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Atomic

An atom is the smallest unit of ordinary matter, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The atomic number, defined by the number of protons, determines the element, while electrons influence chemical interactions. Key concepts include isotopes, ions, and various types of chemical bonds that form complex structures.

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10 views1 page

Atomic

An atom is the smallest unit of ordinary matter, composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. The atomic number, defined by the number of protons, determines the element, while electrons influence chemical interactions. Key concepts include isotopes, ions, and various types of chemical bonds that form complex structures.

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emerybrad4
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Atoms (Physics/Chemistry)

An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that retains the properties of a
chemical element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms.

Each atom consists of three basic subatomic particles:

 Protons – positively charged, located in the nucleus.


 Neutrons – neutrally charged, also in the nucleus.
 Electrons – negatively charged, orbit the nucleus in shells or energy levels.

The number of protons (called the atomic number) defines the element. For example, carbon
has 6 protons, so its atomic number is 6. Electrons determine how atoms interact and bond with
each other, forming molecules.

Key Concepts:

 Isotopes: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.


 Ions: Atoms that have gained or lost electrons, becoming charged.
 Chemical bonds: Atoms bond via ionic, covalent, or metallic bonds to form more
complex structures.

Atoms are foundational in both chemistry (how they react and combine) and physics
(understanding matter and energy at the smallest levels).

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