WHEN TO LOOK AT THE JURY OR JUDGE

Many attorneys advise clients not to make much ey,e contact with the jury box
or the judge. It's a good rule of thumb, but there are exceptions. These people
are supposed to be unfeeling, detached, and removed from the emotional
situation in the courtroom, but they aren't. We want them emotionally invested
in the action. The closer we can pull them into the story, the more likely they
will silently form a confirmation bias in their mind.

Most of your work in the courtroom will be centered around confirmation bias
creation. The more the jury or judge identifies personally with your client, the
higher your chances are of winning the case.

ATTENTION

One of my most quoted lines when I teach behavior profiling is, 'Pay close
attention to attention.'

The court will be checking your client frequently. Whether their name is
brought up, a deposition is occurring, or someone is addressing the judge;
they will look.

Attention conveys significance. Teach your clients to moderate their attention

and focus to key areas of the courtroom in different situations. In brief, if you
only had a moment to prepare your client, the following short brief would
suffice:

Look at the judge when she speaks.

Never look at opposing counsel when they are speaking, unless they
are speaking to you.

When I'm in front of the court speaking, all eyes on me.

You want your client to direct focus away from oc <lt any time they are
making any statement to the court. The same goes for you. Looking at them
as they speak conveys importance and relevance that you want to diminish to
the furthest extent. When you take notes as OC speaks, never take notes
immediately after a damning piece of evidence surfaces. This also gives
credibility to the statement. A simple headshake is fine to dismiss it.

On the stand, your client should be briefed about a1itention with a similar brief
to this:

"When you're on the stand, give your attention to the jury every time OC
does it. If he addressed the jury, you should too. If he addresses the jucfge,
you can look in that direction as well. When he's asking you questions, .iust
look at the clock on the back wall of the courtroom until he's finished
asking. If you're regretful, look down, when something shocked, hurt,
surprised, or caused any other large emotional response, briefly look
across the members of the jury."

884 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

At the table, a brief might sound like:

"When OC is speaking, relax. When I'm speaking, sit up, lean forward, and
hang on my every word If I speak to the judge, look at the judge for a
response. If I speak to the jury, you can look at the jury. If I speak about
or to OC, pretend they aren't in the room. And NEVER check your watch."

Attention matters. Help your client to use it in a calculated way, instead of 'by
accident.'

SPEECH
How your client speaks is as important as how they appear to the court.

As with movement of their body, the speech they use, needs to be measured
and unhurried. Of course, in preparation for deposition or cross-examination,
we want to ensure they know to wait for a beat to allow you time to object to
the question.

Our words are highly influential. When you prepare your client, the narrative
must be at the center of your focus. What your client says will regulate how
well the court identifies with them. Let's examine how we relate to others to
begin with. In the court, there are twelve ways the jury can identify with your
client:

1. We share a common goal.

2. We identify with someone's life story.

3. We identify with someone's personal struggle.

4. We identify with someone's beliefs.

5. We identify with someone's experiences.

6. We share common interests.

7. We dress alike or resemble each other.

8. We find someone expressive and enjoying themselves.

9. We find someone doesn't judge us.

10. We discover someone shares a secret flaw with us.

11. Someone speaks like we do.

12. Someone has similar experiences in their daily lives as we do.

S-11: RESOURCES AND GRAPHICS I 885

The jury wants to connect with someone. It may as well be your client, instead
of the OC's. The jury is thrust into this unfamiliar environment, in a courtroom
they've probably only seen on television, and they are vulnerable.

In one word, this situation is novel for them.

Anything that is brand new for us, from meeting someone new, to having
something happen that we didn't expect to happen, generates focus. A
hundred thousand years ago, novelty meant potenfial death. If you heard c1
stick break in the woods, 100% of your focus would be on the sound, and what
made it. New situations cause our brain to focus because it has saved our
ancestor's lives. In fact, you can look at most psychology through this lens; if
humans share quirks, there's something about that quirk that saved our
ancestors lives a long time ago.

If there's one thing novelty does, it increases

Focus and Suggestibility on the Six-Axis Model

When the jury first sees your client, this is when the situation in court is MOST
novel to them. At this novelty peak, this is the most critical time to insert as
much information as you can to build rapport betwEien you, your client, and
the jury.

With the above list of the 12 factors of rapport, how could you insert these
qualities and imbue them to your client, and to the jury in the courtroom?

METHOD ONE: UNIVERSAL EXPEIUENCES

We identify with people who have common experiences to ours. In this

instance, if your client were to simply address the fc1ct that they did something
or experienced something that almost anyone can identify with, you've got an
immediate connection wi'th the jury.

EXAMPLE:

There are a lot of things we identify with when people say them. Consider the
following list of topics that can be brought up when talking about your client,
or during deposition when your client is speaking about themselves:

Getting stuck in traffic.

Experiencing a rude person at a restaurant.
A dirty hotel room.
A freezing cold house because you forgot to adjust the thermostat.
Spilling coffee on a nice outfit.
Being underappreciated at work.
Experiencing a troubled relationship.

All of these are experiences that we've all had. In your trial prep, what could
you say as soon as practicable in court, so that the court will instantly have
some shared connection with your client?

886 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

In the above list, also notice how each of the experiences are written to subtly
start causing the jury to identify with your client AND see them as a victim
simultaneously.

NOTE:

We don't identify with lower-case nouns; we identify with people. Names.

I've advised many clients of mine to never use 'client' when referring to
their client. At every opportunity, you should use your client's first name.
If you're only able to say Mister X, or Mrs. P, this still humanizes your
client, but not as much. Get their first name into the mix as often as you
can.

METHOD TWO: STORY

Remember your client is on the Hero's Journey. You can use the power of a
good story to illustrate this, as well as providing details that the jury can
identify with, to enhance their level of rapport with your client.

The jury also needs to like you, but that's another chapter that has already
been covered in this book.

When your client is on the stand or speaking, this is the excellent opportunity
to have them illustrate the bullet points you've prepared for them to humanize
them. These can be nested within answers to OC questions, or in response to
your own questions.

If you can weave the bullet points into your client's responses to OC, the entire
narrative OC has prepared could wind up making the court favor your client
even more.

SHOULD YOUR CLIENT PUNCH BACK?

Assess your client. If they are in a job that requires non-stop judgment calls
and people skills, there's a good chance they are fit to punch back in
deposition. If the client is in a more isolated job most of the time, or their
general wit or people skills aren't up to task, it might be better to advise them
to simply answer with simple answers in addition to the bullet points you
created for them.

In many cases, the act of testimony is defensive in nature. However, this can
be turned around quickly.

HUMANIZING OPPOSING COUNSEL

At the beginning of your client's deposition, they are completely within their
right to ask Opposing Counsel (OC) if they can address them by their name.
It's very hard to maintain an aggressive mindset when the witness is calling
you the same name your kids, friends, and family do.

S-11: RESOURCES AND GRAPHICS I 887

Instead of OC hearing, "Could you please rephrase that?" they hear, "Sorry,
Greg. Could you rephrase that?"

This also makes your client look more like a friend to the jury.

HUMANIZING YOUR CLIENT WITH OPPOSING

COUNSEL

Also, have your client ask opposing counsel if they c:ould simply address your
client by their first name. This is not only acceptablei, but it also humanizes
your client both to the court, and OC.

The following is a sample client-brief description:

Listen carefully to all questions every time - then pause before

answering. Allow counsel a window on the video call to object.

Ask to see any and all documents that you need to help you clarify or
recall facts.

Take breaks whenever you want - confer with counsel privately.

Never make an 'off the record' statement before recording starts or

when it is paused - NEVER trust an attorney.

Never offer to provide anything more than what they already have
(papers, recordings, etc.) Confer with counsel first.

Evasive answers lose credibility - no ambi9uity in any answer, ever.

Ask to rephrase any question that sounds like it's shaping narratives -
you can do this unlimited times.

Never argue or 'fight - let them be angry or nasty - you're the

underdog.

NEVER allow the word 'assume' in a question from opposing counsel.

Memorize the phrase, "May I explain that?'"

Never answer a hypothetical question - even if your counsel fails to

object.

Never nod your head along with OC's questions or statements.

Never answer statements. Only answer questions: things that start

with 'so' and statements that summarize what you said are not
questions.

If someone summarizes what you said, never agree, repeat what you
said again instead.

888 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

 If you get interrupted, let them finish and politely draw attention to
the fact you were cut off or interrupted.

Don't keep answering the same question again. I'll object to that for
you.

If you are confused about a question, do not give the deposing

attorney choices about what he or she may have meant.

Never guess, hypothesize, or estimate anything.

If the OC speeds up on a roll, slow down to break their rhythm.

THE IMPLICATION GAME

In the client briefing, it's vital to cover the difference between a question and
the hidden meaning (implication) of the question. Go through a few examples
with your client to ensure they know how to answer correctly to address both
the question and the implication:

Example:

THERE'S A REASON YOU DID SOMETHING THE WAY YOU DID

Question: You took that medication without researching what it could

interact with, correct?

Implication: You were careless and are probably careless in other areas of
your life.

Answer (addressing both): Yes. I consulted with my doctor and ensured

the medication was safe. I saw no need to perform exhaustive
research online from unverified sources.

THE GOTCHA GAME

Question: " ...and that's not what you stated in your deposition, is it?"

Implication: Either way, you're a liar. It was either then or now, but we can't
trust you.

Answer (addressing both): No, it's not. The answer that I provided then
was based on the available information at that time. If new
information surfaces or becomes available, my answer will
change based on those facts.

S-11: RESOURCES AND GRAPHICS I 889

THE BURDENSOME WRAP-UP

Question: "So, you went into the office, checked emails, had a snack, and
went home. Correct?"

Implication: That's all you did at all that day.

Answer: "I arrived at the office, used my keyc:ard to enter, and attended
a meeting with the staff. Afterwards, I responded to a few
dozen customer emails, had a working lunch with three other
managers, and left the office to work from home."

NARRATIVE

You and OC will each have a narrative. How you shc1pe it can change the entire
case.

Many firms I've worked with have made the mistake of calling the OC
narrative a 'case' or 'testimony' in the courtroom. These words add credibility
to their case. The singular words you and your client use to describe or call out
OC's tactics are very important.

Which phrase would be more persuasive?

'opposing counsel's narrative' or 'opposin,g counsel's stance.'

Throughout the trial, inform your client you will be using words like this to
describe what opposing counsel believes. Never usei official words to describe
something that OC wants the court to believe. You could use:

Narrative

Story

Belief

Claim

Version of facts

Version

Spiel

Saga

Tale

890 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

THE TECHNIQUE CREATION
PROTOCOL
TECHNIQUE CREATION PROTOCOL

This is a tool that I developed primarily for coaching calls. Clients could call in
with a specific need for a solution to a problem they were facing. Inevitably,
they would ask about the phrasing, linguistic techniques, and tactics they
needed to employ - skipping over what you now know to be the most
foundational and critical element of Tradecraft. They wanted the magic script.

Instead of explaining that giving them a flight checklist for a plane doesn't
make them a pilot, I'd work with them to develop their ideal method to get the
results they needed. At the conclusion of the call, I'd remind them of the
importance of authority, confidence, composure, and social skill when
employing their shiny new tactic that we developed together.

This process is a 'coach-in-a-box' technique that will allow you to understand

how techniques are created for maximum impact. The process follows a simple
framework through 6MX, and The Pillars of Influence sections, and finishes
with a guided tour of the interrogation protocol.

The steps are easy to understand, but require a significant skill level to fully
utilize in crafting and minting new methods and techniques of influence. From
developing a technique for a parent to counsel and guide their children, to
jury-selection, sales, and copywriting, this system harnesses the power of
Tradecraft, and is an almost universal tool to develop brand new pieces of
'behavioral art'.

Here's the formula to create a new piece of Tradecraft artwork:

Subject Persona Development

The Fuzzy Compass Model (develop a Behavior Compass

that encompasses the most likely traits of the ideal subject.
In some cases, these are unknown pieces of data, and you
will need to identify these while you're operating.
Plus or minus two on each of the elements of the
Compass

PCP Model Framework

Develop an outline to frame the interaction through

the lens of the PCP Model

The FATE Model

Develop the methods to influence the mammal in

phase one of the PCP

S-11: RESOURCES AND GRAPHICS I 891

 The Six-Axis Model

Setting Priorities
Developing methods
Overcoming Limiting Beliefs (objections)
Develop the methods to level up the top four Six-Axes
within the second phase of the PCP Model

The Interrogation Protocol

Socialize
Minimize
Project
Rationalize
Emphasize Action
Develop the monologue and actions tc:> form the final
phase of the PCP Model

Within this formula, you can see that the behavioral profile of the subject
takes center stage at the outset. Then The PCP Model is used to formulate the
overall structure of the interaction - think of The PCP model as an outline of
the interaction.

The FATE model then steps in to formulate the Perception phase of The PCP
Model - developing and discovering the methods th,::it will influence someone
on a mammalian level.

The Six-Axis Model then comes into the picture. You will develop priorities in
this phase - reorganizing the six axes in such a way that they are arranged in
order of priority. The focus is then placed on developing methods to
specifically target the top four of the six axes on your priority list, knowing
that the final to axes will still be leveled up as a byproduct of the work donE! to
elevate the other four. In this phase, you'll also be developing a hypothesis of
the most likely limiting beliefs and barriers to influence that you will need to
covertly address through tradecraft to ensure that when the subject arrives at
the final stages, they are ready to take action.

Finally, the Interrogation Protocol is used to develolP a 'close' or 'monologue'

to ensure the subject is ready to make an either external or internal
agreement to take action.

Here is the full outline of the method, so that if you were either planning a
scenario or developing a system for someone on a coaching call, you'd be cible
to maximize the power of Tradecraft, and the likelihood of success.

THE TRADECRAFT - CREATION FORMULA

DESIRED OUTCOME:

Describe the desired outcome, and other cissociated agreements

(internal and external) that a subject will need to make.

892 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

 The benefits to the subject

Describe and detail the specific reasons this decision is in the

subject's best interest

Describe the positive traits and beliefs that lead to making the
decision to take action with the operator

Develop a crystal clear list of the beliefs (some of which you may
need to install or activate within the subject) that lead to the
average person making a decision to take action toward your
listed desired outcome

SUBJECT PERSONA DEVELOPMENT

Develop a hypotheses-based Behavior Compass on the subject. If the

Tradecraft is being done on a group, such as a speaking from a
stage, or delivering a pitch to a room, the operator will develop two
Behavior Compasses in this case:

Compass one: The likely Behavior Compass of the leader,

decision-maker, or 'alpha' of the group
Compass two: The likely Behavior Compass of the cumulative
average of the group

If the Tradecraft is being performed on an unknown person, default

to Acceptance and Significance, and place all linguistics you will later
develop in these areas using bold/underlined text so that they can
later be modified if new intelligence is obtained allowing you to make
updates to the planning tool more quickly (giving you the ability to
find the specific, targeted language, and replace it with more
relevant language.

Develop a 'Fuzzy Compass'

With each hypothesized location within The Needs, Decisions,

and Values Maps, make note of the most likely secondary
behavioral traits nearby on each of the maps. For instance, if
someone is most likely to be Strength/Power on the Needs Map,
determine a secondary trait to be used as a backup, which you
will also develop 'backup Tradecraft' for.
Each trait selected as 'primary' on The Compass should ideally
have one more 'semi-likely' trait selected.

Develop a list of the likely fears and desires of the subject

Develop a list of how these fears and desires may play a part in the
Tradecraft

Finally, develop a list of 10 or more limiting beliefs that this subject

may have that could hold them back from taking action, or cause

S-11: RESOURCES AND GRAPHICS [ 893

 any of the psychological resistance factors discussed in the influence
section previously

Depending on the situation, the Animal Profiling Chart, featured in

the 6MX Section previously, can be used to develop likely 'escape'
behaviors for how the subject will avoid conflict, stress, or tension.
This is especially useful in therapy and counseling scenarios, when~
the subject is often deliberately placed in uncomfortable
conversational situations

THE PCP MODEL FRAMEWORK

This phase is essentially the development of an 'outline' of how the situation

will play out using The PCP Model. This will assist you in developing the
Tradecraft in the planing phases that follow.

