NAME OF STUDENT:

PROGRAM/YR/SECTION:
INSTRUCTOR:

MODULE 2

TOPIC: AESTHETIC ARTS AND CRAFTS

2.1 Aesthetic Arts and Crafts: Its Differences

2.2 Types of Arts and Crafts
2.3 Principles of Understanding Artistic Design and Composition
2.4 Motivated Functions of Art

TIME FRAME: 5 hrs.

INTRODUCTION

This chapter will help us understand that "Art" and "craft" are
two contrasting kinds of aesthetic, work organization, and work
ideology, differing in their emphases on the standards of utility,
virtuoso skill, and beauty. Activities organized as craft can
become art when members of established art worlds take over
their media, techniques, and organizations. Conversely, through
increased academicism or subordination of traditional art
concerns to exigencies that arise outside an art world, activities
organized as art can become craft. Figure 1 An unfinished colorful
painting

OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

 identify the types of arts and crafts;
 explain the difference between aesthetic arts and crafts;
 develop understanding on artistic composition; and
 reflect on the motivated functions of art.

PRE-TEST
Answer the following questions briefly:
1. What is the relationship between Art and Crafts?

2. Is Art a reflection of our values? Support your answer.

3. Is artistic skill learned or natural?

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4. Why is Art considered as a “distinct character and a reflection of society”?

5. What do you think are the needed materials in creating a functional work of art?

VII. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Assigned Reading/text

The Difference between Aesthetic Arts and Crafts

Aesthetics is from the Greek word eisthesis which means “perception”. It is a branch of
philosophy devoted to the study of art and beauty used during the 18 th century by Alexander
Baumgarten, a German philosopher. This term also refers to the principles governing the nature
and appreciation of beauty, especially in visual art (Rader, 1979).

On the other hand, the term “craft” comes from a German word Kraft which means “power” or
“ability”. It is usually employed in branches of the decorative arts or associated artistic practice.
It also implies the application of human skills through the use of a hand. It tends to produce
things for various human purposes, and tend to exhibit their prettiness around a goal external to
the object itself (Dutton, 1990).

Arts and crafts started during the 19th century in Europe as a design reform and as a social
movement initiated by William Morris. It involves activities related to making
things which require a combination of skill, speed, and patience.

William Morris who was born on March 24, 1834, in Walthamstow, England
was known for his pattern designs, particularly on fabrics, and wallpapers.
As a proponent of socialist ideals, Morris believed that a designer should
have the skill of any media in producing designs that intricate intertwining
fruit, flower, and foliage pattern. He died on October 3, 1896, at the age of
62 years old in London, England. Figure 2. William Morris
(1834-1896)

Types of Arts and Crafts

Artists may have unique skills and perceptive abilities, but they are also people with needs and
the motivation to meet those needs. Creating different works of art that are accepted by one‟s
audience can lead to an artist‟s social acceptance and recognition. Their works of art have been
used to create pleasing environments. Arts and crafts have different types, namely: textile,
wood, metal, paper or canvass, and plant crafts.

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Textile Crafts. The word textile is from the Latin phrase texere which means “to braid” or “to
construct”. These also refer to any craft where you work with fabric, yarn or surface design. It
uses plant or any synthetic fibers in creating practical or decorative objects. These include the
following:

1. Cross-stitch – Stitching can also be a form of natural pain relief. It is a popular form of
counted-thread embroidery in which X-shaped stitches in a tiled, raster-like pattern are used to
form a picture.

2. Crochet – It is a process of creating fabric from yarn, thread, or other material strands
using a crochet hook.

3. Sewing – It is the crafts of fastening

or attaching objects using stitches made with
needle and thread.

4. Weaving – It is a fabric production

method in which yarns are interlaced at right
angles to form a fabric or cloth.

5. Tatting – It is a technique for

handcrafting particularly in making durable lace
which is constructed by a series of knots and Figure 3 Traditional weaving defines the cultures and
behaviors of the indigenous peoples
loops.

6. Shoemaking – It is the process of making footwear.

7. Lace – It is an openwork fabric, patterned with

open holes in the work, made by machine or by hand.

