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Eco-Book 1st Paper

The document outlines various economic concepts and terms, including Production Possibility Curve, Marginal Utility, Total Revenue, and National Income, among others. It categorizes these terms into different sections related to production, utility, costs, labor markets, capital, organizations, rent, and money supply. The document serves as a comprehensive reference for understanding key economic principles and their interrelations.

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amjadkhan273273

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

8 views332 pages

Eco-Book 1st Paper

Uploaded by

amjadkhan273273

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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A_©bxwZ KwVb bq, cÖ¯‘wZ hw` †MvQv‡bv nq...!

evsjv Bs‡iwR‡Z mswÿß

1. Drcv`b m¤¢ebv ‡iLv Production Possibility Curve/ Frontier PPC/PPF
2. mg-Drcv`b †iLv Equal Product Curve OEP
3. cÖvwšÍK KvwiMwi e`‡ji nvi Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution MRTS
4. DcKiY `vb †iLv Factor Price Curve FPC
5. cÖvwšÍK iƒcvšÍi nvi Marginal Rate of product Transformation MRPT
6. my‡hvM e¨q Opportunity Cost OC

evsjv Bs‡iwR‡Z mswÿß

1. ‡gvU Dc‡hvM Total Utility TU
2. Mo Dc‡hvM Average Utility AU
3. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Marginal Utility MU
4. `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv Price Elasticity EP
5. Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv Income Elasticity Ey
6. AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv Cross Elasticity Ec
7. †hvMvb w¯wZ¯vcKZv Supply Elasticity Es
8. fvimvg¨ Equilibrium E

evsjv Bs‡iwR‡Z mswÿß

1. ‡gvU Drcv`b Total production TP
2. Mo Drcv`b Average Production AP
3. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b Marginal Production MP
4. †gvU e¨q Total Cost TC
5. Mo e¨q Average Cost AC
6. cÖvwšÍK e¨q Marginal Cost MC
7. †gvU Avq Total Revenue TR
8. Mo Avq Average Revenue AR
9. cÖvwšÍK Avq Marginal Revenue MR
10. †gvU w¯i e¨q Total Fixed Cost TFC
11. ‡gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q Total Variable Cost TVC
12. Mo w¯i e¨q Average Fixed Cost AFC
13. Mo cwieZ©bxq e¨q Average Variable Cost AVC
14. ¯^íKvjxb Mo e¨q Short Run Average Cost SAC
15. `xN©Kvjxb Mo e¨q Long Run Average Cost LAC
16. `xN©Kvjxb cÖvwšÍK e¨q Long Run marginal Cost LMC
17. ¯^íKvjxb cÖvwšÍK e¨q Short Run Marginal Cost SMC

1
A_©bxwZ KwVb bq, cÖ¯‘wZ hw` †MvQv‡bv nq...!

evsjv Bs‡iwR‡Z mswÿß

1. `vg MÖnxZv Price Taker PT
2. `vg cÖ‡YZv Price Maker PM
3. msiÿY `vg Reserve Price RP
4. †gvU Avq Total Revenue TR
5. Mo Avq Average Revenue AR
6. cÖvwšÍK Avq Marginal Revenue MR
7. †gvU e¨q Total Cost TC
8. Mo e¨q Average Cost AC
9. cÖvwšÍK e¨q Marginal Cost MC

evsjv Bs‡iwR‡Z mswÿß

1. kÖg evRvi Labour Market LM
2. kÖ‡gi `ÿZv Efficiency of Labour EL
3. Drcv`‡bi cwigvY Quantity of Production Q
4. Kv‡Ri mgq Work Time WT
5. gRywi nvi Wage Rate WR
6. kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v Demand of Labour DL
7. kÖ‡gi †hvMvb Supply of Labour SL

evsjv Bs‡iwR‡Z mswÿß

1. g~jab Capital K
2. ¯vqx g~jab Fixed Capital FC
3. PjwZ g~jab Working Capital WC
4. wbg¾gvb g~jab Sunk Capital SC
5. fvmgvb g~jab Floating Capital FC

evsjv Bs‡iwR‡Z mswÿß

1. msMVb Organization O
2. †emiKvwi msMVb Non-Government Organization NGO
3. †mvmvBwU di †mvm¨vj mvwf©m Society for Social Service SSS

evsjv Bs‡iwR‡Z mswÿß

1. LvRbv Rent R
2. A_©‣bwZK LvRbv Economic Rent ER
3. †gvU LvRbv Gross Rent GR
4. wbU LvRbv Net Rent NR
5. AbycvwR©Z Avq Unearned Income UI

2
A_©bxwZ KwVb bq, cÖ¯‘wZ hw` †MvQv‡bv nq...!

evsjv Bs‡iwR‡Z mswÿß

1. RvZxq Avq National Income NI
2. †gvU RvZxq Avq Gross National Income GNI
3. mvgwMÖK Avq Aggregate Income AI
4. mvgwMÖK e¨q Aggregate Expenditure AE
5. †gvU †`kR Drcv`b Gross Domestic Product GDP
6. wbU †`kR Drcv`b Net Domestic Product NDP
7. †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b Gross National Product NNP
8. wbU RvZxq Drcv`b Net National Product NNP
9. mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v Aggregate Demand AD
10. mvgwMÖK †hvMvb Aggregate Supply AS
11. AePq RwbZ e¨q Depreciation Cost DC
12. g~ja‡bi µqÿwZ RwbZ e¨q Capital Consumption Allowance CCA
13. cÖvwšÍK †fvM cÖeYZv Marginal Propensity to Consume MPC
14. cÖvwšÍK mÂq cÖeYZv Marginal propensity to save MPS

evsjv Bs‡iwR‡Z mswÿß

1. A‡_©i †hvMvb Supply of Money MS
2. A‡_©i Pvwn`v Demand of Money Dm
3. Pvwn`v AvgvbZ Demand Deposit DD
4. †gqvw` AvgvbZ Time Deposit TD
5. A‡_©i g~j¨ Value of Money Vm

3
A_©bxwZ KwVb bq, cÖ¯‘wZ hw` †MvQv‡bv nq...!

m„Rbkxj As‡ki mv‡Rkb

`y®úÖvc¨Zv; Amxg 1. gvbeRxe‡bi †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
Afve; 2. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv m~wPi mvnv‡h¨ Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvwU A¼b K‡iv|
wbe©vPb 3. my‡hvM e¨‡qi aviYv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
mgm¨v; 4. A_©bxwZ‡Z m¤ú‡ì `y®úÖvc¨Zv ev ¯^íZv Ges Afv‡ei cQ›` I wbe©vP‡bi mgm¨v¸‡jv we‡kølY K‡iv|
5. AÑAR©b‡hvM¨ I A`ÿ AÂ‡j Drcv`b m¤¢e wKbv? Drcv`b m¤¢vebvi †iLvi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY K‡iv|
A_©‣bwZK eë¯v 1. abZvwš¿K, mgvRZvwš¿K I wgkÖ A_©eë¯vi aviYv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
abZvwš¿K 1. abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vi •ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
A_©eë¯v 2. abZvwš¿K I wgkÖ A_©eë¯vi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ we‡kølY K‡iv|
3. abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vi A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi `vg eë¯vi f~wgKv g~j¨vqb K‡iv|
wb‡`©kg~jK 1. mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vi aviYv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
A_©eë¯v 2. mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vi •ewkó¨mg~n Ab¨vb¨ A_©eë¯v †_‡K ¯^Zš¿ we‡kølY K‡iv|
3. mgvRZvwš¿K I abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vi Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY K‡iv|
4. mgvRZvwš¿K I wgkÖ A_©eë¯vi Zzjbvg~~jK we‡kølY K‡iv|
wgkÖ A_©eë¯v 1. wgkÖ A_©eë¯vi •ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
2. †`‡ki RbM‡Yi Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ wgkÖ A_©‣bwZK eë¯vB DËgÑ we‡kølY K‡iv|
3. evsjv‡`‡ki A_©eë¯vi mv‡_ wgkÖ A_©eë¯vi wgj i‡q‡QÑ we‡kølY K‡iv|
4. abZvwš¿K †_‡K wgkÖ A_©eë¯vi cwieZ©‡bi Dcvq we‡kølY K‡iv|
Bmjvwg A_©eë¯v 1. Bmjvwg A_©eë¯vi •ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
2. Bmjvwg I wgkÖ A_©eë¯vi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ we‡kølY K‡iv|

gvbeRxe‡b A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v

gvby‡li Pvwn`v ev Afve‡eva mxgvnxb|Z‡e gvby‡li Ae¯vb Abyhvqx Zvi Afv‡ei iƒc wfbœ n‡q _v‡K| †hgb-KviI Afve _vK‡Z cv‡i `yB †ejv
Lvevi msMÖ‡ni ev †QvU GKwU N‡ii A_ev GKwU bZzb †cvkv‡Ki| Avevi KviI Afve n‡Z cv‡i GKwU Kw¤úDUvi ev wUwf A_ev GKwU
†gvUiMvwoi A_ev GKwU Mvwo A_ev GKwU AvB‡dvb|

 A_©bxwZi RbK A¨vWvg w¯§‡_i g‡Z, ÔRvZxq m¤ú‡ì cÖK…wZ I KviY AbymÜvb cÖwµqvB n‡jv A_©bxwZ|Õ
 iwe‡Ýi g‡Z, ÔAmxg Afve I mxwgZ m¤ú‡ì weKí eënv‡ii g‡a¨ mgš^q mvabKvix gvby‡li AvPiY we‡kølY‡K A_©bxwZ e‡j|Õ

4
A_©bxwZ KwVb bq, cÖ¯‘wZ hw` †MvQv‡bv nq...!
 gvbeRxe‡b A_©bxwZi cÖv_wgK mgm¨vmg~n:
GB Aa¨v‡qi wfwWI K¬vm
†c‡Z Avgv‡K e¨envi Ki|

Amxg Afve I mxwgZ m¤ú` †_‡KB Ô`y®úÖvc¨ZvÕ I Ôwbev©PbÕ `ywU aviYvi D™¢e N‡U, hv g~jZ A_©‣bwZK hgR mgm¨v wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq|
 `y®úÖvc¨Zv
 ¯^íZv ev `y®úªvc¨Zv ej‡Z g~jZ cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq m¤ú‡ì AcÖZzjZv‡K †evSvq|
 A_©bxwZwe` wjI‡bj iweÝ g‡Z,ÔA_©bxwZ n‡jv Ggb GKwU weÁvb hv mxgvnxb Afve Ges weKí eënvi‡hvM¨ `y®úÖvc¨ m¤ú‡ì g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab
msµvšÍ gvbexq AvPiY we‡kølY K‡i|Õ
wbe©vPb I Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv
 AmsL¨ Afv‡ei g‡a¨ ¸iæZ¡ Abymv‡i wKQz Afv‡ei evQvB‡K Afv‡ei wbev©Pb ejv nq|

Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv

 Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv n‡jv Ggb GKwU †iLv, hvi wewfbœ we›`y‡Z wbw`©ó cwigvY m¤ú` I PjwZ cÖhyw³ mv‡c‡ÿ `ywU Drcbœ `ª‡e¨i m¤¢ve¨ wewfbœ
mswgkÖY wb‡`©k Kiv nq| Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv‡K Drcv`b mxgvšÍ ejv nq|
 Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b:
Drcv`b m¤¢vebv m~wP:
m¤¢vebv we›`y ‡fvM¨ `ªe¨ (jÿ Ub) g~jabx `ªe¨
A 0 15
B 1 14
C 2 12
D 3 9
E 4 5
F 5 0

 Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi Zvrch©

5
A_©bxwZ KwVb bq, cÖ¯‘wZ hw` †MvQv‡bv nq...!
 DcKiY e›U‡bi `ÿZv e¨vL¨v:

 wbev©Pb msµvšÍ e¨vL¨v:  ¯^íZv e¨vL¨v:

 †g․wjK mgm¨vi e¨vL¨v: K. Kx Drcv`b Kiv n‡e? L. Kxfv‡e Drcv`b Kiv n‡e? M. Kvi Rb¨ Drcv`b Kiv n‡e?
 my‡hvM e¨q e¨vL¨v:  A_©‣bwZK cÖe„w× e¨vL¨v:

 my‡hvM e¨qt GKwU `ª‡eï AwZwi³ Drcv`b cvIqvi Rb¨ Aci `ª‡eï Drcv`b hZUzKz †Q‡o w`‡Z nq, ‡mB †Q‡o †Ìqv Drcv`‡bi cwigvY n‡jv
my‡hvM e¨q|

 µgea©gvb my‡hvM e¨q µgn«vmgvb my‡hvM e¨q  w¯’i my‡hvM e¨q

 ‡g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v: Drcv`b,†fvM,e›U‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ gvbexq Kg©cÖ‡Póvq cÖ‡qvM ‡_‡K †hme mgm¨vi m„wó nq Zv‡K A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v e‡j|
‡bv‡ej weRqx gvwK©b A_©bxwZwe` cj G. m¨vgy‡qjmb-Gi g‡Z, cÖ‡Z¨K mgv‡Ri †g․wjK ev †K›`ªxq wZbwU mgm¨v n‡jv-

6
A_©bxwZ KwVb bq, cÖ¯‘wZ hw` †MvQv‡bv nq...!
Kx Drcv`b Kiv n‡e?  Kxfv‡e Drcv`b Kiv n‡e?  Kvi Rb¨ Drcv`b Kiv n‡e?
G wZbwU cÖavb mgm¨vi mv‡_ AviI 3wU mgm¨v RwoZ| Zv n‡jv-

 Kx Drcv`b Kiv n‡e?  Kxfv‡e Drcv`b Kiv n‡e?  Kvi Rb¨ Drcv`b Kiv n‡e?

 Drcv`b I e›Ub Kv‡h©i `ÿZvi mgm¨v

 A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡b wewfbœ Kg©chv©q

 Drcv`b: Drcv`b ej‡Z Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv‡K †evSvq| gvby‡li A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Kg©chv©‡qi g‡a¨ me©cÖ_g I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡jv
Drcv`b|
 wewbgq: A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Kg©ch©v‡qi wØZxq ¯Íi n‡”Q wewbgq|
 e›Ub: Drcv`‡bi DcKiY n‡jv f‚wg, kÖg, g~jab I msMVb| Drcv`‡b DcKiY wb‡qvM eve` DcKiY gvwjK‡ì g‡a¨ LvRbv, gRywi, my` I
gybvdv e›Ub Kiv nq|
 †fvM: mgv‡Ri mKj gvby‡li A_©‣bwZK Kg©KvÛ GKgvÎ †fv‡Mi D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiPvwjZ nq| ZvB †fvMB n‡jv gvby‡li mKj Kg©cÖ‡Póvi g~j
‡K›`ªwe›`y|
 A_©‣bwZK eë¯’v : †h me cÖvwZôvwbK KvVv‡gvi gva¨‡g A_©‣bwZK Kvh©ewj cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K A_©‣bwZK eë¯v e‡j|

7
A_©bxwZ KwVb bq, cÖ¯‘wZ hw` †MvQv‡bv nq...!

 abZvwš¿K/cyuwRev`x A_©eë¯v: ‡h A_©eë¯vq Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vbmg~n e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbvq cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯v e‡j|
 abZvwš¿K A_©bxwZi •ewkó¨ mg~n:
 D‡`¨v‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv  †fv³vi ¯^vaxbZv  mev©waK gybvdv AR©b  Aeva cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
 ¯^qswµq `vgeë¯v  e¨w³MZ m¤ú`  †fv³vi mve©‡f․gZ¡  e„n`vqZb Drcv`b
 m¤ú‡ì Amg e›Ub  m¤ú‡ì myôz eënvi  kÖwgK †kvlY  †kÖwY Ø‡Üi m„wó
 wb‡`©kg~jK ev mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯v : †h A_© eë¯vq Drcv`‡bi Dcv`bmg~n miKvwi gvwjKvbvq cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K wb‡`©kKg~jK A_©eë¯v
ejv nq|
 wb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯’vi •ewkó¨ mg~n:
 miKvwi gvwjKvbv  †kÖwY †kvlY Abycw¯Z  cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Abycw¯wZ  †K›`ªxq A_©‣bwZK cwiKíbv
 Avq I m¤ú‡ì mylg e›Ub  cvwikÖwgK e›Ub  ¯^Z:ùzZ© Drcv`b c×wZ  mev©waK mvgvwRK Kj¨vY
 †K›`ªxq cwiKíbv  mvgvwRK wbivcËv  †kvlYgy³ mgvR  mylg Dbœqb
 gy`ªvùxwZ  Kg©ms¯v‡bi wbðqZv  †fv³vi Pvwn`vi Ici wbqš¿Y  mvgvwRK j‡ÿï mgvavb
 wgkÖ A_©eë¯’v : †h A_©eë¯v abZš¿ I mgvRZ‡š¿i `~e©jZv cwiZ¨vM K‡i Ges G‡ì ¸Y¸‡jv MªnY K‡i M‡o I‡V, Zv‡K wgkÖ A_©‣bwZK eë¯v
e‡j|
 wgkÖ A_©eë¯’vi •ewkó¨ mg~n:
 e¨w³ gvwjKvbv  miKvwi wewb‡qvM  †emiKvwi wewb‡qvM  ¯^qswµq `vgeë¯v
 gybvdvi Dcw¯wZ  A_©‣bwZK cwiKíbv  A_©‣bwZK ¯^vaxbZv  kÖwgK‡ì ¯^v_© msiÿY
 gy`ªvùxwZi Dcw¯wZ  gRywi nvi wba©viY  mvgvwRK wbivcËv  miKvwi I †emiKvwi mnve¯vb
 Bmjvwg A_©eë¯v: A_©‣bwZK †h kvLv gvby‡li A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vewj Bmjv‡gi Av‡jv‡K KziAvb I mybvœ ni gva¨‡g Av‡jvPbv K‡i Zv‡K
Bmjvwg A_©bxwZ e‡j|

 Bmjvwg A_©e¨e¯’vi •ewkó¨mg~n:

 Bmjvwg Av`‡k©i ev¯Íevqb  nvjvj m¤ú` AR©b  m¤ú‡ì mxwgZ e¨w³gvwjKvbv  m¤ú‡ì e›Ub
 Kvc©Y¨ I cyÄxfzZ iwnZKiY  Ace¨‡qi wb›`v  my`, Nyl I gRy``vwi wbwl×  hvKvZ, wdZiv I Iki eë¯v
 kÖgbxwZi cÖ‡qvM  mKj cÖKvi †kvlY wbwl×  mvgvwRK wbivcËv  my` cÖ_v wbwl×KiY
 K‡R© nvmbvi cÖeZ©b  mgvR Kj¨vY  me bvMwi‡Ki msiÿY  Bmjvwg e¨vsK cÖwZôv
 evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK eë¯’v:
 miKvwi wewb‡qvM  ‡emiKvwi wewb‡qvM  A_©‣bwZK cwiKíbv  m¤ú‡ì e¨w³gvwjKvbv
 `vg cÖwµqv  gybvdvi Dcw¯wZ  gRywi  kÖwg‡Ki ¯^v_© msiÿY
 ‡µZv-we‡µZvi ¯^vaxbZv  miKvwi wbqš¿Y  g~jab MVb  mvgvwRK wbivcËv

8
A_©bxwZ KwVb bq, cÖ¯‘wZ hw` †MvQv‡bv nq...!
 e¨wóK A_©bxwZ: e¨wóK A_©bxwZi Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã n‡jv (Micro Economics)| Micro kãwU G‡m‡Q wMÖK kã Mikros †_‡K| Gi evsjv
A_© e¨vwóK A_©vr AwZ ÿz`ª (very small)| †h †Kvb A_©‣bwZK e¨e¯v AmsL¨ GK‡Ki mgwó| cÖwZwU GK‡Ki AvPiY I Kvh©Kjvc hLb c„_K
c„_Kfv‡e we‡kølY Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K e¨wóK A_©bxwZ ejv nq|

 mvgwóK A_©bxwZ: mvgwóK A_©bxwZi Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã Macro Economics| Macro kãwU G‡m‡Q wMÖK kã Makros †_‡K| Gi evsjv A_©
mvgwóK A_©vr e„nr ev mvgwMÖK (Large or whole)| A_©bxwZi aviYv ev NUbv‡K mvgwMÖK ev c~Y©v½fv‡e Z_v RvZxq chv©‡q we‡kølY Kiv‡K
mvgwóK A_©bxwZ e‡j|

 e¨wóK I mvgwóK A_©bxwZi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨/Zzjbv:

e¨wóK A_©bxwZ mvgwóK A_©bxwZ
Bs‡iwR Micro kãwU wMÖK kã Mikros †_‡K D™¢e n‡q‡Q| Micro Bs‡iwR Macro kãwU wMÖK kã Makros †_‡K D™¢e n‡q‡Q|
k‡ãi A_© ÿz`ª| Macro k‡ãi A_© e„nr|
A_©bxwZi †h kvLvq A_©eë¯vi ÿz`ª ÿz`ª GKK †hgb-GKRb †fvMKvix, A_©bxwZi †h kvLvq A_©eë¯vi mvgwMÖK w`K Z_v-‡gvU †fvM
GKwU Drcv`b cÖwZôvb, GKwU wkí BZ¨vwì AvPiY we‡kølY Kiv nq, e¨q, †gvU wewb‡qvM e¨q, RvZxq Avq BZ¨vw` Av‡jvPbv e¨vcK I
Zv‡K e¨wóK A_©bxwZ e‡j| we¯Í…Z|
e¨wóK A_©bxwZi cwiwa I AvIZv †QvU ev ÿz`ª| mvgwóK A_©bxwZi cwiwa I AvIZv e¨vcK I we¯Í…Z|
e¨wóK A_©bxwZ GKK e¨w³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vewj we‡kølY mvgwóK A_©bxwZ GKK e¨w³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi Av‡jvPbv bv K‡i
K‡i| A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vewj mvgwMÖK fv‡e we‡kølY K‡i|
e¨wóK A_©bxwZi welq n‡jv GKRb †fv³vi ev GKK dv‡g©i AvPiY, mvgwóK A_©bxwZi welq n‡jv GKwU †`‡ki †gvU Drcv`b,
Pvwn`v, †fvM, Avq, e¨q, mÂq BZ¨vw`| RvZxq Avq, †gvU Pvwn`v, †gvU †hvMvb, RvZxq mÂq, RvZxq
wewb‡qvM, BZ¨vw`
e¨wóK A_©bxwZ‡Z A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vmg~n c„_K c„_Kfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq mvgwóK A_©bxwZ‡Z A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vmg~n mvgwMÖKfv‡e
weavq G‡ì g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv †hvMm~Î _v‡K bv| Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq e‡j G‡ì g‡a¨ †hvMm~Î _v‡K|
e¨wóK A_©bxwZ‡Z A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v we‡køl‡Yi LÐ ev AvswkK wPÎ cvIqv mvgwóK A_©bxwZ‡Z A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v we‡køl‡Yi mvgwMÖK ev
hvq| c~Y©v½ wPÎ cvIqv hvq|
e¨wóK A_©bxwZ‡Z GKwU †`‡k c~Y© wb‡qvM Ae¯v weivRgvb e‡j a‡i †bqv mvgwóK A_©bxwZ‡Z KL‡bvB †`‡k c~Y© wb‡qvM eë¯v we`¨gvb
nq| hv Aev¯Íe aviYv| a‡i †bIqv hvq bv|
e¨wóK A_©bxwZ‡Z AvswkK fvimvg¨ we‡kølY K‡i| mvgwóK A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK fvimv‡gï Ae¯v Zz‡j a‡i|
e¨wóK A_©bxwZ‡Z GKK LvZ we‡køl‡Y ¸iæZ¡ †Ìqv nq| mvgwóK A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK A_©‣bwZK we‡køl‡Y ¸iæZ¡ †Ìqv
nq|
‡Kv‡bv †`‡ki cÖK…Z A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v e¨wóK A_©bxwZi Av‡jv‡K wbY©q Kiv ‡Kv‡bv †`‡ki cÖK…Z A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v mvgwóK A_©bxwZi
hvq bv| Av‡jv‡K wbY©q Kiv hvq|
K¬¨vwmK¨vj I wbIK¬¨vwmK¨vj AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe`MY mvgwóK A_©bxwZi mg_©K|
A_©bxwZwe`MY e¨wóK A_©bxwZi mg_©K|

9
A_©bxwZ KwVb bq, cÖ¯‘wZ hw` †MvQv‡bv nq...!
QK AvKv‡i mnR mgvavb

Ávbg~jK cÖkœ I DËi cÖkœ: `y®úÖvc¨Zv I wbev©Pb ej‡Z wK †evSvq?

cÖkœ: `y®úÖvc¨Zv Kv‡K e‡j? DËi: mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ m¤ú‡ì NvUwZ I AcÖZzj¨Zv Zv‡KB ejv nq
DËi: m¤ú‡ì AcÖZzjZv‡K `y®úÖvc¨Zv e‡j| `y®úÖvc¨Zv| Avi GKvwaK Afv‡ei ga¨ †_‡K AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Afve evQvB
cÖkœ: e¨wóK A_©bxwZ wK? KivB wbev©Pb|
DËi: A_©bxwZi cÖwZwU GK‡Ki AvPiY I Kvh©Kjvc hLb c„_Kfv‡e cÖkœ: mvgwóK A_©bxwZ Kv‡K e‡j?
we‡kølY Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K e¨wóK A_©bxwZ e‡j| DËi: A_©‣bwZK welq¸‡jv‡K LÐ LÛfv‡e e¨vL¨v bv K‡i mvgwMÖKfv‡e
cÖkœ: wb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯’v Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki‡j Zv‡K mvgwóK A_©bxwZ e‡j|
DËi: wb‡`©kg~jK A_© eë¯v Ggb GK Av_©mvgvwRK I ivR‣bwZK eë¯v cÖkœ: mvgwóK A_©bxwZ Kx?
†hLv‡b †`‡ki AwaKvsk m¤ú` I Drcv`‡bi Ici e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbvi DËi: e„nr cwi‡e‡k A_©‣bwZK Kvh©µg wb‡q †h kv¯¿ Av‡jvPbv K‡i Zv‡K
cwie‡Z© ivóªxq gvwjKvbv I wbqš¿Y eRvq _v‡K| mvgwóK A_©bxwZ e‡j|
cÖkœ: A_©bxwZ‡Z `y®úÖvc¨Zv ej‡Z wK †evSvq? cÖkœ: my‡hvM e¨q Kx?
DËi: A_©bxwZ‡Z `y®úÖvc¨Zv ej‡Z m¤ú‡ì AcÖZzjZv‡K †evSvq| DËi:GKwU `ª‡eï AwZwi³ Drcv`b cvIqvi Rb¨ Aci `ª‡eï Drcv`b hZUzKz
cÖkœ: Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Kx? †Q‡o w`‡Z nq, ‡mB †Q‡o †Ìqvi cwigvYB n‡jv my‡hvM e¨q|
DËi: Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Ggb GKwU †iLv ev mÂvic_ hvi wewfbœ cÖkœ: A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Kg©chv©q KqwU?
we›`y‡Z wbw`©ó cwigvY m¤ú` I PjwZ cÖhyw³ mv‡c‡ÿ `ywU Drcbœ `ª‡eï DËi: A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Kg©chv©q wZbwU|
m¤¢ve¨ mswgkÖY wb‡`©k K‡i| cÖkœ: BD‡iv‡c †Kvb A_©eë¯’vi m~ÎcvZ N‡U?
cÖkœ: wbev©Pb ej‡Z wK †evSvq? DËi: BD‡iv‡c abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vi m~ÎcvZ N‡U|
DËi: A‡bK Afv‡ei ga¨ †_‡K ¸iæZ¡ Abymv‡i wKQz Afv‡ei evQvB‡K cÖkœ: †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v †Kb m„wó nq?
Afv‡ei wbev©Pb e‡j| DËi: Afve †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ m¤ú` mxwgZ e‡j gvbeRxe‡b †g․wjK
cÖkœ: †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v Kx? A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v m„wó nq|
DËi: mxwgZ m¤ú` I Amxg Afve G `yB Gi g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab Ki‡Z wM‡q cÖkœ: m¤ú` Kx?
†hme mgm¨vi m„wó nq Zv‡ì‡K †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v e‡j| DËi:m¤ú` ej‡Z Afve c~i‡Yi `ªe¨ mvgMÖx Ges Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ
cÖkœ: A_©eë¯’v Kx? Dcv`vb‡K ‡evSvq|
DËi: cÖ‡Z¨K †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Kvhv©ewj †h †`‡ki cÖwZôvbMZ I cÖkœ: A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v Kx?
AvBbMZ KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ cwiPvwjZ nq| G cÖvwZôvwbK I AvBbMZ DËi: weKí eënvi‡hvM¨ mxwgZ m¤ú` w`‡q gvbyl Kxfv‡e Amxg Afve
KvVv‡gv‡K A_©eë¯v e‡j| †gUv‡bvi cÖqvm Pvjvq| ZvB A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v|
cÖkœ: Bmjvwg A_©eë¯’v Kx? cÖkœ: abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯’v Kx?
DËi: cweÎ KziAvb I mybvœ ni Av‡jv‡K cwiPvwjZ A_©eë¯vB n‡jv DËi: abZš¿ Ggb GKwU A_© eë¯v †hLv‡b †emiKvwi gvwjKvbvq gvby‡li •Zix
Bmjvwg A_©eë¯v| g~jab I cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë g~jab †emiKvwi gybvdv Avni‡Yi Rb¨ eëüZ nq|

10
cÖkœ: †Kvb A_©eë¯’vq cyuwRcwZi m„wó nq? cÖkœ 4| `vg cÖwµqv ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
DËi: abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq cyuwRcwZi m„wó nq| DËi : `vg cÖwµqv GKwU ¯^qswµq eë¯v| G ¯^qswµq `vg cÖwµqv
cÖkœ: abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯’vq †Kb cyuwRcwZi m„wó nq? Drcv`b, wewbgq, eÈb I ‡fv‡Mi ‡¶‡Î gyL¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| A¨vWvg
DËi: e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv _vKvq abZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ cywuRcwZi m„wó nq| w¯§_-Gi g‡Z, ÒabZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ‡Z ‡h A`„k¨ kw³ wewfbœ e¨w³i
cÖkœ: `vg cÖwµqv Kx? Kg©cÖ‡Póv‡K cÖfvweZ I wbqwš¿Z K‡i Zv n‡jv `vg cÖwµqv|Ó Aa¨vcK
DËi: abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq †h A`„k¨ kw³ wewfbœ e¨w³i Kg© cÖ‡Póv‡K ‡ebnv‡gi g‡Z, Ò`vg cÖwµqv Drcv`bKvixi 'gybvdv AR©‡bi B”Qv I
cÖfvweZ I wbqš¿Y K‡i Zv‡K `vg cÖwµqv e‡j| ‡fvMKvixi me©v‡c¶v AwaKmsL¨K Afve c~iY Kivi B”Qvi g‡a¨ mgš^q
cÖkœ: ¯^qswµq `vg eë¯’v Kx? mvab K‡i|" `vg eë¯v cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRv‡i Pvwn`v I ‡hvMvb Øviv
DËi: evRv‡i Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi NvZ-cÖwZNv‡Z `vg wba©vwiZ nIqv‡K wba©vwiZ nq|
¯^qswµq `vg eë¯v e‡j| cÖkœ 5| Afve c~iY Ki‡Z ‡Kb wbe©vPb msµvšÍ mgm¨vq co‡Z nq?
cÖkœ: wgkÖ A_©eë¯’v Kv‡K e‡j? DËi : ‡fv³vi ch©vß Avw_©K mvg‡_¨©i Afv‡e Zvi A‡bK Afv‡ei g‡a¨
DËi: †h A_©eë¯vq miKvwi wbqš¿Y I D‡`¨vM Ges †emiKvwi ¯^vaxbZv I ‡ewk cÖ‡qvRbxq Afve¸‡jv Av‡M c~iY Kiv‡K ejv nq Afv‡ei
D‡`¨vM cvkvcvwk weivR K‡i Zv‡K wgkÖ A_©eë¯v e‡j| wbe©vPb| ‡fv³vi mxwgZ A_© ev m¤ú‡ì Kvi‡Y Zv‡K wba©viY Ki‡Z nq,
cÖkœ: Bmjvwg A_©eë¯’vq †KvbwUi Ici ¸iæZ¡ †Ìqv nq? A‡bK Afv‡ei g‡a¨ ‡Kvb Afve¸‡jv Av‡M Ges ‡Kvb¸‡jv cieZ©x mg‡q
DËi: Bmjvwg A_©eë¯vq •ewk¦K DbœwZi mv‡_ •bwZK DbœwZ Ici ¸iæZ¡ c~iY Kiv n‡e| ¸iæZ¡ Abyhvqx Afv‡ei evQvB ev AMÖvwaKvi wbY©q e¨w³
†Ìqv nq| I mgvR‡f‡` wfbœZi n‡Z cv‡i| m¤ú‡ì `y®úÖvc¨Zv ‡_‡K Afv‡ei
cÖkœ: Bmjvwg A_©eë¯’vq †Kvb †Kvb wel‡q †Kv‡bv we‡iva •elg¨ †bB? wbe©vPb mgm¨vwU D™¢~Z nq| ¯^í m¤ú‡ì m‡e©vËg eënv‡ii Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ
DËi: Bmjvwg A_©eë¯vq mgv‡Ri e¨w³ I mgwói AwaKvi `vwqZ¡ I Afve c~i‡Yi ‡¶‡Î ‡mB m¤ú‡ì weKí eënvi Ki‡Z nq|
KZ©‡e¨ †Kv‡bv we‡iva ev ‣elg¨ †bB| cÖkœ 6|Òm¤ú‡ì ¯^íZv ‡_‡KB wbe©vPb mgm¨vi D™¢e nq|Ó
cÖkœ: Bmjvwg A_©eë¯’vi g~j K_v Kx? DËi : gvby‡li Afve Amxg| Avi G Amxg Afve c~i‡Yi Dcv`vb ev
DËi:Bmjvwg A_©eë¯vi g~j K_v n‡jv AvjøvnZvqvjvi gvwjKvbvi m¤ú` mxwgZ| m¤ú‡ì G ¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y gvbyl Zvi Afv‡ei ‡fZi ‡_‡K
†cÖwÿ‡Z Avjøvni wb‡`©wkZ c‡_ gvbyl Drcv`b, wewbgq, e›Ub †fvM cÖf…wZ ¸iæZ¡ Abymv‡i ‡Kvb AfvewU Av‡M c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wbe©vPb Ki‡Z
A_©‣bwZK Kvhv©ewj m¤úv`b Ki‡e| eva¨ nq| m¤ú‡ì ¯^íZvi Kvi‡YB wbe©vPb mgm¨vi D™¢e nq| m¤ú`
mxwgZ nIqvi Rb¨ gvbyl Zvi Afv‡ei ‡fZi ‡_‡K cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i
wbe©vPb K‡i|
gv÷vi ‡U«Bbvi c¨v‡bj KZ©…K cÖYxZ cÖkœ I DËi
cÖkœ 7| `y®úÖvc¨Zv ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
DËi : gvbeRxe‡b Afv‡ei Zyjbvq m¤ú` mxwgZ| A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v
mgvav‡bi Rb¨ m¤ú‡ì G NvUwZ ev AcÖZyjZv‡KB ejv nq `y®úÖvc¨Zv|
gvby‡li Afve c~i‡Yi Rb¨ ‡h cwigvY m¤ú` cÖ‡qvRb, ‡m cwigvY
m¤ú‡ì ‡hvMvb cÖK…wZ‡Z ‡bB wKsev cÖK…wZ‡Z m¤ú‡ì ‡hvMvb _vK‡jI
Zv gvby‡li bvMv‡ji evB‡i _v‡K| cÖ‡qvRbxq m¤ú‡ì G Afve‡KB
A_©bxwZ‡Z `y®úÖvc¨Zv e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv nq |
cÖkœ 8| wbe©vPb ev evQvB ej‡Z Kx ‡evS?
DËi : gvby‡li Afve ‡hgb Amxg, ‡Zgwb Afve c~i‡Yi m¤ú` mxwgZ| G
mxwgZ m¤ú` Øviv mKj Afve GKmv‡_ c~iY Kiv hvq bv| Avevi
gvby‡li Rxe‡b mKj Afv‡ei ¸iæZ¡ GKB iKg bq|
Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ I DËi GRb¨B gvbyl‡K Afve wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq| GKvwaK Afv‡ei ga¨ ‡_‡K
cÖkœ 1| my‡hvM e¨q ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq ? AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Afve evQvB Kiv‡KB wbe©vPb e‡j | m¤ú‡ì `y®úÖvc¨Zv
DËi : m¤ú‡ì `y®úÖvc¨Zv I Afv‡ei wbe©vPb ‡_‡K my‡hvM e¨q aviYvwUi ‡_‡KB wbe©vPb mgm¨vwU Av‡m|
DrcwË| GKwU `ª‡eï AwZwi³ Drcv`b cvIqvi Rb¨ Aci `ª‡eï cÖkœ 9| ‡g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v welqwU eywS‡q ‡jL|
Drcv`b hZUyKy ‡Q‡o w`‡Z nq, ‡mB ‡Q‡o ‡Ìqvi cwigvY n‡jv my‡hvM DËi : mKj mgv‡RB Drcv`‡bi DcKiY¸‡jv mxwgZ| mxwgZ m¤ú`‡K
e¨q| A_©vr Z¨vMK…Z my‡hvMB n‡jv my‡hvM e¨q| my‡hvM e¨q cÖm‡½ Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ ‡¶‡Î Kxfv‡e eënvi Kiv n‡e, Kxfv‡e mgv‡Ri
Aa¨vcK ‡ebnvg e‡jb, Ò‡Kv‡bv wRwb‡mi my‡hvM e¨q n‡jv cieZ©x m`m¨‡ì eÈb Kiv n‡e, mxwgZ m¤ú` Øviv ‡Kvb ‡K․k‡j Afve c~iY
m‡e©vËg weKí `ªe¨wUi Drcv`b cwinv‡ii e¨q|Ó Kiv n‡e GmeB ‡g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v| A_©bxwZwe` wc. G.
cÖkœ 2| ¯^qswµq g~jëë¯’vi aviYv `vI| m¨vgy‡qjm‡bi g‡Z, cÖ‡Z¨K mgv‡R ‡g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v wZbwU|
DËi : ‡h `vg eë¯vq miKvi ev Ab¨ ‡Kv‡bv Drm n‡Z `vg wba©vwiZ bv G mgm¨v¸‡jv n‡jv-
‡µZv-we‡µZvi cvi¯úwiK wµqv-cÖwZwµqvi Øviv evRv‡i `vg wba©vwiZ nq 1. Kx Drcv`b Kiv n‡e?
Zv‡K ¯^qswµq `vg eë¯v e‡j | G‡¶‡Î ïay evRvi Pvwn`v I evRvi 2. Kxfv‡e Drcv`b Kiv n‡e?
‡hvMvb cY¨ ‡mevi `vg wba©vi‡Y f~wgKv iv‡L| abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq 3. Kvi Rb¨ Drcv`b Kiv n‡e?
¯^qswµq `vg eë¯v we`¨gvb _vK‡jI wgkÖ A_©eë¯viI ¯^qswµq `vg cÖkœ 10| A_©‣bwZK eë¯’v ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
eë¯v i‡q‡Q| DËi : mgv‡Ri A_©‣bwZK Kvh©vewj ‡h cÖwZôvbMZ I AvBbMZ KvVv‡gvi
cÖkœ 3| ÔKx Drcv`b Kiv n‡eÕ GwU Kx ai‡bi A_©‡bwZK mgm¨v? g‡a¨ cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K A_©‣bwZK eë¯v e‡j| ‡Kv‡bv ‡`‡k
DËi : "Kx Drcv`b Ki‡Z n‡e"- GwU ‡g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v| cÖ‡Z¨K Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vbmg~‡ni eënvi Drcv`b, wewbgq, eÈb I ‡fvM msµvšÍ
mgv‡Ri cÖ_g ‡g․wjK mgm¨v Kx Drcv`b Ki‡Z n‡e Ges KZUyKy Kvh©µg Kxfv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i ‡mB ‡`‡k Abym„Z
Drcv`b Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wba©viY Kiv| m¤ú‡ì ¯^íZvi Kvi‡YB G mgm¨vi A_©‣bwZK eë¯vi Ici| A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi wfbœZv Abyhvqx
D™¢e nq| cÖ‡qvRb ev ¸iæ‡Z¡i wfwË‡Z cÖ_‡g w¯i Ki‡Z n‡e Kx Kx c…w_exi A_©‣bwZK eë¯vmg~n‡K Pvi fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v- 1.
`ª‡eï Drcv`b cÖ‡qvRb Ges Zvici Drcbœ `ª‡eï cwigvY wba©viY Kiv|
11
abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯v, 2. wb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯v, 3. wgkÖ A_©eë¯v I 4. cÖkœ 18| Bmjvwg A_©bxwZi g~jbxwZ¸‡jv ‡jL|
Bmjvwg A_©eë¯v| DËi : Bmjvwg A_©bxwZ ‡hme g~jbxwZi Ici cÖwZwôZ ‡m¸‡jv n‡jv
cÖkœ 11| abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯’v ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? i. m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv GKgvÎ Avjøvni, gvbyl ïay AvgvbZ`vi|
DËi : abZvwš¿K ev cyuwRev`x A_©eë¯vi m~ÎcvZ nq BD‡iv‡c| 1789 ii. m¤ú` DcvR©b I ‡fv‡Mi ‡¶‡Î nvivg-nvjv‡ji cv_©K¨KiY |
mv‡j divwm wecø‡ei gva¨‡g abZvwš¿K cyuwRev`x A_©eë¯v ïiæ nq| iii. hvKvZ, Dki, wRwRqv BZ¨vw` eë¯vi cÖeZ©b|
‡h A_©eë¯vq Drcv`‡bi DcKiY¸‡jvi e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv we`¨gvb iv. DËivwaKvix AvBb ev¯Íevqb|
Ges miKvwi evav e¨wZ‡i‡L Aeva `vg cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nq, V. my`, Nyl, gRy``vwi, ‡kvlY, Ryjyg iwnZKiY|
‡mB A_©‣bwZK eë¯v‡K abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯v ev cyuwRev`x A_©eë¯v cÖkœ 19 | Bmjvwg A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b eë¯’v e¨vL¨v Ki |
e‡j| G A_©eë¯vq cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³ Drcv`b, eÈb I ‡fv‡Mi ‡¶‡Î c~Y© DËi : Bmjvwg A_©eë¯v KyiAvb I nvw`mwfwËK| ZvB Drcv`‡bi ‡¶‡Î
¯^vaxbZv ‡fvM K‡i| mywbw`©ó bxwZgvjv i‡q‡Q| Bmjvwg A_©eë¯vq Drcv`b c×wZ Ab¨vb¨
cÖkœ 12| wgkÖ A_©eë¯’v ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? A_©eë¯v ‡_‡K wfbœZi| GLv‡b `ªe¨ I ‡mev Drcvw`Z nq Bmjvwg ‡fvM
DËi : ‡h A_©eë¯vq e¨w³gvwjKvbv I ‡emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡Mi cvkvcvwk cÖwµqvi wfwË‡Z| Drcv`b cÖwµqv nq mvgvwRK Kj¨vYgyLx I ‡kvlYnxb|
miKvwi D‡`¨vM I wbqš¿Y weivR K‡i Zv‡K wgkÖ A_©eë¯v e‡j | G ‡mLv‡b nvivg- nvjv‡ji cv_©K¨ we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
eë¯vq abZvwš¿K I mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vi g‡a¨ mvgÄm¨ weavb Kiv cÖkœ 20 | evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi cÖavb ‣ewkó¨mg~n e¨vL¨v Ki|
nq| Giƒc A_©eë¯vq e¨w³¯^vaxbZv Aeva bv n‡q AvswkKfv‡e miKvi DËi : evsjv‡`‡k mvgvwRK I A_©‣bwZK Kj¨v‡Yi ZvwM‡` Ges RvZxq
KZ©…K wbqwš¿Z nq| ZvQvov wKQy wKQy e„nr I ‡g․wjK wkíKviLvbv Ges wbivcËvg~jK Lv‡Z miKvi mivmwi wewb‡qvM I wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K|
¸iæZ¡c~Y© eëmvq evwYR¨ miKvi KZ©…K cwiPvwjZ nq| A‡b‡K wgkÖ ‡emiKvwiKiY bxwZ MÖnY I D`vixKi‡Yi d‡j we‡`wk wewb‡qvMmn ¯vbxq
A_©eë¯v‡K GKwU DbœZ A_©eë¯v e‡j g‡b K‡ib| A_©vq‡b ‡emiKvwi wewb‡qvM µgk e„w× cv‡”Q| evsjv‡`‡k m¤ú‡ì
cÖkœ 13| Bmjvwg A_©eë¯’v ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? e¨w³gvwjKvbvi ¯^xK…wZ i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki A_©eë¯vi Gme ‣ewkó¨ wgkÖ
DËi : Bmjv‡gi ‡g․wjK wbqgKvby‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i M‡o IVv A_©eë¯vi mv‡_ wgj _vKvq ejv hvq evsjv‡`k wgkÖ A_©eë¯v cÖPwjZ|
A_©eë¯v‡K Bmjvwg A_©eë¯v ejv nq| Bmjvwg A_©eë¯vq c…w_exi cÖkœ 21| Bmjvwg A_©eë¯’vi ‣ewkó¨mg~n e¨vL¨v Ki|
hveZxq m¤ú` gvbeRvwZi Kj¨v‡Y eënv‡ii K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Bmjvg DËi : Bmjvwg A_©eë¯vi Ab¨Zg ‣ewkó¨ n‡jv G A_©eë¯vq ‣elwqK
GKwU c~Y©v½ Rxeb eë¯v| Avjøvn cÖ`Ë KyiAvb I nvw`‡mi Av‡jv‡K DbœwZi mv‡_ ‣bwZK DbœwZi mgš^q mvab Kiv nq| G A_©eë¯vq
mgy`q RvMwZK m¤ú‡ì mvgwMÖK I Kj¨vYgyLx eë¯v MÖnY Kiv‡K kÖg‡K D”Pgh©v`v ‡Ìqv n‡q‡Q| m¤ú` eënv‡ii ‡¶‡Î gvbyl wb‡R‡K
Bmjvwg A_©eë¯v e‡j| gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ m¤ú‡ì me©vwaK ¯ªóvi AvgvbZ`vi wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡i| G A_©eë¯vi cÖavb ‣ewkó¨ n‡jv
Drcv`b, myôy eÈb I b¨vqm½Z ‡fvM wbwðZ KivB n‡jv Bmjvwg GwU Bmjvwg kwiqvn ‡gvZv‡eK cwiPvwjZ nq| GQvov G A_©eë¯vq
A_©eë¯vi g~j D‡Ïk¨| my`‡K K‡Vvifv‡e wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cÖkœ 14| abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯’vi cÖavb ‣ewkó¨¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki | cÖkœ 22| Bmjvwg A_©eë¯’v I cÖPwjZ A_©eë¯’vi ga¨Kvi K‡qKwU cv_©K¨
DËi : abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vi Ab¨Zg cÖavb ‣ewkó¨ m¤ú‡ì e¨w³MZ D‡jøL Ki|
gvwjKvbv| mgv‡Ri AwaKvsk m¤ú` ev Drcv`‡bi DcKi‡Yi Ici DËi : ag©wbi‡c¶Zv cÖPwjZ A_©eë¯vi Ab¨Zg ‣ewkó¨| G
e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv eRvq _v‡K| abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vi Av‡iKwU cÖavb ag©wbi‡c¶Zvi cÖfv‡e M‡o IVv A_©bxwZ‡Z ag©xq g~j¨‡eva I fveavivi
‣ewkó¨ n‡jv ¯^qswµq `vg eë¯v `vg eë¯v Ggb GKwU A_©‣bwZK cÖwZ D‡c¶v ‡`Lv hvq| c¶všÍ‡i Bmjvwg A_©eë¯v Bmjvwg fveavivi
c×wZ hv abZvwš¿K mgv‡Ri Drcv`b wewb‡qvM, eÈb, ‡fvM Z_v mvwe©K wfwË‡Z M‡o I‡V| gvby‡li cÖK…Z Kj¨vY Ges Avjøvni wb‡`©‡ki ¸iæZ¡
A_©‣bwZK Kg©KvÛ‡K cwiPvwjZ K‡i| Bmjvwg A_©eë¯vq ¯^xK…Z| cÖPwjZ A_©eë¯v Z_¨ we‡kølYwfwËK| G
cÖkœ 15| wb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯’v ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq ? A_©eë¯v bxwZ wbi‡c¶ | c¶všÍ‡i, Bmjvwg A_©eë¯vq bxwZ wb‡`©kbv
DËi : ‡h A_©eë¯vq mgv‡Ri AwaKvsk m¤ú` I Drcv`‡bi DcKi‡Yi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯vb AwaKvi K‡i Av‡Q| G Rb¨ Bmjvwg A_©eë¯v bxwZ
Ici ivó«xq gvwjKvbv ev miKvwi gvwjKvbv _v‡K Zv‡K wb‡`©kg~jK wbi‡c¶ n‡Z cv‡i bv|
A_©eë¯v e‡j| we‡k¦ me©cÖ_g ‡jwb‡bi ‡bZ…‡Z¡ 1917 mv‡j ivwkqvq cÖkœ 23| mvgwóK A_©bxwZ ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
wb‡`©kg~jK Z_v mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vi DÌvb nq| gvK©mxq `k©b DËi : Bs‡iwR 'Macro' kãwU wMÖK kã 'Makros' ‡_‡K G‡m‡Q hvi
wb‡`©kg~jK Z_v mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vi g~j wfwË| wb‡`©kg~jK A_© e„nr| A_©‣bwZK NUbv‡K mvgwMÖK ev c~Y©v½fv‡e we‡kølY Kiv‡K
A_©eë¯vq mKj m¤ú` cwiKwíZfv‡e eëüZ nq| GRb¨ G eë¯v‡K mvgwóK A_©bxwZ e‡j| A_©vr A_©‣bwZK welq¸‡jv‡K LÛ LÐfv‡e e¨vL¨v
cwiKwíZ A_©eë¯vI e‡j| bv K‡i mvgwMÖKfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡j Zv‡K mvgwóK A_©bxwZ e‡j| ‡hgb-
cÖkœ 16| wb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯’vi K‡qKwU ‣ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| RvZxq Avq, RvZxq Drcv`b, mvgwMÖK ‡fvM, mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v I ‡hvMvb
DËi : wb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯vi cÖavb ‣ewkó¨ n‡jv ‡`‡ki mKj m¤ú` BZ¨vwì Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq G A_©bxwZ‡Z|
ivó«xq gvwjKvbvq _v‡K| ivó«B mKj ¯vei-A¯vei m¤ú‡ì gvwjK| G cÖkœ 24| e¨wóK I mvgwMÖK A_©bxwZi ga¨Kvi cv_©K¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|
A_©eë¯vq Drcv`b I ‡fv‡Mi g‡a¨ mvgÄm¨ _v‡K Ges Drcv`b e„w× DËi : A_©bxwZi cÖ‡Z¨KwUi we‡kl As‡ki c…_K Av‡jvPbv e¨wóK
‡c‡Z _v‡K| d‡j G A_©eë¯vq ‡eKvi mgm¨v _v‡K bv Ges gy`ªvùxwZ A_©bxwZi AšÍf©y³| c¶všÍ‡i, A_©bxwZi mvgwMÖK wµqv mvgwóK A_©bxwZi
LyeB Kg| G A_©eë¯vq kÖwg‡Ki b¨vh¨ gRywi wbwðZ Kiv nq Ges AšÍf©y³| e¨wóK A_©bxwZ‡Z GKRb ‡fvMKvix KZ `v‡g Kx Kx `ªe¨
m¤ú‡ì eÈb A‡c¶vK…Z mylg | KZUyKy µq Ki‡j m‡e©v”P Z…wß jvf Ki‡e Zv Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq|
cÖkœ 17| wgkÖ A_©eë¯’vq Kxfv‡e A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvavb Kiv nq? c¶všÍ‡i, mvgwóK A_©bxwZ‡Z ‡`‡ki mKj ‡jvK Kx Kx `ªe¨ Kx cwigv‡Y
e¨vL¨v Ki | ‡fvM Ki‡j m‡e©v”P mvgvwRK Kj¨vY mvwaZ n‡e Zv Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq|
DËi : wgkÖ A_©eë¯vq A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi ‡¶‡Î abZvwš¿K
A_©eë¯v I mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vi `ye©jZv cwinvi K‡i ¸Yv¸Y¸‡jv
mgš^q K‡i wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv nq| wgkÖ A_©eë¯vq Kx `ªe¨ Kx cwigv‡Y cÖkœ 25| A`„k¨ n¯Í ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq ?
Drcv`b n‡e, Kvi Rb¨ Drcv`b n‡e, Kxfv‡e Drcv`b n‡e G wm×všÍ DËi : abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq evRvi cÖwµqvq ev `vg cÖwµqvq
MÖnY I ev¯Íevq‡b ‡emiKvwi I miKvwi D‡`¨vM cvkvcvwk Ae¯vb K‡i| ¯^qswµqfv‡e `vg mgm¨vi mgvavb nq| G cÖwµqvq A_©bxwZ‡Z
Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vb I m¤ú‡ì Ici ‡emiKvwi I miKvwi Lv‡Zi mne¯vb ‡Kv‡bviƒc wek…•Ljv ‡`Lv ‡`q bv| A_©bxwZi Avw` RbK A¨vWvg w¯§_ G
_vKvi Kvi‡Y eÈb eë¯v‡ZI Dfq Lv‡Zi KZ©…Z¡ j¶ Kiv hvq|
12
evRvi cÖwµqv‡K A`„k¨ n¯Í e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| GKwU A`„k¨ n¯Í 25. m¤ú‡ì `y®úÖvc¨Zv †_‡K D™¢e nq- wbev©Pb mgm¨v|
abZ‡š¿ ‡fv³v, Drcv`bKvix, ‡µZv Ges we‡µZvi eûgyLx K‡g©i g‡a¨ 26. A_©bxwZ n‡jv wbev©P‡bi weÁvb e‡j‡Qb-cj. G. m¨vgy‡qjmb|
mgš^q mvab K‡i|  Kx Drcv`b, Kxfv‡e Drcv`b, Kvi Rb¨ Drcv`b
cÖkœ 26 | Afv‡ei aviYvwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 27. cÖ‡Z¨K mgv‡R †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v-3wU|
DËi : mvaviYZ ‡Kv‡bv wKQy cvIqvi AvKv•ÿv‡K Afve ejv nq| Z‡e 28. kÖgwbf©i Drcv`b †K․kj ej‡Z †evSvq- kÖ‡gi g~j¨ m¯Ív|
A_©bxwZ‡Z wbQK cvIqvi AvKv•ÿv Afve e‡j MY¨ nq bv| eis 29. gvbemgv‡Ri mvwe©K A_©‣bwZK D‡Ïk¨-‡fvM|
Rxebavi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q A_P nv‡Zi Kv‡Q ‡bB Ggb `ªe¨ I ‡mev  A_‣bwZK eë¯’vmg~‡ni A_©‡bwZK mgm¨v mgvavb
cvIqvi AvKv•ÿv‡K Afve ejv nq| ‡hgb- GKRb wf¶yK GKwU 30. A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡b A_©‣bwZK eë¯v cÖPwjZ-4wU|
‡gvUiMvwo ‡Kbvi AvKv•Lv Ki‡j Zv‡K Afve ejv hv‡e bv| wKš‧ GKRb 31. gvby‡li mKj Kg©Kv‡Ði g~j †K›`ªwe›`y-‡fvM|
Wv³vi wKsev GKRb eëmvqx Zv ‡Kbvi B”Qv ‡cvlY Ki‡j Zv‡K Afve 32. GKwU †`‡k RvZxq Dbœq‡bi PvweKvwV-Drcv`b|
ejv hv‡e| 33. A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi cÖ_g †K›`ªwe›`y-Drcv`b|
34. A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †kl avcwU n‡jv- †fvM|
35. eÈ‡bi †ÿ‡Î D‡`¨v³v MÖnY K‡i- gybvdv|
 abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯’v
36. abZ‡š¿ ÔInvisible HandÕ Øviv †evSv‡bv nq-`vgeë¯v|
37. BD‡iv‡c wkí wecøe ïiæ nq- 1789 mv‡j|
38. abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq _v‡K- †fv³vi ¯^vaxbZv|
39. m¤ú‡ì ïay e¨w³gvwjKvbv ¯^xK…Z-abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq|
40. abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq ejv n‡q _v‡K- †fv³vq ivRv|
41. cÖ‡Z¨K †fv³vi g~j jÿ¨-mev©waK Z…wß jvf|
42. abZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ‡Z †kvwlZ I wb‡qvwRZ nq-kÖwg‡Kiv|
43. abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq A`„k¨ nvZ n‡jv- ¯^qswµq `vgeë¯v|
44. abZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`‡bi g~j jÿ¨-gybvdv m‡ev©”PKiY|
 wb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯’v
45. ivwkqvq me©cÖ_g mgvRZš¿ cÖwZwôZ nq-1917 mv‡j|
g‡b †i‡Lv Avgvq !!! 46. e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv Abycw¯Z-wb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯vq|
 †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v 47. wb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯vq Drcv`b cÖwµqv wbqš¿Y K‡i-ivó&ª|
1. ‡g․wjK A_©bxwZ‡Z mgm¨v cÖK…wZ we‡køl‡Y cÖ_g Ae`vb iv‡Lb-wc.G. 48. ‡fv³vi ¯^vaxbZv mxgve×-wb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯vq|
m¨vgy‡qjmb| 49. MY‡fvM Znwej MVb Kiv nq RvZxq Drcv`b Øviv|
2. A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi g~‡j i‡q‡Q-m¤ú‡ì `y®úÖvc¨Zv| 50. ‡eKviZ¡ Abycw¯Z _v‡K-mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ‡Z|
3. A_©bxwZ‡K Ôm¤ú‡ì weÁvbÕ e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb- A¨vWvg w¯§_| 51. ‡K›`ªxq cwiKíbv KZ…©cÿ _v‡K-wb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯vq|
4. AvaywbK A_©bxwZi RbK-wc.G. m¨vgy‡qjmb| 52. gRywi Znwej, MY‡fvM Znwej MVb Kiv nq-mgvRZ‡š¿|
5. gvby‡li Rxe‡bi Afve I AvKv•ÿvi aib- Amxg| 53. mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ‡Z Abycw¯Z-ivRv cÖwZ‡hvwMZv|
6. cÖ‡Z¨K A_©‣bwZK mgv‡R †g․wjK mgm¨v n‡jv- 3wU| 54. ÔmKj m¤ú‡ì gvwjK ivóªÕ- mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ‡Z|
7. 3wU †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v e¨vL¨v K‡i‡Qb-m¨vgy‡qjmb|  wgkÖ A_©eë¯’v
 `y®úÖvc¨Zv 55. m¤ú‡ì miKvwi †emiKvwi gvwjKvbv _v‡K-wgkÖ A_©eë¯vq|
8. A_©bxwZ‡Z me©cÖ_g Ô`y®úÖvc¨ZvÕ aviYvwUi eënvi K‡ib- Gj iweÝ| 56. evRvi A_©bxwZi aviYv‡K mg_©b K‡i-wgkÖ A_©eë¯v|
9. Aa¨vcK iweÝ A_©bxwZi msÁvq A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi K_v D‡jøL 57. wgkÖ A_©eë¯v‡K A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib-‡kÖô A_©eë¯v|
K‡i‡Qb-3wU| 58. wgkÖ A_©eë¯vi m~wZKvMvi-Bsj¨vÛ|
10. Pvwn`vi Zzjbv m¤ú‡ì †hvMv‡bi NvUwZB n‡jv-`y®úÖvc¨Zv| 59. ÔAvq eÈ‡b AmgZvÕ †`Lv hvq-wgkÖ A_©eë¯v|
11. A_©bxwZi hgR mgm¨vØq-`y®úÖvc¨Zv I wbev©Pb| 60. wgkÖ A_©eë¯vq †emiKvwi Drcv`‡bi g~j jÿ¨-gybvdv AR©b|
12. A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq-m¤ú‡ì `y®úÖvc¨Zvi Kvi‡Y| 61. wgkÖ A_©eë¯v cÖPwjZ Av‡Q-evsjv‡`‡k|
13. A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v m„wói †cQ‡b g~j KviY-m¤ú‡ì mxgve×Zv|  Bmjvwg A_©bxwZ
14. gvby‡li Rxe‡b Afve I AvKv•ÿvi aib- Amxg| 62. Bmjvwg A_©bxwZ‡Z hvKvZ cÖ`v‡bi nvi-2.5%|
15. A_©bxwZ‡K Kj¨v‡Yi weÁvb e‡j‡Qb-Aa¨vcK gvkv©j| 63. Bmjv‡gi ÔwiKvÕ Gi mvaviY A_©-my`|
 Amxg Afve 64. Rxeb avi‡bi c~Yv©½ AwaKvi †Ìqv nq-Bmjvwg A_©eë¯vq|
16. Afv‡ei Zzjbvq m¤ú‡ì mxgve×Zv‡K e‡j-`y®úÖvc¨Zv| 65. Iki cÖ`v‡bi nvi-5%-10%|
17. A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v cÖavb KviY-mxwgZ m¤ú`| 66. ÔevqZzj gvjÕ A_© n‡”Q-miKvwi Znwej MVb|
18. Amxg Afve Ges m¤ú‡ì `y®úÖvc¨Zvi wfwË‡Z gvbeRxe‡b m~ÎcvZ 67. Bmjvwg A_©bxwZi g~j Drm-PviwU|
N‡U-‡g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi|  e¨wóK I mgvwóK A_©bxwZ
19. gvbyl AmsL¨ Afve †_‡K Zvi Afve¸‡jv‡K wbev©Pb K‡i-¸iæZ¡ Abymv‡i| 68. e¨wóK I mvgwóK kã `ywU cÖ_g eënvi K‡ib-i¨vMbvi wd«k|
20. Amxg Afve c~i‡bi Rb¨ m¤ú‡ì cwigvY-mxwgZ| 69. ÔMikrosÕ kãwU G‡m‡Q-wMÖK fvlv †_‡K|
 wbev©Pb mgm¨v 70. e¨wóK A_©bxwZ‡Z ¸iæZ¡ †Ìqv nq-GKK LvZ‡K|
21. m¤ú‡ì `ÿ eënv‡ii Rb¨ Afv‡ei AMÖvwaKvi evQvB‡qi cÖwµqvwU 71. AvswkK fvimvg¨ we‡kølY Kiv nq-e¨wóK A_©bxwZ‡Z|
n‡jv-wbev©Pb| 72. mvgwóK A_©bxwZi RbK-‡R.Gg.‡KBbm|
22. Amxg Afve Ges `y®úÖvc¨Zvi g‡a¨ mgš^‡q mvabB n‡jv-wbev©Pb| 73. mvgwóK A_©bxwZ‡Z cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib-‡KBbm|
23. PPC n‡jv- Production Possibility Curve| 74. A_©bxwZi mvgwMÖK w`K Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq-mvgwóK A_©bxwZ‡Z|
24. ÔA_©bxwZ n‡jv wbev©P‡bi weÁvbÕ e‡j‡Qb- m¨vgy‡qjmb|
13
 miKvwi I †emiKvwi Lv‡Z Dcw¯wZ ¯^xK…Z-wgkÖ A_©bxwZ‡Z|
 Bmjvwg kixq‡Zi c~Y© ev¯Íevqb N‡U-Bmjvwg A_©eë¯vq|
 Rxebavi‡Y c~Yv©½ w`K wbwðZ K‡i-Bmjvwg A_©bxwZ|
7. Ô‡kÖwY †kvlY Abycw¯’ZÕ †Kvb A_©eë¯’vi Ab¨Zg cÖavb •ewkó¨?
K. abZvwš¿K L. mgvRZvwš¿K M. wgkÖ N. Bmjvwg
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
Abykxjbx cvV-1  e¨w³ gvwjKvbv ¯^xK…Z-abZ‡š¿|
1. Afv‡ei Zzjbvq m¤ú‡ì mxgve×Zv‡K Kx e‡j?  mgv‡Ri DuPz †kÖwY KZ„©K wbP †kÖwYi †kvlY‡K e‡j-‡kÖwY †kvlY|
K. `y®úÖvc¨Zv L. wbev©Pb M. Pvwn`v N. †hvMvb  ivóª KZ…©K hveZxq A_©‣bwZK Kg©KvÐ cwiPvwjZ nIqvq †kÖwY †kvlY
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! †bB-mgvRZ‡š¿|
 gvby‡li Afv‡ei Zzjbvq cÖ‡qvRbxq m¤ú‡ì AcÖZzjZv-`y®úÖvc¨Zv|  ‡emiKvwi I ivóªxq gvwjKvbvi mgš^q N‡U-wgkÖ A_©bxwZ‡Z|
 mKj mgv‡Ri g~j mgm¨v-m¤ú‡ì mxgve×Zv|  m¤ú‡ì eÈb b¨vqwePvi I Bbmvdc~Y© nq-Bmjvwg A_©bxwZ‡Z|
 Amxg Afve Ges `y®úÖvc¨ m¤ú‡ì g‡a¨ mgš^q mvabB-wbev©Pb| 8. mvgwóK kãwUi Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã „Macro‟ G‡m‡Q †Kvb kã †_‡K?
 `ª‡eï `v‡gi mv‡_ mggyLx m¤úK©-‡hvMv‡bi| K. Makros L. Macros M. Makro N. Macross
2. Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq m¤ú‡ì †hvMv‡bi NvUwZB n‡jv- hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K. `y®úÖvc¨Zv L. wbev©Pb  mvgwóK ev Macro kãwU G‡m‡Q wMÖK kã-Makros ‡_‡K|
M. A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v N. A_©‣bwZK eë¯v  A_©bxwZi mvgwMÖK w`K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i-mvgwóK A_©bxwZ|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  GK e¨w³ Av‡qi cwie‡Z© mvgwMÖK RvZxq Avq cwigvc Kiv nq-
 mKj cÖKvi A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi g~‡j i‡q‡Q- `y®úÖvc¨Zv| mvgwóK A_©bxwZ‡Z|
 Afv‡ei ¸iæZ¡ Abymv‡i wKQz Afve c~i‡Yi Rb¨ evQvB Kiv‡K e‡j- 9. „The General Theory of Employment, Interest and
wbev©Pb| Money‟ eBwUi †jLK †K?
 mxgvnxb Afve c~i‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ mxwgZ m¤ú` wb‡qvM web¨vmB n‡jv- K. A¨vWvg w¯§_ L. †R.Gg. †KBbm
A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v| M. Gj. iweÝ N. Kvj© gvK©m
 A_©‣bwZK Kvhv©ewji cÖvwZôvwbK KvVv‡gv‡K ejv nq-A_©‣bwZK eë¯v| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
3. A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Kg©chv©q †KvbwU?  A_©bxwZ‡K m¤ú‡ì weÁvb e‡j‡Qb-A¨vWvg w¯§_|
K. Drcv`b L. wewb‡qvM M. †hvMvb N. mÂq  ÔThe general Theory of Employment, Interest and
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! MoneyÕ eBwU †jLK -Rb †gbvW© ‡KBbm|
 bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv‡K e‡j- Drcv`b|  AvaywbK g¨v‡µvB‡Kv‡bvwgKm Z‡Ë¡i cÖe³v-‡R.Gg.‡KBbm|
 Amxg Afve I mxwgZ m¤ú‡ì g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab-cÖavb A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v|  me©cÖ_g A_©bxwZ‡Z `ycÖvc¨Zvi aviYvwU eY©bv K‡ib-Gj. iweÝ|
 A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi 4wU Kg©chv©q-Drcv`b, wewbgq, eÈb I †fvM|  ‡kÖwYmsMÖvg Z‡Ë¡i cÖe³-Kvj© gvK©m|
 g~jab `ª‡eï Rb¨ e¨‡qi cwigvY n‡jv-wewb‡qvM| 10. A_©‣bwZK NUbv‡K ÿz`ª ÿz`ª GK‡K we‡kølY Kiv‡K Kx e‡j?
 Av‡qi GKwU Ask e¨q bv K‡i Rgv ivLv‡K e‡j-mÂq| K. mvgwóK A_©bxwZ L. cyuwRev`x A_©bxwZ
4. Pvi ai‡bi A_©‣bwZK eë¯’vq wb‡Pi †Kvb wel‡q mv`„k¨ †`Lv hvq? M. e¨wóK A_©bxwZ N. mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ
K. m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv L. kÖwgK Ae¯vb hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
M. m¤ú‡ì Kvg¨ eënvi N. `vg cÖwµqv  Micro kãwUi evsjv cÖwZkã n‡jv- e¨wóK|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  A_©‣bwZK NUbv‡K ÿz`ª ÿz`ª GK‡K we‡kølY Kiv‡K e‡j-e¨wóK A_©bxwZ|
 gvby‡li eënvh© m¤ú‡ì mxgve×Zvi Rb¨ Kvg¨ eënvi Ki‡Z nq-  A_©bxwZi AvswkK wPÎ cvIqv hvq-e¨wóK A_©bxwZ|
m¤ú‡ì|  ‡K›`ªxq KZ…©cÿ KZ…©K mgy`q wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq-mgvRZvwš¿K
 Pvi ai‡bi A_©‣bwZK eë¯v n‡jv-abZvwš¿K, wb‡`©kg~jK wgkÖ I A_©eë¯vq|
Bmjvwg A_©eë¯v| 11. A_©bxwZ‡Z Ôwbev©Pb cÖ‡qvRbxq, KviY-
 cÖ‡Z¨K A_©eë¯v mg_©b K‡i- m¤ú‡ì Kvg¨ eënvi‡K| i. Afve Amxg wKš‧ m¤ú` mxwgZ
 g~‡jï wbqgB n‡jv- `vg cÖwµqv| ii. mKj Afve mgvb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
5. abZ‡š¿ A`„k¨ kw³‡K Kx e‡j? iii. m¤ú‡ì weKí I `ÿ eënvi m¤¢e
K. miKvwi cwiKíbv L. `vgeë¯v wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M. Rbkw³ N. mvgvwRK Kj¨vY K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 mgv‡R wewfbœ e¨w³i AvPiY I Kg©KvÐ cwiPvwjZ nq-A`„k¨ kw³ Øviv|  m¤ú‡ì myôz eënvi wbwðZ K‡i-wbev©Pb|
 abZ‡š¿ ¯^qswµq evRvi eë¯vq g~j¨ wbav©i‡Yi cÖK…wZ‡K e‡j-  Afv‡ei Zzjbvq m¤ú` mxwgZ nIqvq gvbyl‡K Ki‡Z nq-wbev©Pb|
`vgeë¯v|  m¤ú‡ì weKí I `ÿ eënvi nq-m¤ú` wbev©P‡bi gva¨‡g|
 ‡Kv‡bv †`‡ki †gvU Kg©ÿg RbMY‡K e‡j-Rbkw³|  mKj Afve mgvb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© bq weavq Ki‡Z nq-wbev©Pb|
 wb‡`©kg~jK I Bmjvwg A_©eë¯vi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨-mvgvwRK Kj¨vY|