In three separate boxes, develop a list of how Perception, Context,

and Permission will be shifted.

What actions can the operator take to modify the perception of

the subject so that they are more open, focused, and
suggestible? (These methods are throughout the Influence
Section, but are also covered in great detail in The Mental Frc1me
Section near the beginning of this book.
How will the operator leverage Tradec:raft to shift the Contex1· in
such a way that the desired action is clcceptable, reasonable,
and expected?

Develop a resource for contexts that allow the subject to

almost automatically see the decision as logical. Begin by
developing the extreme contexts, and work backwards to
the less-severe. For example, an initial driving question
could be, 'What extreme scenario would allow this person to
see the desired action as rational, necessary, and even an
automatic reaction to the unfolding events?'
Detail increasingly less severe scenarios to the farthest
extent possible.

Finally, use The PCP Model to develop the potential pathways to

modifying the internal sense of Permission within the subject. The
final phase of this tool, The Interrogation Protocol, will come from
many of your notes made within this section.

What are the ways someone comes to make this decision?

What are the likely internal conflicts someone will have when
making this decision?
What are the fears someone will have that might prevent them
from making this decision?
What social repercussions will the subject potentially be worried
about, whe1·her consciously or unconsciously?

894 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

 What are the identity issues that may come up? (For example,
what are the specific beliefs someone might have about
themselves that could potentially conflict with making a decision
like the one I'd like them to make?
What fear of loss will the subject likely think about or worry
about when coming closer to making this decision?
What internal resistance could the subject experience that could
interfere with this decision-making process?
What beliefs might the subject have at this point that will cause
them to think the decision might be irrational?

THE FATE MODEL

The FATE Model is a representation of what makes influence possible on a

mammalian level. For instance, you could use The FATE Model on its own to
develop a training plan for a dog; creating a training plan that both teaches
and rewards Focus, responsiveness to Authority, the membership and place
within the Tribe (pack), and the Emotional feelings of confidence you want the
dog to have at the end of each training session to make them want to return.

In this step of the process, you will use The FATE Model to develop a detailed
plan for how to influence the subject on a mammalian level.

Develop a list of ancestral scripts you will use or trigger to naturally

and automatically generate focus in the subject.

How will novelty be introduced so that the mammalian brain is

made aware that this scenario is unlike others, and that they
develop an impulse to focus more?

How will authority be communicated clearly, and without the use of

words?

How will Tribe be brought into the picture using language,

representations, or other methods of indicating social involvement?

How will emotion be leveraged within the initial phase of the

interaction so that the mammalian brain is more likely to continue to
engage and connect with the operator?

THE SIX-AXIS MODEL

The Six-Axis Model is the definitive guide to what factors influence human
beings. In Section One, The Model is covered in detail, and specific instructions
are given to allow you to set priorities on which of the six axes should be
considered more or less important based on the scenario, and your desired
outcomes. Reference this section to understand more about the planning

S-11: RESOURCES AND GRAPHICS I 895

process when setting priorities. Use the following as a quick-reference guide to
determining which of the six axes should take the lead:

FOCUS: Where situations require you to bei more memorable than

persuasive.

OPENNESSS: Situations that require a strong deviation from a

person's normal behavior.

CONNECTION: Situations that require more trust and emotion thon

logic and judgment.

SUGGESTIBILITY: Situations requiring a deviation from baseline

that the subject might perceive as illogical or unusual.

COMPLIANCE: Situations requiring a gradual increase in compliaint

behavior that becomes self-sustaining over time.

EXPECTANCY: When situations require excitement and trust, the

subject will use predictions about the future to make decisions about
themselves in the present.

Once the priorities are set, determine which methods you will use
based on The Basic Skills Map. This map will allow you to locate a
tactic.

Once the tactic is located on The Basic Skills Map, develop the
linguistics and behavioral movement necessary to achieve the gocJls
you set forth on The Six-Axis Model.

What will the operator perform to develop Openness?

Develop a list of at least five methods you can employ, including

word-for-word scripts for practice and rehearsal.

What will the operator perform to develop Focus?

Develop a list of at least ·five methods you can employ, including

word-for-word scripts for practice ancl rehearsal.

What will the operator perform to develop Connection?

Develop a list of at least 'five methods you can employ, including

word-for-word scripts for practice ancl rehearsal.

What will the operator perform to develop Suggestibility?

Develop a list of at least five methods you can employ, including

word-for-word scripts for practice andl rehearsal.

What will the operator perform to develop Compliance?

Develop a list of at least five methods you can employ, including

word-for-word scripts for practice andl rehearsal.

896 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

 What will the operator perform to develop Expectancy?

Develop a list of at least five methods you can employ, including

word-for-word scripts for practice and rehearsal.

How will these act together to shift the context closer to the ideal/
desired context-shift so that the subject is more willing to take
action?

How will the leveraging of my top four priorities on the 6AM allow me
to overcome most or all of the pre-determined unconscious
objections and limiting beliefs of the subject?

What other Tradecraft can be employed to overcome these beliefs,

and to install new beliefs through identity-hacking, dissociation,
association, and socialization linguistics?

What identity agreements can I insert early into the Tradecraft to

overcome the top three limiting beliefs / unconscious objections?

THE INTERROGATION PROTOCOL

In this phase, a monologue is created to ensure the anxiety associated with

taking action is reduced to as close to zero as possible. Follow the steps of the
interrogation protocol to create a closing monologue. In reality, if the
Tradecraft that preceded this was done well, there's no need to employ this
method at all, but the power of planning and technique development is vital to
your success as an Author. This method takes the essential elements of the
interrogation monologue and translates them into conversational action items.

Socialize (everyone will understand - it's common)

What are the ways to display the decision as socially acceptable

and normal?

How can you conversationally overcome fears of social

consequences?

Develop language to emphasize the social proof of the actions

or decisions.

EXAMPLES
1. "I think so many people do this because ... "
2. "Everyone knows that..."
3. "Even little kids understand that people just..."
4. "I have no idea why it's one of those things people just do
and don't talk about much."
5. "There's a good reason that most people ... "

S-11: RESOURCES AND GRAPHICS I 897

 Minimize (it's not a big deal)

What are the ways to minimize the perceived gravity of the

actions or decisions you are proposing. Present them as
manageable or minor, reducing resist(mce and making the
person more receptive to your ideas.

EXAMPLES
1. "And I've seen a lot of __________ and this is so tiny."
2. "There's so many people that lack the perspective to see..."
3. "When you look back on little things like this ..."
4. "There's two ways to look back 011 a decision like this ... "
5. "Every once in a while, you'll see one of those people who
lack perspective, and see everything as some huge turning
point."
6. "There's that moment when you look back at all the thin9s
that seemed important at the time and laugh at yourself..."
7. "The best nights of our lives are usually made up of small
things, and it's so often we view things as bigger than they
are."
8. " ...and it happens a 1·housand times a day, we just don't hear
about it."
9. "Being able take small actions like this ..."
10. "And there's always a few people (ep) who think it's actu,ally
a big deal to ..."

Project (it's not your fault at all, and it cari now be your success)

What are the ways that the subject ccm be made to feel less
responsible for taking this action?

What are the ways the subject can be made to feel less
responsible for not having taken this <Jction in the past?

EXAMPLES
1. " ... and with the media feeding fear down people's throat all
the time, it's no surprise people wait until these moments to
finally take action."
2. "It's one of those moments where everything lines up to
make this perfect window and pe1ople feel silly for not
realizing it sooner."
3. "People don't have a lot of educc1tion on this cause it's not
very common. It makes sense some of the people I talk to
never even have the ability to se,:! ..."
4. "At the end of the day, most people don't realize it's not
their fault at all."
5. "There's no shame in being humcrn. There's a million reasons
that a lot of people don't take action until they reach this
point."

898 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

Rationalize (this makes sense on every level)

What are the ways the operator can provide logical reasoning
and justifications to support taking action?

How can the operator aligns the action with the subject's values,
goals, or the prevailing circumstances. Use data, evidence, or
relevant examples to reinforce the rationality behind the actions.

How can logic be used to support their likely emotionally-based

decision to act?

EXAMPLES:
1. "With what you know now, there's every reason to ..."
2. "One thing I explain to people is that they didn't have this
information before - they just never had everything line up
like this, and that's why they didn't know."
3. "I agree. When things don't make sense, people don't take
action on it. It's the moment when everything lines up and
all the information finally gets put in a row. There's a lot of
confusion out there until someone who's spent a lifetime
sorting it all out finally gets to the point where it can all
make perfect sense."

Emphasize Action (there's no better time, and this might be your

moment)

How can the operator use language to trigger a natural scarcity

response, FOMO, or the desire to take immediate action?

EXAMPLES
1. "Just wanted to give you a heads-up, but spots are filling up
quickly. If you want in, it's best to decide soon."
2. "Time is running out, and I wouldn't want you to miss out on
this incredible opportunity. Let me know if you're ready to
dive in."
3. "This is something that doesn't come around often, and it
has the potential to be truly transformative. Take the leap
and seize it."
4. "The clock is ticking, my friend. If you feel a pull towards it,
don't wait too long. The window of opportunity won't stay
open forever."
5. "I wanted to make sure you didn't miss out on this, as it's
generating quite a buzz. If you're interested, it's best to act
now."
6. "The demand for this is high, and I wanted you to be among
the first to know. Take a moment to reflect, and if it
resonates, don't hesitate."
7. "It's not often that such an exclusive opportunity arises, and
I thought of you. Consider taking action before it becomes
widely known."

S-11: RESOURCES AND GRAPHICS I 899

 8. "Others are already benefiting from this groundbreaking
innovation, and I didn't want you to be left behind. Decide if
you're ready to join them."
9. "I wanted to share this secret witlh you, knowing how much
you value being at the forefront. Don't miss the chance to
gain a competitive edge."
10. "The excitement around this limit,ed edition release is
growing rapidly. If it speaks to yc,u, secure yours now
before they're gone."
11. "The buzz around this event is ex1-raordinary, and influential
individuals are flocking to it. Trust your instincts if you feel
called to be part of it."
12. "This could be a game-changer, ctnd I wanted you to be in
the know. If it aligns with your aspirations, take action and
witness the impact."
13. "Time is of the essence, my friend. Reflect on the
possibilities, and if i1" keeps lingering in your thoughts, it
might be a sign to pursue it."
14. "This opportunity won't wait forever. If it resonates deeply
with you, don't let it slip away. Take the initiative and see
where it leads."
15. "Others have already embarked on this journey, and their
experiences are inspiring. Consider embracing the
opportunity and create your own story."
16. "It's not something you come across every day, and that's
why it's worth considering. Follow your curiosity and explore
what lies beyond."
17. "I'll leave it with you, but keep in mind that rare
opportunities like this don't come· knocking often. Trust your
instincts and take decisive action."
18. "The demand for this is growing, and time is of the essence.
If it resonates deeply, don't let hesitation hold you back.
The rewards await."
19. "This is an opportunity that can shape your path. If it stirs
something within you, don't wait too long. Embrace it <md
see where it takes you."
20. "The decision is ultimately yours, but keep in mind that
those who act swiftly often reap the greatest rewards. Trust
your instincts and take action."

Develop the monologue and actions to form the final phase of the
PCP Model

The monologue needs to be only a few sentences, but to be

heavily laden with powerful words thatt follow this order.

Further examples of emphasizing action that trend more toward

Deviance and Novelty on The Decision Mc1p:

1. "Just imagine how you'll feel if you miss out on this incredible
opportunity."
2. "You'll never know what could have beien unless you take the
leap."

900 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

 3. "Don't let this slip through your fingers. You might not get
another chance like this."
4. "Think about it, isn't it time you broke free from the usual and
experienced something extraordinary?"
5. "This is your moment, seize it. You owe it to yourself to take this
step."
6. "Opportunities like this are rare, and I'd hate for you to regret
missing it."
7. "You've been waiting for a sign, this could be it. It's time to act."
8. "Remember, the best things in life don't wait. They pass by if you
don't grab them."
9. "You've been dreaming about this for a while, haven't you? It's
finally within your reach."
10. "The clock is ticking, and this chance won't last forever. Make
sure you don't miss out."
11. "People will always tell you to stick to the norm. Prove them
wrong. Take this leap."
12. "Let's break from the mundane. You're one decision away from
an exciting new journey."
13. "Imagine how you'll feel when you're the one who said 'yes' when
everyone else said 'no'."
14. "It's not about fitting in anymore, it's about standing out. This is
your opportunity."
15. "You've reached a crossroad in your life. Choose the path less
taken. It will make all the difference."
16. "This is your moment of transformation. Embrace it and let's
embark on this journey together."
17. "You know, there's something exhilarating about going against
the current. This is your chance."
18. "How long are you going to wait for something to change? The
time for action is now."
19. "You deserve to live your dreams, not just dream them. This is
the first step."
20. "You've been given a golden opportunity to rewrite your story.
Don't let it pass you by."

RESOURCES FOR
TRADECRAFT CREATION
Here's a resource for communicating and positioning to individual Decision
Maps. The list isn't necessarily intended to be a linguistics reference, but more
to assist in determining which beliefs to draw out, and which limiting beliefs
might need to be suppressed.

Deviance (people who enjoy breaking norms and doing the

unexpected):

1. "This isn't for everyone, only the rule-breakers and the game-
changers."

S-11: RESOURCES AND GRAPHICS I 901

 2. "Be the one who dares to challenge the status quo."
3. "You've never been one to follow the herd. This is your chance to
prove it."
4. "This isn't about fitting in, it's about st,anding out."
5. "Normal is overrated. Dare to be different."

Novelty (people who love new experiences and changes):

1. "This is a ticket to a brand-new adventure."

2. "You're one step away from a journey like no other."
3. "Embrace the new, embrace the unknQwn."
4. "Here's your chance to experience something unique, something
extraordinary."
5. "Step out of the old and into the exciting world of the new."

Social (people who are heavily influenced by social interactions and

connections):

1. "Imagine the conversations you'll start with this."

2. "Join the community of the future today."
3. "You'll be the talk of the town with this."
4. "Stand out in your social circle. Make cJn impact."
5. "Think about the connections you'll m<Jke."

Conformity (people who feel comfortable following established

norms and traditions):

1. "This is the proven path to success."

2. "Join the ranks of those who've made it."
3. "Become a part of a tradition of excellence."
4. "Why reinvent the wheel when you can follow a tried-and-true
method?"
5. "Here's your chance to align with the best in the field."

Investment (people who base decisions on long-term gains and

investments):

1. "Think of this as an investment in your future."

2. "This could be the best decision you make for your long-term
success."
3. "Secure your future today."
4. "Invest now and reap the benefits latE!r."
5. "This is your opportunity to build a strong foundation for the
future."

Necessity (people who make decisions based on needs and

necessities):

1. "This isn't a luxury, it's a necessity."

2. "You need this to excel in your endeavors."
3. "Without this, you're only making life harder for yourself."
4. "This is a fundamental tool for your sU1ccess."
5. "Imagine the relief of having this in your life."

902 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

 + ADJ f - E Y E - - - - - -

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Chase Hughes
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THE MENTAL FRAME

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S-11: RESOURCES AND GRAPHICS I 903
 BEHAVIOR
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904 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

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S-11: RESOURCES AND GRAPHICS I 905

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S-11: RESOURCES AND GRAPHICS I 907

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S-11: RESOURCES AND GRAPHICS I 909

 Hypothalamic
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--, Are you absolutely fulfilled?

I What is it you 're most passionate about?
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m What would it take for you to decide you've made it and achieved your goals?
I I can tell you value solitude at times, what would be ideal to make that happen?
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Since you value self-reliance, what would get you to the most ideal form of that?
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goals?
~ Would you say you have highly supportive friends?
--- Are your friends and family in a place now to take you directly to those goals?
Is your partner positioned now to offer advice or guidance needed for those
goals?
How comfortable are you being open to someone if you know they can help you?
Is your entire environment going to keep you protected from threats and
for how long?
Are you able to provide everything needed for long-term survival?
at will your goal contribute to your ability to protect and defend your
opic]?
What is the biggest threat to your [topic] right now?
If [topic] circumstances collapsed, would you be safe?
~ Does your current situation allow and ensure you to live long term?
~:~==~=~====~===~=====~: ~ With the crises in the world, are your goals aligned to make [income]?

