CHUYÊN ĐỀ 14

CẤU TẠO TỪ (WORD FORMATION)

* PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT
A. Cách thành lập DANH TỪ
Formation NOUNS
Verb + er/ or/ ant Teacher, manager, driver, actor, director, attendant, assistant...................
Verb + ion Action, invention, construction, direction, revolution, decision..................
Verb + ment/ al Development, appointment, refusal, removal, approval......................
Verb + ing Swimming, teaching, jogging, training, building.....................
Adj + ness Kindness, goodness, happiness, sadness, darkness, illness, sickness.................
Adj + ty Safety, loyalty, variety, ability, honesty, cruelty,....................
Adj + th Length, depth, width, truth, warmth, strength......................................
Adj + dom Freedom, wisdom, boredom..............................
Noun + ist/ ian Guitarish, novelist, violinist, musician, physician, historian....................
Noun + ism Patriotism, capitalism, socialism, heroism........................
Noun + ship Friendship, leadership, scholarship, comradeship............................
Noun + hood Childhood, brotherhood, neighbourhood, parenthood.....................
Super/ over/ sub/ sur + N Supermarket, superman, overexpenditure, subway, overexpenditure
Vị trí của DANH TỪ
Sau tính từ (adj + N) They are interesting books.
Sau- mạo từ: a /an / the
- từ chỉ định: this, that, these, those, every, each, … He is a student.
- từ chỉ số lượng: many, some, few, little, several ... These flowers are beautiful.
- tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your, our, their, its… She needs some water.
Sau ngoại động từ (V cần O) She buys books.
She meets a lot of people.
Sau giới từ (prep. + N) He talked about the story yesterday.
He is interested in music.
Trước V chia thì (N làm chủ từ) The main has just arrived.
Sau enough (enough + N) I don’t have enough money to buy that house.
B. Cách thành lập TÍNH TỪ
formular Adjectives
- ful Harmful, useful, successful, hopeful, helpful, peaceful, careful......
- less Childless, odourless, careless, hopeless, harmless, useless..............
- ly Manly, worldly, hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, friendly.......
- like Childlike, godlike, lifelike, ladylike, manlike..............
- ish Childish, boyish, girlish, selfish..............
- y Healthy, dirty, dusty, snowy, windy, rainy, cloudy, sunny, sandy................
- al Natural, national, industrial, agricultural, cultural, magical................
- ous Dangerous, courageous, poisonous, mountainous................
- ic Artistic, electric, alcoholic, economic............................
- able Enjoyable, reasonable, respectable......................
Un/ im/ il/ ir/in/ dis + adj Unimportant, impossible, illegal, irregular, disable ...........................
Vị trí của TÍNH TỪ
Trước N (Adj + N) This is an interesting books.
Sau TO BE I am tired.
Sau: become, get, look, feel, taste, smell, seem … It becomes hot.
 She feels sad.
Sau trạng từ (adv + adj): extremely (cực kỳ), completely It is extremely cold.
(hoàn toàn), really (thực sự), terribly, very, quite, rather, … I’m terribly sorry.
She is very beautiful.
Sau keep / make The news made me happy.
Sau too ( be + too + adj) That house is too small.
Trước enough (be + adj + enough) The house isn’t large enough.
Trong cấu trúc: be + so + adj + that She was so angry that she can’t speak.
A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, … + (Adj) + Noun My new car is blue.
Trong câu cảm thán:
- How + adj + S + V How beautiful the girl is!
- What + (a / an) + adj + N What an interesting film!
Note: Tính từ chỉ thái độ
Hình thức hiện tại phân từ (-ING): Diễn tả nhận thức của người nói về người/việc gì đó.
Ex: That film is interesting. (Bộ phim đó hay.) (Người xem nhận thấy bộ phim hay.)
Hình thức quá khứ phân từ (-ED): Diễn tả cảm giác của người nói do người/việc gì đó đem lại.
Ex: I am confused about the question. (Tôi bị bối rối về câu hỏi.) (Câu hỏi làm tôi bối rối.)
C. Cách thành lập ĐỘNG TỪ
formular Verbs
Dis + verb Dislike, disagree, discharge, disappear, disappoint...................