6. e¨w³MZ D‡`¨v‡Mi mev©waK ¯^vaxbZv †Kvb A_©eë¯’vq i‡q‡Q? GB Aa¨v‡qi GgwmwKD wfwWI
K. cyuwRev`x L. wb‡`©kg~jK M. wgkÖ N. Bmjvwg K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 e¨w³MZ D‡`¨v‡Mi mev©waK ¯^vaxbZv i‡q‡Q-abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq|
 Drcv`b, wewbgq, eÈb, †fv‡M †emiKvwi D‡`¨vM _vKv‡K e‡j-
e¨w³MZ D‡`¨vM|
14
 DÏxcKwU co Ges 17 I 18 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
w`jxc Kzgvi m¨vi e‡j‡Qb, Ggb GKwU A_©eë¯v Av‡Q †hLv‡b `ywU
¸iæZ¡c~Y© A_©eë¯vi g‡a¨ mvgÄm¨ weavb Kiv nq| G A_©eë¯vq †emiKvwi
D‡`¨vM‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv nq, Avevi miKvwi wbqš¿YI we`¨gvb|
12. gy³ evRvi A_©bxwZ‡Z `ªe¨mvgMÖxi `vg wbav©wiZ nq- 17. w`jxc m¨vi †Kvb A_©eë¯’vi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb?
i. evRvi Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi †h․_ wµqv cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g K. abZvwš¿K L. wgkÖ M. Bmjvwg N. mgvRZvwš¿K
ii. ¯^qswµq `vgeë¯v Øviv hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
iii. †K›`ªxq KZ…©c‡ÿi wb‡`©‡k  e¨w³MZ I miKvwi D‡`¨v‡Mi mgv‡ek N‡U-wgkÖ A_©bxwZ‡Z|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  DbœZ A_©eë¯v ejv nq-wgkÖ A_©eë¯v‡K|
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii  miKvwi D‡`¨vM Abycw¯Z-abZ‡š¿|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  ¯^qswµq `vgeë¯v we`¨gvb-abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq|
 ‡h‡Kv‡bv Drcv`K ¯^vaxbfv‡e Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i-gy³ evRvi A_©bxwZ‡Z|  Av‡qi mylg eÈb Kiv nq-Bmjvwg A_©bxwZ‡Z|
 ‡µZv-we‡µZvi cvi¯úwiK wµqv-cÖwZwµqvq `vg wbav©wiZ nq- abZ‡š¿|  ‡eKviZ¡ Abycw¯Z _v‡K-mgvRZ‡š¿|
 ¯^qswµq `vgeë¯v we`¨gvb-gy³evRvi A_©bxwZ‡Z| 18. w`jxc m¨vi †h A_©eë¯’vi K_v e‡j‡Qb Zvi g‡a¨ †`Lv hvq-
 ‡K›`ªxq KZ…©c‡ÿi wb‡`©k `vg wbav©wiZ nq- mgvRZ‡š¿| i. e¨w³MZ I ivóªxq gvwjKvbv
13. wb‡`©kg~jK A_©bxwZ‡Z `ª‡eï `vg wbav©i‡Y f~wgKv iv‡L- ii. Drcv`b, eÈb I †fv‡Mi c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv
i. Drcv`K ii. Pvwn`v I †hvMvb iii. ivóª iii. gy`ªvùxwZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 wb‡`©kg~jK A_©bxwZ‡Z `ª‡eï `vg wbav©iY K‡i- ivóª|  e¨w³MZ I ivóªxq gvwjKvbv we`¨gvb-wgkÖ A_©bxwZ‡Z|
 abZ‡š¿ cY¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ mev©waK ¯^vaxbZv cvq-Drcv`K|  Drcv`b,eÈb I †fv‡Mi c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv i‡q‡Q-wgkÖ A_©eë¯vq|
 abZ‡š¿ c‡Yï `vg wbav©wiZ nq-A`„k¨ kw³ Øviv|  miKvi ivóªxq cÖ‡qvR‡b `vgeë¯v wbqš¿Y K‡i-wgkÖ A_©bxwZ‡Z|
14. mvgwóK A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq n‡jv-  gy`ªvùxwZ we`¨gvb _v‡K-wgkÖ A_©bxwZ‡Z|
i. RvZxq Avq ii. my‡ì nvi iii. dv‡g©i gybvdv DËicÎ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 1.K 2.K 3.K 4.M 5.L 6.K
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 7.L 8.K 9.L 10.M 11.L 12.K
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 13.M 14.K 15.N 16.M 17.L 18.N
 mvgwóK A_©bxwZ e¨w³MZ Av‡qi cwie‡Z© Av‡jvPbv K‡i-RvZxq Avq|
 A_©bxwZ‡K mvgwMÖKfv‡e Av‡jvPbv K‡i-mvgwóK A_©bxwZ| Abykxjbx cvV-2
 mvgwóK A_©bxwZi Ab¨Zg Av‡jvP¨ welq-my‡ì nvi| †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v
 ‡`‡ki cÖK…Z A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v Rvbv hvq-mvgwóK A_©bxwZ †_‡K| 1| Afv‡ei Zyjbvq m¤ú‡ì mxgve×Zv‡K wK e‡j?
 e¨w³K A_©bxwZ Av‡jvPbv K‡i-GKRb we‡µZvi †hvMvb wb‡q| K) `y®úªvc¨Zv L) wbev©Pb L) Pvwn`v N) †hvMvb
 DÏxcKc co Ges 15 I 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt 2| A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Kg©chv©q †KvbwU?
K) Drcv`b L) wewb‡qvM M) †hvMvb N) mÂq
3| ‡g․wjK A_©bxwZK mgm¨vi cÖK…wZ we‡køl‡Y †K cÖ_g Ae`vb iv‡Lb?
K) m¨vgy‡qjmb L) †KBbm M) gvk©vj N) GWvg w¯§_
4 ÔA_©bxwZ n‡jv wbevP‡bi weÁvbÕ-‡K e‡j‡Qb?
K) †ebnvg L) m¨vgy‡qjmb M) Kvj© gvK©m N) Gj.iweÝ
5| Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi †h †Kv‡bv we›`y Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
15. av‡bi Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j cv‡Ui Drcv`b KZ?
K) ¯^í Drcv`b L) †eKviZ¡ M) c~Y© wb‡qvM N) Ac~Y© wb‡qvM
K. O L. AB M. OA N. OB
6| A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v m„wói wcQ‡b g~j KviY †KvbwU??
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K) Amxg Afve L) m¤ú‡ì mxgve×Zv
 `ywU Drcbœ `ª‡eï wewfbœ mswgkÖY wb‡`©k K‡i-Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv|
M) m¤ú‡ì cÖvPyh©Zv N) wbev©Pb mgm¨v
 av‡bi Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j cv‡Ui Drcv`b n‡e-OB|
7| mvaviY Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi AvK…wZ n‡jv-
 Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv n‡jv-AB|
K) g~j we›`yi w`‡K DËj L) g~j we›`yi w`‡K AeZj
 av‡bi Drcv`b OA n‡j cv‡Ui Drcv`b n‡e- 0 (k~b¨)| M) wb¤œMvgx mij‡iLv N) DaŸ©Mvgx mij‡iLv
 av‡bi Drcv`b mev©waK nq-OA Drcv`‡b| 8| A_©bxwZ‡Z wbev©P‡bi mgm¨v ej‡Z wK †evSvq?
16. wP‡Îi †Kvb we›`ywU m¤ú‡ì Ac~Y© eënvi wb‡`©k K‡i? K) m¤ú‡ì wbev©Pb L) Afv‡ei ¸iæZ¡ wbev©Pb
K. A L. B M. C N. D M) cÖhyw³ wbev©Pb N) gvwjKvbv wbev©Pb
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 9| AmsL¨ Afve †_‡K ¸iæZ¡ Abymv‡i wKQz Afve evQvB Kiv‡K wK e‡j?
 m¤ú‡ì Ac~Y© eënvi ej‡Z †evSvq-‡eKviZ¡‡K| K) `y®úÖvc¨Zv L) weKí eënvi M) wbev©Pb N) Amxg Afve
 Ac~Y© wb‡qvM ev †eKviZ¡ wb‡`©k K‡i-C we›`y| 10| ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï GK GKK Drcv`b e„w× Ki‡Z Ab¨ `ª‡eï Drcv`b
 c~Y© wb‡qvM Ae¯v wb‡`©k K‡i-C we›`y| hZUzKz Qvo‡Z nq Zv‡K wK e‡j?
 D n‡j-A-AR©b‡hvM¨ we›`y| K) †gvU e¨q L) my‡hvM e¨q M) cÖvwšÍK e¨q N) Mo e¨q
11| A_©bxwZi hgR mgm¨vØq Kx?
K) `y®úÖvc¨Zv I wbev©Pb L) `y®úÖvc¨Zv I mxgve×Zv
M) AmxgZv I wbev©Pb N) ¯^íZv I cÖwZ×w›ØZv
15
12| m¤ú‡ì `ÿ eënv‡ii Rb¨ Afv‡ei AMÖvwaKvi evQvB‡qi cÖwµqvwU n‡jv- K) m¤ú` L) cY¨ M) A_© N) wewb‡qvM
K) `y®úÖvc¨Zv L) wbev©Pb M) Drcv`b N) †g․wjK mgm¨v 33|GKwU m¤ú`‡K KZevi eënvi Kiv hvq?
13| A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi cÖavb KviY †KvbwU? K) Pvievi L) wZbevi M) `yBevi N) GKevi
K) mmxg Afve L) mxwgZ Drcv`b 34| ‡Kv‡bv Afve wgwU‡q AwaK Z…wß jv‡fi Rb¨ gvbyl‡K wK Ki‡Z nq?
M) mwVK wbev©Pb N) mxwgZ m¤ú` L) AwaK A_© e¨q Ki‡Z nq L) Afv‡ei g‡a¨ evQvB Ki‡Z nq
14| A_©bxwZ‡K Ôm¤ú‡ì weÁvbÕ e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb †Kvb A_©bxwZwe`? M) Pig g~j¨ w`‡Z nq N) AwaK cwikÖg Ki‡Z nq
K) A¨vWvg w¯§_ L) Gj.iweÝ 35| Ô`y®úÖvc¨Zvi mgm¨v n‡jv g~j mgm¨v¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg GKwU mgm¨v, hv
M) Avj‡d«W gvk©vj N) wc.G. m¨vgy‡qjmb A_©bxwZi wewfbœ •ewk‡óï mv‡_ cÖwZØwÜZv K‡iÕ-Dw³wU Kvi?
15| gvbeRxe‡b cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq m¤ú‡ì ¯^íZv‡K wK e‡j? K) m¨vgy‡qjmb L) Avi.wR.w¯úwb M) evUjvi N) ‡ebnvg
K) m¤ú‡ì NvUwZ L) mxgvnxb Pvwn`v 36| ‡Kb gvbyl Kg Riæwi Afve Z¨vM K‡i AwaK Riæwi Afve Av‡M
M) m¤ú‡ì `y®úÖvc¨Zv N) mxgvnxb Afve c~iY K‡i?
16| A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq wK Kvi‡Y? K) AwaK Z…wß jv‡fi Avkvq L) m¤ú` evPv‡bvi Avkvq
K) m¤ú‡ì `y®úÖvc¨Zv L) m¤ú‡ì Pvwn`v M) cwikÖg Kgv‡bvi Avkvq N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
M) m¤ú‡ì †hvMvb N) m¤ú‡ì wbev©Pb 37| Ôgvbyl evQvB Ki‡Z eva¨ nq e‡jB A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v †`Lv †`q|Õ-
17| A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi cÖ_g chv©q †KvbwU? Dw³wU Kvi??
K) ‡fvM L) e›Ub M) wewbgq N) Drcv`b K) †Kqvb© µm L) m¨vgy‡qjmb M) A¨vWvg w¯§_ N) †ebnvg
18| Ô`y®úÖvc¨ m¤ú‡ì eënvi Ges mgv‡Ri Avq I wb‡qvM eë¯vi 38|Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖKvk K‡i??
Av‡jvPbvB n‡jv A_©bxwZi g~j welqÕ-Dw³wU Kvi? K) `ywU `ª‡eï mswgkÖY L) `yRb †fv³vi mswgkÖY
K) Avi Gg eevi L) †ebnvg M) †fv³vi iæwP N) Av‡qi mvgÄm¨Zv
M) jW© †R.Gg. †KBÝ N) †WwfW wiKv‡W©v 39| mgvR‡K wK‡mi wfwË‡Z wm×všÍ wb‡Z nq †h Drcv`b kÖgwbweo n‡e
19| mvaviYZ Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi AvK…wZ n‡jv- bv g~jab wbweo?
K) g~j we›`yi w`‡K DËj L) gyj we›`yi w`‡K AeZj K) A_©‣bwZK Ae¯vi †cÖwÿ‡Z L) miKv‡ii B”Qv Abyhvqx
M) wb¤œMvgx mij‡iLv N) DaŸ©Mvgx mij‡iLv M) `vZv ms¯vi B”Qv Abyhvqx N) RbM‡Yi gZvg‡Zi †cÖwÿ‡Z
20| A¨vWvg w¯§_ A_©bxwZ‡K wK e‡j‡Qb? 40| wb‡Pi †KvbwU Drcv`‡b g~j D‡Ïk¨?
K) m¤ú‡ì weÁvb L) Kj¨v‡Yi weÁvb K) †fvM L) wewb‡qvM M) Avq N) mÂq
M) ¯^íZvi weÁvb N) mgm¨vi weÁvb 41| Drcvw`Z `ªe¨mvgMÖx †Kvb e¨vcviwU gv_vq †i‡L e›Ub Kiv DwPZ?
21| Rmxg mv‡ne Zvi Rwg‡Z avb Drcv`b Kivi Kvi‡Y cvU Drcv`b K) mgv‡Ri Kj¨vY L) AwaK gybvdv
Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| welqwU A_©bxwZi †Kvb aviYvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? M) Drcv`‡bi B”Qv N) e¨w³MZ Kj¨vY
K) Drcv`b e¨q L) my‡hvM e¨q M) cÖvwšÍK e¨q N) †gvU e¨q 42| wb‡Pi †KvbwUi gva¨‡g gvby‡li Z…wß e„w× Kiv hvq?
22| A_©bxwZ‡Z `y®úÖvc¨Zv ej‡Z ‡KvbwU‡K †evSvq? K) Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g L) wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g
K) Afve L) gy³ `ªe¨ M) m¤ú` N) wbev©Pb M) †hvMv‡bi gva¨‡g N) †Kv‡bvwU B bq
23| AvaywbK A_©bxwZi RbK Kv‡K ejv nq? wb‡Pi †Kvb e¨w³? 43| f‚wgi gvwjK f‚wgi cwie‡Z© Kx cvq?
K) cj m¨vgy‡qjmb L) A¨Wvg w¯§_ M) gvk©vj N) †WwfW wiKv‡Wv© K) my` L) gRywi M) LvRbv N) gybvdv
24| GKwU Afve c~iY n‡j Kx N‡U? 44| e›U‡bi †ÿ‡Î D‡`¨v³v wb‡Pi †KvbwU MÖnY K‡i?
K) AviI Afve †`Lv †`q L) Avi Afve †`Lv †`q bv K) gybvdv L) my` M) gRywi N) †eZb
M) ÿwZ nq N) my` I mg„w× Av‡m 45| wb‡Pi †Kvb KviYwUi Rb¨ gvby‡li g‡a¨ Drcv`b Kivi D‡`¨vM i‡q‡Q?
25| gvby‡li Amxg Afv‡ei Zzjbvq m¤ú`- K) †fv‡Mi Pvwn`v Av‡Q e‡j L) gybvdvi †jv‡f
K) cÖPzi L) †bB M) mxwgZ N) Amxg M) miKv‡ii Pv‡ci Kvi‡Y N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
26| R‡b¥i ciB GKRb gvbewkï wK‡mi m¤§yLxb nq?? 46| A_©bxwZ‡Z Ôwbev©PbÕ cÖ‡qvRbxq, KviY-
K) Avb‡›ì L) †e`bvi M) Afv‡ei M) cÖvPz‡h©i i) Afve Amxg wKš‧ m¤ú` mxwgZ
27| wb‡Pi †KvbwU gvby‡li ‡g․wjK Pvwn`v bq? ii) mKj Afve mgvb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
K) Abœ L) e¯¿ M) eÜzZ¡ N) evm¯vb iii) m¤ú‡ì weKí I `ÿ eënvi m¤¢e
28| 'An Essay on the Nature and Significance of wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Economic Science." MÖšwU Kvi †jLv? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) Aa¨vcK †ebnvg L) Aa¨vcK Gj. iweÝ 47| Aa¨vcK Gj. iwe‡Ýi msÁv mswgkÖb Ki‡j cvIqv hvq-
M) Aa¨vcK m¨vgy‡qjmb N) A¨vWvg w¯§_ i) Amxg Afve ii) mxwgZ m¤ú` iii) m¤ú‡ì c~Y© eënvi
29| ÔA_©bxwZ Ggb GKwU weÁvb hv Amxg Afve I weKí eënvi †hvM¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwUmwVK?
AcÖPzi m¤ú‡ì g‡a¨ mgš^q mvabKvix gvby‡li AvPiY we‡kølY K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K‡iÕ| Dw³wU Kvi? 48| A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v n‡”Q-
K) Gj. iweÝ L) gvk©vj M) m¨vgy‡qjmb N) A¨vWvg w¯§_ i) Drcv`b, e›Ub I †fvM
ii) `ywU Drcbœ `ª‡eï m¤¢ve¨ mswgkÖY
30| m¤ú‡ì Ici g~j¨ avh© Kiv nq, KviY- iii) Drcv`b †K․kj wbev©Pb
K) m¤ú` e¨w³MZ L) m¤ú` cÖPzi M) m¤ú` Amxg N) m¤ú` mxwgZ wb‡Pi †KvbwUmwVK?
31| wb‡Pi †KvbwU m¤ú‡ì •ewkó¨ bq?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) m¤ú‡ì †hvMvb mxwgZ L) m¤ú` n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨
49| A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi cÖ_g Kg©chv©q n‡jv-
M) m¤ú‡ì evwn¨KZv N) m¤ú` g~j¨nxb
i) `ªe¨ Drcv`b ii) †mev Drcv`b iii) †fvM Kiv
32| Afve c~i‡Yi `ªe¨mvgMÖx Ges Drcv`‡b wewfbœ Dcv`vb‡K e‡j-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
16
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
50| A_©bxwZ‡Z wbev©Pb ej‡Z †evSvq-
i) Afv‡ei ¸iæZ¡ ii) m¤ú‡ì `ÿ eënvi iii) mxwgZ m¤ú`
wb‡Pi †KvbwUmwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
51| ‡g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi D™¢‡ei KviY Kx?
i) m¤ú‡ì `y®úÖvc¨Zv
59| hw` X `ª‡eï Zzjbvq Y `ª‡eï cÖ‡qvRb †ewk nq, Z‡e DÏxc‡Ki
ii) †eKviZ¡ m¤ú‡K© aviYv †Kvb we›`y‡Z Drcv`bKvix m‡ev©”P Drcv`b Kg‡e?
iii) m¤ú‡ì mxgve×Zv cÖKvk
K) A L) P M) Q N) R
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 60| DÏxc‡Ki C we›`y‡Z Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
52| Drcv`b m¤¢vebv •ewkó¨- K) Ac~Y© wb‡qvM I AwaK Drcv`b
i) my‡hvM e¨q e¨vL¨v Kiv| L) c~Y© wb‡qvM I AwaK Drcv`b
M) m¤ú‡ì Ac~Y© eënvi I †eKviZ¡
ii) †eKviZ¡ m¤ú‡K© aviYv
N) m¤ú‡ì c~Y© eënvi I ‡eKviZ¡
iii) m¤ú‡ì mxgve×Zv cÖKvk
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 61 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
53| wbev©PbRwbZ mgm¨v¸‡jv n‡”Q-
i) Kx Drcv`b Kiv n‡e
ii) Kxfv‡e Drcv`b Kiv n‡e
iii) Kvi Rb¨ Drcv`b Kiv n‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 61| wP‡Îi †Kvb AÂjwU `y®úÖvc¨Zv wb‡`©kK?
54| A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Kg©chv©q n‡”Q- K) AB L) BE M) AC N) CE
i) Drcv`b ii) wewbgq iii) e›Ub wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 62 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 55 I 56 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt

62| X `ª‡e¨i Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j Y `ª‡e¨i Drcv`‡bi cwigvY KZ?

K) OC L) OB M) OA N) AB
55| av‡bi Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j cv‡Ui Drcv`b KZ? 63| Drcv`b m¤¢vebv ‡iLvi wfZ‡i C we›`y‡Z Drcv`b Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
K) O L) AB M) OA N) OB K) m¤ú‡ì c~Y© eënvi I †eKviZ¡
56| wP‡Îi †Kvb we›`ywU m¤ú‡ì Ac~Y© eënvi wb‡`©k K‡i? L) m¤ú‡ì Ac~Y© eënvi I c~Y© wb‡qvM
K) A L) B M) C N) D M) m¤ú‡ì c~Y© eënvi I c~Y© wb‡qvM
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 57 I 58 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: N) m¤ú‡ì Ac~Y© eënvi I †eKviZ¡
wb‡Pi wPÎwU †`‡L 64 I 65 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

64| M‡gi †Kvb we›`y‡Z m¤ú‡`i Ac~Y© e¨envi wb‡`©k K‡i?

57| wP‡Îi cÖ`wk©Z MN †iLvwUi bvg Kx? K) O L) AB M) OB N) OA
K) Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv L) mg Drcv`b †iLv
M) Pvwn`v †iLv N) ¯^qswµq `vg †iLv 65| wP‡Îi †Kvb we›`y‡Z m¤ú‡ì Ac~Y© eënvi wb‡`©k K‡i?
58|wP‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq- K) A L) B M) C N) D
i) †gvU e¨q ii) `ywU `ª‡eï mswgkÖY wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 66 I 67 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Drcv`b > wewbgq > e›Ub > †fvM
iii) KZUzKz Drcv`b Kiv n‡e
66| Dc‡ii Ô?Õ wPwýZ †Ìqv N‡i Kx emv‡j Zv mwVK n‡e?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) m¤ú`nxbZv
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
L) †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v
DÏxcKwU c‡o 59 I 60 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
M) Afve †gvP‡bi bvbv Kg© chv©q
17
N) Drcv`b c×wZ 84| A‡÷ªwjqvb †jevi cvwU© we‡k¦ me©cÖ_g KLb mgvRZvwš¿K `j wn‡m‡e
67| gvby‡li mKj cÖKvi A_©‣bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi g~‡j Kx? wbev©wPZ n‡qwQj?
K) Drcv`b L) Afve M) †fvM N) wbev©Pb K) 1870 mv‡j L) 1899 mv‡j M) 1917 mv‡j N) 1930 mv‡j
wb‡P wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 68 I 69 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 85| BRgv ev HKgZ¨ Bmjvwg AvB‡bi KZZg Drm?
K) 1g L) 2q M) 3q N) 4_©
86| A_©bxwZ‡Z ÔA`„k¨ nvZÕ aviYvwUi cÖe³v †K?
K) Gj. iweÝ L) A¨vWvg w¯§_ M) m¨vgy‡qjmb N) gvk©vj
87| Bmjvwg A_©bxwZi g~j Drm KqwU?
K) 2wU L) 3wU M) 4wU N) 5wU
88| we‡k¦ Kq ai‡bi A_©‣bwZK eë¯v cwiPvwjZ Av‡Q?
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
68| wP‡Î AB †iLvwU n‡jv- 89| abZ‡š¿i cÖvY †KvbwU?
K) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b †iLv L) mg-Drcv`b †iLv K) A_© L) kÖwgK M) gybvdv N) gvwjK
M) Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv N) µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †iLv 90| abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq †K›`ªxq cwiKíbv-
69| wP‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq- K) _v‡K L) _v‡K bv
i) †fv³vi Dc‡hvM ii) `ywU `ª‡eï wewfbœ mswgkÖY M) gv‡S gv‡S _v‡K N) ìKvi nq bv
iii) my‡hvM e¨q 91| abZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ‡Z †fv³vi cQ‡›ì Ici wb‡Pi †KvbwU wbf©i K‡i?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) Drcv`b eë¯v L) e›Ub eë¯v
K) i L) i I ii i) i I iii N) i, ii I iii M) wewb‡qvM N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
A_©‣bwZK eë¯’v mg~n A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi mgvavb 92| ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï `vg abZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ‡Z Kxfv‡e wba©vwiZ nq?
70|e¨w³MZ D‡`¨v‡Mi mev©waK ¯^vaxbZv †Kvb A_©eë¯vq i‡q‡Q? K) Drcv`K Øviv L) †µZv Øviv
K) cyuwRev`x L) wb‡`©kg~jK M) wgkÖ N) Bmjvwg M) Pvwn`v I †hvMvb Øviv N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
71|abZ‡š¿ A`„k¨ kw³‡K wK e‡j? 93| abZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ‡Z `vg cÖwµqv GKwU
K) miKvwi cwiKíbv L) `vg eë¯v K) ¯^qswµq eë¯v L) miKvwi eë¯v
M) Rbkw³ N) mvgvwRK Kj¨vY M) c~e©wba©vwiZ eë¯v N) wbqgZvwš¿K eë¯v
72| Bmjvwg A_©eë¯vq Áv‡bi g~j Drm KqwU? 94| mgvRZ‡š¿i cÖe³v †K?
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5 K) gvk©vj L) †nv wP wgb
73| Pvi ai‡bi A_©‣bwZK eë¯vq wb‡Pi †Kvb wel‡q mv`„k¨ †`Lv hvq? M) †P ¸‡qfviv N) Kvj© gvK©m Ges A¨v‡½jm
K) m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv L) kÖwg‡Ki Ae¯vb 95|wb‡Pi †Kvb eë¯v abZvwš¿K eë¯vi wVK wecixZ?
M) m¤ú‡ì Kvg¨ eënvi N) `vg cÖwµqv K) wgkÖ eë¯v L) mgvRZvwš¿K eë¯v
74| Ô‡kÖwY †kvlY Abycw¯ZÕ †Kvb A_©eë¯vi Ab¨Zg cÖavb •ewkó¨? M) Bmjvwg eë¯v N) meKqwUB
K) abZvwš¿K L) mgvRZvwš¿K M) wgkÖ N) Bmjvwg 96|mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ‡Z †`‡ki mKj ¯vei I A¯vei m¤úwËi gvwjK †K?
75| ¯^qswµq g~jëë¯v †Kvb A_©bxwZi cÖavb •ewkó¨? K) ivóª L) RbMY M) abx e¨w³iv N) meKqwUB
K) mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ L) cywRuev`x A_©bxwZ 97| ‡Kvb A_©‣bwZK eë¯v †kvlYnxb mgvR cÖwZôvq mnvqK?
M) Bmjvwg A_©bxwZ N) wgkÖ A_©bxwZ K) cyuwRev`x L) wgkÖ M) mgvRZvwš¿K N) Bmjvwg
76| hvKv‡Zi cwigvY m¤ú‡ì KZ kZvsk? 98|wgkÖ A_©bxwZ‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wkíKviLvbv¸‡jv mvaviYZ Kvi wbqš¿‡Y _v‡K?
K) 1.5% L) 2.5% M) 5% N) 10% K) RbM‡Yi L) miKv‡ii M) D‡`¨v³v‡ì N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
77| ‡Kvb A_©eë¯vq miKvwi I †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi Dcw¯wZ ¯^xK…Z? 99|wgkÖ A_©eë¯vq wb‡Pi †KvbwU cwijwÿZ nq?
K) abZvwš¿K L) wb‡`©kg~jK M) wgkÖ N) Bmjvwg K) kÖwg‡Ki c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv L) gy`ªvùxwZ
78| ‡K›`ªxq cwiKíbv †Kvb A_©eë¯vi •ewkó¨? M) miKvwi gybvdv N) meKqwUB
K) abZvwš¿K L) wb‡`©kg~jK M) wgkÖ N) Bmjvwg 100|wgkÖ A_©bxwZ‡Z †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi g~j jÿ¨ Kx _v‡K?
79| cÖPwjZ A_©eë¯v Ges Bmjvwg A_©eë¯vi g‡a¨ g~j cv_©K¨- K) RbKj¨vY L) miKv‡ii mn‡hvwMZv
K) g~j Drm gvbe I mgvR M) gybvdv AR©b N) meKqwUB
L) g~j Drm KziAvb I nvw`m 101| Bmjv‡gi †g․wjK wbqgKvby‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i M‡o IVvi
M) Agymwjg bvMwiK‡ì ¯^v_© msiÿY A_©‣bwZK Ae¯vB-
N) my`, Nyl, gRyZ`vwi †bB K) wgkÖ A_©eë¯v L) Bmjvwg
80| `ªe¨mvgMÖxi `vg evRvi cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g ¯^qswµqfv‡e wba©vwiZ nq A_©eë¯v
†Kvb A_©eë¯vq? M) mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯v N) cyuwRev`x A_©eë¯v
K) abZvwš¿K L) wb‡`©kg~jK M) wgkÖ N) Bmjvwg 102|‡Kvb A_©‣bwZK eë¯vi AcPq I wejvm‡K mg_©b Kiv nq bv?
81|hvKvZ †Kvb A_©eë¯vi Ab¨Zg •ewkó¨? K) Bmjvwg L) wgkÖ
K) cyuwRev`x L) wb‡`©kg~jK M) wgkÖ N) Bmjvwg M) mgvRZvwš¿K N) cyuwRev`x
82| ÔDrcv`‡bi g~j jÿ¨ gybvdv AR©bÕ †Kvb A_© eë¯vq? 103| ‡Kvb A_©‣bwZK eë¯v gvbe iwPZ eë¯v bq?
K) Bmjvwg L) wgkÖ M) abZvwš¿K N) wb‡`©kg~jK K) wgkÖ L) cyuwRev`x M) Bmjvwg N) mgvRZvwš¿K
83| wb‡Pi †KvbwU wb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯vi cÖavb ‣ewkó¨? 104|Bmjvwg eë¯vi g~j Drm †KvbwU?
K) A_©‣bwZK cwiKíbv L) m¤ú‡ì ivóªxq gvwjKvbv K) Av‡jgMY L) miKvi
M) †kÖwY •elg¨ n«vm N) wbqwš¿Z `vgeë¯v M) cweÎ KziAvb I mybvœ n N) meKqwUB