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th many economic issues, how long cou!d you keep [topic] alive?
f something happened today that threatened to kill [topic] what
SURVIVAL would keep it alive?
Are you in a place where you're able to live without worrying
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about your ability to [topic] to survive?
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 ABUNDANCE

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914 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL
 THE AUTHORITY TRIANGLE

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916 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL
 THE ANIMAL BEHAVIOR CHART
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GROWTH SELF-ABSORPTION events, personal growth, and the
influence of those around us.

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GRATITUDE --., ~ ..... ENTITLEMENT
malleable through traumatic life events,
social influence, personal beliefs and
growth, and even iiiness.
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measure capacity for growth, success
DEPENDENCE DECAY and personal drive on a daily basis. In
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reality, our windows will shift around
~, daily, but will maintain a general
position until traumatic or
EXTERNAL LOCUS
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OF CONTROL movement in a given direction.
 THE MENTAL FRAME
Reality is ... I 0~ '°(C! I This is ...
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This is the current reality ~'\. ~,o The person's perception
in the person's mind ~~ ?; that they believe to be
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unaltered by their own
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position, employment, the current situation.
and the rules they must
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 THE FORMATION OF IDENTITY AND BELIEF

THE PERSON FEELS THE

BELIEF IS PART OF WHO
THEY ARE, AND THEY
IDENTIFY PERSONALLY
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BELIEF KNOWN TO OTHERS

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924 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

 RINGS
0 Mastery Zones

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0 Behavior Profiling

0 Influence

e Authority Tripwires

APPEARANCE

CONFIDENCE
NEEDS
IDENTIFICATION

CONNECTION /
ATTENTION

S-11: RESOURCES AND GRAPHICS I 925

 FACTS/ ASSISTANCE
DISPATCH CALL
HIGH / LOW/ ABNORMAL
REFERENCE SHEET
APPLIED BEHAVIOR RESEARCH
---------- -- - -----------i
VICTIM/ UNSURE/ SELF j NOTES:
__ ...............................""
·- ........... .
MORE THAN NECESSARY/ AVERAGE

l
(CALLER FOCUSED?) VICTIM FOCUSE9
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CERTAIN/ HOPEFUL/ UNSURE

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HESITANT/ PROVIDES READILY

SOURCES: FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION ,
DR. ROBERT KEPPEL, DR. SUSAN ADAMS,
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 Freedom to travel wherever Freedom to do what you
you desire. The ability to want with your time. The
move at the moment you ability to spend your time
desire to move. how you desire.

Freedom from loss of life or Freedom from debt, and the

ability. The ability to detach ability to purchase what you
need and desire.
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M vement and conversational
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COMPLIANCE ENHANCEMENT
B*avioral and psychological
PHYSIOLOGICAL COMPLIANCE c mpliance using level 3 of
• Behavioral entrainment level two A kpro ,
• Response to physical suggested
movement
PROFILE LEVERAGE -
CQNNECTION
Deep level 6MX profile points
le.lVeraged ro increase feelings
or connection
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928 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

RESPONSE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ELECTRICAL RESPONSE - - - - - - ,
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NOVELTY INJECTION 2
• Capitalize on consistency hacking
• Leveraging initial identity formation
• Leveraging initial deviance escalation
• Injection of novelty through language
• Injection of novelty through movement

DEVIANCE ESCALATION
• Leveraging identity/ priming/
6MX data
• Escalation based solely on
values and decision pillar
from 6MX

PERMISSION TRANSFER
Compliance is leveled up to
maximum through permission
transfer

CALL TO ACTION -
CONNECTION
Usage of nonverbal and linguistic
techniques to close

e 2016 . Chase Hughes

Duplication Prohibited

S-11: RESOURCES AND GRAPHICS I 929

 THE BE~iAVIORAL
Variable Factors
Cultural Prevalence
Symbol Ace Sexual Propensity
Nome Arm Cross
Confirmir-g Gestures ot Ck>Md Gesture Type
Amplifying Gestures Ct Hr Conflicting Beha11iors
Micropriysiologicol CopiH Arms Body Region
Deception Roting Scale (DRS) Number
Deception Timefrome

Cell Key
Index Gesture Types
Deception Not Likely DNL
A -Universal Closed
Open lc• .1
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Universal• Males U/m Agg "'9<;1-.-~e
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Before Answering B Uns Unwn1
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Mostly Females
M
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Middte East ME
Capillary Pressure /Of Capitl ■ Deceptive if Mixed
Asian Countries AS!
Bulgaria BLG ■ Temperature Affect
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Deception indicated by a
total of 11 or more Sr : Be u We u Jb M
Stoe Re:mov Carelessness wo,ch ChKk Jacket Button
Deception Rating Scale Ke,Jb Open None Open Kc,Jc,L 0µ$, 8g CloMCI
Hb::.,, "'I( AQ,$0 "i f w-
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behavioral group.
The full guide to The
Behavioral Table of
Elements can be found ~Eu;
.!:::

at 0>
...
"''"' 111.chasehughes.com
International Copyright
© 2012-2020

THE ELLIPSIS MANUAL REFERENCE

Excerpt Registration© 29.11934L

930 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

 TABLE OF ELEMENTS

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© Chase Hughes . 2012-2020

Duplication Prohibited

@ www.chasehughes.com

S-11: RESOURCES AND GRAPHICS I 931

 ATTENTIONAL CAPTIVITY
Phase One relies heavily an the presence of authority and relies on the
-0

CK
element of skills of the operator. This combines the willingness of the subject
""
N to engage, and the operator's ability to generate social interaction.
--i
I CON FES S I ON METHO D 2 FOCUS AND TRUST
m Continuing use of novelty and authority to develop high-
Confession method number two. This creates a behavioral
()J
m window, the size of which will be determined by many factors. levels of focus and suggestibility simultaneously. The
I This method follows the Socialize, Minimize, Rationalize, operator's skill in storytelfing and presence of powerful
)> and Project framework. social skills are critical in this space.
<
H ENTRAINMENT - OPEN P H Y S I C -C OMP LI AN CE
0 Physical entrainment is now patternistic in the Obtaining physiological compliance as early as
;;o
subject. Operator will utilize this phenomenon possible In the interaction using behavioral
0 by shifting their physiology into the behavior entrainment levels 1-3 enhances compliance on
lJ
(/) of nonverbal interest and relaxation such as the 6AM. Some operators may need to force
3: lowering blink-rate, leaning, abdominal this physiological compliance using more
)> breathing, lowering shoulders. advanced techniques. This phase must be
z complete for KAPTOR to function properly.
C CONFUSION - OPEN
)> The operator uses one of the two confusion DEVIANC E ESC A L A TI ON
r scripts from BP trimester three and ensures Escalating deviance using the Dl-5 model
movement and physical contact occur to brings subject out of normal behavior after
ensure 'object tracking' is present in the focus, compliance, and suggestibility have
subject's neurology during the confusion been boosted from the initial point of contact
statement. Command follows confusion for int he interaction. This prepares them for the
subject to open. following step. Using the Dl-5 model, the
COMPLIANCE subject feels a natural response to the
While Behavioral Ent rainment continues ' escalation in these behaviors.
throughout the interaction, this phase alsu begins OPENNESS..,. EN T RAINi...iEN T
to incorporate physical compl iance through direct This phase relies on the linguistic methods of
commands and requests for subject to perform actions. forcing openness in the subject such as
negative dissociation, positive association,
DEVIANCE ESCALATION identity agreements, elicitation, and the use
In this second phase of Deviance of heavy command-language.
Escalation, the operator moves up ESCALATE
an appropriate level on the Dl-5 scale. REGRESSION OPENNESS
From the subject's Delta point to their Regression takes place rapidly due to the previous The openness on the 6AM is elevated here
PL and BL limits on the behavioral steps. Small linguistic advances toward regression are using a different method so that attention
deviation occur here using the methods all that is needed. Vivid languages should be used to is not called to escalation. In this phase,
from Mastery and relying heavily on the regress the subject while using both statement and the subject's Needs are leveraged to
identification of the subject's deviance question methods to do so, and the operator vii!! enhance their level of safety around
boundaries. sharpen their language toward the 6MX of the subject. being vulnerable.
CIChoseHughes - App!iedBehaviorReseorch-2019

ttii:!ii:!.5ii:!l:-Rll: Ill ~, ,c1:·d _! f nd• _u:

A Elfectrvelevel: 7/10
K_APTOR requires the presence of high-level authority and conviction from Behavior
Pilot. These need to be present in large measure. The level of conviction and trust
the operator has about their abilities must not only be conveyed, but completely
transferred to the subject in a short period. KAPTOR can easily produce profound
results in minutes when used correctly. In ideal situations, it is used in
approximately 7 minutes or less to create a high-suggestibility, high-openness, and
high- compliance (capacity) subject. While using the method, regular movement is
critical, and physical touch points should be often. The Expectancy branch of 6AM
should still be utilized, but in a modified way that capitalizes on forcing short-term
thinking. The methods from Mastery you learned to force short-term thinking are
crucial throughout the entire process and will be at a peak during the final two
phases of the method.
In some cases, but very few, elicitation will need to occur to allow subject to move
further from marker D2 on the DE scale. This movement shifts the subject's
capacity window to a position where the ideal levels of action are acceptable. In
some cases, but very few, eliciting emotional experiences of the subject that are
key to D2- D5 on the scale shown to elevate subject's capacity to activate on phase
11. This simply incorporates the basic elements of the neurolinguistic methods that
were prominent in the 1970's. This method, in my estimation , has only helped in a
small number of cases to elevate the subject to a higher degree of short-term
expectancy and suggestibility. These subjects were mostly women and were hyper-
responsive to linguistic methods in the first few moments of the conversation.
These cases are very rare in my experience.
KAPTOR leverages ancestral and life scripts simultaneously, so that the subject's
brain does the heavy- lifting for the operator. The linguistic approaches discussed
in the KAPTOR model suggest only minimal usage of language because this is the
least powerful lever with which to influence behavior and decisions of subjects. The
confusion methods are not linguistic per se. That is, the mechanism of action in
these is not in the processing of words, but the cognitive load induced in the
subject. After one or two seconds of the confusion method, the electrical activity in
the subject's brain departs from Broca's and Wernicke's are and travels
unpredictable paths around the brain, mostly toward the visual cortex, sensory
cortex, and hippocampal regions.
NOTES
Subjects with whom KAPTOR is most effective share a few common qualities:
'Resting suggestibility' capacity of the subject higher than average level
Average social skills that include both sides of conversation
People traveling in new cities are for some reason more easily modulated with
KAPTOR
Most men required a small compliment, request for advice, or otherwise small
social gesture that prevents them from worrying about being subordinated or
made to feel lower-status
Most women required a false time-constraint of a brief mention of a romantic
partner - both of which I believe removed a concern the conversation would
lead to romantic advances.
In all subjects, a glucose-deficit added to the efficacy of the tradecraft
The presence of a large crowd or several observers reduced effects in about 1/3
of subjects - it's my belief that these subjects suffered some degree of social
anxiety
I am not fully convinced, but I believe the presence of semi-formal attire made
subjects more suggestible, but this may very well be my own bias affecting the
results that I've seen
Illness and symptoms of illness seemed to reduce suggestibility in several cases
3 or more alcoholic beverages reduced efficacy by nearly half in all scenarios I
witnessed
MISUSE
Severe misuse of KAPTOR could easily be done if an operator added methods of
graduated dissociative capacity to the interaction, and then simply implemented
The Voice method immediately after a second layer of graduated regression. With
live brainwave entrainment, or previous mental entrainment through repetitive
audio-programming, the results could be weaponized. The misuse of KAPTOR could
also be done by using a kill-switch device in something as small as a metal tin of
Altoids mints or a similar 'drill-able' housing.
The SIGMA protocol was developed by Chase Hughes for rapid compliance escalation
for intelligence operations where time was limited, and resources were scarce. Its
ma in function is to rapidly escalate the Six Axis Model of Influence, to bypass
j udgment, and to create impulse-driven behavior.

1. Authority: The presence of confidence and authority alone will create c 1

heightened degree of focus and compliance. Authority creates
suggestibi lity and transfers certainty to the subject.

2. Novelty: The use of novelty raises the level of focus and connection even
more than authority does on its own. Novelty also works to force
the subject to re-define the frame of the interaction .

3. Sleep Deprivation: Simulating sleep deprivation through vivid recollection

and detail-focused description recre,:ited the state and neurological
ci rcumstances of the real-world effects of sleep-deprivation.

4. Regression: Using vivid linguistics, elicitation, and targeted questioning, the

subject is brought deeper into childhood memories and beh<Jviors;
increasing suggestibility and responsiveness to authority.

5. Confusion: Targeted confusion methods are used based on the subject's

behavior profile designed to increase cognitive load, and
dest abilize the critical facto r of the subject's normal decision-
making patterns.

6. Command: Leverag ing the state of mental confusion and severe cogn it ive
load, social factors inhibit the subject from resisting the command
due to co nfusion methods 4-7. The ensuing command is readily
accepted and acted upon.

934 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

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LOW ENERGY

S-11: RESOURCES AND GRAPHICS I 935

I THE STRUCTURE OF YPNOSIS

DISSOCIATION

Cl 2016. Chose Hughn

Duplicotlon Prohibited

THE LEVELS OF ASTERY

EXPERT
I
EX~OSURE
I

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MASTERY
AMATEUR

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936 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

 TROUBLESHOOTING
TRAD EC RAFT
ISSUES

TROUBLESHOOTING
TRADECRAFT ISSUES
When people encounter problems with learning Tradecraft, there is typically a
fault in one of three areas:

Observation
Communication
Self-Management

There's not much else.

The things that affect our abilities to perform reliable Tradecraft will come
down to one of these three elements. Before we dive into a troubleshooting
list, I want to show you how I fix the most common issues on coaching calls
with my government and civilian VIP clients. Here's my (not-secret-anymore)
process for discovering the root cause of issues people are facing with
Tradecraft skill development:

FIRST
I want to establish what the issue is. I ask questions to determine where the
failure is taking place. Their answer may not be 'accurate', but it helps me in
determining what factors need to be modified. As the client speaks about their
issues, I make careful notes of the issue they describe, and listen carefully to
help me navigate step two.

SECOND

I ask several questions that continue to dive deeper to the issue the client is
experiencing. Over the course of five to ten minutes, the client will tell me all
kinds of real-world examples of their issue, how it's affecting them, and a
description of what they think is causing the issue. While their description isn't
always about the main issue, it almost always points to the issue.

TROUBLESHOOTING TRADECRAFT ISSUES I 937

With a Taxonomy of Influence in front of me, I listen closely to determine
where their words are pointing to on the taxonomy using the following
framework:

1. Are they having trouble on the left or the rii ght side of the Taxonomy?
(Keep in mind that their description may be about the right side,
where the subject is, but secretly hinting toward the left side, where
the operator is.)

2. I use the ACSS Assessment Framework to determine where the issue

is. ACSS Stands for Authority, Comfort, Sc>cial, and Skill. These are
the essential problem areas clients have.

3. I ask direct questions about each of these, still knowing that these
questions will reveal more unconscious issues going on within the
client.

THIRD

Lastly, I will walk the client through a scenario to determine specifically where
this happened, and if it has happened more than once. Oftentimes, a client will
admit that they are imagining that something will happen, so they think there
will be a problem in the future. They haven't actually gone out and practiced
the skills yet, or developed a mindset of an operator, in which case the issue
lies w ithin the COMFORT section of the ACSS Framework. They are
uncomfortable trying out new skills until they think they 'have it all perfect' in
their mind. In other cases, they have spent time developing themselves, and
their mastery of techniques is lacking, so that the issue is genuinely a skill-
development problem. Most clients who call will tell me they have a skill-
development issue, but I work backwards on the AC:SS to determine the issue:

1. Is the client skilled in the deployment of the techniques?

2. Does the client have social skills to deploy the techniques?

3. Is the client comfortable when performingi Tradecraft?

4. Has the client honestly worked on bringing their Authority scores to a

level 4 or higher?