Mis + verb Mislead, misread, misunderstand, ..........................
Out + verb Outrun, outlive, outnumber,.............................
Over + verb Overweigh, overpay, overturn, overheat, overcharge.........................
Re + verb Rewrite, reuse, recycle, return, retell, recall,.............................
Under + verb Underdevelop, underdo, underline, undercharge, undersign.....................
En + adj Enable, enrich, enlarge, encourage, endanger...............
ADJ/ noun + en Weaken, sharpen, tighten, loosen, shorten, soften
Adj/ noun + ise/ ize Socialize, memorize, industrialize, sympathise, economise..................
C. Cách thành lập TRẠNG TỪ
Phần lớn: Adj + -ly ---> Adv
Ex: beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly, recently ...
Lưu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ:
- good (a) well (adv): giỏi, tốt
- late (a) late / lately (adv): trễ, chậm
- ill (a) ill (adv): xấu, tồi, kém
- fast (a) fast (adv): nhanh
- hard (a) hard (adv): tích cực, vất vả, chăm chỉ hardly (adv): hầu như không
Vị trí của Trạng từ
1. Adv + adj
Ex: She is very beautiful.
The weather is extremely hot.
2. Adverbs are placed at the beginning of the sentence.
Ex: Unfortunately, he failed the exam.
3. Adverbs are placed after the verb modified.
Ex: He is running fast.
4. Adv + PP
Ex: He is well educated.
The wedding day is carefully chosen by groom’s parents.
* PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
 1. My mother is a teacher of English. (TEACH)
2. Her father is a farmer. (FARM)
3. She sent her best wishes for my future happiness . (HAPPY)
4. He was punished for his laziness . (LAZY)
5. We like going in his car as he is a careful driver. (CARE)
6. AIDS is a dangerous disease. (DANGER)
7. She looks attractive in her new coat. (ATTRACT)
8. He turns out to be the best student in his class. (GOOD)
9. Nam is always busy. (BUSINESS)
10. There are four bookselves in my house. (BOOKSELF)
11. The photocopy is between the bakery and the drugstore. (BAKE)
12. Is your brother an actor ? (ACT)
13. Mai's sister is a singer. (SING)
14. We must be careful when we cross the road. (CARE)
15. This tree has a lot of green leaves. (LEAF)
16. Is your father a businessman ? (BUSINESS)
17. I’m Vietnamese. What’s your nationality. (NATION)
18. Air pollution is a big problem in many cities in the world. (POLLUTE)
19. Yoko is from Japan. She is Japanese. (JAPAN)
20. Mary likes attending the English speaking contests. (SPEAK)
21. My neighborhood is famous for good and cheap restaurants. (FAME)
22. I like the city life because there are many kinds of entertainment (ENTERTAIN)
23. Lan’s classroom is on the second floor. (TWO)
24. These children like sunny weather. (SUN)
25. Lan speaks English better than me. (WELL)
26. The Great Wall of China is the world’s longest structure. (LONG)
27. What’s Mary’s nationality ? - She’s British. (NATION)
28. We should not waste electricity and water. (ELECTRIC)
29. Let him do it himself (HE)
30. My aunt is a good teacher (TEACH)
31. Thao is my friend. She is very beautiful (BEAUTY)
32. I want to go swimming in the summer. (SWIM)
33. My sister usually gets up early in the morning. (USUAL)
34. Don’t go out at night because it is very dangerous (DANGER)
35. This exercise is very difficult I can’t do it. (DIFFICULTY)
36. He can speak English better than his brother. (GOOD)
37. How do you feel now? – I feel tired. (TIRE)
38. My uncle lives in the city. He is a driver. (DRIVE)
39. Where is Tom? – He is in the living room. (LIVE)
40. Nam is the tallest of the three boys. (TALL)
41. Vietnam has a lot of beautiful beaches. (BEAUTY)
42. Our school children sometimes go camping on the weekend. (CAMP)
43. I’m Vietnamese. What’s your nationality ? (NATION)
44. Mount Everest is very high. It is the highest mountain in the world. (HIGH)
45. Don’t make a fire here. It’s very dangerous. (DANGER)
46. We went to bed early because we had a tiring day. (TIRE)
47. There were two competitions yesterday: fire-making and rice-cooking. (COMPETE)
48. The old lamp made in China is five dollars. (MAKE)
Multiple choice
 1. He has been very interested in doing research on _______ since he was at high school.
a. biology b. biological c. biologist d. biologically
2.You are old enough to take _______ for what you have done.
