dry skin.

➢ It can be used to remove impurities from the pores and also to cool the body.

➢ It is easy to wash off with water.

➢ They are non-irritating when applied to the skin.

Drug and profile :

1 )Aloe vera:

Aloe Vera Aloe Vera is a sensitized or very short stem plant that grows to a height of 60-100 centimeters. The
leaves are thick and fleshy, grey green. Aloevera is a species of aloe known primarily for its medicinal
properties. Aloe species are common on the continents of Eastern Europe and spread almost everywhere in the
world.

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Synonyms: Aloe, Musabbar, Kumari.

Biological source:Aloes are the dried juice obtained by transversely cut
leaves of various species of
Aloe barbedensis Miller,
Aloe perryi Baker ,
Aloe spicata Baker and Aloe Africana Miller.
Family: Liliaceae
Chemical constituents: Anthracene glycosides,Barbaloin, Isobarbaloin, aloe-
emodin and aloesone.Resins (resinotannol +cinnamic acid or coumaric
acid).Also contains Aloetic acid, homonataloin etc.
Uses : Purgative, Laxative , Used for Ulcers and burns, Aloe found many
uses in cosmetics nowadays like, Hair conditioner, Hand and body lotion, Moisture base cleanser,
Shampoo and facewash

2) Cucumber:

Cucumber are great for dehydrated skin due to its hydrating

properties and oily skin due to its astringent properties. They are also
suitable for sensitive or irritated skin. Fresh cucumbers can beused
directly on your skin to tighten it.Cucumber extract is anti-
inflammatory and soothes skin. It may also help with dark circles and
puffiness around the eyes. Rich in minerals like potassium, it may
help firm skin which can help reduce some of the signs of aging.
Synonym: cucumber,Khira
Biological source : it is fruit which is obtained from plant cucumissativus.
Family:cucurbitaceae
Chemical constituents :water (95%) and small amounts of protein (0.6%), lipids (0.1%) and
carbohydrates (2.2%).
Uses :
Hydration, Cancer removal, Bad breath problem, Arthritis and gout pain, Diabetics and hypertension,
Weight loss,Hair and nail growth.
3) Rose water:

• Rose water can clam your skin

• It has anti aging property
• Rose water makes great facial mist

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• It can be used to create fragrance

• Rose water is a powerful ingredient in a facial treatment
• May hydrates the skin
• May help balance skin pH level

4) Glycerine:

Glycerine is a humectant, which means it attracts moisture to the skin. It helps to keep the skin hydrated by
drawing water from the air into the skin's outer layer. Glycerine also forms a protective layer on the skin,
preventing moisture loss and keeping the skin soft and supple.

5) Vitamin C tablet:

Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that helps to brighten the skin, fade dark spots, and even out skin tone. It
also boosts collagen production, which helps to firm and plump the skin, reducing the appearance of fine lines
and wrinkles. Vitamin C oil can also protect the skin from environmental damage and UV radiation.

6) Castor Oil:

Biological source :derived from castor bean plant seeds, belonging to family Euphorbiaceae .

Chemical constituents : Approximately 90% of the fatty acid content in castor oil is made up of ricinoleic acid.

Castor oil is a vegetable oil pressed from castor beans. It is a colourless or pale yellow liquid with a distinct
taste and odour. Castor oil's anti-inflammatory properties make it an excellent massage oil for arthritic joints,
sore muscles, and inflammation of your nerves. The ricinoleic acid that castor oil contains possess the ability to
boost anti-inflammatory properties within the body and is considered a safe remedy for arthritis pain.

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Material and methodology:

Sr.
Ingredients F1 F2 F3
No.
1 Aloe vera gel 30 ml 25 ml 20 ml
2 Cucumber extract + glycerin 10 ml 15 ml 20ml
3 Castor oil 1ml 1 ml 1 ml
4 Rose water 2 ml 2 ml 2 ml
5 Vitamin C tablet 2 tablet 2 tablet 2tablet

Methodology:

1. The moisturizer was prepared by using Aloe vera , Cucumber , Glycerin , castor oil , Rose water , Vitamin E
capsule , Vitamin C tablet, etc.
2. Different slab techniques and methods were used to mix all different kinds of excipients, particularly herbal
extracts.
3. By using extraction, we filtrate pure gel of Aloe vera from Aloe vera leaves and by using slab techniques we
developed three different batches of our herbal cream.

4. The various types of batches designed as F1, F2, & F3.

5. The formulation as well as evaluation for each batch done separately.
6. By using parameters like pH, Viscosity, Irritancy, Phase separation etc. we evaluated all formulations of
herbal cream .