Most commonly, cl ients experience issues due to th,e 'magic pill mirage' and
the 'skill placebo'. They mentally 'go through' the stuff in developing authority,
assuming they can grasp it by mentally rehearsing it a few times, and not
seriously buckling down and keeping track of their life for a while and getting
a firm grip on their own life's steering wheel.

THE MAGIC PILL MIRAGE

The Magic Pill Mirage occurs when someone can lec1rn something quickly
w ithout needing to exert much effort to obtain the results. The confusion
techniques in this book, for example, are one of the best examples of this.

938 I T HE B EHAVIOR O PS MA N U A L
 Someone learns a few of them after 'skimming' the authority section because
'they got it' and then the techn iques almost feel like authority, confidence,
leadership, composure, etc. aren't necessary to successfully deploy the
technique.

THE SKILL - PLACEBO

The skill placebo is similar, but it's an internal feeling that reassures people
they have true skills, when in reality, they don't. One example of this from my
own life is when my son was very young. He told me he could run away and
live in the mountains. I asked him how he would survive if he did that. He told
me he learned everything from playing Minecraft. He could build a house and
'craft,' all the tools he needs out there in the wild.

Adults aren't immune to this. Someone who reads one book on body language
and 'understands' it, might assume they also have skills. They confuse the
possession of information with the possession of skills. This is a common
mistake people make, and there's no judgment if you've made it. It's like
holding a flight manual for a Boeing 737, and assuming you could get the
plane off the ground. The manual doesn't make you a pilot, the skills do.

THE TAXONOMY OF HUMAN INFLUENCE

~.,..t, ___ .;_,._:,,~~.-.L; APP[-IED~BEHAVIO'RI RESEA'RCH ~

TIME APPEARANCE

APPEARANCE CONFIDENCE

SOCIAL SKILL CONNECTION

FINANCIAL INTENT

THE OPERATOR THE SUB.JECT

C>·(
Cl2016 . ChoHH~hes
Duphcalion Prohibited

They may think their authority is developed, but they might be unknowingly
posturing. It's up to me to discover that using questions. This would indicate
itself by the client telling me that their authority is fine, but their comfort-level
is lacking.

TROUBLESHOOTING TRADECRAFT ISSUES I 939

On a call, this would sound something like this:

"My authority is fine. I'm able to understand and do all the authority stuff.
It's just something about the conversations. I'm not sure I'm ready to get
the techniques out 'cause they don't sound good enough yet."

This is a problem with Comfort.

If I heard something like this ...

" Yeah. I think the Authority stuff is handled completely. When I'm
executing these skills, there's no reaction in the subject. I'm doing it
precisely as described and exactly how you taught us how to do it. I may
need to find more intelligent people to practice on."

This is a problem with social skills. If you can't determine why, you may have
an issue with Skills, in the Observation section of th1~ issue triangle described
at the beginning of this chapter.

If I heard something like this ...

"Chase, I just don't know. I know all the skills and I can deploy them any
time. It's like most of the people I try to practice on don't care much
about what I'm saying at all. I'm not sure the te,chniques are powerful
enough."

This is a problem with Authority. You can hear the hidden issue here in the
client's words.

Lastly, if you heard this ...

"Ok. I 've got it all handled, but it doesn't feel right. I'm doing the reps, t.>ut
there's something that is off about the delivery. I want you to listen to how
I say this."

Th is is an issue with skill most likely. You can hear the authority in the person's
demeanor even in a few words. This person genuinely went hardcore into the
authority section, and developed into a confident operator, and only needs
help leveling up on the skill , and communication side of the diagnosis tool.

THE THREE-STEP
DIAGNOSTIC PROCESS
To diagnose an issue, fi rst determ ine which side of 1'he triangle the issue
(genuinely) is.

Observation (behavior profil ing techniques and procedures)

Communication (influence and persuasion techniques)
Self-Management (authority development/ composure)

940 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

Then determine where on the ACSS Framework you need the assistance.

Authority
Comfort
Social Skills
Skill-development

Then look at The Taxonomy of Influence

Determine where your issue truly resides.

Where is the location on the Taxonomy that is having the most
trouble getting completed?

This will show you the way ahead!

If you were able to spot your issues with real clarity, you 'd be able to say
something like the following sentence, which uses the three-step formula
above in reverse:

"I was struggling to obtain focus in people because I lacked the comfort
to display confident behavior, and my self-management is most likely the
fastest way to change this."

To troubleshoot the issue, all you have to do is come up with a program for
yourself by going back to the authority section, creating a daily routine or
weekly checklist, and developing the comfort-levels you need, plus the
confidence you need to establish the levels of focus you need.

For any issue you diagnose, you can refer to that section to develop a plan to
correct the issue, or watch that video training in Mastery.

So, if I had an issue with Communication in the issue triangle, and a (genuine)
issue with Comfort on the ACSS Framework, I need to do work on
communicating with more confidence and comfort. I might need to join a
Toastmasters, hire a coach, or take other approaches to gradually expose
myself to increasingly st ressful situations to inoculate myself to the stress.

A person with this issue might think initially that people don't like them, or that
they lack social skills. This isn't the case. Understanding how to dive deep into
the root cause of issues and determine the issue on these to frameworks, is
what provides you with a road ahead.

THE TAXONOMY OF INFLUENCE

Once this is determined , go back to The Taxonomy of Influence, and see if the
place you had an issue with was misdiagnosed, or you found a way to
understand it better. You might find out that all you needed was a little more
storytelling ability, or a little more comfort talking to strangers, instead of
months of studying more 'techniques.'

TROUBLESHOOTING TRADECRAFT ISSUES I 941

HONESTY VS REALITY

Being 'honest' doesn't mean that your self-diagnosis is 'accurate'. Sometimes

you might need to dig down deep to discover what's really going on. Even
though you 're the most honest person in the world, this doesn't make you the
most self-aware person in the world. If you think you're 100% self-aware, you
need more help than I could ever give you.

Here's a sample flow of a conversation I would commonly have with a client to

determine what issues they are having in Tradecraf1· development:

STEP ONE - THE SETUP

Instead of letting them blame the world, I want them to take ownership, so I
ask if they will participate in a sentence-completion exercise that might sound
a little ridiculous at first. Then I ask them, "Have you ever heard the old saying
that a bad sailor blames the wind?"

" What about the one where a bad worker blames the tools he has?"

"The one about the ineffective coach blaming the players?"

"See if you can complete these sentences. Reacfy?

A bad teacher blames the ______ _

A bad parent will blame the _______ .

A bad salesperson will tend to blame the _______ .

A bad leader will blame the ______ _

A poor employee will blame the ________ .

Great job. I'm glad we did that. I like to do that on every call just to help
remind me and everyone that we are all accountable people. And
accountable people don't blame anyone."

STEP TWO - THE WALKTHROUGH

"In your own words, can you describe the issue you're having?"

STEP THREE - THE SCENARIOS

"Okay. Got it. Now can you tell me about a scenario where you noticed
this?"

"What else happened that you noticed?"

"What happened just before this started?"

9 4 2 I TH E BEH AV I O R O PS M A NUAL
 "What other times have you noticed this?"

"Can you tell me more?"

"Let's say you were traveling, and you needed to use Tradecraft to get
into a gym that you're not a member of, just so you could work out for a
day. How would this come up in this scenario?

"Okay. And if you suddenly joined a door-to-door sales team selling home
alarm systems, how would this problem play out?"

In these two scenario questions at the end, I deliberately put them in two
different spots - one where they are speaking to a low-level employee, and
one where they aren't in charge at all , and they are on someone else's
property. This helps to determine if they have an issue with the authority side
that they might not be telling me about. To make one final determination
about the authority issue, I will ask them one more scenario with slightly
higher stakes:

"Great Ok. Last one. If you were traveling with a family member who
forgot their blood pressure medication, and you had to walk into a
hospital alone to obtain it, explain how, while using Tradecraft, this issue
would come up with the doctor who's speaking to you. At the hospital
now."

I put them into the situation using linguistics here, so that their response is
more appropriately tailored to respond to the authority challenge. This is also
a composure test to determine if self-management is to blame if a client is
telling me they have an issue learning techniques, but are unaware they need
to develop more on the Authority Assessment and Composure Scale.

STEP FOUR - DIAGNOSIS

I assess what the client told me very carefully and determine the root cause of
their issues. If I were using a wallet-sized card to make a diagnosis, it would
look something like this:

INITIAL ISSUE:

Communication , Observation, Self-Management

ACSS FRAMEWORK ISSUE:

Authority, Comfort, Social Skills, Skills

TAXONOMY ISSUE (OPERATOR) :

Confidence, Discipline, Leadership, Gratitude, Enjoyment

Environment, Time, Appearance, Social , Financial
Movement, Appearance, Confidence, Connection, Intent

TROUBLESHOOTING TRADECRAFT ISSUES I 943

 TAXONOMY ISSUE (SUBJECT):

Focus, Suggest ibil ity, Openness, Connection, Compliance,

Expectancy
Uncertainty, Hesitation, Interest, Unconsci,ous Agreement,
Conformity, Acceptance, Identity

OVERALL ISSUE:

Technical or Behavioral

STEP FIVE - TREATMENT

The client is failing to create permission due to a lack of _____ ,

which is causing subjects to experience _ ____ .

The client is unable to execute _____ , which is causing _ _ __ _ .

The client is experiencing _____ due to _____ .

The client needs to reference the _____ s,ection and develop a

_____ day plan and keep daily track of progress. By then end of
_____ __ _ days, the client should be able to _____ . This can be
easily proven by _____ .

Using the _____ model, I will coach the client on how to develop this
plan for the _____ day period, and will foll low up with them to ensure
they are able to _____ .

The client can create new perceptions for self by ___ __ .

The client can create new context for self by _____ .

The client can create permission for self by _____ .

The client will be able to shift perceptions by modifying ____ _ .

The client will be able to shift context by modifying _____ .

The client will be able to transfer permission by ___ _ _ .

THE PROVEN STRATEGY

1. Identify inaccurate thought patterns and irrational beliefs.

2. Review past experiences to understand how these beliefs have

developed.

3. Explore potential triggers for the behaviors in question.

944 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

 4. Analyze situational context, including environmental or social factors
that may be influencing the behavior.

5. Consider potential consequences of engaging in the behavior, and

what could motivate a change in behavior.

6. Develop alternative coping strategies to replace old behaviors with

healthier options.

HOW I PROVIDE THE WAY

AHEAD
There are four pathways that I provide to clients with issues learning
Tradecraft:

1. Physiological
2. Psychological
3. Behavioral
4. Skill

PSYCHOLOGICAL = 90 DAYS

•Rooted in the neuronal pathways, this most often involves a recommendation

to legally participate in a high-dose psilocybin journey with a practitioner at
the outset of the 90-day period , followed by micro-dosing to reset neuronal
pathways so that new pathways can be formed .

PHYSIOLOGICAL = 40 DAYS

These methods are usually rooted in body mechanics, and stem from
psychological patterns that the person has already overcome.
However, the anatomy of the spinal cord is layered in such a way that
the physiological issues can remain after the psychological ones are
overcome. These recommendations typically involve body
detoxification (such as colonies) and lymphatic massage at the
outset of the 40 days, followed by the use of KT tape to remind the
client to adjust the body's position over t ime. The body responds to
changes in the environment just like the mind does. The initial shift in
environment (in my opinion) within the body assists the physiological
pathways to re-learn confident and comfortable behavior in new,
clean surroundings.

Second, with the aid of the client's physician, the physiological issues
can further be treated with regimens of beta-blockers and non-
drowsy muscle relaxers that are both non-psychoactive compounds
so that the body will learn the new behaviors of comfort and calm
without being state-dependent on the presence of a psychoactive
chemical.

TROUBLESHOOTING TRADECRAFT ISSU ES I 945

BEHAVIORAL = 21 DAYS

Behavioral issues almost always resolve with monitoring alone. Th is is

not speaking of mental illness, but of habits, routines, and behavioral
responses to st imuli. Continuous and rigorous monitoring of activity
throughout the period is essential for growth. The lower brain w ill
beg in to pay close attention to the desired behavioral changes within
arou nd 12 days of the client beg inning their transition to the new
desired lifestyle.

Typically , these will always be one of the Authority Traits, such as

Confidence, Discipline, Leadership, Gratitude, and Enjoyment.
Building these into the cl ient's life as a habit is more about rigorous
monitoring than any planning, goal settin9, or course-correction.

An accountability partner is a great help for this.

SKILL = 12 DAYS

For skill-development issues, the client will continuously repeat thE!

desired phrases up to 200 times a day. Mainy times, the client w ill
need to call customer support numbers in order to get people on the
phone so that there is a real human to practice on, instead of staring
at a wal l. The presence of a human when practicing these new skills is
essential , so the client must be placed into situations dozens of t imes
a day where human involvement is present. During the day, when
human involvement is not possible, the client will be repeating the
techniques out loud. When the client is unc1ble to repeat the
techn iques out loud , they will have their own voice recorded onto an
mp3 they can listen to. When they're unable to listen to the mp3, the
techniques should be beside them on printed paper. Everything
should be done t o saturate the client's life so much that by the end of
the 12-day period, the techniques will havei invaded every thought,
dream, and interaction they have. They will be able to perform the,
technique in their sleep, so to speak.

COACHING YOURSELF THE

EIGHT-POINT CHECKLIST
1. Set the example when no one is looking.

2. Keep t rack every single day.

3. Practice calm enjoyment.

4. Keep your cells healthy (Eat for your cells, not your enjoyment).

5. Prioritize your Future-Self.

946 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

 6. Continue to go back to the Authority Assessment (Use it as your
mentor).

7. Never complain.

8. Approach every issue with leadership, enjoyment, and composure so

that your actions will never have to be explained.

If my clients follow this simple checklist of these 8 points, they will seldom
need to touch base with me, saving both of us time. This 8-point list is also
sometimes a good starting-off point on calls when a client tells me there's an
issue. I will often go through this very list and ensure that there isn't something
simple that can be fixed within five minutes.

This section has the potential not only to troubleshoot errors, but to shine light
into unconscious areas that might be otherwise causing issues with your
Tradecraft.

TROUBLESHOOTING TRADECRA FT ISSUES I 947

 GLOSSARY

6AM The Six-Axis Model represents the six aspects

or approaches to influence. Focus,
Suggestibility, Openness, Connection,
Compliance, and Expectancy. Achieving a
high level of three or more elements
exponentially increases the likelihood of
obtaining a desired persuasion outcome. For
instance, the Milgram Experiment, despite the
extreme results achieved, only leveraged
three of the six axes: Focus, Suggestibility,
and Compliance.

6MX The process of rapidly determining how a

person experiences the world and makes
decisions. 6MX leverages fundamental
psychological frameworks that allow this
person to be more easily influenced.

Activation The phase of influence or persuasion wherein

a person is given a choice to take a particular
action after having been exposed to
specialized techniques and/or methods to
ensure the greatest likelihood for compliance.

Agentic Shift The shift in personal responsibility and the

lessening of critical thinking that occurs in the
presence of an authority figure.

Amygdala The amygdala handles some memory

processing, but for the most part handles
basic emotions like fear, anger, and jealousy.

Ancestral Script An automated subconscious behavioral

pattern that activates in response to a given
stimuli, as a result of ancestral DNA. One
example is the automatic reaction of the body
to protect arteries when startled or fearful.
Ancestral scripts are activated by events or
circumstances that have elements of The
FATE Model (Focus, Authority, Tribe, and
Emotion). Ancestral scripts are hard-wired
responses to stimuli that have the ability to
override rational or logical thought processes.
They have the ability to create unconscious
impulses toward behaviors rooted in survival
that can completely subdue rational decision-
making processes.

GLOSSARY I 949
Attentional Captivity The state a subject is in where the amount ,of
focal exclusion (ign,oring their surroundings
and distractions) is at a peak during a
conversation - this is a measure of focus, but
also a measure of tlhe abilities and skills of an
operator

Author An Author is an operator that has reached a

point in their level of proficiency that enables
them to use their Authroity, Tradecraft, and
skills to create behcivioral outcomes in any
scenario they find themselves in.