8. Macrome – It is a form of textile-making which

requires very few tools and just pure knowledge of basic
knotting.

9. Millinery – It is designing and manufacture of

hats. Figure 4 Marikina is dubbed as the
"Shoemaking Capital of the Philippines"
10. String art- It is an arrangement of colored
thread strung between points to form an abstract geometric design.

Wood Crafts. These refer to a skill that pertains to the woods, especially in making one‟s way
through the woods or in hunting, trapping, etc. It also relates to subsistence lifestyles with
implications of hunting-gathering (Horace, 1906). These include the following:

1. Carpentry – It is a skilled trade in the cutting, shaping, and installation of building

materials during the construction of buildings.

2. Marquetry – It is the art and craft of applying pieces of veneer (thin slices of wood) to
a structure to form decorative designs.

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3. Woodturning – It is a form of
woodworking that is used to create wooden
objects.

4. Wood carving – It is a form of

woodworking that is used to create wooden
objects.

5. Cabinetry – It is a skill in making a

box-shaped piece of furniture with doors and
drawers for keeping various objects.

6. Upholstery – It is the work of

building cushion and cover furniture.
Figure 5 Laguna | Paete Woodcarving Capital and its Masters

Metal Crafts. These refer to the art of executing artistic designs in metal for both practical and
aesthetic purposes. These arts are designed for decorative items or functional objects that are
beneficial and useful to us all. These works are of bronze, silver, gold, tin, copper, lead, brass,
and iron. These include the following:

1. Jewelry – It is a form of personal

adornments, such as brooches, rings,
necklaces, earrings, and bracelets.

2. Metal Casting – It is a process by

which a liquid material (bronze, copper, glass,
aluminum, and iron) is poured into a mold,
which contains a hollow cavity of the desired
Figure 6 Jewelry Making in the Philippines shape, and then allowed to solidity.

3. Welded Sculpture – It is an art form

in which statue is made using welding techniques.

Paper or Canvas Crafts. It refers to an extremely durable plain-woven fabric used for making
backpacks, tents, marquees, and other sustainable items. These include the following:

1. Bookbinding – It is the process of physically assembling a book from some folded or

unfolded sheets of paper or other material.

2. Card making – It is a hand-made technique for producing greeting cards.

3. Collage – It is a technique where the artwork is made from an assemblage of different

forms, thus creating a new whole.

4. Origami – It is a Japanese cultural art of paper folding.

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5. Paper-Mache – It is a composite material consisting of
paper pieces or pulp, sometimes reinforced with textiles, bound
with an adhesive.

6. Scrapbooking – It refers to a method of arranging,

preserving, and presenting personal and family history in a book
form.

7. Rubber Stamping – It is a craft in which some type of

ink made of dye or pigment applied to an image or pattern that
carved, molded, laser engraved or vulcanized, onto a sheet of
rubber.

8. Quilling - Quilling or paper filigree is an art form that

involves the use of strips of paper that are rolled, shaped, and
glued together to create decorative designs.
Figure 7 Sunflower Quilling by Kent
Fornis an SSCT student

Plants Crafts – These refer to skills using plant parts as the medium. These include the
following:

1. Corn dolly making – It relates to the

making of shapes and figures (known as
„dollies‟) from straw (such as barley, oats, and
wheat).

2. Floral Design – It is the art of using

plant materials and flowers to create a pleasing
and balanced composition.

3. Pressed flower craft – consists of

Figure 8 Floral designs in Dangwa Flower Market
drying flower petals and leaves in a flower
press to flatten and exclude light and moisture.

Principles of Understanding Artistic Design and Composition

Art principles are created by combining art elements. Artists utilize organizing principles to
develop forms that inform. Among the fundamental principle of art are harmony, variety,
balance, movement, emphasis, proportion, rhythm, pattern, and repetition. Whether analyzing or
composing artwork, one must have a complete understanding of how art principles are created
(Elsen, 1981).

Harmony is the feeling of unity between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of
completeness.

Variety is the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer‟s attention and to guide the
viewer‟s eye through and around the work of art.

