Passage 1 – Philosophy of Education
Q1. What is the difference between the approaches of Socrates and
Aristotle?
Answer:
Socrates used questioning to draw out ideas from his listeners (the
Socratic method), whereas Aristotle believed teachers should lead
students systematically and use repetition to form good habits.
Q2. Why do educationists consider philosophy a ‘weak and woolly’
field?
Answer:
Because it is seen as too abstract and removed from practical, real-world
applications.
Q3. What do you understand by the term ‘Perennialism’, in the
context of the given comprehension passage?
Answer:
Perennialism is the idea that education should focus on timeless
principles and reasoning rather than changing facts, and should prioritize
teaching about people rather than techniques or machines.
Q4. What were Plato’s beliefs about education democratic?
Answer:
No, his beliefs were not fully democratic. Although he believed talent is
found in all classes, his system supported selective education for a
minority deemed most capable.
Q5. Why did Aquinas propose a model of education which did not lay
much emphasis on facts?
Answer:
Because facts can change over time, while principles and reasoning are of
lasting importance to all people.
Passage 2 – “I Have a Dream” Speech by Martin Luther King Jr.
Q1. What issues does Martin Luther King’s speech address?
Answer:
Racism, civil rights, and economic freedom for African Americans.
Q2. What pushes King to speak: “I have a dream”?
Answer:
He was inspired by Mahalia Jackson’s encouragement: “Tell them about
the dream, Martin!”
Q3. From the last paragraph, give one word for “to leave”
Answer:
Departed
Q4. What is the name of Martin Luther King’s famed speech?
Answer:
“I Have a Dream”
Q5. In front of whom does King speak?
Answer:
Over 250,000 civil rights supporters gathered at the Lincoln Memorial.
Passage 3 – Tagore’s Reflections
Q1. From the first paragraph, give a synonym for ‘deep’:
Answer:
Profound
Q2. What helped the Indians to conceive of a notion of the
Englishmen?
Answer:
Their mighty literature, including works by Burke, Macaulay,
Shakespeare, and others.
Q3. Who could read and gain from English literature?
Answer:
The educated class of those days.
Q4. From the third paragraph, give an antonym for ‘victorious’
Answer:
Vanquished
Q5. Whose speeches did Tagore listen to, as a boy?
Answer:
John Bright’s
Passage 4 – Sportsmanship
Q1. Is it necessary to strike a balance between all the four elements of
sportsmanship?
Answer:
Yes, a balance among good form, the will to win, equity, and fairness
is essential for true sportsmanship.
Q2. Why has sportsmanship taken a backseat today?
Answer:
Because modern sporting culture emphasizes competition and
winning, especially at elite levels.
Q3. If one does not accept responsibility for one’s defeat, one is called
a:
Answer:
Sore loser
Q4. From the last paragraph, give the opposite of the word ‘deep’:
Answer:
Shallow
Q5. When does the spirit of sportsmanship die?
Answer:
When athletes become too self-centred and ignore fairness and respect.
Passage 5 – Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Q1. What is the AI winter?
Answer:
A period marked by disappointment and loss of funding in AI research
after initial optimism.
Q2. Are sub-fields based only on social factors?
Answer:
No, they are also based on technical goals, tools, and philosophical
differences.
Q3. Learning and problem solving by machines is a colloquial way of
understanding artificial intelligence?
Answer:
Yes, AI is often described as machines performing learning and
problem-solving, like humans.
Q4. Are autonomous cars an example of AI?
Answer:
Yes
Q5. Does AI only draw on technology and mathematics?
Answer:
No, it also draws on psychology, linguistics, philosophy, and more.