Authority The behavioral quality inherent in a group ,or

individual that assists in creating
suggestibility in others. Comprised of several
behavioral qualities, but mainly ConfidencE!,
Discipline, Leadership, Gratitude, and
Enjoyment. Authority is also comprised of the
behavioral affects of habits such as
maintaining your environment, controlling
your time, having a healthy and composed
appearance, possessing social skills, and
being financially st1·ess-free. These qualities
lend to good nonverbal communication and
reduce the amount of negative gut feelings
(NGF) an operator will produce in a subject.

Avery A mental 'machine' built inside the mind of a

subject that can be activated on command or
take full control ovEir a subject. The machine
possesses behavioral traits and levels of self-
control and personcJlity that the subject has
chosen, and is desiqned to rewire their brain's
habit pathways ove!r a six-month period to a
point the machine is no longer needed.

Baseline Verb: Obtaining reh!vant information

regarding a subjec1"'s behavior during non-
invasive questions to determine whether
deception, deviation, or stress is present in
the future.

950 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

Behavioral Loophole An inborn quality of the human brain that has
its roots in protecting us from harm. These
automatic responses to specific types of
stimuli create a loophole in I our behavior
whereby we instantly shift from processing
information and cognitive reasoning to
reacting to information and impulse reaction.
Since these loopholes are universal in human
behavior, they can be reliably exploited,
allowing an operator to predict an outcome,
and to use the loophole to obtain a desired
impulse response such as focus, excitement,
or a desire to connect.

Bfp Back-and-Forth Point: A gesture made by the

operator back and forth between the
operator and subject with the desired result of
subconscisly associating the relationship or
conversation with a desired topic or idea. For
example, an operator might perform this
gesture while saying the words 'genuine
connection'. See the influence section for
more info.

Brain Stem The brainstem (or brain stem) is the posterior

stalk-like part of the brain that connects
the cerebrum with the spinal cord.[1] In
the human brain the brainstem is composed
of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla
oblongata. The midbrain is continuous with
the thalamus of the diencephalon through
the tentorial notch,[2]: 152 and sometimes the
diencephalon is included in the brainstem.

The brainstem is very small, making up

around only 2.6 percent of the brain's total
weight.[2]: 195 It has the critical roles of
regulating cardiac, and respiratory function,
helping to control heart rate and breathing
rate.[3] It also provides the main motor and
sensory nerve supply to the face and neck via
the cranial nerves.

Bystander Effect, The The term bystander effect refers to the

phenomenon in which the greater the number
of people present, the less likely people are to
help a person in distress. When an emergency
situation occurs, observers are more likely to
take action if there are few or no other
witnesses. Being part of a large crowd makes
it so no single person has to take
responsibility for an action (or inaction).

GLOSSARY I 951
Cause-Blindness The tendency for a person or group to focus
solely on the symptoms or byproducts of
larger issues that c1Jused them. For instance,
a person wanting to achieve success might
focus solely on what successful people do,
wear, or own. Alternatively, a politician may
focus on mandatini~ gun laws to prevent
shootings, while completely ignoring the
psychological and sociological decay that
might be responsible for this behavior
becoming more prevalent.

Chemical Ml A chemical introduced in Avery programming

that aids in client experience.

Chemical M2 A chemical introdu,:ed in Avery programming

that aids in client absorption.

Chemical M3 A chemical introduced in Avery programming

that aids in client-machine interfacing.

Cognitive Dissonance The perception of contradictory informaticin.

Relevant items of information include a
person's actions,
feelings, ideas, beliefs, values, and things in
the environment. Cognitive dissonance is
typically experienced as psychological
stress when persons participate in an action
that goes against one or more of those things.
According to this theory, when two actions or
ideas are not psychologically consistent with
each other, people do all in their power to
change them until ·they become
consistent. The discomfort is triggered by the
person's belief clashing with new information
perceived, wherein the individual tries to find
a way to resolve the contradiction to reduce
their discomfort.

Cognitive Load The amount of effort that is exerted or

required while reasoning and thinking. Any
mental process, from memory to perception
to language, creat,~s a cognitive load becc1use
it requires energy cmd effort. When cognitive
load is high, thought processes are potentially
interfered with.

Compliance The degree to which a person will act on a

direction given by 'the operator.

952 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

Confidence The internal state of feeling both comfortable
in a situation, and also certain of future
safety and an unknown positive outcome in
the future. Confidence is a mixture of varying
degrees of safety, comfort, certainty, and
belief in one's own capacity in a given
situation.

Connection The degree to which a subject personally feels

a sense of social empathy toward the
operator, and a feeling of connectedness with
them.

Context The environment or circumstances that shape

or modify a person's social framework and
understanding about what social and
interpersonal behavior is allowable. This
includes the groups with whom they interact
and the culture in which they live. Varieties of
people's customs, mindsets, traditions, and
behaviors all influence their social context.

Context Boundary The perceived limits placed on human

behavior that are determined by the context
of a situation. For instance, screaming would
be acceptable at a rock concert, but not in an
airport or doctor's office. The social context
people find themselves in will dictate the
appropriate behavioral responses, and will
determine the level of permission they have to
behave in certain ways. A context boundary
determines the level of permission a person
has to deviate from behavioral norms.

Corrugation A linguistic method that allows information to

be hidden between two peak emotional
experiences so that not only are chemicals
heavily involved, but the subject is less likely
to remember the event due to the primacy
and recency effects.

Crossfade The technique taught to Chase in 2003 by his

mentor, Ian Falk. The technique is comprised
of several steps that rely heavily on consistent
movement, interruption, confusion, and
suggestion in quick succession - with the end-
goal of developing hypersuggestibility in the
subject over a very short period of time.

GLOSSARY I 953
Discipline The ability to prioritize and then perform
actions on those priorities over other
competing tasks or behaviors. Chase defines
this as the ability to place the needs of your
future self ahead of the needs or desires of
your present-tense self.

A person's ability prioritize objectives and

then perform actions on those priorities ov,er
other competing tasks or behaviors. Havinq
the mental fortitud1~ to place the needs of
your future self ahe,ad of the needs or desires
of your present-tense self.

Dopamine Dopamine is known as the feel-good

neurotransmitter-<l chemical that ferries
information betweem neurons. The brain
releases it when we• eat food that we crave or
while we have sex, contributing to feelings of
pleasure and satisfoction as part of the
reward system. This important neurochemical
boosts mood, motivation, and attention, and
helps regulate movement, learning, and
emotional responSE!S.

In lab experiments, dopamine prompts a nlt

to press a lever for food again and again. This
is no different in humans; it's the reason why
we partake in more than one helping of cake.
This press-the-lever action applies to
addic1"ion as well. People with low levels of
dopamine may be more prone to addiction; a
person seeking ple,::isure via drugs or alcohol
or food needs higher and higher levels of
dopamine.

Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Gyrus The Brodmann area 32, also known in
the human brain as the dorsal anterior
cingulate area 32, refers to a subdivision of
the cytoarchitecturally defined cingulate
cortex. In the humcJn it forms an outer arc
around the anterior cingulate gyrus.
The cingulate sulcus defines approximately its
inner boundary and the superior rostral
sulcus (H) its ventrnl boundary; rostrally it
extends almost to the margin of the frontc1I
lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded
internally by the vemtral anterior cingulate
area 24, externally by medial margins of
the agranular frontal area 6, intermediate
frontal area 8, granular frontal area
9, frontopolar area 10, and prefrontal area 11-
1909. (BrodmarinlCJ'-09).

954 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

 The dorsal region of the anterior cingulate
gyrus is associated with rational thought
processes, most notably active during
the Stroop task.

Dorsomedial Prefrontal Cortex The dmPFC is identified to play roles in

processing a sense of self, integrating social
impressions, theory of mind, morality
judgments, empathy, decision making,
altruism, fear and anxiety information
processing, and top-down motor cortex
inhibition. The dmPFC also modulates or
regulates emotional responses and heart rate
in situations of fear or stress and plays a role
in long-term memory. Some argue that the
dmPFC is made up of several smaller
subregions that are more task-specific. The
dmPFC is attributed with many roles in the
brain. Despite this, there is no definitive
understanding of the exact role dmPFC plays,
and the underlying mechanisms giving rise to
its function(s) in the brain remain to be seen.

The dmPFC is thought to be one component

of how people formulate an identity, or a
sense of self When actors were tasked with
performing a character, fMRI scans showed
relative suppression of the dmPFC compared
to baseline tasks. This same deactivation was
not seen in the other tasks performed by the
actors. The authors theorize that this may be
due to the actors actively suppressing their
own sense of self in order to portray another
character. Similarly, the dmPFC has been
shown to be wholly inactive in individuals with
psychological disassociation

Enjoyment The quality or condition of feeling happy with

the current experience. This is also defined in
the book as the capacity to discover and then
feel happiness about the details or a
particular experience.

Ep External Point: A gesture away from the

operator and subject that suggests the idea
or topic being discussed is not in any way
associated with the subject or operator. For
example, and operator may perform an Ep
while mentioning a negative personality trait
while performing a Negative Dissociation
technique.

GLOSSARY I 955
FATE The FATE model is derived from the four
factors: Focus, Authority, Tribe, and Emotion

Focus The degree to which a person will both

intently concentrate and process information
from a singular source, and become less
aware of the surrounding environment
(sensory exclusion).

Followership The behavioral quality in a subject that is

marked by a powerful desire to follow the
behavior of another person. This is usually ,::i
result of the leader's behavior alone, and not
a result of some technique being applied.
Followership is the natural byproduct of good
leadership and authority.

Four Levers of Influence The four ways that thoughts are processed
and decisions are made in the human brain.
These are Electrical (thoughts), Chemical
(emotions), Behavioral (patterns), and
Impulse (spinal cord and DNA). These four
levers are the four ways a person can be
influenced. The most powerful being Impulse,
and the least being Electrical.

Gratitude The condition of being able to psychologiccJlly

'zoom out' on a situation and feel macro
gratitude for the general big picture, and
micro-gratitude for the small details in the
moment you're experiencing.

Hierarchy of Human Needs Maslow's hierarchy of needs is an idea in

psychology propos,~d by American Abraham
Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human
Motivation" in the journal Psychological
Review. Maslow subsequently extended thei
idea to include his observations of humans'
innate curiosity. His theories parallel many
other theories of human developmental
psychology, some of which focus on
describing the stages of growth in humans.
The theory is a classification system intended
to reflect the universal needs of society as its
base, then proceeding to more acquired
emotions. The hiercirchy of needs is split
between deficiency needs and growth needs,
with two key themes involved within the
theory being individualism and the
prioritization of neHds. While the theory is
usually shown as a pyramid in illustrations,
Maslow himself never created a pyramid to
represent the hierarchy of needs.

956 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

Hippocampus The hippocampus is involved in memory
processing. This part of the brain is important
for learning and memory, for converting short
term memory to more permanent memory,
and for recalling spatial relationships in the
world about us.

Hypersuggestibility The mental state of being magnitudes higher

on the suggestibility scale than a subject is
normally positioned. This state is marked by
relaxed facial muscles, slightly leaning
forward, expectant facial expressions, and a
blink rate under 9BPM on average.

Hypnosis Hypnosis is a method, not a state.

Hypnosis is a method whereby an operator

uses language and other techniques to create
a state of heightened suggestibility by
increasing focus and suggestibility, and
decreasing fear and awareness of the
external environment. Hypnosis is a method
to capture focus, enhance the feelings of
safety and relaxation, and deliver suggestions
during a period of heightened suggestibility
and receptivity.

Hypothalamus The hypothalamus is the size of a coffee bean

but may be the most important structure in
our brain. It is involved in controlling thirst;
hunger; emotions, body temperature; sexual
arousal, circadian (sleep) rhythms and the
autonomic nervous system and endocrine
(hormone) system. In addition, it controls the
pituitary gland.

Identity One's self-concept (also called self-

construction, self-identity, self-
perspective or self-structure) is a collection
of beliefs about oneself. Generally, self-
concept embodies the answer to the
question "Who am I?"

Self-concept is distinguishable from self-

awareness, which refers to the extent to
which self-knowledge is defined, consistent,
and currently applicable to
one's attitudes and dispositions. Self-concept
also differs from self-esteem: self-concept is a
cognitive or descriptive component of one's
self (e.g. "I am a fast runner"), while self-
esteem is evaluative and opinionated (e.g. "I
feel good about being a fast runner").

GLOSSARY I 957
 Self-concept is made up of one's self-
schemas, and interncts with self-esteem, SE!lf-
knowledge, and the social self to form the self
as a whole. It includes the past, present, and
future selves, where! future selves (or possible
selves) represent individuals' ideas of what
they might become, what they would like to
become, or what they are afraid of becoming.
Possible selves may function as incentives for
certain behavior.

The perception people have about their past

or future selves relc1tes to their perception of
their current selves. The temporal self-
appraisal theory argues that people have c1
tendency to maintain a positive self-
evaluation by distancing themselves from
their negative self cmd paying more attention
to their positive onE~. In addition, people hc1ve
a tendency to percE~ive the past self less
favorably (e.g. 'Tm better than I used to be")
and the future self more positively (e.g. "I will
be better than I am now").

Identity Agreement A statement, thought, or unspoken agreement

made by a person cibout who they are, how
they behave, and the way they process
information. An identity agreement can be
subtle, unconsciously accepted, and differ
wildly from the person's true nature. Once <Jn
identity agreement is made, the cognitive
dissonance associated with behaving in a way
that disagrees with the identity agreement
becomes increased severely. An identity
agreement can tak,e many forms such as
agreeing that one behavior is bad, a
behavioral trait is U1ndesirable, or that they
answer a question that suggests they possess
a behavioral trait.

Influence Communication or behavior that causes a

person to take an c1ction they would not have
otherwise taken.

Influence Influence is the ability to affect or shape a

person's thoughts, 'feelings, or behaviors
through social interactions or situational
factors. Influence can be exerted directly,
such as through commands, requests, or
suggestions, or indiirectly, such as through
modeling, conformity, or social comparison.

958 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

Intelligence The Need to feel as though a subject
possesses an uncommon level of knowledge,
intelligence, and/or academic achievement.

Leadership The behavioral quality in an operator that

produces automatic triggering of ancestral
scripts that wire human psychology to follow
a particular individual. This authority trait is
marked by composure and enjoyment being
higher than average, and a lack of judgment.
Leadership will typically show its true
capacity when a person is under a large
amount of stress in front of other people.

Life Script An automated behavioral pattern that a

person develops in childhood. These patterns
are built to save cognitive energy by creating
automations for tasks that a person regularly
repeats, such as operating a cash register or
tying shoes, and to save time by memorizing
responses to conflict that worked in the past.
A life script can also be a memorized set of
behaviors that were able to achieve a positive
reward int he past, such as pleasing parents,
using drugs, or actions that lead to having a
positive sexual experience.

Limbic System The limbic brain manages the body's limbic

system. It developed around 250 million years
ago with the evolution of the first mammals.
It can record memories of behaviors that
produced agreeable and disagreeable
experiences, so it is responsible for what are
called 'emotions' in human beings. This is the
part of the brain where we fall in and out of
love, and bond with others. It is the core of
the pleasure system or reward system in
humans. Mammals, including humans, need to
nurture their young for a time before they are
ready to leave the 'nest' and fend for
themselves. This is unlike most baby reptiles
who just breakout of an egg and scuttle off.

The limbic brain is the seat of the beliefs and

value judgments we develop, often
unconsciously, that exert such a strong
influence on our behavior.

Machine Nl A machine used in Avery programming for the

purposes of creating physiological changes to
neuronal pathways for the real estate Avery
will occupy in the mind.

GLOSSARY I 959
Mammalian Brain See: Limbic System

Milgram Experiment The Milgram experiment(s) on obedience to

authority figures W<lS a series of social
psychology experiments conducted by YalEi
University psychologist Stanley Milgram. They
measured the willingness of study
participants, men in the age range of 20 to 50
from a diverse ran9e of occupations with
varying levels of education, to obey an
authority figure who instructed them to
perform acts conflicting with their personal
conscience. Participants were led to believe
that they were assisting an unrelated
experiment, in which they had to administer
electric shocks to a "learner". These fake
electric shocks gradually increased to levels
that would have been fatal had they been
real.

