18. Discuss light houses with sketch.
Ans - Light House are tall tower structures built of masonry or reinforced
concrete. A marine beacon light lantern is provided on the top of the
tower. A tower is divided into number of floors. The lower floors are used
as service, stores and living rooms for the maintenance and working of
light-house. The towers are generally erected on points along the shore to
guide vessels to a nearby port. These light-houses are also constructed on
reefs, shoals or other points of danger to vessel. The towers should be
strong enough to withstand heavy wave action.
The beacon lights are fixed or flashing for easy identification by the
navigator. They are used for means of alignment or for indicating changes
of direction. Prominent objects or landmarks, natural topo- graphical
features or structures are used as beacon.
Depending upon the focul diameter of the lens, the lights are classified as
(i) first order light, and (ii) second order light, etc., and (iii) miscellaneous
smaller lights. Of late, 'order' has been replaced by candle power of the
light.
Of late, electric-powered lights are being used more extensively than the
acetylene gas-powered lights due to the lower operating cost per candle-
power unit and lower cost of the lantern.