18
105| Bmjvwg A_©eë¯vq wb‡Pi †KvbwUi cÖwZ jÿ †i‡L e›Ub c×wZ K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
wba©viY Kiv nq? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 118 I 119 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) gybvdv L) gvby‡li mvwe©K Kj¨vY w`wjc Kzgvi m¨vi e‡j‡Qb, Ggb GKwU A_©eë¯v Av‡Q †hLv‡b `ywU ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
M) miKv‡ii mvwe©K Kj¨vY N) ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq A_©eë¯vi g‡a¨ mvgÄm¨ weavb Kiv nq| G A_©eë¯vq †eemiKvwi D‡`¨vM‡K
106|evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b wK ai‡bi A_©‣bwZK eë¯v Pvjy Av‡Q? DrmvwnZ Kiv nq, Avevi | miKvwi wbqš¿YI we`¨gvb|
K) mgvRZvwš¿K L) cywuRev`x M) wgkÖ N) Bmjvwg 118| w`wjc m¨vi †Kvb A_©eë¯vi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb?
107|EPZ gv‡b wK? K) abZvwš¿K L) wgkÖ M) BmjvwgK N) mgvRZvwš¿K
K) Avg`vwb cÖwµqvKiY AÂj L) ißvwb cÖwµqvKiY AÂj 119| w`wjc m¨vi †h A_©eë¯vi K_v e‡i‡Qb Zvi g‡a¨ †`Lv hvq-
M) Drcv`b cÖwµqvKiY AÂj N) wewb‡qvM cÖwµqvKiY AÂj i) e¨w³MZ I ivóªxq gvwjKvbv
108|wb‡`©kg~jK A_©bxwZ‡Z `ª‡eï `vg wba©vi‡Y f‚wgKv iv‡L- ii) Drcv`b, e›Ub I †fv‡Mi c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv
i) Drcv`K ii) Pvwn`v I †hvMvb iii) ivóª iii) gy`ªvùxwZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i L) ii M) iii N) i, ii I iii K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
109|gy³evRvi A_©bxwZ‡Z `ªe¨mvgMÖxi `vg wba©vwiZ nqwb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 120 I 121 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
i) evRvi Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi †h․_ wµqv cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g ‡R‡iU Ggb GKwU †`‡ki bvMwiK †hLv‡b RxebhvÎvi gvb DbœZ|
ii) ¯^qswµq `vg eë¯vi Øviv Drcv`bKvix I †fv³vi Aeva ¯^vaxbZv we`¨gvb| m¤úªwZ †R‡iU
iii) ‡K›`ªxq KZ©„c‡ÿi wb‡`©‡k GKwU †`k ågY Kij,†hLv‡b RbM‡Yi mvgvwRK wbivcËv LyeB fv‡jv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Ges †kÖwY †kvlY †bB|
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii 120| ‡R‡i‡Ui †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©eë¯v cÖPwjZ?
110| abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq- K) cyuwRev`x L) wb‡`©kg~jK M) Bmjvwg N) wgkÖ
i) mvgvwRK wbivcËv _v‡K ii) †eKviZ¡ we`¨gvb _v‡K 121| ågYK…Z †`‡ki A_©eë¯vi •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
iii) cwiKíbv nq MYgyLx i) mylg Dbœqb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii) Aeva cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii iii) e¨w³MZ gybvdv Abycw¯Z
111| ¯^qswµq `vg eë¯v †h A_©eë¯vi Ab¨Zg •ewkó¨- wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i) abZvwš¿K ii) mgvRZvwš¿K iii) wgkÖ K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 122 I 123 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii gvbvd mv‡ne X †`‡ki bvMwiK| wZwb åg‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ Y †`‡k G‡m
112| wb‡`©kg~jK A_©bxwZ‡Z- †`L‡jb e¨w³MZ cÖwZôv‡bi cvkvcvwk miKvwi cÖwZôvb i‡q‡Q| ZLb
i) †kÖwY ‡kvlY Abycw¯Z ii) DcKi‡Yi e¨w³ gvwjKvbv gvbvd mv‡ne ej‡jb-Avgvi †`‡k mKj cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjKvbv
iii) †K›`ªxq cwiKíbv AbymiY miKv‡ii wbqš¿‡Y _v‡K|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 122| X †`‡ki A_©eë¯vi cÖK…wZ Kxiƒc?
K) i L) ii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii K) abZvwš¿K L) wb‡`©kg~jK M) Bmjvwg N) wgkÖ
113| abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vi Ab¨Zg •ewkó¨ n‡jv- 123| X †`‡ki A_©eë¯v I Y †`‡ki A_©eë¯vi cv_©K¨ h_vµ‡g-
i) Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi mgš^‡q `vg wba©viY i) ¯^qswµq `vg eë¯v I wbqwš¿Z `vgeë¯v
ii) gybvdv bq eis Kj¨v‡Yi wfwË‡Z `vg wba©viY ii) gy`ªvùxwZ Abycw¯Z Aciw`‡K gy`ªvùxwZi Dcw¯wZ
iii) Drcv`bKvix‡ì g‡a¨ Aeva cÖwZ‡hvwMZv iii) RbKj¨vY wbwðZ Aciw`‡K gybvdv AR©b
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
114| abZ‡š¿i •ewkó¨ n‡”Q- wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU 124 I 125 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
i) e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv ii) cÖwZ‡hvwMZv iii) gybvdvi D‡Ïk¨ Pxb I evsjv‡`‡ki A_©eë¯vi wfbœZv jÿ Kiv hvq| Px‡b e¨w³MZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? gvwjKvbvi †P‡q ivóªxq gvwjKvbv ‡ewk cÖvavb¨ cvq| evsjv‡`‡k Pig
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii Avq •elg¨ Av‡Q|
115| mgvRZ‡š¿i •ewkó¨ n‡jv- 124| Pxb †`‡ki A_©eë¯v †Kvb ai‡bi?
i) ivóªxq gvwjKvbv ii) mvgvwRK wbivcËv iii) Av‡qi c~Y© e›Ub K) abZvwš¿K L) mgvRZvwš¿K M) wgkÖ N) Bmjvwg
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 125| evsjv‡`‡ki A_©eë¯v †Kvb ai‡bi?
K) abZvwš¿K L) mgvRZvwš¿K M) wgkÖ N) Bmjvwg
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
DÏxcKwU co Ges 126 I 127 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
116| Bmjvwg A_©eë¯vi •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
wg. iweb ÔKÕ †`‡ki GKRb mvsevw`K| wZwb ÔLÕ †`‡k wM‡q †`L‡jb
i) ‣bwZK DbœwZ ii) kÖ‡gi ghv©`v iii) Aeva wejvm
†mLv‡b gvbyl gnvb Avjøvni ing‡Z fv‡jv Av‡Qb| †mLv‡b gy`ªvùxwZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†hgb †bB, †Zgwb e›Ub eë¯vqI †Kv‡bv •elg¨ †bB| wKš‧ Zvi wbR
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii †`‡k G `y‡Uvi •elg¨ Pigfv‡e wecixZagx©|
117| evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK eë¯vi •ewkó¨¸‡jv n‡jv- 126| ÔKÕ †`‡k Kxiƒc A_©eë¯v we`¨gvb?
i) miKvwi I †emiKvwi wewb‡qvM K) Bmjvwg L) mgvRZvwš¿K M) abZvwš¿K N) wgkÖ
ii) `vg eë¯v 127| ÔKÕ †`‡ki •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
iii) kÖwg‡Ki ¯^v_© msiÿY i) kÖgwefv‡Mi m‡ev©”PKiY N‡U
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
19
ii) cÖ‡Z¨K Drcv`K b~¨bZg e¨‡qi mev©waK cwigvY Drcv`b K‡i 139|Micro k‡ãi A_© Kx?
iii) G mgv‡R †eKviZ¡ _vK‡Z cv‡i bv K) ÿz`ª L) e„nr M) e¨wóK N) mvgwóK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 140| ‡Kv‡bv GKK e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i †Kvb A_©bxwZ?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) wb‡`©kg~jK A_©bxwZ L) abZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 128 I 129 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: M) e¨wóK A_©bxwZ N) mvgwóK A_©bxwZ
A †`‡k Mv‡g©›Um wk‡í A‡b‡K wewb‡qvM K‡i jvfevb n‡”Qb| 141| me©cÖ_g e¨wóK I mvgwóK kã `ywU †K eënvi K‡ib?
m¤úªwZ G wk‡íi AwaKvi msiÿ‡Y miKvi b~¨bZg gRywi wba©viY K) A¨vWvg w¯§_ L) gvk©vj M) i¨vMbvi wd«k N) m¨vgy‡qjmb
K‡i‡Q| kÖwgK‡ì Kv‡R AvMÖn evo‡Q| 142| AvaywbKKv‡j A_©bxwZwe`MY A_©‣bwZK we‡kølY‡K KZwU w`K
128| DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi A_©eë¯vi Bw½Z cvIqv hvq? †_‡K we‡ePbv K‡i _v‡Kb?
K) abZvwš¿K L) wb‡`©kg~jK M) wgkÖ N) Bmjvwg K) GKwU L) `ywU M) wZbwU N) PviwU
129| A‡b‡KB Mv‡g©›U‡m wewb‡qvM K‡i‡Qb| KviYÑ 143| ‡Kv‡bv A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v‡K GKK ev e¨w³i `„wó‡KvY †_‡K
i) `ÿ kÖwg‡Ki †hvMvb ‡e‡o‡Q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡j Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
ii) Awbqwš¿Z gybvdvi my‡hvM Av‡Q K) mvgwóK A_©bxwZ L) e¨wóK A_©bxwZ
iii) m¤ú‡ì e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv ¯^xK…Z M) e¨vw³K A_©bxwZ N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 144| ‡Kv‡bv A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v‡K mvgwMÖK ev RvZxq `„wó‡KvY †_‡K
Av‡jvPbv ev we‡kølY Kiv n‡j Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) mvgwóK A_©bxwZ L) e¨wóK A_©bxwZ
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 130 I 131 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
kvgxg mv‡ne GKRb K‡jR wkÿK| we‡qi mgq wZwb Rgv‡bv UvKv w`‡q M) g~j¨vqb A_©bxwZ N) RvZxq A_©bxwZ
†mvbvi Mnbv µq K‡i Zvi ¯¿x‡K Dcnvi †`b| cieZx©‡Z wZwb Mnbvi 145| A_©bxwZ‡K ÿz`ªvs‡k wef³ K‡i we‡køl‡Yi bvgB n‡jvÑ
Rb¨ cweÎ C‡` Mwie‡ì g‡a¨ wbw`©ó nv‡i A_© weZiY K‡ib| K) mvgwóK A_©bxwZ L) ÿz`ª A_©bxwZ
130| kvgxg mv‡n‡ei A_© weZiY ‡Kvb aviYvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? M) e¨wóK A_©bxwZ N) mvgwMÖK A_©bxwZ
K) hvKvZ Av`vq Kiv 146| A_©bxwZi GKwU ÿz`ªvs‡k cvV Kiv nqÑ
L) wbR¯^ m¤ú` gvby‡li g‡a¨ wewj‡q †Ìqv K) Micro A_©bxwZ‡Z L) Macro A_©bxwZ‡ZÕ
M) gvbwmK Z…wß Av`vq M) `ywU‡ZB N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
N) wdZiv Av`vq Kiv 147| Òe¨wóK A_©bxwZ †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó dvg©, †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cwievi GKK
131|kvgxg mv‡n‡ei UvKv Rgv‡bvi welqwU A_©bxwZi †Kvb kvLvq `ªe¨g~j¨, gRywi, Avq, GKK wkí cÖwZôvb Ges wbw`©ó `ªe¨ m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvwPZ n‡e? Av‡jvPbv K‡i|Ó gšÍe¨wU Kvi?
K) mvgwóK A_©bxwZ L) e¨wóK A_©bxwZ K) †Kqvb©µm L) †K. B. †evwÛi M) w÷MvwjUm N) cviwKb
M) we‡kl A_©bxwZ N) mvaviY A_©bxwZ 148| wb‡Pi †KvbwU e¨wóK A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq bq?
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 132 I 133 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) GKwU dv‡g©i gybvdv m‡ev©”PKi‡Yi kZv©ewj
iv‡mj mv‡ne wKDevq _v‡Kb| wZwb †m ‡`‡k GKwU miKvwi cÖwZôv‡b L) GKRb e¨w³i mviv gv‡mi wnmve
PvKwi K‡ib| Zvi Kv‡Q eëmv Kivi g‡Zv chv©ß A_© _vK‡jI wZwb M) GKwU cvwievwiK ev‡RU
†m †`‡k eëmv Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| KviY †mLv‡b meB miKvi N) RvZxq ev‡RU
wbqš¿Y K‡i| 149|A_©bxwZ‡Z Kv‡K mvgwóK A_©bxwZi RbK ejv nq?
132|iv‡mj mv‡ne †h †`‡k _v‡Kb †m †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©eë¯v K) gvkv©j L) cviwKb M) Kzqv›U N) †KBbm
we`¨gvb? 150|ÔmvgwóK A_©bxwZÕ kãwU †Kvb kãwU †_‡K ‡bIqv?
K) abZvwš¿K L) wb‡`©kg~jK M) wgkÖ N) Bmjvwg K) Makros L) Mikros M) Mckros N) Mikross
133|D³ †`‡ki A_©bxwZi •ewkó¨ n‡jv- 151| Ô ' Makros ' k‡ãi A_© Kx?
i) †K›`ªxq cwiKíbv KZ©„cÿ K) ÿz`ª L) AwZ ÿz`ª M) e„nr N) mgvb
ii) †kvlbnxb mgvR eë¯v 152| ÒmvgwóK A_©bxwZ mvgwMÖK welqvw`, †hgb- †gvU Kg©ms¯vb, RvZxq
iii) gy`ªvùxwZi Dcw¯wZ Avq cÖf…wZ Av‡jvPbv K‡i|Ó Ñ Dw³wU Kvi?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) gvkv©j L) †nÛvimb I KzqvbU
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii M) m¨vgy‡qjmb N) cviwKb
153|ÒmvgwóK‡K ev` w`‡q †hgb e¨wó‡Ki Av‡jvPbv m¤úbœ nq bv,‡Zgwb
e¨wóK I mvgwóK A_©bxwZi aviYv
134|A_©‣bwZK NUbv‡K ÿz`ª ÿz`ª GK‡K we‡kølY Kiv‡K wK e‡j? e¨wóK‡K ev` w`‡q mvgwó‡Ki Av‡jvPbvI Am¤ú~Y©|Ó Dw³wU Kvi?
K) mvgwóK A_©bxwZ L) cyuwRev`x A_©bxwZ K) gvkv©j L) †Kqvb©µm M) evUjvi N) cj m¨vgy‡qjmb
M) e¨wóK A_©bxwZ N) mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ 154|mvgwóK A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq n‡jvÑ
135|e¨wóK kãwUi Bs‡iwR Micro kãwU G‡m‡Q †Kvb kã †_‡K? i) RvZxq Avq ii) my‡ì nvi iii) dv‡g©i gybvdv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) Micro L) Mikro
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) Mickro N) Mikros
155| e¨wóK I mvgwóK A_©bxwZ h_vµ‡g-
136| ‡KvbwU‡Z GKwU †`‡ki A_©bxwZi mvgwMÖK wPÎ cvIqv hvq??
K) Dbœqb A_©bxwZ L) AvšÍ©RvwZK A_©bxwZ i) wMÖK kã MIKROS I MAKROS n‡Z D™¢e n‡q‡Q
M) e¨wóK A_©bxwZ N) mvgwóK A_©bxwZ ii) A_©bxwZi e„nr I ÿz`ª welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i
137| e¨wóK A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq bq- iii) A_©bxwZi AvswkK I c~Y©v½ wPÎ cÖKvk K‡i
K) wb‡qvM L) `ª‡eï `vg M) e¨w³i Avq N) dv‡g©i Avq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
138|A_©bxwZ‡Z MICRO Ges MACRO kã `ywU‡K me©cÖ_g eënvi K‡ib? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) gvk©vj L) i¨vMbvi wd«k M) ivMbvi bvK©m N) fvBbvi
20
156|mvgwóK A_©bxwZ‡Z we‡kølY Kiv nqÑ 17. ‡h A_©bxwZ‡Z miKvwi I †emiKvwi D‡`¨vM cvkvcvwk Ae¯vb K‡i
i) mvgwóK ii) RvZxq iii) e¨w³MZ Zv‡K e‡j- wgkª A_©bxwZ|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 18. ‡h A_© eë¯vq mvgvwRK wbqš¿Y eRvq _v‡K- wgkÖ A_© eë¯vq|
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 19. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvi †gqv`Kvj- 1973-78|
DËicÎ 20. evsjv‡`k miKvi RvZxqKiY bxwZ MÖnY K‡i - 1972 mv‡ji gvP© gv‡m|
1.K 2.K 3.K 4.L 5.M 6.L 21. ‡h A_©bxwZ e¨w³, cÖwZôvb I ms¯v wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i Zv‡K e‡j
7.L 8.L 9.M 10.L 11.K 12.L - Ôe¨wóK A_©bxwZÕ|
22. ‡h A_©bxwZ, A_©eë¯vi mvgwMÖK we‡kølY cÖ`vb K‡i Zv n‡jv -
13.N 14.K 15.M 16.K 17.N 18.M mvgwóK A_©bxwZ|
19.L 20.K 21.L 22.M 23.K 24.K 23. Macro (g¨v‡µv) kãwUi A_© n‡jv- e„nr ev eo|
25.M 26.M 27.M 28.L 29.K 30.N 24. ‡Kvb `k‡K evsjv‡`k wgkÖ A_© eë¯vq cÖ‡ek K‡i- Avwki `k‡K|
31.N 32.K 33.N 34.M 35.L 36.K 25. GWvg w¯§_ A_©bxwZ m¤ú‡K© †h MÖ‡š Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb- 'Wealth
37.N 38.K 39.K 40.K 41.K 42.L of Nations'|
43.M 44.K 45.K 46.L 47.N 48.N 26. GWvg w¯§_ A_©bxwZ‡K e‡j‡Qb- m¤ú‡ì weÁvb|
49.K 50.N 51.N 52.N 53.N 54.N
weMZ mv‡j wek¦we`¨vj‡q Avmv “MCQ”
55.N 56.M 57.K 58.M 59.K 60.M
wfwWI K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
61.N 62.M 63.N 64.K 65.M 66.M
67.L 68.M 69.N 70.K 71.L 72.M
73.M 74.L 75.L 76.L 77.M 78.L
79.L 80.K 81.N 82.M 83.L 84.L
85.M 86.L 87.M 88.M 89.M 90.L
91.K 92.M 93.K 94.N 95.L 96.K
97.M 98.L 99.L 100.M 101.L 102.K
103.M 104.M 105.L 106.M 107.L 108.M
109.K 110.K 111.L 112.M 113.M 114.N Abykxjbx cvV-3 (weMZ mv‡j Avmv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖkœ)
115.N 116.K 117.M 118.L 119.N 120.K PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq
121.L 122.L 123.M 124.L 125.M 126.M
1. evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK eë¯’v n‡”Q- [CU-D: 21-22]
127.K 128.M 129.L 130.K 131.L 131.L K) evRvi A_©‣bwZK eë¯v L) wgkÖ A_©‣bwZK eë¯v
133.N 134.M 135.N 136.N 137. 138.L M) mgvRZvwš¿K A_©‣bwZK eë¯v N) BmjvwgK A_©‣bwZK eë¯v
K DËi: L, mgvavb: ‡h A_©eë¯v abZš¿ I mgvRZ‡š¿i `ye©jZv
139.K 140.M 141.M 142.L 143.L 144.K cwiZ¨vM K‡i Ges ¸Y¸‡jv MÖnY K‡i M‡o I‡V, Zv‡K wgkÖ
145.M 146.K 147.L 148.N 149.N 150.K A_©‣bwZK e‡j| evsjv‡`k, fviZ, cwK¯Ívbmn A‡bK †`‡k wgkÖ
151.M 152.L 153.N 154.K 155.L 156.K A_©‣bwZK eë¯v we`¨gvb| G eë¯vq m¤ú‡ì miKvwi I e¨w³MZ
Dfq gvwjKvbv we`¨gvb|
Zzwg Avgvi (wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© cixÿv) 2. ‡KvbwU e¨wóK A_©bxwZi PjK? [CU-D: 21-22]
1. A_©bxwZ GK ai‡bi- mvgvwRK weÁvb|
K) wb‡qvM ¯Íi L) miKvwi e¨q
2. gvby‡li †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v n‡jv- `y®úªvc¨Zv I wbe©vPb|
M) Pv‡ji `vg N) `vg ¯Íi
3. A_©bxwZ‡Z `y®úÖvc¨Zv n‡jv- m¤ú‡ì ¯^íZv ev AcÖvPzh©Zv|
DËi: M, mgvavb: A_©bxwZi cÖwZwU Pj‡Ki/GK‡Ki AvPiY I
4. m¤ú` n‡jv- `ªe¨ mvgMÖx, f‚wg, kÖg, g~jab I msMVb|
Kvh©Kjvc hLb c„_K c„_Kfv‡e we‡kølY Kiv nq, ZLb Zv‡K e¨wóK
5. mxwgZ m¤ú` w`‡q Amxg Afve c~i‡Yi Rb¨ gvby‡li †h KqwU wel‡q
A_©bxwZ e‡j| †hgb: Pv‡ji `vg, e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v, †hvMvb, Avq
wbe©vPb Ki‡Z nq- wZbwU|
BZ¨vw`| wKš‧ wb‡qvM ¯Íi, miKvwi e¨q, I `vg¯Íi n‡jv mvgwóK
6. gvby‡li Afve Amxg wKš‧ Afve c~i‡Yi DcKiY- mxwgZ|
A_©bxwZi Ask|
7. GKwU `ª‡eï AwZwi³ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Aci `ª‡eï Drcv`b hZUzKz
3. ÔOikonomiaÕ kãwUi A_© Kx? [CU-D: 21-22]
†Q‡o w`‡Z nq ZvB n‡jv- my‡hvM e¨q|
K) cwievi cwiKíbv L) evwYwR¨K eë¯vcbv
8. gvbe Rxe‡bi †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Kg©ch©vq- PviwU|
M) miKvwi eë¯vcbv N) Avw_©K eë¯vcbv
9. gvby‡li mKj Kg©cÖ‡Póvi g~j jÿ¨ n‡jv - Afve c~iY|
DËi: K, mgvavb: Oikonomia GKwU wMÖK kã| Oikos Gi A_©
10. A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi cÖ_g ch©vq n‡jv- Drcv`b|
11. A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †kl chv©q n‡jv- †fvM| M„n ev cwievi Ges nomia A_© eë¯vcbv| myZivs Oikonomia
12. `ªe¨ †fv³vi KZUzKz Afve c~iY Ki‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i- eÈ‡bi Ici| wMÖK kãwUi A_© cwievi eë¯vcbv ev cwievi cwiKíbv|
13. abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq mewKQzi wba©viK- ¯^qswµq `vg eë¯v ev g~j¨|
14. ‡h ai‡bi A_©eë¯vq †fv³vi ¯^vaxbZv me©vwaK ¯^xK…Z- abZvwš¿K 4. ‡KvbwU mvgwóK A_©‣bwZK PjK? [CU-D: 21-22]
K) e¨w³MZ Avq L) e¨w³MZ mÂq
A_©eë¯vq|
M) Kj‡gi `vg N) `vg¯Íi
15. abZvwš¿K A_© eë¯vq †h ÔA`„k¨ n¯ÍÕ mewKQz wbqš¿Y K‡i Zvi bvg-
`vg eë¯v| DËi: N, mgvavb: A_©bxwZi AvIZvfy³ †Kv‡bv welq‡K hLb mvgwMÖK
16. mgvRZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq mKj m¤ú‡ì gvwjK- ivóª| ev RvZxq ch©v‡q we‡kølY Kiv nq, ZLb Zv‡K mvgwóK A_©bxwZ ev
Macro Economics e‡j| Gi A_©‣bwZK PjK¸‡jv n‡jv:
21
`vg¯Íi, gRywi¯Íi, mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v, mvgwMÖK †hvMvb BZ¨vw`| M) m¤ú` Kxfv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e Zv Avgv‡ì cQ›` Ki‡Z nq
Ab¨w`‡K e¨w³MZ Avq, e¨w³MZ mÂq I Kj‡gi `vg n‡jv e¨wóK N) Dc‡ii me¸‡jv
A_©bxwZi PjK| DËi: N, mgvavb: mxwgZ m¤ú`, m¤ú‡ì weKí eënvi Ges mxwgZ
5. hy‡×i Kvi‡Y BD‡µ‡b A‡bK KviLvbv aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q Ges A‡bK DcKiY w`‡q cQ›` Abyhvqx †Kvb `ªe¨ KZUzKz Drcv`b Kiv n‡e Zv
†jvK gviv †M‡Q| hy× cieZx© BD‡µ‡bi Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv eY©bv Kivi Rb¨ AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe`MY Ômy‡hvM e¨qÕ (Opportunity
(PPC) m¤ú‡K© wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨? [CU-D: 21-22] cost) aviYvwUi AeZviYv K‡ib| A_©bxwZ‡Z my‡hvM e¨q ej‡Z, †Kvb
K) hy× cieZ©x PPC g~jwe›`y n‡Z `~‡i m‡i hv‡e `ª‡eï AwZwi³ Drcv`b cvIqvi Rb¨ GKwU `ª‡eï Drcv`b hZUzKz
L) hy× cieZ©x PPC g~jwe›`yi Kv‡Q Avm‡e Z¨vM Ki‡Z nq Zv‡KB †evSvq|
M) hy× cieZ©x PPC -Gi †Kv‡bv w`K cwieZ©b n‡e bv 11. wb‡Pi ZvwjKvq †Kvb Rb aªæc`x A_©bxwZwe`? [CU-D: 18-19]
N) hy× cieZ©x PPC -Gi w`K cwieZ©b m¤ú‡K© wKQz ejv hv‡e bv K) ‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v L) _gvm g¨vj_vm
DËi:L,mgvavb: Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv (Production Possibility M) Rb ÷zqvU© wgj N) Dc‡ii mevB
Curve) Ggb GKwU we›`yi mÂvic_ hv ‡Kv‡bv mgv‡Ri we`¨gvb DËi: N
m¤ú‡ì `y¯úªvc¨Zv I Afv‡ei wbe©vPb mv‡c‡ÿ Drcv`‡bi `ywU 12. ‡g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v D`¢‡ei KviY n‡”Q, [CU-D: 18-29]
`ª‡eï mKj m¤¢ve¨ mswgkÖY wb‡`©k K‡i| hy‡×i Kvi‡Y BD‡µ‡bi K) m¤ú` I Afve DfqB mxwgZ
A‡bK †jvK gviv hvIqv I KviLvbv aŸsm nIqvi Kvi‡Y BD‡µ‡bi L) m¤ú` A‡Xj wKš‧ Afve Amxg
¯^vfvweK I `ÿ Drcv`b eë¯v e¨vnZ n‡e hv Drcv`b m¤¢vebv M) m¤ú` mxwgZ wKš‧ Afve Amxg
†iLvi AR©b‡hvM¨ wKš‧ m¤ú‡ì AeëüZ _vKv †evSv‡e ZvB N) wKQz †`‡k m¤ú` A‡Xj wKš‧ Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k m¤ú` mxwgZ
Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv g~j we›`yi Kv‡Q P‡j Avm‡e| DËi: M, mgvavb: mgv‡R gvby‡li Afve Amxg wKš‧ m¤ú` mxwgZ|
6. m¤ú` AcÖZzj n‡e hw` [CU-D: 20-21] A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi m~ÎcvZ nq Amxg Afve Ges †mB Afve c~i‡Yi
K) GwU †ewk cwigv‡Y bv _v‡K mxwgZ DcKiY †_‡K| ¯^íZvi we‡kølY m¤ú‡K© Kvj© †gbRvi 1872
L) GwUi cÖ‡qvRb bv _v‡K mv‡j ¯úófv‡e e³e¨ †`b|
M) GwU hZUzKz Av‡Q gvbyl Zvi †P‡q ‡ewk Pvq 13. AvaywbK mvgwóK A_©bxwZi RbK †K? [CU-D: 18-29]
N) gvbyl hZUzKz Pvq GwU Zvi‡P‡q ‡ewk Av‡Q K) Adam Smith L) Alfred Marshall
DËi: M, mgvavb: gvbeRxe‡bi cÖZ¨vkv, Afve, Pvwn`v, AvKv•ÿv, M) David Ricardo N) J. M. Keynes
Acwimxg wKš‧ G Acwimxg Afve c~i‡Yi ÿgZv Z_v m¤ú` mxwgZ| DËi: N, mgvavb: J.M Keynes KZ…©K 1936 mv‡j The
ZvB mKj cÖKvi m¤ú‡ì g~‡j Av‡Q m¤ú‡ì ¯^íZv I `y¯úªvc¨Zv| General Theory of Employment, Interest and Mony
7. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mvgwóK A_©‣bwZK PjK bq? [CU-D: 20-21] MÖš cÖKvwkZ nIqvi ci mvgwóK A_©bxwZi ¸iæZ¡ e„w× cvq| 1933
K) `vg¯Íi L) Pv Drcv`b M) ‡eKvi‡Z¡i nvi N) g~j¨ùxwZ mv‡j ivMbvi wd«k A_©bxwZ‡K e¨wóK I mvgwóK `yB fv‡M fvM
DËi: L, mgvavb: mvgwóK k‡ãi Bs‡iwR kã Marcro Ges wMÖK K‡ib| Adam Smith ‡K A_©bxwZi RbK ejv nq|
kã Markos hvi evsjv A_© eo ev mvgwMÖK| A_©bxwZi AvIZvfz³ 14. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mvgwóK A_©‣bwZK PjK? [CU-D: 18-29]
†Kvb welq‡K hLb mvgwMÖK ev RvZxq ch©v‡q we‡kølY Kiv nq, ZLb K) `vg¯Íi L) †eKvi‡Z¡i nvi
Zv‡K mvgwóK A_©bxwZ e‡j| mvgwóK A_©bxwZ‡Z c~Y© wb‡qvM †eKvi M) RvZxq Avq N) Dc‡ii me¸‡jv
mgm¨v,mvgwóK eÈb aviYv,A_©‣bwZK cÖe„w×, gy`ªvùxwZ, gy`ªv DËi: N, mgvavb: mvgwóK A_©‣bwZK PjK¸‡jv n‡jv RvZxq Avq,
ms‡KvPb,gy³-evRvi A_©bxwZ,evwYR¨ P‡µi DÌvb-cZbmn RvZxq mÂq, RvZxq wewb‡qvM, mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v, mvgwMÖK †hvMvb, g~j¨¯Íi
A_©‣bwZK Rxe‡bi mvgwMÖK Dbœqb Kg©KvÐ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq| †gvU e¨q, A_©‣bwZK cÖe„w×, gy`ªvùxwZ, gy`ªv ms‡KvPb cÖe„wZ|
8. A_©bxwZ cv‡Vi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv- [CU-D: 20-21] 15. Adam Smith Gi g‡Z ÒA`„k¨ n¯ÍÓ n‡”Q, [CU-D: 18-29]
K) g›`vi mgm¨v mgvavb Kiv K) gy³ evRvi
L) g~j¨ùxwZ wbqš¿Y Kiv L) miKvi
M) †eKviZ¡ Kgv‡bv M) gvby‡li mü`qZv
N) mxwgZ m¤ú‡ì mv‡_ Amxg Afv‡ei mgš^q Kiv N) cyuwRev`x eë¯vq eëmv cÖwZôv‡bi D`vnviY
DËi: N, mgvavb: cÖ‡Z¨K mgv‡R Drcv`‡bi DcKiY¸‡jv AcÖZzj| DËi: K, mgvavb: Adam Smith Zvui ÔThe Wealth of
AcÖZzj m¤ú`‡K Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ †ÿ‡Î Kxfv‡e eënvi Kiv n‡e NationsÕ MÖ‡š A`„k¨ n¯Í K_vwUi D‡jøL K‡ib| A`„k¨ n¯Í ej‡Z
Kxfv‡e mgv‡Ri mKj m`‡mï g‡a¨ eÈb Kiv n‡e, mxwgZ m¤ú‡ì Ggb GKwU evRvi eë¯v †evSvq †hLv‡b miKv‡ii wewawb‡la QvovB
mvnv‡h¨ Kxfv‡e Amxg Afve c~iY Kiv n‡e, GB welq¸‡jv A_©bxwZ †µZv I we‡µZv Zv‡ì AvPiY wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i|
cvV †_‡K wbw`©ó K‡i Rvbv hvq| 16. A_©kv‡¯¿i RbK wn‡m‡e Kv‡K we‡ePbv Kiv nq? [CU-D: 18-29]
9. A_©bxwZweìv wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K f~wg wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡ib? [CU- K) Adam Smith L) Alfred Marshall
D: 20-21] M) David Ricardo N) Milton Friedman
K) mgy`ª L) mgy‡`ªi gvQ DËi: K, mgvavb: 1776 mv‡j A¨vWvg w¯§_ Zvui, ÔAn Inquiry
M) K…wl f~wg N) Dc‡ii me¸‡jv Into the Nature and Causes of Wealth of NationÕ MÖ‡š
DËi: N, mgvavb: Drcv`‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i Ggb me cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`‡K A_©kv¯¿ wb‡q e¨vcK Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| Avi AvaywbK A_©bxwZi RbK
A_©bxwZ‡Z f~wg ejv nq| K…wl f~wg, gvwU, LwbR `ªe¨, ebR m¤ú`, cj m¨vgy‡qjmb|
mgy`,ª mgy‡`ªi gvQ, m~h©wKiY, e„wócvZ, AvenvIqv cÖf…wZ cÖvK…wZK 17. wb‡Pi †KvbwU BwZevPK wee„wZ bq? [CU-D: 18-29]
m¤ú`‡K A_©bxwZweìv f~wgi AšÍf~©³ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡ib| A_©vr K) `~lY dv‡g©i LiP e„w× K‡i
f~wg n‡jv Drcv`‡bi GKwU Avw` I †g․wjK Drcv`b| L) `vg Kg‡j Pvwn`vi cwigvY ev‡o
10. my‡hvM e¨q Gi D™¢‡ei KviY n‡”QÑ [CU-D: 20-21] M) †c‡Uªvj †h‡nZz wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq ZvB †c‡Uªv‡ji Dci Kiv‡ivc
K) m¤ú` AcÖZzj Kiv DwPZ bq
L) m¤ú` Gi weKí eënvi Av‡Q N) K, L Ges M
22
DËi: M, mgvavb: A_©bxwZi †h Ask •bwZK g~j¨‡ev‡ai wfwË‡Z (Invisible hand) Øviv cwiPvwjZ I wbqwš¿Z| ZvB ejv hvq,
wewfbœ e³e¨ Dc¯vcb Kiv nq †mUvB bxwZevPK A_©bxwZ| abZvwš¿K A_©bxwZi evRvi eë¯vq †h A`„k¨ nvZ e¨w³i
18. wb‡Pi †KvbwU e¨wóK A_©‣bwZK PjK bq? [CU-D: 18-29] Kg©cÖ‡Póv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i cY¨-‡mevi `vg wba©viY K‡i Zv‡K `vg
K) Kjvi `vg L) Pv‡ji Drcv`b cÖwµqv/`vg eë¯v e‡j| GB A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi eë¯vi Dci
M) g~j¨ùxwZ N) evUvi †`vKv‡b RyZvi gRyZ miKvwi n¯Í‡ÿc _v‡K bv|
DËi: M, mgvavb: Kjvi `vg, Pv‡ji Drcv`b, evUvi †`vKv‡b RyZvi 24. ‡g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v KqwU? [CoU: 2018-19]
gRyZ e¨wóK A_©‣bwZK PjK| g~jZ e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v, †hvMvb, Avq, K) 2wU L) 4wU M) 3wU N) 5wU
†fvM, mÂq, wewb‡qvM Ges †Kv‡bv GKwU Drcv`b cÖwZôv‡bi Avq DËi: M
e¨q, gybvdv cÖf…wZ e¨wóK A_©bxwZi D`vniY wn‡m‡e we‡eP¨| ZvB C e¨vL¨v: ‡g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v 3wU| h_v-
mwVK DËi|  Kx Drcv`b Kiv n‡e|
19. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mvgwóK A_©‣bwZK PjK? [CU-D: 18-29]  Kxfv‡e Drcv`b Kiv n‡e|
K) µxov mvgMÖxi `vg L) M‡elYv fvZv  Kvi Rb¨ Drcv`b Kiv n‡e|
M) wewb‡qvM N) wUDkb wd 25. ‣ewk¦K †cÖÿv‡cU A_©bxwZi g~j PvwjKv kw³ n‡jv- [CoU: 2018-19]
O) •Zwi †cvkvK wk‡í kÖwgK‡ì gRywi K) •e‡`wkK evwYR¨ L) cÖhyw³ Dbœqb
DËi: M, mgvavb: mvgwóK A_©‣bwZK PjKmg~n mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v, M) gvbe m¤ú` N) A_©‣bwZK cÖe„w×
mvgwMÖK ‡hvMvb, mvgwMÖK †fvM, mvaviY g~j¨¯Íi, gRywi ¯Íi, RvZxq DËi: K
Avq, mvgwMÖK wewb‡qvM e¨q, RvZxq mÂq, wb‡qvM ¯Íi cÖf…wZ| e¨vL¨v: ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz Z_¨-
20. A_©bxwZ‡Z 'evQvB' Acwinvh©, KviY- [CU-C2 : 16-17]  AvšÍR©vwZK evwY‡Rï cÖ_g m~ÎcvZ N‡U Avwd«Kv †_‡K BD‡ivc I
K) m¤ú` Amxg L) m¤ú` mxgve× Av‡gwiKvq `vm (Slave) wewµi gva¨‡g|
M) m¤ú‡ì eûwe` eënvi i‡q‡Q N) L I M  AvšÍR©vwZK evwY‡Rï g~j wfwË n‡jv AvšÍR©vwZK kÖgwefvM I
O) ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq we‡klxKiY|
DËi: N  AvšÍR©vwZK evwY‡Rï `ywU w`K Av‡Q| h_v: ißvwb evwYR¨, Avg`vwb evwYR¨|
e¨vL¨v: A_©bxwZ‡Z ÔevQvBÕ Acwinvh© ‡Kbbv gvby‡li Rxe‡b Afve Amxg
 AvšÍR©vwZK evwYR¨‡K wbqš¿‡Yi w`K †_‡K `ywU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
Ges m¤ú` mxwgZ| GB Amxg Afve Ges m¤ú‡ì mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡YB
h_v: Aeva evwYR¨ I msiwÿZ evwYR¨|
gvbyl evQvB Ki‡Z eva¨ nq|
 ‣ewk¦K †cÖÿvc‡U A_©bxwZi g~j PvwjKv kw³ n‡jv •e‡`wkK evwYR¨|
21. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwUi mv‡_ trade-off RwoZ? [CU-C2 : 15-16]
K) QywUi w`b we‡K‡j dyUej ‡Ljv ‡`Lv 26 ‡KvbwU m¤ú‡ì •ewkó¨? [CoU: 2015-16]
K) Dc‡hvM L) Nievwo
L) iv‡Z Nygv‡bv
M) b`xi cvwb N) eëmv‡qi mybvg
M) wek¦we`¨vj‡q ‡jLvcov Kiv
N) GKwU bZyb Mvwo ‡Kbv DËi: K
e¨vL¨v: m¤ú‡ì g~j •ewkó¨ 4wU:
O) D‡jøwLZ mKj Kg©KvÛ
 Dc‡hvM  AcÖvPzh©Zv  n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨Zv  evwn¨KZv
DËi: O
e¨vL¨v: Trade-off k‡ãi A_© eÜ evwYR¨| Trade-off is a 27 A_©‣bwZK Kvhv©ewji g~j jÿ¨ Kx? [CoU: 2014-15]
K) A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© Rvbv
situational decision that involves dimishing or
L) `ªe¨ mvgMÖx †fv‡Mi gva¨‡g Afve c~iY Kiv
lossing one quality, quantity or property of a set or
M) A_© DcvR©‡bi Dcvq †ei Kiv
design in return for gains in other aspects.
N) Kxfv‡e A_© e¨q K‡i Zv Rvbv
22. wb‡Pi ‡Kvb eBwUi ‡jL‡Ki bvg mwVK bq-CU-C2:15-16]
DËi: K
K) eB: Wealth of Nations ‡jLK: Adam Smith e¨vL¨v: A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq-A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v|
L) eB: On the Principles of Political Economy and A_©‣bwZK Kvhv©ewji g~j jÿ¨-A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v m¤ú‡K© Rvbv|
Taxation ‡jLK: Alfred Marshall 28 A_©bxwZ‡Z Zzjbvg~jK myweavZË¡ cÖ`vb K‡ib-
M) eB: An Essay on the Principles of Population : K) AvWvg w¯§_ L) Rb ÷zqvU© wgj
Thomas Malthus M) †WwfW wiKv‡W©v N) wg›Ub wd«Wg¨vb
N) eB:Tableau economique ‡jLK:Francois Quesney DËi: M
O) Capital:A Critique of Political Economy ‡jLK: Karl
DËi: L
e¨vL¨v: ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz Z_¨:
ZË¡ cÖeZ©K
Kzwgjøv wek¦we`¨vjq A_©bxwZi Zzjbvg~jK myweavZË¡, LvRbv ZË¡ ‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v
23 abZ‡š¿ A`„k¨ nvZ ej‡Z †evSvq- [CoU: 2018-19] wbg LvRbv ZË¡ Aa¨vcK gvk©vj
K) miKvwi cwiKíbv L) `vg eë¯v wek¦vqb aviYv gvk©vj g¨vKjynvb
M) Rbkw³ N) mvgvwRK Kj¨vY A‡_©i cwigvY ZË¡ Aviwfs wdkvi
DËi: L RbmsL¨v ZË¡ g¨vj_vm
e¨vL¨v: †h †Kv‡bv A_©bxwZ‡Z cY¨ I †mevi `vg †h cÖwµqvq wba©vwiZ
nq, †m cÖwµqvB‡KB `vg cÖwµqv e‡j| †hgb-abZvwš¿K I wgkÖ †kL nvwmbv wek¦we`¨vjq
Giƒc A_©eë¯vq evRv‡i Pvwn`v †hvMvb A‡cÿv AwaK n‡j `vg e„w× 29. AmsL¨ Afv‡ei Zzjbvq m¤ú‡ì ¯^íZv‡K wK e‡j? [SHU: 2018-19]
cv‡e Ges Pvwn`v †hvMvb A‡cÿv Kg n‡j `vg n«vm cv‡e| `v‡gi G K) `y®úÖvc¨Zv L) Amxg Afve M) wbev©Pb N) weKí eënvi
IVvbvgv A_©bxwZwe` Adam Smith- Gi g‡Z ÔA`„k¨ nvZÕ DËi: K
23
e¨vL¨v: A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi cÖK…wZ we‡kølY K‡i `ywU mgm¨v‡K wPwýZ e¨vL¨v: Amxg Afve I †m Afve c~i‡Yi mxwgZ DcKiY †_‡K
Kiv hvq| A_©bxwZ wel‡qi DrcwË|
h_v: `y®úÖvc¨Zv I wbev©Pb (A_©bxwZ‡Z •ØZ mgm¨v)| 36. ‡KvbwU mvgwóK PjK (Macro Variable)?[MBSTU: 2019-20]
i) `y®úÖvc¨Zv ej‡Z †evSvq AmsL¨ Afv‡ei Zzjbvq m¤ú‡ì ¯^íZv| K) `vg L) `ª‡eï †hvMvb M) Kg©ms¯vb N) gybvdv
GwU †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vmg~‡ni D™¢‡ei KviY| DËi: M
ii) wbev©Pb ej‡Z ‡evSvq AdzišÍ Afv‡ei g‡a¨ mxwgZ m¤ú` n‡Z e¨vL¨v:
m‡ev©Ëg weKí wba©viY Kivi cÖwµqv| mvgwóK A_©bxwZ: A_©bxwZi †h kvLvq A_©eë¯vi mvgwMÖK w`K Z_v
†gvU †fvM e¨q, †gvU wewb‡qvM e¨q, RvZxq Avq BZ¨vw` Av‡jvPbv
kvn Rvjvj weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq Kiv nq, Zv‡K mvgwóK A_©bxwZ e‡j|
mvgwóK A_©bxwZi welqe¯‧ ev PjKmg~n: RvZxq Avq, mvgwMÖK
30. ‡Kvb ZË¡wU e¨wóK A_©bxwZi AšÍf©y³? [SUST: 2016-17]
K) `vg ZË¡ L) Avq ZË¡ M) Kg©ms¯vb ZË¡ Pvwn`v, mvaviY g~j¨¯Íi, mvgwMÖK †hvMvb, RvZxq mÂq, mvgwMÖK
N) RbmsL¨v ZË¡ O) LvRbv ZË¡ wewb‡qvM e¨q, Kg©ms¯vb, ‡eKviZ¡, gy`ªvùxwZ, gRywi I my‡ì nvi,
DËi: O †gvU †jvKmsL¨v wbiƒcY|
e¨vL¨v: e¨wóK A_©bxwZi AšÍ©fz³ welqmg~n: Pvwn`v ZË¡, Drcv`b I e¨wóK A_©bxwZ: A_©bxwZi NUbv‡K GKK I e¨w³MZ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K
e¨qZË¡, e›Ub ZË¡ (gRywi, LvRbv, my`, gybvdv) we‡kølY KivB n‡jv e¨wóK A_©bxwZ|
31. ‡KvbwU evwYR¨ msiÿYg~jK eë¯’v bq? [SUST: 2013-14] e¨wóK A_©bxwZi welqe¯‧ ev PjKmg~n: †fv³vi AvPiY, e¨w³MZ
K) Drcv`‡bi fzZ©~wK cÖ`vb L) Avg`vwb †KvUv cÖeZ©b Pvwn`v, †hvMvb, gybvdv/Avq, †fvM, mÂq I wewb‡qvM BZ¨vw`|
M) ißvwb‡Z D”P ïé N) W¨vw¤ús 37. Avq evo‡j †h `ª‡eï Pvwn`v ev‡o Zv-? [MBSTU: 2019-20]
O) •e‡`wkK gy`ªv wewbgq nvi wbqš¿Y K) wbK…ó `ªe¨ L) ¯^vfvweK `ªe¨ M) m¤ú~iK `ªe¨ N) cwieZ©K `ªe¨
DËi: N DËi: L
e¨vL¨v: evwYR¨ msiÿYg~jK eë¯v Protectionist ej‡Z †evSvq e¨vL¨v: ¯^vfvweK `ªe¨: Avq evo‡j †hme `ª‡eï Pvwn`v ev‡o I Avq
G‡`kxq evRv‡ii cY¨‡K AMÖvwaKvi Ges we‡`wk cY¨ †K D”P ïé Kg‡j †hme `ª‡eï Pvwn`v K‡g Zv n‡jv ¯^vfvweK `ªe¨| Avevi,
Av‡ivc K‡i cÖwZnZ Kiv| ¯^vfvweK `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î `vg evo‡j Pvwn`v K‡g I `vg Kg‡j Pvwn`v
evwYR¨ msiÿYg~jK eë¯’vmg~n: ev‡o| †hgb: Kwdi `vg evo‡j d‡j Kwdi Pvwn`vi cwigvY K‡g,
Drcv`‡b fZ©ywK cÖ`vb, Avg`vwb †KvUv cÖeZ©b, wewbgq nvi wbqš¿Y, Zvn‡j Kwd n‡jv ¯^vfvweK `ªe¨|
Avg`vwb wbwl×KiY, gy`ªv Aeg~j¨vqb| wbK…ó `ªe¨: Avq e„w× †c‡j `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi cwigvY n«vm cvq Ges Avq
32. wb‡¤œi †Kvb KvRwU A‡_©i mvnv‡h¨ Kiv hvq bv? [SUST: 2011-12] n«vm †c‡j Pvwn`vi cwigvY e„w× cvq|
K) Rwg µq eve` g~j¨ cwi‡kva 38. A_©bxwZ‡Z wbev©P‡bi mgm¨v ej‡Z wK †evSvq? [MBSTU: 2018-19]
L) cÖvZ¨wnK †Kbv KvUvq kvKmewRi wewfbœ cwigv‡Yi g~j¨ wnmve K) m¤ú‡ì wbev©Pb L) Afve c~i‡Yi ¸iæZ¡ wbev©Pb
M) fwel¨‡Z LiP Kivi j‡ÿ¨ mÂq M) cÖhyw³ wbev©Pb N) gvwjKvbv wbev©Pb
N) FY cwi‡kv‡ai gva¨‡g eÜKK…Z m¤úwËi `vq †gUv‡bv DËi: L
O) my‡ì nvi wba©viY 39. ‡KvbwU e¨wóK A_©bxwZi PjK? [MBSTU: 2018-19]
DËi: O K) gybvdv L) †eKviZ¡ M) g~j¨¯Íi N) gy`ªvùxwZ
e¨vL¨v: my‡ì nvi wba©viY g~jZ A‡_©i eënv‡ii Rb¨ Z¨vMK…Z Ask DËi: K
†K ev Dc‡X․Kb †K †evSvq| GLv‡b A‡_©i mvnv‡h¨ cwi‡kva Kiv 40. Amxg Afv‡ei Zzjbvq m¤ú‡ì ¯^íZv‡K e‡jÑ[MBSTU: 2018-19]
eySv‡”Q bv| K) `y®úÖvc¨Zv L) Amxg Afve M) wbev©Pb N) weKí eënvi
33. GKwU `ª‡eï `vg 100 UvKv n‡Z e„w× †c‡q 120 UvKv nIqv‡Z DËi: K
`ªe¨wUi Pvwn`vi cwigvY 50 GKK n‡Z 15 GKK n«vm †c‡j H 41. gvby‡li Afv‡ei aiY Kx? [MBSTU: 2018-19]
`ªe¨wUi g~j¨ w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv| [SUST: 2011-12] K) mxwgZ L) LyeB Kg M) Amxg N) mmxg
K) Amxg w¯wZ¯vcK L) c~Y© w¯wZ¯vcK DËi: M
M) GKK w¯wZ¯vcK N) Ac~Y© w¯wZ¯vcK 42. ‡KvbwU mvgwóK A_©bxwZi PjK bq? [MBSTU: 2017-18]
O) Aw¯wZ¯vcK K) †eKviZ¡ L) my‡ì nvi M) gy`ªvùxwZ N) g~j¨
DËi: L DËi: N
e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv ej‡Z `ªe¨g~‡jï n«vm-e„w×i m‡½
Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi n«vm-e„w×i m¤úK©‡K eySvq| GLv‡b `ªe¨wUi 43. ‡K mvgwóK A_©bxwZi RbK? [MBSTU: 2017-18]
K) w¯§_ L) gvk©vj M) †KBbm& N) jyKvm
Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcK 1 Gi †P‡q †ewk nIqv Ôc~Y© w¯wZ¯vcKZvÕ
DËi: M
n‡q‡Q|
e¨vL¨v:
gvIjvbv fvmvbx weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq A_©bxwZi RbK GWvg w¯§_
mvgwóK A_©bxwZi RbK ‡R.Gg. †KBÝ
34. A_©bxwZi •ØZ mgm¨v ‡KvbwU? [MBSTU: 2019-20] AvaywbK A_©bxwZi RbK cj m¨vgy‡qjmb
K) `y®úÖvc¨Zv I wbev©Pb L) `y®úÖvc¨Zv I mxgve×Zv
A_©bxwZ‡Z cÖ_g evOvwj †bv‡ej weRqx AgZ¨© †mb|
M) AmxgZv I wbev©Pb N) ¯^íZv I cÖwZØwÜZv
44. cyuwRev`x wb‡`©k K‡i- [MBSTU: 2017-18]
DËi: K K) evwo Ges Mvwoi e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv
35. A_©bxwZ wel‡qi DrcwËi KviYÑ ? [MBSTU: 2019-20]
L) g~jabx `ª‡eï miKvwi gvwjKvbv
K) gybvdv L) m¤ú` M) Afve N) my`
M) g~jabx `ª‡eï e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv
DËi: M
N) evRv‡ii eënvi
DËi: M
24
e¨vL¨v: abZvwš¿K/cyuwRev`x A_©eë¯v Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ
‡h A_© eë¯vq Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vbmg~n e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbvq 1. A_©bxwZ‡Z mKj Afve GK mv‡_ c~iY Kiv nq bv †Kb?
cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K abZvwš¿K A_© eë¯v e‡j| 2. Afve c~i‡Y wbev©Pb mgm¨v †`Lv †`q †Kb?
abZvwš¿K ev cyuwRev`x A_©eë¯’vi •ewkó¨: 3. Òm¤ú‡ì `y®úÖvc¨ZvB A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi g~j KviY|Ó-e¨vL¨v Ki|
 e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv ev m¤ú` 4. `y®úÖvc¨Zv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
 ‡fv³vi ¯^vaxbZv 5. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
 Aeva cÖwZ‡hvwMZv 6. my‡hvM e¨‡qi D™¢e N‡U †Kb?
 m¤ú‡ì Amg e›Ub 7. wgkÖ A_©eë¯vq g~j Kxfv‡e wbav©wiZ nq?
8. Òwb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯v abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯v †_‡K †Kvb †ÿ‡Î
 D‡`¨v‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv
DbœZ|Ó-Av‡jvPbv Ki|
 mev©waK gybvdv AR©b| 9. ÒabZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq †fv³vi mve©‡f․gZ¡Ó e¨vL¨v Ki|
 ‡fv³vi mve©‡f․gZ¡| 10. ¯^qswµq g~jëë¯vi aviYv `vI|
 ‡kÖwY Ø‡›Øi m„wó| 11. e¨wóK A_©bxwZ‡K wK mvgwóK A_©bxwZ c„_K Kiv hvq?
45. ‡g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vmg~‡ni D™¢‡ei KviY n‡jv- [2016-17] m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
K) †eKviZ¡ L) AmgZv M) `wi`ª N) m¤ú‡ì `y®úÖvc¨Zv 1. iv‡eqv I mywg nwicy‡i evm K‡i| nVvr K‡i nwicy‡i cÖvK…wZK
DËi: N M¨vm‡ÿÎ Avwe®‥…Z nq| †mB M¨vm D‡Ëvjb K‡i Zviv we`y¨r Drcv`b
46. K¬vwmKvj A_©bxwZwe` †K? [MBSTU: 2016-17] I M„n¯vwj Kv‡R eëüZ Ki‡Z Pvq| Z‡e miKvi we`y¨r Drcv`b‡K
K) gvk©vj L) G¨vWvg w¯§_ M) AgZ©¨ †mb N) W. BDbym AMÖvwaKvi w`‡”Q KviY we`y¨r A_©bxwZi Ab¨vb¨ LvZmg~n‡K Dbœq‡b
DËi: L f~wgKv iv‡L|
e¨vL¨v: RbM‡Yi e¨w³MZ cQ›` I Zvi ¯^vaxbZv n‡jv K¬vwmK¨vj K. `y®úÖvc¨Zv I wbev©Pb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
A_©bxwZi †h․w³K wfwË| L. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
47. ÔGKwU †`k `wi`ª, KviY †m `wi`ªÕ GwU †K e‡j‡Qb? [2015-16] M. M¨v‡mi mvnv‡h¨ miKvi we`y¨r Drcv`b‡K AMÖvwaKvi †Ìqvi
K) AgZ©¨ †mb L) bvK©m M) †Kvqvb©µm N) A¨vWvg w¯§_ KviY e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: L N. Òwe`y¨r Drcv`‡bi mvnv‡h¨ me‡P‡q †ewk msL¨K Afve c~iY
e¨vL¨v: ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz Dw³- m¤¢eÓ-e¨vL¨v Ki|
 ÔGKwU †`k `wi`ª, KviY †m `wi`ªÕ-bvK©m| 2. mvjvg X UvKv wb‡q evRv‡i †Mj, 5 †KwR Pvj I 8 †KwR AvUv
 ÔhLb Avw_©K Avq Drcv`bkxj Kvh© A‡cÿv †ewk nv‡i e„w× cvq †Kbvi Rb¨| †m evRv‡i wM‡q †`Lj `ªe¨mvgMÖxi hv `vg Zv‡Z D³
ZLb gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv †`qÕ-Aa¨vcK wcÐ| UvKv w`‡q ïay 5 †KwR Pvj A_ev ïay 8 †KwR AvUv wKb‡Z cvi‡e|
wKš‧ Zvi Pvj I AvUv `ywU `ªe¨B cÖ‡qvRb| G‡ÿ‡Î Zviv wm×všÍ wb‡Z
 Ô‣ewk¦K cwjø aviYvi cwiewZ©Z iƒc n‡”Q wek¦vqbÕ-g¨vK †jvnvb|
nq †Kvb `ªe¨ KZUzKz µq Ki‡e| ZvB †m 2.5 †KwR Pvj I 4 †KwR
 ÔAf¨všÍixY evwY‡Rï m¤úªmviYB AvšÍR©vwZK evwYR¨Õ- evwU©b I‡nwjb| AvUv wK‡b wb‡q Av‡m|
 Money is what money does'- Gd.G. IqvKvi| K. †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v Kx?
48. ‡KvbwU e¨wóK A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq? L. `y®úÖvc¨Zv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
K) RvZxq Avq L) RvZxq Drcv`b M. DÏxc‡K mvjvg `ªe¨ µ‡qi †ÿ‡Î †h mgm¨vwUi m¤§yLxb nq Zv
M) GKRb †fv³vi AvPiY N) `vg¯Íi e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: M N. DÏxc‡Ki mvjv‡gi `ªe¨ µ‡qi welqwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi
mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki|
h‡kvi weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq 3. BDby‡mi cwievi AZ¨šÍ `wi`ª| Zvi cwiev‡ii AvqZb †hgb eo,
49. ‡KvbwU mvgwóK A_©bxwZi PjK bq? †Zgwb m¤ú‡ì ¯^íZvI we`¨gvb| Afve Zvi cwiev‡ii wbZ¨m½x|
K) RvZxq Avq L) mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v mxwgZ m¤ú‡ì mvnv‡h¨ Amxg Afve c~iY Ki‡Z wM‡q Zv‡K wewfbœ
M) mvaviY g~j¨¯Íi N) GKwU dv‡g©i Drcv`b mgm¨v m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq| GB Afve c~i‡Yi mv‡_ mv‡_ Av‡iKwU bZzb
Afve †`Lv †`q|
DËi: N
K. m¤ú‡ì ¯^íZv Kx?
Ávbg~jK cÖkœ L. A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v †Kb m„wó nq?
1. Afve Kx? M. BDby‡mi D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ Afve wbev©Pb mgm¨v e¨vL¨v Ki|
2. `y®úÖvc¨Zv ej‡Z Kx †evS? N. BDby‡mi g‡Zv AMwYZ gvbyl †hme A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nq
3. wbev©Pb ej‡Z Kx †evS? Zv we‡kølY Ki|
4. A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v Kx?
4. wb‡P `ywU `ªe¨ X I Y Gi Drcv`b m¤¢vebv m~wP †Ìqv n‡jv| Zvi
5. ‡Kb Drcv`b Kiv nq?
wfwË‡Z wb‡¤œv³ cÖ‡kœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:
6. A_©‣bwZK Kg©cÖ‡Póvi g~j D‡Ïk¨ Kx?
mswgkÖY X `ªe¨ Y `ªe¨
7. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Kx?
8. wb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯v Kx? A 130 00
9. A_©eë¯v Kx? B 100 50
10. Bmjvwg A_©eë¯v Kx? C 50 100
11. abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯v Kx? D 00 130
12. wgkÖ A_©eë¯v Kx? K. `y®úÖvc¨Zv ej‡Z Kx †evS?
13. wb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯v Kv‡K e‡j? L. wb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯vq Ô‡K›`ªxq cwiKíbv KZ…©cÿÕ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Kb?
14. e¨vwóK A_©bxwZ Kx? M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki|
25
N. ÒX `ª‡eï Drcv`b 100 GKK Ae¯vq Y `ª‡eï Drcv`b 100 8. wb‡P X I Y bvgK `ywU `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi GKwU Drcv`b
GKK m¤¢e bqÓ- †Zvgvi DË‡ii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| m¤¢vebv m~wP †Ìqv n‡jv-
5. X `ªe¨ Y `ªe¨ mswgkÖY
8 0 A
5 5 B
0 8 C
K. e¨wóK A_©bxwZ Kx?
L. Òwb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯v abZvwš¿K †_‡K †Kvb ‡ÿ‡Î DbœZ|Ó
Av‡jvPbv Ki|
K. `y®úÖvc¨Zv Kv‡K e‡j? M. DÏxcK n‡Z GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki|
L. wgkÖ A_©eë¯vq g~j¨ Kxfv‡e wbav©wiZ nq? N. cÖvß Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Abyhvqx Dfq `ªe¨ GKB m‡½ 8 GKK
M. DÏxc‡K †h †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi K_v Dcw¯Z n‡q‡Q Zv K‡i Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e bq †Kb? we‡kølY Ki|
e¨vL¨v Ki|
9. gvby‡li †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v 3wU| cÖwZwU mgv‡Ri gvbyl‡K
N. E I F we›`y‡Z Drcv`b Kivi †ÿ‡Î m¤¢vebv I †h․w³KZv we‡kølY Ki|
6. wg. nv‡iK GKRb mdj K…lK| eZ©gvb wZwb K…wl welqK AvaywbK Gme mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq| wewfbœ A_©‣bwZK eë¯vq Gme
cÖhyw³MZ cÖwkÿY MÖnY K‡i Zvi ¯^í Rwg‡Z mxwgZ mvg‡_¨©i g‡a¨ mgm¨vi wewfbœ mgvavb i‡q‡Q| Z‡e abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq
`ywU dm‡ji Pvlvev` K‡i e¨vcK jvfevb n‡q‡Qb| Zvi mvg_¨© `vgeë¯vi gva¨‡g Gm‡ei mgvavb Kiv nq|
mxwgZ weavq wZwb Zvi A‡bK ¯^í ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| K. `y®úÖvc¨Zv Kx?
Avevi m¤ú‡ì hv‡Z AePq bv nq †mw`‡K hZœevb †_‡K wZwb GKwU L. my‡hvM e¨‡qi D™¢e N‡U ‡Kb?
c‡Yï djb evwo‡q Ab¨wUi djb Kgv‡Z cv‡ib|
K. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Kx? M. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v e¨vL¨v Ki|
L. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi Ici †Kvb we›`y¸‡jv AwaK Kvg¨ we›`y? N. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ A_©eë¯vq †h c×wZi mvnv‡h¨ A_©‣bwZK
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wg. nv‡i‡Ki K…wlwelqK Pvlvev` cÖwµqvwU mgm¨vi mgvavb Kiv nq Zv wK h‡_ó? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI|
Drcv`b m~wPi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 10. mvjgvb mv‡ne ‘X’ bvgK Ggb GKwU ‡`‡ki cÖevmx †h †`‡ki
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cÖvß m~wP †_‡K Kxfv‡e Zv †iLvwP‡Îi gva¨‡g
cÖwZwU A_©‣bwZK Kg©KvÛ miKvi KZ…©K wbqwš¿Z nq| Drcv`b, eÈb,
e¨vL¨v Ki‡e?
‡fvM meB †K›`ªxq cwiKíbv gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nq| wKš‧ Zvui wbR
7. A I B `ywU †`k| A †`‡ki K…lK iwng mv‡ne wbR D‡`¨v‡MB wewfbœ
ai‡bi K…wl cY¨ Drcv`b K‡ib| wZwb avb I gUi Wvj Drcv`‡bi †`‡k ïay miKvi bq, †emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡MI A_©‣bwZK Kg©KvÛ
wmÜvšÍ wb‡jb| G‡ÿ‡Î iwng mv‡ne ïay gvÎv gïi Wvj Drcv`b cwiPvwjZ nq|
Ki‡j 80 GKK Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cieZx©‡Z cÖwZ GK‡K avb K. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Kv‡K e‡j?
Drcv`b e„w×i Rb¨ gïi Wvj Drcv`b Ki‡Z n‡jv h_vµ‡g L. Afve c~i‡Yi †ÿ‡Î wbev©Pb GKwU eo mgm¨v-e¨vL¨v Ki|
70,50,20 GKK| avb Drcv`b 4 GKK n‡j gïi Wvj Drcv`b M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ‘X’ ‡`‡ki wZbwU •ewkó¨ D‡jøL Ki|
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‧ B ‡`‡ki K…lK Kwig mv‡ne wbR D‡`¨v‡M N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ `ywU †`‡ki A_©ëë¯v wK GK? wfbœ n‡j cv_©K¨
iwng mv‡n‡ei g‡Zv Drcv`b wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| G‡ÿ‡Î we‡kølY Ki|
ivóª Drcv`b wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y f~wgKv iv‡L| GQvov B ‡`‡k my`, Nyl I 11.
gRyZ`vwi eë¯v †bB| mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯v LyeB gReyZ| †Kvb
A ‡`k B ‡`k
cÖKvi AcPq I wejvm‡K GLb mg_©b Kiv hvq bv| Z`ycwi, DcvR©b
e„n`vqZb Drcv`b ‡kÖwY †kvlY Abycw¯Z
I Drcv`‡b nvjvj I nviv‡gi wewaweavb GLv‡b Abym„Z nq|
K. ‡g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v Kx? eë¯v,‡fv³vi ¯^vaxbZv †K›`ªxq cwiKíbv gy`ªvùxwZ
L. ÒabZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq ‡fv³vi mve©‡f․gË¡Ó e¨vL¨v Ki| m¤ú‡ì e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv Abycw¯Z|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K iwng mv‡n‡ei Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| K. PPC-Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx?
N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ `ywU †`‡ki A_©eë¯v GKB bq,wfbœ-Av‡jvPbv Ki| L. Afve c~i‡Yi ‡ÿ‡Î wbev©Pb mgm¨v †`Lv hvq †Kb?
M. ‘A’ ‡`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©eë¯v we`¨gvb? DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ
GB Aa¨v‡qi “CQ” wfwWI K¬vm †c‡Z Qvov Ab¨ wZbwU •ewkó¨ †jL|
Avgv‡K eënvi Ki| N. ‘A’ I ‘B’ ‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK eë¯v wK GKB? we‡kølY Ki|
12. A, B I C wZbwU †`k| A ‡`‡k mKj wKQz e¨w³gvwjKvbvq Drcv`b
I wewµ Kiv nq| d‡j `ªe¨vw` `vb †ewk| GB †`‡k µgkB abx
gvby‡li msL¨v evo‡Q| C ‡`kwU Avevi G‡Kev‡iB wecixZ| AZ¨šÍ
cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i D‡ovRvnvR mg¯Í wKQzB miKv‡ii
wbqš¿‡Y Drcv`b I wewµ nq| d‡j †`Lv hvq, GKwU m~P wKb‡Z
†M‡jI jvBb a‡i wKb‡Z nq| Z‡e B ‡`‡k miKvwi I e¨w³MZ
Dfq Lv‡Z `ªe¨mvgMÖx DrcvwZ I wewµ nq| GB †`‡k e¨w³MZ
Drcv`bKvixiv †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï `vg evov‡j †fv³viv `ªe¨wU miKvwi
LvZ †_‡K †K‡b|
K. Afve Kx?
L. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡Ki †`k wZbwU‡Z we`¨gvb A_©‣bwZK eë¯vmg~n Kx?
26
N. Ò‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ wgkÖ A_©‣bwZK eë¯vB DËgÓ- N. †R‡Ki †`‡ki cwiewZ©‡Z A_©‣bwZK eë¯vi aib e¨vL¨v Ki|
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 16. wg. K GKRb miKvwi PvKwiRxex| wZwb evRv‡i Pvj wKb‡Z wM‡q
13. ‘A’ GKwU †`k, †hLv‡b m¤ú‡ì e¨w³ gvwjKvbv ¯^xK…Z, Z‡e GwU †`L‡jb| †h evRv‡ii Pv‡ji `vg K‡g †M‡Q| wZwb Gi KviY
mxwgZ| †ewkifvM Drcv`b Kg©KvÛ †emiKvwi gvwjKvbvq cwiPvwjZ eëmvqx‡K wRÁvmv K‡ib| eëmvqx Zv‡K Rvbvb †h, miKvi 10
nq| cvkvcvwk miKvwi Lv‡ZI †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi g‡Zv Drcv`b Kg©KvÛ UvKv `‡i wewµ Kivq evRv‡i Pv‡ji `vg K‡g ‡M‡Q| hy³iv‡óª Pvwn`v
cwiPvwjZ nq| B`bxs miKvwi LvZ¸‡jv †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi g‡Zv `ÿfv‡e I †hvMv‡bi mgZvi wfwË‡Z `vg wbav©wiZ nq|
Drcv`b Kg©KvÛ cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| ZvB ‘A’ ‡`‡ki miKvi K. `y®úÖvc¨Zv Kx?
ivóªvqË KjKviLvbv¸‡jv m¤ú~Y© we-ivóªxqKi‡bi Ges †emiKvwi LvZ‡K L. †Kvb A_©eë¯vq `vg wbqš¿‡Y miKv‡ii †Kv‡bv f~wgKv _v‡K bv?
c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv †Ìqvi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q| d‡j †`kwU‡Z Avq eÈ‡b AmgZv M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wg. K-Gi †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©eë¯v
Ges ‡kÖwY‣elg¨ †`Lv †`q| we`¨gvb-e¨vL¨v Ki|
K. A_©‣bwZK eë¯v Kx? N. DÏxc‡Ki D‡jøwLZ †`kwUi A_©eë¯v hy³iv‡óªi Zzjbvq †Kvb w`K
L. †Kb wbev©Pb mgm¨v D™¢e nq? w`‡q fv‡jv e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki|
M. cÖv_wgK Ae¯vq ‘A’ ‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK eë¯vi cÖK…wZ DÏxc‡Ki 17. ÔKÕ I ÔLÕ `ywU †`k| ÔKÕ †`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b I eÈb
Av‡jv‡K wPwýZ Ki| msNwUZ Kivi Rb¨ ‡emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡Mi miKvwi wbqš¿‡Yi mswgkÖY
N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ †`kwUi miKvi KZ©„K M„nxZ c`‡ÿ‡ci d‡j N‡U| Avevi ÔLÕ †`‡ki m¤ú` I Drcv`‡bi DcKiY¸‡jv ivóªxq
A_©eë¯vq †Kvb ai‡bi cwieZ©b msNwUZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| gvwjKvbvaxb G‡`‡ki †fv³vi Zvi B”Qvg‡Zv A_© e¨q K‡i †h‡Kv‡bv
14. ÔKÕ GKwU m¤¢vebvgq †`k| †mLv‡b wkí I †mevLv‡Zi wKQz wKQz `ªe¨ cÖPzi cwigv‡b †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
†ÿ‡Î miKvwi cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y we`¨gvb| †hgb-cÖwZiÿv, K. †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v‡K KqwU cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g Dc¯vcb Kiv hvq?
cÖkvmb,‡hvMv‡hvM, WvK I we`y¨r BZ¨vw`| wkÿv I ¯^v¯¨Lv‡Z e¨‡qi L. A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v †Kb m„wó nq?
GKUv eo miKvi K‡i _v‡Kb| cvkvcvwk, cÖvq me †ÿ‡ÎB e¨w³MZ M. DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ ÔKÕ I ÔLÕ †`‡ki A_©eë¯vi ga¨Kvi
D`¨vM‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv nq| mv`„k¨¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki|
K. A_©eë¯v Kx? N. D³ `ywU †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK ga¨Kvi •emv`„k¨¸‡jv we‡kølY Ki|
L. GKwU wgkÖ A_©eë¯vq Kxfv‡e `vg wbav©wiZ nq? 18. wg. Kwig ‘X’ ‡`‡ki Awaevmx| Zvi ‡`‡ki hveZxq m¤ú` I
M. ÔKÕ †`‡ki A_©eë¯i cÖK…wZ wbiƒcY Ki| Drcv`‡bi DcKiY ivóª KZ…©K wbqwš¿Z| `ªe¨ I †mev †fv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î
N. ÔKÕ †`‡k we`¨gvb A_©eë¯v RbKj¨vY h‡_ó f~wgKv ivL‡Q e‡j †fv³vi ¯^vaxbZv ¯^xK…Z bq| Ab¨w`‡K wg. nvwdR ‘Y’ ‡`‡ki
Zzwg wK g‡b Ki? e¨vL¨v Ki| Awaevmx| Zvi †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Kg©KvÛ miKv‡ii cvkvcvwk
15. Bgivb I †RK `yB eÜz| Zviv Zv‡ì †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK eë¯v m¤ú‡K© e¨w³MZ gybvdvi D‡Ïk¨ cwiPvwjZ nq| ‡m †`‡ki cÖe„w× evo‡j Avq
K_v ej‡Q| Bgivb ejj, ÒAvgv‡ì †`‡k Drcv`b Kg©KvÛ e¨w³ I m¤ú‡ì eÈ‡b AmgZv Ges †kÖwY •elg¨ cwijwÿZ nq|
gvwjKvbvq cwiPvwjZ nq, evRvi cÖwµqv Kvh©Ki Ges m¤ú‡ì e¨w³ K. wbev©Pb ej‡Z Kx †evS?
gvwjKvbv ¯^xK…Z|Ó †RK ejj, ÒAvgv‡ì †`‡k Drcv`b Kg©KvÛ ivóªxq L. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv‡K mgxšÍ †iLv ejv nq †Kb?
gvwjKvbvq cwiPvwjZ nq, AvBb Kiv cÖwZ‡hvwMZv wbwl× Kiv n‡q‡Q, M. wg. Kwi‡gi †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©eë¯vi wgj i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
wKš‧ K…wlLvZ Ges wKQz wkí m¤úªwZ e¨w³ gvwjKvbvq †Q‡o †Ìqv N. wg. Kwig Ges wg. nvwd‡Ri †`‡ki A_© eë¯vq wK ai‡bi mv`„k¨
n‡q‡Q, G‡Z Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î `ÿZv e„w× cv‡”Q|Ó i‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
K. A_©bxwZ‡Z wbev©Pb Kx?
L. A_©bxwZK ÔKx Kx `ªe¨ Ges Kx cwigv‡b Drcv`b Ki‡Z n‡eÕ
mgm¨vi D™¢e nq †Kb?
M. Bgiv‡bi †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©‡bwZK eë¯v cÖPwjZ Av‡Q?
e¨vL¨v Ki|

27
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-1 (Set-A)
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. wb‡P `ywU `ªe¨ X I Y Gi Drcv`b m¤¢vebv m~wP †Ìqv n‡jv| Zvi 2. A, B I C wZbwU †`k| A ‡`‡k mKj wKQz e¨w³gvwjKvbvq Drcv`b
wfwË‡Z wb‡¤œv³ cÖ‡kœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: I wewµ Kiv nq| d‡j `ªe¨vwì `vg †ewk| GB †`‡k µgkB abx
mswgkÖY X `ªe¨ Y `ªe¨ gvby‡li msL¨v evo‡Q| C ‡`kwU Avevi G‡Kev‡iB wecixZ| AZ¨šÍ
A 130 00 cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨ †_‡K ïiæ K‡i D‡ovRvnvR mg¯Í wKQzB miKv‡ii
B 100 50 wbqš¿‡Y Drcv`b I wewµ nq| d‡j †`Lv hvq, GKwU m~P wKb‡Z
C 50 100 †M‡jI jvBb a‡i wKb‡Z nq| Z‡e B ‡`‡k miKvwi I e¨w³MZ
D 00 130 Dfq Lv‡Z `ªe¨mvgMÖx Drcvw`Z I wewµ nq| GB †`‡k e¨w³MZ
K. `y®úÖvc¨Zv ej‡Z Kx †evS? 1 Drcv`bKvixiv †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï `vg evov‡j †fv³viv `ªe¨wU miKvwi
L. wb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯vq Ô‡K›`ªxq cwiKíbv KZ…©cÿÕ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Kb? 2 LvZ †_‡K †K‡b|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 K. Afve Kx? 1
N. ÒX `ª‡eï Drcv`b 100 GKK Ae¯vq Y `ª‡eï Drcv`b 100 L. Drcv`b m¤¢ v ebv †iLv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2
GKK m¤¢e bqÓ- †Zvgvi DË‡ii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 M. DÏxc‡Ki †`k wZbwU‡Z we`¨gvb A_©‣bwZK eë¯vmg~n Kx? 3
N. Ò‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ wgkÖ A_©‣bwZK eë¯vB DËgÓ-
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt
1. Afv‡ei Zyjbvq m¤ú‡ì mxgve×Zv‡K wK e‡j? DÏxcKwU c‡o 11 I 12 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) `y®úªvc¨Zv L) wbev©Pb L) Pvwn`v N) †hvMvb
2. A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Kg©chv©q †KvbwU?
K) Drcv`b L) wewb‡qvM M) †hvMvb N) mÂq
3. ÔA_©bxwZ n‡jv wbe©vP‡bi weÁvbÕ-‡K e‡j‡Qb?
K) †ebnvg L) m¨vgy‡qjmb M) Kvj© gvK©m N) Gj.iweÝ
4. mvaviYZ Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi AvK…wZ n‡jv-
K) g~j we›`yi w`‡K DËj L) g~j we›`yi w`‡K AeZj 11. hw` X `ª‡eï Zzjbvq Y `ª‡eï cÖ‡qvRb †ewk nq, Z‡e DÏxc‡Ki
M) wb¤œMvgx mij‡iLv N) DaŸ©Mvgx mij‡iLv †Kvb we›`y‡Z Drcv`bKvix m‡ev©”P Drcv`b Ki‡e?
5. GKwU Afve c~iY n‡j Kx N‡U? K) A L) P M) Q N) R
K) AviI Afve †`Lv †`q L) Avi Afve †`Lv †`q bv
12. DÏxc‡Ki C we›`y‡Z Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
M) ÿwZ nq N) my` I mg„w× Av‡m
K) Ac~Y© wb‡qvM I AwaK Drcv`b
6. 'An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic
L) c~Y© wb‡qvM I AwaK Drcv`b
Science." MÖšwU Kvi †jLv? M) m¤ú‡ì Ac~Y© eënvi I †eKviZ¡
K) Aa¨vcK †ebnvg L) Aa¨vcK Gj. iweÝ N) m¤ú‡ì c~Y© eënvi I ‡eKviZ¡
M) Aa¨vcK m¨vgy‡qjmb N) A¨vWvg w¯§_ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 13 I 14 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
7. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Drcv`‡b g~j D‡Ïk¨? Avwgbyj Ggb GKwU †`‡ki bvMwiK †hLv‡b RxebhvÎvi gvb DbœZ|
K) †fvM L) wewb‡qvM M) Avq N) mÂq Drcv`bKvix I †fv³vi Aeva ¯^vaxbZv we`¨gvb| m¤úªwZ Avwgbyj
8 A_©bxwZ‡Z wbev©Pb ej‡Z †evSvq- GKwU †`k ågY Kij, †hLv‡b RbM‡Yi mvgvwRK wbivcËv LyeB
i) Afv‡ei ¸iæZ¡ ii) m¤ú‡ì `ÿ eënvi iii) mxwgZ m¤ú` fv‡jv Ges †kÖwY †kvlY †bB|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 13. Avwgbyj †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©eë¯v cÖPwjZ?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) cyuwRev`x L) wb‡`©kg~jK M) Bmjvwg N) wgkÖ
9. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi •ewkó¨- 14. ågYK…Z †`‡ki A_©eë¯vi •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
i) my‡hvM e¨q e¨vL¨v Ki| i) mylg Dbœqb
ii) †eKviZ¡ m¤ú‡K© aviYv ii) Aeva cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
iii) m¤ú‡ì mxgve×Zv cÖKvk iii) e¨w³MZ gybvdv Abycw¯Z
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
10 A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Kg©chv©q n‡”Q- 15. mgvRZ‡š¿i •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
i) Drcv`b ii) wewbgq iii) e›Ub i) ivóªxq gvwjKvbv ii) mvgvwRK wbivcËv iii) Av‡qi c~Y© e›Ub
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii

28
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-1 (Set-B)
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. ‘A’ GKwU †`k, †hLv‡b m¤ú‡ì e¨w³gvwjKvbv ¯^xK…Z, Z‡e GwU 5.
mxwgZ| †ewkifvM Drcv`b Kg©KvÛ †emiKvwi gvwjKvbvq cwiPvwjZ
nq| cvkvcvwk miKvwi Lv‡ZI †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi g‡Zv Drcv`b
Kg©KvÛ cwiPvwjZ nq| B`vbxs miKvwi LvZ¸‡jv †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi
g‡Zv `ÿfv‡e Drcv`b Kg©KvÛ cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| ZvB
‘A’ ‡`‡ki miKvi ivóªvqË KjKviLvbv¸‡jv m¤ú~Y© we-ivóªxqKi‡bi
Ges †emiKvwi LvZ‡K c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv †Ìqvi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q| d‡j
†`kwU‡Z Avq eÈ‡b AmgZv Ges ‡kÖwY‣elg¨ †`Lv †`q|
K. A_©‣bwZK eë¯v Kx? 1
L. †Kb wbev©Pb mgm¨v D™¢e nq? 2 K. `y®úÖvc¨Zv Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. wgkÖ A_©eë¯vq g~j Kxfv‡e wbav©wiZ nq? 2
M. cÖv_wgK Ae¯vq ‘A’ ‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK eë¯vi cÖK…wZ DÏxc‡Ki
M. DÏxc‡K †h †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi K_v Dcw¯Z n‡q‡Q Zv
Av‡jv‡K wPwýZ Ki| 3 e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ †`kwUi miKvi KZ©„K M„nxZ c`‡ÿ‡ci d‡j N. E I F we›`y‡Z Drcv`b Kivi †ÿ‡Î m¤¢vebv I †h․w³KZv we‡kølY Ki| 4
A_©eë¯vq †Kvb ai‡bi cwieZ©b msNwUZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt
1| ‡g․wjK A_©bxwZK mgm¨vi cÖK…wZ we‡køl‡Y †K cÖ_g Ae`vb iv‡Lb? 8| e¨w³MZ D‡`¨v‡Mi mev©waK ¯^vaxbZv †Kvb A_©eë¯vq i‡q‡Q?
K) m¨vgy‡qjmb L) †KBbm M) gvk©vj N) G¨vWvg w¯§_ K) cyuwRev`x L) wb‡`©kg~jK M) wgkÖ N) Bmjvwg
2| A_©bxwZ‡Z wbev©P‡bi mgm¨v ej‡Z wK †evSvq? 9| wgkÖ A_©eeë¯vq wb‡Pi †KvbwU cwijwÿZ nq?
K) m¤ú‡ì wbev©Pb L) Afv‡ei ¸iæZ¡ wbev©Pb K) kÖwg‡Ki c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv L) gy`ªvùxwZ
M) cÖhyw³ wbev©Pb N) gvwjKvbv wbev©Pb M) miKvwi gybvdv N) meKqwUB
3| gvby‡li Amxg Afv‡ei Zzjbvq m¤ú`- 10| EPZ gv‡b wK?
K) cÖPzi L) †bB M) mxwgZ N) Amxg K) Avg`vwb cÖwµqvKiY AÂj L) ißvwb cÖwµqvKiY AÂj
4| Ôgvbyl evQvB Ki‡Z eva¨ nq e‡jB A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v †`Lv †`q|Õ- M) Drcv`b cÖwµqvKiY AÂj N) wewb‡qvM cÖwµqvKiY AÂj
Dw³wU Kvi?? 11| ¯^qswµq `vg eë¯v †h A_©eë¯vi Ab¨Zg •ewkó¨-
K) †Kqvb© µm L) m¨vgy‡qjmb M) A¨vWvg w¯§_ N) †ebnvg i) abZvwš¿K ii) mgvRZvwš¿K iii) wgkÖ
5| wb‡Pi †KvbwU Drcv`‡b g~j D‡Ïk¨? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) †fvM L) wewb‡qvM M) Avq N) mÂq K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 6 I 7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 12 I 13 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Rwgi mv‡ne X †`‡ki bvMwiK| wZwb åg‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ Y †`‡k G‡m
†`L‡jb e¨w³MZ cÖwZôv‡bi cvkvcvwk miKvwi cÖwZôvb i‡q‡Q|
ZLb Rwgi mv‡ne ej‡jb-Avgvi †`‡k mKj cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjKvbv
miKv‡ii wbqš¿‡Y _v‡K|
12| X †`‡ki A_©eë¯vi cÖK…wZ Kxiƒc?
K) abZvwš¿K L) wb‡`©kg~jK M) Bmjvwg N) wgkÖ
13| X †`‡ki A_©eë¯v I Y †`‡ki A_©eë¯vi cv_©K¨ h_vµ‡g-
i) ¯^qswµq `vgeë¯v I wbqwš¿Z `vgeë¯v
ii) gy`ªvùxwZ Abycw¯Z Aciw`‡K gy`ªvùxwZi Dcw¯wZ
6| wP‡Îi cÖ`wk©Z YN †iLvwUi bvg Kx? iii) RbKj¨vY wbwðZ Aciw`‡K gybvdv AR©b
K) Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv L) mg Drcv`b †iLv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) Pvwn`v †iLv N) ¯^qswµq bvg †jLv K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
7| wP‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq- 14| ‘Makros’ k‡ãi A_© Kx?
i) †gvU e¨q ii) `ywU `ª‡eï mswgkÖY K) ÿz`ª L) AwZ ÿz`ª M) e„nr N) mgvb
15| mvgwóK A_©bxwZ‡Z we‡kølY Kiv nqÑ
iii) KZUzKz Drcv`b Kiv n‡e i) mvgwóK ii) RvZxq iii) e¨w³MZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

29
m„Rbkx‡ji As‡ki mv‡Rkb
Dc‡hvM: Dc‡hv‡Mi aviYv; †gvU 1. GKwU Dc‡hvM m~wPi wfwË‡Z cÖvwšÍK -Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b K‡iv|
I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM; 2. †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡‡hvM we‡kølY K‡iv I G‡ì g‡a¨ m¤úK© †`LvI|
3. GKwU Dc‡hvM m~wPi wfwË‡Z †gvU Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b K‡iv|
4. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi m~wP wbY©q K‡iv|
µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa 1. m~wP I †iLvwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`LvI †h cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM µgn«vmgvb|
2. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai e¨wZµg mg~n we‡kølY K‡iv|
Pvwn`v aviYv: Pvwn`v wewa (m~wP 1. Pvwn`v m~wP †_‡K Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b K‡iv|
I †iLvwP‡Î cÖKvk); 2. Pvwn`v wewa e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
Pvwn`vi wba©viKmg~n; 3. Pvwn`v m~wP wbY©q K‡iv|
4. `vg w¯i _v‡K hw` †fv³vi Avq e„w× cvq Z‡e Pvwn`v †iLvi cwieZ©b n‡eÑ wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY K‡iv|
5. mij †iLvi Xvj wbY©q K‡iv|
Pvwn`v A‡cÿK (¯^vaxb I 1. Pvwn`v m~wP †_‡K Pvwn`v mgxKiY wbY©q K‡iv|
wbf©ikxj PjK); Pvwn`v mgxKiY 2. Pvwn`v mgxKiY †_‡K Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b K‡iv|
MVb (PjK, aªæeK I Xvj)
Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv; (`vg, Avq 1. `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
I AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv) I 2. Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbY©q K‡i `ª‡eï cÖK…wZ we‡kølY K‡iv|
cwigvc 3. k~b¨ I Amxg w¯wZ¯vcKZvi mv‡_ Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZvi Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY K‡iv|
4. GKwU `ª‡eï Pvwn`v w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbY©qc~e©K Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZvi cÖK…wZ we‡kølY K‡iv|
5. Pvwn`vi ms‡KvPb Ñm¤úªmviY I Pvwn`vi n«vm-e„w× †iLvwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY K‡iv|
6. Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbY©q K‡i Gi aviYv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
7. Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbY©q K‡i Gi aviYv we‡kølY K‡iv|
8. wejvmRvZ `ª‡eï I wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbY©q K‡iv|
9. wejvmRvZ `ª‡eï I wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZvÑGi `ª‡eï cÖK…wZ wba©viY K‡i cv_©K¨
we‡kølY K‡iv|
†hvMv‡bi aviYv: †hvMvb wewa 1. GKwU KvíwbK †hvMvb m~wP †_‡K †hvMvb †iLv A¼b K‡iv|
(m~wP I †iLvwP‡Î cÖKvk); 2. †hvMvb †iLv Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©MvgxÑ we‡kølY K‡iv|
†hvMv‡bi wba©viKmg~n; 3. †hvMvb wewa e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
4. `vg e„w× ev n«vm ‡c‡j †hvMvb †iLv Kxiƒc ¯vbvšÍi nqÑ we‡kølY K‡iv|
5. †hvMv‡bi w¯wZ¯vcKZv we‡kølY K‡iv|
†hvMv‡bi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv; 1. wP‡Îi †hvMv‡bi w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbY©q K‡iv|
fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY 1. Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi cvi¯úwiK cÖfv‡e Kxfv‡e fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wba©vwiZ nq? we‡kølY K‡iv|
wba©viY; Pvwn`v I †hvMvb 2. fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigv‡Yi Ici Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve we‡kølY K‡iv|
cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve 3. Pvwn`v I †hvMvb m~wP †_‡K fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbY©q K‡iv|

30
 Dc‡hv‡Mi aviYv : A_©bxwZ‡Z Dc‡hv‡Mi A_© Z…wß, DcKvwiZv ev Afve c~i‡Yi ÿgZv| †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i gvby‡li Afve †gUv‡bvi ÿgZv‡K Dc‡hvM
e‡j| Aa¨vcK †gqvm© e‡jb,ÔDc‡hvM n‡jv ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i we‡kl ¸Y ev ÿgZv, hv gvby‡li Afve c~i‡Y mÿgÕ
 Dc‡hv‡Mi •ewkó¨:

 Dc‡hvM cwigvc:

 Dc‡hvM cwigv‡ci GKK‡K BDwUj ejv nq| A_©vr Dc‡hvM cwigvc c×wZ‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v- 1.msL¨vMZ ev cwigvYevPK Dc‡hvM I
2. chv©qMZ Dc‡hvM ev µgevPK Dc‡hvM
 msL¨vMZ ev cwigvYevPK Dc‡hvM: ‡h Dc‡hvM msL¨vq cÖKvk Kiv nq Zv‡K msL¨vMZ Dc‡hvM ejv nq| †hgb-1,2,3 BZ¨vw`|
 chv©qMZ Dc‡hvM: ‡h Dc‡hvM ‡kÖwY‡Z cÖKvk Kiv nq Zv‡K chv©qMZ Dc‡hvM ejv nq| †hgb-1g,2q,3q BZ¨vw`|
 Dc‡hv‡Mi aviYv: Dc‡hvM‡K Avgiv `yB fv‡M e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvwi| h_v- K. †gvU Dc‡hvM, L. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
K. †gvU Dc‡hvM : ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY µq Ki‡j †mB `ª‡eï wewfbœ GKK †_‡K ‡h Dc‡hvM cvIqv hvq, Zv‡ì †hvMdj‡K †gvU
Dc‡hvM e‡j| A_©vr cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi mgwó‡K †gvU Dc‡hvM e‡j|
m~wP
`ª‡eï GKK ‡gvU Dc‡hvM (TU)
(UvKvq)
1g 15
2q 25
3q 30
4_© 30
5g 25

L. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM : ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï †kl GKK †fvM Kivi d‡j †h AwZwi³ Dc‡hvM †gvU Dc‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ hy³ nq, †mB hy³ Dc‡hvM‡K cÖvwšÍK
TU
Dc‡hvM e‡j| cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM‡K MU (Marginal Utility) Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM n‡jv- MU=
Q
‡hLv‡b, MU = cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM| TU  †gvU Dc‡hv‡Mi cwieZ©b| Q  `ªe¨ †fv‡Mi cwieZ©b|
 wb‡P m~wP I †iLvwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv-
‡gvU Dc‡hvM cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
`ª‡eï GKK (TU) (MU)
UvKvq (UvKvq)
1g 15 15
2q 25 10
3q 30 5
4_© 30 0
5g 25 -5
 †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi ga¨Kvi m¤úK©
`ª‡eï GKK ‡gvU Dc‡hvM cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
(TU) UvKvq (MU) (UvKvq)
1g 3 3
2q 5 2
3q 6 1
4_© 6 0
5g 5 -1
31
 †gvU Dc‡hvM (TU) Ges cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM MU Gi g‡a¨ wb¤œiƒc m¤úK© Zz‡j aiv hvq|
 cªvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Kg‡Z _vK‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM µgn«vmgvb nv‡i ev‡o|
 cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM hLb n«vm †c‡q k~b¨ nq ZLb †gvU Dc‡hvM mev©waK nq|
 †gvU Dc‡hvM n«vm †c‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM FYvZ¥K n‡q c‡o| GB Aa¨v‡qi wfwWI K¬vm †c‡Z
Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|

 cÖ‡Z¨K ‡fvMKvix g‡b K‡i _v‡K †fvM e„w× cvIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ Z…wß ax‡i ax‡i wb‡P †b‡g Av‡m| G‡KB µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa e‡j|
Aa¨vcK Avj‡d«W gvk©v‡ji g‡Z, Ôgvby‡li Afve Amxg Ges Ac~iYxq; wKš‧ GKwU we‡kl Afve wbw`©ó mg‡q c~iYxq| †Kv‡bv GKwU `ªe¨ ev †mev Avgiv
hZB †c‡Z _vwK †m `ª‡eï A_ev †mevi Dc‡hvM Avgv‡ì wbKU µgvMZ ZZB n«vm †c‡Z _v‡K|
 µgn«vmgvb cªvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai wKQz AbywgZ kZ© i‡q‡Q| AbywgZ kZv©ewj n‡jv-
 †fvMKvixi Dc‡hvM msL¨vq cwigvc Kiv hvq|  †fvMKvixi cQ›`, iæwP I Avw_©K Avq AcwieZ©bxq|
 †fvMKvixi weKí ev cwic~iK `ª‡eï `v‡gi cwieZ©b NU‡e bv|  cÖviw¤¢K chv©‡q †fv‡Mi GKKmg~n Achv©ß n‡e bv|
 †fvMKvixi `ª‡eï cÖ‡Z¨K GK‡Ki †fvM GKB m‡½ m¤úbœ n‡e|  `ª‡eï wewfbœ GKK mgRvZxq n‡e|
 †fv³vi AvPiY hyw³kxj|  A‡_©i cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM w¯i|
 ZvwjKvq cÖKvk:
†gvU Dc‡hvM cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
Av‡gi cwigvY
(TU) (MU)
(GKK)
UvKvq UvKvq
1g 8 8
2q 15 7
3q 21 6
4_© 26 5
5g 30 4
6ô 30 0
7g 29 -1

Pvwn`vi aviYv

32
 †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q †µZv wewfbœ `v‡g GKwU `ª‡e¨i †h wewfbœ cwigvY µq Ki‡Z cÖ¯‧Z _v‡K Zv‡K ejv nq Pvwn`v|

 Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡j mvaviYZ `ª‡eï `vg evo‡j Pvwn`v K‡g Avi `vg Kg‡j Pvwn`v ev‡o| `ª‡eï `vg hZ †ewk ev Kg n‡e, Pvwn`vi
ZZ Kg ev †ewk n‡e| A_©vr `ª‡eï `v‡gi mv‡_ Pvwn`vi m¤úK© wecixZ| `ª‡eï `vg I Pvwn`vi I wµqvMZ m¤úK©‡K Pvwn`v wewa ev Pvwn`vi wbqg
ejv nq|
Dx= f(Px) GLv‡b, D x  Pvwn`vi cwigvY, Px = `vg, f = A‡cÿK|
Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v ej‡Z †µZvi Avq, iæwP, msL¨v, cwieZ©K I cwic~iK `ªe¨ BZ¨vw` welq Pvwn`v wewa‡Z AšÍf©y³ Ki‡j mgxKiY wb¤œiƒc n‡e|-
D x  f ( Px , Ps , Pc , Y, T, E, N )
GLv‡b, D x  Pvwn`vi cwigvY, Px = `ª‡eï `vg, Ps = cwieZ©K `ª‡eï `vg, Pc = cwic~iK `ª‡eï `vg, Y= †fv³vi Avq, T= mgq, E=
`v‡gi fwel¨r cwieZ©b m¤ú‡K© Abygvb, N= †fv³vi msL¨v, f = A‡cÿK|
Pvwn`vi m~wP
`ª‡eï `vg `ª‡eï Pvwn`v
1 UvKv 8 GKK
2 UvKv 6 GKK
3 UvKv 4 GKK
4 UvKv 2 GKK

 Pvwn`v wewai e¨wZµg:

 iæwP I Af¨v‡mi cwieZ©b  wM‡db `ªe¨  †fe‡jb `ªe¨ †µZvi AÁZv
 Av‡qi cwieZ©b  fwel¨r `vg cwieZ©‡bi m¤¢vebv  wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î Ae¯vMZ KviY
 †kqvi evRvi  weKí wKsev cwic~iK `ªe¨  Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi cwieZ©b
GKwU KvíwbK Pvwn`v m~wP n‡Z Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b|
GKK cÖwZ `vg Pvwn`vi cwigvY
1 UvKv 8 GKK
2 UvKv 6 GKK
3 UvKv 4 GKK
4 UvKv 2 GKK

e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v †iLv †_‡K evRvi Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b:

cÖwZ GKK `ª‡e¨i `vg ÔKÕ †fv³vi Pvwn`v (Q1) ÔLÕ †fv³vi Pvwn`v (Q2) evRvi Pvwn`v (Q)=Q1+Q2
4 UvKv 15 GKK 20 GKK 35 GKK
6 UvKv 10 GKK 15 GKK 25 GKK
8 UvKv 5 GKK 10 GKK 15 GKK

33
 Pvwn`vi wba©vi‡Ki m~ÎwU n‡jv: Qx  f ( Px , P, Pc , Y, T, E, N, A, G, T, IT ) GLv‡b, Qx = Pvwn`vi cwigvY, Px = `ª‡eï `vg, Ps =
cwieZ©K `ª‡eï `vg, Pc  cwic~iK `ª‡eï `vg, Y=‡fv³vi Avq, T=mgq, E= `v‡gi fwel¨r cwieZ©b m¤ú‡K© Abygvb, N= †fv³vi msL¨v,
A= weÁvcb, G= miKv‡ii f‚wgKv, T= †fv³vi iæwP, IT  AvšÍR©vwZK evwY‡Rï aiY f= A‡cÿK|
 A‡cÿK : `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ wbf©ikxjZvi m¤úK© cÖKv‡ki MvwYwZK c×wZ‡K A‡cÿK e‡j| A_©vr `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK PjK hLb
cvi¯úwiK we‡kl m¤ú‡K© Ave× nq ZLb Zvi MvwYwZK cÖKvk‡K A‡cÿK e‡j|
Y= f(x) GLv‡b, Y = Aaxb ev wbf©ikxj PjK X= ¯^vaxb PjK f = A‡cÿK|

 Pvwn`v mgxKiY MVb: ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï wewfbœ `v‡g Zvi Pvwn`vi cwigvY †Ìqv _vK‡j m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ Pvwn`v mgxKiY wbY©q Kiv hvq|
Avgiv Rvwb, Pvwn`v mgxKiY: Qd = a-bp ‡hLv‡b, Qd= Pvwn`vi cwigvY P= `vg a,b= aªæeK ev civwgwZ
g‡b Kwi, †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï `vg hLb 4 UvKv Pvwn`vi cwigvY ZLb 20 GKK| `vg K‡g 3 UvKv n‡j Pvwn`vi cwigvY †e‡o 30 GKK nq| G‡ÿ‡Î
`ªe¨wUi Pvwn`v mgxKiY wbY©q Kiv hvq|
G‡ÿ‡Î Pvwn`vi mgxKiY wbY©‡qi m~ÎwU n‡e- GLv‡b, d= Pvwn`vi cwigvY Q1= cÖv_wgK Pvwn`v (20) Q2= cwiewZ©Z Pvwn`v (30)
P= `vg P1= cÖv_wgK `vg (4) P2 = cwiewZ©Z `vg (3)
Qd  Q1 P  P1

Q1  Q2 P1  P2
Qd  20 P  4
 
20  30 4  3
Qd  20 P  4
 
 10 1
 Qd  20  10 P  40
 Qd  40  20  10 P
 Qd  60  10 P. hv GKwU Pvwn`v mgxKiY‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|

34
 Xvj: mvaviYZ †Kv‡bv A‡cÿ‡Ki `ywU m¤úK©hy³ Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Aaxb Pj‡Ki †h cwieZ©b nq, Zv‡`i AbycvZ‡K Xvj
e‡j|
j¤^ `~iZ¡ ev cwieZ©b
Xvj = Avbyf~wgK `~iZ¡ ev cwieZ©b
 †iLvi Xvj: GKwU mnR m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †h †Kv‡bv †iLvi Xvj wbY©q Kiv hvq| †iLvi Xv‡ji m~ÎwU wb¤œiƒc-
Aaxb ev wbf©ikxj Pj‡Ki cwieZ©b
‡iLvi Xvj = ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©b
j¤^ A‡ÿi cwieZ©‡bi cwigvY
 Xvj = f‚wg A‡ÿi cwieZ©‡bi cwigvY
abvZ¥K Xvj:  FYvZ¥K Xvj:

 wewfbœ ai‡bi mij‡iLvi Xvj wbY©q:

 DaŸ©Mvgx  wb¤œMvgx  f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj  j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj

GKwU eµ‡iLvi Xv‡ji cwigvY:

j¤^ `~iZ¡ OY0
A we›`y‡Z eµ‡iLvi Xvj = |
Avbyf‚wgK `~iZ¡ OX0
j¤^ `~iZ¡ OY0 OY1
Avevi B we›`y‡Z eµ‡iLvi Xvj = = |
Avbyf‚wgK `~iZ¡ OX0 OX1
Gfv‡e ‡Kv‡bv eµ‡iLvi †h †Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K A¼b K‡i IB we›`yi Xvj wbY©q Kiv hvq|

35
 mij‡iLvi wewfbœ we›`y‡Z Xvj w¯i ev GKB nq|
Y 20  10 10 1
A we›`yi Xvj (A †_‡K B we›`yi cwieZ©b) =   
X 300  400  100 10
Y 30  20 10 1
B we›`yi Xvj (B †_‡K C we›`yi cwieZ©b) =   
X 200  300  100 10
Y 40  30 10 1
C we›`yi Xvj (C †_‡K D we›`yi cwieZ©b) =   
X 100  200  100 10
Y 30  40  10 1
D we›`yi Xvj (D †_‡K C we›`yi cwieZ©b) =   
X 200  100 100 10
DcwiD³ Av‡jvPbvi †cÖwÿ‡Z ej‡Z cvwi GKwU mij‡iLvi wewfbœ we›`y‡Z Xvj w¯i ev GKB _v‡K|
 Pvwn`vi ms‡KvPb I cÖmviY:  Pvwn`vi n«vm-e„w×

 cwieZ©K `ªe¨: †Kv‡bv GKwU `ª‡e¨i cwie‡Z© hw` Ab¨ Av‡iKwU `ªe¨ †fvM Kiv hvq A_©vr †Kv‡bv we‡kl `ª‡e¨i Afve Ab¨ `ªe¨ †fv‡Mi gva¨‡g c~iY
Kiv m¤¢e n‡j mswkøó `ªe¨ `y‡Uv‡K weKí `ªe¨ ev cwieZ©K `ªe¨ ejv nq| Pv cv‡bi Afve Kwd cvb Øviv c~iY Kiv hvq|

 cwic~iK `ªe¨: †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó `ªe¨ †fvM Kivi Rb¨ GKBmv‡_ Ab¨ `ª‡e¨i †fvM Acwinvh© n‡q co‡j †mB `ªe¨mg~n‡K G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK `ªe¨
ejv nq| †hgb- Mvwo Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ †c‡Uªvj/AK‡Ub cÖ‡qvRb nq ZvB Mvwo I †c‡Uªvj cwic~iK `ªe¨|

 Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv: `v‡gi kZKiv cwieZ©b Ges Gi d‡j Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Y kZKiv cwieZ©b I `yB‡qi AbycvZ‡KB Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv ev
Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv ejv nq| m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv-
Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi kZKiv cwieZ©b
Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv = `v‡gi kZKiv cwieZ©b GLv‡b,
Ed  Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv
Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi cwieZ©b `v‡gi cwieZ©b
= cÖv_wgK Pvwn`v ÷ cÖv_wgK `vg Q = Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi cwieZ©b
Q P Q P Q P Q  cÖv_wgK Pvwn`v
ev, E d   =  =  P  `v‡gi cwieZ©b
Q P Q P P Q
P = cÖv_wgK `vg

36
 Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi wewfbœ aviYv:
 Pvwn`vi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv:‡Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Y †h cwieZ©b N‡U, Zv‡K Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j|
Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv
Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Y cwieZ©‡bi nvi Q P GLv‡b,
Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv = Ed   Ep  Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv
`v‡gi kZKiv cwieZ©b Q P
Pvwn`vi cwieZ©‡bi cwigvY `v‡gi cwieZ©b Q P Q  Pvwn`vi cwieZ©‡bi cwigvY
= cÖv_wgK Pvwn`v ÷ cÖv_wgK `vg   Q= cÖv_wgK Pvwn`v
Q P
P = `v‡gi cwieZ©b
Q P
  P = cÖv_wgK `vg|
P Q

D`vniY: †Kvb `ª‡e¨i cÖv_wgK `vg hLb 20 UvKv, Pvwn`vi cwigvY ZLb 200 GKK| `vg cwiewZ©Z n‡q 19 UvKv n‡j Pvwn`vi cwigvY e„w× †c‡q
210 UvKv n‡jv|
Avgiv Rvwb,
Q Q
EP  
P P
10 20
 
 1 200
 1

Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZvi †ÿ‡Î (-) wPý‡K BM‡bvi Kiv nq| ZvB E p  1 |
Pvwn`vi Avq w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv: ‡µZvi Avw_©K Av‡qi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j wewfbœ `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v wewfbœ cwigv‡Y cwiewZ©Z nq| †µZvi Av‡qi cwieZ©‡bi
d‡j Ges `vg AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡j †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v †h cwieZ©b N‡U Zvi nvi‡K Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j|
Q Y GLv‡b,
Pvwn`v Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv- Ey   Ey  Pvwn`vi Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv
Pvwn`vi cwieZ©‡bi nvi Q Y
Pvwn`vi Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv = Avq cwieZ©‡bi nvi
Q Y Q  Pvwn`vi cwieZ©‡bi cwigvY
Pvwn`vi cwieZ©‡bi cwigvY Av‡qi cwieZ©b =  Q  cÖv_wgK Pvwn`v
= ÷ cÖv_wgK Avq Q Y
cÖv_wgK Pvwn`v Y  Av‡qi cwieZ©b
Q Y
=  Y  cÖv_wgK Avq|
Y Q

 Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv: A‡bK †ÿ‡Î GKwU wRwb‡mi `vg cwiewZ©Z nIqvi d‡j Ab¨ wRwb‡mi Pvwn`v cwiewZ©Z n‡q _v‡K| Giƒc GKwU
wRwb‡mi `vg cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Ab¨ wRwb‡mi Pvwn`v cwieZ©‡bi nvi‡K AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv ejv nq|
X `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi cwieZ©‡bi nvi
Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv =
Y `ª‡eï `vg cwieZ©‡bi nvi
X `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi cwieZ©‡bi nvi
X `ª‡eï g~j Pvwn`v
Y `ª‡eï `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi cwigvY
Y `ª‡eï g~j `vg|

Qx Py GLv‡b,

Ec   Ec  Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv
Qx Py
Qx  x `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi cwieZ©‡bi cwigvY
Qx Py
  Qx  x `ª‡eï cÖv_wgK Pvwn`v
Qx Py
Py  Y `ª‡eï `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi cwigvY
Qx Py Py  Y `ª‡eï cÖv_wgK `vg
 
Py Qx
 w¯’wZ¯’vcK Ges Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`v: w¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`v: `ª‡eï `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi Zzjbvq
hw` Pvwn`vi cwigvY cwieZ©‡bi nvi †ewk nq, Z‡e Zv‡K w¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v e‡j|
†hgb-‡Uwjwfkb, †gvUiMvwo, `vwg Mnbv BZ¨vw`|
m~wPi mvnv‡h¨ w¯wZ¯vcKZv Pvwn`vi e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv-

37
`ª‡eï `vg (GKK) Pvwn`vi cwigvY `v‡gi kZKiv cwieZ©b Pvwn`vi kZKiv cwieZ©b
10 UvKv 100 GKK 10  8 200  100
8 UvKv 200 GKK  100  100
10 100
2 100
  100   100
10 100
 20 %  100%
 Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`v: `ª‡eï `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi Zzjbvq hw` Pvwn`vi cwigvY cwieZ©‡bi nvi Kg nq, Z‡e Zv‡K Aw¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v e‡j| ‡hgb-
‡gvUv Pvj, jeY, †Zj BZ¨vw` Pvwn`v Aw¯wZ¯vcK nq| m~wPi mvnv‡h¨ Aw¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`vi e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv)
`ª‡eï `vg (GKK) Pvwn`vi cwigvY `v‡gi kZKiv cwieZ©b Pvwn`vi kZKiv cwieZ©b
20 UvKv 100 GKK 20  5 110  100
5 UvKv 110 GKK  100  100
20 100
15 10
  100   100
20 100
 75 %  10%
GKK w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv
cÖwZ GKK `ª‡eï `vg weµ‡qi cwigvY ‡gvU e¨q w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv
5 UvKv 8 GKK 40 UvKv Ed=1
4 UvKv 10 GKK 40 UvKv
2 UvKv 20 GKK 40 UvKv

 GKK A‡cÿv ‡ewk Aw¯’wZ¯’vcKZv

cÖwZ GKK `ª‡e¨i `vg weµ‡qi cwigvY ‡gvU e¨q w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv
5 UvKv 8 GKK 40 UvKv Ed>1
4 UvKv 12 GKK 48 UvKv
2 UvKv 30 GKK 60 UvKv

 GKK A‡cÿv Kg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv

cÖwZ GKK `ª‡e¨i `vg weµ‡qi cwigvY ‡gvU e¨q w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv
5 UvKv 8 GKK 40 UvKv Ed<1
4 UvKv 9 GKK 36 UvKv
3 UvKv 10 GKK 30 UvKv
 k~b¨ w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv:
cÖwZ GKK `ª‡e¨i `vg weµ‡qi cwigvY ‡gvU e¨q w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv
1 UvKv 10 GKK 10 UvKv Ed=0
3 UvKv 10 GKK 36 UvKv
8 UvKv 10 GKK 80 UvKv

 Amxg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv:
cÖwZ GKK `ª‡e¨i `vg weµ‡qi cwigvY ‡gvU e¨q w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv
0.99 UvKv 100GKK 99 UvKv Ed= 
1.00 UvKv 10 GKK 10 UvKv
1.01 UvKv 1 GKK 1.01 UvKv

 Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv cwigv‡ci kZKiv c×wZ D

(K) Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZvi cwigvc:
 100
= D
Pvwn`vi kZvswkK cwieZ©b P
Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv (Ep)= `v‡gi kZvswkK cwieZ©b  100
P
Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b `v‡gi cwieZ©b ∆P D P D P
`v‡gi kZvswkK cwieZ©b × 100 cÖv_wgK `vg P
× 100 =   Ep = 
D P P D

38
(ii) Pvwn`vi Avq w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi cwigvY: D
Pvwn`vi kZvswkK cwieZ©b  100
Pvwn`vi Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv (Ey)= Av‡qi kZvswkK cwieZ©b D
=
Y
Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b ∆D  100
× 100 Y
cÖv_wgK Pvwn`v D
D Y
Av‡qi cwieZ©b ∆Y = 
cÖv_wgK Avq Y
× 100 D Y
D Y
 Ep = 
Y D
(iii) Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZvi cwigvc:
Dx
(Ec)=
x `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi kZvswkK cwieZ©b  100
Y `ª‡eï `v‡gi kZvswkK cwieZ©b = Dx
X `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b ∆DX Py
× 100  100
X `ª‡eï `v‡gi kZvswkK cwieZ©b Py
Y `ª‡eï Pvwn`v cwieZ©b ∆Py Dx Py
× 100 = 
Y `ª‡eï `v‡gi kZvswkK cwieZ©b Py Dx Py
Dx Py
 Ec = 
Py Dx

†hvMv‡bi aviYv
 mKj dvg© ev we‡µZv GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qI GKwU wbw`©ó `v‡g †h cwigvY `ªe¨ evRv‡i weµ‡qi Rb¨ wb‡q Av‡m, ZvB evRv‡i †mB we‡kl `ª‡eï ‡gvU
†hvMvb|
 †hvMvb I gRy` : A_©bxwZ †hvMvb I gRy` kã `ywU wfbœ A‡_© eëüZ nq|‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï, weµq‡hvM¨ †gvU cwigvY‡K gRy` e‡j| Ab¨w`‡K †Kv‡bv
wbw`©ó mg‡q wbw`©ó `v‡g we‡µZv gRy`K…Z `ª‡eï †h cwigvY wewµ Ki‡Z cÖ¯‧Z _v‡K Zv‡K †hvMvb e‡j|
 †hvMvb wewa: Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v AcwiewZ©Z ‡_‡K †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï `vg e„w× †c‡j †hvMvb e„w× cvq Ges `vg n«vm †c‡j †hvMvb n«vm cvq| GwUB n‡jv
†hvMvb wewa| GLv‡b Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v ej‡Z m¤úwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ `ª‡eï `vg, Ki, fZ©ywK, DcKi‡Yi `vg, cÖvK…wZK Ae¯v, KvwiMwi †K․kj BZ¨vw`
†evSvq| `vg I †hvMv‡bi m¤úK©‡K m~‡Î cÖKvk Kiv n‡jv- Sx=f(Px,Ps,P6,N,T,S)
GLv‡b, Sx= `ª‡eï †hvMvb Px= `ª‡eï `vg Ps= cwieZ©K `ª‡eï `vg Pc= cwic~iK `ª‡eï `vg Pf= DcKi‡Yi `vg
N= cÖvK…wZK Dcv`vb T= Ki S= fZ©ywK
 ZvwjKvi gva¨‡g †hvMvb wewa: ZvwjKvq †hvMvb wewa †`Lv‡bv n‡jv-
`ª‡eï `vg (P) `ª‡eï †hvMvb (S)
5 400
6 600
7 800
8 1000

 ‡hvMvb wewai e¨wZµg :

 mxgve× †hvMvb  cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b e¨q  kÖ‡gi †hvMvb  `y®úÖvc¨ e¯‧i †ÿ‡Î we‡µZvi aviYv
 cwienb mgm¨v  RbKj¨v‡Yi †ÿ‡Î  K…wl‡ÿ‡Î  cÖvK…wZK wech©q  †g․mywg `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î
 KvíwbK †hvMvb m~wP n‡Z †hvMvb †iLv A¼b
`ª‡e¨i `vg (P) ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY (S)
1 6
2 8
3 10
4 12
 †hvMvb †iLv Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx

39
 †hvMvb A‡cÿK: ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï †hvMv‡bi mv‡_ IB `ª‡eï `vg, Ab¨vb¨ `ª‡eï `vg, Drcv`‡bi DcKiYmg~‡ni `vg, KvwiMwi ev cÖhy w³ we`¨v Ges
Drcv`bKvixi jÿ¨mg~n m¤úK©hy³| G wee„wZ‡Z †h mvs‡KwZK wPý ev mgxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv nq, ZvB †hvMvb A‡cÿK| mvaviYZ †hvMvb
A‡cÿK n‡jv- Sx= f(Px, Pr, T, S, N, Fp, t)
‡hLv‡b, Sx = X `ª‡eï †hvMvb Px= X `ª‡eï `vg T= KvwiMwi Kjv‡K․kj w¯i
N= cÖvK…wZK Drcv`b mg~n w¯i f = A‡cÿK Pr=m¤úwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ `ª‡eï `vg w¯i
S= fZ©ywK w¯i Fp= Drcv`‡bi `vg w¯i t = Dcv`v‡bi `vg w¯i
A_©vr Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡j X `ª‡eï †hvMvb (Sx) Aek¨B Zvi wbR¯^ `vg (Px) Gi Ici wbf©i Ki‡e|
A_©vr, Sx = f (Px)
 †hvMvb †iLvi mgxKiY: `yB ev `yB‡qi AwaK Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ wbf©ikxjZvi m¤úK© A‡cÿ‡Ki gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv n‡j Zv GKwU mgxKi‡Y iƒcvšÍwiZ
nq| G‡ÿ‡Î †hvMvb mgxKiYwU nq S = c+dp
GLv‡b, S= †hvMv‡bi cwigvY P= `ª‡eï `vg c,d= civwgwZ ev aªæeK

 †hvMvb w¯wZ¯vcKZv: `ª‡eï `vg cwieZ©‡bi d‡j `ª‡eï †hvMv‡bi cwigvY cwiewZ©Z nq| G `yB cwieZ©‡bi nv‡ii AbycvZ‡K †hvMv‡bi
w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j| A_©vr `ª‡eï `vg cwieZ©‡bi nvi Ges Gi d‡j †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi nvi G `yB‡qi AbycvZ‡K †hvMv‡bi w¯wZ¯vcKZv ejv
nq|
‡hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi nvi
‡hvMv‡bi w¯wZ¯vcKZv = `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi nvi S P GLv‡b, Es  †hvMv‡bi w¯wZ¯vcKZv,
ev, Es   S = †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi cwigvY,
‡hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi cwigvY S P
cÖv_wgK †hvMvb S P S= cÖv_wgK †hvMvb,
`v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi cwigvY =  P = `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi cwigvY,
S P
cÖv_wgK `vg P= cÖv_wgK `vg|
S P
= 
p S

 w¯’wZ¯’vcK †hvMvb: `vg cwieZ©‡bi nvi n‡Z †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi nvi hw` †ewk nq, Zvn‡j Zv‡K w¯wZ¯vcK †hvMvb e‡j| GKK A‡cÿv †ewk
w¯wZ¯vKZvB n‡jv w¯wZ¯vcK †hvMvb| A_©vr Es  1 | †hgb-‡Uwjwfkb, wd«R, `vwg AvmevecÎ, †gvUiMvwo BZ¨vw` wkíRvZ `ª‡e¨i †hvMvb
w¯wZ¯vcK|

40
 Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK †hvMvb: hLb `vg cwieZ©‡bi nvi n‡Z †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi nvi Kg nq, Zv‡K Aw¯wZ¯vcK †hvMvb e‡j| `ª‡e¨i `v‡gi ciweZ©‡bi
nvi A‡cÿv Zvi †hvMv‡bi cwigv‡Yi cwieZ©‡bi nvi Kg n‡j Zv‡K Aw¯wZ¯vcK †hvMvb ejv nq| A_©vr Ed<1|

 †hvMv‡bi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi cwigvc

`ª‡e¨i `vg ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvc `vg cwieZ©‡bi nvi ‡hvMvb cwieZ©‡bi nvi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv
1 UvKv 1 GKK
100% 100% Es=1
2 UvKv 2 GKK

GKK A‡cÿv †ewk w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv:

`ª‡e¨i `vg ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvc `vg cwieZ©‡bi nvi ‡hvMvb cwieZ©‡bi nvi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv
1 UvKv 1 GKK
100% 100% Es>1
2 UvKv 4 GKK

 GKK A‡cÿv Kg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv :

`ª‡e¨i `vg ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvc `vg cwieZ©‡bi nvi ‡hvMvb cwieZ©‡bi nvi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv
1 UvKv 100 GKK
100% 50% Es<1
1 UvKv 150 GKK

 k~b¨ w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv:
`ª‡e¨i `vg ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvc `vg cwieZ©‡bi nvi ‡hvMvb cwieZ©‡bi nvi w¯wZ¯vcKZv
1 GKK 4 GKK
100% 0% Es=1
2 UvKv 4 GKK

 Amxg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv:
`ª‡e¨i `vg ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvc `vg cwieZ©‡bi nvi ‡hvMvb cwieZ©‡bi nvi w¯wZ¯vcKZv
4 GKK 2 GKK
0% 100% Es= 
2 UvKv 4 GKK

fvimvg¨
 Ôfvimvg¨Õ Bs‡iwR Equilibrium k‡ãi cÖwZkã| j¨vwUb ÔGKzqvmÕ (Acquas) Ges ÔwjeªvÕ (Libra) kã †_‡K Equilibrium ev fvimvg¨ kãwU
G‡m‡Q| ÔGKzqvmÕ k‡ãi A_© mgvb Ges ÔwjeªvÕ A_© Abo Ae¯v| Kv‡RB Equilibrium kãwU Øviv `ywU ci®úiwe‡ivax e¯‧ ev kw³i mvg¨
Ae¯v‡K †evSvq| hLb †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i MwZkxj wecixZgyLx kw³mg~n Ggb GKwU Ae¯vq †c․u‡Q †h Zv‡`i cwieZ©‡bi Avi †Kv‡bv cÖeYZv _v‡K bv
†m Ae¯v‡K Ôfvimvg¨Õ ejv nq|

41
 fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wba©viY: Pvwn`v A‡cÿK n‡jv Qd  f ( P) Ges †hvMvb A‡cÿK n‡jv Qs  f ( P)
 fvimvg¨ n‡jv Q d  Qs GLv‡b, Q d  Pvwn`vi cwigvY, Qs  †hvMv‡bi cwigvY, P  `ª‡e¨i `vg, f  A‡cÿK
`ª‡e¨i `vg Pvwn`vi cwigvY ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY m¤úK© `v‡gi Ici evRvi
(P) (UvKvq) (Qd) (GK‡K) (Qs) (GK‡K) cÖwZwµqv Ae¯v
1 12 4 Q d  Qs `vg e„w× cv‡e NvUwZ
2 8 8 Q d  Qs fvimvg¨ `vg fvimvg¨
I cwigvY
3 4 12 Q d  Qs `vg n«vm cv‡e DØ„Ë

 †hvMvb w¯’i †_‡K Pvwn`v cwieZ©‡bi  Pvwn`vi w¯’i ‡_‡K †hvMvb cwieZ©‡bi  Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi GKBmv‡_ cwieZ©‡bi

QK AvKv‡i wØZxq Aa¨v‡qi Av‡jvPbv

Ávbg~jK cÖkœ I DËi DËi: MwYZkv‡¯¿ †hme welq ev ivwki gvb cwiewZ©Z nq †m¸‡jvB PjK|
cÖkœ: Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kv‡K e‡j? cÖkœ: Xvj Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi: †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï `v‡gi kZKiv ev Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©‡bi d‡j IB DËi: †Kv‡bv A‡cÿ‡Ki `ywU m¤úwK©Z Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki
`ª‡eï Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi †h kZKiv ev Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©b nq GB cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Aaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©‡bi AbycvZ‡K Xvj e‡j|
`yB‡qi AbycvZ‡K Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j| cÖkœ: †iLvi Xvj Kx?
cÖkœ: A‡cÿK Kx? DËi: ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki gv‡bi mvgvb¨ cwieZ©‡bi d‡j wbf©ikxj Pj‡Ki †h
DËi: `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Pj‡Ki ga¨Kvi wbf©ikxjZvi m¤úK©‡K MvwYwZK cwieZ©b nq, Zvi AbycvZ †iLvi gva¨‡g cwigvc KivB †iLvi Xvj|
Dcv‡q cÖKv‡ki c×wZ‡K A‡cÿK e‡j| cÖkœ: Pvwn`vi Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kv‡K e‡j?
cÖkœ: †iLvi Xvj Kv‡K e‡j? DËi: Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v AcwiewZ©Z †_‡K †µZvi Av‡qi cwieZ©b K‡i
DËi: †iLvi †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó we›`yi Xvj ej‡Z IB we›`y †_‡K Aaxb I Pvwn`vi mvov †Ìqvi gvÎv‡K Pvwn`vi Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j|
¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©‡bi AbycvZ‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| cÖkœ: Dc‡hvM Kv‡K e‡j?
Y Pj‡Ki cwieZ©b DËi: †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï gvby‡li Afve ‡gUv‡bvi ÿgZv‡K Dc‡hvM e‡j|
A_©vr, †iLvi Xvj = cÖkœ: Pvwn`v A‡cÿK Kx?
X Pj‡Ki cwieZ©b
cÖkœ: cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Kx? DËi: Pvwn`vi wewa‡K †h mvs‡KwZK wPý ev mgxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g cÖKvk
DËi:†Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q wbw`©ó `v‡g †fv³v GKwU `ª‡eï AwZwi³ GK Kiv hvq ZvB Pvwn`v A‡cÿK|
GKK †fv‡Mi d‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM hZUzKz e„w× cvq ZvB H `ª‡eï cÖvwšÍK cÖkœ: Pvwn`v Kx?
Dc‡hvM| DËi: †Kv‡bv wKQz cvIqv ev †fvM Kivi B”Qv‡K Pvwn`v e‡j|
cÖkœ: Pvwn`vi ms‡KvPb Kx? cÖkœ: †hvMvb Kx?
DËi: `ª‡eï `vg e„w× †c‡j mvaviYZ Pvwn`vi cwigvY K‡g hvq| Gfv‡e DËi: †Kvb wbw`©ó mg‡q wbw`©ó `v‡g Drcv`bKvix Zvi gRy` †_‡K †h
Pvwn`v K‡g hvIqvi cÖeYZvB Pvwn`vi ms‡KvPb| cwigvY cY¨ weµq Ki‡Z cÖ¯‧Z _v‡K ZvB †hvMvb|
cÖkœ: PjK wK? cÖkœ: evRvi fvimvg¨ Kv‡K e‡j?
42
DËi: †hme evRvi eë¯vq AwZwi³ Pvwn`v I †hvMvb _v‡K bv, Pvwn`v I cÖkœ: evRvi Pvwn`v m~wP wK?
†hvMv‡bi g‡a¨ fvimvg¨ _v‡K ZvB evRvi fvimvg¨| DËi: evRv‡i mKj ‡µZvi Pvwn`v †hvM Ki‡j †h evRvi Pvwn`v cvIqv
cÖkœ: Pvwn`v wewa Kx? hvq Zvi ZvwjKv‡K evRvi Pvwn`v m~wP e‡j|
DËi: Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v AcwiewZ©Z †_‡K †Kv‡bv ¯^vfvweK `ª‡eï `vg evo‡j cÖkœ: e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v Kx?
Zvi Pvwn`v K‡g Ges `vg Kg‡j Zvi Pvwn`v ev‡o| `vg I Pvwn`vi Giƒc DËi: GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q wewfbœ `v‡g GKRb †µZv †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï †h
wecixZgyLx m¤úK©‡K †h wewai gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv nq Zv‡K Pvwn`v wewa cwigvY µq Ki‡Z B”QzK _v‡K Zv‡K e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v e‡j|
e‡j| cÖkœ: evRvi Pvwn`v Kx?
cÖkœ: †hvMvb wewa Kx? DËi: evRv‡i mKj †µZvi Pvwn`vi †hvMdj‡K evRvi Pvwn`v e‡j|
DËi: Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v w¯i _vK‡j, D”PZi `v‡g †hvMvb e„w× cvq Ges cÖkœ: Awew”Qbœ PjK Kv‡K e‡j?
wb¤œZg `v‡g †hvMvb n«vm cvq| `vg I †hvMv‡bi Giƒc wµqvMZ m¤úK©‡K DËi: †h Pj‡Ki gvb †h‡Kv‡bv ev¯Íe msL¨v n‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡K Awew”Qbœ
†hvMvb wewa e‡j| PjK e‡j|
cÖkœ: Dc‡hvM ej‡Z wK †evSvq? cÖkœ: Pvwn`v mgxKiY ej‡Z wK †evS?
DËi: Dc‡hvM ej‡Z †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ ev †mevi H we‡kl ¸Y‡K †evSvq hv DËi: †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï `v‡gi mv‡_ Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi m¤ú‡K©i gvÎv I cÖK…wZ
Øviv gvby‡li we‡kl Afve †gUv‡bv m¤¢e| †h mgxKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv nq Zv‡K Pvwn`v mgxKiY e‡j|
cÖkœ: aªæeK Kx? cÖkœ: mvaviY A‡_© †hvMvb Kx?
DËi: †hme welq ev ivwki gvb †Kv‡bv Ae¯v‡ZB cwiewZ©Z nq bv Zv‡K DËi: mvaviY A‡_© weµq‡hvM¨ ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï †h cwigvY evRv‡i eZ©gvb
aªæeK e‡j| _v‡K, Zv‡K †hvMvb e‡j|
cÖkœ: A_©eë¯v Kv‡K e‡j? cÖkœ: †hvMvb m~wP wK?
DËi: cÖ‡Z¨K †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Kvhv©ewj †m †`‡ki cÖwZôvbMZ I DËi: †hvMvb wewa‡K hLb ZvwjKvi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K
AvBbMZ KvVv‡gvq cwiPvwjZ nq| G cÖvwZôvwbK I AvBbMZ KvVv‡gv‡K †hvMvb m~wP e‡j|
A_©eë¯v e‡j| cÖkœ: ‡hvMvb †iLv Kx?
cÖkœ: cwieZ©K `ªe¨ Kx? DËi: †hvMvb †iLv n‡jv †hvMvb m~wPi R¨vwgwZK cÖKvk|
DËi: hw` `yBwU `ª‡eï g‡a¨ GKwUi cwie‡Z© Ab¨wU †fvM K‡i cÖvq mgvb cÖkœ: †hvMv‡bi GKK w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kx?
Dc‡hvM cvIqv hvq| Z‡e `ªe¨ `ywUi GKwU‡K AciwUi cwieZ©K `ªe¨ ejv DËi: `vg †h nv‡i cwieZ©b nq, †hvMv‡bi cwigvYI hw` GKB nv‡i
nq| cwieZ©b nq Z‡e Zv‡K †hvMv‡bi GKK w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j|
cÖkœ: Pvwn`vi •ewkó¨ KqwU? cÖkœ: GK‡Ki AwaK †hvMvb w¯wZ¯vcKZv ej‡Z wK †evS?
DËi: Pvwn`vi •ewkó¨ 5wU| DËi: `v‡gi cwieZ©b A‡cÿv †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©b †ewk n‡j Zv‡K
cÖkœ: Dc‡hvM aviYvwU wK‡mi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? GK‡Ki AwaK †hvMvb w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j|
DËi: Dc‡hvM aviYvwU gvbwmKZvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z| cÖkœ: Amxg †hvMvb w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kx?
cÖkœ: †gvU Dc‡hvM ej‡Z wK †evS? DËi: `v‡gi AwZ ÿz`ª cwieZ©b A_ev †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b QvovB hw`
DËi: †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q GKRb †fv³v wewfbœ `ªe¨ †_‡K †h Dc‡hvM †hvMv‡bi cwigv‡Yi e¨vcK cwieZ©b nq Z‡e Zv‡K Amxg †hvMvb
jvf K‡i Zvi mgwó‡K †gvU Dc‡hvM e‡j| w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j|
cÖkœ: †KvbwUi Ici wfwË K‡i cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wbY©q Kiv nq? cÖkœ: fvimv‡gï Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã Kx?
DËi: †gvU Dc‡hv‡Mi Ici wfwË K‡i cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wbY©q Kiv nq| DËi: fvimv‡gï Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã Equilibrium|
cÖkœ: mvaviY A‡_© Pvwn`v Kx? cÖkœ: wjeªv A_© Kx?
DËi:mvaviY A‡_© †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ ev †mev cvIqvi B”Qv ev AvKv•Lv‡K Pvwn`v e‡j| DËi: wjeªv A_© Abo Ae¯v|
cÖkœ: A_©bxwZ‡Z Pvwn`v ej‡Z wK †evSvq? cÖkœ: fvimvg¨ ej‡Z wK ‡evSvq?
DËi: †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q wbw`©ó `v‡g GKRb †µZv, †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï †h cwigvY µq DËi: hLb †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï MwZkxj wecixZgyLx kw³mg~n Ggb GKwU
K‡i ev µq Kivi B”Qv cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K A_©bxwZ‡Z Pvwn`v e‡j| Ae¯vq †c․u‡Q †h Zv‡ì cwieZ©‡bi Avi m¤¢vebv _v‡K bv †m Ae¯v‡K
cÖkœ: cwic~iK `ªe¨ Kv‡K e‡j? fvimvg¨ ejv nq|
DËi: `ywU `ª‡eï g‡a¨ GKwU †fvM evov‡Z n‡j hw` Ab¨wUiI evov‡Z nq cÖkœ: †fv³i g~j D‡Ïk¨ Kx?
Z‡e `ªe¨`ywU‡K G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK `ªe¨ e‡j| DËi: †fv³vi g~j D‡Ïk¨ Dc‡hvM m‡ev©”P Kiv|
cÖkœ: Pvwn`v m~wP wK? cÖkœ: gRy` Kx?
DËi: †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï wewfbœ `v‡g Pvwn`vi wewfbœ cwigvY ‡h ZvwjKvq DËi: weµq‡hvM¨ `ª‡eï †gvU cwigvYB gRy`|
†`Lv‡bv nq Zv‡K Pvwn`v m~wP e‡j| cÖkœ: A_©bxwZ‡Z Dc‡hvM Kx?
cÖkœ: Pvwn`v †iLv Kv‡K e‡j? DËi: A_©bxwZ‡Z Dc‡hvM ej‡Z †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï g‡a¨ gvby‡li Afve
DËi: †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q wewfbœ `v‡g †µZv GKwU `ª‡eï †h wewfbœ cwigvY †gvP‡bi ev c~i‡Yi ÿgZv‡K †evSv‡bv nq|
µq K‡i Zv †h †iLvi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡bv nq Zv‡K Pvwn`v ‡iLv e‡j| Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ I DËi
cÖkœ: Pvwn`vi wba©viK Kx? cÖkœ 1| Kxiƒc `ª‡eï ‡¶‡Î AvovAvwo Pvwn`v m„wó K‡i? eywS‡q ‡jL |
DËi: †Kv‡bv †µZv GKwU `ª‡eï Kx cwigvY µq K‡i Zv †h wel‡qi DËi: `ywU `ªe¨ G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK ev cwieZ©K n‡Z cv‡i | Giƒc cwic~iK
Ici wbf©i K‡i Zv‡ì‡K Pvwn`vi wba©viK e‡j| I cwieZ©K `ª‡eï ‡¶‡Î Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv m„wó nq|
cÖkœ: wbK…ó `ªe¨ Kv‡K e‡j? g‡b Kwi, x `ª‡eï Pvwn`v A‡c¶K, Qx = f(Px, Ps, Pc, Y ......)
DËi: †fv³vi Avq evo‡j †h `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi cwigvY c~‡e©i †P‡q K‡g hvq ‡hLv‡b, Px = x `ª‡eï `vg
Zv‡K wbK…ó `ªe¨ e‡j| Ps = x `ª‡eï cwieZ©K `ª‡eï `vg
cÖkœ: e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v m~wP Kx? Pc = x `ª‡eï cwic~iK `ª‡eï `vg
DËi: GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q wewfbœ `v‡g GKRb †µZv †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï †h cwigvY
Y = ‡µZvi Avq |
µq Ki‡Z B”QzK _v‡K Zvi ZvwjKv‡K e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v m~wP e‡j|

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GLb PX I Y w¯i ‡_‡K hw` cwic~iK I cwieZ©K `ª‡eï `v‡gi DËi : µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai kZ©¸‡jv n‡jv-
cwieZ©b N‡U Z‡e x `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi I cwieZ©b NU‡e| AZGe ejv hvq, i. ‡fvMKvixi Dc‡hvM msL¨vq cwigvc Kiv hvq|
m¤úK©hy³ `ª‡eï ‡¶‡Î ‡Kv‡bv GKwU `ª‡eï `v‡gi Av‡cw¶K cwieZ©‡bi ii. ‡fvMKvixi cQ›`, iæwP Ges Avw_©K Avq AcwieZ©bxq |
d‡j m¤úwK©Z Ab¨ `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi ‡h Av‡cw¶K cwieZ©b N‡U, Zvi iii. ‡fvMKvixi weKí ev cwic~iK `ª‡eï `v‡gi cwieZ©b NU‡e bv|
AbycvZ‡K Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j | iv. cÖviw¤¢K ch©v‡q ‡fv‡Mi GKKmg~n Ach©vß n‡e bv |
cÖkœ 2| R¡vjvwb ‡Z‡ji `vg evo‡j Mvwoi Pvwn`v K‡g ‡Kb? v. `ª‡eï wewfbœ GKK mgRvZxq|
DËi : R¡vjvwb ‡Z‡ji mv‡_ Mvwoi Pvwn`vi cwic~iK m¤úK© we`¨gvb| cÖkœ 10| cwieZ©K `ªe¨ ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
Giƒc ‡¶‡Î GKwU `ª‡eï `vg e„w× ‡c‡j Aci `ª‡eï Pvwn`v n«vm cvq DËi : hw` `ywU `ª‡eï g‡a¨ GKwUi cwie‡Z© Ab¨wU ‡fvM K‡i cÖvq mgvb
Ges GKwU `ª‡eï `vg Kg‡j Aci `ª‡eï Pvwn`v e„w× cvq| A_©vr `vg I Dc‡hvM cvIqv hvq, Z‡e `ªe¨ `ywUi GKwU‡K Ab¨wUi cwieZ©K ev weKí `ªe¨
Pvwn`vi g‡a¨ wecixZgyLx m¤úK© we`¨gvb _v‡K| ‡hgb ‡Z‡ji `vg cÖwZ ejv nq| `ywU cwieZ©K `ª‡eï ‡¶‡Î GKwU `ª‡eï `vg evo‡j Ab¨wUi Pvwn`v
wjUvi hLb 50 UvKv ‡_‡K 80 UvKv nq ZLb Pvwn`v 80 GKK ‡_‡K evo‡e| ‡hgb- Pv I Kwd, wPwb I ¸o G‡K Ac‡ii cwieZ©K `ªe¨|
K‡g 50 GK‡K P‡j Av‡m| cÖkœ 11| cwic~iK `ªe¨ ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
cÖkœ 3| ‡gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ cÖavb GKwU cv_©K¨ eY©bv Ki| DËi : `ywU `ª‡eï g‡a¨ GKwUi ‡fvM e„w×i Rb¨ hw` Ab¨wUi ‡fvM e„w×i
DËi : ‡gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| wb‡P ‡gvU cÖ‡qvRb nq, Z‡e `ªe¨ `ywU‡K G‡K Ac‡ii cwic~iK ejv hvq| cwic~iK
Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ cÖavb GKwU cv_©K¨ eY©bv Kiv n‡jv- `ªe¨ mvaviYZ hyM¥fv‡e eëüZ nq Ges GKwUi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Ab¨wUiI
‡gvU Dc‡hvM cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM cÖ‡qvRb nq| ‡hgb- Pv I wPwb, Mvwo I ‡c‡U«vj BZ¨vw` cwic~iK `ªe¨|
`ª‡eï ‡fvM evo‡j ‡gvU Dc‡hvM `ª‡eï †fvM evo‡j cÖvwšÍK cÖkœ 12| e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI |
µgn«vmgvb nv‡i ev‡o| Dc‡hvM µgvš^‡q K‡g| DËi : ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q GKRb ‡µZv ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï wewfbœ `v‡g ‡h
cÖkœ 4 | Pvwn`v I ‡hvMvb wewai ‡g․wjK cv_©K¨¸‡jv ‡jL| cwigvY µq K‡i Zv‡K e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v e‡j| e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v e¨w³i
DËi : ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï evRvi `v‡gi mv‡_ Zvi Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi m¤úK© ‡h Avq, iæwP, cQ›` BZ¨vwì Ici wbf©i K‡i| Pvwn`v wewa Abyhvqx ‡µZv
wewai gva¨‡g ‡`Lv‡bv nq Zv‡K Pvwn`v wewa e‡j| Avi ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï Kg `v‡g ‡ewk cwigvY Ges ‡ewk `v‡g Kg cwigvY `ªe¨ µq K‡i|
evRvi `v‡gi mv‡_ Zvi ‡hvMv‡bi cwigv‡Yi m¤úK© ‡h wewai gva¨‡g Av‡jvP¨ `ª‡eï `v‡gi mv‡_ ‡fv³vi e¨w³MZ Pvwn`vi wbweofv‡e
‡`Lv‡bv nq Zv‡K ‡hvMvb wewa e‡j| Pvwn`v wewa‡Z `v‡gi mv‡_ Pvwn`vi m¤úwK©Z|
cwigv‡Yi abvZ¥K m¤úK© cÖKvk Kiv nq| Ab¨w`‡K, ‡hvMvb wewa‡Z cÖkœ 13|evRvi Pvwn`v m~wP ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq ?
`v‡gi mv‡_ ‡hvMv‡bi cwigv‡Yi abvZ¥K m¤úK© cÖKvk Kiv nq| DËi : evRv‡ii mKj ‡µZvi Pvwn`v ‡hvM Ki‡j evRvi Pvwn`v cvIqv
cÖkœ 5| ¯^vaxb PjK I Aaxb Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ ‡jL| hvq| A_©vr mKj e¨w³i Pvwn`v m~wPi ‡hvMdj n‡jv evRvi Pvwn`v m~wP|
DËi : ‡h PjK wb‡Ri gvb wb‡RB MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K ¯^vaxb PjK e‡j| evRvi Pvwn`v m~wP‡Z `ª‡eï wewfbœ `v‡g wewfbœ ‡fv³vi Pvwn`vi mgwó
Aciw`‡K, ‡h PjK gvb MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki Ici wbf©ikxj Zv‡K ‡`Lv‡bv nq| myZivs GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q evRv‡ii mKj ‡µZv GKwU
Aaxb PjK e‡j| ¯^vaxb PjK wb‡Ri gvb wb‡R MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡jI Aaxb `ª‡eï wewfbœ `v‡g ‡h wewfbœ cwigvY µq K‡i Zvi ZvwjKv‡K evRvi
PjK ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki Ici wbf©ikxj| ‡Kv‡bv A‡c¶‡K GK ev GKvwaK ¯^vaxb Pvwn`v m~wP e‡j|
PjK _vK‡Z cv‡i; wKš‧ Aaxb PjK gvÎ GKwU _v‡K| ¯^vaxb PjK ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© cÖkœ 14| A‡c¶K ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
I gvb cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cvi‡jI Aaxb PjK cv‡i bv| DËi : `yB ev `yB‡qi ‡ewk Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ wbf©ikxjZvi m¤úK©
cÖkœ 6| ‡fe‡jb `ªe¨ Kx e¨vL¨v Ki| MvwYwZKfv‡e cÖKvk Kiv n‡j Zv‡K A‡c¶K e‡j| A_©vr GK ev GKvwaK
DËi : RvuKRgK c‡Yï ‡¶‡Î Pvwn`v wewa Kvh©Ki nq bv| 'gvby‡li ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki gv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi Ici Aaxb Pj‡Ki gvb Kxfv‡e
gh©v`v e„w× K‡i Ggb `ªe¨ ‡c‡Z mK‡jB AvMÖnx| GRb¨ G ai‡bi `ª‡eï wbf©ikxj Zvi MvwYwZK cÖKvk‡K A‡c¶K ejv nq| A‡c¶K‡K
`vg evo‡jI Pvwn`v K‡g bv| mgv‡Ri GK ‡kÖwYi abx ‡jvK eû g~jëvb wb‡gœv³fv‡e cÖKvk Kiv nq|
`ªe¨ eënvi K‡i RvuKRgK cÖ`k©b K‡i Ges g‡b K‡i ‡h, Gi Øviv x = f(y) ‡hLv‡b, x = wbf©ikxj PjK
mgv‡R Zvi gh©v`v e„w× cvq| Dbwesk kZ‡Ki gvwK©b A_©bxwZwe` y = ¯^vaxb PjK
_m©‡UBb ‡fe‡jb Giƒc ‡fvM‡K RvuKRgK ‡fvM wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ f = A‡c¶‡Ki cÖZxK
K‡i‡Qb| GRb¨ Gme RvuKRgKc~Y© `ªe¨‡K ‡fe‡jb `ªe¨ ejv nq| ‡hgb- cÖkœ 15| PjK ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
`vwg Mvwo `vwg AjsKvi BZ¨vw`| DËi : ‡hme wel‡qi gvb cwiewZ©Z n‡Z cv‡i ev hv‡ì gvb wfbœ wfbœ
cÖkœ 7| ‡gvU Dc‡hv‡Mi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki| Ae¯vq wfbœ wfbœ nq, ZvB PjK| Aa¨vcK G. wm. wPqvs e‡jb,
DËi : ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï wewfbœ GKK µq Ki‡j ‡mB `ª‡eï wewfbœ GKK Ò‡Kv‡bvwKQy hvi gvb cwiewZ©Z n‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K PjK e‡j |Ó ‡Kv‡bv
‡_‡K cÖvß Dc‡hv‡Mi mgwó‡K ‡gvU Dc‡hvM e‡j| hw` GKRb ‡fv³v 1g GKwU `ª‡eï `vg wewfbœ Ae¯vq wewfbœ n‡Z cv‡i | GRb¨B `vg‡K PjK
Kgjv‡jeyi Rb¨ 12 UvKv, wØZxq Kgjv‡jeyi Rb¨ 10 UvKv Ges Z…Zxq e‡j| PjK‡K X, Y, Z BZ¨vw` cÖZxK Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
Kgjv‡jeyi Rb¨ 8 UvKv w`‡Z ivwR _v‡K Zvn‡j H ‡fv³vi ‡gvU Dc‡hvM cÖkœ 16| aªæeK ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
n‡e (12+10+8) = 30 UvKvi mgvb| ‡gvU Dc‡hvM‡K TU Øviv cÖKvk DËi : aªæeK GKwU w¯i ivwk| ‡hme welq ev ivwki gvb GKwU MvwYwZK
Kiv nq| cÖwµqvq memgq w¯i ev wbw`©ó _v‡K, Zv‡K aªæeK e‡j| BZ¨vw`| G‡ì
cÖkœ 8| µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewawU e¨vL¨v Ki| gvb mKj ‡hgb- cÖvK…wZK msL¨v 1, 2, 3 Ae¯v‡ZB GKB _v‡K| ‡Kv‡bv
DËi : ‡fv³v ‡Kv‡bv GKwU we‡kl cY¨ hZB AwaK cwigv‡Y ‡fvM Ki‡Z cwieZ©b nq bv| GQvov Bs‡iwR eY©gvjvi a, b, c I wMÖK eY©gvjvi
K‡qKwU A¶i ‡hgb - a, B, A. BZ¨vw` aªæeK wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq|
_v‡K ZZB IB c‡Yï cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM µgk n«vm ‡c‡Z _v‡K| ‡fv‡Mi
cÖkœ 17 | ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki aviYv eY©bv Ki |
cwigvY e„w×i d‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM K‡g hvIqvi G wbqg‡KB A_©bxwZ‡Z DËi : ‡h Pj‡Ki gvb Ab¨ ‡Kv‡bv Pj‡Ki gv‡bi Ici wbf©i K‡i bv A_©vr
µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa e‡j| A_©bxwZwe` P¨vcg¨vb I Avj‡d«W ‡h PjK ¯^vaxbfv‡e wb‡Ri gvb MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K ¯^vaxb PjK e‡j|
gvk©vj G wewawUi DbœZ iƒc ‡`b| ¯^vaxb PjK A‡c¶‡Ki mgZv wP‡ýi Wv‡b Ae¯vb K‡i ৷ ‡hgb- D = f(P),
GLv‡b ¯^vaxb PjK, hv wewfbœ gvb MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
cÖkœ 9| µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai kZ©¸‡jv eY©bv Ki | cÖkœ 18| Aaxb ev wbf©ikxj PjK ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
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DËi : ‡Kv‡bv A‡c¶‡Ki AšÍM©Z ‡h PjK Ab¨ PjK ev PjK¸‡jvi cÖkœ 26| GKK w¯’wZ¯’vcK ‡hvMvb m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI |
gv‡bi Ici wbf©ikxj Zv‡K Aaxb ev wbf©ikxj PjK e‡j| Ab¨fv‡e, ‡h DËi : `vg I ‡hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi nvi ci¯úi mgvb n‡j Zv‡K
PjK wb‡R wb‡Ri gvb MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv eis ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki gv‡bi ‡hvMv‡bi GKK w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j| ‡hgb- `v‡gi kZKiv 100 fvM
Ici wbf©ikxj Zv‡K Aaxb ev wbf©ikxj PjK e‡j| ‡hgb- D = f (P) cwieZ©b nIqvi d‡j ‡hvMvb I hw` kZKiv 100 fvM cwiewZ©Z nq
GLv‡b Pvwn`v (D) `v‡gi (P) Ici wbf©ikxj| ZvB Pvwn`v (D) n‡jv Zvn‡jv ‡hvMv‡bi w¯wZ¯vcKZv GK‡Ki mgvb n‡e| G‡¶‡Î `vg I
Aaxb ev wbf©ikxj PjK | ‡hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi nvi ci¯úi mgvb | A_©vr Es = 1 |
cÖkœ 19| A_©‣bwZK Pj‡Ki aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki| cÖkœ 27| GKK A‡c¶v ‡ewk w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv m¤ú‡K© eywS‡q ‡jL |
DËi : A_©bxwZi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z PjKmg~n n‡jv A_©‣bwZK PjK| A_©vr DËi : `vg cwieZ©‡bi nvi A‡c¶v ‡hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi nvi ‡ewk n‡j
A_©bxwZ‡Z ‡hme welq ev ivwki gvb wewfbœ ¯v‡b wewfbœ mg‡q wfbœ wfbœ ‡hvMv‡bi w¯wZ¯vcKZv GK‡Ki ‡ewk nq |
Ae¯vq wfbœ wfbœ nq, Zv‡ì‡K A_©‣bwZK PjK ejv nq| A_©‣bwZK ‡hgb `v‡gi kZKiv 100 fvM cwieZ©b nIqvi d‡j ‡hvMv‡bi hw`
PjKmg~n n‡jv- kZKiv 300 fvM cwieZ©b nq, Zvn‡j ‡hvMv‡bi w¯wZ¯vcKZv GKK
Pvwn`v (D). ‡hvMvb (S), `vq (P), ‡fvM (C), wewb‡qvM (I), Avq A‡c¶v ‡ewk nq| G‡¶‡Î `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi nvi A‡c¶v ‡hvMv‡bi
(Y), kÖg (L), g~jab (K) cÖf…wZ| cwieZ©‡bi nvi A‡c¶v ‡hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi nvi ‡ewk| A_©vr E > 1|
cÖkœ 28| fvimvg¨ ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
cÖkœ 20| PjK I aªæeK-Gi ga¨Kvi `ywU cv_©K¨ D‡jøL Ki|
DËi : PjK I aªæe‡Ki ga¨Kvi `ywU cv_©K¨ n‡jv- DËi : Ôfvimvg¨' Bs‡iwR 'Equilibrium' k‡ãi cÖwZkã| j¨vwUb
1. ‡hme ivwk ch©‡e¶YKv‡j wewfbœ msL¨K gvb MÖnY K‡i Zv‡ì‡K PjK 'GKyqvm' (Acquas) Ges wje«v; (Libra) kã ‡_‡K Equilibrium ev.
e‡j| Ôfvimvg¨' kãwU G‡m‡Q| ÔGKyqvm' k‡ãi A_© mgvb Ges wjev A_© Abo
c¶všÍ‡i, ‡hme ivwki gvb chv©‡e¶YKv‡j AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K Zv‡ì‡K Ae¯v| Kv‡RB 'Equilibrium' kãwUi Øviv `ywU ci¯úiwe‡ivax e¯‧ ev
aªæeK e‡j | kw³i mvg¨ Ae¯v‡K ‡evSvq| hLb ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï MwZkxj wecixZgyLx
2. Pj‡Ki gvb cwieZ©bkxj| ¯vb-Kvj-cvÎ‡f‡` Pj‡Ki gvb wewfbœ n‡Z cv‡i| kw³mg~n Ggb GKwU Ae¯vq ‡c․u‡Q ‡h Zv‡ì cwieZ©‡bi Avi ‡Kv‡bv
c¶všÍ‡i,aªæe‡Ki gvb AcwieZ©bkxj| Gi gvb memgq I me©¯v‡b w¯i _v‡K cÖeYZv _v‡K bv ‡m Ae¯v‡K 'fvimvg¨' ejv nq |
cÖkœ 21| Xvj-Gi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki| cÖkœ 29| fvimv‡gï Ici Pvwn`v cwieZ©‡bi djvdj e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi : A‡c¶‡Ki `ywU Pj‡Ki cwieZ©‡bi AbycvZ‡K Xvj e‡j| mvaviYZ DËi : ‡µZvi Avq, iæwP, Af¨vm cÖf…wZi cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y Pvwn`vi
‡Kv‡bv A‡c¶‡Ki `ywU m¤úK©hy³ Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©‡bi cwieZ©b NU‡Z cv‡i| ‡hvMvb w¯i ‡_‡K Pvwn`v e„w× ‡c‡j Pvwn`v ‡iLv
d‡j Aaxb Pj‡Ki ‡h cwieZ©b nq, Zv‡ì AbycvZ‡K Xvj e‡j| Aa¨vcK Wvbw`‡K m‡i hvq| d‡j fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY Df‡q e„w× cvq|
‡R. Gd i¨vMvb I Gj. we. _gvm e‡jb, ÒXvj ej‡Z ‡evSvq GKwU PjK Avevi ‡hvMvb w¯i ‡_‡K Pvwn`v n«vm ‡c‡j Pvwn`v ‡iLv evgw`‡K m‡i
Ab¨ Pj‡Ki cÖwZ GKK cwieZ©‡b KZUyKy cwiewZ©Z nq| mywbw`©ófv‡e Xvj hvq| d‡j `vg I Pvwn`vi cwigvY Df‡qB n«vm cvq |
n‡jv ‡Kv‡bv ‡jLwP‡Îi Avbyf~wgK cwieZ©b I Dj¤^ cwieZ©‡bi AbycvZ|Ó cÖkœ 30| A_©bxwZ‡Z ‡hvMvb I gRy` GK A‡_© eëüZ nq wKbv? e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 22| Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi aviYvwU e¨vL¨v Ki| DËi : A_©bxwZ‡Z gRy` I ‡hvMvb GK A‡_© eëüZ nq bv| `ywU wfbœv_©K|
DËi : ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`vi mvov ‡Ìqvi gvÎv ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï weµq‡hvM¨ ‡gvU cwigvY n‡jv gRy` ev Stock. wKš‧ ‡Kv‡bv
ev cwieZ©‡bi nvi‡K Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j| Pvwn`v wewa‡Z ejv nq, wbw`©ó mg‡q GKwU wbw`©ó `v‡g ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï ‡h cwigvY we‡µZv weµq
Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v w¯i _vK‡j `v‡gi cwieZ©b n‡j Pvwn`viI cwieZ©b nq| Ki‡Z B”QyK _v‡K, Zv‡K H `ª‡eï ‡hvMvb e‡j| gRy` aviYv ‡hvMvb
Avi `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`v ‡h nv‡i cwiewZ©Z nq Zvi AbycvZ‡K A‡c¶v e„nr A_ev mgvb| A_©vr Stock 2 Supply. AZGe, gRy` ej‡Z
Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv ejv nq| Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv m¤ú‡K© Aa¨vcK weµq‡hvM¨ `ª‡eï ‡gvU cwigvY‡K ‡evSvq, hv `v‡gi Ici wbf©ikxj bq|
wjcwm e‡jb, Ò‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`v ‡h cwigv‡Y wKš‧ gRy‡ì ‡h Ask ‡hvMvbiƒ‡c MY¨ nq Zv ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡qI `v‡gi
mvov ‡`q Zv‡KB Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j|Ó ‡cÖw¶‡Z wba©vwiZ nq|
cÖkœ 23| Pvwn`vi Avq w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? g‡b †i‡Lv Avgvq !!!
DËi : ‡µZvi Avw_©K Av‡qi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j wewfbœ `ª‡eï Pvwn`v wewfbœ  Dc‡hvM I Dc‡hv‡Mi aviYv
cwigv‡Y cwiewZ©Z nq| ‡µZvi Av‡qi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Ges `vg 1. `ª‡eï Afve c~i‡Yi ÿgZv n‡jv- Dc‡hvM|
AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡j ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi ‡h cwieZ©b N‡U Zvi nvi‡K 2. Dc‡hvM GKwU-gvbwmK aviYv|
Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv N‡U Zvi nvi‡K Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j| 3. Dc‡hvM cwigv‡ci c×wZ i‡q‡Q-2wU|
A_©bxwZwe` gvkv©j e‡jb, ÒAv‡qi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Pvwn`v ‡h gvÎvq 4. msL¨vevPK Dc‡hvM n‡jv-1,2,3|
mvov ‡`q ZvB n‡jv Pvwn`vi Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv| " 5. chv©qMZ Dc‡hvM n‡jv-1g, 2q, 3q|
cÖkœ 24| ‡hvMvb w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki| 6. ‡fv³vi AvPi‡Yi cÖKvk N‡U- Pvwn`v gva¨‡g|
DËi : `ª‡eï `vg cwieZ©‡bi d‡j ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY cwiewZ©Z nq| G  ‡gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍiK Dc‡hvM
`ywUi cwieZ©‡bi nv‡ii AbycvZ‡K ‡hvMvb w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j| A_©vr 7. Dc‡hv‡Mi GKK-BDwUj|
`ª‡eï `vg cwieZ©‡bi nvi Ges Gi d‡j ‡hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi nvi G 8. ‡gvU Dc‡hvM m‡ev©”P n‡jv cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM-k~b¨ nq|
`yB‡qi AbycvZ‡K ‡hvMv‡bi w¯wZ¯vcKZv ejv nq| G cÖm‡½ Aa¨vcK ‡gvU Dc‡hvM cwieZ©b (  TU)
wjcwm e‡jb, Ò`v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j ‡hvMv‡bi ‡h cwieZ©b N‡U Zvi 9. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM (MU) = |
`ª‡eï cwieZ©b (  Q)
gvÎv‡K ‡hvMv‡bi w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j|"
11. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi mgwó‡K e‡j- †gvU Dc‡hvM|
cÖkœ 25| Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK ‡hvMvb ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi : hLb `vg cwieZ©‡bi nvi n‡Z ‡hvMvb cwieZ©‡bi nvi Kg nq, 12. GKwU we‡kl mg‡q FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i- cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM|
Zv‡K Aw¯wZ¯vcK ‡hvMvb e‡j| `ª‡eï `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi nvi A‡c¶v 13. me©‡kl GKK ‡_‡K cvIqv hvq-cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM|
Zvi ‡hvMv‡bi cwigv‡Yi cwieZ©‡bi nvi Kg n‡j Zv‡K Aw¯wZ¯vcK  µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa
14. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewawUi cÖe³-Aa¨vcK gvkv©j|
‡hvMvb e‡j| A_©vr E > 1. ‡hgb- gvQ, gvsm, kvKmewR, `ya, djg~j
15. Dc‡hvMev` wn‡m‡e Dc‡hvM Z‡Ë¡i AeZviYv K‡ib- †R‡iwg †eb_vg|
BZ¨vw` cPbkxj `ª‡eï ‡hvMvb Aw¯wZ¯vcK|
16. 1890 mv‡j µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa e¨vL¨v K‡ib- Aa¨vcK gvkv©j|

45
17. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †iLv-wb¤œMvgx nq| 66. cwieZ©b `ª‡e¨ AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv-abvZ¥K|
 Pvwn`v aviYv 67. m¤úK©nxb `ª‡e¨ AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv-k~b¨|
18. `v‡gi mv‡_ Pvwn`vi-wecixZ m¤úK©|  ‡hvMv‡bi aviYv I †hvMvb wewa (m~wP I †iLvwP‡Îi cÖKvk)
19. Pvwn`v kZ©-3wU| 68. `v‡gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi m¤úK©-mggyLx|
20. Pvwn`v wbf©ikxj-`v‡gi Ici| 69. ‡hvMvb m~wP‡Z cÖwZdjb N‡U-‡hvMvb wewai|
21. A_©bxwZ‡Z Pvwn`v n‡jv-AvKv•ÿv, A_© e¨q Kivi B”Qv I mvg_¨©| 70. weµq‡hvM¨ GKwU `ª‡eï †gvU cwigvY‡K-gRy` e‡j|
21. Pvwn`v mv‡_ Nwbô m¤ú‡K© i‡q‡Q-mgq I `v‡gi| 71. ‡hvMv‡bi mv‡_ AZ¨šÍ Nwbô m¤úK©-mg‡qi|
22. Pvwn`v wewa Abymv‡i `vg evo‡j- Pvwn`v K‡g| 72. `vg I †hvMv‡bi g‡a¨ mggyLx m¤úK© †`Lvq-‡hvMvb wewa|
23. `vg I Pvwn`vi wecixZ m¤úK© eRvq _v‡K-¯^vfvweK `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î| 73. ‡hvMvb †iLv mvaviYZ-Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx|
 Pvwn`v wewai e¨wZµg 74. ‡hvMvb †iLv EaŸ©Mvgx nIqvi KviY-`vg cÖfve|
24. ‡h wbK…ó `ª‡eï `vg Kg‡j Pvwn`vi cwigvYI n«vm cvq ZvB-wM‡db `ªe¨|  ‡hvMv‡bi wbav©iKmg~n
25. Pvj, jeY, Avjy n‡jv-wMdb `ª‡eï D`vniY| 75. ‡hvMv‡bi me‡P‡h ¸iæZ¡c~Y©-`ª‡eï wbR¯^ `vg|
26. wM‡db `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î e¨wZµg †`Lv hvq-Pvwn`v wewai †ÿ‡Î| 76. ‡hvMv‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wbav©iK-`vg-mgq|
27. Pvwn`v evo‡j `vg ev‡o-‡fe‡jb I wM‡db `ª‡eï| 77. ‡hvMvb wewa‡Z Kx‡mi m¤úK© cÖKvk cvq-`vg I †hvMvb|
28. `vg evo‡jI Pvwn`v ev‡o-†fv³vi Avq e„w× †c‡j| 78. Drcv`‡Ki †fvM e„w× †c‡j-‡hvMvb n«vm cvq|
 Pvwn`v wewa (m~wP I †iLvwP‡Î cÖKvk) 79. cÖwZK‚j AvenvIqvq-K…wlc‡Yï †hvMv‡bi K‡g|
29. Pvwn`v †`Lv AvuKv nq-Pvwn`v m~wP ‡_‡K|  ‡hvMvb A‡cÿK (¯^vaxb I wbf©ikxj PjK) Ges †hvMvb mgxKiY
30. Pvwn`v wewai MvwYwZK cÖKvk-Pvwn`v m~wP| (PjK,aªæeK, Xvj)
31. wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨‡K ejv nq-wM‡db `ªe¨| 80. Q = c + dp n‡jv-‡hvMvb mgxKiY|
32. `vg I Pvwn`vi g‡a¨ wecixZgyLx m¤úK©-¯^vfvweK `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î| 81. ‡hvMvb mgxKi‡Y Xv‡ji gvb-abvZ¥K|
33. wM‡db `ªe¨ m¤ú‡K© cÖ_g aviYv †`b-ievU© wM‡db| 82. `v‡gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi cwigv‡Yi cÖZ¨ÿ m¤ú‡K© e‡j- †hvMvb mgxKiY|
34. gvbyl ghv©`v e„w×i Rb¨ eënvi K‡i-‡fe‡jb `ªe¨| 83. GKNvZ wewkó †hvMvb mgxKiY n‡jv- S = 2 + 3P|
35. Pvwn`v m~wPi R¨vwgwZK cÖKvk n‡jv-Pvwn`v †iLv| 84. mij‣iwLK †hvMvb †iLv Xvj-abvZ¥K|
 Pvwn`vi wbav©iK  ‡hvMv‡bi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv
36. wM‡db `ªe¨ m¤ú‡K© ievU© wM‡db aviYv †`b- 1840 mv‡j| S P
37. ievU© wM‡db AvPiY ch©‡eÿY K‡ib-AvBwik K…lK‡ì| 85. ‡hvMvb w¯wZ¯vcKZvi m~Î = .
P S
38. RvuKRgK `ªe¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`b-_m©‡UBb †fe‡jb| 86. ‡hvMv‡bi w¯wZ¯vcKZv-5 cÖKvi|
39. evRv‡i me †fv³vi e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v mgwó‡K e‡j-evRvi Pvwn`v| 87. `vg I †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi nvi mgvb nq- GKK w¯wZ¯vcKZvq|
40. Pvwn`v‡K we‡klfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i-AvKl©Yxq weÁvcb| 88. cPbkxj `ª‡eï †hvMvb-m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK|
 Pvwn`v A‡cÿK (¯^vaxb I wbf©ikxj PjK) 89. Amxg w¯wZ¯vcK †hvMvb †iLv-f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj|
41. `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Pj‡Ki m¤úK© cÖKvk cvq-A‡cÿK Øviv| 90. k~b¨ w¯wZ¯vcK †hvMvb †iLv-j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj|
42. ‡h ivwki gvb cwieZ©b nq bv Zv‡K e‡j-aªæeK|  fvimvg¨
43. ‡h ivwki gvb me©`v cwieZ©bkxj ZvB-PjK| 91. fvimvg¨ K_vwUi A_©-mvg¨ Ae¯v|
44. MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq †h me ivwki gvb AÁvZ _v‡K Zv‡K e‡j- civwgwZ| 92. Equilibrium kãwU G‡m‡Q j¨vwUb kã Acquas I Libra ‡_‡K|
45. wbf©ikxjZvi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K PjK‡K fvM Kiv hvq-2 fv‡M| 93. fvimvg¨ Ae¯vq-Pvwn`v= †hvMvb|
46. A_©bxwZi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z PjK‡K e‡j-A_©‣bwZK PjK| 94. ‡h `v‡g Pvwn`v I †hvMvb mgvb nq Zv‡K e‡j-fvimvg¨ `vg|
47. ‡h ivwk wfbœ wfbœ gvb MÖnY K‡i Zv‡K e‡j-PjK| 95. fvimvg¨ `v‡g †h cwigvY `ªe¨ µq-weµq nq Zv‡K e‡j-fvimvg¨ cwigvY|
48. ‡h Pj‡Ki gvb Ab¨ Pj‡Ki Ici wbf©i K‡i Zv‡K e‡j- Aaxb PjK|
49. civwgwZ we‡kl ai‡bi aªæeK, hvi, gvb-AÁvZ _v‡K|
 Pvwn`v mgxKiY MVb (PjK, aªæeK I Xvj)
50. j¤^  f~wg-Xvj|
51. ‡Kv‡bv †iLv AvK…wZ wbf©i K‡i- Xv‡ji Dci|
52. mvaviYZ Pvwn`v †iLv Xvj nq-FYvZ¥K|
53. GKgvÎ Pvwn`v mgxKiY n‡jv-D = a - bp.
54. mij †iLvi cÖwZwU we›`y‡Z Xvj- w¯i|
55. mxgve× m¤ú‡ì †hvMvb †iLv Xvj-Amxg|
Abykxjb cvV-1
1. ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï Afve c~i‡Yi ÿgZv‡K Kx e‡j?
56. GKwU †iLvi w¯wZ¯vcKZv k~b¨ n‡j XvjI-k~b¨| K. Dc‡hvM L. ‡fvM M. Drcv`b N. m¤ú`
57. Pvwn`v †iLvi †ÿ‡Î j¤^ A‡ÿ †`Lv‡bv nq- ¯^vaxb PjK|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 Pvwn`v w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv (`vg, Avq I AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv) I cwigvc  `ª‡eï Afve c~i‡bi ÿgZv n‡jv-Dc‡hvM|
58. Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv-3 cÖKvi|  Dc‡hvM GKwU-gvbwmK aviYv|
59. GK‡Ki mgvb w¯wZ¯vcKZv n‡jv- Ed = 1  Afve c~i‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ `ª‡eï Dc‡hvM wbt‡kl KivB n‡jv-‡fvM|
60. AZ¨vek¨Kxq `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv nq- Aw¯wZ¯vcKZv|  bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv n‡jv-Dc‡hvM|
61. Elasticity `ª‡eï `vg e„w× †c‡j †gvU e¨q- n«vm cvq|  Afv‡ei Zzjbvq mxgve×-m¤ú`|
62. Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbf©i K‡i-`v‡gi Ici| 2. ÒDc‡hvM n‡jv †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï ‡mB we‡kl ¸Y ev ÿgZv hv gvby‡li
63. w¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`vi gvb- 1 < Ed < | Afve c~i‡Y Ki‡Z cv‡iÓ| msÁvwU cÖ`vb K‡ib-
64. Aw¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`vi gvb- 0 < Ed < 1| K. Aa¨vcK gvkv©j L. Aa¨vcK †gqvm©
65. Aw¯wZ¯vcKZvi †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLv-A‡cÿvK…Z Lvov| M. †R.Gg.‡KBbm N. wW.m¨vj‡fUi

46
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 9. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai cÖe³v †K?
 µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai cÖeZ©K-Aa¨vcK gvkv©j| K. Aa¨vcK Gj.iweÝ L. cj m¨vgy‡qjmb
 AvaywbK mvgwóK A_©bxwZi RbK-‡R.Gg.‡KBbm| M. Avj‡d«W gvkv©j N. †R.Gg.‡KBÝ
 Dc‡hvM cwigv‡ci GKK-BDwUj| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 Dc‡hvM cwigv‡ci c×wZ-2wU|  µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai cÖe³v-Aa¨vcK gvkv©j|
 ÒcÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM µgn«vmgvbÓ gZwU-gvkv©‡ji|  AvaywbK A_©bxwZi RbK-cj m¨vgy‡qjmb|
 AvaywbK mvgwóK A_©bxwZi cÖe³v-‡R.Gg.‡KBÝ|
10. MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq †hme ivwki gvb w¯’i _v‡K, Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
GB Aa¨v‡qi GgwmwKD wfwWI K. Aaxb PjK L. aªæeK M. civwgwZ N. ¯^vaxb PjK
K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 hvi gvb cwieZ©b nq bv Zv‡K e‡j-aªæeK|
 ‡h Pj‡Ki gvb Ab¨ Pj‡Ki Dci wbf©ikxj Zv‡K e‡j- Aaxb PjK|
3. `ª‡eï †Kvb welqwU gvby‡li Afve c~i‡Yi mv‡_ RwoZ?  ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki gvb Ab¨ Pj‡Ki Dci-Awbf©ikxj|
K. Dc‡hvM L. Drcv`b M. wewbgq N. ‡hvMvb  †Kvb A‡cÿ‡K Aaxb Pj‡Ki msL¨v m‡ev©”P-GKwU|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  A‡cÿ‡K ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki msL¨v n‡Z cv‡i- GK ev GKvwaK|
 wewfbœ GKK †_‡K Dc‡hv‡Mi mgwó-‡gvU Dc‡hvM|  MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq AÁvZivwki gvb‡K e‡j- civwgwZ|
 Afve c~i‡Yi Kg© chv©‡qi cÖ_g avc-Drcv`b| 11. Y = f (x), GLv‡b Y Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
 Afve c~i‡Yi Kg© chv©‡qi wØZxq avc-wewbgq| K. ¯^vaxb PjK L. aªæeK M. Aaxb PjK N. A‡cÿK
 †Kvb wbw`©ó `v‡g †Kvb `ªe¨ mieiv‡ni cwigvY n‡jv-‡hvMvb| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
4. Dc‡hv‡Mi GKK †KvbwU?  †Kvb Acÿ‡K Aaxb Pj‡Ki msL¨v m‡ev©”P-1wU|
K. wjUvi L. wgUvi M. MÖvg N. BDwUj  PjK-`yB cÖKvi|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  †h PjK Ab¨ Pj‡Ki Dci wbf©ikxi bq Zv‡K e‡j-¯^vaxb PjK|
 msL¨vMZ Dc‡hvM‡K fvM Kiv hvq-wZb fv‡M|  †h PjK ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki Dci wbf©ikxj Zv‡K e‡j-Aaxb PjK|
 Dc‡hvM‡K 1g, 2q, 3q .... BZ¨vw` chv©‡q wef³ K‡i cwigvc  †h mKj ivwki gvb cwieZ©b nq bv Zv‡K e‡j aªæeK|
Kiv nq-chv©qevPK Dc‡hv‡M| 12. Pvwn`v mgxKiY Q = 20-2P n‡j, Pvwn`v †iLvi Xvj KZ?
5. ÒDc‡hvM msL¨vq cwigvc‡hvM¨Ó- GB aviYvwU †K cÖ`vb K‡ib? K. -2 L. -20 M. -5 N. -4
K. gvkv©j L. †gqvm© M. Gj.iweÝ N. Iqvjivm
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  Pvwn`v †iLvi Xvj-FYvZ¥K|
 msL¨vMZ Dc‡hv‡Mi we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡ib-gvkv©j|  †hvM`vb †iLvi Xvj-abvZ¥K|
 †Kvb `ª‡eï Dc‡hvM msL¨vq cwigvc Kiv‡K e‡j-msL¨vMZ
 Pvwn`v †iLvi Xvj-evg †_‡K Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx|
Dc‡hvM|  eµ‡iLvi Xvj wewfbœ we›`y‡Z-wewfbœ gv‡bi nq|
 A_©bxwZ‡K Kj¨v‡Yi weÁvb e‡j‡Qb-gvkv©j|
13. j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj mij‡iLvi Xvj-
 gvkv©‡ji MÖ‡ši bvg-ÔPrinciples of EconomicsÕ| K. abvZ¥K L. FYvZ¥K M. Amxg N. k~b¨
6. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai cÖe³v †K? hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K. wnKm& L. G‡jb M. gvkv©j N. iweÝ  j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj †iLvi Xvj-Amxg|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  j¤^v Aÿ I f~wg A‡ÿi cwieZ©‡bi AbycvZ‡K e‡j-Xvj|
 µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai cÖe³v-gvkv©j|  evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx †iLvi Xvj-FYvZ¥K|
 ÔDc‡hvM ch©vqMZfv‡e cwigvc‡hvM¨, msL¨vMZ bqÕ| gZwU -  f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj †iLvi Xvj-k~b¨|
wnK&m G‡j‡bi|  mij †iLvi Xvj mKj we›`y‡Z-mgvb|
 `y®úÖvc¨Zvi A‡cÿvK…Z †ewk ev¯ÍewfwËK e³e¨ †`b-Gj. iweÝ|
14. `ªe¨wUi `vg 2 UvKv †_‡K 3 UvKv n‡j Pvwn`v `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb
7. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM FYvZ¥K n‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM ‡Kgb n‡e? KZ n‡e?
K.e„w× cv‡e L.n«vm cv‡e M.w¯i _vK‡e N.µgvMZ e„w× cv‡e
2 3 1 1
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! K. L. M. N.
 cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM abvZ¥K n‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM-e„w× cvq| 3 2 2 3
 cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM k~b¨ n‡j Dc‡hvM-w¯i _v‡K| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`vi cwieZ©‡bi AbycvZ n‡jv- Pvwn`vi
 †gvU Dc‡hvM m‡ev©”P n‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM-k~b¨ nq|
`vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv|
 cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM FYvZ¥K n‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM-n«vm cvq|
 `v‡gi cwiKZ©‡b Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b wKQzB bv n‡j-Ep = 0 nq|
8. ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM 5 BDwUj n‡j H `ª‡eï †fv‡Mi
cwieZ©b KZ n‡Z n‡e?  Amx‡gi mgvb Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv-f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj|
K. 4 GKK L. 3 GKK M. 2 GKK N. 1 GKK 15. †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï †gvU Dc‡hvM w¯’i _vK‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †iLvi AvK…wZ
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! n‡e-
 AwZwi³ 1 GKK †fv‡Mi d‡j †gvU Dc‡hv‡Mi cwieZ©b‡K e‡j-
cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM| K. L.
 cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM‡K cÖKvk Kiv nq- ÔMUÕ Øviv|
 cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM n‡Z cv‡i-FYvZ¥K,FYvZ¥K I k~b¨|
 cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM evo‡Z _vK‡j †gvU Dc‡hvMI-evo‡Z _vK‡e| M. N.