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Balance is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. If the
design was a scale, these elements should be balanced to make a design feel stable. In
symmetrical balance, the elements used on one side of the design are similar to those on the
other side; in asymmetrical balance, the
sides are different but still look balanced.
In radial balance, the elements are
arranged around a central point and may
be similar.

Movement is the path the viewer‟s eye

takes through the work of art, often to
focal areas. Such movement can be
directed along lines, edges, shape, and
color within the work of art.

Emphasis is the part of the design that Figure 9 Movement Illusion in Art as seen in The Great Wave off
catches the viewer‟s attention. Usually Kanagawa by Katsushika Hokusai
the artist will make one area stand out by
contrasting it with other areas. The area could be different in size, color, texture, shape, etc.

Proportion is the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well
with each other. When drawing the human figure, proportion can refer to the size of the head
compared to the rest of the body.

Rhythm is created when one or more elements of design are used repeatedly to create a
feeling of organized movement. Rhythm creates a mood like music or dancing. To keep rhythm
exciting and active, variety is essential.

Pattern is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.

Repetition works with pattern to make the work of art seem active. The repetition of elements of
design creates unity within the work of art.

Motivated Functions of Art

Motivated purposes of art refer to intentional, conscious actions on the part of the artists or
creator. These may be to bring about political change, to comment on an aspect of society, to
convey a specific emotion or mood, to address personal psychology, to illustrate another
discipline, to (with commercial arts) to sell a product, or simply as a form of communication.

a. Art for Acting. Art may pursue to bring about a certain emotion, to relax or to entertain the
viewer.

b. Art for healing. Art is utilized by art therapists, psychotherapists, and clinical psychologists as
art therapy. The end product is a method of curing, through creative acts.

c. Art for Political Change. One of the essential functions of the art of the early twentieth century
has been to use visual images to bring about legislative modification.

d. Art for propaganda (Commercialism). Art is utilized to influence popular ideas or moods

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delicately.

e. Art for communication. Art has a goal, directed toward another individual. For example,
graphic is a form of art for communication in which the artist expresses his/her emotions,
feelings, and moods.

Let’s do It!

Art Work. Take a picture of any work of art found in Surigao (like painting, drawing, literary
composition, sculpture, and others), you may copy from the internet. Explain what that art is all
about.

SELF-EVALUATION

Identification. Identify the following questions under column B. Write your answer on the blank
provided under column A.

Column A Column B
1. He was a German Philosopher who first used the word
“aesthetics” during the 18th century in Europe.
2. He developed Arts and Crafts as a design reform and
social movement during the 19th Century.
3. It refers to the use of visual repetition within a work of
art.
4. It is the process of making footwear.

5. It is a method of fabric production in which two distinct

sets of threads are interested at right angles to form cloth.

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6. It is a traditional Japanese art of paper folding.

7. It refers to typical memorabilia which include

photographs, printed media, and artwork.
8. A principle that relates to the equilibrium of opposing
visual forces.
9. It is a form of woodworking that is used to create
wooden objects on a machine tool known as lathe.
10. It is an art design that uses plant materials and flowers
to create a pleasing and balanced composition.

REVIEW OF CONCEPTS

Aesthetics – a branch of philosophy that is concerned with the nature of beauty and taste.

Craftsmanship. Skill at making things, or the skill with which something was made or done

Artist. An artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or
demonstrating an art.

Artisan. An artisan is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates material objects partly or
entirely by hand.

POST-TEST

Essay. Explain in your own understanding the difference between arts and crafts?

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REFERENCES

Ramos, Arnulfo B. (2018). Art Appreciation for the New General Education Curriculum. First
Edition. 65 Arellano St., Davao City: SMKC Printshoppe

https://www.manilatimes.net/2014/12/27/weekly/the-sunday-times/preserving-culture-
weaving/151517/

Images‟ Sources:
Figure 8: kaleyhoggle pinterest
Figure 9: Manila Times
Figure 10: Manila Times
Figure 11: Ferdz Decena
Figure 12: jewelquestmktg.com
Figure 13: real living

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