The experiment found, unexpectedly, that ,::i

very high proportion of subjects would fully
obey the instructions, albeit reluctantly.
Milgram first described his research in a 1963
article in the Joumal of Abnormal and Social
Psychology[!] and later discussed his findings
in greater depth in his 1974 book, Obedience
to Authority: An Experimental View.

Neuropeptide Neuropeptides are chemical messengers

made up of small chains of amino acids th1Jt
are synthesized and released
by neurons. Neuropeptides typically bind to G
protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to
modulate neural ac:tivity and other tissues like
the gut, muscles, and heart.

There are over 100 known neuropeptides,

representing the largest and most diverse
class of signaling molecules in the nervous
system. Neuropeptides are synthesized from
large precursor proteins which are cleaved
and post-translationally processed then
packaged into dense core vesicles.
Neuropeptides are often co-released with
other neuropeptidE!S and neurotransmitters in
a single neuron, yie!lding a multitude of
effects. Once released, neuropeptides can
diffuse widely to affect a broad range of
targets.

960 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

Now The Now Gesture: A gesture performed by the
operator toward their wristwatch to
subconsciously communicate that a decision
needs to be made, or that this moment is the
best time to decide to do something.

Nucleus Accumbens The Nucleus Accumbens plays a central role in

the reward circuit. Its operation is based
chiefly on two essential
neurotransmitters: dopamine which promotes
desire and anticipation of pleasure,
and serotonin whose effects include satiety
and inhibition. Many animal studies have
shown drugs generally increase the
production of dopamine in the nucleus
accumbens, while reducing that of serotonin.
But the nucleus accumbens does not work in
isolation. It maintains close relations with
others centers involved in the mechanisms of
pleasure, and in particular, with the ventral
tegmental area, also called the VTA.

Op Operator Point: Where an operator makes a

subtle gesture toward themselves to associate
a topic being discussed with them in the· mind
of a subject. For example, words such as
'trustworthy', 'mentor', and 'guide', might be
used, or topics like 'becoming completely
focused on something' might be mentioned
while gesturing toward yourself as the
operator. See the influence section for more
info.

Openness The degree to which a person feels

comfortable being vulnerable, and the degree
to which their fear of social repercussions is
reduced.

Operator The person performing any method of

ThoughtCraft TM on a subject.

Perception (Influence Context)The way a person perceives the meaning of

an interaction, and thus makes predictions
and assumptions about what is socially
acceptable.

The perception can be shifted to modify how

the person defines not only the interaction,
but deeper-reaching levels of perception such
as self-worth.

GLOSSARY I 961
Permission The degree to which a person feels both thE~
ability and the license to perform an action
that is suggested or implied from an outside
source. Permission provides reassurance
during any time a prediction cannot be
reliably made about outcomes. Permission
provides us with a license to behave in certain
ways and diffuses our feeling of responsibility
for the outcome of some of our actions ..

Persuasion Persuasion is the process of intentionally

changing a person's attitudes, beliefs, or
behaviors through communication. Attitudes
refer to the positive or negative evaluation of
an object, person, or idea, while beliefs are
the acceptance or rejection of a proposition
or claim. Behaviors refer to the observable
actions or responses of an individual in a
given situation.

Persuasion is a complex and dynamic process

that involves multiple factors, including the
persuader's credibility, expertise, likability,
and attractiveness, the message content,
structure, and timing, and the audience's
cognitive, emotioncll, and motivational state.

Pituitary The pituitary is oftein referred to as the

'master gland', beoause it produces hormones
that control several of the other endocrine or
hormone glands. It makes growth hormonE~,
puberty hormones, thyroid stimulating
hormone, prolactin and adrenocorticotrophic
hormone (ACTH, which stimulates the adrenal
stress hormone, cortisol). It also makes the
fluid balance hormone called anti-diuretic
hormone (ADH).

Pleasure-Rich and Happy-Poor The state or

condition where a person, who is unaware of
the difference between pleasure and
happiness, seeks to fulfill themselves
unsuccessfully. This condition causes people
to unknowingly seek out situations that cause
pleasure (dopamirn~), while expecting to
experience happiness (serotonin). In many
cases, this condition leads to a person feeling
increasingly unfulfilled. Most depression and
feelings of anxiety are a result of unmet
expectations. In this instance, the unmet
expectations are unconsciously experienceid,

962 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

 while the feelings of unfulfillment are easily
felt. often, the lack of their ability to
identify the cause of this feeling leads to
even more depression or negative
emotions.

Psychological Loopholes Gaps in our ability to resist influence when

factors are present that override our
critical judgment. These gaps are
behavioral traits that we inherited from our
ancestors that were initially 'designed' to
keep us alive, get along with a tribe,
comply with tribal authorities, and
memorize patterns such as the movement
of snakes and the sounds of approaching
predators.

Reactance Reactance is an unpleasant motivational

arousal that emerges when people
experience a threat to or loss of their free
behaviors. It serves as a motivator to
restore one's freedom. The amount of
reactance depends on the importance of
the threatened freedom and the perceived
magnitude of the threat. Internal threats
are self-imposed threats arising from
choosing specific alternatives and rejecting
others. External threats arise either from
impersonal situational factors that by
happenstance create a barrier to an
individual's freedom or from social
influence attempts targeting a specific
individual (Brehm, 1966; Brehm & Brehm,
1981; Clee & Wicklund, 1980).

Residual Electricity/Electrical Charge The electrical activity that

continues to remain in a brain area after
the area has been used. Neurons will
remain more likely to be activated after
having been 'used' recently. This makes the
neurons more easily activated in the
subject by the operator. Residual electricity
can be related to memories, behaviors,
emotions, Life Scripts, and Ancestor Scripts
(in some cases).

GLOSSARY I 963
Resting Potential The imbalance of electrical charge that exists
between the interior of electrically excitabli=
neurons (nerve cells) and their surroundings.
The resting potentic1I of electrically excitable
cells lies in the range of -60 to -95 millivolts (1
millivolt = 0.001 volt), with the inside of the
cell negatively charged. If the inside of a cell
becomes more electronegative (i.e., if the
potential is made greater than the resting
potential), the membrane or the cell is said to
be hyperpolarized. If the inside of the cell
becomes less negative (i.e., the potential
decreases below th,e resting potential), the
process is called depolarization.

Sensory Preference The sensory channel a person defaults to

initially when thinking about the world around
them, or processin£1 information in their
imagination about an future event or past
memory. Some individuals rely mostly on
visual information, while others may process
and think about the! world in terms of audio
sensations, or feelings and physical
movement. Identifying sensory preference
can assist you in understanding how you C<ln
structure your language to communicate in
such a way that a subject will be more likely
to identify with your language, and become
more immersed in the descriptions you offor
to them.

Significance The Need to feel like a subject makes a

difference in the world and that their actions
have impact.

Six-Axis Model of Influence The Six-Axis Model represents the six aspects
or approaches to influence. Focus,
Suggestibility, Openness, Connection,
Compliance, and Expectancy. Achieving a
high level of three or more elements
exponentially increoses the likelihood of
obtaining a desired persuasion outcome. For
instance, the Milgrc1m Experiment, despite the
extreme results achieved, only leveraged
three of the six axes: Focus, Suggestibility,
and Compliance.

Sp Subject Point: A subtle gesture performed by

the operator toward the subject with the aim
of subconsciously c1ssociating a topic or id,aa
with the subject. Words such as 'focused',
'captivated', and 'open' might be used with
this gesture. See the influence section for
more info.

964 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

Spinal Cord The spinal cord is a column of nerves that
extends from the brain stem down the back,
encased in and protected by the bony
vertebral column. It carries signals that
control movement, sensation, and organ
functions to and from the brain. Damage to it
due to injury or illness can cause some degree
of paralysis. Treatment options depend on the
exact location and extent of any damage, but
may include physical therapy, medications, or
even surgery.

Stanford Prison Experiment The Stanford Prison Experiment, a social

psychology study in which college students
became prisoners or guards in a simulated
prison environment. The experiment, funded
by the U.S. Office of Naval Research, took
place at Stanford University in August 1971. It
was intended to measure the effect of role-
playing, labeling, and social expectations on
behavior over a period of two weeks.
However, mistreatment of prisoners escalated
so alarmingly that principal investigator Philip
G. Zimbardo terminated the experiment after
only six days.

Subject The recipient of positive ThoughtCraft™

Suggestibility Attempts to isolate a global trait of

"suggestibility" have not been successful, due
to an inability of the available testing
procedures to distinguish measurable
differences between the following distinct
types of "suggestibility":

To be affected by a communication or
expectation such that certain responses are
overtly enacted, or subjectively experienced,
without volition, as in automatism.

Deliberately to use one's imagination or

employ strategies to bring about effects (even
if interpreted, eventually, as involuntary) in
response to a communication or expectation.

To accept what people say consciously, but

uncritically, and to believe or privately accept
what is said.

To conform overtly to expectations or the

views of others, without the appropriate
private acceptance or experience; that is, to
exhibit behavioral compliance without private
acceptance or belief.

GLOSSARY I 965
Thalamus The thalamus is the· switchboard operator of
our brain. Any sensory information (except for
smell) that comes into our bodies goes to our
thalamus first and the thalamus sends the
information to the right parts of our brain to
get processed.

The Impulse Cycle The cycle by which a person is made to feel an

impulse to perform a particular task. Most
commonly, the impulse cycle consists of
leveraging psychological principles to bring a
person to the state of impulse. This is most
commonly leveraging subconscious needs,
targeting values, and pointing the person's
mind at their Decision Pillar.

Tradecraft Tradecraft is the artform involving a set of

techniques and methods for employing
precision persuasion and influence.Thes1~
techniques require a high degree of expertise,
training, and discre!tion, as well as a deep
understanding of psychology, behavior, and
social skill. Tradecriaft is made possible by
resting on the solid foundation of the
Authroity traits which are continuously honed
by Authors.

Tribe Any social group of people that are in

agreement, whethe!r consciously or
unconsciously, to behave in a particular way,
regardless of the presence of a singular
authority figure.

Values The desired results a person has with both

their lives, and their choices. A person's Values
are strongly assodated with their Needs and
are usually correla1'ed.

Veering An action performe!d by a subject when they

are distracted, or begin losing focus. This
behavior is marked by a lack of focus,
reduced attentionc1I captivity, and incre,Jsing
behavior of distraction.

966 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

Ventral Tegmental Area The VTA is one of the two major dopaminergic
areas in the brain (the other being the
substantia nigra). Although there is not a very
clear anatomical separation between the VTA
and substantia nigra, the areas do seem to
differ slightly in where most of their neurons
project to. The largest bundle of fibers leaving
the substantia nigra, known as the
nigrostriatal pathway, projects to the caudate
and putamen (together known as the
striatum). There are several major efferents
that project from the VTA; two of the most
prominent are the mesolimbic and
mesocortical pathways, which travel to imbic
and cortical areas, respectively.

Window A state that lasts for a short period of time

marked by a sharp increase in suggestibility,
a reduction in cognitive capacity, and a
momentary lapse in the subject's ability to
criticize or scrutinize incoming information.
This short-lived state allows an operator to
insert commands, suggestions, and ideas
without a subject being able to choose
whether or not to accept them. See the
influence section for more info.

GLOSSARY I 967
NEUROGENIC TREMORS
In this paper, I published a number of findings rega1rding neurogenic tremors,
and their potential for therapeutic use. Although I dlon't use them in Avery for
this purpose, I believe this article to be of help to those wishing to bring this
into practice.

THERAPEUTIC NEUl~OGENIC
TREMORS FOR TRE)~TING
NEUROGENIC PATHOLOGIES
Chase Hughes
Applied Behavior Research, Frontiers
February 6, 2023

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the impact of therapeutic neu1rogenic tremors on

neurological functions of the body - including its role in reducing stress levels -
exploring its implications for managing various neurological pathologies.

INTRODUCTION

Stress is a significant health issue globally, causing a significant portion of the

population to suffer from mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression,
attention deficit, bi-polar, and other mood-related disorders (World Health
Organization, 2014). Chronic stress is also linked to various physical health
problems, including strokes, obesity, high blood pressure, pain, gastrointestinal
complaints, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Chronic stress and
trauma also contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases, and
neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's, dementiia, and Parkinson's disease.
It is, therefore, crucial to find effective ways to manage and relieve stress as a
way of improving overall health and quality of life. :Stress is largely associated
with Parkinson's disease; a neurodegenerative condition characterized by a
range of motor and non-motor symptoms that affect independence and
quality of life in those affected. The main motor symptoms include rigidity,
slow movement, postural instability, gait difficulties, and resting tremors. Non-
motor symptoms include depressive moods, sleep disorders, apathy, anxiety,
cognitive decline, autonomic dysfunction, pain, and fatigue. These symptoms
are typically managed through medications that target the dysfunctions in the
dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic systems. Trauma and Tension Releasing
Exercises™ (TRE) is one of the relatively new body-based therapy has been
designed to alleviate stress and related disorders. It works by evoking
neurogenic tremors, which are a natural mechanism in all animals to remove
physical and psychological stress. TRE involves a seiries of simple exercises

968 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

designed to evoke tremors in a controlled and sustained manner. The
hypothesis behind TRE is that neurogenic tremors are an innate mechanism
that helps all animals restore balance in the body by calming down an over-
aroused nervous system. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of
therapeutic neurogenic tremors for treating various neurological pathologies.

STRESS MECHANISM

A study by Atterbury (Atterbury, Doctor dissertation 2019) explored the impact

that stress have on neurological functions of the body. In this study, Atterbury
(2019) terms stress as a global problem that has led to a rise in mental health
disorders such as anxiety, depression, attention deficiency, bi-polar, and other
mood-related conditions. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that a
quarter to a third of the European population suffers from some form of
mental health disorder (World Health Organization, 2014). A study by Gaffey
(Gaffey, 2016) indicates that stress can also contribute to physical health
problems such as diabetes, strokes, obesity, and high blood pressure. It has
been suggested that stress may also play a role in neurological disorders such
as Alzheimer's, dementia, and Parkinson's disease, particularly in increasing
the prevalence of depression and mobility-related issues (Piazza, 2013).
(Hemmerle, 2012) discovered that stress is a physiological change in body
chemicals, while anxiety is the psychological sensation associated with this
change. Prolonged exposure to stress can lead to general anxiety and other
adverse consequences, including depression and somatization - the
manifestation of stress into physical illness and injury. (Goldstein, 2018) have
shown that there is overlap between perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and
somatization, so measuring two or more of these symptoms can give a valid
score for the level of stress an individual is experiencing.

STRESS AS A SAFETY MECHANISM

(Hemmerle, 2012) shows that the body's response to perceived danger

involves a complex interaction between various bodily systems including the
central and peripheral nervous system, endocrine, immune, and
musculoskeletal systems. The stress response is triggered and sustained by the
Autonomic Nervous System and results in a cascade of emotional, cognitive,
and behavioral responses (Sugama, 2016). If the natural stress response is
disrupted, it can result in an exacerbated response when faced with new
perceived danger. The symptoms of stress manifest across the mind-body
connection and are underpinned by neurobiological processes that mostly
operate outside of conscious awareness. The amygdala serves as the early-
warning system for the brain and processes sensory signals outside of
conscious thinking, a process known as neuroception (Horowitz, 1945). When
danger is perceived, the "fight or flight" response is activated, involving
multiple systems such as the Autonomic Nervous System, brain,
Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, and psoas muscles (Takakusaki, 2004).
This response can range from slight to intense and can occur in almost
immediate response to physical or psychological threats. The effects of the
"fight or flight" response can result in various symptoms due to acute or
chronic stress.