47
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  `vg I Pvwn`vi mgvb cwieZ©b n‡j w¯wZ¯vcKZvi gvb-GK‡Ki
 µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †iLv-evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx| mgvb nq|
 cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM k~b¨ n‡j MU ‡iLv-X Aÿ‡K ¯úk© K‡i| 22. ‡µZv †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q, wbw`©ó `v‡g evRv‡i mieivnK…Z †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï
 †gvU Dc‡hvM w¯i _vK‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM-0 nq| †h cwigvcY µq Ki‡Z ivwR _v‡K, Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
 cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM hLb k~b¨ nq †gvU Dc‡hvM ZLb-m‡ev©”P nq| K. †hvMvb L. Pvwn`v M. Dc‡hvM N. Drcv`b
16. je‡Yi Pvwn`vi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv KZ? hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K. 0 L. < 1 M. 1 N.  1  `ª‡eï Afve c~i‡Yi ÿgZv‡K e‡j-Dc‡hvM|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv‡K e‡j-Drcv`b|
 `v‡gi Zzjbvq Pvwn`v AwaK cwieZ©b n‡j w¯wZ¯vcKZv-1 Gi  `ª‡eï `vg evo‡j Pvwn`v I †hvMvb h_vµg-K‡g ev‡o|
†P‡q †ewk nq| 23. Pvwn`vi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbY©‡qi m~Î †KvbwU?
 `v‡gi Zzjbvq Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b bv n‡j w¯wZ¯vcKZv-0 nq| Qd Qd Qd Qd
 wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡eï w¯wZ¯vcKZv-GK‡Ki †P‡q Kg nq| K. Ep  . L. Ep  .
Qd P P P
 wejvm `ª‡eï w¯wZ¯vcKZv-GK‡Ki ‡P‡q †ewk nq|
P P Qd P
17. mij‡iLvi Xvj wbY©‡qi m~Î †KvbwU? M. Ep  . N. Ep  .
Aaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©b
K. ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©b
¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©b
L. Aaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©b Q Qd P Qd
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
Avbyf~wgK `~iZ¡ X Aÿ eivei cwieZ©b  `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`vi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©b‡K e‡j-
M. j¤^ `~iZ¡ N.
Y Aÿ eivei cwieZ©b Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  Av‡qi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`vi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©b‡K e‡j-
 Aaxb PjK I ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©‡bi AbycvZB n‡jv- Xvj| Pvwn`vi Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv|
 j¤^ Aÿ I f~wg A‡ÿi cwieZ©‡bi AbycvZ‡KI-Xvj e‡j| Pvwn`vi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©b
 j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj †iLvi Xvj-Amxg|  Ep = `v‡gi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©b
 f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj †iLvi Xvj-k~b¨| Q P
 mij‡iLvi Xvj-w¯i _v‡K|  Ep  .
18. mgv‡R K‡ii †evSv †ewk n‡j `ª‡e¨ Pvwn`v- P Q
K. Kg‡e L. evo‡e M. w¯i _vK‡e N. Amxg n‡e 24. cwic~iK `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLv Kxiƒc?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! K. Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx L. Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx
 Ki evov‡j `ª‡eï `vg-ev‡o| M. j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N. f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
 `ª‡eï `vg evo‡j `ª‡eï Pvwn`v-K‡g| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡eï `vg evo‡jI Pvwn`v cÖvq-w¯i _v‡K|  cwic~iK `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLv-evg ‡_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx|
 wbK…ó `ª‡eï `vg evo‡jI Pvwn`v-ev‡o|  cwieZ©K `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLv-evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx&
19. Pvwn`v wewai MvwYwZK cÖKvk‡K e‡j-  wM‡db I †fe‡jb `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLv- Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx|
K. Pvwn`v m~wP L. Pvwn`v mgxKiY M. Pvwn`v †iLv N. e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v  k~b¨ w¯wZ¯vcK `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLv-j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 25. Pvwn`vi kZ© KqwU?
 Pvwn`v m~wP‡K †Uwe‡ji mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk-Pvwn`v m~wP| K. 2 L. 3 M. 4 N. 5
 Pvwn`v wewai MvwYwZK cÖKvk‡K e‡j-Pvwn`v mgxKiY| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
20. hw` †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM k~b¨ nq Z‡e †gvU Dc‡hvM-  Pvwn`vi kZ©-wZbwU|
K. m‡ev©”P L. me©wb¤œ M. k~b¨ N. FYvZ¥K  Pvwn`vi mv‡_ `v‡gi m¤úK©- wecixZgyLx
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  Pvwn`v wewa e¨wZµg n‡j `vg evo‡jI-Pvwn`v ev‡o|
 ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï AwZwi³ 1 GKK †fv‡Mi d‡j †gvU Dc‡hv‡Mi  `ªe¨ †Kbvi mvg_©¨ bv _vK‡j Zv‡K ejv hv‡e bv- Pvwn`v|
hZUzKz cwieZ©b nq Zv‡K e‡j-cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM| 26. GKwU `ª‡eï †fvM e„w× Ki‡Z hw` m¤úK©hy³ Aci GKwU `ª‡eï †fvM
 cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM k~b¨ n‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM-m‡ev©”P nq| e„w×i ìKvi nq, ZLb Zv‡ì †Kvb `ªe¨ e‡j?
 ‡gvU Dc‡hvM Kg n‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM-FYvZ¥K nq| K. cwieZ©K L. cÖ‡qvRbxq M. m¤úK©nxb N. cwic~iK
 µgvMZ †fv‡Mi d‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM-Kg‡Z _v‡K| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 µgvMZ †fv‡Mi d‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM-µgn«vmgvb nv‡i ev‡o|  GKwU `ª‡eï †fvM e„w× Ki‡Z hw` m¤úK©hy³ Aci `ª‡eï †fvM
21. Pv‡ji `vg cÖwZ †KwR 50 UvKv †_‡K †e‡o 55 UvKv nIqv‡Z Pv‡ji evov‡Z nq Z‡e Zv‡ì e‡j- cwic~iK `ªe¨|
Pvwn`v 8 †KwRi †_‡K Kg 4 †KwR nq| G‡ÿ‡Î Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv  GKwU `ª‡eï `v‡gi mv‡_ Ab¨ `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi †Kv‡bv m¤úK© bv
KZ? _vK‡j Zv‡ì e‡j-m¤úK©nxb `ªe¨|
K. 0 L. 1 M. 2.5 N. 5  `ª‡eï `vg evo‡jI Pvwn`v AcwieZ©bxq _v‡K-cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡eï|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 27. ‡hvMvb mgxKiY S = 3 + P n‡j, k~b¨ `v‡g ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY-
 wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨ n‡jv-Aw¯wZ¯vcK| K. 4 L. -1 M. -3 N. 0
 `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`vi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©b‡K e‡j- hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv  `v‡gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi MvwYwZK m¤úK©‡K e‡j-‡hvMvb mgxKiY|
 `v‡gi Zzjbvq Pvwn`vi AwaK cwieZ©b n‡j w¯wZ¯vcKZv-GK‡K  `v‡gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi m¤úK©-mggyLx|
†P‡q †ewk nq|  S = - C + dp, mgxKi‡Y S n‡jv-‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY|
 `v‡gi Zzjbvq Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b bv n‡j ev w¯i _vK‡j 28. fvimvg¨ Ae¯’vq Pvwn`v w¯’i ‡_‡K †hvMvb evo‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU NU‡e?
w¯wZ¯vcKZv gvb-k~b¨ nq| K. `v‡gi e„w× I Pvwn`vi n«vm L. `v‡gi n«vm I Pvwn`vi e„w×
M. `v‡gi e„w× I Pvwn`vi e„w× N. `v‡gi n«vm I Pvwn`vi n«vm
48
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  GKwU `ª‡eï `vg Kgv ev evovi d‡j Ab¨ `ª‡eï Pvwn`v
 Pvwn`v I †hvMvb mgvb n‡j-fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbav©wiZ nq| AcwiewZ©Z-m¤úK©nxb `ªe¨|
 †hvMvb w¯i †_‡K Pvwn`v evo‡j-`vg I Pvwn`v `y‡UvB e„w× cvq| 36. mxgve× m¤ú‡ì †hvMvb †iLvi Xvj †Kgb n‡e?
 Pvwn`v w¯i †_‡K †hvMvb Kg‡j-`vg ev‡o I Pvwn`v n«vm cvq| K. abvZ¥K L. FYvZ¥K M. k~b¨ N. Amxg
29. `ª‡eï `vg I Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi g‡a¨ wµqvMZ wbf©ikxjZv MvwYwZK hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
m¤úK©‡K e‡j-  †hvMvb †iLv j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj-Xvj Amxg|
K. Pvwn`v A‡cÿK L. Pvwn`v wewa  †hvMvb †iLv f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj-Xvj k~b¨|
M. `vg wewa N. †hvMvb A‡cÿK  Amxg Xv‡j ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki mvgvb¨ cwieZ©‡bi d‡j-Aaxb Pj‡Ki
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! e¨vcK cwieZ©b|
 `ª‡eï `vg ev Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi g‡a¨ wµqvMZ wbf©ikxjZvi 37. evRvi fvimv‡gï kZ© Kx?
MvwYwZK m¤úK© n‡jv-Pvwn`v A‡cÿK| K. Pvwn`v = †hvMvb L. Pvwn`v = `vg
 `v‡gi mv‡_ Pvwn`vi wecixZgyLx m¤úK©B n‡jv- Pvwn`v wewa| M. †hvMvb = `vg N. Pvwn`v = `vg = †hvMvb
 Pvwn`v A‡cÿ‡K mgvb wP‡ýi evg cv‡k _v‡K-Pvwn`vi cwigvY| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
30. cwieZ©K `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb?  equilibrium k‡ãi A_©-fvimvg¨|
K. Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx L. Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx  †Kvb wbw`©ó `v‡g `ª‡eï Pvwn`v I †hvMvb mgvb n‡j H cwigvY‡K
M. f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N. j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj e‡j-fvimvg¨ cwigvY|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  fvimvg¨ AR©‡bi cÖ_g kZ©-Pvwn`v= †hvMvb|
 cwieZ©K `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLv- Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx| 38. msL¨vMZ Dc‡hv‡Mi aviYv †K cÖavb K‡ib?
 cwic~iK `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLv-Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx| K. wiKv‡W©v L. G¨vWvg w¯§_ M. gvkv©j N. wnK&m
 Amxg w¯wZ¯vcK `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLv-f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 cwieZ©K `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î, `ywU `ªe¨ †_‡K cÖvß Dc‡hvM cÖvq-GKB|  A_©bxwZ‡K Kj¨v‡Yi weÁvb e‡j‡Qb-gvkv©j|
31. Pvwn`v †iLvi mgxKiY = a – bp ‡Z „a‟ n‡jv  Aa¨vcK gvkv©j Zvi ‘Principle of Economics’ MÖ‡ši
K. aªæeK L. civwgwZ M. ¯^vaxb PjK N. Aaxb PjK me©cÖ_g eënvi K‡ib- Dc‡hvM aviYvwU|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  LvRbv m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ aviYv †`b-‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v|
 ‡h ivwki gvb AcwieZ©bkxj Zv‡K e‡j-aªæeK|  A_©bxwZi RbK ejv nq-G¨vWvg w¯§_‡K|
 AÁvZ ivwki gvb‡K e‡j-civwgwZ| 39. chv©qMZ Dc‡hvM aviYv e¨vL¨v K‡ib †Kvb A_©bxwZwe`?
 Pvwn`v mgxKi‡Yi Xvj-FYZ¥K| K. ‡R.Avi. wnKm L. gvkv©j M. Iqvjivm N. †Rfbm&
 = Q -bp, mgxKi‡Yi Xvj n‡jv -b hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
= Q -bp, mgxKi‡Y a cÖKvk K‡i- k~b¨ `v‡gI a cwigvY Pvwn`v  †fv³vi Pvwn`v wewai cÖe³v-‡R. Avi. wnK&m|
_vK‡e|  chv©qMZ Dc‡hvM‡K cÖKvk Kiv nq-1g,2q,3q BZ¨vw` Øviv|
32. ‡gvU Dc‡hvM m‡ev©”P n‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM n‡e-  msL¨vMZ Dc‡hv‡Mi Dbœqb mvab K‡ib-Avj‡d«W gvkv©j|
K. m‡ev©”P L. me©wb¤œ M. abvZ¥K N. k~b¨  cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai aviYv †`b-‡Rfbm|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 40. eënv‡ii gva¨‡g hLb `ª‡eï Dc‡hvM wbt‡kl Kiv nq, ZLb Zv‡K
 †gvU Dc‡hvM m‡ev©”P n‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM-k~b¨| Kx e‡j?
 ‡Kv‡bv `ªe¨ †_‡K cÖvß cÖwZwU Dc‡hv‡Mi mgwó n‡jv-‡gvU Dc‡hvM| K. ‡fvM L. mÂq M. wewb‡qvM N. miKvwi e¨q
 †gvU Dc‡hvM Kg‡Z _vK‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM-FYvZ¥K nq| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM evo‡Z _vK‡j †gvU Dc‡hvMI-evo‡Z _vK‡e|  eënv‡ii d‡j ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï Dc‡hvM wbt‡kl KivB-‡fvM|
33. MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq †h me ivwki gvb ARvbv _v‡K-  †fvM‡K fvM Kiv hvq-2 fv‡M|
K. PjK L. ayªeK M. civwgwZ N. ¯^vaxb PjK  wewb‡qv‡Mi wfwË n‡jv- mÂq|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  mÂ‡qi cieZx© Ae¯vb n‡jv-wewb‡qvM|
 MwYZkv‡¯¿ †hme ivwki gvb cwieZ©bkxj-PjK| 41. mgv‡R ghv©`v e„w× cvq †Kvb `ªe¨ †fv‡Mi gva¨‡g?
 MwYZkv‡¯¿ †hme ivwki gvb AcwieZ©bkxj-aªæeK| K. wM‡db `ªe¨ L. ‡fe‡jb `ªe¨ M. wbZ¨ `ªe¨ N. cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨
 a, b, c ev ,, BZ¨vw`-civwgwZi wPý wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
34. k~b¨ w¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`v †iLv AvK…wZ Kxiƒc?  wejvm`ªe¨‡K (`vwg Mvwo,¯^Y© Aj¼vi BZ¨vw`) ejv nq- †fe‡jb `ªe¨|
K. f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj L. Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©avgx  †h me `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î `vg Kg‡j Zvi Pvwn`v K‡g Ges `vg evo‡j
M. j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N. Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx Zvi Pvwn`v ev‡o †m¸‡jv‡K e‡j- wM‡db `ªe¨|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  wb¤œ gv‡bi `ªe¨‡K ejv nq-wM‡db `ªe¨
 Amxg w¯wZ¯vcK `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLv-f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj|  Pvwn`v †iLv g~j we›`y †_‡K EaŸ©Mvgx-wM‡db `ª‡e¨|
 cwieZ©K `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLv-Wvb w`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx| 42. ¯^vaxb I Aaxb Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ wbf©ikxj m¤ú‡K© MvwYwZK cÖKvk‡K Kx e‡j?
 cwic~iK `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLv-Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx| K. A‡cÿK L. Xvj M. civwgwZ N. aªæeK
35. X `ª‡eï `vg 10 UvKv †_‡K n«vm †c‡q 8 UvKv n‡j Y `ª‡eï Pvwn`v hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
100 GKK ‡_‡K e„w× †c‡q 150 GKK nq| X I Y ci¯úi-  `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ m¤úK© †`Lvq-A‡cÿK|
K. cwic~iK `ªe¨ L. cwieZ©K `ªe¨  cwieZ©bkxj ivwki gvb‡K e‡j-PjK|
M. m¤úK©nxb `ªe¨ N. wejvmRvZ `ªe¨  `ywU Pj‡Ki cwieZ©‡bi AbycvZ‡K e‡j-Xvj|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  †hme ivwki gvb AÁvZ _v‡K Zv‡K e‡j-civwgwZ|
 GKwU `vg evo‡j Ab¨wUi Pvwn`v ev‡o-cwieZ©K `ªe¨|  hvi gvb cwiewZ©Z nq bv Zv‡K e‡j-aªæeK|
 GKwU `ª‡eï `vg evo‡j Ab¨wU‡K Pvwn`v K‡g-cwic~iK `ªe¨| 43. D = 20-5P Pvwn`v mgxKiY n‡j, †Kvb `v‡g Pvwn`vi cwigvY k~b¨ n‡e?
K. 4 L. 5 M. 6 N. 20
49
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 49. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa Kvh©Ki n‡e hLb-
 `ª‡eï `vg I Pvwn`vi g‡a¨ wbf©ikxjZvi m¤ú‡K© cÖKvk K‡i- i. ‡fv³v hyw³kxj
Pvwn`v mgxKiY| ii. A‡_©i cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM w¯i
 Pvwn`v mgxKi‡Y ¯^vaxb PjK n‡jv-`ª‡eï `vg (P)| iii. k‡Li `ªe¨
 Pvwn`v mgxKiY n‡Z MvwYwZKfv‡e cÖKvk Kiv hvq-Xvj‡K| wb‡Pi †KvbwU ‡KvbwU?
 Pvwn`v mgxKi‡Y Aaxb PjK n‡jv-`ª‡eï Pvwn`v (D)| K. i I iii L. ii I iii M. i I ii N. i, ii I iii
44. ‡Kvb †iLv Y A‡ÿi `~iZ¡‡K X A‡ÿi `~iZ¡ Øviv fvM Ki‡j Kx hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
cvIqv hvq?  µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa Kvh©Ki-wbw`©ó mgq mv‡c‡ÿ|
K. w¯wZ¯vcKZv L. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM  G wewa Kvh©Ki n‡Z n‡j `ª‡eï wewfbœ GKK n‡e- mgRvZxq|
M. fvimvg¨ `vg N. †iLvi Xvj  k‡Li `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM bv K‡g- eis evo‡ZI cv‡i|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 50. Pvwn`v †iLv Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx nIqvi KviY-
 ¯^vaxb I Aaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©‡bi AbycvZ‡K e‡j-‡iLvi Xvj| i. `vg I Pvwn`vi mivmwi m¤úK©
Y Pj‡Ki cwieZ©b ii. ‡h‡Kv‡bv `v‡g µ‡qi mvg_¨©
 Xvj wbY©‡qi m~Î n‡jv-
X Pj‡Ki cwieZ©b iii. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa
 evg w`‡K †_‡K Wvb †_‡K wb¤œMvgx †iLvi Xvj-FYvZ¥K| wb‡Pi †KvbwU ‡KvbwU?
 AwZwi³ GKK †fv‡Mi d‡j cÖvß Dc‡hvM-cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM| K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii
 ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©b Aaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©b‡K e‡j-A‡cÿK| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 Pvwn`v I †hvMvb ci¯úi mgvb nq-fvimvg¨ `v‡g|  µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai KviY Pvwn`v †iLv- wb¤œMvgx nq|
45. Pvwn`vi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv m~Î †KvbwU?  cÖK…Z Av‡qi cÖfv‡ei Kvi‡Y Pvwn`v †iLv-wb¤œMvgx|
Q Y Q P  cwieZ©K cÖfv‡e Kvi‡Y Pvwn`v †iLv-wb¤œMvgx|
K.  L.   Pvwn`v wewai e¨wZµg n‡j Pvwn`v †iLv-EaŸ©Mvgx nq|
Y Q P Q
51. Pvwn`v w¯’i †_‡K AbyK~j cÖfv‡ei Kvi‡b †hvMv‡bi cwigvY e„w× †c‡j-
Q P Qx PY i. †hvMvb †iLv Wvbw`‡K ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡e
M.  N. 
 P PY PX ii. fvimvg¨ `vg e„w× cv‡e
46. Kjg I Kvwj ci¯úi †Kvb ai‡bi `ªe¨? iii. fvimvg¨ cwigvY e„w× cv‡e
K. cwieZ©K `ªe¨ L. cwic~iK `ªe¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU ‡KvbwU?
M. wbK…ó `ªe¨ N. †fe‡jb `ªe¨ K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 52. Pvwn`vi k‡Z©i †ÿ‡Î we‡ewPZ n‡e-
 `vg I Pvwn`vi g‡a¨ wecixZgyLx m¤úK©-cwic~iK `ª‡eï| i. AvKv•ÿv ii. kvixwiK mvg_©¨ iii. A_© e¨q Kivi B”Qv
 Ec < 0 (FYvZ¥K) n‡j-cwic~iK `ªe¨ †hgb: Pv, wPwb| wb‡Pi †KvbwU ‡KvbwU?
 Ec > 0 (abvZ¥K) n‡j- cwieZ©b `ªe¨ †hgb: Pv, Kwd| K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
 `vg I Pvwn`vi g‡a¨ mggyLx m¤úK©- cwieZ©K `ª‡eï| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv FYvZ¥K n‡j `ªe¨wU wbK…ó|  Pvwn`vi kZ©-wZbwU|
 Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv abvZ¥K n‡j `ªe¨wU n‡e- †fe‡jb|  AvKv•ÿv, µ‡qi mvg_¨©, e¨q Kivi B”Qv G¸‡jv n‡jv-Pvwn`v kZ©|
47. †gvU Dc‡hvM n‡jv †Kvb `ª‡e¨-  wfÿz‡Ki Mvwo µ‡qi B”Qv-Pvwn`v bq|
i. AwZwi³ GKK n‡Z cÖvß AwZwi³ Dc‡hvM 53. Pvwn`vi n«vm-e„w× NU‡e hw`-
ii. mKj GKK n‡Z cÖvß Dc‡hv‡Mi mgwó i. iæwPi cwieZ©b nq
iii. cÖwZ GKK n‡Z cÖvß cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi mgwó ii. Av‡qi cwieZ©b nq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU ‡KvbwU? iii. `v‡gi cwieZ©b bq
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU ‡KvbwU?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
 µgn«vmmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa Kvh©Ki n‡e- AbywgZ kZ© hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
mv‡cÿ|  `v‡gi cwieZ©b n‡j Pvwn`vi-ms‡KvPb-ms‡KvPb-cÖmviY N‡U|
 µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa‡Z `ªe¨- mgRvZxq|  iæwPi cwieZ©‡b Pvwn`vi-n«vm-e„w× n‡e|
 k‡Li `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î wewawU- AKvh©Ki|  Pvwn`vi n«vm-e„w×‡Z Pvwn`vi †iLvi-cwieZ©b nq|
 G wewa‡Z Dc‡hvM cwigvY Kiv nq- msL¨v gva¨‡g|  Pvwn`v e„w× †c‡j Pvwn`v †iLv-Wv‡b ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq|
48. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM n‡jv-  Pvwn`v n«vm †c‡j Pvwn`v †iLv-ev‡g ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq|
i. GK GKK †fvM e„w×i djvdj 54. evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx GKwU mij †iLvi †ÿ‡Î-
TU i. Amxg w¯wZ¯vcK ii. Xvj mgvb iii. FYvZ¥K
ii. MU  wb‡Pi †KvbwU ‡KvbwU?
X
K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii
iii. MU nth  YWn  TU n 1 hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
wb‡Pi †KvbwU ‡KvbwU?  mij †iLvq Xvj mKj we›`y‡Z-mgvb nq|
K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii  Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx †iLvi Xvj-FYvZ¥K|
 Wvb w`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx †iLv Xvj-FYvZ¥K nq|

50
55. wbK…ó `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î-  f~wg †hvMvb-mxgve×|
i. `vg I Pvwn`vi m¤úK© mggyLx 60. SS ‡iLvwU †hvMvb †iLv n‡j-
ii. Pvwn`v wewa Kvh©Ki i. Gi †hvMvb mxgve× ii. GwU f~wgi †hvMvb †iLv
iii. Pvwn`v †iLvi Xvj FYvZ¥K iii. Gi †hvMvb w¯wZ¯vcKZvi gvb Amxg
wb‡Pi †KvbwU ‡KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU ‡KvbwU?
K. i L. ii M. i I ii N. i I iii K. ii L. ii M. i I ii N. i I iii
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 wbK…ó `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î `vg I Pvwn`vi m¤úK©-mggyLx|  Amxg w¯wZ¯vcKZv-¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki mvgvb¨ cwieZ©‡bi Aaxb
 wbK…ó `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLvwU-Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx| Pj‡Ki e¨vcK cwieZ©b|
 wbK…ó `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLvi Xvj-abvZ¥K|  k~b¨ w¯wZ¯vcKZv-¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©‡bi Aaxb PjK AcwiewZ©Z|
 ¯^vfvweK `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLvi Xvj-FYvZ¥K| wb‡Pi A‡cÿ‡Ki wfwË‡Z 61 I 62 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
56. A_©bxwZ‡Z Pvwn`v n‡Z n‡j- Q = 30 - 4P
i. †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ cvIbvi B”Qv _vK‡j n‡e 61. A‡cÿ‡Ki Xvj KZ?
ii. `ªe¨wU µ‡qi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq A_© _vK‡Z n‡e K. -10 L. -4 M. 4 N. 30
iii. A_© e¨q Kivi B”Qv _vK‡Z n‡e hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
wb‡Pi †KvbwU ‡KvbwU?  Q = 30-4P mgxKiYwU-GKwU Pvwn`v mgxKiY|
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii  GLv‡b `vg 2 UvKv evo‡j Pvwn`v Kg‡e-4 BDwbU|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  Pvwn`v mgxKi‡Y Xvj-FYvZ¥K|
 †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ cvIqvi ïay AvKv•ÿv‡K e‡j bv-Pvwn`v| 62. cÖ`Ë A‡cÿK n‡Z Aw¼Z †iLvwU †Kgb n‡e?
 Pvwn`v n‡Z n‡j `ªe¨ µ‡qi Rb¨ _vK‡Z n‡e-cÖ‡qvRbxq A_©| K. f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj L. j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
 A_©bxwZ‡Z Pvwn`v n‡e bv hw` bv- A_©e¨‡qi B”Qv _v‡K| M. evgw`‡K n‡Z Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
 `vg I Pvwn`vi m¤úK©-wecixZgyLx| N. evgw`‡K n‡Z Wvbw`‡K Ea©ŸMvgx
57. Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ n‡Z cv‡i- hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
i. Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx ii. Wvbw`‡K Ea©ŸMvgx  Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx-`vg I Pvwn`vi wecixZ m¤úK©|
iii. f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj  Pvwn`v †iLv Wvbw`‡K Ea©ŸMvgx-`vg I Pvwn`vi mggyLx m¤úK©|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU ‡KvbwU?  Pvwn`v †iLv-Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx|
K. i L. ii M. iii N. i, ii I iii  DÏxcKwU co Ges 63 I 64 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
‡hvMvb mgxKiY: = -3 + 3p
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 `vg I Pvwn`v wecixZgyLx m¤úK©‡K e‡j-Pvwn`v wewa| (‡hLv‡b = S ‡hvMvb, P = `vg)
 mvaviY `ª‡eï Pvwn`v ‡iLv-Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx| 63. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `ªe¨wUi KZ `v‡g †hvMvb FYvZ¥K n‡e?
 †fe‡jb `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLv-Wvb w`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx| 1
K. 0 L. M. 1 N. 2
 `vg I Pvwn`vi A-FYvZ¥K m¤úK©‡K e‡j-Pvwn`v wewai e¨wZµg| 2
 `v‡gi mvgvb¨ cwieZ©b Pvwn`vi e¨vcK cwieZ©b n‡j Pvwn`v †iLv- hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq|  †hvMvb mgxKiY `v‡gi, mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi mggyLx m¤úK© †`Lvq|
58. Qd = a - bP Pvwn`v mgxKiY-  †hvMvb †iLv-Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx|
i. P = Aaxb PjK ii. a = aªæeK iii. b = Xvj  †hvMvb †iLvi Xvj-FYvZ¥K|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU ‡KvbwU? 64. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `ªe¨wUi `vg †e‡o 3 UvKv †_‡K UvKv 6 n‡j
K. i I iii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii †hvMvb w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv (ES) n‡e-
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! K. Es < 1 L. Es = 0 M. Es = 1 N. Ex > 1
 Qd = a -bp n‡jv-GKwU Pvwn`v mgxKiY| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 ‡hvMvb w¯wZ¯vcKZv k~b¨-`v‡gi cwieZ©‡b †hvMvb AcwiewZ©Z|
 Qd = Pvwn`vi cwigvY (Aaxb PjK)
`v‡gi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©‡b †hvMv‡bi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©‡bi gvÎv-
 P = `vg (¯^vaxb PjK)
‡hvMvb w¯wZ¯vcKZv|
 a,b n‡jv- aªæeK (civwgwZ)
65. wewfbœ `v‡g GKwU `ª‡eï Pvwn`v I †hvMvb wb¤œiƒc:
 Pvwn`vi cwigvY Qd wbf©i K‡i-`v‡gi (P) Ici| `vg (UvKv) Pvwn`v (GKK) †hvMvb (GKK)
wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 59 I 60 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 10 10 6
11 8 8
12 6 10
DÏxc‡Ki fvimvg¨ `vg KZ?
K. 12 UvKv L. 11 UvKv M. 10 UvKv N. 8 UvKv
59. wP‡Î SS ‡iLvi Xvj KZ? hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K. < 0 L. 0 M. > 0 N.   †h `v‡g Pvwn`v I †hvMvb mgvb nq Zv‡K e‡j-fvimvg¨ `vg|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  fvimvg¨ `v‡g mgvb nq-Pvwn`v I †hvMvb|
 j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj †iLv Xvj-Amxg|  ‡hvMv‡bi †P‡q Pvwn`v Kg n‡j- cY¨ AwewµZ _vK‡e|
 f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj †iLvi Xvj-k~b¨|  `v‡gi cwieZ©b nq-Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi mgZv bó n‡j|
 mxgve× †hvMv‡bi †ÿ‡Î †hvMvb †iLvwU-j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj|  evRv‡i Pvwn`v > ‡hvMvb n‡j- `vg e„w× cv‡e|
 Amxg †hvMv‡bi †ÿ‡Î †hvMvb †iLvwU-f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj|  evRv‡i Pvwn`v < ‡hvMvb n‡j-`vg Kg hv‡e|

51
 wPÎwU jÿ¨ Ki Ges 66 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt  Amxg w¯wZ¯vcKZv-cwieZ©‡bi nvi A‡bK ‡ewk|
70. AB ‡iLvi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb KZ n‡e?
K. Ep = 1 L. Ep = 0 M. Ep =  N. Ep  1
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 `v‡gi mv‡c‡ÿ w¯wZ¯vcKZv-`vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv|
66. AB ‡iLvi Xvj KZ?  Av‡qi mv‡c‡ÿ w¯wZ¯vcKZv-Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv|
1 1  Ab¨ `ª‡eï mv‡c‡ÿ w¯wZ¯vcKZv-AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv|
K. -2 L.  M. N. 2
2 2 71. AB ‡iLvi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e-
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! i. ‡iLvi Xvj k~b¨ ii. AR = MR
 j¤^ Aÿ G f~wg A‡ÿi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©b‡K-Xvj e‡j| iii. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi Pvwn`v †iLv
j¤^ A‡ÿi cwieZ©b wb‡Pi †KvbwU ‡KvbwU?
 Xvj- f~wg A‡ÿi cwieZ©b
K. i I iii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii
 mij †iLvi Xvj memgq-w¯i _v‡K|  DÏxcKwU co Ges 72 I 73 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
 mKj we›`y‡Z Xvj mgvb nq-eµ †iLvi| Q = 10-2p
 Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx †iLvi Xvj-FYvZ¥K| Qs = -2 + p
 QKwU jÿ K‡iv Ge 67 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt 72. DÏxc‡K fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY KZ?
`vg (UvKv) Pvwn`v (GKK) K. 2 I 2 L. 2 I 4 M. 4 I 2 N. 4 I 4
20 60 hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
10 80  fvimvg¨ Ae¯vq †µZvi Pvwn`v I we‡µZvi-‡hvMvb mgvb nq|
67. Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv wbY©q Ki|  Pvwn`vi Xvj FYvZ¥K, †hvMv‡bi Xvj-abvZ¥K|
2 3 1 4 73. DÏxc‡K fvimvg¨ `vg 2 UvKv n‡j Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi Av‡jv‡K
K. L. M. N. `ªe¨wU †Kvb ai‡bi?
3 5 3 5
K. wejvmRvZ L. AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq M. cÖ‡qvRbxq N. ¯^vfvweK
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 Pj‡Ki cwieZ©‡bi nvi‡K e‡j-w¯wZ¯vcKZv| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbf©i K‡i- `v‡gi Dci|  wejvmRvZ `ª‡eï w¯wZ¯vcKZv G‡Ki †P‡q †ewk|
 wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡eï Pvwn`v-Aw¯wZ¯vcK|  cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡eï w¯wZ¯vcKZv GK‡Ki †P‡q Kg|
 w¯wZ¯vcK `ªe¨ n‡jv-RvuKRgKc~Y© `ªe¨|  `ª‡eï cÖK…wZ w¯wZ¯vcKZvi Dci wbf©i K‡i|
 Aw¯wZ¯vcK `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLv-A‡cÿvK…Z Lvov|  wb‡Pi wPÎwU Ges Ges 74 I 75 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
 w¯wZ¯vcK GK‡Ki †P‡q Kg n‡j `ªe¨wU-Aw¯wZ¯vcK|
 DÏxcKwU co Ges 68 I 69 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
Pvwn`v mgxKiY- 10 - 2P
‡hLv‡b = Pvwn`vi cwigvY
P = `vg
68. DÏxcKwU Av‡jv‡K `ªe¨wUi m‡ev©”P Pvwn`v KZ n‡e? 74. wP‡Îi fvimvg¨ we›`y †KvbwU?
K. 2 GKK L. 6 GKK M. 8 GKK N. 10 GKK K. S L. T M. R N. M
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 `ª‡eï Pvwn`v m‡ev©”P nq hLb `vg-k~b¨ nq|  Pvwn`v I †hvMvb mgvb nq-fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z|
 `ª‡eï Pvwn`v-`v‡gi Dci wbf©ikxj|  Pvwn`vi †P‡q ‡hvMvb †ewk n‡j evRv‡i-DØ„Ë •Zwi nq|
 `vg evo‡j Pvwn`v - K‡g|  †hvMv‡bi †P‡q Pvwn`v †ewk n‡j evRv‡i- NvUwZ •Zwi nq|
 Pvwn`v mgxKi‡Yi Xvj-FYvZ¥K|  fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z †hvMv‡bi †iLv I Pvwn`v †iLv ci¯úi‡K-‡Q` K‡i|
69. `ªe¨wUi `vg 2 UvKv †_‡K 3 UvKv n‡j Pvwn`v `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb 75. DÏxcK Abyhvqx P1 `v‡g AwZwi³ †hvMv‡bi cwigvY KZ?
KZ n‡e? K. ST L. P3N M. P1T N. MN
2 3 1 1 hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K. L. M. N.  fvimvg¨ `v‡gi †P‡q `vg †ewk n‡j †hvMvb-ev‡o|
3 2 2 3
 `vg fvimvg¨ `v‡gi †P‡q †ewk n‡j-Pvwn`v K‡g|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 `v‡gi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`vi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©‡bi  Pvwn`v  †hvMvb n‡j-`vg e„w× cv‡e|
nvi-`vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv|  Q < Qs n‡j- `vg n«vm cv‡e|
 GK‡Ki †P‡q †ewk n‡j- w¯wZ¯vcK|  Pvwn`v I ‡hvMv‡bi mgZv bó n‡j-fvimvg¨ eë¯v webó n‡e|
 GK‡Ki †P‡q Kg n‡j- Aw¯wZ¯vcK|  DÏxcKwU co Ges 76 I 77 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
 wPÎwU jÿ Ges 70 I 71 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: `ª‡eï GKK ‡gvU Dc‡hvM cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
1 15 15
2 7
?
3 27 5
4 27 ?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj-k~b¨ w¯wZ¯vcKZv|
 GLv‡b Drcv`b evovi mv‡_-`vg w¯i|
52
76. m~wPZ k~b¨¯’v‡b †gvU Dc‡hvM KZ? Abykxjbx cvV-2
K. 20 L. 22 M. 24 N. 26 Dc‡hvM
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 1| ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï Afve c~i‡Yi ÿgZv‡K wK e‡j?
 cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM n«vm †c‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM ev‡o-µgn«vmgvb nv‡i| K) Dc‡hvM L) †fvM M) Drcv`b N) m¤ú`
 †gvU Dc‡hvM m‡ev©”P n‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM-k~b¨ nq| 2| `ª‡eï †Kvb welqwU gvby‡li Afve c~i‡Yi mv‡_ RwoZ?
 cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM FYvZ¥K n‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM-n«vm cvq| K) Dc‡hvM L) Drcv`b M) wewbgq N) †hvMvb
77. m~wP Abyhvqx k~b¨ ¯’v‡b cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi gvb KZ? 3| Dc‡hv‡Mi GKK †KvbwU?
K. 1 L. 2 M. 0 N. 3 K) wjUvi L) wgUvi M) MÖvg N) BDwUj
 wb‡Pi A‡cÿ‡Ki wfwË‡Z 78 I 79 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt 4| µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai cÖe³v †K?
Q = 10-3P K) Aa¨vcK Gj. iweb&m L) cj m¨vgy‡qjmb
78. A‡cÿ‡Ki Xvj KZ? M) Avj‡d«W gvk©vj N) ‡R.Gg.‡KBbm
K. -3 L. 1 M. 3 N. 10 5| cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM FYvZ¥K n‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM †Kgb n‡e?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! K) e„w× cv‡e L) n«vm cv‡e
 Pvwn`v †iLvi Xvj nq-FYvZ¥K| M) w¯i _vK‡e N) µgvMZ e„w× cv‡e
 †hvMvb †iLvi Xvj- abvZ¥K| 6| ‡gvU Dc‡hvM m‡ev©”P n‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM n‡e-
 Q = 10-3p A‡cÿ‡Ki Pvwn`v †iLv n‡e-wb¤œMvgx mij †iLvq| K) m‡ev©”P L) me©wb¤œ M) abvZ¥K N) k~b¨
 eµ‡iLvi Xvj wbY©q Ki‡Z ìKvi-¯úk©K| 7| wewfbœ `v‡g GKwU `ª‡eï Pvwn`v I †hvMvb wb¤œiƒc:
79. cÖ`Ë A‡cÿK †_‡K Aw¼Z †iLvwU †Kgb n‡e? `vg (UvKv) Pvwn`v (GKK) †hvMvb (GKK)
K. evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx 10 10 6
L. evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx
11 8 8
M. f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
12 6 10
N. j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
DÏxc‡Ki fvimvg¨ `vg KZ?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx mij‡iLvi Xvj-FYvZ¥K| K) 12 UvKv L) 11 UvKv M) 10 UvKv N) 8 UvKv
 evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K EaŸMvgx mij‡iLvi Xvj-FYvZ¥K| 8| Dc‡hvM msL¨vq cwigvc‡hvM¨ GB aviYvwU †K cÖ`vb K‡ib?
 mKj we›`y‡Z Xvj mgvb nq-eµ‡iLvi| K) gvk©vj L) †gqvm©
M) Gj. iweÝ N) Iqvjivm
 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 80 I 81 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
Q = 15-3P Qs = -5+ 5P 9| ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM 5 BDwUj n‡j H `ª‡eï †fv‡Mi
80. DÏxc‡Ki fvimvg¨ cwigvY KZ? cwieZ©b KZ n‡Z n‡e?
K. 2 L. 5 M. 10 N. 15 K) 4 GKK L) 3 GKK
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! M) 2 GKK N) 1 GKK
 Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi mgZv bó n‡j-fvimvg¨ eë¯v webó n‡e| 10|‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï †gvU Dc‡hvM w¯i _vK‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †iLvi
 †h `v‡g Pvwn`v I †hvMvb mgvb nq Zv‡K e‡j- fvimvg¨ `vg| AvK…wZ n‡e-
 Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi mgZv bv _vK‡j-`v‡gi cwieZ©b nq|
81. evRvi `vg 3 UvKv avh© Kiv n‡j-
i. ‡hvMvb †ewk Pvwn`v Kg ii. Pvwn`vi cwigvY k~b¨
iii. ‡hvMvb = 15
wb‡Pi †KvbwU ‡KvbwU?
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 11| hw` †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï cªvwšÍK Dc‡hvM k~b¨ nq Z‡e †gvU Dc‡hvM-
 Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi mgZv‡K e‡j-fvimvg¨| K) m‡ev©”P L) me©wb¤œ M) k~b¨ N) FYvZ¥K
 evRv‡i Pvwn`v > ‡hvMvb n‡j-`vg e„w× cv‡e| 12| ÔDc‡hvM n‡jv †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï †mB we‡kl ¸Y ev ÿgZv hv gvby‡li
 Qd (Pvwn`v) = Qs (†hvMvb)- fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY| Afve c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡iÕ-msÁvwU cÖ`vb K‡ib-
K) Aa¨vcK gvk©vj L) Aa¨vcK †gqvm©
 Qd < Qs n‡j- `vg n«vm cv‡e|
M) ‡R.Gg.‡KBbm N) wW. m¨vi‡fUi
 †hvMv‡bi †P‡q Pvwn`v Kg n‡j- cY¨ AwewµZ _vK‡e|
13|2wU Avg †fv‡Mi d‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM n‡jv 12 UvKv| 3wU Avg
DËicÎ 1.K 2.L 3.K 4.N
†fv‡Mi d‡j hw` †gvU Dc‡hvM 15 UvKv nq Zvn‡j †fv³vi cÖvwšÍK
5.K 6.M 7.L 8.N 9.M 10.L 11.M
Dc‡hvM KZ?
12.K 13.M 14.K 15.M 16.L 17.K 18.K K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
19.K 20.K 21.N 22.L 23.N 24.K 25.L 14|chv©qMZ Dc‡hvM aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡j †Kvb A_©bxwZwe`?
26.N 27.M 28.L 29.K 30.K 31.K 32.N K) †R.Avi wnK&m L) gvk©vj M) Iqvjivm N) †Rfb&m
33.M 34.M 35.K 36.N 37.K 38.M 39.K 15|eënv‡ii gva¨‡g hLb `ª‡eï Dc‡hvM wbt‡kl Kiv nq, ZLb Zv‡K e‡jÑ
40.K 41.L 42.K 43.K 44.N 45.L 46.L K) †fvM L) mÂq M) wewb‡qvM N) miKvwi e¨q
47.M 48.K 49.M 50.M 51.L 52.L 53.K 16| cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi mgwó‡K Kx e‡j?
54.L 55.K 56.N 57.N 58.L 59.N 60.M K) †gvU Dc‡hvM L) Mo Dc‡hvM
61.L 62.M 63.K 64.N 65.L 66.L 67.K M) cwigvYMZ Dc‡hvM N) chv©qMZ Dc‡hvM
68.N 69.K 70.M 71.N 72.M 73.K 74.M 17|wb‡¤œi †Kvb †iLvwU µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©?
75.K 76.L 77.M 78.K 79.K 80.K 81.K

53
37| Ò‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï fvÛvi e„w× cvIqvi d‡j †Kv‡bv †jvK †h evowZ
Dc‡hvM cvq Zv `ª‡eï cwigvY e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ , n«vm †c‡Z _v‡K|Ó
e‡j‡QbÑ
K) P¨vcg¨vb L) gvkv©j M) m¨vgy‡qjmb N) M‡mb
38| cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM n‡jvÑ
i) GK GKK †fvM e„w×i djvdj
TU
ii) MU  iii) MU nth  YU n  TU n 1
18|cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM n«v‡mi KviY Kx? X
K) †fv‡Mi cwigvY n«vm L) †fv‡Mi cwigvb e„w× wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) `vg e„w× N) Pvwn`v e„w× K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
19| µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa Abymv‡i- 39| ‡gvU Dc‡hvM n‡jv, †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï-
K) †gvU Drcv`b µgea©gvb nv‡i ev‡o Ges cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b ev‡o i) AwZwi³ GKK n‡Z cÖvß AwZwi³ Dc‡hvM
L) †gvU Drcv`b µgea©gvb nv‡i ev‡o Ges cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b K‡g ii) mKj GKK n‡Z cÖvß Dc‡hv‡Mi mgwó
M) †gvU Drcv`b µgn«vmgvb nv‡i ev‡o Ges cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b ev‡o iii) cÖwZ GKK n‡Z cÖvß cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi mgwó
N) †gvU Drcv`b µgn«vmgvb nv‡i ev‡o Ges cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b K‡g wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
20| cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM KLb k~b¨ nq?
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) †gvU Dc‡hvM evo‡Z _vK‡j L) †gvU Dc‡hvM Kg‡Z _vK‡j
40| ‡fv³vi AvPiY †KvbwU?
M) †gvU Dc‡hvM m‡ev©”P n‡j N) †gvU Dc‡hvM me©wb¤œ n‡j
i) †fv³v Kxfv‡e `ªe¨ µq K‡i
21| `ª‡eï we‡kl ¸Y hv gvby‡li Afve c~i‡Y mÿg
ii) †fv³v Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ nq
K) Drcv`b L) wewbgq M) †hvMvb N) Dc‡hvM
22|Dc‡hvM ej‡Z †evSvqÑ iii) †fv³v Kxfv‡e cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡i
K) Drcv`b ÿgZv L) †fv‡Mi ZxeªZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) Afve †gvP‡bi ÿgZv N) DcKvwiZv K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
23| †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï †gvU Dc‡hvM hLb n«vm cvq ZLb Zvi cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvMÑ 41|µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai e¨wZµgÑ
K) n«vm cvq L) k~b¨ nq M) FYvZ¥K nq N) w¯i _v‡K i) iæwPi cwieZ©b
24| hw` †fvM ej‡Z Dc‡hv‡Mi eënvi †evSvq, Z‡e Drcv`b ej‡Z ii) `ª‡eï GKK
†evSvqÑ iii) †fvM e„w×
K) Pvwn`v m„wó L) †hvMvb m„wó M) Dc‡hvM m„wó N) m¤ú` m„wó wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
25| ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï AwZwi³ GK GKK †fv‡Mi gva¨‡g AwZwi³ †h K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
Dc‡hvM cvIqv hvq Zv‡K Kx e‡j? ** DÏxcKwU c‡o 42 I 43bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) m¤ú` L) Dc‡hvM M) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM N) Afve `ª‡eï GKK †gvU Dc‡hvM cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
26|`ªe¨ eënv‡ii gva¨‡g Avgiv Kx MÖnY Kwi? 1 15 15
K) Z…wß L) Afve M) eyw× N) Dc‡hvM 2 ? 7
27| ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï g‡a¨ gvby‡li Afve †gvP‡bi ÿgZv‡K e‡jÑ 3 27 5
K) Dc‡hvM L) wewb‡qvM M) Drcv`b N) Pvwn`v 4 27 ?
28| wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Dc‡hvM †bB? 42| m~wP‡Z k~b¨¯v‡b †gvU Dc‡hvM KZ?
K) Lv`¨ L) e¯¿ M) eBcÎ N) mgy‡`ªi cvwb K) 20 L) 22 M) 24 N) 26
29|Dc‡hv‡Mi aviYv cÖ`vb K‡ib †K? 43| m~wP Abyhvqx k~b¨¯v‡b cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi gvb KZ?
K) G¨vWvg w¯§_ L) Gj. iwebm M) gvkv©j N) †KBÝ K) 1 L) 2 M) 0 N) 3
30| Dc‡hvM †KvbwUi mv‡_ cwiewZ©Z nq? ** DÏxcKwU c‡o 44 I 45 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) mgq L) Af¨vm M) Avq N) me¸‡jv Abb¨vi wcZv d‡ji †g․my‡gi ïiæ‡Z evRvi n‡Z wKQz Avg wK‡b
31|‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï †kl GKK †fvM Kivi d‡j †h AwZwi³ Dc‡hvM †gvU Avb‡jb| Abb¨v ci ci cuvPwU Avg ‡L‡q wb¤œiƒc Dc‡hvM †cjÑ
Dc‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ hy³ nq Zv‡K e‡jÑ Avg 1g 2q 3q 4_© 5g
K) †gvU Dc‡hvM L) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM M) †gvU e¨q N) cÖvwšÍK e¨q cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM 20 15 10 5 0
32| ÒcÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM n‡jv GKwU `ª‡eï AwZwi³ †kl GKK †fv‡Mi
d‡j AwZwi³ Dc‡hvM|ÓÑ †K e‡j‡Qb? 44| wZbwU Avg †fvM K‡i Abb¨vi cÖvß †gvU Dc‡hvM KZ?
K) w¯§_ L) cj m¨vgy‡qjmb M) gvkv©j N) †KBÝ K) 10 L) 20 M) 25 N) 45
33| ‡Kv‡bv `ªe¨ n‡Z cÖvß Dc‡hvM evo‡j †gvU Dc‡hvMÑ 45| Abb¨vi †ÿ‡ÎÑ
K) ev‡o L) K‡g M) k~b¨ nq N) Amxg nq i) Av‡gi †fvM e„w×i mv‡_ cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM n«vm †c‡q‡Q
34| ‡K cÖ_g µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa eY©bv K‡ib? ii) Av‡gi †fvM e„w×i mv‡_ ‡gvU Dc‡hvM n«vm †c‡q‡Q
K) P¨vcg¨vb L) gvk©vj M) †KBÝ N) ‡nbwiK M‡mb iii) cÂg GKK †fv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î †gvU Dc‡hvM m‡ev©”P n‡q‡Q
35| µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewawUi DbœZ iƒc †`b †K? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) P¨vcg¨vb L) ‡KBÝ M) P¨vcg¨vb I gvk©vj N) iweÝ K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
36| Ògvby‡li Afve Amxg Ges Ac~iYxq; wKš‧ GKwU we‡kl Afve wbw`©ó
mg‡q c~iYxq|ÓÑ e‡j‡QbÑ
K) P¨vcg¨vb L) gvk©vj M) M‡mb N) iweÝ

54
** wb‡Pi m~wP †_‡K 46 I 47bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) cwieZ©K L) cÖ‡qvRbxq M) m¤úK©nxb N) cwic~iK
`ª‡eï GKK cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM (UvKv) 57| Pvwn`v wewai MvwYwZK cÖKvk‡K e‡jÑ
1 20 K) Pvwn`v m~wP L) Pvwn`v mgxKiY
2 16 M) Pvwn`v †iLv N) e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v
3 12 58| MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq †hme ivwki gvb ARvbv _v‡K Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
4 8 K) PjK L) aªæeK M) civwgwZ N) ¯^vaxb PjK
5 4 59| mgv‡R K‡ii †evSv †ewk n‡j `ª‡eï Pvwn`vÑ
6 0 K) Kg‡e L) evo‡e M) w¯i _vK‡e N) Amxg n‡e
46| ‡gvU Dc‡hvM KZ? 60| j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj mij‡iLvi XvjÑ
K) 16 L) 20 M) 58 N) 60 K) abvZ¥K L) FYvZ¥K M) Amxg N) k~b¨
47| DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi wewa Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q? 61| X `ª‡eï `vg 10 UvKv †_‡K n«vm †c‡q 8 UvKv n‡j Y `ª‡eï Pvwn`v
K) µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa 100 GKK †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 150 GKK nq| X I Y ci¯úiÑ
L) µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa K) cwic~iK `ªe¨ L) cwieZ©K `ªe¨
M) mgcÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM M) m¤úK©nxb `ªe¨ N) wejvmRvZ `ªe¨
N) µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa 62|Pvwn`v †iLv ¯vbvšÍ‡ii KviY Kx?
** QKwU jÿ Ki Ges 48 I 49bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) `v‡gi cwieZ©b L) Pvwn`vi ms‡KvPb cÖmviY
mywg ¯‥z‡ji wUwd‡bi mgq †`vKv‡b wM‡q Kjv †Lj| Zvi Dc‡hvM m~wP M) Pvwn`v wewa N) Pvwn`vi n«vm e„w×
wb¤œiƒc: 63| ‡Kv‡bv ‡iLvi Y A‡ÿi `~iZ¡‡K X A‡ÿi `~iZ¡ Øviv fvM Ki‡j Kx
`ª‡eï GKK (Kjv) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM (UvKvq) cvIqv hvq?
1g 6 K) w¯wZ¯vcKZv L) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
2q 4 M) fvimvg¨ `vg N) †iLvi Xvj
3q 2 64| Kjg I Kvwj ci®úi †Kvb ai‡bi `ªe¨?
4_© 0 K) wbK…ó `ªe¨ L) cwic~iK `ªe¨
48| 2q Kjv †fvM Kivi ci m~wP KZ UvKvq †gvU Dc‡hvM jvf K‡i? M) fvimvg¨ `vg N) ‡iLvi Xvj
K) 6 UvKv L) 8 UvKv M) 10 UvKv N) 12 UvKv 65| ¯^vaxb I Aaxb Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ wbf©ikxj m¤ú‡K© MvwYwZK cÖKvk‡K wK
49| mg‡qi eëavb †ewk n‡j mywgi †ÿ‡Î µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM e‡j?
wewawUÑ K) A‡cÿK L) Xvj M) civwgwZ N) aªæeK
i) Kvh©Ki n‡e 66| D  20  5P Pvwn`v mgxKiY n‡j, †Kvb `v‡g Pvwn`vi cwigvY
ii) Kvh©Ki n‡e bv k~b¨ n‡e?
iii) AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e K) 4 L) 5 M) 6 N) 10
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 67| Qd  f (P), GLv‡b P Øviv Kx †evSvq?
K) i I ii L) ii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii K) Xvj L) A‡cÿK M) wbf©ikxj PjK N) ¯^vaxb PjK
** wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 50 I 51bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 68| MvwYwZK cªwµqvq †Kv‡bvwKQz hvi gvb cwieZ©bkxj Zv n‡jv-
iwng evRvi †_‡K PviwU Kjv µq Kij|‡m 1g Kjv †_‡K 3 UvKvi K) PjK L) aªæeK M) mnM N) A‡cÿK
mgvb †gvU Dc‡hvM †cj| 2q, 3q, 4_© Kjv †_‡K h_vµ‡g 5 UvKv, 69|‡fv³v wbw`©ó `v‡g GKwU `ª‡eï †h cwigvY µq Ki‡Z cÖ¯‧Z _v‡K
6 UvKv I 7 UvKvi mgvb †gvU Dc‡hvM †cj| Zv‡K wK e‡j?
50| DÏxc‡K A_©bxwZ‡Z †Kvb wewawU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? K) Dc‡hvM L) †hvMvb M) Pvwn`v N) Afve
K) Pvwn`v wewa 70| `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Pj‡Ki wbf©ikxj m¤úK©‡K e‡j-
L) †hvMvb wewa K) civwgwZ L) A‡cÿK M) Xvj N) aªæeK
M) µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa 71| Q  C  dp mgxKiYwU Xvj wb‡Pi †Kvb cÖZxK Øviv wb‡`©wkZ nq?
N) µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa K) C L) d M) P N) Q
51|4_© KjvwU †fvM Kivi †ÿ‡Î cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM KZ n‡e? 72| A_©bxwZ‡Z Pvwn`v n‡jv, `ªe¨ I †mevi Rb¨ †fv³vi-
K) k~b¨ L) GK M) `yB N) wZb K) AvKv•ÿv ev cÖZ¨vkv L) A_© e¨‡qi B”Qv
Pvwn`vi aviYv M) A_© e¨‡qi mvg_©¨ ev m¤ú‡ì chv©ßZv
52| cwic~iK `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLv Kxiƒc? N) AvKv•ÿv c~i‡Yi mvg_©¨ Ges A_© e¨‡qi B”Qv
K) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx L) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx 73| cwieZ©K `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ Kxiƒc?
M) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj K) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx L) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
53| Pvwn`v mgxKiY Q d  20  2P n‡j Pvwn`v †iLvi Xvj KZ? M) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx
K)  2 L)  20 M)  5 N)  4 74| D  f (P); GLv‡b f wK‡mi cÖZxK?
54| cwieZ©K `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb? K) PjK L) mnM M) aªæeK N) A‡cÿK
K) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx L) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx 75| `vg I Pvwn`vi g‡a¨ wecixZgyLx m¤úK© †Kvb `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î?
M) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj K) wejvmRvZ L) wbK…ó M) Af¨vmRvZ N) ¯^vfvweK
55| Pvwn`v †iLvi mgxKiY D  a  bp †Z ' a ' n‡jvÑ 76| ÔGKwU mij †iLvi Xvj n‡jv Y Aÿ eivei `~iZ¡ cwieZ©b Ges X
K) aªæeK L) civwgwZ M) ¯^vaxb PjK N) Aaxb PjK Aÿ eivei `~iZ¡ cwieZ©‡bi AbycvZÕ-Dw³wU Kvi?
56| GKwU `ª‡eï †fvM e„w× Ki‡Z hw` m¤úK©hy³ Aci GKwU `ª‡eï K) Avj‡d«W gvk©vj L) †WwfW wiKv‡Wv©
†fvM e„w×i ìKvi nq, ZLb Zv‡ì †Kvb `ªe¨ e‡j? M) G.wm. wPqvs N) Avi.‡R.wjcwm
55
77| Qs  C  dp mgxKiYwUi Xvj KZ? 99|‡h mgxKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ ¯^vaxb PjK I Aaxb Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ m¤úK©
K)  C L) d M) P N) Q wb‡`©wkZ nq Zv‡K e‡j-
K) Xvj L) civwgwZ M) aªæeK N) A‡cÿK
78| ‡h cÖZxK ev ivwk wfbœ wfbœ Ae¯vq wfbœ wfbœ gvb MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i
100|wb‡Pi †KvbwU wØNvZ A‡cÿK?
Zv‡K wK e‡j?
K) A‡cÿK L) civwgwZ M) PjK N) mgxKiY K) Y  a  bx L) Y  ax 2  bx  c
79| D  20  4P GKwU Pvwn`v cwigvY GLb `ªe¨wU Aevajf¨ n‡j M) Y  a  bp N) Y  a  cd
D  KZ n‡e? 101|hv‡ì mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z PjKmg~n n‡jv-
K) ¯^vaxb PjK L) Aaxb PjK
K) 0 L) 12 M) 16 N) 20 M) A_©‣bwZK PjK N) mvgvwRK PjK
80| `ywU ci¯úi cwieZ©K `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb nq? 103| ‡Kvb A‡cÿ‡Ki `ywU m¤úK©hy³ Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki cwieZ©‡bi
K) evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx d‡j Aaxb Pj‡Ki †h cwieZ©b nq Zv‡ì AbycvZ‡K e‡j-
L) evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx K) Xvj L) A‡cÿK M) aªæeK N) wba©viK
M) f‚wg c‡ÿi mv‡_ mgvšÍivj 104| eµ †iLvi Xvj mKj we›`y‡Z-
N) j¤^ A‡ÿi mv‡_ mgvšÍivj K) mgvb L) Amgvb M) aªæeK N) GKB
81|GKwU †iLvi AvK…wZ Kxiƒc n‡e Zv wbf©i K‡i- 105| wbK…ó `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î-
K) A‡cÿK L) Xvj M) m~wP N) †iLvwPÎ i) `vg I Pvwn`vi m¤úK© GKgyLx
82| Pvwn`v wewa‡Z `v‡gi mv‡_ Pvwn`vi m¤úK© Kxiƒc?
ii) Pvwn`v wewa Kvh©Ki
K) A‡cÿK L) Xvj M) m~wP N) †iLvwPÎ
iii) Pvwn`v †iLvi Xvj FYvZ¥K
83| mgv‡R ghv©`v e„w× cvq †Kvb `ªe¨ †fv‡Mi gva¨‡g?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨ L) wM‡db `ªe¨
M) †fe‡jb `ªe¨ N) wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨ K) i L) i I iii N) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
84| Pvwn`vi g~j •ewkó¨- 106| Pvwn`vi n«vm-e„w× NU‡e hw`-
K) 2wU L) 3wU M) 4wU N) 5wU i) iæwPi cwieZ©b nq
85| `ª‡eï `vg I Pvwn`vi wµqvMZ m¤úK©‡K e‡j- ii) Av‡qi cwieZ©b nq
K) Pvwn`v wewa L) †hvMvb wewa M) Drcv`b wewa N) Dc‡hvM wewa iii) `v‡gi cwieZ©b nq
86| Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡j `ª‡eï `vg evo‡j Pvwn`v- wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) ev‡o L) K‡g M) k~b¨ nq N) Amxg nq K) i I ii L) ii M) i I ii N) i I iii
87| Ô‡h wewai mvnv‡h¨ `vg I Pvwn`vi g‡a¨ wecixZ m¤úK© cÖKvk K‡i 107|Pvwn`vi k‡Z©i †ÿ‡Î we‡ewPZ n‡e-
Zv‡K Pvwn`v wewa e‡jÕ-‡K e‡j‡Qb? i) AvKv•ÿv ii) kvixwiK mvg_©¨ iii) A_© e¨q Kivi B”Qv
K) gvk©vj L) †ebnvg M) m¨vgy‡qjmb N) m¨vj‡fUi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
88| ‡fvMKvix hw` g‡b K‡i †h `ª‡eï `vg fwel¨‡Z AviI e„w× cv‡e K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
Z‡e `vg evo‡j Pvwn`v- 108|Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ n‡Z cv‡i-
K) evo‡e L) Kg‡e M) k~b¨ _vK‡e N) AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e i) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx ii) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx
89| ‡Kvb A_©bxwZwe` g~jëvb Mvwo, `vwg †cvkvK I nxiK‡K Avo¤îc~Y© iii) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
†fvM e‡j‡Qb? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) gvk©vj L) iwebm M) †fe‡jb N) wM‡db K) i L) ii M) iii N) i, ii I iii
90| wbK…ó `ª‡eï `vg e„w× †c‡j µq- 109| Qd  a  dP ; Pvwn`v mgxKi‡Y-
K) e„w× cvq L) n«vm cvq M) k~b¨ nq N) AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K
i) P  Aaxb PjK ii) a  aªæeK iii) b  Pvj
91| wbK…ó `ª‡eï Aci bvg n‡jv-
K) gvk©vj `ªe¨ L) †KBÝ `ªe¨ M) wM‡db `ªe¨ N) †fe‡jb `ªe¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
92|`vg n«vm cvIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ evRv‡i `ªe¨wUi †gvU Pvwn`vi cwigvY- K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) e„w× cvq L) n«vm cvq M) k~b¨ nq N) AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e 110|A_©bxwZ‡Z Pvwn`v n‡Z n‡j-
93| `ª‡eï `vg e„w× †c‡j Pvwn`vi- i) †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ cvIqvi B”Qv _vK‡Z n‡e
K) ms‡KvPb n‡e L) cÖmviY n‡e ii) `ªe¨wU µ‡qi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq A_© _vK‡Z n‡e
M) wKQzB n‡e bv N) AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K iii) A_© e¨q Kivi B”Qv _vK‡Z n‡e
94| µqÿgZv n«vm †c‡j Pvwn`v- wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) e„w× cvq L) n«vm cvq K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) k~b¨ nq N) AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K 111|`ª‡eï `vg e„w× †c‡jI Pvwn`v AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e hw`-
95| kxZKv‡j Mig Kvc‡oi Pvwn`v- i) fwel¨‡Z `vg e„w×i m¤¢vebv _v‡K
K) ev‡o L) K‡g ii) weKí `ª‡eï `vg K‡g
M) k~b¨ nq N) AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K iii) `ªe¨wU AZ¨vek¨Kxq nq
96|`ywU `ª‡eï g‡a¨ GKwUi cwie‡Z© Ab¨wU eënvi Kiv †M‡j `ªe¨ `ywU- wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) cwic~iK L) cwieZ©K M) k~b¨ nq N) ‡Kvb m¤úK© †bB K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
97| cwieZ©K `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv- 112|Pvwn`vi •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
K) abvZ¥K L) FYvZ¥K M) k~b¨ N) Amxg i) AvKv•ÿv ii) A_© e¨q Kivi B”Qv iii) e¨q Kivi mvg_©¨
98| `v‡gi Kvi‡Y Pvwn`v e„w× †c‡j Zv‡K e‡j Pvwn`v- wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) ms‡KvPb L) cÖmviY M) n«vm N)e„w× K) i L) ii M) i I ii N) i, ii I iii