a. responsible b. responsibility c. responsibly d. irresponsible
3.Many Vietnamese people ______ their lives for the revolutionary cause of the nation
a. sacrifice b. sacrificed c. sacrificial d. sacrificially
4.They had a ______ candlelit dinner last night and she accepted his proposal of marriage.
a. romance b. romantic c. romantically d. romanticize
5.She sent me a _______ letter thanking me for my invitation.
a. polite b. politely c. politeness d. impoliteness
6.As an _______, Mr. Pike is very worried about the increasing of juvenile delinquency.
a. educate b. education c. educator d. educative
7.He was the only _______ that was offered the job.
a. apply b. application c. applicant d. applying
8.Many people have objected to the use of animals in _____ experiments.
a. science b. scientist c. scientific d. scientifically
9._______ is increasing, which results from economic crisis.
a. Employment b. Unemployment c. Employ d. Unemployed
10._______! I have heard of your success in the new project.
a. Congratulate b. Congratulating c. Congratulation d. Congratulations
11.A / an _______ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct.
a. dangerous b. endanger c. endangered d. endangerment
12.Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with ____.
a. extinct b. extinction c. extinctive d. extinctly
13.They are going to _______ the pool to 1.8 meter.
a. deep b. depth c. deepen d. deeply
14.The referee had no hesitation in awarding the visiting team a _______.
a. penalty b. penalize c. penal d. penalization
15.The referee's _______ is the most important in any sport competition.
a. decide b. decisive c. decision d. decider
16.Johnny used to be one of the most _______ athletes in my country.
a. succeed b. success c. successful d. successfully
17.The success of the 22nd SEA Games had a great contribution of many ____ volunteers.
a. support b. supporter c. supportive d. supportively
18.He was so _______ that he could not even say a word.
a. nerve b. nerves c. nervous d. nervously
19.I am really _______ in the way he talks, but the way he behaves.
a. interest b. interested c. interesting d. interestingly
20.Thanks to labor-saving devices, women have more time to take part in _______ activities.
a. society b. social c. socially d. socialize
Grade 9
120 CÂU BÀI TẬP WORD FORM LUYỆN THI VÀO LỚP 10
WORD FORM 1
1. The ao dai is the _____ dress of Vietnamese women.TRADITION
2. Tet holiday is the most important _____ for Vietnamese people.CELEBRATE
3. We have to be _____ when riding our bikes on the streets.CARE
4. The old man walked _____ to the park.SLOW
5. The author’s _____ is communicated through his song. HAPPY
6. We find Huong very _____.COMMUNICATE
7. They went to see most of the __________places.INTEREST
8. The other _____ admired him. COMPLETE
WORD FORM 2
1. Sony is a big firm which is _____ in Vietnamese’s market. COMPETE
2. Doctors and _____ have reported on how we are all affected by the noise around us. SCIENCE
3. The _____ between Vietnam and China is recovered. FRIEND
4. Many _____ activities will be held tomorrow. CULTURE
5. The _____ of the moon for the earth causes the tides.ATTRACT
6. Our team played _____. We lost.SUCCESS
7. It is said that Hue is a _____ city.PEACE
8. He came first in the _____.COMPETE
WORD FORM 3
1. Good _____were the keys to the success of the 23th Sea Games.PREPARE
2. Women have to keep their _____.GENTLE
3. His _____ makes him jobless.SHY
4. Your answer is _____ right. EXACT
5. I put my book near the desk for _____.CONVENIENT
6. She has one of the biggest stamp _____ in Britain.COLLECT
WORD FORM 4
1. The gas from the chemical factory was extremely _____.HARM
2. D. E. Huges was the _____ of microphone.INVENT
3. There are a lot of _____festivals in Vietnam.TRADITION
4. They work hard in order to _____ good crops from poor soil.PRODUCT
5. I hope there won,t be too much _____ in getting a work permission.DIFFICULT
6. Many tourists have been attracted by the _____ of Ha Long Bay.BEAUTIFUL