GLOSSARY I 969
(Hobofll, 1989) has suggested that during a stress response, the neocortex,
which is responsible for higher thinking, learning, and understanding, is
inhibited, while the reptilian and mammalian brains,. which are concerned with
survival and emotions, are stimulated, leading to a state of hyperarousal. This
shift in brain function can result in increased forgetfulness, decreased rational
thinking, and more impulsive behavior. The triune brain concept, similar to
Maslow's hierarchy of needs, can help explain these changes. Research by
Liston (Liston, 2009) supports these findings, suggesting that chronic stress
can even lead to executive dysfunction. This insight into the brain's response to
stress might explain why conventional talk therapy is not always effective in
treating PTSD, anxiety, and other stress-related illm~sses. The triune brain
concept, when applied to stress response suggests that the neocortex
becomes inhibited during stress, while the reptilian ,::md mammalian brains
become stimulated, leading to a state of hyperarousal. This shift in brain
function is due to the body's focus on survival or su1·vival of offspring. This can
lead to forgetfulness, impulsive behavior, and decreased rational thinking (
(Harrison, 2009). The two brains activated during a stressful event, which may
result in trauma, are non-verbal, emotional, and focused on survival, which
may help explain further issues with talk therapy.

STRESS RESPONSE AND THERAPEUTIC

NEUROLOGIC TREMORS

The freeze response is one of the three options the body has during a stress
response: flight, fight, or freeze. It occurs when the danger is inescapablH and
too life-threatening to fight, and humans can exhibit it through physical
immobility or dissociation (Levine P., 1997). Dissocicltion is defined as a clinical
psychiatric condition characterized by fragmentation and splitting of the
mind, altered perceptions and behavior, numbing aind avoidance. A study by
(Van der Kolk, 1996) provides that the freeze response is marked by
bradykinesia, decreased heart rate and breathing, 1Jnd release of opioids, and
is believed to be mediated by the vagal nerve. The polyvagal theory states
that the vagal nerve has three distinct functions, including stimulation of the
SNS for fight or flight, stimulation of instinctual extreme co-activation of the
PNS for the freeze response, and stimulation of the PNS for social
engagement. (Payne, 2015)

The aim of the body is to respond to a state of ventral vagal activation, which
promotes social engagement and a calm state. The polyvagal theory
attributes three functions to the vagal nerve: to stimulate the SNS for fight or
flight, to stimulate extreme co-activation of the PNS for the freeze response,
and to stimulate the PNS for social engagement ( (Marx, 2008). Polyvagc1I
theory is linked to the concept of neuroception, which is the neural system's
ability to detect whether a situation or person is safe, dangerous, or life-
threatening. (Marx, 2008) provides that neurogenic tremors are thought to be
the natural way to return to the ventral vagal state and end the stress
response, but only occur when the neural system determines that the
environment is "safe enough ( (Volchan, 2011)." The theory of neuroception
and the polyvagal theory are important in understonding how the body
responds to different levels of danger and how it returns to a calm state.

970 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

DYNAMIC SYSTEMS THEORY

The Dynamic Systems Theory (DST) explains human movement as a result of

complex interactions between different systems in the body, environment, and
task. This theory states that the body will self-organize to find the most stable
solution, referred to as an attractor state, based on environmental,
biomechanical, and morphological constraints (Cano-De-La-Cuerda, 2015). The
theory also suggests that any changes to the system, either through addition
or subtraction of constraints, could lead to non-linear changes and new
attractor states. In this theory, the input does not lead to a linear, predictable
change in output, making it a non-linear system where small changes can
have a big impact and vice versa. The Dynamic Systems Theory (DST) explains
how human movement is produced through complex interactions between
different systems in the body, the environment, and the task at hand
(Harbourne, 2009). The theory suggests that the body will self-organize to find
the most stable solution, known as an attractor state, that best serves the
body in a particular context. DST highlights the importance of understanding
how changes in constraints, such as physical, neurological, anatomical, or
psychological factors, can result in non-linear changes in movement patterns.
Stress can impact the dynamic system by increasing individual constraints and
negatively affecting postural control. This could have a greater impact on
individuals with Parkinson's disease, who may already have more individual
constraints, even slight increases in stress could result in greater functional
limitations (Woollacott, 2002).

TRE (Tension & Trauma Releasing Exercises™) is a therapeutic approach that

uses simple movements to stimulate the body's self-organization into more
effective patterns of behavior or movement. It aims to minimize the impact of
environmental and task constraints to allow the body to spontaneously
reorganize itself and promote self-healing (Kirby, 2013). The tremoring
observed during TRE sessions is theorized to be the physical expression of this
self-organization and the movements aid in promoting better results through
adaptation. (Ross, 2013, 4) explain the tremoring mechanism using the
principles of DST and chaos theory and see it as the body's way of re-adjusting
and growing from stressful experiences. Research studies have shown the
benefits of stress reduction through TRE.

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

The ANS, which primarily controls the stress response, consists of two
branches, the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic
nervous system (PNS) (Scaer, 2001). The SNS is activated in response to
perceived danger, preparing the body for action by activating the
cardiovascular system, skeletal muscles, and releasing hormones while
simultaneously inhibiting non-essential bodily functions (Payne, 2015). This
leads to symptoms such as increased heart rate and breathing, pupil dilation,
perspiration, hypertension, decreased salivation, indigestion, constipation,
increased blood-glucose, and cortisol. Chronic stress, or chronic dysregulation
of homeostasis, can lead to long-term health problems such as heart disease,
gastrointestinal disease, diabetes, adrenal fatigue, increased inflammation,
and reproductive problems (Van der Kolk, 1996). People with interstitial cystitis
and pelvic pain (IwPD) suffer from autonomic dysregulation, including

GLOSSARY I 971
cardiovascular problems, gastrointestinal complain1·s, and autonomic
dysregulation, which is associated with fatigue in IwPD and other conditions.

EXERCISE THERAPIES AS TREATMENT

(Swisher, 2010) studied how exercise has been used in the past to promote
health. The study reveals that exercise has been viewed a key component of
maintaining good health and promoting longevity since ancient times. It has
been extensively researched for its potential benefits on physical fitness,
overall health, psychology, quality of life, and even the brain. This is
particularly important for the elderly and individuals with neurodegenerative
diseases such as Parkinson's Disease (PD). The belie!f that exercise can be
considered a form of medicine dates back to Hippocrates. Regular exercise
has been shown to have potential neuroprotective effects in people with
Parkinson's disease (PD) and improve their quality e>f life (QoL) (Berryman,
Exercise is medicine: a historical perspective , 2010). It has been found tc>
stimulate dopamine synthesis, promote brain repair and neuroplasticity, and
improve motor and non-motor symptoms. (Berrymc1n, Exercise is medicine: a
historical perspective, 2010) further offers that exercise can also enhance
motor cortex activation and improve balance and overall function. People with
PD are generally more inactive than healthy peers, and declining physicc1I
activity levels can contribute to functional decline. Exercise interventions can
lead to functional improvements and improve QoL.

According to (Russell, 2013), exercise interventions have been researched for

their benefits towards motor and non-motor symptoms in people with
Parkinson's disease (PD). Popular exercise modalitieis include cycling, boxing,
resistance training, aqua aerobics, treadmill gait trnining, cognitive movement
strategies, sensory attention focused exercise, and Lee Silverman Voice
Therapy. These exercises have been found to be eff,ective at improving
physical functioning, health related QoL, leg strength, balance, and gait
(Schutzer, 2004). Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies
have also gained popularity as they can offer improvements in motor and non-
motor symptoms and be interesting and enjoyable. CAM therapies are often
used to improve stress management, promote relaxation and well-being, and
resolve psychological issues that mainstream methods fail to improve
(Mitterauer, 2015). Given the impact of chronic stress and trauma on PD,
alternative therapies might be a possible solution.

(Morris M. e., 2010) states that most persons with Pcirkinson's disease (PD) turn
to complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies to help manage
their symptoms, as it is estimated that 40-76% of pE~ople with PD use some
form of CAM. CAM therapies for PD include yoga, Tcii Chi, Qigong, dance
therapies, music therapy, drum circles, expressive writing, active theatre
therapy, mindfulness therapy, acupuncture, massage, reflexology, Alexander
technique, Feldenkrais method, stochastic resonance therapy, progressive
relaxation, and whole-body vibration therapy (Mitterauer, 2015). These CAM
therapies have been shown to be beneficial for improving QoL, depressive
moods, sleep, and cognition. Specifically, acupuncture and Tai Chi may help
with depressive moods, QoL, and sleep, while dance! and yoga have some
evidence in improving cognition, apathy, and fatigue.

972 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

A review by (Kwok J. Y., 2016) found that mind-body exercise therapies, such
as yoga, Tai Chi, and dance therapies, showed beneficial effects on motor
symptoms, postural instability, and functional mobility in individuals with mild
to moderate (Kwok J. e., 2017) proposed a study to investigate the effects of
yoga versus stretching versus resistance training on PD in a randomized
control study. (Kwok J. e., 2017) prescribes to the belief that yoga could help
PD patients through the theory of self-transcendence. In their study, (Kwok J.
e., 2017) explores the boundaries and redefines the experience of PD illness to
attain a sense of well-being despite their PD trajectory. Evidence suggests that
CAM therapies promoting relaxation can improve both motor and non-motor
symptoms of PD (Morris M. e., 2010). Mind-body therapies might be
particularly suited to address both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD as
there is sufficient evidence about how the mind and body interact and affect
each other as an expression of holistic health.

THERAPEUTIC TREMOR AND VIBRATIONAL

THERAPIES

(Kirby, 2013) posit that vibrational and tremor therapies have been researched
for their effects on Parkinson's disease (PD). These therapies are based on the
idea that vibrations and tremors can be therapeutic for the human body, as
they are with most of the animal population. Vibrational therapies are often
induced by a therapist through a machine, while self-initiated tremors can be
induced through selective exercises, breathing techniques, or sound. The
theories behind why vibration and tremors might be beneficial for the human
body include biomechanical and sensorimotor stimulation, allowing the body
to reorganize itself through neural noise, and being the body's innate response
to stress (Atterbury, Doctor dissertation 2019). There are various tremor
therapies that have been researched for their effects on PD, including whole-
body vibration therapy, Lee Silverman Voice Therapy, and stochastic
resonance therapy. There are also other tremor therapies that have not been
researched, but they may have a promising effect on PD.

Additionally, it is believed that the vibration may improve blood flow and
oxygenation to the brain, which can result in improved motor function and
decreased symptoms of PD. The Alexander technique is a therapy that focuses
on re-educating the body to move in a more efficient and harmonious manner,
which in turn can reduce symptoms of PD (Atterbury, Doctor dissertation
2019). The technique involves teaching individuals to change their habitual
patterns of movement and posture, which can reduce muscle tension and
stiffness and improve balance, coordination, and mobility. The therapy is
performed by a qualified practitioner and involves a series of gentle, hands-on
directions and verbal cues to help the individual learn to move in a new and
more efficient way. Although not many studies have been conducted on the
Alexander technique and PD, the results from the available studies are
promising, with improvement in balance, posture, and mobility reported. WBV
and the Alexander technique are both therapies that have been used to help
manage symptoms of PD, and both have shown promising results (Kwok J. Y.,
2016). However, more research is needed to better understand the underlying
mechanisms and to determine the most effective protocols for these therapies.

GLOSSARY I 973
WHY HUMANS MIGHT SUPPRESS NATURAL
TREMORS

Tremoring is a natural response to stress, whether it be physical,

psychological, emotional, or mental. This shaking is thought to be a way to
calm the body and improve the mental and physica,I state. Tremoring is seen in
humans, such as in mothers rocking their babies, or in individuals during or
after orgasms (Cohen, 2015). However, it is often suppressed due to soci<ll
conditioning that views it as a sign of weakness. The tremor is called a
neurogenic tremor, as it is thought to be caused by dysregulation of the
autonomic nervous system due to trauma. This tremoring is believed to be
genetically encoded in all animals and has been theorized to have
physiological benefits. Therapeutic neurogenic tremors (TNT) refer to natural
chaotic tremors induced through therapy modalities such as Somatic
Experiencing (SE), Neurophysics Therapy (NPT), and Trauma and Tension
Releasing Exercises™ (TRE) (Berceli D., 2007). These therapies are used to
promote healing and are thought to be a response to stress or trauma. They
have been used for more than 15 years each and hclVe reported promising
results in various populations, including individuals with restless legs syndrome
and PTSD, in terms of performance, pain, stress, sle·ep, depression, anxiety,
and quality of life.

· SOMATIC EXPERIENCE

Somatic Experiencing (SE) is a mind-body CAM therapy for healing trauma

and stress-related disorders. It was developed by Peter Levine and focuses on
the individual's perceived physical sensations in on,:-on-one sessions (Levine P.
A., 2010). SE uses bottom-up processing by directin,;i attention to internal
physical sensations, such as breathing, heart rate, muscle tightness, and other
sensations, instead of conventional top-down approaches like talk therapy or
medication. The method is based on Levine's insights from various fields of
study including psychology, neuroscience, and indi9enous healing practices
(Levine P. A., 2010). PTSD symptoms are considered a result of incomplete
defense reactions to traumatic events, which are ccirried by body sensations.
SE aims to avoid retraumatization by addressing tn:iumatic memories through
body sensations and promotes recovery by creatin9 new associations (Ogden,
2006). (Chou, 2017) states that the therapy encourages internal awareness of
physical sensations and spontaneous movements, cmd individuals may
experience trembling in areas of the body that wen~ injured or used during the
traumatic event. SE has been shown to be effective in reducing depression and
PTSD symptoms, as demonstrated in a randomized control study by (Brom,
2017).

NEUROPHYSICS THERAPY (NPT)

Neurophysics therapy (NPT) was developed by Ken Ware and operates on ,:i
different approach than SE or TRE. It uses TNT to improve individuals but does
not view the tremor as a stress response, instead it is seen as a body's natural
self-healing and re-organization process (Atterbury, Doctor dissertation 2019).
NPT is performed on gym equipment cit ultra-slow speeds and with a relaxed
state of mind. The slow speed allows the nervous system to detect and adjust

974 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

imbalances resulting in chaotic movements. If the client experiences slight
movements, they are instructed to hold the position to permit the dynamic
response to evolve. NPT has been claimed to help with various diseases, but
research is limited. Case report studies have shown benefits such as increased
brainwave coherency, improved heart rate variability, and increased muscle
synchronization and coupling strength.

THERAPEUTIC NEUROLOGICAL TREMORS

Many persons suffering from Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (IwPD) turn to

complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies to manage their
symptoms. It is estimated that 40-76% of IwPD use some form of CAM (Van
der Kolk, 1996). CAM therapies that have been researched for PD include yoga,
Tai Chi, Qigong, dance therapies, music therapy, mindfulness therapy,
acupuncture, massage, reflexology, Alexander technique, and more. These
therapies have been shown to improve quality of life, mood, sleep, and
cognition in IwPD. Mind-body exercise therapies, such as yoga, Tai Chi, and
dance therapies, have demonstrated beneficial effects on motor symptoms,
postural instability, and functional mobility. There is evidence that CAM
therapies promoting relaxation can improve both motor and non-motor
symptoms in IwPD and that mind-body therapies are well suited to address
both motor and non-motor symptoms due to the connection between the mind
and body in holistic health (Payne, 2015). English vernacular acknowledges
that tremors are a normal human experience and phrases such as "shaking in
my boots" suggest this. The idea of tremors being therapeutic dates to 1892,
and the effects of vibrations are believed to come from biomechanical and
sensorimotor stimulation, the body's ability to reorganize through neural noise,
and the body's innate response to stress.

Tension and Trauma Releasing Exercises™ (TRE) was developed by Dr. David
Berceli, based on his observations of how people react to traumatic events. He
noticed that when people (and animals) were faced with threats, they
instinctively curled their bodies inward, into a fetal position (Berceli D. e.,
2014). He also observed that children would shake or tremor in response to
traumatic events, but adults would not. This led Berceli to believe that the
tremoring was a natural phenomenon of the body to discharge tension. He
then returned to the USA and began to research this mechanism. With his
background as a monk, social worker, psychologist, and massage therapist,
Berceli developed TRE to help individuals release tension and trauma from the
body through spontaneous tremoring exercises (Berceli D. , 2007). Animal
studies have shown that after life-threatening events, animals shake and
tremor to calm their nervous systems, which is seen more prominently in
animals experiencing a freezing or immobility response. This spontaneous
recovery has been linked to increased resilience in animals, while not allowing
spontaneous recovery has been linked to early death. Similarities have been
drawn between how animals and humans respond to highly stressful situations
(Berceli D. &., 2006). However, it has been observed that captive animals do
not display this response as strongly as their wild counterparts, and
researchers have noted that caged animals often have impaired health and
shorter lifespan.