56
113|Pvwn`v †iLvi Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgxi KviY- Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv
i) Avq cÖfve ii) cwieZ©K cÖfve iii) Pvwn`v wewai cÖfve 124|Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZvi m~Î †KvbwU?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Q P P Q Q Q P P
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) . L) . M) . N) .
114|Pvwn`vi wbav©iK n‡jv- P Q Q P P P Q Q
i) `ª‡eï `vg ii) †fv³vi msL¨v iii) `ª‡eï ‡hvMvb 125|k~b¨ w¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ Kxiƒc?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) f‚wgA‡ÿi mgvšÍivj L) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx
M) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
115|A_©‣bwZK PjK n‡”Q- 126|wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡eï w¯wZ¯vcKZv †Kvb ai‡bi?
K) Aw¯wZ¯vcK L) w¯wZ¯vcK
i) Pvwn`v ii) †hvMvb iii) kÖg
M) GKK w¯wZ¯vcK N) Amxg w¯wZ¯vcK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
127|wb‡Pi †Kvb cY¨wUi Pvwn`v Aw¯wZ¯vcK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) †Uwjwfkb L) Mvwo M) gvQ N) jeY
wb‡Pi A‡cÿ‡Ki wfwË‡Z 116 I 117 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 128|wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq c‡Yï †ÿ‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi w¯wZ¯vcKZv we`¨gvb?
Q  30  4p
K) k~b¨ L) GK‡Ki †P‡q Kg
116|A‡cÿ‡Ki Xvj KZ? M) Amxg N) GK‡Ki †P‡q †ewk
K)  10 L)  4 M) 4 N) 30 129|AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZvi gvb FYvZ¥KZv we`¨gvb?
117|cÖ`Ë A‡cÿK n‡Z Aw¼Z †iLvwU †Kgb n‡e? K) k~b¨ L) GK‡Ki †P‡q Kg
K) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj M) Amxg N) GK‡Ki †P‡q †ewk
L) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj 130|`y‡Uv `ªe¨ ci¯úi weKí n‡j `ª‡eï AvovAvwo Pvwn`v †iLvn‡e-
M) evgw`K n‡Z Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx K) evg †_‡K Wv‡b wb¤œMvgx L) evg †_‡K Wv‡b DaŸ©Mvgx
N) evgw`K n‡Z Wvb w`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx M) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) jÿ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 118 I 119 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 131|Amxg w¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb nq?
miKvi R¡vjvwb †Z‡ji `vg e„w× Kij| K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
118|‡gvUvimvB‡Kj Pvwn`v †Kgb n‡e? 132|Amxg w¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb nq?
K) e„w× cv‡e L) n«vm cv‡e K) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj L) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
M) AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e N) `ªæZ e„w× cv‡e M) Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx N) Wvb w`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx
119|R¡vjvwbi g~j¨ e„w×‡Z A_©bxwZ‡Z Kx cÖfve co‡e? 133|‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï `vg 5 UvKv †_‡K †e‡o 10 UvKv n‡j Pvwn`v hw` 10
K) gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv w`‡e GKK n‡Z cwieZ©b bv K‡i c~‡e©i g‡ZvB _v‡K Z‡e D³ `ª‡eï
L) g›`v Ae¯vi m„wó n‡e w¯wZ¯vcKZv †Kgb n‡e?
M) w¯i Av‡qi Rbmvavi‡Yi jvfevb n‡e K) w¯wZ¯vcKZv L) weï× w¯wZ¯vcK
N) Drcv`b e„w× cv‡e M) weï× Aw¯wZ¯vcKZv N) Aw¯wZ¯vcK
wb‡Pi A‡cÿ‡Ki wfwË‡Z 120 I 121 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 134|cwieZ©K `ª‡eï AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kx n‡e?
Q  10  3P K) abvZ¥K L) FYvZ¥K M) k~b¨ N) w¯i
120|A‡cÿ‡Ki Xvj KZ? 135|wb‡¤œi †KvbwUi Pvwn`v Aw¯wZ¯vcK?
K)  3 L) 1 M) 3 N) 10 K) fvZ L) †ccwm M) ‡eøW N) i³
121|cÖ`Ë A‡cÿK †_‡K Aw¼Z †iLvwU †Kgb n‡e? 136|Amxg w¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`vi †iLv †Kgb n‡e??
K) evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx K) wb¤œMvgx L) DaŸ©Mvgx M) mgvšÍivj N) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
L) evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx 137|Pvwn`v w¯wZ¯vcKZv cwigv‡ci †gvU e¨q c×wZi cÖe³v †K?
M) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj K) gvqvm© L) Gj.iweÝ M) †R.Gg. †KBbm N) G gvk©vj
N) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj 138| ‡hvMvb w¯i †_‡K Pvwn`v e„w× ‡c‡j-
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 122 I 123 bs cª‡kœi DËi `vI: i) Pvwn`v †iLv Wvb w`‡K ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡e
Zcb ewYK GKRb miKvwi PvKwiRxex| A‡bK w`b †_‡KB Zvi ii) fvimvg¨ `vg AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e
GKwU ¯§vU©‡dvb µ‡qi B”Qv _vK‡jI UvKvi Afv‡e wKb‡Z cviwQ‡jb iii) fvimvg¨ `vg e„w× cv‡e
bv| m¤úªwZ wZwb c~Rvi †evbvm †c‡q‡Qb| G †evbv‡mi UvKv w`‡q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
kxNªB wZwb ¯§vU©‡dvb wKb‡eb| K) i L) ii M) i I ii N) i, ii I iii
122|Zcb ewY‡Ki ¯§vU©‡dvb µ‡qi B”Qv Pvwn`v wZbwU kZ©B c~iY K‡i, 139| `ªe¨g~‡jï n«vm-e„w×i mv‡_ Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Y n«vm-e„w×i m¤úK©‡K e‡j-
†hMy‡jvi GKwU n‡jv- K) Pvwn`v w¯wZ¯vcKZv L) Pvwn`v wewb‡qvM
K) mvgÄm¨c~Y© L) cwi‡ek M) †hvMvb w¯wZ¯vcK N) †hvMvb wewb‡qvM
M) mvg_¨© N) wbw`©ó mgq 140|‡gvU e¨q c×wZ cªeZ©K K‡ib-
123|Zcb ewY‡Ki ¯§vU©‡dvb µ‡qi B”Qv Pvwn`v n‡Zv bv hw`- K) gvk©vj L) iwebm M) eevi N) _gmb
i) chv©ß UvKv bv _vKZ 141|‡gvU e¨q c×wZ‡Z Diasticity of demand ‡K Kq fv‡M fvM
ii) UvKv e¨q Kivi B”Qv _vKZ Kiv hvq-
iii) ¯§vU©‡dvb µ‡qi B”Qv bv _vKZ K) 2 fv‡M L) 3 fv‡M M) 4 fv‡M N) 5 fv‡M
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 142|‡h me `ªe¨ Qvov gvbyl evuP‡Z cv‡i bv Zvi Pvwn`v-
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) Elasticity L) Inelastic
M) Zero elasticity N) elasticity
57
143|gyiwMi gvs‡mi `vg e„w× †c‡j Lvwmi gvs‡mi Pvwn`v- wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 155 I 156 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) ev‡o L) K‡g M) k~b¨ nq N) Amxg nq ivdvb mv‡ne 10 UvKv `v‡g Y `ª‡eï 100 GKK µq K‡ib| `vg
144|AwaKZi Lvov cÖK…wZi †iLvi w¯wZ¯vcKZv- n«vm †c‡q 9 UvKv n‡j 105 GKK µq K‡ib|
i) G‡Ki Kg wKš‧ k~‡bï †ewk 155|Y `ª‡eï `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv KZ?
ii) G‡Ki †ewk wKš‧ Amx‡gi Kg K) .5 L) .75 M) 1.0 N) 1.5
iii) wbKU cwieZ©K mnRjf¨ bq 156|Y `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i) Pvwn`v w¯wZ¯vcK
K) i L) ii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii ii) Pvwn`v †iLv Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
145|wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Pvwn`v Aw¯wZ¯vcK? iii) `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi nvi A‡cÿv Pvwn`v cwieZ©‡bi nvi Kg
i) Pvj ii) Mvwo iii) Wvj wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) i L) i I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU c‡o 157 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
146| †KvbwU Pvwn`v w¯wZ¯vcK? Avq Y Pvwn`vi cwigvY Qd
`ª‡eï `vg P
i) wUwf ii) wd«R iii) Wvj
15 UvKv 2000 UvKv 100 GKK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
15 UvKv 4000 UvKv 200 GKK
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
157|DÏxcK Abymv‡i Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZvi gvb KZ n‡e?
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 147 I 148 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
1
Pvwn`v mgxKiY D  10  2P K) -1 L) 1 M) 0 N)
2
‡hLv‡b D  Pvwn`vi cwigvY †hvMv‡bi aviYv
P  `vg 158|‡hvMvb mgxKiY S  3  P n‡j, k~b¨ `v‡g †hvMv‡bi cwigvY-
147| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `ªe¨wUi m‡ev©”P Pvwn`v KZ n‡e?
K) 4 L)  1 M)  3 N) 0
K) 2 GKK L) 6 GKK M) 4 GKK N) 10 GKK
159| mxgve× m¤ú‡ì †hvMvb †iLvi Xvj †Kgb n‡e?
148|`ªe¨wUi `vg 2 UvKv †_‡K 3 UvKv n‡j Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZvi
K) abvZ¥K L) FYvZ¥K M) k~b¨ N) Amxg
gvb KZ n‡e?
160| ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï AwZ AíKvjxb †hvMvb †iLv Kx ai‡bi n‡e?
2 3 1 1 K) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj L) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
K) L) M) N)
3 2 2 3 M) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx N) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 149 I 150 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 161| ‡hvMv‡bi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wba©viK †KvbwU?
cÖwZ nvwj wW‡gi `vg 28 UvKv †_‡K 36 UvKv nIqvq Kwig mv‡ne 5 K) cwienb e¨q L) cwic~iK `ª‡eï `vg
nvwji cwie‡Z© 10 nvwj wewµ Ki‡Z ivwR _v‡Kb| wKš‧ nvmvb mv‡ne M) weKí `ª‡eï `vg N)`ª‡eï wbR¯^ `vg
10 nvwji cwie‡Z© 5 nvwj µq Ki‡Z ivwR _v‡Kb| 162| Rbeûj ivRavbx kni XvKvi Rwgi †hvMvb †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb n‡e?
149| Pvwn`v w¯wZ¯vcKZvi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK?? K) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx L) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
K) Ed  1 L) Ed  1 M) Ed  1 N) Ed   M) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) jÿ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
150|Kwig mv‡ne I nvmvb mv‡n‡ei AvPi‡Y h_vµ‡g †Kvb wewa 163|`vg P I ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY QS h_vµ‡g 2,3 n‡j ¯vbv‡¼i
cwijwÿZ nq? Ae¯vb n‡e †Kvb PZz_©v‡¼?
K) Pvwn`v I Dc‡hvM L) ‡hvMvb I Dc‡hvM K) 1g L) 2q M) 3q N) 4_©
M) Pvwn`v I †hvMvb N) †hvMvb I Pvwn`v 164|wb‡Pi †KvbwUi †hvMvb w¯i?
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 151 I 152 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) Mvwo L) evwo M) f‚wg N) 4_©
`vg (P) Avq (Y) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (Od) 165|S=-2+2P GKwU †hvMvb mgxKiY, †hLv‡b P  `vg I S 
10 UvKv 100 UvKv 10 GKK
†hvMvb| `ªe¨wUi KZ `v‡g ‡hvMvb k~b¨ n‡e?
10 UvKv 50 UvKv 5 GKK K) 1 L) 2 M) 3 N) 4
151| DÏxcK Abymv‡i Pvwn`vi Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZvi gvb KZ? 166| ‡f&v³vi Pvwn`vi Ici wbf©i K‡i-
K) -1 L) 0 M) 0.50 N) 1 K) †hvMvb L) gRy` M) f‚wg N) †gvevBj
152| m~wP †gvZv‡eK Pvwn`v †iLvi- 167|‡hvMvb mxgve× n‡j `vg e„w× †c‡j †hvMvb-
K) Wv‡b ¯vb cwieZ©b nq L) ev‡g ¯vb cwien©b nq K) ev‡o L) K‡g M) k~b¨ nq N) AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K
M) Dc‡ii we›`y n‡Z wb‡Pi we›`y‡Z †h‡Z nq 168| cÖwZK‚j cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡k `vg evo‡j †hvMvb-
N) wb‡Pi we›`y n‡Z wb‡Pi we›`y‡Z †h‡Z nq K) K‡g bv L) ev‡o bv M) k~b¨ nq N) Amxg nq
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 153 I 154 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 169| ‡g․mywg d‡ji †ÿ‡Î †g․mywg `vg n«vm †c‡jI †hvMvb-
X `ª‡eï Y `ª‡e¨ X `ª‡eï K) ev‡o L) K‡g M) k~b¨ N) Amxg nq
`vg (Px) `vg (Py) Pvwn`v (QDx) 170| ‡hvMvb wewa‡K ZvwjKvi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv n‡j Zv‡K e‡j-
6 UvKv 5 UvKv 4wU K) Pvwn`v m~wP L) †hvMvb m~wP M) Pvwn`v †iLv N) †hvMvb †iLv
6 UvKv 4 UvKv 1 wU 171|evRv‡i we‡µZvi ms‡hvM e„w× †c‡j †hvMvb-
153|X `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv n‡jv- K) evo‡e L) Kg‡e M) k~b¨ N) Amxg n‡e
K) 3.75 L) 1.25 M) 0 M) -0.67 172|‡`‡ki Av_©mvgvwRK Ae¯v Aw¯wZkxj n‡j `ªe¨ mvgMÖxi †hvMvb-
154| X I Y `ª‡eï ga¨Kvi cvi®úwiK Pvwn`v †iLvi Xvj- K) evo‡e L) Kg‡e
K) abvZ¥K L) FYvZ¥K M) k~b¨ N) Amxg M) k~b¨ n‡e N) Amxg n‡e

58
173|‡hvMvb wewa Øviv cÖKvk cvq- 181|ivwR‡ei nvum wewµi NUbv‡K A_©bxwZ‡Z wK e‡j?
i) `vg I †hvMv‡bi g‡a¨ mggyLx m¤úK© K) Pvwn`v L) †hvMvb M) Drcv`b N) Dc‡hvM
ii) `vg I †hvMv‡bi g‡a¨ abvZ¥K m¤úK© 182|ivwR‡ei nvum wewµ ‡_‡K †evSv hvq-
iii) `vg evo‡j †hvMv‡bi cwigvYI K‡g i) `vg evo‡j †hvMvb ev‡o
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii) `vg Kg‡j ‡hvMvb K‡g
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii iii) `vg evo‡j †hvMvb K‡g
174| Qs  15  5P †hvMvb mgxKi‡Y- wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i) P  Aaxb PjK K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
ii) 15  aªæeK †hvMv‡bi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv
iii) 5  mnM 183| Es  Q , P GwU †Kvb w¯wZ¯vcKZvi m~Î?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? P Qs
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) †hvMvb L) Avq M) Pvwn`v N) AvovAvwo
175|‡hvMvb wewa Kvh©Ki nq- 184|k~b¨ w¯wZ¯vcKZvi †ÿ‡Î †hvMvb †iLvi AvK…wZ n‡e-
i) `v‡gi cwieZ©‡b K) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj L) j¤^ j‡ÿ mgvšÍivj
M) evg †_‡K Wvb w`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx N) evg †_‡K Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx
ii) DcKi‡Yi `v‡gi cwieZ©‡b
185| wb‡Pi †Kvb †iLvwUi w¯wZ¯vcKZv GKK w¯wZ¯vcKZv?
iii) wbw`©ó mg‡q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i L) ii M) i I ii N) i I iii
176|‡hvMv‡bi wba©viK †KvbwU?
i) `vg ii) Ki iii) fZz©wK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
177| †hvMvb †iLv Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx nIqvi KviY- 186| `ª‡e¨i `vg cwieZ©‡bi nvi I Gi d‡j †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi nvi G
i) evwn¨K cÖfve ii) Drcv`b e¨q iii) gybvdvi cÖZ¨vkv `yB‡qi AbycvZ‡K e‡j †hvMvb-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) wewa L) m~wP
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii M) †iLv N) elasticity
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 178 I 179 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 187| Ô`v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j †hvMv‡bi †h cwieZ©b N‡U Zvi gvÎv‡K
elasticity e‡jÕ-‡K e‡j‡Qb?
K) _gvm L) _gmb M) wjcwm N) w¯§_
188|Supply of Elasticity KZ cÖKvi?
K) 2 cÖKvi L) 3 cÖKvi M) 4 cÖKvi N) 5 cÖKvi
189|wb‡Pi ‡KvbwUi †hvMvb Aw¯wZ¯vcK?
K) wUwf L) wd«R M) †gvUiMvwo N) gvQ
178|wP‡Î H I T we›`y‡Z wK cÖKvk K‡i? 190| Pvwn`v w¯i †_‡K AbyK‚j cÖfv‡ei Kvi‡Y †hvMv‡bi cwigvY e„w× †c‡j-
K) `vg I Pvwn`vi m¤úK© L) Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi m¤úK©
i) †hvMvb †iLv Wvbw`‡K ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡e
M) `vg I Drcv`‡bi m¤úK© N) `vg I †hvMv‡bi m¤úK©
ii) fvimvg¨ `vg e„w× cv‡e
179|DwjøwLZ wP‡Î P1  8, P2  12, q1  20 I q1  20 I
iii) fvimvg¨ cwigvY e„w× cv‡e
q 2  40 n‡j Kx ai‡bi w¯wZ¯vcKZv cÖKvk Ki|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) GKK w¯wZ¯vcKZv K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
L) GK‡Ki †P‡q ‡ewk w¯wZ¯&vcKZv 191|‡hvMvb w¯wZ¯vcKZv gvb n‡Z cv‡i-
M) GK‡Ki †P‡q Kg w¯wZ¯vcKZv
i) abvZ¥K ii) FYvZ¥K iii) k~b¨
N) Amxg w¯wZ¯vcKZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
DÏxcKwU c‡o 180 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
192|wb‡Pi †KvbwU Elastic ?
i) wUwf ii) wd«R iii) gvQ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
193|wb‡Pi †KvbwU †hvMvb Aw¯wZ¯vcK?
180|DÏxc‡K †hvMvb †iLvwUi Xvj- i) gvQ ii) gvsm iii) Mvwo
K) abvZ¥K L) FYvZ¥K M) k~b¨ N) Amxg wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 181 I 182 bs cª‡kœi DËi `vI: K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i,ii I iii
ivwRe 10wU nvum wewµi Rb¨ evRv‡i wb‡q †Mj| evRv‡i nvu‡mi `vg
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 194 I 195 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Kg nIqvq wZwb 3wU nvum weµq K‡i| evwK¸‡jv wdwi‡q wb‡q Av‡m|
Ab¨ GKw`b †m evwK 7wU nvum wb‡q evRv‡i hvq Ges `v‡g †ek †`‡L ‡hvMvb mgxKiY: S  3  3P
me nvum wewµ K‡i †`q| (‡hLv‡b= S †hvMvb, P  `vg)

59
194|DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `ªe¨wUi KZ `v‡g †hvMvb FYvZ¥K n‡e? 208| wP‡Îi fvimvg¨ we›`y †KvbwU?
1 K) S L) T M) R N) M
K) 0 L) M) 1 N) 2
3 209|DÏxcK Abyhvqx P1 `v‡g AwZwi³ †hvMv‡bi cwigvYKZ?
195|DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `ªe¨wUi `vg †e‡o 3 UvKv †_‡K UvKv 6 UvKv K) ST L) P1 N M) P1T N) MN
n‡j †hvMvb w¯wZ¯vcKZv (ES) n‡e- DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 110 I 111 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) Es  1 L) Es  0 M) Es  1 N) Ea  1 Qd  10  2P
wb‡Pi QK n‡Z 196 I 197 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
X `ª‡eï `vg X `ª‡eï Pvwn`v X `ª‡eï †hvMvb Qs  2  P
(Qdx) (QSx) 110|DÏxc‡K fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY KZ?
1 UvKv 6 GKK 6 GKK K) 2 I 2 L) 2 I 4 M) 4 I 2 N) 4 I 4
2 GKK 6 GKK 8 GKK 111|DÏxc‡K fvimvg¨ `vg 2 UvKv n‡j Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZvi
196| X `ª‡eï †hvMv‡bi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv KZ? Av‡jv‡K `ªe¨wU †Kvb ai‡bi?
K) Es  0 L) Es  1 M) Es  1 N) Es  1 K) wejvmRvZ L) AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq M) cÖ‡qvRbxq N) ¯^vfvweK
197|w¯wZ¯vcKZvi wfwË‡Z X `ªe¨wUi Pvwn`v Kxiƒc? DÏxcKwU co 112 I 113 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wb‡¤œ GKwU kÖgevRv‡ii Pvwn`v I †hvMvb wb¤œiƒc:
K) w¯wZ¯vcK L) Aw¯wZ¯vcK
M) m¤ú~Y© w¯wZ¯vcK N) m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK
fvimvg¨
198.wb‡Pi †KvbwU evRvi fvimvg¨ wb‡`©k K‡i?
K) Pvwn`v> †hvMvb L) Pvwn`v  †hvMvb
M) Pvwn`v < †hvMvb N) Pvwn`v = †hvMvb 212|DÏxc‡K cÖ`wk©Z kÖg evRv‡i fvimvg¨ gRywi I fvimvg¨ wb‡qv‡Mi
199|fvimvg¨ Ae¯vq Pvwn`v w¯i †_‡K †hvMvb evo‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU cwigvY †hvM¨ h_vµ‡g-
NU‡e?? K) (15,10 ) L) (10 ,20 ) M) (5,10 ) N) (5,20 )
K) `v‡gi e„w× I Pvwn`vi n«vm L) `v‡gi n«vm I Pvwn`vi e„w×
213|`vg¯Íi w¯i †i‡L kÖgevRv‡i gRywi 10 UvKv n‡Z n«vm †c‡q 5
M) `v‡gi e„w× I Pvwn`vi e„w× N) `v‡gi n«vm I Pvwn`vi n«vm
UvKv n‡jÑ
200|Acquas I Libra †Kvb †`wk kã? i) kÖ‡gi NvUwZ †`Lv w`‡e
K) wMÖK L) j¨vwUb M) dviwm N) divwm
ii) kÖwg‡Ki RxebhvÎvi gvb n«vm cv‡e
201|`ywU wecixZgyLx kw³ ci¯úi mgvb n‡j Kx Ae¯vi m„wó nq?
iii) cÖK…Z gRywi e„w× cv‡e
K) w¯wZ¯vcKZv L) mgZv M) fvimvg¨ N) ¯weiZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
202|‡µZv I we‡µZvi NvZ-cªwZNv‡Z †h `vg wba©vwiZ nq Zv n‡jv-
K) †hvMvb `vg L) Pvwn`v `vg M) GKK `vg N) fvimvg¨ `vg K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
203| ‡µZv I we‡µZvi NvZ cÖwZNv‡Zi Øviv †h cwigvY wba©vwiZ nq Zv n‡jv- wb‡Pi QKwU jÿ Ki Ges 214 I 2015 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) Pvwn`vi cwigvY L) †hvMv‡bi cwigvY `vg P Pvwn`v (D) ‡hvMvb (S)
M) GKK cwigvY N) fvimvg¨ cwigvY 2 12 4
204| `ª‡eï †hvMvb AwZwi³ n‡j evRvi `vg- 4 10 6
K) evo‡e L) Kg‡e M) k~b¨ n‡e N) Amxg n‡e 8 6 10
205| KLb †gvU †hvMvb Pvwn`v‡K AwZµg Ki‡e? 10 4 12
K) `vg Kg‡j L) `vg evo‡j 214|fvimvg¨ `vg KZ?
M) `vg w¯i _vK‡j N) `vg k~b¨ n‡j K) 4 L) 6 M) 8 N) 10
206| evRvi fvimv‡gï †ÿ‡Î GwU jÿYxq †h- 215|`ªe¨wUi `vg 8 GKK n‡j DØ„Ë _vK‡e-
i) AwZwi³ Pvwn`vi Kvi‡Y `vg ev‡o K) 2 GKK L) 4 GKK M) 8 GKK N) 10 GKK
ii) AwZwi³ †hvMv‡bi Kvi‡Y `vg ev‡o DÏxcKwU co Ges 216 I 217 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
iii) Pvwn`v I †hvMvb mgvb n‡j `vg w¯i _v‡K P (UvKv) D S
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 2 12 2
4 10 2
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
207| fvimv‡gï †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡qvRb- 6 8 8
i) Od  Qs ii) Qd  Os iii) Od  Qs 8 4 10
216|fvimvg¨ `vg KZ UvKv?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) 8 L) 6 M) 4 N) 2
K) i L) ii M) iii N) i, ii I iii
217|‡Kvb `v‡g evRv‡i 6 GKK DØ„Ë _vK‡e?
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 208 I 209 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) 8 L) 9 M) 4 N) 2
wPÎwU ‡`‡L 218bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

60
218| DÏxcK Abymv‡i DØ„Ë †hvMv‡bi cwigvY KZ? 1. MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq †hme ivwk wfbœ wfbœ gvb MÖnY K‡i Zvi bvg- PjK|
2. PjK- `yB cÖKvi|
K) P1L L) LM M) P3 R N) RN
3. ‡h mKj ivwki gvb memgq w¯i _v‡K Zv‡K e‡j- aªæeK|
219| DÏxc‡Ki `ªe¨wUi `vg KZ n‡j †hvMvb FYvZ¥K n‡e? 4. Pj‡Ki mv‡_ aªæeK eëüZ n‡j Zv‡K wK e‡j- mnM|
K) 0 L) 1 M) 2 N) 3 5. mÂq wbf©ikxj- Av‡qi Ici|
220| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `ªe¨wUi `vg †e‡o 3 UvKv †_‡K 6 UvKv n‡j 6. ‡h PjK ¯^vaxbfv‡e gvb MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K e‡j- ¯^vaxb PjK|
†hvMv‡bi w¯wZ¯vcKZv n‡e- 7. ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki gv‡bi Ici wbf©ikxj ivwk- Aaxb PjK|
K) Es  1 L) Es  0 M) Es  1 N) Es  1 8. ‡jLwP‡Î Aÿ _v‡K- `yBwU|
Pvwn`v I †hvMvb cwieZ©‡bi cÖfve 9. ¯vbvs‡Ki cÖ_g msL¨vwU‡K e‡j - fzR|
221|evRvi fvimv‡gï †hvMvb w¯i †_‡K Pvwn`v e„w× †c‡j fvimv‡g¨ Kx 10. ¯vbvs‡Ki wØZxq msL¨vwUi bvg- †KvwU|
cwieZ©b nq? 11. ‡jLwP‡Î g~j we›`yi ¯vbvsK- (0,0)|
K) Pvwn`vi cwigvY e„w× I n«vm 12. Av‡cwÿK g~jZ GKwU- MvwYwZK mgxKiY|
L) Pvwn`vi cwigvY I `vg n«vm 13. `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Pvwn`vi cwieZ©‡bi m¤úK©- wecixZgyLx|
M) Pvwn`vi cwigvY n«vm I `vg e„w× 14. `v‡gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi m¤úK© †Kgb- mggyLx|
N) Pvwn`vi cwigvY I `vg e„w× 15. ‡hvMvb †iLvi Xvj- abvZ¥K|
222|Pvwn`v I †hvMvb cwieZ©‡bi d‡j fvimvg¨ `v‡gi †h cwieZ©b Zv 16. Xvj n‡jv- j¤^  f~wg(j¤^ cwieZ©b  f~wg cwieZ©b= (Y / X) |
Kqfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq? 17. ‡Kv‡bv †iLvi Xvj Amxg n‡j †iLvwU n‡e- Djø¤^|
K) 2 fv‡e L) 3 fv‡e M) 4 fv‡e N) 5 fv‡e 18. ‡iLvi Xvj k~b¨ n‡j †iLvwU- f~wgi mgvšÍivj n‡e|
223| Pvwn`vi cÖfve Kq ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i? 19. eµ †iLvi Xvj wbY©q Ki‡Z †K‡bv we›`y‡Z †h mij‡iLv Uvbv nq
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5 Zv‡K e‡j- ¯úk©K|
224| ‡hvMv‡bi cÖfve Kq ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i? 20. ‡h †iLvi Xvj †ewk †m †iLv- †ewk Lvov|
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5 21. `vg I Pvwn`vi g‡a¨ m¤úK© cÖKvkK wewa‡K e‡j - Pvwn`v wewa|
DËicÎ 22. ‡Kvb `ª‡eï `vg evo‡j Pvwn`v - K‡g|
1.K 2.K 3.N 4.M 5.L 6.N 7.L 23. `ª‡eï `vg Kg‡j Pvwn`v - ev‡o|
8.K 9.N 10.K 11.K 12.L 13.L 14.K 24. `vg I Pvwn`vi m¤úK©- wecixZgyLx|
15.K 16.K 17.K 18.L 19.N 20.M 21.N 25. `ª‡eï `vg evo‡j wKQz `ª‡eï Pvwn`v ev‡o, GB mKj `ªe¨‡K e‡j-
22.M 23.M 24.M 25.M 26.N 27.K 28.N wM‡db `ªe¨|
29.M 30.N 31.L 32.L 33.K 34.N 35.M 26. wM‡db `ªe¨ ¸‡jv n‡jv - †gvUv Pvj, Wvj, Avjy, †gvUv Kvco|
36.L 37.L 38.K 39.M 40.N 41.L 42.L 27. Pvwn`v †iLvi wfwË- Pvwn`vm~wP|
43.M 44.N 45.N 46.N 47.L 48.M 49.L 28. Pvwn`v - `yB cÖKvi|
50.M 51.L 52.K 53.K 54.K 55.L 56.N 29. e¨w³MZ Pvwn`vi mgwóB n‡jv- evRvi Pvwn`v|
57.K 58.M 59.K 60.M 61.K 62.N 63.N 30. Ô‡fv³vi D×…ËÕ avibvi cÖe³v - Aa¨vcK gvk©vj|
64.L 65.K 66.K 67.N 68.K 69.M 70.L 31. cwieZ©K `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î `vg I Pvwn`vi m¤úK© †Kgb- mggyLx|
71.L 72.N 73.N 74.N 75.N 76.N 77.L 32. cwieZ©K `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv - abvZ¥K|
78.M 79.N 80.K 81.K 82.L 83.M 84.L 33. ‡hme `ª‡eï weKí †bB Zv‡ì Pvwn`v- Aw¯wZ¯vcK|
85.K 86.L 87.K 88.K 89.M 90.K 91.M 34. cwieZ©K `ª‡eï Pvwn`v‡iLv - Wvb w`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx|
92.K 93.K 94.L 95.K 96.L 97.K 98.L 35. Pvwn`v †iLv mvaviYZ- evg †_‡K Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx|
99.N 100.L 101.K 102.M 103.K 104.L 105.K 36. GKwU `ª‡eï †fvM e„w× †c‡j Ab¨ `ª‡eï †fvM e„w× cvq| Ggb
106.K 107.L 108.K 109.M 110.N 111.L 112.N `ªe¨‡K e‡j- cwic~iK `ªe¨|
113.N 114.K 115.N 116.L 117.M 118.L 119.K 37. cwic~iK `ª‡eï AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv- FYvZ¥K|
120.K 121.K 122.M 123.L 124.K 125.M 126.K 38. `vg e„w×i d‡j Pvwn`vi cwigvY n«vm †c‡j Zv‡K e‡j - Pvwn`vi
127.N 128.L 129.K 130.L 131.L 132.K 133.N ms‡KvPb|
134.K 135.N 136.N 137.N 138.N 139.K 140.K 39. `vg cwieZ©b QvovB Pvwn`vi cwigvY e„w× †c‡j Zv‡K e‡j - Pvwn`vi e„w×|
141.L 142.L 143.K 144.K 145.L 146.K 147.N 40. Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv- wZb cÖKvi|
148.K 149.M 150.N 151.N 152.N 153.K 154.K 41. `ywU `ª‡eï g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv m¤úK© bv _vK‡j Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo
155.K 156.M 157.L 158.M 159.N 160.K 161.N w¯wZ¯vcKZv - k~b¨ nq|
162.N 163.K 164.M 165.K 166.K 167.N 168.L 42. wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡eï Pvwn`v - Aw¯wZ¯vcK|
169.K 170.L 171.K 172.L 173.K 174.M 175.N 43. `vg cwieZ©‡bi nvi A‡cÿv Pvwn`vi cwieZ©‡bi nvi †ewk n‡j Zv‡K
176.N 177.N 178.N 179.L 180.K 181.L 182.K e‡j- w¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v|
183.K 184.L 185.L 186.N 187.M 188.K 189.N 44. Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv cwigv‡ci Rb¨ Aa¨vcK gvk©vj cÖYxZ
190.L 191.N 192.K 193.K 194.K 195.N 196.L c×wZi bvg- †gvU e¨q c×wZ|
197.N 198.N 199.L 200.L 201.M 202.N 203.N 45. ‡hvMvb n‡jv gRy‡Zi GKwU - Ask|
204.K 205.L 206.N 207. 208.M 209.K 210.M 46. `vg e„w× †c‡j †hvMv‡bi ga¨Kvi m¤úK© †Kgb- mggyLx|
K 47. `vg Kg‡j ‡hvMvb- K‡g hvq|
211.K 212.L 213.K 214.L 215.L 216.L 217.K 48. †hvMvb †iLvi wfwË - †hvMvb m~wP|
218.L 219.K 220.N 221.N 222.K 223.K 224.K 49. AwZ¯^íKvjxb †gqv‡` †hvMvb †Kgb nq- Aw¯wZ¯vcK|
Zzwg Avgvi (wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© cixÿv) 50. `xN©‡gqv‡` †hvMv‡bi w¯wZ¯vcKZv †Kgb nq- †ewk nq|

61
51. ‡hvMvb †iLv mvaviYZ nq- evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx| 6. hw` X Ges Y weKí cY¨ nq, Zvn‡j wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU cY¨ Y Gi
Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb n‡Z cv‡i? [CU-D :
weMZ mv‡j wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© cixÿvq Avmv 21-22]
cÖ‡kœi wfwWI K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki| K) -2 L) -3
M) K I L DfqB N) K I L †KvbwUB bq
DËi: N
e¨vL¨v: m¤úK©hy³ `ª‡eï ‡ÿ‡Î,Ab¨vb¨ welq w¯i Ae¯vq ‡Kv‡bv
GKwU `ª‡eï `v‡gi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©‡bi d‡j m¤úwK©Z `ª‡eï
Pvwn`vi ‡h Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©b nq Zvi nvi‡K Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo
`vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j| G‡ÿ‡Î weKí ev cwieZ©K `ª‡eï AvovAvwo
w¯wZ¯vcKZvi gvb abvZ¥K, cwic~iK `ª‡eï AvovAvwo
w¯wZ¯vcKZvi gvb FYvZ¥K Ges m¤úK©nxb `ª‡eï gvb k~b¨ nq|
Abykxjbx cvV-3 (weMZ mv‡j Avmv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖkœ) Ackb A I B ‡Z FYvZ¥K gvb ‡Ìqv Av‡Q hv cwic~i‡Ki gvb
PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq wb‡`©k K‡i, weKí ev cwieZ©K Gi gvb FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv|
7. GKwU Amxg w¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`v ‡iLv n‡jv- [CU-D : 21-22]
1. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM FYvZ¥K n‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM Kx nq? [CU-D: 21-22] K) Wvbw`‡K wbgœMvgx L) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
K) e„w× cvq L) K‡g M) Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx N) f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
M) mgvbycvwZK _v‡K N) µgea©gvb nq DËi: N
DËi: L e¨vL¨v: ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï `v‡gi mvgvb¨ cwieZ©‡bi d‡j hw` Pvwn`vi
e¨vL¨v: µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa Abymv‡i, †gvU Dc‡hvM e¨vcK cwieZ©b nq Zvn‡j Zv‡K Amxg w¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v ‡iLv
e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Kg‡Z _v‡K, †gvU Dc‡hvM hLb e‡j| my‡ì nvi mvgvb¨ n«vm ‡c‡j UvKvi Pvwn`v e¨vcK e„w× cvq|
m‡ev©”P ZLb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM k~b¨, †gvU Dc‡hvM hLb Kg‡Z _v‡K G‡ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v ‡iLv f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq|
ZLb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM FYvZ¥K nq| 8. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM KLb k~b¨ nq? [CU-D : 21-22]
2. Y-`ª‡eï Pvwn`vi Avq w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb 1.5 n‡j, wb‡Pi †KvbwU K) ‡gvU Dc‡hvM evo‡Z _vK‡j L) ‡gvU Dc‡hvM Kg‡Z _vK‡j
mZ¨? [CU-D: 21-22] M) ‡gvU Dc‡hvM m‡e©v”P n‡j N) ‡gvU Dc‡hvM me©wbgœ n‡j
K) Y GKwU ¯^vfvweK `ªe¨ L) Y GKwU wejvm `ªe¨ DËi: L
M) Y GKwU wbK…ó `ªe¨ e¨v¨Lv: Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v w¯i ‡_‡K ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³
N) Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZvi gvb FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i bv hLb GKB `ªe¨ µgvMZ ‡fvM Ki‡Z _v‡K, ZLb H `ª‡eï ‡gvU
DËi: K Dc‡hvM e„w× ‡c‡jI cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM µgk n«vm cvq| ‡gvU
e¨vL¨v: Ab¨vb¨ welq w¯i †_‡K †fv³vi Av‡qi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©‡b Dc‡hvM e„w× ‡c‡jI cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Kg‡Z _v‡K ‡gvU Dc‡hvM
Pvwn`vi ‡h Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©b nq Zvi gvÎv‡K Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv hLb m‡e©v”P cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM ZLb k~b¨ ‡gvU Dc‡hvM hLb Kg‡Z
e‡j| mvaviY ev †fe‡jb c‡Yï Avq w¯wZ¯vcK abvZ¥K| _v‡K ZLb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM FYvZ¥K nq|
‡hgb: 1,2,2.5| wbK…ó ev wM‡db c‡Yï Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv 9. GKwU c‡Yï Pvwn`v ‡iLv D™¢~Z nq Zvi n‡Z| [CU-D : 21-22]
FYvZ¥K nq| †hgb -1,-2, -2.5 cÖ‡kœ gvb 1.5 hv abvZ¥K gvb K) my‡hvM LiP L) cÖvwšÍK M) cÖvwšÍK LiP N) Mo LiP
wb‡`©k K‡i| ZvB mvaviY `ªe¨ n‡e| DËi: M
3. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU evRv‡ii Pvwn`v ‡iLv‡K ¯’vbvšÍwiZ Ki‡e? [CU-D : 10. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM hLb k~b¨ ‡gvU Dc‡hvM ZLb- [CU-D : 20-21]
21-22] K) me©wbgœ L) ARvbv M) m‡e©v”P N) k~Y¨
K) Ceteris paribus Ae¯vi cwieZ©b DËi: L
L) cÖhyw³i cwieZ©b e¨vL¨v: ‡Kvb `ªe¨ µgvMZ ‡fv‡Mi d‡j Zvi ‡gvU Dc‡hvM
M) DcKiY g~j¨ cwieZ©b µgn«vmgvb nv‡i evo‡jI cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Kg‡Z _v‡K| Gfv‡e
N) mieivnKvixi msL¨vi cwieZ©b GKwU `ªe¨ µgvMZ ‡fv‡Mi d‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM hLb k~‡bï
DËi: K ‡KvUvq ‡b‡g Av‡m ‡gvU Dc‡hvM ZLb m‡e©v”P nq|
e¨vL¨v: A_©bxwZ‡Z Ceteris paribus Gi A_© Ab¨vb¨ me wKQy 11. GKwU `ª‡eï `vg evo‡j Gi Pvwn`vi cwigvYI ev‡o| myZivs wb‡Pi
w¯i _vK‡e, hv GKwU j¨vwUb kã| GB Ceteris paribus Gi ‡KvbwU mZ¨? [CU-D : 20-21]
Ae¯vi cwieZ©b Pvwn`v ‡iLv‡K cwieZ©b Ki‡e| `vg evo‡j K) GwU GKwU ¯^vfvweK `ªe¨
Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b nq, `vg Kg‡jI cwieZ©b nq | L) GwU GKwU wbK…ó `ªe¨
4. ‡Kvb c‡Yï Pvwn`v ‡iLv Djø¤^ n‡j cY¨wUi wbR¯^ g~j¨ w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv- M) GwU GKwU wM‡db `ªe¨
[CU-D: 21-22] N) `vg evo‡j Pvwn`vi cwigvY KL‡bv ev‡o bv
K) k~b¨ L) GK M) Amxg N) k~b¨ Ges GK Gi g‡a¨ DËi: L
DËi: K e¨vL¨v: mvaviYZ Avgiv Rvwb ¯^vfvweK `ª‡eï ‡ÿ‡Î `vg ev‡o
e¨vL¨v: Solve `v‡gi cwieZ©‡b hLb Pvwn`vi ‡Kv‡bviƒc cwieZ©b Pvwn`v K‡g Avi `vg Kg‡j Pwn`v ev‡o| Z‡e wKQy wKQy ‡ÿ‡Î
nq bv ZLb `vg I Pvwn`v ‡iLv mgvšÍivj nq| G‡K k~‡bï mgvb Pvwn`v wewai e¨wZµg jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| G cÖm‡½ 1840 mv‡j m¨vi
Pvwn`v w¯wZ¯vcKZv ev g~j¨ w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j| ‡hgb: JlyacÎ ievU© wM‡db wbK…ó ch©vqfy³ wKQy c‡Yï ‡ÿ‡Î jÿ¨ K‡ib ‡h, H
g~jë„w× ‡c‡jI ‡fv³vi Pvwn`vi ‡Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv | mKj c‡Yï `v‡gi e„w×‡Z Pvwn`v e„w× cvq Ges `vg n«v‡mi d‡j
5. hw` cÖvwšÍK ‡fvM cÖeYZv 0.75 nq, Zvn‡j ¸Y‡Ki gvb n‡e - Pwn`v n«vm cvq| ciewZ©‡Z wM‡d‡bi ZË¡ Abyhvqx wbK…ó cY¨‡K
[CU-D : 21-22] 'wM‡db `ªe¨' wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq|
K) 7.5 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
DËi: M
62
12. hw` wPwbi `v‡gi 20% n«vm Pv‡qi Pvwn`vi 10% e„w× NUvq, Z‡e GKRb hyw³kxj ‡fv³v me mgq ‡Póv Ki‡e m‡e©v”P Dc‡hvM
Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi [CU-D : 20-21] cÖ`vbKvix `ªe¨wU ‡fvM Ki‡Z|
K) AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv FYvZ¥K Ges cY¨¸wj G‡K Ac‡ii weKí 17. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM n«vm ‡c‡j- [CU-D : 20-21]
L) AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv FYvZ¥K Ges cY¨¸‡jv G‡K Ac‡ii K) ‡gvU Dc‡hvM µgn«vmgvb nv‡i ev‡o
cwic~iK L) ‡gvU Dc‡hvM w¯i _v‡K
M) AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv abvZ¥K Ges cY¨¸wj G‡K Ac‡ii weKí M) ‡gvU Dc‡hvM n«vm cvq
N) AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv abvZ¥K Ges cY¨¸wj G‡K Ac‡ii N) ‡gvU Dc‡hvM µgea©gvb nv‡i ev‡o
cwic~iK DËi: K
DËi: L e¨vL¨v: cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM hLb n«vm cvq ‡gvU Dc‡hvM ZLb
e¨vL¨v: Pv I wPwb cwic~iK `ªe¨| A_©vr G‡ÿ‡Î GKwU `ª‡eï `vg µgn«vmgvb nv‡i ev‡o| Avevi cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM hLb evo‡Z _v‡K
e„w× ‡c‡j AciwUi Pvwn`v n«vm cvq| cÖ‡kœ Pv‡qi Pvwn`v 10% ‡gvU Dc‡hvM ZLb µgea©gvb nv‡i ev‡o |
e„w×i Kvi‡Y wPwbi `vg 20% n«vm ‡c‡q‡Q| ZvB G‡ÿ‡Î AvovAvwo 18. Pvwn`v w¯’i ‡_‡K ‡hvMvb Kg‡j- [CU-D : 20-21]
w¯wZ¯vcKZvi gvb FYvZ¥K Ges cY¨¸‡jv (Pv I wPwb) G‡K K) fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY Df‡q n«vm cv‡e
Ac‡ii cwic~iK| L) fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY Df‡q e„w× cv‡e
13. GK‡PwUqv Kvievwii Pvwn`v ‡iLv [CU-D : 20-21] M) fvimvg¨ `vg n«vm cv‡e wKš‧ fvimvg¨ cwigvY evo‡e
K) GKwU c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvMx dv‡g©i Pvwn`vi b¨vq N) fvimvg¨ cwigvY n«vm cv‡e wKš‧ fvimvg¨ `vg evo‡e
L) evRv‡ii Pvwn`v ‡iLvi b¨vq DËi: N
M) m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK 19. fvimvg¨ `v‡g- [CU-D : 20-21]
N) m¤ú~Y© w¯wZ¯vcK K) Pvwn`vi cwigvY ‡hvMv‡bi cwigv‡Yi mgvb
DËi: L L) Pvwn`vi cwigvY ‡hvMv‡bi cwigv‡Yi ‡P‡q ‡ewk
e¨vL¨v: ‡h‡nZy GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i `ª‡eï GKK we‡µZv we`¨gvb M) ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi ‡P‡q ‡ewk
‡m‡nZy GK‡PwUqv dv‡g©i Pvwn`v ‡iLv I evRvi Pvwn`v ‡iLv GKB| N) Pvwn`vi cwigvY I ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY k~b¨
hv mvaviYZ evg ‡_‡K Wvbw`‡K wbgœMvgx| GK‡PwUqv Kvievwi hw` DËi: K
Zvi `ª‡eï `vg evovq Z‡e ‡fv³vi `ªe¨wU Kg wK‡b Avi hw` e¨vL¨v: evRvi A_©bxwZ Z_v c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv g~jK evRvi eë¯vq
`ª‡eï `vg Kgvq Zvn‡j `ªe¨wU ‡ewk wewµ nq| Pvwn`v I ‡hvMv‡bi cvi¯úwiK wµqv-cÖwZwµqvi gva¨‡g evRvi
14. GKRb hyw³kxj ‡fv³v memgq ‡Póv Ki‡e [CU-D : 20-21] fvimvg¨ wba©vwiZ nq| ‡h `v‡g evRv‡i ‡Kvb `ª‡eï Pvwn`v I
K) me Avq LiP Ki‡Z L) LiP me©wbgœ Ki‡Z ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY ci¯úi mgvb nq Zv‡K fvimvg¨ `vg e‡j |
M) DcvR©b m‡e©v”P Ki‡Z N) Dc‡hvM m‡e©v”P Ki‡Z 20. GKRb ‡fv³v KZ©…K Av‡c‡ji ‡fvM m¤úwK©Z wb‡Pi m~wPwU we‡ePbv
DËi: N Ki: [CU-D : 20-21]
e¨vL¨v: ‡fv³v ev gvby‡li AdyišÍ Afve ‡gUv‡bvi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡ Av‡c‡ji cwigvY ‡gvU Dc‡hvM
Abymv‡i `ªe¨ ev ‡mev ‡fvM Ki‡Z nq `ªe¨ I ‡mevi g‡a¨ gvby‡li 1 8
Afve c~i‡Yi ‡h ÿgZv i‡q‡Q Zv‡K Dc‡hvM e‡j| Afve c~i‡Y, 2 14
‡fv³vi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv me©vwaK Kg e¨‡qi gva¨‡g Dc‡hvM m‡e©v”P 3 18
Kiv Ges Drcv`‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv `ÿZvi mv‡_ me©vwaK Kg e¨‡qi 4 21
gva¨‡g m‡e©v”P Dc‡hvM ‡`qv | wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨?
15. Av‡c‡ji evRv‡ii Pvwn`v-‡hvMvb wP‡Î fvimvg¨ we›`ywU wb‡P evgw`‡K m‡i K) m~wPwU µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM ‡`Lvq
‡M‡Q| GwU Kx Kvi‡Y n‡Z cv‡i? [CU-D : 20-21] L) m~wPwU µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM ‡`Lvq
K) Av‡c‡ji `vg Kgvi Kvi‡Y M) m~wPwU w¯i cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM ‡`Lvq
L) Av‡c‡ji `vg evovi Kvi‡Y N) m~wPwU n‡Z cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ Kiv m¤¢e bq
M) ‡fv³v‡ì Avq Kgvi Kvi‡Y DËi: K
N) Av‡c‡ji AbyK~‡j ‡fv³v‡ì cQ›` cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y e¨vL¨v: µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai aviYvwU Rvg©vb
DËi: M A_©bxwZwe` nvig¨vb ‡nbwiL ‡Mv‡mb me©cÖ_g D‡jøL Ki‡jI
e¨vL¨v: mvaviYZ Pvwn`v wewa‡Z `vg I Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi g‡a¨ ‡h gvk©v‡ji fvlvq cwic~Y©Zv jvf K‡i| Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v w¯i ‡_‡K,
wecixZ m¤úK© we`¨gvb Zv cÖKvk cvq| Z‡e wKQy wKQy ‡ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v ‡Kvb wbw`©ó mg‡q ‡Kvb e¨w³ hLb GKB `ªe¨ µgvMZfv‡e ‡fvM
wewai e¨wZµg jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| ‡hgb: wM‡db `ªe¨, ‡fe‡jb `ªe¨, Ki‡Z _v‡K, ZLb H `ª‡eï ‡gvU Dc‡hvM e„w× ‡c‡jI cÖvwšÍK
Af¨vm I iæwPi cwieZ©b, Av‡qi cwieZ©b, Ae¯vMZ KviY, weKí Dc‡hvM µgk n«vm cvq|
`ª‡eï `vg, ‡µZvi AÁZv BZ¨vwì Kvi‡Y Pvwn`v wewai e¨wZµg 21. GKRb e¨w³ µgvMZ GKwU `ªe¨ ‡fv‡Mi cwigvY evov‡Z _vK‡j
NwU‡q `vg I Pvwn`vi g‡a¨ mggyLx m¤úK© ‣Zix nq| [CU-D : 20-21]
16. Afve Amxg Ges cÖvß m¤ú` mxwgZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y GKRb ‡fv³v- K) ‡gvU Dc‡hvM e„w× cvq, wKš‧ cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM n«vm cvq
[CU-D: 20-21] L) ‡gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Df‡qB e„w× cvq
K) e¨q Ki‡Z Pvq bv M) ‡gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Df‡qB n«vm cvq
L) Kg `vgx wRwbm wKb‡Z Pvq N) ‡gvU Dc‡hvM n«vm cvq, wKš‧ cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM e„w× cvq
M) Avq‡Ëi g‡a¨ m‡e©v”P Dc‡hvM cÖ`vbKvix `ªe¨ wKb‡Z Pvq DËi: K
N) `vgx `ªe¨ Av‡M wKb‡Z Pvq DËi: ‡Kvb ‡µZv GKwU wbw`©ó `ª‡eï µgvMZ ‡fv‡Mi d‡j `ªe¨wU
DËi: M ‡fv‡Mi ‡gvU Dc‡hvM e„w× ‡c‡jI cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM n«vm c‡e|
e¨vL¨v: A_©bxwZ‡Z Dc‡hvM ej‡Z ‡Kvb `ªe¨ ev ‡mevi H we‡kl ‡hgb: ‡Kvb `ª‡eï cÖ_‡gi GK‡Ki Rb¨ ‡µZv 10UvKv w`‡Z ivwR
¸Y‡K ‡evSvq, hv Øviv gvby‡li we‡kl Afve ‡gUv‡bv m¤¢e nq| n‡j, GKB `ª‡eï wØZxq GK‡Ki Rb¨ ‡h Av‡Mi ‡_‡K Kg g~j¨
gvby‡li Afve Amxg wKš‧ m¤ú` mxwgZ, GB mxwgZ m¤ú‡ì g‡a¨
63
w`‡Z ivwR _v‡Kb G‡Z ‡gvU Dc‡hvM e„w× ‡c‡jI cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM cwigvY n«vm cvq| cÖ‡kœ D‡jøwLZ X I Y `ywU cwic~iK `ªe¨| ZvB `ª‡eï
n«vm cvq | `vg e„w× ‡c‡j X `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi cwigvY n«vm cv‡e|
22. g‡b Ki, Pv‡ji Pvwn`vi Avq w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv FYvZ¥K| Z‡e Pvj Kx 28. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU `vg m~PK bq? [CU-D : 19-20]
ai‡Yi `ªe¨? [CU-D : 20-21] K) ‡fv³vi `vgm~PK L) Drcv`‡Ki `vgm~PK
K) wM‡db L) wbK…ó M) ¯^vfvweK N) w¯wZ¯vcK M) wRwWwc wW‡d¬±i N) gvk©v‡ji m~PK
DËi: M DËi: N
e¨vL¨v: Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v w¯i ‡_‡K ‡µZv ev ‡fv³vi Avw_©K Av‡qi e¨vL¨v: gy`ªvùxwZ cwigv‡c wewfbœ m~PK i‡q‡Q ‡hgb ‡fv³vi `vg m~PK,
Av‡cwÿK ev kZvswkK cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`vi cixÿ‡Yi ‡h Drcv`‡Ki `vgm~PK, Ae¨³ Aeg~j¨vqb m~PK, wRGbwc ms‡KvPb,
Av‡cwÿK ev kZvswkK cwieZ©b N‡U Zvi gvÎv‡K Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kg©ms¯vb e¨qm~PK, International Price Program, The Digital
e‡j| mvaviYZ `ª‡eï ‡ÿ‡Î Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv abvZ¥K; wKš‧ wbK…ó Currency Index, Rxeb hvÎvi e¨qm~PKmn cÖf…wZ|
`ª‡eï ‡ÿ‡Î Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv FYvZ¥K nq| 29. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU bxwZevPK wee„wZ? [CU-D : 19-20]
23. GKwU `ª‡eï 2q I 3q GK‡Ki ‡gvU Dc‡hvM h_vµ‡g 5 GKK I 7 GKK K) `vge„w× mvaviYZ ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY e„w× K‡i
n‡j 3q GK‡Ki cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM n‡e- [CU-D : 20-21] L) Kiv‡ivc GKwU `ª‡eï `vg evwo‡q ‡`q
K) 2 L) 7 M) 12 N) 5 M) wkÿvLv‡Z miKv‡ii AviI ‡ewk A_© e¨q Kiv DwPZ
DËi: K N) K I L DfqB
e¨vL¨v: ‡Kvb wbw`©ó mg‡q GKwU `ª‡eï wewfbœ GKK ‡_‡K cÖvß DËi: N
Z…wßi mgwó‡K ‡gvU Dc‡hvM e‡j| Avi AwZwi³ GK GKK `ªe¨ ev e¨vL¨v: ‡hvMvbwewa Abyhvqx `vg evo‡j ‡hvMvb ev‡o| Avi ‡Kv‡bv
‡mev ‡fvM K‡i ‡h AwZwi³ Dc‡hvM ev Z…wß cvIqv hvq Zv‡K `ª‡eï Dci miKvi hw` Kiv‡ivc K‡i Zvn‡jB ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB ‡m
cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM e‡j| cÖ‡kœ D‡jøwLZ `ª‡eï 2q I 3q GK‡Ki `ª‡eï `vg evo‡Z| Avi GmeB bxwZevPK wee„wZi AšÍf©y³|
‡gvU Dc‡hvM 5 GKK I 7 GKK Ges 3q GK‡Ki cÖvwšÍK 30. 100 UvKv `v‡g ingvb cÖwZgv‡m 3wU CD wK‡b| `vg K‡g 90 UvKv n‡j ‡m
Dc‡hvM 2 GKK | gv‡m 5wU CD wK‡b| Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi Zvi - [CU-D:19-20]
24. miKvi fvimv‡gï wb‡P `vg ‡eu‡a w`‡j Kx N‡U? [CU-D:20-21] K) Pvwn`v ‡e‡o ‡M‡Q
K) DØ…Ë L) Pvwn`vi ¯vbvšÍi L) Pvwn`vi cwigvY I Pvwn`v DfqB ‡e‡o ‡M‡Q
M) NvUwZ N) ‡hvMv‡bi ¯vbvšÍi M) Pvwn`vi cwigvY ‡e‡o‡Q wKš‧ Pvwn`v GKB Av‡Q
DËi: L N) G e¨vcv‡i gšÍe¨ Kivi g‡Zv ch©vß Z_¨ Avgv‡ì ‡bB
e¨vL¨v: evRv‡i ‡µZvi Pvwn`v I we‡µZvi ‡hvMv‡bi NvZ- cÖwZNv‡Z DËi: L
`ª‡eï `vg wba©vwiZ nq| ‡h `v‡g ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï Pvwn`v I ‡hvMvb ci¯úi e¨vL¨v: cÖwZwU CD Gi `vg 100 UvKv _vKv‡Z ingvb cÖwZgv‡m
mgvb nq Zv‡K fvimvg¨ `vg ejv nq| A_©vr Pvwn`v I ‡hvMv‡bi mgZv 3wU wKb‡Zv| wKš‧ hLb `vg K‡g 100 ‡_‡K 90 n‡jv G‡Z Zvi
Øviv fvimvg¨ `vg I fvimvg¨ `ª‡eï cwigvY wba©vwiZ nq| wKš‧ miKvi Pvwn`v ‡e‡o ‡Mj | ‡h‡nZy `vg Kg‡j Pvwn`v ev‡o|
hw` fvimv‡gï wb‡P `vg ‡eu‡a ‡`q Zvn‡j `ª‡eï ‡hvMvb K‡g hvq 31. a‡i bvI j¨vcUc Gi `vg K‡g‡Q Ges weµ‡qi cwigvY ‡e‡o‡Q| Gi
Ges evRv‡i NvUwZ ‡`Lv ‡`q| m¤¢ve¨ KviY Kx n‡Z cv‡i? [CU-D : 19-20]
25. wbK…ó c‡Yï ‡ejvq- [CU-D : 20-21] K) j¨vcUc Gi Pvwn`v K‡g ‡M‡Q
K) cY¨wUi `vg e„w× ‡c‡j Gi Pvwn`vi cwigvY n«vm cvq L) KvwiMwi ‡K․k‡ji DbœwZ n‡q‡Q
L) cY¨wUi `vg n«vm ‡c‡j Gi Pvwn`vi cwigvY n«vm cvq M) j¨vcUc Gi Pvwn`v ‡e‡o ‡M‡Q
M) Avq e„w× ‡c‡j cY¨wUi Pvwn`v n«vm cvq N) evRv‡i ‡µZvi msL¨v ‡e‡o ‡M‡Q
N) Avq n«vm ‡c‡j cY¨wUi Pvwn`v n«vm cvq DËi: K
DËi: M e¨vL¨v: Ab¨vb¨ me welq w¯i ‡_‡K hLb GKwU `ª‡eï `vg K‡g
e¨vL¨v: †h mKj `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î †µZvi Avq evo‡j `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi hvq ZLb Zvi Pvwn`v ev‡o | G‡ÿ‡Î j¨vcUc Gi `vg K‡g‡Q,
cwigvY n«vm cvq Ges Avq n«vm †c‡j `ª‡eï Pvwn`v cwigvY e„w× ZvB GUvi Pvwn`vI ‡e‡o‡Q A_©vr weµ‡qi cwigvYI ‡e‡o‡Q|
cvq Zv‡K A_©bxwZ‡Z wbK…ó `ªe¨ e‡j| 32. hw` z GKwU wbK…ó `ªe¨ nq Z‡e ‡fv³v‡ì Avq e„w×i Kvi‡Y-
26| Pv‡ji `vg 5% e„w× †c‡j Pv‡ji Pvwn`vi cwigvY 3% n«vm cvq| [CU-D : 19-20]
myZivs Pvj GKwU- K) Gi Pvwn`v evo‡e L) Gi Pvwn`v Kg‡e
K) `vg w¯wZ¯vcK cY¨ L) `vg Aw¯wZ¯vcK cY¨ M) Gi evRvi `vg Kg‡e N) Gi Pvwn`v AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e
M) `vg wbi‡cÿ cY¨ N) wejvm cY¨ DËi: K
DËi: K e¨vL¨v: wbK…ó `ª‡eï ‡ÿ‡Î `vg I Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi g‡a¨ mggyLx
e¨vL¨v:†Kv‡bv `ª‡eï `vg cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Zvi Pvwn`vi cwieZ©‡bi m¤úK© weivR K‡i| A_©vr `ª‡eï `v‡gi e„w×‡Z Pvwn`v e„w× cvq
nvi‡K Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv (Price ealsticity of Ges `vg n«v‡mi d‡j Pvwn`v n«vm cvq|
demand) ejv nq| Pvwn`v wewa Abyhvqx Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v 33. Bbmywj‡bi Pvwn`v Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK n‡j `vg e„w× Bbmywjb wewµ n‡Z
AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L `ª‡eï `vg evo‡j Pvwn`v K‡g Ges `vg Kg‡j cÖvß ‡gvU Avq‡K- [CU-D : 19-20]
Pvwn`v ev‡o| cÖ‡kœ Pv‡ji `vg 5% K‡g hvIqvq Pv‡ji Pvwn`vi K) evo‡e L) Kgv‡e M) 5% Kgv‡e N) 10% Kgv‡e
cwigvY 3% K‡g †M‡Q| myZivs Pvj GKwU `vg w¯wZ¯vcK cY¨| DËi: K
27. Y `ª‡eï `vg e„w× ‡c‡j X `ª‡eï Pvwn`v n«vm cvq| myZivs X Ges e¨vL¨v: `vg cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`vi hw` ‡Zgb ‡Kv‡bv cwieZ©b bv
Y `ªe¨ n‡jv ci¯úi- [CU-D : 20-21] nq, Z‡e Zv‡K Aw¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v e‡j| Bbmywj‡bi Pvwn`v
K) wbi‡cÿ L) ¯^vaxb M) cwic~iK N) weKí Aw¯wZ¯vcK nIqv m‡Ë¡I hw` `vg evov‡bv nq Zvn‡j Bbmywjb
DËi: M wewµ n‡Z cÖvß ‡gvU Avq evov‡e|
e¨v¨Lv: ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï Pvwn`v Zvi cwic~iK `ª‡eï `v‡gi Dci wbf©i 34. `ywU `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb abvZ¥K|
K‡i| A_©vr ‡Kvb `ª‡eï `vg e„w× ‡c‡j Zvi cwic~iK `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi myZivs Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi [CU-D : 19-20]
K) `ªe¨ `y‡Uv G‡K Ac‡ii cwieZ©K
64
L) `ªe¨ `y‡Uv GK Ac‡ii cwic~iK 1% 1
M) `ªe¨ `y‡Uvi g‡a¨ ‡Kv‡bv m¤úK© ‡bB = 2% = 2 <1
N) ‡Kv‡bv m¤úK© Av‡Q wKbv Zv ejv m¤¢e bq A_©vr Aw¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v| D‡jøL¨, hw` gvb 1 ‡_‡K ‡ewk nq
DËi: K Z‡e Pvwn`v w¯wZ¯vcK Avi hw` gvb 1 ‡_‡K Kg nq Z‡e Pvwn`v
e¨vL¨v: cwieZ©K `ª‡eï ‡ÿ‡Î AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv abvZ¥K Aw¯wZ¯vcK |
(positive), cwic~iK `ª‡eï ‡ÿ‡Î G gvb FYvZ¥K (Negative) 41. hw` evRv‡i we‡µZvi msL¨v ev‡o Z‡e, [CU-D : 18-19]
I m¤úK©nxb `ªeï ‡ÿ‡Î k~b¨ n‡e | K) fvimvg¨ `vg Kg‡e wKš‧ fvimvg¨ cwigvY evo‡e
35. GKwU `ª‡eï eZ©gvb `vg hw` fvimvg¨ `v‡gi Dc‡i nq, Z‡e - L) fvimvg¨ `vg evo‡e wKš‧ fvimvg¨ cwigvY Kg‡e
[CU-D : 19-20] M) fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY Df‡qB Kg‡e
K) evRv‡i AwZwi³ Pvwn`vi m„wó n‡e N) fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY Df‡qB evo‡e
L) evRv‡i AwZwi³ ‡hvMv‡bi m„wó n‡e DËi: K
M) AwZwi³ Pvwn`v ev ‡hvMvb ‡Kv‡bvwUB _vK‡e bv e¨vL¨v: ¯^vfvweKfv‡e we‡µZv ‡ewk n‡j `ª‡eï `vg K‡g hvq|
N) evRv‡i `vg evo‡Z _vK‡e A_©vr `vg Kg‡j Pvwn`v ‡e‡o hvq| G Rb¨ `vg Kg‡e wKš‧
DËi: L fvimvg¨ cwigvY evo‡e|
e¨vL¨v: Solve GKwU `ª‡eï fvimvg¨ `vg ‡_‡K hLb e„w× cv‡e 42. wb‡Pi ‡Kvb mgxKiYwU g~jwe›`yMvgx? [CU-D : 18-19]
ZLb eëmvqxiv AwaK gybvdv jv‡fi Avkvq evRv‡i AwaK `ª‡eï K) y= 3x L) y= -3x M) y=ex N) Dc‡ii K I L
‡hvMvb w`‡e | DËi: N
36. a‡i bvI Av‡cj I Kgjv G‡K Ac‡ii cwieZ©K| hw` Av‡c‡ji 43. wb‡Pi ‡KvwU bxwZevPK wee„wZ? [CU-D : 19-20]
`vg ev‡o Z‡e wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU NU‡e? [CU-D : 19-20] K) `vg Kg‡j `ª‡eï ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY K‡g
K) Av‡c‡ji Pvwn`v ‡iLv Dc‡i ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡e L) `~lY Kgv‡bv G‡Zv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ‡h LiP wb‡q fvebvi ‡Kv‡bv AeKvk ‡bB
L) Kgjvi Pvwn`v ‡iLv Dc‡i ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡e M) KvwiMwi Dbœqb A_©bxwZi m¤¢ve¨ Drcv`b evov‡e
M) Kgjvi Pvwn`v ‡iLv wb‡P ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡e N) Kiv‡ivc `ª‡eï `vg evov‡e
N) Av‡c‡ji Pvwn`v ‡iLv wb‡P ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡e DËi: N
DËi: L e¨vL¨v: Kiv‡ivc Kiv n‡j `ª‡eï `vg e„w× cvq| KvwiMwi Dbœqb
e¨vL¨v: `ywU `ªe¨ cwieZ©K n‡e ZLbB hLb GwU `ª‡eï `v‡gi A_©bxwZi Dbœqb evov‡e |
e„w×‡Z Aci `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi e„w× N‡U| ‡hgb: Pv-Kwd, wPwb-¸o 44. nxi‡Ki `vg cvwbi `v‡gi Zyjbvq ‡ewk, KviY [CU-D : 18-
BZ¨vw` G‡K Ac‡ii weKí ev cwieZ©K `ªe¨ | 19]
37. GKwU `ª‡eï `vg 10% evo‡j ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY 20% ev‡o| K) nxi‡Ki ‡gvU Dc‡hvM cvwbi ‡gvU Dc‡hv‡Mi Zyjbvq ‡ewk
‡hvMv‡bi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv n‡”Q - [CU-D : 19-20] L) nxi‡Ki ‡gvU Dc‡hvM cvwbi ‡gvU Dc‡hv‡Mi Zyjbvq Kg
K) 2 L) -2 M) 0.5 N) -0.5 M) nxiK AjsKvi iƒ‡c Ges cvwb wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Kv‡R eëüZ nq
DËi: K N) nxi‡Ki cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM cvwbi cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi Zyjbvq ‡ewk
e¨vL¨v: `v‡gi Av‡cwÿK ev kZvswkK cwieZ©‡bi d‡j ‡hvMv‡bi ‡h DËi: N
Av‡cwÿK ev kZvswkK cwieZ©b nq G `yB‡qi AbycvZ‡K e¨vL¨v: K¨vgweªR wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK gvk©vj (1842-1924)
‡hvMv‡bi w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j | Dc‡hvM welqwU cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM aviYvi mvnv‡h¨ ‡µZv ev we‡µZv
38. ¯^íKv‡j wb‡Pi ‡Kvb e³e¨wU mwVK? [CU-D : 18-19] AvPiY we‡køl‡Y cÖqvmx nb |
K) wMwb m~PK L) gvk©v‡ji m~PK 45. wbK…ó `ª‡eï ‡ejvq- [CU-D : 18-19]
M) †fv³vi Avq N) †fv³vi `vgm~PK K) `vg e„w× ‡c‡j Pvwn`v n«vm cvq
DËi: N L) `vg e„w× ‡c‡j Pvwn`v e„w× cvq
39. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU Pvwn`vi wba©viK bq? [CU-D : 18-19] M) Avq e„w× ‡c‡j Pvwn`v n«vm cvq
K) ‡fv³vi Avq L) ‡fv³vi iæwP M) AvenvIqv N) DcKiY LiP N) Avq e„w× ‡c‡j Pvwn`v e„w× cvq
DËi: N DËi: M
e¨vL¨v: ‡fv³vi Avq, †fv³vi iæwP, AvenvIqv, `ª‡eï wbR¯^ `vg, e¨vL¨v: 'wbK…ó `ª‡eï' ‡ejvq ‡µZvi Avq e„w× ‡c‡j `ªe¨wUi Pvwn`v
mgq, m¤úwK©Z `ª‡eï `vg, evRv‡ii ‡µZvi msL¨v, iæwP, weÁvcb,
n«vm cvq| Ab¨w`‡K Ô¯^vfvweK `ª‡eï' (Normal Good) ‡ÿ‡Î
miKv‡ii f~wgKv, AvšÍR©vwZK evwYR¨, Av‡qi eÈb, mÂq cÖeYZv,
‡µZvi Avq e„w× ‡c‡j `ªe¨wUi Pvwn`v e„w× cvq |
RxebhvÎvi gvb G¸‡jv Pvwn`vi wba©viK| Pvwn`v ‡iLv evg w`K
46. wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY ‡KvbwU? [CU-D : 17-18]
‡_‡K Wvb w`‡K wbgœMvgx |
K) MT=VP L) MP=VT M) MV = PT N) M = VPT
40. GKwU `ª‡eï `vg 2% evo‡j| dj¯îƒc `ªe¨wUi Pvwn`vi cwigvY
DËi: L
1% Kgj| `ªe¨wUi Pvwn`vi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv n‡”Q- [CU-D :
e¨vL¨v: wewkó A_©bxwZwe` Aa¨vcK Aviwfs wdkvi 1911 mv‡j Zvui
19-20]
K) w¯wZ¯vcK L) GKK w¯wZ¯vcK weL¨vZ MÖš The Purchasing Power of Money' ‡Z Zvui
M) Aw¯wZ¯vcK N) cwic~Y© w¯wZ¯vcK mgxKiYwU wj‡Lb| ‡hLv‡b M ‡gvU wewnZ A‡_©i cwigvY
DËi: L (Money Suppy), V = A‡_©i Mo cÖPjb MwZ (Velocity of
e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv n‡jv, Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi kZKiv Money), P= mvaviY `vg¯Íi (Price level) Ges T =
cwieZ©b I `v‡gi cwigv‡Yi kZKiv AbycvZ A_©vr Pvwn`vi ‡jb‡`‡bi cwigvb (Transaction)| G‡ÿ‡Î ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q
w¯wZ¯vcKZv V I T w¯i _vK‡j M Gi mv‡_ P m¤úK© nq mgvbycvwZK |
Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi kZKiv cwieZ©b A_©vr ‡hvMvb evo‡j `ª‡eï `vg ¯ÍiI ev‡o |
(Ed) = `v‡gi kZKiv cwieZ©b 47| Pvwn`v `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb GK Gi Kg n‡j- [CU-D : 18-19]
K) `vg e„w×i mv‡_ ‡fv³vi ‡gvU e¨q e„w× cvq
65
L) `vg n«v‡mi mv‡_ ‡fv³vi ‡gvU e¨q e„w× cvq M) DØ…Ë : Dc‡ii w`‡K N) NvUwZ : Dc‡ii w`‡K
M) `vg n«v‡mi mv‡_ ‡fv³vi ‡gvU e¨q n«vm cvq DËi: M
N) K I M DËi: N e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`v I ‡hvMv‡bi GgZve¯vq ‡hvMvb evo‡j Pvwn`v Kg‡e
e¨vL¨v: `v‡gi kZKiv cwieZ©‡bi ‡P‡q Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi kZKiv Ges ‡hvMvb Kg‡j Pvwn`v evo‡e d‡j Pvwn`v ‡iLv Wvbw`‡K
cwieZ©b hw` Kg nq Zvn‡j Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZvi gvb G‡Ki ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡e|
‡P‡q Kg nq| 54. GKwU `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv hw` 4 nq Z‡e `v‡gi 10%
A_©vr Ed <11 e„w×i Kvi‡Y- [CU-D : 17-18]
48. GKwU ‡hvMvb ‡iLvi mgxKiY n‡”Q, Qs = -10+5P ‡iLvi Xvj K) Pvwn`vi cwigvY 4% n«vm cv‡e
n‡”Q? [CU-D : 18-19] L) Pvwn`vi cwigvY 10% n«vm cv‡e
K) -10 L) 5 M) 2 N) 1/2 M) Pvwn`vi cwigvY 40% n«vm cv‡e
DËi: L N) ‡Kv‡bvwU bq
e¨vL¨v: `vg I ‡hvMv‡bi g‡a¨ mggyLx m¤ú‡K©i Kvi‡Y ‡hvMvb ‡iLv DËi: M
evg w`K ‡_‡K Wvb w`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx nq| `vg I ‡hvMv‡bi g‡a¨ e¨vL¨v: Avgiv Rvwb, Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv
m¤úK© cÖKvkK ‡hvMvb mgxKiYwU Qs = c + dp | GLv‡b, Qs = Pvwn`vi kZvswkK cwieZ©b
Quantity of Supply, c = aªæeK (w¯igvb), d = ‡iLvi Xvj, p `v‡gi kZvswkK cwieZ©b
= `vg| myZivs cÖ`Ë mgxKiYwU‡Z ‡iLvi Xvj 5 | Pvwn`vi kZvswkK cwieZ©b
49. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU ‡hvMv‡bi wba©viK bq? [CU-D : 18-19] 10
K) cQ›`µg L) m¤úwK©Z `ª‡eï `vg Pvwn`vi kZvswkK cwieZ©b = 40%
M) AvenvIqv N) DcKiY LiP 55. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM FYvZ¥K n‡j ‡gvU Dc‡hvM ‡Kgb n‡e? [CU-D :
DËi: K 17-18]
e¨vL¨v: AvenvIqv, m¤úwK©Z `ª‡eï `vg I DcKiY LiP ‡hvMv‡bi K) e„w× cv‡e L) w¯i _vK‡e
wba©viK| cQ›`µg ‡hvMv‡bi wba©viK bq ZvB K mwVK DËi| M) n«vm cv‡e N) ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq
50. `ªe¨ ‡fv‡Mi cwigvY µgvMZ eov‡Z _vK‡j me©‡kl GK‡Ki Dc‡hvM DËi: L
Kg‡Z _v‡K wb‡Pi ‡Kvb wewawUi Kvi‡Y? [CU-D : 18-19] e¨vL¨v: wbw`©ó mg‡q ‡fv‡Mi cwigvY e„w×i mv‡_ ‡gvU Dc‡hvM e„w×
K) µg n«vmgvb ‡gvU Drcv`b wewa cvq Giƒc ‡fv‡M e„w× Ki‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM n«vm cvq|
L) µg ea©gvb ‡gvU Drcv`b wewa 56. ‡Kvb `ª‡eï cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM k~b¨ n‡j ‡gvU Dc‡hvM- [CU-D :
M) µg n«vmgvb ‡gvU Dc‡hvM wewa 17-18]
N) µg-n«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa K) m‡e©v”P L) k~b¨ M) me©wbgœ N) FYvZ¥K
DËi: N DËi: K
e¨vL¨v: µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai aviYvwU Rvg©vb e¨vL¨v: cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM k~b¨ nIqvi ci FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i wKš‧
A_©bxwZwe` ‡nbwiL ‡Mv‡mb me©c_Ö g D‡jøL K‡ib| cieZ©x‡Z GwU ‡gvU Dc‡hvM m‡e©v”P nq|
gvk©v‡ji fvlvq cwic~Y©Zv jvf K‡i| Prof. Gevons G wewa‡K 57. Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi m~Î ‡KvbwU? [CU-D : 17-18]
Gossen's First Law bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| Q P P Q
K) Ep  L) Ep 
51. ¯^vfvweK `ª‡eï ‡ejvq [CU-D : 18-19] . P Q Q P
K) `vg e„w× ‡c‡j Pvwn`v n«vm cvq
Q Q P P
L) `vg e„w× ‡c‡j Pvwn`v e„w× n«vm cvq M) Ep   N) Ep 
M) Avq e„w× ‡c‡j Pvwn`v n«vm cvq P P Q Q
N) Avq e„w× ‡c‡j Pvwn`v e„w× cvq DËi: K
DËi: K e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`v I `v‡gi g‡a¨ wecixZgyLx m¤ú‡K©i Kvi‡Y A_©vr
e¨vL¨v: ¯^vfvweK `ª‡eï ‡ejvq `vg e„w× ‡c‡j Pvwn`v n«vm cvq| Pvwn`v wewai e³e¨ Abyhvqx wbgœMvgx Pvwn`v ‡iLvi ‡ÿ‡Î, mgxKiY
Avi `vg n«vm ‡c‡j Pvwn`v e„w× cvq| `vg Ges Pvwn`vi m¤úK©
wecixZ|
Q
‡_‡K cÖvß Xvj = Gi gvb abvZ¥K Ges Ea Gi gvb
52. gvmyg e‡j‡Q, 'wmMv‡iU Gi Dci Kiv‡ivc Ki‡j Gi `vg evo‡eÓ| mvqgv P
hyw³ ‡`wL‡q‡Q ‡h, ÒwmMv‡i‡Ui Dci Kiv‡ivc Kiv DwPZ KviY FYvZ¥K nq|
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎiv Lye ‡ewk a~gcvb K‡i'| [CU-D : 17-18] 58. g‡b Ki, m¨vgmvs ‡gvevBj ‡dvb ‡m‡Ui `vg Kgj| Gi d‡j- [CU-
K) mvqgvi Dw³ n‡”Q bxwZevPK, gvmy‡gi Dw³ BwZevPK D2 : 16-17]
L) mvqgvi Dw³ n‡”Q BwZevPK, 'gvmy‡gi Dw³ bxwZ evPK K) m¨vgmvs ‡m‡Ui Pvwn`v Kg‡e
M) Dfq Dw³ BwZevPK L) m¨vgmvs ‡m‡Ui Pvwn`v evo‡e
N) Dfq Dw³ bxwZevPK M) Ab¨ me ‡dvb ‡m‡Ui Pvwn`v Kg‡e
DËi: M N) ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq
e¨vL¨v: ‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i Drcvw`Z c‡Yï Dci Av‡ivwcZ Ki‡K cY¨ Ki DËi: L
ev AveMvwi ïé e‡j| ‡hgb: Pv, wPwb,ZvgvK, wmMv‡iU, w`qvkjvB, e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`v wewa Abyhvqx ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï `vg evo‡j Pvwn`v K‡g
‡K‡ivwmb, g`, MvuRv BZ¨vw` n‡jv BwZevPK AveMvwi ïé | Ges `vg Kg‡j Pvwn`v ev‡o |
53. ‡Kvb GKwU `v‡g hw` ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY Pvwn`vi cwigvY Gi ‡P‡q 59. GKwU `ª‡eï Pvwn`v I ‡hvMvb mgxKiY wbgœiƒc:[CU-C2:16-17]
‡ewk nq, Z‡e .... m„wó nq, hv `vg‡K fvimvg¨ `v‡g ‡c․u‡Q ‡`q| Qa = 40- 5p Qs = 5 + 4p
[CU-D: 17-18] fvimvg¨ `vg n‡e-
K) DØ…Ë : wb‡Pi w`‡K L) NvUwZ : wb‡Pi w`‡K K) 10 L) 7.5 M) 5 N) 15 O) 17.5