7. They love Thanh Lam because of her _____ voice.BEAUTY
WORD FORM 5
1. His _____ made him jump out of his seat.EXCITE
2. Many _____ choose to go to this part of the seaside.SWIM
3. Money can't buy _____.HAPPY
4. Islam is one of the great world _____.RELIGIOUS
5. The weather was fine yesterday. It was _____ and sunny.CLOUD
WORD FORM 6
1. Polluted water can _____ do harm to people’s health.DIRECT
2. She broke the vase because of her _____.CARE
3. I think English is an _____ subject.IMPORTANCE
4. Trinh Cong Son is one of the most well-known _____ in Vietnam.MUSIC
5. Many people enjoy the pleasure and _____ of living downtown.COVENIENT
6. He wants to make a good _____ on everyone he meets.IMPRESS
7. There were two _____ between the two programs.DIFFER
8. There are many _____ programs at the Festival in Hue.CULTURE
WORD FORM 7
1. That _____ has composed a lot of beautiful songs.MUSIC
2. He drives so _____ that he often has accidents.CARE
3. The computer is one of the most marvelous _____ in our modern age.INVENT
4. Housework has _____ been regarded as women’s work.TRADITION
5. We started our trip on a beautiful _____ morning.SUN
WORD FORM 8
1. They are ________________ greeted by the native.WARM
2. The _________________ by the little girl was a great hit.PERFORM
3. You don’t have to do that work. In other words, it’s _________________ for you.NECESSITY
4. Air________________makes us unhealthy.POLLUTE
5. They have made careful __________________ for the demonstration.PREPARE
6. We all looked _________________ after the summer holiday.HEALTH
WORD FORM 9
1. I find that this magazine is very _________________.INFORM
2. Thanks to television, people can get the latest ________________ around the world quickly.INFORM
3. The Internet has __________________ developed and became part of our daily life.INCREASE
4. Because of his _____ driving, she caused an accident.CARE
5. In recent years, there has been many _____ in science.DEVELOP
6. The plane arrived _____ after a violent storm.SAFE
7. _____ air does a lot of harm to our life.POLLUTE
8. I had a good _____ on this film.IMPRESS
WORD FORM 10
1. Telephone is one of the greatest _________ in 19th century.INVENT
2. Van Cao is one of the most famous ________________ in Vietnam.MUSIC
3. I think the Internet is a ______________ device to get information.USE
4. The ______________ of their house left them no place to live.DESTROY
5. We all looked _______________ after the summer holidays.HEALTH
WORD FORM 12
1. We take _____ in being students of one of the most famous schools in this city.PROUD
2. What is the _____ between the ao dai nowadays and the one 100 years ago?DIFFERENT
3. The government has plans to _____ this city.MODERN
4. _____, people eat sticky rice cakes at Tet.TRADITION

Supply the correct form of words in the brackets.

Câu 1. We're planning a [speciality] ___________ celebration for her retirement.
Câu 2. The theory is [popularize] ___________ known as "survival of the fittest."
Câu 3. I set a [remind] ___________ on my phone for the doctor's appointment.
Câu 4. The [popular] ___________ of social media has grown exponentially in recent years.
Câu 5. The police asked for a detailed [describe] ___________ of the missing item.
Câu 6. Many young families struggle to [affordable] ___________ the high cost of childcare.
Câu 7. ___________, the new law will protect endangered species.
Câu 8. The [important] ___________ of regular exercise cannot be overstated.
Câu 9. The fire threatened to [destruction] ___________ several buildings in the area.
Câu 10. We discussed [vary] ___________ options for the company's expansion.
Câu 11. Many [develop] ___________ countries face challenges in providing healthcare to all citizens.
Câu 12. The new software is designed to be more [efficiency] ___________ than its predecessor.
Câu 13. Temperatures can [variety] ___________ greatly between day and night in the desert.
Câu 14. The [develop] ___________ of new technologies is crucial for economic growth.