GLOSSARY I 975
The theories of (Levine P., 1997) and (Van der Kolk, 1996) suggest that the l<Jck
of recovery from a traumatic event in humans leads to the storage of energy
from the "fight or flight" response, causing hyperarc>usal in the nervous
system. This theory is further supported by Levine's development of Somatic
Experiencing therapy and Scaer's research on whiplash syndrome, which
suggests that traumatic memories can have a profound impact on the body.
The theories propose that if the body is not able to fully recover from a
traumatic event, it may result in PTSD and may explain why some individuc1ls
experience tremors or re-enact traumatic events as a way to complete the
freeze response and normalize the body's state. The theory of neurogenic
tremors, as proposed by (Scaer, 2001) and (Berceli D. , 2007), states that
chronic stress or trauma can be stored in the body, not just in the mind. These
tremors are believed to be an innate adaptive mechanism that helps restore
homeostasis in response 1·0 stress and have a physiological, not psychological,
origin. (Berceli D., 2007) suggests that these tremors can also be activated
therapeutically to discharge an incomplete stress re·sponse.

ALEXANDER TECHNIQUE

The Alexander Technique is a manual therapy that c1ims to help people change
their movement patterns and posture. It is a hands-on therapy that involves
gentle touch, guidance, and verbal ins1·ruction from a therapist. Research has
shown that the Alexander technique can be helpful iin improving balance,
posture and reducing falls in individuals with PD. However, there is a need for
more research to determine the long-term effects of the Alexander technique
on PD. The Alexander technique is a therapy that aims to improve overall body
posture, coordination, and balance by teaching individuals how to move in a
more efficient manner. The therapy emphasizes on <Jwareness, mindfulness,
and proper body mechanics. A review by Deiglmayr and colleagues (2012)
found that Alexander technique had a positive effect on balance, postural
control, and activities of daily living for IwPD. Although, the number of studies
investigating the effects of Alexander technique for IwPD is limited, the few
studies that are available seem to support its efficacy for individuals with PD.

The exact mechanisms of why the Alexander technique might be beneficial are
yet to be determined but some theories suggest thc1t the therapy works by
modifying movement patterns, re-educating the neuromuscular system, and
promoting better body alignment and postur (Cohen, 2015). The Alexander
Technique is an educational therapeutic process aimed at retraining habitual
patterns of movement and posture to improve overnll physical well-being. It
starts with hands-on sessions with a therapist and icJter becomes an
instructional therapy in individual private sessions. The technique has been
reported to reduce or prevent chronic back pain and other problems that
occur in Parkinson's disease, such as poor muscular respiratory function.
Research has shown that the mindful movement approaches used in the
Alexander Technique can improve balance and mobility in individuals with
Parkinson's disease by increasing upright postural c1lignment and decreasing
rigidity, and also improve self-reported disease sev,erity and depression.

976 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

THERAPEUTIC TREMOR THERAPIES

Body tremors can be a physical manifestation of stress and are recognized as

a diagnostic feature in the DSM-IV-TR. However, the underlying causes and
potential benefits of these tremors have not been thoroughly studied. A study
by (Scaer, 2001) provides that body tremors during stressful events are
considered neurogenic tremors and are recognized as diagnostic features in
various mental disorders, such as Panic Attacks, Social Phobias, Generalized
Anxiety Disorder, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, according to the DSM
(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders by the American
Psychiatric Association). These tremors are a result of the brain's procedural
memory system and can be considered a primordial somatic experience
inherent in human genetics. According to (Levine P., 1997) (Levine P., 2010),
the physical sensation of neurogenic tremors is a mild vibration or shaking of
the muscles that has been researched for its athletic and therapeutic
potential, but less so for its psychotherapeutic benefits. Some neurologists,
such as Dr. Robert Scaer and Dr. Peter Levine, believe that these tremors have
been suppressed in our culture due to the discomfort and social stigma
surrounding their uncontrollable nature. They suggest that this suppression
may be relieved through medicine, alcohol, or other substances.

The current social and medical view of neurogenic tremors is that they are a
pathological expression of reduced coping abilities with stress. This view has
led to limited research into the potential therapeutic benefits of these tremors,
and it is suggested that until this view changes, the exploration of the
therapeutic value of these tremors will remain limited. Selye's research in the
1970s explored the potential therapeutic effects of tremors as a response to
stress in animals. He found that animals naturally experience tremors after
stressful events and that these tremors appear to have a protective effect,
making the animals more resilient to future stress (Selye, 1973). Selye's work
laid the foundation for the understanding of the human body's non-specific
response to stress. Neuro-physiological studies in animals have shown that
traumatic events can cause physiological shock, leading to an immediate
release of protective hormones and increased energy in the muscles, enabling
the body to respond with a fight/flight or freeze response. This same reaction
has been observed in humans in response to perceived threats.

It has been shown that animals in the wild have an innate "trembling"
mechanism that helps them recover from traumatic events by discharging the
high biochemical and neuromuscular charge. This trembling mechanism
provides them with a built-in immunity to PTSD and enables them to return to
normal life without developing symptoms. According to animal researchers,
this mechanism indicates a survival advantage and has survived the evolution
of the species. Additionally, (Scaer, 2001) theorizes that these tremors involve
an expenditure of energy during a vulnerable time of recovery from physical
stress, indicating that they play a role in the survival process. A study by
(Berceli D. e., 2014) (Scaer, 2001) reveals that musculoskeletal tremors are
tremors experienced before, during, or after stressful events, also known as
enhanced physiologic tremors. They are considered a pathological expression
of stress and are included in the diagnostic criteria for psychological disorders
such as panic attacks, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, and PTSD
(Berceli D. e., 2014). Despite their widespread incidence, little research has
been done on the cause, function, and purpose of these tremors.

GLOSSARY I 977
Dr. David Berceli developed Tension and Trauma Releasing Exercises™ (TRE),
an integrative neurophysiological approach that rec:ognizes the therapeutic:
value of musculoskeletal tremors in reducing stress (Berceli D. e., 2014). By
inducing a self-induced tremor to discharge physicc1l tension, TRE helps
mitigate the effects of stress. The tremor induced by TRE has not been
classified according to the 1998 consensus statement on tremors by the
Movement Disorder Society and is referred to as self-induced unclassified
therapeutic tremor (SUTT) (Berceli D. &., 2006). Tension and Trauma Releasing
Exercises™ (TRE) induce a unique type of tremor known as self-induced
unclassified therapeutic tremor (SUTT). The SUTT is similar to enhanced
physiologic tremors but has distinct activation conditions, topography,
frequency, and amplitude. It is an action tremor with both postural and
isometric activation, augmented at rest, widely distributed, and has variable
amplitude and frequency (Berceli D. e., 2014). TRE was designed for use in
high-stress areas and is taught in group settings as a self-directed somatic
modality that is easily learned and practiced. It is widely accepted that
chronic stress negatively impacts health-related qu<llity of life. South Africa
experiences high levels of stress due to factors such as interpersonal violence,
poverty, unemployment, and high HIV infection ratE~s, compounded by limited
access to mental health services (Berceli D. , 2007). 'With only nine mental
health professionals per 100,000 population, there is a need for effective,
accessible, and culturally adaptive me1·hods of stress reduction in South
Africa's diverse population.

TRE RESILIENCE TRAINING

TRE (Trauma and Tension Release Exercises™) is a body-based practice aimed

at addressing stress, anxiety, trauma, and PTSD. It does not require talking
about traumatic events and can help overcome lan9uage barriers (Atterbury,
Doctor dissertation 2019). The exercises involve stretching the muscles in the
lower body, leading to shaking, and then lying on the floor to encourage thE~
natural vibrations to move through the body. The shaking mechanism is a
natural way of reducing the charge of stress hormones and restoring the be>dy
to its natural balance (Berceli D. e., 2014; Kwok J. Y., 2016; Kwok J. e., 2017).
TRE can be helpful for people with a wide range of stress-related issues, such
as physical and emotional pain, health and financial concerns, addiction, and
trauma from accidents. People who practice TRE rei~ularly often report feeling
more relaxed, grounded, and calm. Some have also reported relief from
physical and emotional pain after several months o1f practice. The frequency of
practice can vary based on the individual's history c>f trauma and stress, but it
is recommended to continue using it as a self-help tool for good health and
resiliency.

TRE reframes the role of spontaneous involuntary movements, such as

shaking, trembling, and tremors, as an innate down--regulatory reflex of the
nervous system that helps to switch off hyper-vigilance and restore the body's
resilience after stressful or traumatic events. These movements, commonly
experienced during public speaking or after acute trauma, are currently
viewed as a symptom of disorders like anxiety, panic attacks, and PTSD
(Atterbury, Doctor dissertation 2019). However, ther,e has been no research
within the mental health sector into this universal phenomenon that occurs in
all humans and most mammals. The suppression of spontaneous shaking,

978 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

trembling and tremors due to stress or trauma among first responders and the
people they assist is viewed as a sign of weakness or a lack of control.
However, this suppression may prevent the natural recovery process and
increase the likelihood of various physical and mental health conditions such
as PTSD, anxiety, substance abuse, depression, and burnout. Immediate
investigation into this issue is considered important to better understand its
impact and potential for assisting recovery and resilience.

TRE (Trauma and Tension Releasing Exercises™) is a technique that aims to

deliberately trigger the body's natural shaking reflex as a way to release
stress, tension, and trauma. It is considered user-friendly and stigma-free as it
can be performed easily and quickly, without the need to talk about one's
experiences (Berceli D. e., 2014). The technique can be used for early
intervention after acute stress and trauma or as a routine practice for
managing the effects of sub-clinical stress and accumulative trauma. By
addressing the physical components of stress and tension, TRE can improve
both physical and mental health and performance. Unlike other forms of
exercise, TRE does not require mental focus or physical effort, making it an
attractive option for first responders who may be stressed or lacking the time
or mental focus to engage in other calming techniques such as mindfulness
and exercise.

TRE (Trauma and Tension Releasing Exercises™) is well-received by military

personnel, veterans, and first responders worldwide due to its ease of use and
stigma-free approach. Since 2005, TRE has been presented to over 31 first
responder conferences and organizations, and has been provided as
organizational training in multiple countries (Kwok J. Y., 2016). The US
Defense's Center for Excellence for Psychological Health & Traumatic Brain
Injury has identified TRE as one of the 5 most promising techniques to
regulate the nervous system and has been studied for its potential use in
treating PTSD. In 2015, research into TRE with military veterans in the Ukraine
was also published in a local journal (Atterbury, Doctor dissertation 2019).
Although research into TRE as a treatment for PTSD is important, there is a
more pressing need to investigate its use as a preventative wellbeing practice
to empower personnel in managing their own health and preventing both
physical and mental health conditions.

Over the past years, TRE has shown promise in improving the quality of life
and reducing mental health disorders in non-professional caregivers and
adolescents. While further research is needed, its ease of use and ability to
access the body's innate relaxation response make it a promising technique
for both first responders and their family members (Atterbury, Doctor
dissertation 2019).

Research on TRE suggests that it has been shown to have a positive impact on
a wide range of populations and in various settings (Berceli D. , 2007). It has
been found to help reduce anxiety levels, improve family relationships, reduce
conflicts and domestic violence, relieve psychosocial symptoms, reduce stress
and burnout, improve quality of life, reduce mental health disorders, and
promote occupational health (Cohen, 2015) (Berryman, Exercise is medicine: a
historical perspective , 2010) (Berceli D. , 2007) . Additionally, research is
ongoing and investigating the effects of TRE in various other settings and
populations. The evaluations of TRE Resilience Training in Australia have

GLOSSARY I 979
shown positive results. According to the data provided, in the case of health
and welfare staff in the NT, 19 out of 20 reported fe1~ling significantly calmer
after the training and all 20 stated they were highly likely to continue
practicing TRE. The same results were reported by survivors of the Black
Saturday Bushfires who participated in two TRE workshops (Atterbury, Doctor
dissertation 2019). The follow-up to the Victorian Government TRE was
highlighted as playing a positive role in individual and community wellbeinq. A
submission was made in 2013 to a parliamentary inquiry regarding the use of
TRE for care of wounded and injured personnel in the ADF. There was also
research conducted in 2016 by a physiotherapy student at Monash University
that investigated the use of TRE for treating Restless Leg Syndrome, a
common co-morbid condition of PTSD (Atterbury, Doctor dissertation 2019).
Although the study was small and inconclusive, it w,Js published in the Journal
of the American Board of Family Medicine and suggested that both TRE and
facilitated group discussions had a positive impact on reducing RLS
symptoms.

TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE ON SHAKING

TRE (Tension and Trauma Releasing Exercises™) appears to have roots in

traditional cultures and practices that have used similar techniques for health
and wellbeing for many years. The Kalahari Bushmem, for example, consider
themselves as "The Keepers of the Shake" and use shaking as a part of their
community gatherings. Similarly, Native Americans have used spontaneous
movements for healing, while in Indonesia Bio-energetic Shaking is used for
health and cultural practices. The techniques used in TRE are similar to those
used in traditional yoga practices, where shaking is invoked as part of the
practice. This practice is based on the belief that thee shaking discharge helps
the body release any built-up physical or emotional tension and stress,
including post-traumatic stress, to promote physical and mental wellbeing.
This highlights the historical significance of the therapeutic value of shaking
and tremors in traditional cultures and their use as IJ form of self-care and
stress release.

The techniques used in TRE are similar to those used in ancient martial arts
practices, such as Katsugen Undo and Seiki Jutsu, that trained the mind and
body of Samurai Warriors. The spontaneous movements in these practices
helped them to become lethal warriors and then to switch to a relaxed stat,~
(Berceli D. e., 2014). TRE offers a solution to this issL1e by providing a means for
First Responders to release residual tension and stn~ss through the body's
natural relaxation response of tremors and shaking. This process can help
restore their nervous system to a state of resilience,, reducing the risk of
cumulative trauma and burnout (Berceli D. &., 2006). By incorporating TRE into
training programs, First Responders can be equippeid with the skills necess<Jry
to effectively manage the stress and trauma they encounter in their work.

(Berceli D. e., 2014) have further advocated for the use of shakes and tremors
as a technique to prevent stress and trauma in first responders and
emergency service workers, drawing on examples from traditional cultures
and practices. However, they have faced resistance from the mental health
system, which only recognizes evidence-based treatments within their
professional expertise. Despite this, the author belie,ves that the government

980 I THE BEHAVIOR OPS MANUAL

and the inquiry have a crucial role to play in facilitating the investigation and
research of this approach (Berceli D. &., 2006). The author believes that
volunteers and personnel do not need peer-reviewed evidence to determine
the effectiveness of the technique, and that a pilot study would be a valuable
step towards its integration into the mental health system.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the findings of this paper reveals that therapeutic tremors can
address the biological and psychological aspects of stress linked to the
development of several diseases by utilizing the biopsychosocial model of
illness. The biopsychosocial approach has been recommended for the
management of Parkinson's disease and other illnesses as it can improve
clinical outcomes and equip individuals with better mind-body management
of stress. This paper further shows that TRE (Trauma and Tension Release
Exercises™) is a body-based practice aimed at addressing stress, anxiety,
trauma, and PTSD. The paper reveals that people who practice TRE regularly
often report feeling more relaxed, grounded, and calm, and may experience
relief from physical and emotional pain after several months of practice. It can
be helpful for people with a wide range of stress-related issues and can be
used as a self-help tool for good health and resiliency. It does not require
talking about traumatic events and can be useful for overcoming language
barriers. The frequency of practice can vary based on individual history of
trauma and stress.

DISCLOSURES

The author has had personal experience through the Department of Defense
with TRE, and the effects were exceedingly positive. The author also uses
neurogenic tremors as part of his work with clients. No business or other
associations with TRE, or Dr. Berceli exist at the time of publication.

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