66
DËi: N K) Wvb w`‡K ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡q wbgœMvgx n‡e
e¨vL¨v: ‡Ìqv Av‡Q; L) evg w`‡K ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡e
Qa = 40 – 5p Ges Qs= -5+4p M) AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e
fvimvg¨ Ae¯vq Qa = Qs n‡j, 40-5p=-5+4p N) Wvb w`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx n‡e
⇒ - 5p - 4p O) ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq
=- 5 - 40. p = 5 DËi: K
p Gi gvb ch©vqµ‡g Q Ges Qs emv‡j Dfq cv‡k 15 nq| e¨vL¨v: cwic~iK `ª‡eï ‡ÿ‡Î GKwU `ª‡eï `v‡gi e„w×‡Z Aci
myZivs GwU fvimvg¨ wb‡`©k K‡i| `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi cwigvY n«vm cvq| GRb¨ Pvwn`v ‡iLv evgw`K ‡_‡K
60. wb‡Pi ‡Kvb `ªe¨wUi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi m‡e©v”P? [CU-C2 : 16-17] Wvbw`‡K wbgœMvgx nq |
K) Avjyi ‣Zwi wPcm L) djg~j M) kvK-mewR 65. g‡b Ki, ‡c‡U«v‡ji `vg Ges weµ‡qi cwigvY n«vm ‡cj| Gi KviY-
N) nx‡ii AvswU O) AvmevecÎ [CU-C2 : 16-17]
DËi: N K) ‡hvMvb AcwiewZ©Z wKš‧ Pvwn`v n«vm
e¨vL¨v: ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï `vg cwieZ©‡bi d‡j H `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi cwigvY L) ‡hvMvb AcwiewZ©Z wKš‧ Pvwn`v e„w×
‡h gvÎvq mvov ‡`q ZvB n‡jv Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv| M) ‡hvMvb e„w× wKš‧ Pvwn`v AcwiewZ©Z
e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv = N) ‡hvMvb n«vm wKš‧ Pvwn`v AcwiewZ©Z
Pvwn`vi Av‡cwÿK ev kZKiv cwieZ©b O) ‡hvMvb Ges Pvwn`v DfqB n«vm ‡c‡jv
`v‡gi Av‡cwÿK ev kZKiv cwieZ©b DËi: O
mvaviYZ wejvmRvZ I Avivg`vqK `ªe¨ ‡hgb- Nwo, ‡iwWI, e¨vL¨v: ‡hvMvb wewa Abyhvqx `vg evo‡j ‡hvMvb ev‡o Avi `vg
‡Uwjwfkb, `vwg AvmevecÎ, ‡mvbvi ‣Zwi ‡PBb, nx‡ii AvswU, Gwm Kg‡j ‡hvMvb K‡g| myZivs `vg I ‡hvMv‡bi g‡a¨ m¤úK© mggyLx|
cÖf…wZi ‡ÿ‡Î `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv N‡U| G Kvi‡YB ‡c‡U«v‡ji `vg Ges weµ‡qi cwigvY n«vm cvIqv Kvi‡Y
61. g‡b Ki, GKwU `ª‡eï `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv gvb (-) 2.00| `ªe¨wUi ‡hvMvb Ges Pvwn`v Df‡q n«vm ‡c‡q‡Q|
`vg 20 UvKv ‡_‡K 25 UvKv e„w× ‡c‡j Gi Pvwn`vi cwigvY ‡Kgb 66| `y‡Uv `ª‡eï AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb (-) 0.5| GKwU `ª‡eï `vg
n‡e? [CU-C2 : 16-17] 8% e„w× ‡c‡j Ab¨ `ªe¨wUi Pvwn`v n«vm cv‡e- [CU-C2 : 16-17]
K) 50% e„w× cv‡e L) 50% n«vm cv‡e K) 8% L) 5% M) 4% N) 2% O) 1%
M) 40% n«vm cv‡e N) 10% n«vm cv‡e DËi: M
O) 12.5% e„w× cv‡e e¨vL¨v: `yBwU m¤úK©hy³ `ª‡eï ‡ÿ‡Î GKwUi `v‡gi Av‡cwÿK ev
DËi: N kZKiv cwieZ©‡bi d‡j AciwUi Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi ‡h Av‡cwÿK
e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv = ev kZKiv cwieZ©b N‡U Zvi AbycvZ‡K Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo
Pvwn`vi Av‡cwÿK ev kZKiv cwieZ©b w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j |
`v‡gi Av‡cwÿK ev kZKiv cwieZ©b e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv =
Pvwn`vi cwigvY Pvwn`vi Av‡cwÿK ev kZKiv cwieZ©b
 -2 = 20-25 `v‡gi Av‡cwÿK ev kZKiv cwieZ©b
 Pvwn`vi cwigvY 10% n«vm cv‡e |  -5 =
Pvwn`vi cwigvY
62. ‡KvbwU `ª‡eï `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi wba©viK? [CU-C3:16-17] -8%
K) `ª‡eï cÖK…wZ D my‡ì nvi L) gRywi nvi ev, `ª‡eï Pvwn`v = -4%
M) A_© mieivn N) my‡ì nvi  `ª‡eï Pvwn`v 4% n«vm cv‡e|
O) Avq 67. ‡i․‡cï ‡P‡q wnivi `vg AwaK KviY- [CU-C3 : 16-17]
DËi: K K) nxivi ‡gvU Dc‡hvM ‡i․‡cï ‡gvU Dc‡hv‡Mi ‡P‡q ‡ewk
e¨vL¨v: `ª‡eï cÖK…wZ, weKí `ªe¨, GKvwaK eënv‡ii m¤¢vebv, ¯wMZ L) nxivi Mo Dc‡hvM ‡i․‡cï Mo Dc‡hv‡Mi ‡P‡q ‡ewk
eënvi, ‡µZvi Avq¯Íi, c‡Yï `vg, ‡fvMKvixi Af¨vm, e¨‡qi M) nxivi cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM ‡i․‡cï cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi ‡P‡q ‡ewk
AbycvZ, hy³ Pvwn`v, mg‡qi eëavb cÖf…wZ `ª‡eï `vg N) K I M O) L I M
w¯wZ¯vcKZvi wba©viK| DËi: M
63. GKwU `ª‡eï Avq w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb 0.75| GK eQ‡ii eëav‡b e¨vL¨v: ‡i․‡cï ‡P‡q nxivi `vg AZ¨vwaK ‡ewk nIqvi Kvi‡Y
‡fv³v‡ì Avq 10% n«vm ‡cj| Gi d‡j `ªe¨wUi evRvi Pvwn`v- nxivi cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Lye ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB ‡i․‡cï cÖvwšÍK
[CU-C3 : 16-17] Dc‡hv‡Mi ‡P‡q ‡ewk|
K) 10% n«vm cv‡e L) AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e 68. c‡Yï Pvwn`v Amxg w¯’wZ¯’vcK n‡j Gi Pvwn`v ‡iLv- [CU-C3 :
M) 7.5% e„w× cv‡e N) 10% e„w× cv‡e 16-17]
O) 7.5% e„w× cv‡e K) evg ‡_‡K Wv‡b wbgœMvgx nq L) f~wg A‡ÿi Dci Dj¤^ nq
DËi: M M) AvqZvKvi cive„Ë nq N) evg ‡_‡K Wv‡b EaŸ©Mvgx nq
e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv = O) f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq
Pvwn`vi Av‡cwÿK ev kZKiv cwieZ©b DËi: N
`v‡gi Av‡cwÿK ev kZKiv cwieZ©b e¨vL¨v: hw` Ggb nq eZ©gvb `v‡g cY¨wU ‡h cwigvY cvIqv hvq
Pvwn`vi cwigvY ‡µZviv meUvB µq K‡i, wKš‧ `vg ‡ewk n‡j ‡µZviv ‡gv‡UB
 -75 = -10% wKb‡e bv, ZLb Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv n‡e Amxg| Giƒc ‡ÿ‡Î
 Pvwn`vi cwigvY 7.50% n«vm cv‡e| Pvwn`v ‡iLv GKwU mij ‡iLvq cwiYZ nq Ges Zv f~wgZj ‡iLvi
64. aiv hvK X- Gi `vg Kg‡jv| Y `ªe¨ Gi X- cwic~iK| Y- Gi mgvšÍivj nq|
Pvwn`v ‡iLv- [CU-C2 : 16-17]
67
69| `vg e„w×i d‡j Pvwn`vi cwigvY e„w× ‡c‡j `ªe¨wU‡K ejv nq- DËi: O
[CU-C2 : 16-17] 76. mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v ‡iLvq wb‡Pi ‡Kvb PjKwU w¯’i _v‡K bv? [CU-C2:
K) wbK…ó `ªe¨ L) DrK…ó `ªe¨ M) ¯^vfvweK `ªe¨ 16-17]
K) `vg¯Íi L) cÖK…Z Avq M) ivR¯^ bxwZ
N) A¯^vfvweK `ªe¨ O) wM‡db `ªe¨
N) Avw_©K bxwZ O) g~j¨ùxwZi cÖZ¨vkv
DËi: O
e¨vL¨v: wM‡db `ª‡eï ‡ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v wewawUi e¨wZµg ‡`Lv hvq| DËi: L
G‡ÿ‡Î `ª‡eï `vg e„w× ‡c‡j Pvwn`vi cwigvY e„w× cvq| g~jZ 77. hLb Pvwn`v e„w× cvq Ges ‡hvMvb n«vm cvq ZLb- [CU-D3 :
wbgœgv‡bi `ª‡eï ‡ÿ‡Î GwU N‡U| Giƒc ‡ÿ‡Î `vg I Pvwn`vi 15-16]
K) fvimvg¨ cwigvY e„w× cvq wKš‧ fvimvg¨ `v‡gi Dci cÖfve
cwigv‡Yi g‡a¨ mggyLx m¤úK© weivR K‡i|
ARvbv
70. GKwU wbgœMvgx mij‣iwLK Pvwn`v ‡iLvi wewfbœ we›`y‡Z
L) fvimvg¨ cwigvY n«vm cvq wKš‧ fvimvg¨ `v‡gi Dci cÖfve
w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi gvb- [CU-C2 : 16-17]
K) GK L) k~b¨ M) Amxg ARvbv
N) mgvb bq O) w¯i M) fvimvg¨ `vg n«vm cvq wKš‧ fvimvg¨ cwigv‡Yi Dci cÖfve ARvbv
N) fvimvg¨ `vg e„w× cvq wKš‧ fvimvg¨ cwigv‡Yi Dci cÖfve ARvbv
DËi: N
71. Pvwn`v w¯’i ‡_‡K ‡hvMvb e„w× ‡c‡j ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï- [CU-C2 : O) fvimvg¨ `vg Ges cwigvY Df‡qi Dci cÖfve ARvbv
16-17] DËi: N
K) fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY Dfq e„w× cv‡e 78. aiv hvK, ‡gvUi Mvwoi `vg I weµ‡qi cwigvY DfqB e„w× ‡c‡q‡Q|
L) fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY Dfq n«vm cvq Gi m¤¢ve¨ KviY- [CU-C2 : 15-16]
M) fvimvg¨ `vg n«vm cv‡e wKš‧ fvimvg¨ cwigvY e„w× cv‡e K) ‡hvMvb w¯i I Pvwn`v n«vm L) ‡hvMvb e„w× I Pvwn`v w¯i
N)fvimvg¨ `vg e„w× cv‡e Z‡e fvimvg¨ cwigvY n«vm cv‡e M) ‡hvMvb n«vm I Pvwn`v n«vm N) ‡hvMvb w¯i I Pvwn`v e„w×
O) ‡Kv‡bvwUB mwVK bq O) ‡hvMvb n«vm I Pvwn`v w¯i
DËi: M DËi: L
e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`v w¯i ‡_‡K AbyK~j cÖfv‡ei Kvi‡Y ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY e¨vL¨v: cÖmvabx mvgMÖxi `vg e„w× ‡c‡jI Pvwn`v e„w× cvq| Drcv`b
Av‡Mi g‡ZvB _v‡K |
e„w× ‡c‡j ‡hvMvb ‡iLv Wvbw`‡K ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡e, fvimvg¨ `vg n«vm
79. wbK…ó `ª‡eï ‡ÿ‡Î Avq Kg‡j- [CU-C2 : K]
cv‡e Ges weµ‡qi cwigvY e„w× cv‡e| K) Pvwn`v K‡g L) ‡hvMvb K‡g© M) Pvwn`v ev‡o
72| cÖvwšÍK ‡fvM cÖeYZv 1 Gi Kg nIqvq ¸Y‡Ki gvb- [CU-C2 : N) ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq O) Pvwn`v w¯i _v‡K
16-17]
DËi: M
K) 1 Gi Kg nq L) 1 Gi ‡ewk nq
e¨vL¨v: ‡h mg¯Í `ª‡eï ‡ÿ‡Î abvZ¥K cwieZ©K cÖfve, FYvZ¥K Avq
M) wba©viY Kiv hvq bv N) Amxg nq|
cÖfv‡ei ‡P‡q AwaK kw³kvjx nIqvq `vg cÖfve abvZ¥K nq|
DËi: L
80. X - `ª‡eï `vg n«vm ‡c‡j cwic~iK `ªe¨ Y-Gi Pvwn`v ‡iLv- [CU-
73. b~¨bZg gRywii cwigvY evov‡bv n‡jv [CU-C2 : 16-17]
C2 : 15-16]
K) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`vi cwigvY n«vm cv‡e
K) Wvbw`‡K ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡q wbgœMvgx n‡e
L) kÖ‡gi ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY n«vm cv‡e
L) evgw`‡K ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡e
M) ‡eKviZ¡ e„w× cv‡e N) K I M
M) AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e
O) ‡eKviZ¡ n«vm cv‡e
N) Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx n‡e
DËi: N
O) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
evL¨v: b~b¨Zg gRywii cwigvY evov‡bvi Kvi‡Y kÖ‡gi Pvwn`vi
DËi: K
cwigvY n«vm cv‡e, d‡j ‡eKviZ¡ e„w× cv‡e |
e¨vL¨v: cwic~iK `ª‡eï D`vniY n‡”Q Pv I wPwb, KvMR I Kjg
74. Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv cwigv‡ci m~Î n‡jv : [CU-C2 : 16-17] Kjg I Kvwj BZ¨vw` |
Q P inQ Q Q 81. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa Abyhvqx- [CU-C2 : 15-16]
K) L) M)
P Q inP P P K) ‡gvU Dc‡hvM w¯i nv‡i ev‡o
L) ‡gvU Dc‡hvM µgea©gvb nv‡i ev‡o
P P M) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM e„w× cvq
N) O) A I B
Q Q N) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM µgk n«vm cvq
O) †gvU Dc‡hvM n«vm cvq
DËi: K
e¨vL¨v: DËi: N
Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv : e¨vL¨v: ‡fv³v mvaviYZ ‡fv‡Mi cwigvY e„w×i d‡j ‡gvU Dc‡hvM
Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv = µgk e„w× cvq wKš‧ cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM n«vm cvq|
Pvwn`vi Av‡cwÿK ev kZKiv cwieZ©b 82. 4 UvKv `v‡g GKwU `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi cwigvY 5 GKK| `vg e„w× ‡c‡q
`v‡gi Av‡cwÿK ev kZKiv cwieZ©b 5 UvKv n‡j `ªe¨wUi Pvwn`vi cwigvY nq 3 GKK| `ªe¨wUi Pvwn`vi
`vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi cwigvY n‡e- [CU-C2 : 15-16]
Q P Q P Q P K) 2.6 L) 1.9 M) 1.8 N) 1.6 O) 1.2
 Ed      
Q P Q P P Q
75. A‡_©i Pvwn`v wb‡Pi ‡Kvb Dcv`vb Øviv cÖfvweZ nq? [CU-C2 :
16-17
K) my‡ì nvi L) Avq M) wewb‡qvM
N) †eKviZ¡ O) A I B
68
83. Pvwn`vi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi m~Î wbgœiƒc: [CU-C2 : 15-16] O) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
Q Q Q P Q P DËi: O
K) L) M) . e¨vL¨v: AC ‡iLv me©`v MR ‡iLvi wb‡P Ae¯vb K‡i| AC Gi
P P P Q P Q U AvK…wZi nq |
Q P P P 91. DcKiY `vg e„w× ‡c‡j ‡hvMvb ‡iLv- [CU-C2 : 15-16]
N)  O) . K) Dc‡i ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡e L) bx‡P ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡e
P Q Q Q M) w¯i _vK‡e N) Wv‡b ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡e
DËi: M O) ‡KvbwUB mZ¨ bq
e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi kZvswkK cwieZ©b‡K `v‡gi kZvswkK DËi: K
cwieZ©b Øviv fvM K‡i Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbY©q Kiv hvq| e¨vLv: ‡hvMvb ‡iLv mvaviYZ Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx nq| ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï
84. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU A‡_©i Pvwn`v wba©viK bq? [CU-C2 : 15-16] `vg evo‡j Drcv`K Zvi DcKiY D³ `ªe¨ Drcv`‡b wb‡qvwRZ
K) Avq L) my‡ì nvi M) mÂq N) wewb‡qvM O) M I N K‡i| `vg I ‡hvMv‡bi cwigv‡Yi g‡a¨ Giƒc cÖZ¨ÿ m¤ú‡K© Kvi‡Y
DËi: N ‡hvMvb ‡iLv Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx nq|
e¨vL¨v: my‡ì nvi ‡gvU cwigv‡Yi kZvsk wn‡m‡e cÖKvk Kiv nq| 92. g‡b Ki, ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv (-) 2.00| hw` `ªe¨wUi `vg
my‡ì nvi mvaviYZ evwl©K wfwË‡Z D‡jøL Kiv nq| cÖwZ GK‡K 20 UvKv ‡_‡K ‡e‡o 25 UvKv nq, Z‡e `ªe¨wUi
85. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU ‡hvMv‡bi wba©viK? [CU-C2 : 15-16] Pvwn`v- [CU-C2 : 15-16]
K) Avq L) cÖhyw³ M) L I M N) K I N K) 50% Kg‡e L) 10% Kg‡e M) 50% evo‡e
DËi: N N) 12.5% evo‡e O) 40% Kg‡e
e¨vL¨v: ‡hvMv‡bi wba©viKmg~n-`ª‡eï wbR¯^ `vg, `ª‡eï Pvwn`v, DËi: N
DcKiY `vg,mgq,AvenvIqvi cÖfve,weKí `ª‡eï `v‡gi cwieZ©b| 93. ‡Kvb `ª‡eï Pvwn`v I ‡hvMvb A‡cÿK h_vµ‡g Qa = 50 - 5p Ges
86. GKwU `ª‡eï Avq w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv 1.5 Gi mgvb| ‡fv³v‡ì Avq GK Q - 10 + 3p n‡j fvimvg¨ `vg n‡jv- [CU-C2 : 15-16]
eQ‡ii eëav‡b 7% evov‡jv| Gi d‡j D³ `ª‡eï evRvi Pvwn`v - K) 10 L) 7.5 M) 12.5 N) 15 O) 17.5
[CU-C2 : 15-16] DËi: L
K) 10.5% n«vm cv‡e L) AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e e¨vL¨v: `vg w¯i ‡_‡K Pvwn`v‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i Ggb me Dcv`vb ‡hgb
M) 10.5%e„w× cv‡e N) 4.67% n«vm cv‡e ‡fv³vi Avq, iæwP, Af¨vm BZ¨vw` n«vm ‡c‡j Pvwn`v n«vm cvq ‡hvMvb
O) 4.67% e„w× cv‡e w¯i ‡_‡K Pvwn`vi cwigvY n«vm ‡c‡j, Pvwn`v ‡iLv evgw`‡K ‡b‡g
DËi: L Av‡m, fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY Df‡qB n«vm cvq |
e¨vL¨v: 94. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU Pvwn`vi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi wba©viK bq? [CU-C2 :
Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv = 15-16]
Pvwn`vi Av‡cwÿK ev kZKiv cwieZ©b K) `ª‡eï cÖK…wZ
`v‡gi Av‡cwÿK ev kZKiv cwieZ©b L) weKí `ª‡eï msL¨v fwel¨Z `vg
1.5 = Pvwn`vi cwigvY 7.5% = 10.5% M) my‡ì nvi N) fwel¨r `vg
87. Avq e„w×i d‡j ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi cwigvY e„w× ‡c‡j `ªe¨wU‡K O) M I O
ejv nq- [CU-C2 : 15-16] DËi: O
K) ¯^vfvweK `ªe¨ L) wbK…ó `ªe¨ M) wM‡db `ªe¨ e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZvi wba©viYmg~n `ª‡eï `vg, ‡µZvi
N) Avq wbi‡cÿ `ªe¨ M) wejvm `ªe¨ Avq, ‡fv³vi iæwP I Af¨vm, FZyi cwieZ©b, RbmsL¨vi cwieZ©b
DËi: K BZ¨vw` |
e¨vL¨v: ‡h mg¯Í `ª‡eï `vg e„w× ‡c‡j Zvi Pvwn`v n«vm cvq Ges 95. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU Pvwn`vi wba©viK? [CU-C2 : 15-16]
`vg n«vm ‡c‡j Pvwn`v e„w× cvq ‡m¸‡jv ¯^vfvweK `ªe¨ K) AvenvIqv L) DcKiY `vg M) evRv‡ii AvqZb
88. ¯^‡Y©i `vg ‡i․‡cï ‡P‡q ‡ewk KviY- [CU-C2 : 15-16] N) cÖhyw³ O) L I M
K) ¯^‡Y©i ‡gvU Dc‡hvM ‡i․‡cï ‡gvU Dc‡hv‡Mi ‡P‡q ‡ewk DËi: O
L) ¯^‡Y©i Mo Dc‡hvM ‡i․‡cï ‡gvU Dc‡hv‡Mi ‡P‡q ‡ewk e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`vi wba©viKmg~n, `ª‡eï wbR¯^ `vg, mgq, Avq
M) ¯^‡Y©i cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM ‡i․‡cï cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi ‡P‡q m¤úwK©Z `ª‡eï `vg, evRvi ‡µZvi msL¨v, iæwP BZ¨vw`|
N) A I C O) B I C 96. aiv hvK, eªvwR‡j Kwdi ev¤úvi djb n‡jv| Gi d‡j wek¦evRv‡i-
DËi: M [CU-C2 : 15-16]
e¨vL¨v: ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï AwZwi³ GK GKK ‡fvM KivB n‡jv cÖvwšÍK K) Pv-Gi `vg evo‡e L) Pv-Gi `vg Kg‡e
Dc‡hvM| M) Pv-Gi weµq evo‡e N) Kwdi `vg evo‡e
89. `ywU `ª‡eï AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv n‡jv 0.75| GKwU `ª‡eï `vg O) K I N
1 n«vm ‡c‡j Ab¨wUi Pvwn`v KZ n«vm cv‡e? [CU-C2 : 15-16] e¨vL¨v: Kwd Drcv`‡b eªvwRj we‡k¦ cÖ_g| Pv‡qi `vg Kgvi KviY
K) 17.5% L) 9.0% M) 0.98% N) 9.25% n‡jv cwic~iK `ª‡eï eënvi ‡ewk|
Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv = 97. Pvwn`v w¯’i ‡_‡K ‡hvMvb n«vm ‡c‡j ‡Kvb `ª‡eï [CU-C2 : 15-16]
Pvwn`vi Av‡cwÿK ev kZKiv cwieZ©b K) `vg n«vm cv‡e I weµ‡qi cwigvY e„w× cv‡e
`v‡gi Av‡cwÿK ev kZKiv cwieZ©b L) `vg n«vm cv‡e I weµ‡qi cwigvY n«vm cv‡e
1.5 = Pvwn`vi cwigvY/-10% =- 7.5% M) `vg e„w× cv‡e I weµ‡qi cwigvY e„w× cv‡e
Pvwn`vi cwigvY = 7.5% n«vm ‡cj | N) `vg e„w× cv‡e I weµ‡qi cwigvY n«vm cv‡e
90. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU mZ¨? [CU-C2 : 15-16] O) ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq
K) AR ‡iLv U AvK…wZi L) MR ‡iLv U AvK…wZi DËi: N
M) MR ‡iLv EaŸ©Mvgx N) AC ‡iLv U AvK…wZi
69
e¨vL¨v: `vg w¯i ‡_‡K Pvwn`v‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i Ggb me Dcv`vb ‡hgb 02. KvM‡Ri `vg evo‡jI Kj‡gi Pvwn`v K‡g †Mj| `ªe¨ `yBwUi g‡a¨
‡fv³vi Avq, iæwP, Af¨vm BZ¨vw` n«vm ‡c‡j Pvwn`v n«vm cvq| ‡hvMvb m¤úK© †Kgb? [MBSTU: 16.17]
w¯i ‡_‡K Pvwn`vi cwigvY n«vm ‡c‡j, Pvwn`v ‡iLv evgw`‡K ‡b‡g K) m¤ú~iK L) cwieZ©K
Av‡m, fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY DfqB n«vm cvq | M) cwic~iK N) DcKiY- Drcv`b
98. wb‡Pi ‡Kvb Dcv`vbwU ‡Kvb `ª‡eï w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv ‡ewk nIqvi c‡ÿ DËi: M
KvR K‡i? [CU-C2 : 15-16] e¨vL¨v: cwic~iK `ªe¨: GKwU `ª‡eï `v‡gi e„w×‡Z Aci `ª‡eï
K) `ªe¨wU ‡fv³vi ev‡R‡Ui GKwU eo Ask Ry‡o _vK‡j Pvwn`vi cwigvY n«vm †c‡j `ªe¨ cwic~iK `ªe¨ nq| cwic~iK `ª‡eï
L) `ªe¨wUi A‡bK cÖwZ¯vcK `ªe¨ _vK‡j `vg I Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi g‡a¨ wecixZgyLx m¤úK© we`¨gvb|
M) `ªe¨wUi A‡bK eënvi ‡ÿÎ _vK‡j cwic~iK `ª‡eï AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZvi gvb FYvZ¥K nq|
N) A, B I C ‡KvbwUB mwVK bq *weKí/cwieZ©K `ªe¨: GKwU `ª‡eï `v‡gi e„w×‡Z Aci `ª‡eï
O) A, B I C me¸‡jvB mwVK Pvwn`vi cwigvY e„w× cvq|
DËi: L * wM‡db `ªe¨: wM‡db `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î †Kvb `ª‡eï `v‡gi e„w×‡Z
99. ‡fv³vi Avq evo‡j- [CU-C2 : 15-16] Pvwn`vi cwigvY e„w× Ges `v‡gi n«v‡m Pvwn`vi cwigvY n«vm cvq|
K) Pvwn`v ‡iLv Wvbw`‡K ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq Giƒc `ª‡e¨ `vg I Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi g‡a¨ mggyLx m¤úK© we`¨gvb|
L) Pvwn`v ‡iLv AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K wM‡db `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLv g~jwe›`y †_‡K DaŸ©Mvgx nq|
M) Pvwn`v ‡iLv evgw`‡K ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq 03| †Kvb `ª‡eï g~j¨ †e‡o †M‡j H `ª‡eï cwieZ©K `ª‡eï Pvwn`v-
N) ‡hvMvb ‡iLv Wvbw`‡K ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq [CoU: 2017-18]
O) ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq K) k~b¨ n‡e L) K‡g hv‡e M) GKB _vK‡e N) †e‡o hv‡e
DËi: K DËi: N
e¨vL¨v: ‡fv³vi Avq evo‡j e¨q ‡e‡o hvq, e¨q ‡e‡o hvIqvq e¨vL¨v: CoU Gi (10) bs cÖ‡kœi e¨vL¨v
Pvwn`v ‡iLv Wvb w`‡K ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq| 04| Pv‡ji `vg †KwR 35 UvKv n‡Z 50 UvKv Pvwn`v n«vm †c‡q 10 †KwR
100. k~b¨ `vg-w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv m¤úbœ GKwU `ª‡eï Pvwn`v ‡iLv- [CU-C2 n‡Z 7 †KwR nq| G‡ÿ‡Î Pv‡ji `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv KZ? [CoU:
: 16-17] 2017-18]
K) f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj L) wbgœMvgx M) DaŸ©Mvgx K) 0.3 L) 0.7 M) 0.5 N) 1.5
N) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj O) ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq DËi: L
DËi: N e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`vi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv =
e¨vL¨v: k~b¨-`vgw¯wZ¯vcKZv m¤úbœ GKwU `ª‡eï Pvwn`v ‡iLv j¤^
A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq| ‡Kbbv, `v‡gi n«vm-e„w× hvB NUyK bv ‡Kb
Pvwn`vi Dci ‡Kv‡bv cÖwZwµqv m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
101. wb‡Pi ‡Kvb `ªe¨wUi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv me‡P‡q Kg? [CU-C2 :
15-16]
K) wPwb L) †gvUiMvwo M) ¯^Y©
N) RxebiÿvKvix Jla O) AvmevecÎ
DËi: N 05. cwieZ©K `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î GKwU `ª‡eï- [CoU: 2016-17]
e¨vL¨v: `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv, ‡gvU e¨q c×wZ, AvbycvwZK c×wZ, K) `vg n«vm †c‡j Ab¨wUi Pvwn`v e„w× cvq
we›`y w¯wZ¯vcKZv c×wZ, e„ËPvc w¯wZ¯vcKZv c×wZ, ‡gvU Avq L) `vg e„w× †c‡j Ab¨wUi Pvwn`v n«vm cvq
c×wZi gva¨‡g cwigvc Kiv hvq| M) `vg e„w× †c‡j Ab¨wUi Pvwn`v e„w× cvq
Kzwgjøv wek¦we`¨vjq N) `vg e„w× †c‡j Ab¨wUi Pvwn`v w¯i _v‡K
DËi: M
1. cwieZ©K `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ Kxiƒc? [CoU: 2019-20] e¨vL¨v: CoU Gi (10) bs cÖ‡kœi e¨vL¨v
K) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx L) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx 06| †Kvb `ª‡eï AwZwi³ GK GKK †fv‡Mi gva¨‡g †h AwZwi³ Dc‡hvM
M) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj ms‡hvwRZ nq, Zv‡K wK e‡j? [CoU: 2016-17, Abyiƒc-
DËi: L MBSTU: 17-18,16-17,SHU: 18-19]
e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`v †iLv: Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v w¯i †_‡K, †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï wewfbœ K) m¤ú` L) Dc‡hvM M) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM N) Afve
`v‡g, †fv³vi Pvwn`vi wewfbœ cwigvY‡K †h †iLvi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv DËi: M
nq Zv‡K Pvwn`v †iLv e‡j| e¨vL¨v: cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM: †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï me©‡kl ev AwZwi³ GK GKK
cwieZ©K `ª‡eï †hgb: Kwd I Pv) Pvwn`v `ª‡eï `v‡gi Dci †fvM K‡i †h Dc‡hvM cvIqv hvq Zv‡K cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM e‡j|
wbf©ikxj| Giƒc `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLv Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx nq| * cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi mgwó‡K †gvU Dc‡hvM ejv nq|
†hgb- Kwdi `vg evo‡j Pv‡qi Pvwn`v ev‡o| * hLb †gvU Dc‡hvM n«vm cvq ZLb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM FYvZ¥K nq|
* cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †iLvi AvK…wZ wb¤œMvgx|
* cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
‡gvU Dc‡hv‡Mi cwieZ©b (TV)
(MU)=
`ªe¨ †fv‡Mi cwieZ©b( Q)
* µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa Abyhvqx †gvU Dc‡hvM e„w×
†c‡j, cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM µgk n«vm cvq|

Avevi, cwic~iK `ª‡e¨i †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLv Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx nq|

70
07| †fv³vi D×…Ë n‡”Q- [CoU: 2015-16] M) AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
K) `vg Ges c‡Yï cwigvY L) cÖZ¨vwkZ `vg- cÖK…Z `vg DËi: M
M) Pvwn`vi cwigvY  evRvi `vg N) †KvbwUB bq e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv: `v‡gi Av‡cwÿK ev kZvswkK (%)
DËi: L cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`vi †h Av‡cwÿK ev kZvswkK (%) cwieZ©b
e¨vL¨v: GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q †Kvb †fv³v †Kvb `ªe¨ µ‡qi Rb¨ †h N‡U Zv‡K Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j|
`vg w`‡Z B”QzK _v‡K Ges cÖK…Z c‡ÿ †h `vg †`q, G `yB‡qi Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv‡K cÖavbZ wZbfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq-
cv_©K¨‡K †fv³vi D×…Ë ejv nq| (i) Pvwn`vi `vg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv ( E p ) : `ª‡eï `v‡gi kZvswkK
A_©vr, †fv³vi D×…Ë= cÖZ¨vwkZ `vg- cÖK…Z `vg
cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Zvi Pvwn`vi †m kZvswkK cwieZ©b nq, GB
`yB‡qi AbycvZB Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j|
(ii) Pvwn`vi Avq w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv ( E y ) : ‡µZvi Av‡qi kZKiv
cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`vi kZKiv cwieZ©b N‡U, GB `yB‡qi
AbycvZ‡K Pvwn`vi Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j|
(iii) Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv ( E c ) : `ywU m¤úK©hy³
(cwieZ©b ev cwic~iK) `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î GKwUi `v‡gi kZKiv
cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Ab¨wUi Pvwn`vi †h kZKiv cwieZ©b N‡U, G
`yB‡qi AbycvZ‡K Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv ev Pvwn`vi
cvi¯úwiK w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j|
GLv‡b, wP‡Îi VPD AskwU n‡”Q †fv³vi DØ„Ë|
08| cwieZ©K I cwic~iK `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î GKwU `ª‡eï `vg cwieZ©‡bi d‡j kvnRvjvj weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq
Aci `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi cwieZ©‡bi gvÎv‡K wK e‡j? [CoU: 2015-16] 01. †gvevBj †dvb †mU I †gvevBj wmg KvW© n‡jv- [SUST: 2018-19]
K) Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv L) Pvwn`vi Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv K) wbK…ó `ªe¨ L) cwic~iK `ªe¨ M) cwieZ©K `ªe¨
M) Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv N) Pvwn`vi e„ËPvc w¯wZ¯vcKZv N) ¯^vfvweK `ªe¨ O) wbi‡cÿ `ªe¨
DËi: M DËi: L
e¨vL¨v: m¤úK©hy³ `ª‡eï ‡ÿ‡Î, Ab¨vb¨ welq w¯i †_‡K †Kv‡bv e¨vL¨v: `ywU `ª‡eï GKwU †fvM evo‡j AciwUi †fvM e„w×i n‡j
GKwU `ª‡eï `v‡gi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©‡bi d‡j m¤úwK©Z Ab¨ `ª‡eï Zv‡K cwic~iK `ªe¨ ejv nq|
Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi †h Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©b N‡U, Zvi gvÎv‡K Pvwn`vi  †gvevBj †dvb - wmgKvW©), (Pv-wPwb) BZ¨vw` cwic~iK `ªe¨|
AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j|  †h `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î GKwUi `vg evo‡j AciwUi Pvwn`vi cwigvY n«vm
Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv, cvq Zv‡K cwic~iK `ªe¨ e‡j|
X `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©b
Ec   cwic~iK `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLv Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx nq|
Y `ª‡eï `v‡gi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©b
 cwieZ©K `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLv evg †_‡K Wv‡b DaŸ©Mvgx nq|
* cwieZ©K `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv abvZ¥K
02| Avq cÖfve, cwieZ©K cÖfve Ges µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa¸‡jvi
(Positive)| g‡a¨ †Kvb welqwU me©‡ÿ‡Î we`¨gvb? [SUST: 2019-20]
* cwic~iK `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î I gvb FYvZ¥K (Nagative)| K) †hvMvb †iLv †Kb DaŸ©Mvgx nq Zv e¨vL¨v K‡i
* m¤úK©nxb `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î k~b¨ (zero) n‡e| L) ev¯ÍweK A‡_© cwigvc‡hvM¨
09| cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM k~b¨ nq hLb †gvU Dc‡hvM- [CoU: 2014-15, M) †fv³vi Dc‡hvM m‡ev©”PKiY wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i
Abyiƒc-MBSTU: 17-18,JUST: 18-19] N) evRvi m¤ú‡K© †fv³v‡K aviYv †`q
K) k~b¨ nq L) k~‡bï †ekx nq M) me©wb¤œ nq N) m‡ev©”P nq DËi: N
DËi: N e¨vL¨v: * ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz Z_¨:
e¨vL¨v: CoU Gi (24) bs cÖ‡kœi e¨vL¨v|  Pvwn`v †iLv Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgxi cÖavb KviY n‡jv- Pvwn`v wewa|
10| `vg I Pvwn`vi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©b mgvb n‡j Zv‡K e‡j- [CoU:  Avq cÖfve,cwieZ©K `ªe¨ Ges µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK wewai g‡a¨ †h
2014-15]
welqwU me©‡ÿ‡Î we`¨gvb- evRvi m¤ú‡K© †fv³vi aviYv †`q|
K) Amxg w¯wZ¯vcKZv L) k~b¨ w¯wZ¯vcKZv
M) GKK w¯wZ¯vcKZv N) Amxg w¯wZ¯vcKZv  hw` `ywU `ª‡eï g‡a¨ GKwUi cwie‡Z© Ab¨wUi †fvM Kiv hvq Ges
DËi: M mgvb Dc‡hvM cvIqv hvq Zv‡K e‡j cwieZ©K `ªe¨|
e¨vL¨v: *k~b¨ w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv: `v‡gi cwieZ©b Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi  cwieZ©K `ª‡e¨ Pvwn`v †iLv evg †_‡K Wv‡b †hgb nq- DaŸ©Mvgx|
†Kv‡bviƒc cwieZ©b nq bv| AZ¨vek¨Kxq `ª‡eï (Jla I jeY)  µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa aviYv me©cÖ_g †`b- †Mv‡mb|
Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv k~‡bï mgvb|
* GKK w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv: `vg I Pvwn`vi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©b mgvb n‡j| 03. GKRb †fv³vi Avq †e‡o †M‡j †Kvb c‡Yï cÖwZ Zvi Pvwn`v †iLv-[
* Amxg w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv: `v‡gi mvgvb¨ cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`vi SUST: 2018-19]
cwigv‡Yi e¨vcK cwieZ©b N‡U| K) Wvbw`‡K ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq
L) g~jwe›`yMvgx nq
‡kL nvwmbv wek¦we`¨vjq M) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx nq
01. `ywU m¤úK©hy³ `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î GKwUi `v‡gi kZKiv cwieZ©‡bi d‡j N) c‡Yï cÖK…wZ †f‡` Wv‡b ev ev‡g ¯vbvšÍi n‡Z cv‡i
AciwUi Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi †h kZKiv cwieZ©b N‡U Zvi AbycvZ‡K O) Avbyf‚wgK A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq
e‡j- [SHU: 2018-19] DËi: K
K) `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv L) Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv
71
e¨vL¨v: wewfbœ `v‡g †µZv GKwU `ªe¨ †h cwigvY µq K‡i Zv †h M) E 2 ‡_‡K E 4 N) E 3 ‡_‡K E 4
†iLvwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡bv nq †mwU‡K Pvwn`v †iLv e‡j| Av‡qi DËi: N
mv‡_ Pvwn`vi mggyLx m¤úK© we`¨gvb| Pvwn`v †iLv‡K †fv³vi Avq e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`v A‡cÿ‡K we‡eP¨ wewfbœ wel‡qi g‡a¨ Av‡jvP¨ `ª‡eï
e„w× †c‡j Pvwn`v †iLv Wvbw`‡K ¯vbvšÍi nq| `vg w¯i †_‡K Ab¨ †h‡Kv‡bv wel‡qi †hgb: †µZvi Avq, iæwP,
mgq....) cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`vi Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi †h cwieZ©b
nq Zv‡K Pvwn`vi n«vm- e„w×/Pvwn`v †iLvi ¯vbvšÍi e‡j| Pvwn`vi
n«vm- e„w× Øviv Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi cwieZ©b †evSv‡bv nq|

04. †Kvb c‡Yï †fvM µgvš^‡q evovi d‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM evo‡Q, Giƒc 08. gvg cvwbi Pvwn`v DD ‡_‡K D' D' ‡h‡Z cv‡i hw`- [SUST:
Ae¯’vq cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM- [SUST: 2018-19] 2014-15]
K) Kg‡Z n‡e L) AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e K) gvg cvwbi GKwU bZzb weÁvcb m¤úªPvi nq
M) FYvZ¥K n‡e N) evo‡Z _vK‡e L) cÖvY wWªswKs IqvUv‡ii Kg©xiv ag©N‡U hvq
DËi: K M) evsjv‡`k miKvi me wgbv‡ij cvwbi Dci bZzb Ki Av‡ivc K‡i
05. `ªe¨¸‡jvi me©wb¤œ †_K m‡ev©”P Pvwn`vi Avq w¯’wZ¯’vcKZvi µgvbymv‡i N) gvg cvwbi `vg K‡g hvq
mvRv‡j †KvbwU mwVK nq? [SUST: 2017-18] DËi: K
K) cvDiæwU, Pvj, †ccwm, Kw¤úDUvi, U‡qvUv Kvi e¨vL¨v: weÁvcb †Ìqv n‡j `vg AcwiewZ©Z †_‡K Pvwn`v ev‡o|
L) Pvj, cvDiæwU, †ccwm, U‡qvUv Kvi, Kw¤úDUvi Avevi cwieZ©K `ªe¨ (cÖvY wWªswKs IqvUvi) Gi Kg©x‡ì ag©N‡U
M) †ccwm, cvDiæwU,Kw¤úDUvi, U‡qvUv Kvi, Pvj cÖvYIqvUvi Gi Drcv`b K‡g hvq d‡j gvg cvwbi Pvwn`v ev‡o|
N) U‡qvUv Kvi, Kw¤úDUvi, †ccwm, Pvj, cvDiæwU Z‡e weÁvcbB †kÖq|
O) Kw¤úDUvi, †ccwm, U‡qvwU Kvi, cvDiæwU, Pvj 09. fvimvg¨ we›`y¸‡jv n‡”Q- [SUST: 2014-15]
DËi: K K) E 1 I E 2 L) E 3 I E 4 M) E1 , E 2 I E 3
e¨vL¨v: †µZv ev †fvMKvixi Av‡qi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`vi †h Av‡cwÿK N) E1 , E 2 I E 4 O) E1 , E 2 , E 3 I E 4
cwieZ©b N‡U Zvi AbycvZ‡K Pvwn`vi Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv e‡j| †m Abyhvqx
DËi: O
cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨¸‡jv mvRv‡j Ackb (A) hyw³hy³ nq|
e¨vL¨v: GLv‡b PviwU we›`y‡Z gv‡gi `vg I Pvwn`v w¯wZkxj|
06. cv‡ki wP‡Î †Kvb †iLv Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK †hvMvb †iLv wb‡`©k K‡i?
* evRvi fvimv‡gï kZ© n‡jv- Pvwn`v I †hvMvb wbw`©ó we›`y‡Z †Q`
[SUST: 2016-17]
Ki‡e|
10. gvg cvwbi †hvMvb SS †_‡K S' S' ‡Z †h‡Z cv‡i hw`- [SUST:
2014-15]
K) gvg cvwbi GKwU bZzb weÁvcb m¤úªPvi nq
L) cÖvY wWªswKs IqvUv‡ii Kg©xiv ag©N‡U hvq
M) evsjv‡`‡k miKvi me wgbv‡ij cvwbi Dci bZzb Ki Av‡ivc K‡i
N) gvg cvwbi `vg K‡g hvq
K) S1 L) S 2 M) S 3 N) S 4 O) S 5 DËi: M
DËi: K e¨vL¨v: SS †iLv ev‡g SS hvIqv gv‡b †hvMvb K‡g hvIqv| bZzb
e¨vL¨v: Dc‡ii wP‡Î, †hvMvb †iLvi ÔXvjÕ †`Lvq †hvMvb †iLv w¯wZ weÁvb w`‡j Pvwn`v ev‡o| cÖvY wWªswKs IqvUv‡ii Kg©xiv ag© N‡U
¯vcK wKsev Aw¯wZ¯vcK| hw` †hvMvb †iLv ÔDj¤^Õ nq Zvn‡j Zvi †M‡j cÖv‡Yi Drcv`b K‡g wKš‧ gv‡gi Drcv`b K‡g bv| Z‡e,
ÔXvjÕ Aw¯wZ¯vcK nq| Dc‡ii wP‡Î S1 ‡hvMvb †iLv Dj¤^ Z‡e, miKv‡ii K‡ii d‡j gv‡gi Drcv`b Kg n‡Z cv‡i Ges SS ev‡g
evKx †hvMvb †iLv¸‡jv S2 , S3 , S4 Dj¤^ bq myZivs S1 Aw¯wZ¯vcK ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡Z cv‡i|
11. gvg cvwbi Pvwn`v I †hvMvb †iLv `ywU mgvb cwigv‡Y ¯’vbvšÍwiZ n‡j-
†hvMvb †iLv|
[SUST: 2014-15]
K) ïay gvg cvwbi `vg evo‡e
L) gvg cvwbi evRv‡i weµq evo‡e
M) gvg cvwbi `vg I evRv‡i weµ‡qi cwigvY AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e
N) gvg cvwbi `vg I evRv‡i weµ‡qi cwigv‡Yi †h‡Kvb GKwU evo‡e
O) gvg cvwbi `vg I evRv‡i weµ‡qi cwigvY DfqwU evo‡e
DËi: N
e¨vL¨v: gvg cvwbi Pvwn`v †Kvb w`‡K ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡e Ges †hvMvb
07. Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi cwieZ©b n‡”Q- [SUST: 2014-15] †iLv †Kvb w`‡K ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡e Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i fvimvg¨ `vg I
K) E 1 ‡_‡K E 2 L) E 1 ‡_‡K E 3 weµ‡qi cwigvY wbf©i Ki‡e|

72
12. mvB‡K¬vb AvµvšÍ GKwU m¤úª`v‡qi cÖavb ÔAbyf‚Z- Pvwn`vÕ †KvbwU?  `v‡gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi mggyLx m¤úK© we`¨gvb|
[SUST: 2014-15]  mxgve× m¤ú‡ì †hvMvb †iLvi Xvj k~b¨ n‡e|
K) Abœ L) e¯¿ M) wPwKrmv 07. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewawU Kvh©Ki nq- [MBSTU: 2018-19]
N) wkÿv O) evm¯vb K) Avq e„w×i d‡j L) mÂq e„w×i d‡j
DËi: O M) gybvdv e„w×i d‡j N) †fv‡Mi GKK e„w×i d‡j
e¨vL¨v: mvB‡K¬vb AvµvšÍ GKwU m¤úª`v‡qi Abœ, e¯¿, wPwKrmv I wkÿv DËi: N
ÿwZ n‡j mev©‡½ Zv‡ì evm¯vb ìKvi nq| e¨vL¨v: µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa:
 †fv‡Mi GKK e„w×i d‡j µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa Kvh©Ki nq|
gvIjvbv fvmvbx weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq
 µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa‡Z cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM w¯i _v‡K|
01. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM‡K wb‡Pi †Kvb cÖZxK Øviv wb‡`©k Kiv nq?  Aa¨vcK gvk©vj µgn«vmgvb Dc‡hvM wewa e¨vL¨v K‡ib|
[MBSTU: 2019-20]
 µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK wewa‡K Gossen's first law ejv nq|
K) TU / Q L) TP / Q
 µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK wewa‡Z A‡_©i cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM w¯i _v‡K|
M) TR / Q N) TC / Q
08. Pvwn`v wewai MvwYwZK cÖKvk‡K e‡j-[MBSTU: 2018-19]
DËi: K K) Pvwn`v m~wP L) Pvwn`v †iLv
02. †h `ª‡eï Dc‡hvM Av‡Q, †hvMvb mxgve× Ges weµq‡hvM¨ Zv‡K e‡j- M) evRvi Pvwn`v N) e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v
[MBSTU: 2019-20] DËi: K
K) wewb‡qvM L) m¤ú` M) cyuwR N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`v wewa: ‡h wewai mvnv‡h¨ †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q †Kv‡bv
DËi: L `ª‡eï evRvi `v‡gi mv‡_ Zvi Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Kiv
e¨vL¨v: †hme e¯‧MZ I Ae¯‧MZ `ª‡eï Dc‡hvM Av‡Q, †hvMvb nq,Zv‡K Pvwn`v wewa e‡j| Pvwn`v wewa-
mxgve×, hv‡ì n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨, evwn¨KZv I wewbg‡q g~j¨ we`¨gvb,
`vg Pvwn`vi cwigvY (Q)
†m¸‡jvB A_©‣bwZK `ªe¨ ev m¤ú`| m¤ú` ejZ `ªe¨ I †mev
5 UvKv 30 GKK
Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ eënvi Dc‡hvMx wewfbœ Dcv`vb‡K †evSvq| gvby‡li
10 UvKv 20 GKK
Amxg Afve wgUv‡bvi cÖ‡qvR‡b gvbyl m¤ú` wb‡qvwRZ K‡i _v‡K|
15 UvKv 10 GKK
03. †hvMvb w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv 01 (GK) n‡j †hvMvb †iLv n‡e- [2019-20]
K) wb¤œMvgx L) 450 M) mgvšÍivj N) Djø¤^ Pvwn`v †iLv: †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q †µZv wewfbœ `v‡g †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ †h
DËi: L cwigvY µq Ki‡Z B”QzK Zv hLb †iLv wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv
e¨vL¨v: GKK w¯’wc¯’vcKZv: †hvMv‡bi cwigvY I `vg GKB nv‡i nq ZLb Zv‡K Pvwn`v †iLv e‡j| A_v©r, Pvwn`vi wewai MvwYwZK
cÖKvk‡K Pvwn`v m~wP e‡j| Pvwn`v †iLv:
cwieZ©b n‡j Zv‡K GKK w¯wc¯vcKZv ( E S  1) e‡j|