 Câu 15. You must [choice] ___________ your college major by the end of this semester.
Câu 16. This restaurant is very [popularize] ___________ among local residents.
Câu 17. The audience watched in [amaze] ___________ as the magician performed impossible feats.
Câu 18. The company prices its products [compete] ___________ to maintain market share.
Câu 19. She works [efficiency] ___________, completing all her tasks well before the deadline.
Câu 20. Please [reminder] ___________ me to buy milk on the way home.
Câu 21. She has a very [compete] ___________ nature and always strives to be the best.
Câu 22. The company is always looking for ways to improve [efficient] ___________ in its operations.
Câu 23. Can you [recognition] ___________ this bird species from its distinctive markings?
Câu 24. It's [importance] ___________ to stay hydrated during hot weather.
Câu 25. Sudden [famous] ___________ can be difficult for some celebrities to handle.
Câu 26. Japan is considered a highly [development] ___________ nation with advanced infrastructure.
Câu 27. The zoo houses a wide [various] ___________ of animal species.
Câu 28. The clinic [special] ___________ in treating sports injuries.
Câu 29. The employee received [recognize] ___________ for her outstanding performance.
Câu 30. The intricate light show continued to [amazing] ___________ spectators throughout the evening.
Câu 31. The campaign aims to [popular] ___________ sustainable living practices.
Câu 32. The view from the mountaintop was truly [amaze] ___________.
Câu 33. The new policy has been [various] ___________ interpreted by different departments.
Câu 34. The [destroy] ___________ caused by the hurricane was widespread.
Câu 35. The new electric car is [afford] ___________ priced to compete with traditional gasoline models.
Câu 36. The grocery store is [convenience] ___________ located just around the corner from our house.
Câu 37. Can you [description] ___________ what happened at the meeting yesterday?
Câu 38. The company's logo is easily [recognize] ___________ worldwide.
Câu 39. The [convenient] ___________ of online shopping has revolutionized retail.
Câu 40. The new subway station is [conveniently] ___________ for commuters in the area.
Câu 41. The young prodigy performed [amaze] ___________ well in her first piano recital.
Câu 42. The virus [destroy] ___________ attacks the body's immune system.
Câu 43. Students will [experienced] ___________ different cultures during their exchange program.
Câu 44. Scientists are working to [development] ___________ a vaccine for the new virus.
Câu 45. The restaurant offers a wide [choose] ___________ of vegetarian dishes.
Câu 46. Her writing style is highly [describe] ___________, painting vivid pictures with words.
Câu 47. The [afford] ___________ of housing is a major concern in many urban areas.
Câu 48. The Eiffel Tower is a [fame] ___________ landmark in Paris.
Câu 49. Our team will [competition] ___________ in the national championships next month.
 Câu 20. Many people [commitment] _______ to New Year's resolutions but struggle to keep them.
Câu 21. She remained [commitment] _______ to her studies despite numerous challenges.
Câu 22. Many young adults [participation] _______ in volunteer programs during gap years.
Câu 23. His [commit] _______ to daily exercise has dramatically improved his health.
Câu 24. It's [possibility] _______ to learn a new language at any age with dedication.
Câu 25. Some people [hesitation] _______ to try new foods when travelling abroad.

Câu 16. Alexander Graham Bell [invent] __________ the telephone in 1876.
Câu 17. They will [communication] __________ the new company policies to all employees next week.
Câu 18. Archaeologists [discovery] __________ an ancient city buried beneath the desert sands.
Câu 19. The two rival companies will [collaboration] __________ on developing a new eco-friendly
technology next year.
Câu 6. Her [confident] _________ grew as she mastered new skills.
Câu 7. Can you [imagination] _________ a world without technology?
Câu 14. We [expectation] _________ the project to be completed by next month.
Câu 20. The museum will ______________ paintings by famous artists. (exhibition)

Câu 33. A ______________ campaign will help us increase sales. (compete)

Câu 34. The coach often ______________ me before the big game. (inspiration)
Câu 28. It's important to [treatment] _________ others with respect.
Câu 25. The committee will [suggestion] _________ changes to the proposal.
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