Formulation development :

1. In order to create a herbal cream, we must first gather various glassware items, such as beakers,
spatulas, measuring cups, petri dishes, or other tools, such as stirrers and mixers.
2. After that we have to extract pure Aloe vera gel from leaves of Aloe barbadesis miller.
3. Take 10 min distilled water in a beaker and placed into the water bath. When water is start to warm,
add agar agar into it until completely dissolve. after which three separate formulations, designated
F1, F2, and F3, must be made.
4. For F1, we used 30 ml of aloe vera gel, 10 ml of cucumber-glycerin extract, 2ml Rose water, 1 ml
of castor oil, tablets of vitamin C.
5. For F2, we used 25 ml of aloe vera gel, 15 ml of cucumber-glycerin extract, 2ml Rose water, 1 ml
of castor oil, 2 tablets of vitamin C.
6. For F3, we used 20 ml of aloe vera gel, 20 ml of cucumber-glycerin extract, 1ml castor oil , 2ml
Rose water, 2 tablets of vitamin C.

Evaluation Test For Herbal Moisturizing cream:

1) Physical evaluation: This mostly serves to evaluate the cream's colour, odour, texture, and stability.
2) Viscosity: Basically, the purpose of this test is to determine how the ingredients in cream will behave in real
life. Its primary purpose is to evaluate efficacy.

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3) Washability: The quality of cream is also tested using this method. In this first of all we have to add small
amount of cream which was applied on the hand. We must then wash with tap water after that.
4) Irritancy: The cream was applied on left hand dorsal side surface of 1 sq.cm and observed in equal intervals
up to 24hrs for irritancy, redness and edema. The did not produce any irritation or redness on skin.
5) Spreadability: The spread ability test showed that the formulated cream has good spreadable property.
6) Greasiness: This test is mostly used to determine whether cream is greasy or oily in nature. We can conclude
from the results that none of the formulations were greasy.
7) pH test: Basically, this is talking about how acidic different compounds are. The pH (cream)) range is often
between 4 and 7. Either a digital pH metre or pH paper was used to measure the results of this test.
Procedure:
1. Before use, rinse the electrode with distilled water.
2. Calibrate the pH meter by using buffer solutions of 4.01, 7, and 10.01.
3. The electrode was transferred to the test solution.
4. The pH was recorded for 3 samples respectively.

8) Phase separation: Generally, this test is checked every 24 to 30 hours. For this, cream must be heated to
between 30 and 80 °C in a covered container. Keep this mixture out of the light.

Result and Observations:

After formulation and evaluation of herbal moisturizing cream, we observed following various types ofresults
–
1. Result of physical evaluation:

Sr.no. Parameters F1 F2 F3
1 Colour Light Light Light
Green Green Green
2 Odour Organic Organic Organic
3 Texture Smooth Smooth Smooth
4 State Semisolid Semisolid Semisolid

2. Result of Irritancy, pH, Phase Separation:

Sr.No. Formulations Irritancy pH Phase Separation
1 F1 Nil 5.7 No phase separation
2 F2 Nil 5.2 No phase separation
3 F3 Nil 5.6 Phase separation

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3. Result of washability ,Greasiness, spreadability:

Washability
Sr.no. Formulations Greasiness Spreadability
(seconds)

1 F1 8 No greasy Spreadable

2 F2 9 No greasy Spreadable
3 F3 12 Slightly greasy Spreadable

Discussion:
When various evaluation criteria were applied to created moisturizer compositions, the findings fell within
the parameters indicated in the previous result. All of the formulations had a smooth texture and a yellowish
colour. The pH of the formulation varied from 4.9 to 6.5. The formula's washability varies from 8 to 12
seconds, as does its viscosity. The formulations are proven to be less oily and to not irritate skin .

Conclusion :

In conclusion ,herbal moisturizering cream offer a natural and gentle solution to moisturize and nourish the skin.
Thanks to botanical ingredients, they effectively retain moisture without harsh chemicals, so they are suitable for
sensitive skin types. Using the power of nature, creams offer a refreshing alternative to achieve soft, supple and
rejuvenated skin. Aloe Vera Facial Moisturizer offers a natural and soothing solution to moisturize and nourish
the skin. Thanks to its moisturizing and anti-irritant properties, it can be a useful addition to skin care routines,
especially for those with sensitive or dry skin. Regular use can make your skin look healthier and brighter.
Moisturizing face cream with cucumber extract provides a refreshing and moisturizing experience for the skin.
Its natural properties help to soothe and rejuvenate, making it an excellent choice for maintaining healthy and
glowing skin. Plant-based moisturizer with vitamin C oil provides a powerful blend of antioxidants and
nourishing ingredients to rejuvenate skin. Thanks to the combined benefits of vitamin C , it protects against
environmental stressors while boosting collagen production and overall skin health. Adding this cream to your
skin care routine can make your skin look brighter, smoother, and younger. Herbal moisturizer with rose water,
glycerin combines the moisturizing properties of rose water, the moisture-locking properties of glycerin and the
skin nourishing properties. jojoba oil to create an effective formula to moisturize and soften the skin. Thanks to
natural ingredients, this cream offers a gentle and effective solution to maintain healthy and slim skin, leaving it
fresh and rejuvenated.

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