09. s  3  3p GKwU †hvMvb mgxKiY †hLv‡b p  `vg I

* †hvMvb w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv 1 n‡j †hvMvb †iLv nq - 45 |
0
s  ‡hvMvb| KZ `v‡g `ªe¨wUi †hvMvb k~b¨ n‡e? [MBSTU:
04. m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`v †iLv-[MBSTU: 2018-19] 2018-19]
K) DaŸ©Mvgx L) wb¤œMvgx M) mgvšÍivj N) Lvov K) 1 L) 2 M) 3 N) 4
DËi: M DËi: K
e¨vL¨v: `ª‡eï `vg cwiewZ©Z nIqv m‡Ë¡¡I Pvwn`vi †Kvb cwieZ©b bv e¨vL¨v: GLv‡b, S  ‡hvMvb (Supply), P= `vg (Price)| `ªe¨wUi
n‡j, Zv‡K m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v e‡j| `vg 1 n‡j `ªe¨wUi †hvMvb k~b¨ n‡e|
 m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v †iLv- mgvšÍivj| S  3  3.1  3  3  0
 AwZ Riæwi `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK nq| †hgb- 10. `ªe¨ ‡fvM K‡i Avgiv cvB- [MBSTU: 2016-17]
Mvwoi hš¿vsk| K) gybvdv L) Dc‡hvM M) cyuwR N) gvbe m¤ú`
05. hw` Kwdi `vg evovi d‡j Kwdi Pvwn`vi cwigvY K‡g, Zvn‡j Kwd DËi: L
nj- [MBSTU: 2018-19] e¨vL¨v: A_©bxwZ‡Z, Dc‡hvM ej‡Z †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ ev †mevi H we‡kl
K) wbK…ó `ªe¨ L) ¯^vfvweK `ªe¨ ¸Y‡K †evSvq, hv Øviv gvby‡li we‡kl Afve †gUv‡bv m¤¢e nq|
M) m¤ú~iK `ªe¨ N) cwic~iK `ªe¨ gvby‡li AdzišÍ †mBme Afve †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡ Abymv‡i `ªe¨ ev
DËi: L †mev †fvM Ki‡Z nq| A_©vr `ªe¨ ev †mev †fv‡Mi gva¨‡g gvby‡li
e¨vL¨v: MBSTU Gi (17)bs cÖ‡kœi e¨vL¨v| Afve c~i‡Yi †h ÿgZv i‡q‡Q Zv‡K Dc‡hvM e‡j| mnRfv‡e ejv
06. mxgve× m¤ú‡ì †hvMvb †iLvi Xvj n‡e-[MBSTU: 2018-19] hvq, `ªe¨ †fvM K‡i Avgiv Dc‡hvM cvB|
K) abvZ¥K L) FYvZ¥K M) k~b¨ N) Amxg 11| ‡KvbwU †hvMv‡bi wba©viK bq? [MBSTU: 2017-18]
DËi: K K) Avq L) `ªe¨g~j¨
e¨vL¨v: M) we‡µZvi msL¨v N) fwel¨r weµq cÖZ¨kv
 †hvMvb †iLvi Xvj mvaviYZ abvZ¥K nq| DËi: K
73
e¨vL¨v: ‡hvMv‡bi wba©viK: †hme wel‡qi Dci †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï †hvMvb
wbf©ikxj, Hme welq‡K †hvMv‡bi wba©viK e‡j|
‡hvMv‡bi wba©viK mg~n: `ªe¨g~j¨/`ª‡eï wbR¯^ `vg, weKí `ª‡eï
`v‡gi cwieZ©b, `ª‡eï Pvwn`v, Drcv`b wewa, DcKi‡Yi `vg, mgq,
AvenvIqvi cÖfve, Ki I fZ©ywKi cÖfve, evRv‡ii wewfbœZv, gy³
†hvMvb, †K․k‡ji cwieZ©b, we‡µZvi msL¨v, fwel¨r weµq
cÖZ¨vkv|
12| mvaviYfv‡e †KvbwU DaŸ©Mvgx †iLv? [MBSTU: 2017-18]  mmxg w¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v †iLv j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq|
K) Pvwn`v †iLv L) †hvMvb †iLv  Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv cÖKvk Kiv nq (Ep) Øviv|
M) Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv N) wewb‡qvM †iLv 16| wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY †KvbwU? [MBSTU: 2017-18]
DËi: L K) MT=VP L) MV=PT M) MP=VT N) M=VPT
e¨vL¨v: DËi: L
 ‡hvMvb †iLv evgw`K †_‡K Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx nq| e¨vL¨v:
 Pvwn`v †iLv evgw`K †_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx nq|  wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY: MV=PT
 Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv g~j we›`yi w`‡K AeZj AvK…wZi nq|  A_©ceÖ vn e„w× †c‡j `vg¯Íi e„w× cvq|
 mq¤¢yZ wewb‡qvM †iLv mgvšÍivj nq|  A‡_©i g~j¨ wba©vwiZ nq Pvwn`v I †hvMvb Øviv|
13| kZKiv nv‡i g~j¨ cwieZ©‡bi d‡j kZKiv nv‡i Pvwn`vi †h cwieZ©b  Purchasing Power of Money bvgK MÖšwUi iPwqZv wdkvi|
nq Zv‡K e‡j-[MBSTU: 2017-18] GLv‡b,
K) Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv L) †hvMvb w¯wZ¯vcKZv M=wPwýZ A‡_©i cwigvY|
M) Pvwn`v w¯wZ¯vcKZv N) †KvbwUB bq V= wPwýZ A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ|
DËi: M P= g~j¨¯Íi
e¨vL¨v: T= †jb‡`bK…Z ‡gvU `ªe¨ mvgMÖxi cwigvY|
Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv: Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv n‡jv Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi
wdkv‡ii m¤úªmvwiZ wewbgq mgxKiYwU n‡jv: MV+M'V'=PT|
kZKiv cwieZ©b I `v‡gi kZKiv cwieZ©‡bi AbycvZ|
17| `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Pj‡Ki wbf©ikxjZvi m¤úK©‡K e‡j- [MBSTU:
2017-18]
Pvwn`vi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv: K) civwgwZ L) Xvj M) aªæeK N) A‡cÿK
Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi kZKiv cwieZ©b
DËi: N
`v‡gi kZKiv cwieZ©b
e¨vL¨v:
Pvwn`vi Avq w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv: Pvwn`vi Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv n‡jv †fv³vi  ¯^vaxb PjK I Aaxb Pj‡Ki wbf©ikxjZvi m¤ú‡©Ki MvwYwZK
Avw_©K Av‡qi Av‡cwÿK ev kZvswkK cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`vi cÖKvk‡K A‡cÿK e‡j|
cwigv‡Yi Av‡cwÿK ev kZvswkK cwieZ©‡bi AbycvZ|
 MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq †h ivwki gvb cwieZ©b nq Zv‡K PjK e‡j|
Pvwn`vi kZvswkK cwieZ©b
Pvwn`vi Avq w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv: Av‡qi kZvswkK cwieZ©b  ‡h mg¯Í welq ev ivwki gvb MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq me mgq w¯i _v‡K
Zv‡K aªæeK e‡j|
‡hvMvb w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv: †hvMv‡bi w¯wZ¯vcKZv n‡jv `ª‡eï `v‡gi
Av‡cwÿK ev kZvswkK cwieZ©‡bi d‡j †hvMv‡bi cwigv‡Yi  ‡Kvb A‡cÿ‡Ki m¤úK©hy³ Pj‡Ki GKwU Pj‡Ki cwieZ©‡bi
Av‡cwÿK ev kZvswkK cwieZ©‡bi AbycvZ| AbycvZB n‡jv Xvj|
‡hvMv‡bi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv: 18| ‡gvU Dc‡hvM m‡ev©”P n‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM-[MBSTU: 2017-18]
‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY kZvswkK cwieZ©b K) m‡ev©”P L) k~b¨ M) abvZ¥K N) me©wb¤œ
= `v‡gi kZvswkK DËi: L
19| ‡Kvb `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi wbqvgK †KvbwU? [MBSTU: 2016-17]
14| Q= a- bp ‡Kvb ai‡bi mgxKiY? [MBSTU: 2017-18]
K) Drcv`b LiP L) cÖhyw³
K) Drcv`b A‡cÿK L) †hvMvb A‡cÿK
M) DcKi‡Yi `vg N) `ª‡eï `vg
M) Pvwn`v A‡cÿK N) †fvM A‡cÿK
DËi: N
DËi: M
e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`vi wba©viK/wbqvgK: GKRb †µZv †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ Kx
e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`v A‡cÿK-`vg I Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi wbf©ikxjZvi
cwigvY µq Ki‡e Zv KZK¸‡jv wel‡qi Ici wbf©ikxj| G
m¤ú‡K© MvwYwZK cÖKvkB n‡jv Pvwn`v A‡cÿK|
welq¸‡jv‡K Pvwn`vi wba©viK e‡j|
Pvwn`v A‡cÿ‡Ki Xvj - FYvZ¥K|
Pvwn`vi wba©viKmg~n n‡jv:
Q = a - bp A_ev,D= a - bp GKwU - Pvwn`v A‡cÿK/mgxKiY|
 `ª‡eï `vg
‡hvMvb A‡cÿK: †hvMvb A‡cÿK n‡”Q cÖvmw½K †h †Kv‡bv wel‡qi
m‡½ †hvMv‡bi wbf©ikxjZvi MvwYwZK m¤úK©|  weKí `ª‡eï `vg
 ‡hvMvb A‡cÿ‡Ki Xvj-FYvZ¥K|  cwic~iK `ª‡eï `vg
 Qa= c+dp GKwU-‡hvMvb A‡cÿK/mgxKiY|  ‡µZvi Avq
15| Amxg w¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`v †iLv: [MBSTU: 2017-18]  mÂq
K) wb¤œMvgx L) DaŸ©Mvgx M) Djø¤^ N) mgvšÍivj  RxebhvÎvi gvb
DËi: N 20| x `ª‡eï `vg e„w×i d‡j y `ª‡eï Pvwn`v n«vm †c‡j x I y `ª‡eï Pvwn`v
e¨vL¨v: `v‡gi mvgvb¨ cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`vi e¨vcK cwieZ©b n«vm †c‡j x I y `ªe¨ `ywU ci®ú‡ii- [MBSTU: 2016-17]
NU‡j Zv‡K Amxg w¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v e‡j| K) cwic~iK L) weKí M) wM‡db N) MY`ªe¨
Amxg w¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v †iLv j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq| DËi: K
74
21| Avq cwieZ©b n‡j †Kvb †iLv ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nq? [MBSTU: 2016-17]
K) †hvMvb †iLv L) fvM †iLv
M) Pvwn`v †iLv N) wbi‡cÿ †iLv
DËi: M
e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`v wba©viYKvix welq¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Avq Ab¨Zg| Avq
evo‡j Pvwn`v ev‡o Ges Avq Kg‡j Pvwn`v K‡g|
 Av‡qi mv‡_ Pvwn`vi m¤úK© mggyLx|
 Avq cwieZ©b n‡j Pvwn`v †iLv ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq| 26. X `ª‡eï `vg e„w×i d‡j Gi weKí `ªe¨ Y Gi Pvwn`v †iLvi †Kvb
 Avq evo‡j Pvwn`v †iLv Wv‡b ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq| ai‡bi cwieZ©b n‡e? [MBSTU: 2015-16]
 Avq Kg‡j Pvwn`v ‡iLv ev‡g ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq| K) e„w× cv‡e L) evg w`‡K ¯vbvšÍi n‡e
22. Q  15  2P A‡cÿwUi †jLwPÎ n‡e: [MBSTU: 2016-17] M) Wvb w`‡K ¯vbvšÍi n‡e N) n«vm cv‡e
K) wb¤œMvgx L) DaŸ©Mvgx M) Dj¤^ N) Avbyf‚wgK DËi: M
DËi: L e¨vL¨v: ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz Z_¨-
e¨vL¨v: ‡hvMvb A‡cÿK: †h A‡cÿ‡Ki mvnvh¨ `ª‡eï `v‡gi mv‡_  ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï `vg e„w× †c‡j Gi weKí `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi †iLv
†hvMv‡bi cwigv‡Yi mivmwi m¤úK© †`Lv‡bv nq, Zv‡K †hvMvb cwieZ©b n‡q Wvb w`‡K ¯vbvšÍi nq|
A‡cÿK e‡j|  ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï `vg n«vm †c‡j weKí `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLv cwieZ©b n‡q
 Q  15  2P , GKwU †hvMvb A‡cÿK| evg w`‡K ¯vbvšÍi nq|
 ‡hvMvb †iLv evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx nq|  wKQz cwieZ©K `ªe¨ - Pv I Kwd, wPwb I ¸o|
 Pvwn`v †iLv evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx|  wKQz cwic~iK `ªe¨- Kvwj I Kjg, Wvb I evg cv‡qi RyZv|
23. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai †ÿ‡Î †fvMKvixi Avq, iæwP I 27. wK ai‡bi Pvwn`v †iLvi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv k~b¨? [MBSTU: 2015-16]
Af¨vm _v‡K- [MBSTU: 2016-17] K) wb¤œMvgx Pvwn`v †iLvi L) mgZj Pvwn`v †iLvi
K) cwieZ©bxq L) AcwieZ©bxq M) k~b¨ N) Amxg M) Dj¤^ Pvwn`v †iLvi N) DaŸ©Mvgx Pvwn`v †iLvi
DËi: L DËi: M
e¨vL¨v: µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai g~j K_v n‡jv, Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v e¨vL¨v:
w¯i _vK‡j, GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q †fv³v hw` GKwU `ª‡eï †fv‡Mi  w¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`vi gvb GK A‡cÿv eo nq|
cwigvY evov‡Z _v‡K Zvn‡j H `ª‡eï AwZwi³ GKK¸‡jv †_‡K †h  Aw¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`vi gvb GK A‡cÿv †QvU nq|
Dc‡hvM cvIqv hvq Zv µgvš^‡q Kg‡Z _v‡K|  w¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v Øviv wejvm RvZxq `ªe¨‡K †evSvq|
* µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi kZ©mg~n:  Aw¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v Øviv wbZ¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨‡K †evSvq|
 cÖwZwU GK‡Ki Dc‡hvM msL¨vMZfv‡e cwigvY‡hvM¨|  Djø¤^ Pvwn`v †iLvi w¯wZ¯vcKZv k~b¨ nq|
 A‡_©i cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM w¯i|
h‡kvi weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq
 `ª‡eï mKj GKK mgRvZxq|
 ‡fv³vi iæwP, Avq Ges Af¨vm w¯i ev AcwieZ©bxq| 01. e¨w³i `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Rwgi †hvMvb Kxiƒc? [JUST: 2018-19]
24. wb‡¤œi †Kvb `ª‡eï w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK? K) Aw¯wZ¯vcK L) w¯wZ¯vcK
K) Kvi L) Km‡gwUKm& M) jeY N) wejvmeûj evwo M) weKí eënvi‡hvM¨ N) `vg k~b¨
DËi: M DËi: L
e¨vL¨v: Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK Pvwn`v: †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j, e¨vL¨v:
hw` Pvwn`vi we‡kl ev †Zgb †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b bv nq, Z‡e Zv‡K  e¨w³i `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Rwgi †hvMvb w¯wZ¯vcK|
Aw¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v e‡j|  Rwgi `v‡gi e¨vcK cwieZ©b n‡jI †hvMv‡bi Ae¯v AcwieZ©bxq|
Aw¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v‡Z E p  1 nq|  Rwgi `v‡gi e¨vcK cwieZ©b n‡j †hvMvb †iLv `vg A‡ÿi
mgvšÍivj|
wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbm jeY, Pvj, †Zj cÖf…wZ `ª‡eï w¯wZ¯vcKZv
02. M‡gi `vg cÖwZ †KwR 35 UvKv n‡Z 45 UvKv n‡j Pvwn`vn«vm †c‡q
Aw¯wZ¯vcK|
12 †KwR †_‡K 9 †KwR nq| G †ÿ‡Î M‡gi `v‡gi w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv
25. Pvwn`v †iLvi f‚wg A‡ÿ Kx _v‡K? [MBSTU: 2015-16] KZ? [JUST: 2018-19]
K) `vg L) Pvwn`vi cwigvY K) 0.758 L) 0.38 M) 0.875 N) 0.50
M) †fv‡Mi cwigvY N) †hvMv‡bi cwigvY DËi: M
DËi: L e¨vL¨v:
e¨vL¨v: Pvwn`v †iLv: wewfbœ `v‡g †µZv GKwU `ª‡eï †h cwigvY µq Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv EP=
K‡i, Zv †h †iLvwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡bv nq †mwU‡K Pvwn`v †iLv
e‡j|
 Pvwn`v †iLv `vg I Pvwn`vi m¤úK© cÖKvk K‡i| `v‡gi cwieZ©b (∆Q)
 Pvwn`v †iLvi j¤^ A‡ÿ `vg Ges Pvwn`v †iLvi f‚wg A‡ÿ Pvwn`vi Pvwn`vi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©b =
Av‡cwÿK ev g~j Pvwn`v (Q)
cwigvY _v‡K| 12  9 3
= 
12 12
`v‡gi cwieZ©b (∆Q)
`v‡gi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©b =
Av‡cwÿK ev g~j Pvwn`v (P)

75
2 28. `vg AcwiewZ©Z Ae¯vq †fv³vi Avq evo‡j Pvwn`v wewa Ici Kx
1 7 7 cÖfve co‡e?
= 12     0.875 29. Pvwn`v wewa wK me©`v Kvh©Ki? e¨vL¨v Ki|
10 4 2 8
30. Pvwn`v †iLv KLb EaŸ©Mvgx nq?
35 31. Pvwn`vi Ici cÖfve we¯ÍviMvgx `ywU Dcv`v‡bi e¨vL¨v `vI|
Ávbg~jK cÖkœ 32. AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZvi gvb abvZ¥K n‡j `ªe¨ `ywUi cÖK…wZ Kxiƒc?
1. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Kx? 33. wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡eï Pvwn`v Aw¯wZ¯vcK nq †Kb?
2. PjK Kx? 34. ‡Kb wejvmRvZ `ªe¨ w¯wZ¯vcK?
3. wbf©ikxj PjK Kx? 35. `v‡gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi m¤úK© Kxiƒc? eywS‡q †jL|
4. ‡iLvi Xvj Kx? 36. ‡hvMvb wewa ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
5. A‡cÿK Kx? 37. Ò`v‡gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡‡bi cwigv‡bi m¤úK© mggyLxÓ- e¨vL¨v Ki|
6. Pvwn`v A‡cÿK Kx? 38. ‡hvMv‡bi Ici mg‡qi cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki|
7. ‡fe‡jb `ªe¨ Kx? 39. mxgve× †hvMv‡bi †ÿ‡Î †hvMvb wewa AKvh©Ki-e¨vL¨v Ki|
8. cwic~iK `ªe¨ Kv‡K e‡j? 40. ‡hvMvb †iLv wK me©`v Wvb w`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx nq?
9. Pvwn`v Kx? 41. A_©bxwZ‡Z ÔgRy`Õ I Ô‡hvMvbÕ Kx GK n‡Z cv‡i?
10. Pvwn`v wewa Kx? 42. DcKiY `v‡gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi cwigvY Kxfv‡e m¤úwK©Z?
11. w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kx? m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
12. Pvwn`vi n«vm-e„w× Kx? 1. wg. Avwid †`vKvb †_‡K 5wU wjPz wKbj| wZwb 1g GKK †_‡K 12
13. aªæeK Kx? BDwUj, `yB GKK †_‡K 20 BDwUj, wZwb 3q GKK †_‡K 26
14. ¯^vaxb PjK Kv‡K e‡j? BDwUj, 4_© GKK †_‡K 30 BDwUj Ges 5g GKK †_‡K †gvU 32
15. Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kx? BDwUj Dc‡hvM jvf K‡ib|
16. Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kx? K. Dc‡hvM Kx?
17. ‡hvMvb wewa Kx? L. ¯^vfvweK `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLv evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
18. ‡hvMvb Kx? nq †Kb?
19. evRvi fvimvg¨ Kv‡K e‡j? M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b Ki|
20. fvimvg¨ `vg Kx? N. DÏxc‡Ki e³e¨ µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa‡K mg_©b K‡i
Abyavebg~jK cÖktœ wKbv Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|
1. m‡ev©”P †gvU Dc‡hvM ¯Í‡i cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM k~b¨ nq †Kb? 2. GKRb †fv³vi GKwU `ª‡eï Dci Dc‡hvM m~wP wb¤œiƒc-
2. cwigvYMZ Dc‡hvM I chv©qMZ Dc‡hvM GKB-e¨vL¨v Ki| `ª‡eï GKK ‡gvU Dc‡hvM
3. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM ‡iLv wb¤œMvgx nq †Kb? 1 25
4. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM KLb evo‡Z _v‡K? 2 35
5. ‡gvU Dc‡hvM n‡”Q cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi mgwó-e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 42
6. ‡gvU Dc‡hvM e„w× †c‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM me©`v e„w× cvq bv-e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 42
7. ‡fv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †iLv wb¤œMvgx nq †Kb? 5 40
8. ¯^vfvweK `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLv evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx nq †Kb? K. Dc‡hvM Kx?
9. Avq Pvwn`v‡K Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i? L. †gvU Dc‡hvM n‡”Q cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi mgwó-e¨vL¨v Ki|
10. wM‡db `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLv EaŸ©gyLx nq †Kb? M. DÏxcK †_‡K cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM m~wP •Zwi Ki Ges cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
11. Ò‡Kv‡bv A‡cÿ‡K GKvwaK Aaxb PjK _vK‡Z cv‡i bvÓ-hyw³mn †iLv A¼b Ki|
e¨vL¨v Ki‡e? N. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv Ki|
12. Òeµ †iLvi Xvj mKj we›`y‡Z mgvb bqÓ- e¨vL¨v Ki|
13. weÁvcb wK Pvwn`v‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i?
14. KvMR I Kjg-G `ywU `ª‡eï m¤úK© †Kgb?
15. Pv‡qi `vg evo‡j wPwb Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b e¨vL¨v Ki|
16. wM‡db `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î wK Pvwn`v wewa cÖ‡hvR¨ nq?
17. ‡fv³vi Av‡qi cwieZ©b n‡j Pvwn`v wewa Kvh©Ki nq bv †Kb? GB Aa¨v‡qi wmwKD wfwWI K¬vm
18. Pvwn`v wewa wK memgq Kvh©Ki nq? †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
19. wejvmRvZ `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v wewa Kvh©Ki nq bv †Kb?
20. Ôf~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj †iLvi Xvj k~b¨Õ- e¨vL¨v Ki|
21. Aaxb PjK, ¯^vaxb PjK †_‡K Kxfv‡e wfbœ? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3. wb‡Pi GKRb †fv³vi Av‡cj µq †_‡K cÖvß Dc‡hv‡Mi Z_¨ †Ìqv n‡jv-
22. Pvwn`v †iLv †Kb EaŸ©Mvgx n‡Z cv‡i? Av‡cj (GKK) ‡gvU Dc‡hvM (TU)
23. ¯^vaxb PjK I Aaxb Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx? 1 5
24. Pv‡ji g~j¨ e„w×‡Z M‡gi Pvwn`vi Ici †h cÖfve co‡e Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 8
25. Ô‡Kv‡bv wKQz cvIqvi AvKv•ÿvB Pvwn`v bqÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 9
26. ‡µZvi Avq e„w× †c‡j †gvevB‡ji Pvwn`vi Kxiƒc cwieZ©b n‡e?
4 9
27. `vg w¯i †_‡K iæwPi cwieZ©b n‡j Pvwn`v †iLv †ÿ‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi
5 8
cwieZ©b NU‡e?
K. Dc‡hvM Kx?
L.Ò`v‡gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi cwigv‡bi m¤úK© mggyLxÓ-e¨vL¨v Ki|
76
M. DÏxcK n‡Z cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 1g Kgjv‡jey 5.00 5
N. DÏxc‡K †h wewawU cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q, Kx Kx Ae¯vi †cÖwÿ‡Z 2q Kgjv‡jey 9 4
Kvh©Ki n‡e bv e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki| 3q Kgjv‡jey 12 3
4. GKRb †fv³vi X `ªe¨ †fv‡Mi cwigvY I cÖvß Dc‡hv‡Mi Z_¨ 4_© Kgjv‡jey 14 2
wb¤œiƒc- 5g Kgjv‡jey 15 1
‡fv‡Mi GKK cÖvß †gvU Dc‡hvM 6ô Kgjv‡jey 15 0
1g 12 7g Kgjv‡jey 14 -1
2q 20 K. A‡cÿK Kx?
3q 24 L. †fvM ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
4_© 24 M. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewawU Kx? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wP‡Îi
5g 22 mvnv‡h¨ eY©bv Ki|
K. Pvwn`vi n«vm-e„w× Kx? N. Kx Kx Ae¯vi †cÖwÿ‡Z gvwiqvi †ÿ‡Î µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK wewawU
L. cwigvYMZ Dc‡hvM I ch©vqMZ Dc‡hvM GKB bq-e¨vL¨v Ki| Kvh©Ki n‡e bv e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? hyw³mn we‡kølY Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki wfwË‡Z X `ª‡eï cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM m~wP •Zwi Ki| 9. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vIt
N. DÏx‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wPÎ A¼bc~e©K †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK
Dc‡hv‡Mi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki|
5. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki:

K. Pvwn`v Kx?
L. `v‡gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi m¤úK© wKiƒc? eywS‡q †jL|
K. Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kx? M. X `ª‡eï Pvwn`v mgxKiY wbY©q Ki|
L. DcKiYg~j¨ †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï †hvMvb‡K Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i? N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbY©q K‡i X `ª‡eï cÖK…wZ
M. DÏxcK †_‡K TU I MU-Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki mv‡_ mswkøó wewawU e¨vL¨v Ki| 10. X `ª‡eï `vg hLb 2 UvKv Pvwn`vi cwigvY 30 GKK| `vg †e‡o
6. mvnvbv †cqvivi Lye f³| †cqviv †fv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î Zvi †gvU Dc‡hvM 4,6,8,10,12 UvKv n‡j Pvwn`vi cwigvY nq h_vµ‡g 25,20,15,10
m~wPwU wb¤œiƒc: Ges 5 GKK|
‡cqvivi GKK ‡gvU Dc‡hvM K. Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kx?
cÖ_g 8 GKK L. Pv‡qi `vg evo‡j wPwbi Pvwn`vi cwiZ©b e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxcK †_‡K Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki|
wØZxq 10 GKK
N. `ª‡eï `vg w¯i †_‡K †fv³vi Avq evo‡j Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b wP‡Î
Z…Zxq 12 GKK
e¨vL¨v Ki|
PZz_© 12 GKK
11. GKwU c‡U‡Uv wPc‡mi Pvwn`v m~wP wb¤œiƒc-
cÂg 10 GKK
`vg (UvKv) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (GKK)
K. Dc‡hvM Kx? 3 18
L. m‡ev©”P †gvU Dc‡hvM ¯Í‡i cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM k~b¨ nq †Kb?
6 14
M. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z †gvU Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b Ki|
9 10
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨
12 6
m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki|
7. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vIt K. Pvwn`v wewa Kx?
L. Pvwn`v wewa wK memgq Kvh©Ki nq?
M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ`Ë Z_¨ n‡Z Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ ‡_‡K cÖvß Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kb Ggb nq,
hyw³mn †jL|
12. wb‡Pi GKwU c‡Yï Pvwn`v m~wP †Ìqv n‡jv-
cÖwZ GKK c‡Yï `vg (UvKvq) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (GKK)
K. Dc‡hvM Kv‡K e‡j? 2 20
L. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM KLb evo‡Z _v‡K? 4 15
M. DÏxc‡K wPÎ †_‡K Kxfv‡e µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewawU 6 10
e¨vL¨v Ki‡e? 8 5
N. DÏxcK wP‡Îi MU ‡iLvwU f~wg Aÿ‡K †Q` K‡i AviI wb‡P K. PjK Kx?
Mgb Ki‡e `vg I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi Kxiƒc cwieZ©b NU‡e? L. †hvMvb wewa ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
8. gvwiqv Kgjv †L‡Z cQ›` K‡i| †m GKw`b Zvi evevi Kv‡Q Kgjv M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Pvwn`v m~wP ‡_‡K GKwU Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki|
LvIqvi Rb¨ evqbv ai‡j Zvi evev Zv‡K A‡bK¸‡jv Kgjv wK‡b N. Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v AcwiewZ©Z †_‡K `vg evovi cvkvcvwk Av‡qi e„w× NU‡j
‡L‡Z †`q| Kgjv¸‡jv †_‡K gvwiqv †h Dc‡hvM †c‡q‡Q Zv mviwYi DÏxc‡K ewY©Z Pvwn`v Kx cwieZ©b n‡e? wPÎmnKv‡i we‡kølY Ki|
AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki‡j wb¤œiƒc nq-
`ª‡eï cwigvY ‡gvU Dc‡hvM (UvKv) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM (UvKv)
77
13 evRv‡i cÖwZ †KwR Av‡gi `vg hLb 100 UvKv, ZLb Pvwn`vi cwigvY K. w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kx?
wQj 15 †KwR| GKB mg‡q cÖwZ IRb Kjvi `vg 90 UvKv Ges L. wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡eï Pvwn`v Aw¯wZ¯vcK nq †Kb?
Pvwn`v 20 WRb wQj| Av‡gi n«vm †c‡q cÖwZ †KwR 70 UvKv Ges M. DÏxc‡Ki wfwË‡Z X `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbY©q Ki|
Pvwn`v e„w× ‡c‡q 30 †KwR n‡jv| Kjvi `v‡gi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b n‡jv N. AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZvi wfwË‡Z Dc‡iv³ `ywU `ª‡eï m¤ú‡K©i
bv A_P Pvwn`v n«vm †c‡q 15 WRb n‡jv| cÖK…wZ we‡kølY Ki|
K. A‡cÿK Kv‡K e‡j? 19. wb‡Pi m~wPwU jÿ Ki:
L. Ò‡Kv‡bv A‡cÿK GKvwaK Aaxb PjK _vK‡Z cv‡i bvÓ-hyw³mn `vg (P) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (Qd) m¤úK©m~PK we›`y
e¨vL¨v Ki‡e? 5 0 A
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Av‡gi Pvwn`v mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| 4 10 B
N. Avgv‡ì `vg I Kjvi Pvwn`vi m¤ú‡K© Zzwg Kxfv‡e 3 20 C
w¯wZ¯vcKZvi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Ki‡e? K. wbf©ikxj PjK Kx?
14. wkÿK K¬v‡m ej‡jb, Ò‡fv³vi Avq , iæwP, weKí `ª‡eï `vg cÖf…wZ L. Ô‡Kv‡bv wKQz cvIqvi AvKv•ÿvB Pvwn`v bqÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki|
AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡j `vg evo‡j Kg Ges `vg Kg‡j Pvwn`v ev‡o|Ó M. DcwiD³ m~wPwU Pvwn`v wewa‡K cÖKvk K‡i-e¨vL¨v Ki|
G‡Z Pvwn`v †iLv evg †_‡K Wv‡b wb¤œMvgx nq| N. B I C-we›`y we‡ePbv K‡i `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZvi gvb wbY©q K‡i
K. Pvwn`v Kv‡K e‡j? `ªe¨wUi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki|
L. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †_‡K Kxfv‡e †gvU Dc‡hvM cvIqv hvq? 20. wPwbi Pvwn`v A‡cÿK, Q = 450-4P-4P, ‡hLv‡b P = `vg (UvKv/
M. Dc‡ii DÏxcK A_©bxwZi †Kvb wewai mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? †iLvi †KwR), Q = Pvwn`v cwigvY|
gva¨‡g †`LvI| K. evRvi fvimvg¨ Kv‡K e‡j?
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ welq¸‡jv cwiewZ©Z n‡j Pvwn`v †iLv Ae¯v‡bi L. cwienb LiP evo‡j †hvMvb wK ev‡o? †Kb?
‡ÿ‡Î Kxiƒc cwieZ©b msNwUZ n‡e? wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| M. wPwb Pvwn`v †iLvi Xvj wbb©q Ki|
15. Avhv` I wkgyj `yB eÜz| Avhv‡ì evev wewkó wkícwZ| Zv‡ì N. wPwbi Pvwn`vi A‡cÿKwUi mvnv‡h¨ Pvwn`vi ms‡KvPb cÖmvi‡Yi
A‡bK UvKv| GKw`b Avhv` Zvi evev‡K e‡j GKwU evBK wK‡b aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki|
w`‡Z| wKš‧ Avhv‡ì evev evBK wK‡b †`qwb| Gw`‡K wkgyj Zvi
21. wg. X GKwU cY¨ 40 UvKv `v‡g 80 GKK µq K‡ib| `vg 35 UvKv
evev‡K GKwU evBK wK‡b w`‡Z ej‡j Zvi evevi A‡bK †ewk UvKv bv
n‡j D³ c‡Yï Pvwn`v e„w× †c‡q 160 GKK nq| Aciw`‡K wg. Y
_vKv m‡Ë¡I Zvi †Q‡j‡K GKwU evBK wK‡b †`q|
40 UvKv `v‡g 60 GKK `ªe¨ µq K‡ib| `vg K‡g 10 UvKv n‡j
K. Dc‡hvM Kx?
wZwb 70 GKK µq K‡ib|
L. ‡hvMvb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
K. †Kvb †iLvi Xvj abvZ¥K?
M. DÏxc‡K wkgyj I Avhv` `yR‡bi evBK †Kbvi B”Qv‡K Pvwn`v ejv
L. cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †iLv wb¤œMvgx nq †Kb?
hvq Kx? †Zvgvi cvV¨cy¯‧‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. D³ Pvwn`vi wbav©iK¸‡jv we‡kølY Ki| M. DÏxc‡K wg. X Gi Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbY©q Ki|
16. iwdK mv‡ne GKwU d¨vkb nvD‡mi gvwjK| cÖwZeQi G eëmvq N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wg. X I wg. Y Gi `ª‡eï cÖK…wZ wba©viY K‡i
†_‡K wZwb cÖPzi gybvdv AR©b K‡ib| Zvi G mdjZv †`‡L Zvi eÜz cv_©K¨ we‡kølY Ki|
Gi inm¨ Rvb‡Z Pvb| wZwb e‡jb, G eëmvq mwVKfv‡e cwiPvjbv 22.
Ki‡Z n‡j †µZv‡ì Pvwn`vi cÖwZ jÿ †i‡L `vg wbav©iY Ki‡Z nq|
KviY `vg †ewk n‡j †µZv‡ì Pvwn`v n«vm cvq| wZwb ‡µZvi iæwP I
Af¨vm,cQ›` I AcQ›` BZ¨vw` welqI we‡ePbvi K_v e‡jb|
K. ‡hvMvb w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kx?
L. Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv ej‡Z Kx †evS?
M. DÏxc‡Ki iwdK mv‡ne KZ…©K DwjøwLZ welq¸‡jv Øviv MwVZ
Pvwn`v A‡cÿK e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. D³ Pvwn`v A‡cÿ‡Ki •ewkó¨¸‡jv we‡kølY Ki| K. †iLvi Xvj Kv‡K e‡j?
17. wb‡Pi wP‡Î GKwU Pµ †iLv MN ‡`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GLb wb‡Pi L. PjK I aªæeK GKB bq †Kb?
cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|
M. DÏxc‡K Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbY©q Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki `ªe¨wU wK wejvmRvZ `ªe¨? †Kb?
23.

K. PZz_v©¼ Kx?
L. Pvwn`v I †hvMvb †iLvi Xvj h_vµ‡g FYvZ¥K I abvZ¥K nq †Kb?
M. MN ‡iLvi T we›`y‡Z Zzwg Kxfv‡e Xvj cwigvc Ki‡e?
N. MN ‡iLvi S IT we›`y‡Z Xvj wfbœ nq Kxfv‡e Zv †`LvI|
18. `ywU `ª‡eï Pvwn`v m~wP †Ìqv Av‡Q-
„X‟ `ª‡eï `vg „X‟ `ª‡eï Pvwn`v „Y‟ `ª‡eï Pvwn`v
(GKK)
K. Pvwn`v Kx?
12 UvKv 12 14
L. cwieZ©K `ª‡e¨ Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ Kxiƒc? e¨vL¨v Ki|
14 UvKv 8 18

78
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ST ‡iLvi Xvj wbY©q Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ wP‡Î ST ‡iLv‡K wK †hvMvb †iLv ejv hvq?
DË‡ii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI|
24. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki|

K. Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kv‡K e‡j?

L. cwieZ©K `ª‡eï `vg I Pvwn`vi m¤úK© Kxiƒc?
M. DÏxc‡Ki ÔKÕ wP‡Îi †hvMv‡bi w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbY©q Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki ÔLÕ I ÔMÕ wP‡Îi cÖ`wk©Z Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZvq
Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Ki|
K. †hvMvb Kx? 30. wejøvj †nv‡mb GKRb Avjy eëmvqx| Avjyi `v‡gi cÖwZ †Lqvj †i‡L
L. ¯^vaxb PjK I Aaxb Pj‡Ki g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx? wZwb c‡Yï †hvMvb wbav©iY K‡ib| hw` KL‡bv Avjyi `v‡gi cwieZ©b
M. DÏxc‡Ki SS ‡iLvi Xvj wbY©q Ki| nq Zv n‡j wZwb &Avjy `v‡gi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ msMwZ †i‡L †hvMv‡bi
N. DÏxc‡Ki SS ‡iLv‡K Kx †hvMvb †iLv ejv hvq? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| cwigvY GKwU wbw`©ó nv‡i cwieZ©b K‡ib| Gfv‡e wZwb G eëmvq
25. Qs= -2 + 4P, GKwU †hvMvb A‡cÿK| ‡_‡K cÖPzi gybvdv jvf K‡ib|
K. PjK Kx? K. cwic~iK `ªe¨ Kv‡K e‡j?
L. Aaxb PjK, ¯^vaxb PjK †_‡K Kxfv‡e wfbœ? e¨vL¨v Ki| L. Pvwn`vi ms‡KvPb cÖmvib ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡Ki †_‡K †hvMvb m~wP •Zwi Ki| M. DÏxc‡Ki wejøvj †nv‡m‡bi `v‡gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi
N. DÏxcK †_‡K †hvMvb wewa e¨vL¨v Ki| welqwU w¯wZ¯vcKZvi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|
26. ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï `vg 25 UvKv n‡j †hvMv‡bi cwigvY 20,000 GKK| `vg N. D³ w¯wZ¯vcKZvi wbav©iY¸‡jv we‡kølY Ki|
†e‡o 30 UvKv nIqvq †hvMv‡bi cwigvY †e‡o 24,000 GKK nq| 31. GKwU `ª‡eï Pvwn`v I †hvMvb A‡cÿK wb¤œiƒc-
K. Pvwn`vi Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kx? Qd = 100 - 10P
L. mgq Kxfv‡e †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï †hvMvb‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i? Qs = - 8 + 2 P
M. DÏxc‡Ki †_‡K mswkøó `ªe¨wUi †hvMvb mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| ‡hLv‡b,
N. `ªe¨wUi †hvMvb w¯wZ¯vcKZvi gvb wbY©q Ki Ges djvd‡ji Ici Qd = Pvwn`vi cwigvY
gšÍe¨ Ki| Qs = ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY
27. eZ©gvb wek¦evRv‡i †h K‡qKwU †gvevBj †Kv¤úvwb AvwacZ¨ we¯Ívi P = `vg
K‡i‡Q †bvwKqv Zv‡ì Ab¨Zg| RbM‡Yi Pvwn`v I iæwPi †_‡K K. PjK Kv‡K e‡j?
mvgÄm¨ †Z‡K †Kv¤úvwbwU bZzb bZzb g‡W‡ji †gvevBj ‣Zwi Ki‡Q| L. AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZvi gvb abvZ¥K n‡j `ªe¨ `ywUi cÖK…wZ
m¤úªwZ †Kv¤úvwbwU Ôjywgqv-900Õ I Ôjywgqv-800Õ g‡W‡ji `ywU †dvb Kxiƒc?
evRv‡i G‡b‡Q| D³ g‡W‡ji 5,00,000 ‡gvevBj •Zwi K‡i M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †hvMv‡bi †iLv wbY©q Ki|
‡Kv¤úvwbwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi GKwU wbw`©ó `v‡g 4,00,000 ‡gvevBj N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbY©q Ki Ges `vg
wewµ K‡i| hLb 5 UvKv nq ZLb fvimv‡gï Kxiƒc cwieZ©b nq-e¨vL¨v Ki|
K. Aw¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v Kv‡K e‡j? 32. wb‡Pi Av‡gi evRvi m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ †Ìqv n‡jv
L. Pvwn`v wewa ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? `vg (UvKv) Pvwn`vi cwigvY ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY
M. DÏxc‡K †bvwKqv †Kv¤úvwbi 4,00,000 ‡gvevBj weµ‡qi welqwU (GKK) (GKK)
A_©‣bwZK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 20 50 10
N. D³ welqwU mv‡_ gRy‡ì m¤úK© we‡kølY Ki| 30 40 20
28. ‡Ìqv Av‡Q,Qs = 10+ 5P 40 30 30
‡hLv‡b P `vg, Qs = †hvMv‡Mi cwigvY 50 20 40
K. Pvwn`vi Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kv‡K e‡j? K. †iLvi Xvj Kv‡K e‡j?
L. Pvwn`v wK ïaygvÎ `v‡gi Ici wbf©ikxj? L. A_©bxwZ‡Z ÔgRy`Õ I Ô‡hvMvbÕ wK GK n‡Z cv‡i?
M. cÖ`Ë mgxKiY n‡Z †hvMvb †iLv A¼b Ki| M. DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
N. Dc‡ii mgxKiY †Q` 5 n‡j †hvMvb †iLvi †Kvb ai‡bi cwieZ©b N. evRvi `vg hw` Zvi fvimvg¨ `vg n‡Z wePz¨Z nq Z‡e D™¢zZ
n‡e e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? cwiw¯wZ DÏxc‡Ki wfwË‡Z we‡kølY Ki|
29. 33. ‡Ìqv Av‡Q, Qd = 20-2P
Qs = -4 = 2P
‡hLv‡b,
P = `vg
Qd = Pvwn`vi cwigvY
Qs = ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY
79
K. Pvwn`v Kx? wba©viY K‡i †`Lvb| wZwb wkÿv_©x‡ì e‡jb, G `ywU mgxKiY msL¨v
L. ‡hvMv‡bi Ici mg‡qi cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki| ewm‡qI fvimvg¨ wba©viY Kiv hvq|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbY©q Ki| K. A_©‣bwZK PjK Kv‡K e‡j?
N. `vg 4 UvKv I 8 UvKv n‡j DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K evRvi cwiw¯wZ L. Xvj ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
e¨vL¨v Ki| M. DÏxc‡Ki †`‡jvqvi ingvb KZ…©K D‡jøwLZ mgxKiY `ywUi mvnv‡h¨
34. A_©bxwZi wkÿK ‡`‡jvqvi ingvb GKv`k †kÖwYi wkÿv_x©‡ì K¬v‡m fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wba©viY cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki|
Qd = a-bp I Qs = -C + dp mgxKiY `ywU mvnv‡h¨ fvimvg¨ N. D³ mgxKiY `ywU‡Z msL¨v ewm‡q fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbav©iY
K‡i wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki|

80
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-2 (Set-A)
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. GKRb †fv³vi GKwU `ª‡eï Dci Dc‡hvM m~wP wb¤œiƒc- 2. GKwU c‡U‡Uv wPc‡mi Pvwn`v m~wP wb¤œiƒc-
`ª‡eï GKK ‡gvU Dc‡hvM `vg (UvKv) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (GKK)
1 25 3 18
2 35 6 14
3 42 9 10
4 42 12 6
5 40 K. Pvwn`v wewa Kx? 1
K. Dc‡hvM Kx? 1 L. Pvwn`v wewa wK memgq Kvh©Ki nq? 2
L. †gvU Dc‡hvM n‡”Q cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi mgwó-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ`Ë Z_¨ n‡Z Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
M. DÏxcK †_‡K cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM m~wP •Zwi Ki Ges cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM N. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ ‡_‡K cÖvß Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kb Ggb nq,
†iLv A¼b Ki| 3 hyw³mn †jL| 4
N. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv Ki| 4
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt
1| ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï Afve c~i‡Yi ÿgZv‡K wK e‡j? 9| ‡hvMvb mgxKiY S  3  P n‡j, k~b¨ `v‡g †hvMv‡bi cwigvY-
K) Dc‡hvM L) †fvM K) 4 L)  1
M) Drcv`b N) m¤ú` M)  3 N) 0
2| µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai cÖe³v †K? 10| ‡fv³vi Pvwn`vi Ici wbf©i K‡i-
K) Aa¨vcK Gj. iweb&m L) cj m¨vgy‡qjmb K) †hvMvb L) gRy`
M) Avj‡d«W gvk©vj N) ‡R.Gg.‡KBbm M) f‚wg N) †gvevBj
3| cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM KLb k~b¨ nq? 11. wb‡Pi †KvbwU evRvi fvimvg¨ wb‡`©k K‡i?
K) †gvU Dc‡hvM evo‡Z _vK‡j L) †gvU Dc‡hvM Kg‡Z _vK‡j K) Pvwn`v> †hvMvb L) Pvwn`v  †hvMvb
M) †gvU Dc‡hvM m‡ev©”P n‡j N) †gvU Dc‡hvM me©wb¤œ n‡j
M) Pvwn`v < †hvMvb N) Pvwn`v = †hvMvb
 DÏxcKwU c‡o 4 I 5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 12 I 13 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
`ª‡eï GKK †gvU Dc‡hvM cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
1 15 15
2 ? 7
3 27 5
4 27 ?
4| m~wP Abyhvqx k~b¨¯v‡b cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi gvb KZ?
K) 1 L) 2
M) 0 N) 3 12| wP‡Îi fvimvg¨ we›`y †KvbwU?
5| Pvwn`v †iLvi mgxKiY D  a  bp †Z ' a ' n‡jvÑ K) S L) T
K) aªæeK L) civwgwZ M) R N) M
M) ¯^vaxb PjK N) Aaxb PjK 13| DÏxcK Abyhvqx P1 `v‡g AwZwi³ †hvMv‡bi cwigvY KZ?
6| `vg I Pvwn`vi g‡a¨ wecixZgyLx m¤úK© †Kvb `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î? K) ST L) P1 N
K) wejvmRvZ L) wbK…ó
M) P1T N) MN
M) Af¨vmRvZ N) ¯^vfvweK
14| `ª‡eï †hvMvb AwZwi³ n‡j evRvi `vg-
7| wbK…ó `ª‡eï Aci bvg n‡jv-
K) evo‡e L) Kg‡e
K) gvk©vj `ªe¨ L) †KBÝ `ªe¨
M) k~b¨ n‡e N) Amxg n‡e
M) wM‡db `ªe¨ N) †fe‡jb `ªe¨
15| ‡KvbwU †hvMv‡bi wba©viK bq?
8| wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡eï w¯wZ¯vcKZv †Kvb ai‡bi?
K) Avq L) `ªe¨g~j¨
K) Aw¯wZ¯vcK L) w¯wZ¯vcK
M) we‡µZvi msL¨v N) fwel¨r weµq cÖZ¨kv
M) GKK w¯wZ¯vcK N) Amxg w¯wZ¯vcK

A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
81
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-2 (Set-B)
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. GKRb †fv³vi X `ªe¨ †fv‡Mi cwigvY I cÖvß Dc‡hv‡Mi Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc- 2.
‡fv‡Mi GKK cÖvß †gvU Dc‡hvM
1g 12
2q 20
3q 24
4_© 24
5g 22 K. Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kv‡K e‡j? 1
K. Pvwn`vi n«vm-e„w× Kx? 1 L. cwieZ©K `ª‡eï `vg I Pvwn`vi m¤úK© Kxiƒc? 2
L. cwigvYMZ Dc‡hvM I ch©vqMZ Dc‡hvM GKB bq-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡Ki ÔKÕ wP‡Îi †hvMv‡bi w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbY©q Ki| 3
M. DÏxc‡Ki wfwË‡Z X `ª‡eï cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM m~wP •Zwi Ki| 3 N. DÏxc‡Ki ÔLÕ I ÔMÕ wP‡Îi cÖ`wk©Z Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZvq
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wPÎ A¼bc~e©K †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Ki| 4
Dc‡hv‡Mi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt
1| evRvi Pvwn`v wK ai‡bi aviYv? 8| `ª‡eï `vg e„w× †c‡j Pvwn`vi-
K) mvgwóK L) e¨wóK K) ms‡KvPb n‡e L) cÖmviY n‡e
M) ÿz`ª N) e¨w³MZ M) wKQzB n‡e bv N) AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K
2| mvaviYZ Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ Kxiƒc nq? 9| wb‡Pi †Kvb cY¨wUi Pvwn`v Aw¯wZ¯vcK?
K) EaŸ©Mvgx L) f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj K) †Uwjwfkb L) Mvwo
M) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) wb¤œMvgx M) gvQ N) jeY
3| MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq †hme ivwki gvb ARvbv _v‡K Zv‡K Kx e‡j? 10| ‡hvMv‡bi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wba©viK †KvbwU?
K) PjK L) aªæeK K) cwienb e¨q L) cwic~iK `ª‡eï `vg
M) civwgwZ N) ¯^vaxb PjK M) weKí `ª‡eï `vg N)`ª‡eï wbR¯^ `vg
4| µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai e¨wZµgÑ 11| ‡hvMvb wewa‡K ZvwjKvi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv n‡j Zv‡K e‡j-
i) iæwPi cwieZ©b K) Pvwn`v m~wP L) †hvMvb m~wP
ii) `ª‡eï GKK M) Pvwn`v †iLv N) †hvMvb †iLv
iii) †fvM e„w× 12| Acquas I Libra †Kvb †`wk kã?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) wMÖK L) j¨vwUb
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii M) dviwm N) divwm
 wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 5 I 6bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 13| Pvwn`vi •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
iwng evRvi †_‡K PviwU Kjv µq Kij|‡m 1g Kjv †_‡K 3 UvKvi i) AvKv•ÿv
mgvb †gvU Dc‡hvM †cj| 2q, 3q, 4_© Kjv †_‡K h_vµ‡g 5 UvKv, ii) A_© e¨q Kivi B”Qv
6 UvKv I 7 UvKvi mgvb †gvU Dc‡hvM †cj| iii) e¨q Kivi mvg_©¨
5| DÏxc‡K A_©bxwZ‡Z †Kvb wewawU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) Pvwn`v wewa K) i L) ii M) i I ii N) i, ii I iii
L) †hvMvb wewa 14| Pvwn`v †iLvi Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgxi KviY-
M) µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa i) Avq cÖfve
N) µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa ii) cwieZ©K cÖfve
6| 4_© KjvwU †fvM Kivi †ÿ‡Î cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM KZ n‡e? iii) Pvwn`v wewai cÖfve
K) k~b¨ L) GK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) `yB N) wZb K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
7| Qd  f (P), GLv‡b P Øviv Kx †evSvq? 15| KLb †gvU †hvMvb Pvwn`v‡K AwZµg Ki‡e?
K) Xvj L) A‡cÿK K) `vg Kg‡j L) `vg evo‡j
M) wbf©ikxj PjK N) ¯^vaxb PjK M) `vg w¯i _vK‡j N) `vg k~b¨ n‡j

82
m„Rbkxj As‡ki mv‡Rkb
Drcv`‡bi aviYv I Drcv`b 1. m~wP †_‡K †gvU Drcv`b †iLv (TP) A¼b K‡i Gi Dci gšÍe¨ Ki|
A‡cÿK 2. †gvU, Mo I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wbY©q K‡i wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|
DcKi‡Yi cwieZ©b I Drcv`b; 1. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewawU e¨vL¨v K‡iv| GB wewa wK ‡Kej K…wl‡ÿ‡ÎB cÖ‡hvR¨? we‡kølY Ki|
gvÎvMZ Drcv`b (µgn«vmgvb, 2. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wK µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©-we‡kølY Ki|
µgea©gvb I mgvbycvwZK) 3. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b wewawU wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki|
¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b e¨q 1. Mo w¯i e¨q I Mo cwieZ©bxq e¨q wbY©q K‡i wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
2. Mo w¯i e¨q †iLv A¼b K‡i Zvi AvK…wZi Ici gšÍe¨ Ki|
`xN©Kvjxb Drcv`b e¨q 1. wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †gvU w¯i e¨‡qi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki|
†gvU, Mo I cÖvwšÍK e¨q 1. ‡gvU LiP (TC) wbY©q K‡i wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|
2. Mo I cÖvwšÍK e¨q wbY©q K‡i wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|
3. †gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q (TVC) †iLvwU A¼b Ki|
4. cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC) m~wP cÖ¯‧Z K‡i wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|
5. wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ AC †iLvi A¼b c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki|
6. Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q (AVC) †iLvi AvK…wZi Ici gšÍe¨ Ki|
7. Mo e¨q I cÖvwšÍK e¨q †iLvi ZzjbvgyjK Ae¯vb e¨vL¨v Ki|
8. wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ AC I MC Gi m¤úK© we‡kølY Ki|
9. m~wP n‡Z TC (‡gvU e¨q) I AC (Mo e¨q) wbY©q K‡i AvK…wZi Ici gšÍe¨ Ki|
‡gvU, Mo I cÖvwšÍK Avq 1. ‡gvU, Mo I cÖvwšÍK Avq (MR)wbY©q Ki|

 A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b ej‡Z `ª‡e¨i bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó‡K †evSvq|

 A_©bxwZwe` †d«kvi e‡j, ÔÔhw` †fvM ej‡Z Dc‡hvM e¨envi †evSvq, Z‡e Drcv`b ej‡Z Dc‡hvM m„wó †evSvq|
 Aa¨vcK Ôgvk©v‡ji g‡Z,ÔG e¯‧RM‡Z gvbyl cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë e¯‧‡K AwaKZi Dc‡hvMx K‡i †Zvjvi D‡Ï‡k¨ Giƒc cybwe©b¨vm K‡i hv‡Z Zv‡K AwaKZi
Kvhv©c‡hvMx Kiv hvq|
 Drcv`‡bi †kÖwYwefvM: Drcv`b ej‡Z Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv‡K †evSvq| gvbyl e¯‧i iƒc, ¯vb, mgq, †mev, ¯^Z¡ BZ¨vw`i cwieZ©b NwU‡q Dc‡hvM m„wó
Ki‡Z cv‡i| wb‡P Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ iƒc eY©bv Kiv n‡jv-
 iƒcMZ Drcv`b: gvbyl cÖK…wZ cª`Ë e¯‧i iƒc ev AvKvi cwieZ©b K‡i †h Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i Zv‡K iƒcMZ Drcv`b e‡j| †hgb-KvV †_‡K †Pqvi,
†Uwej; Zzjv †_‡K Kvco BZ¨vw`|
 ¯’vbMZ Drcv`b: ‡Kv‡bv `ªe¨ GK ¯vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯vb cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g †h Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv _v‡K Zv‡K ¯vbMZ Drcv`b e‡j| †hgb-ivRkvnxi
Avg XvKvq Avb‡j Dc‡hvM ev‡o| MÖvgvÂj †_‡K kvKmewR kn‡i Avb‡jI Dc‡hvM AwaK e„w× cvq|

83
 mgqMZ Drcv`b: ‡Kvb `ªe¨ Drcv`b K‡i Ab¨ mg‡q wewµi Rb¨ gRy` K‡i ivL‡j Dc‡hvM e„w× cvq| †hgb- avb, Avjy, Wvj wKQzw`b gRy` †i‡L
msKUKv‡j wewµ Ki‡j Dc‡hvM e„w× cvq|
 †mevMZ Drcv`b: gvby‡li kÖg I †mevMZ Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g †h Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv nq Zv‡K †mevMZ Drcv`b e‡j| †hgb-Wv³vi, bvm©, wkÿK, MvqK
cÖf…wZ †mevMZ Drcv`‡bi D`vniY|
 ¯^Ë¡MZ Drcv`b: †Kv‡bv e¯‧i ¯^Z¡ ev gvwjKvbv n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii gva¨‡g †h Dc‡hvM m„wó nq Zv‡K ¯^Z¡MZ Drcv`b e‡j| †hgb-evwo, Mvwo hš¿cvwZ BZ¨vw`i
gvwjKvbv n¯ÍvšÍi|
 Drcv`‡bi DcKiY: Drcv`b ej‡Z cÖavbZ K…wl Drcv`b I wkí Drcv`b‡K †evSvq| Drcv`b cÖwµqv‡Z e¨eüZ mxwgZ †hvMvb wewkó †h ‡Kv‡bv e¯‧
ev †mev‡K Drcv`‡bi DcKiY ejv nq| G PviwU DcKiY n‡jv- K. f‚wg L. kÖg M. g~jab I N. msMVb| Z‡e AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe`MY Drcv`‡bi
cÂg DcKiY wn‡m‡e cÖhyw³‡K wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb|
 f‚wg: A_©bxwZ‡Z f‚wg ej‡Z cÖK…wZi mKj `vb‡KB †evSvq, hv gvbyl m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Ges hv Drcv`‡bi mnvqK| †hgb-f‚c„ô, f‚c„‡ôi Ae¯vb I
De©iZv, LwbR `ªe¨, ebR m¤ú`, grm¨ m¤ú`, Av‡jv-evZvm, Zvc, AvenvIqv, m~h©wKiY, b`x, mgy`,ª cvnvo-ce©Z, giæf‚wg BZ¨vw` cÖvK…wZK
m¤ú`‡K f‚wg e‡j| f‚wgi ‣ewkó¨: f‚wg n‡jv Drcv`‡bi Avw` I †g․wjK Dcv`vb|
 f‚wg cÖK…wZi `vb  f‚wgi †hvMvb mxgve×  f‚wgi Drcv`b e¨q †bB  f‚wg ¯vbvšÍi‡hvM¨ bq
 f‚wg wPi¯vqx  De©iZv I Ae¯vwbK myweavi cv_©K¨  µgn«vmgvb Drcv`b wewai cÖfve

 f‚wgi †ÿ‡Î µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai Kvh©KvwiZv wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv-

GB Aa¨v‡qi (CQ) wfwWI K¬vm

†c‡Z Avgv‡K e¨envi Ki|

 kÖg: kÖg n‡jv Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY| A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`‡b wb‡qvwRZ gvby‡li †h •`wnK I gvbwmK cwikÖ‡gi wewbg‡q cvwikÖwgK ev `vg †`Iqv
nq, Zv‡K kÖg e‡j|
Aa¨vcK gvk©vj e‡jb ÒgvbwmK ev kvixwiK †h‡Kv‡bv cÖKvi AvswkK A_ev m¤ú~Y© cwikÖg hv Avb›` Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ai‡bi DcKvi mivmwi cvIqvi
D‡Ïk¨ Kiv nq Zv‡K kªg e‡j|Ó
 kÖ‡gi •ewkó¨: kÖg Drcv`‡bi †g․wjK I wØZxq Dcv`vb| kÖ‡gi †hme •ewkó¨ i‡q‡Q Zv wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-
 kÖg Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vb  kÖg‡K c„_K Kiv hvq bv  kÖg GKwU RxešÍ Dcv`vb
 kÖg MwZkxj  kÖg mev©‡cÿv bk¦i `ªe¨  kÖ‡gi †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©b mgqmv‡cÿ
 kÖ‡gi `iKlvKwli ÿgZv Kg kÖ‡gi †hvMvb I gRywi nv‡ii m¤ú©K wecixZ  kÖwgK kÖg weµq K‡i, wb‡R‡K bq

 g~jab: A_©bxwZ‡Z †hme `ªe¨mvgMÖx gvby‡li kÖ‡gi Øviv Drcvw`Z Ges mivmwi †fv‡Mi Rb¨ e¨eüZ bv n‡q cybivq Drcv`‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wb‡qvwRZ nq
‡m¸‡jv‡K g~jab e‡j| A_©bxwZwe` eg- evIqv‡K©i g‡Z, Òg~jab n‡jv Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb|Ó

 msMVb: Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ DcKiY‡K mymsNe×fv‡e mgš^q mvab K‡i Aí e¨‡q AwaK cwigv‡Y Drcv`b Kivi cwiPvjb c×wZ‡K msMVb ejv nq|

 msMVK ev D‡`¨v³v: †Kv‡bv eëmvq cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK I eëmvq cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPvjK †h PviwU Drcv`b Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab K‡i, Zv‡K
msMVK ev D‡`¨v³v ejv nq| Drcv`‡bi ¸iæ`vwqZ¡ en‡bi Rb¨ msMVK ev D‡`¨v³v‡K Kgv©a¨ÿ ejv nq| Aa¨vcK gvk©vj msMVb ev D‡`¨v³v‡K
Ôwk‡íi PvjK ev cÖfzÕ e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb|
 cÖhyw³ : AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe`MY Drcv`‡bi cÂg Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e cÖhyw³ Ávb‡K wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb| mvaviYZ DbœZ hš¿cvwZ I Zvi eënvi‡K cÖhyw³
e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq|
 Drcv`b A‡cÿK: AvaywbK DbœZ Kjv‡K․kjMZ eë¯vq Dcv`vb I Drcv`‡bi wµqvMZ m¤úK©‡K Drcv`b A‡cÿK ejv nq| A_©vr Drcv`‡bi
Dcv`vbmg~‡ni wewfbœ mgš^‡q †h wewfbœ cwigvY Drcv`b m¤¢e Zvi Kjv‡K․kjMZ ÁvbB n‡jv Drcv`b A‡cÿK ev Drcv`b wµqv|
Drcv`b A‡cÿK m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv hvq| Drcv`b A‡cÿ‡Ki m~ÎwU n‡jv- Q  f (L a , L b , K , O, A)
GLv‡b, Q  Drcv`b f  A‡cÿK L a  f‚wg L b  kÖg K  g~jab O  msMVb A  `ÿZvi mnM

 mvaviYZ Drcv`b A‡cÿK `yB cÖKvi| h_v-

1. ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿK, 2. `xN©Kvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿK|
 ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿK: ‡h Drcv`b A‡cÿ‡K w¯i DcKiY Ges cwieZ©bxq DcKiY DfqUvB _v‡K Zv‡K ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿK e‡j|
Q  f (L.K )
GLv‡b, Q = Drcv`‡bi cwigvY f= A‡cÿK L= kÖg K= g~jab
G‡ÿ‡Î A‡cÿKwU‡Z kÖg (L) I g~jab (K) DfqB cwieZ©bkxj| ZvB A‡cÿKwU GKwU `xN©‡gqvw` A‡cÿK|
 †gvU Drcv`b, Mo Drcv`b I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`‡bi aviYvmg~n:

 ‡gvU Drcv`b (TP): Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q †Kv‡bv DcKi‡Yi wewfbœ GKK wb‡qvM K‡i †h e¯‧MZ Drcv`b m„wó nq, Zvi mgwó‡K †gvU
Drcv`b e‡j|
 Mo Drcv`b (AP): Drcv`b †ÿ‡Îi wewfbœ GKK †_‡K cÖvß Drcv`‡bi mgwó‡K †gvU Drcv`b ejv nq| Avi G †gvU Drcv`b‡K †gvU wb‡qvMK…Z
DcKi‡Yi cwigvY Øviv fvM Ki‡j hv cvIqv hvq Zv‡K Mo Drcv`b (AP) e‡j| hw` Drcv`b A‡cÿK Q=f(L) nq, Zvn‡j Mo Drcv`b
TP
AP  n‡e|
L

85
 cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (MP): Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv DcKiY AwZwi³ GK GKK cwieZ©b Ki‡j †gvU Drcv`b hZUzKz cwieZ©b nq Zv‡K cÖvwšÍK
Q
Drcv`b e‡j| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b cwigv‡ci m~ÎwU n‡jv- MP  |
L
 cwieZ©bxq Dcv`vb AbycvZ wewa: DcKiY-Drcv`b m¤úK©
w¯’i Dcv`vb cwieZ©bxq ‡gvU Drcv`b Mo Drcv`b cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b chv©q
Dcv`vb (TP) (AP) (MP)
1 GKK 1 GKK 5 GKK 5 GKK 5 GKK 1g chv©q
1 GKK 2 GKK 12 GKK 6 GKK 7 GKK
1 GKK 3 GKK 18 GKK 6 GKK 6 GKK 2q chv©q
1 GKK 4 GKK 20 GKK 5GKK 2 GKK
1 GKK 5 GKK 20 GKK 4 GKK 0 GKK
1 GKK 6 GKK 18 GKK 3 GKK -2 GKK 3q chv©q
1 GKK 7 GKK 14 GKK 2 GKK -4 GKK
 wb‡P †gvU, Mo I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`‡bi ga¨Kvi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv-
 Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î †gvU Drcv`b (AP) µgea©gvb nv‡i evo‡j Mo Drcv`b (AP) Ges cªvwšÍK Drcv`b (MP) evo‡Z _v‡K| G‡ÿ‡Î Mo Drcv`b
(AP) †h nv‡i e„w× cvq, cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (MP) Zvi †_‡K †ewk nv‡i e„w× cvq| ZvB cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (MP) †iLv Mo Drcv`b (AP) †iLvi
Dc‡i Ae¯vb K‡i|
 ‡gvU Drcv`b (TP) µgn«vmgvb nv‡i evo‡j Mo Drcv`b (AP) I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (MP) Kg‡Z ïiæ K‡i| Z‡e Mo Drcv`b (AP) †h nv‡i K‡g
cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (MP) Zvi †_‡K AwaK nv‡i K‡g| G chv©‡q cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (MP) †iLv Mo Drcv`b (AP) †iLvi wb‡P Ae¯vb K‡i|
 †gvU Drcv`b (TP) n«vm †c‡j cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (MP) FYvZ¥K nq; wKš‧ Mo Drcv`b (AP) abvZ¥K _v‡K| G chv©‡q cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (MP)
†iLv f‚wg A‡ÿi wb‡P †b‡g hvq; wKš‧ Mo Drcv`b (AP) †iLv f‚wg A‡ÿi Dc‡i Ae¯vb K‡i|
 †gvU Drcv`b (TP) m‡ev©”P chv©‡q †c․uQv‡j cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (MP) k~b¨ nq| G mgq MP †iLv f‚wg Aÿ‡K †Q` K‡i|
 †Kv‡bv Drcv`b cÖwZôv‡bi Mo Drcv`b (AP) m‡ev©”P chv©‡q †c․uQv‡j Mo Drcv`b (AP) I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (MP) ci¯úi mgvb nq| G‡ÿ‡Î
Mo I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b †iLv ci¯úi‡K †Q` K‡i|
 Drcv`b wewa: Drcv`b wewa‡K cÖavbZ wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v-
1. µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa 2. mgvbycvwZK ev w¯i cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa I 3. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
 µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa:
Rwgi cwigvY (GKi) kÖg I g~jab (nvRvi) ‡gvU Drcv`b (TP) gY cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (MP) (gY)
1 10 4 4
1 20 10 6
1 30 20 10
1 40 35 15
1 50 55 20

 mgvbycvwZK ev w¯’i cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa:

Rwgi cwigvY (GKK) kÖg I g~jab (nvRvi) ‡gvU Drcv`b (TP) gY cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (MP) gY
1 10 10 10
1 20 20 10
1 30 30 10
1 40 40 10
1 50 50 10

86
 µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa : A_©bxwZi Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †g․wjK bxwZi g‡a¨ µgn«vmgvb cªvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa Ab¨Zg| µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK
Drcv`b wewa Abyhvqx, ÔGKLÐ f‚wg‡Z K…wl‡ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bviƒc Dbœqb e¨wZ‡i‡K ewa©Z nv‡i kÖg I g~jab cÖ‡qvM Kivi d‡j Drcv`b Av‡Mi †P‡q
AvbycvwZK nv‡i Kg e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K|
 cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai AbywgZ kZv©ewj n‡jv-
 f‚wgi cwigvY I De©iZv w¯i  ¯^íKvjxb Kjv‡K․kj w¯i
 Drcv`‡bi Kjv‡K․kj w¯i  Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY w¯i Ae¯vq kÖg I g~jab cwieZ©bxq
 cwieZ©bxq DcKi‡Yi GKK mg~n mgRvZxq|  DcKi‡Yi AbycvZ w¯i
 ZvwjKvq µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa:
f‚wgi cwigvY kÖg I g~jab ‡gvU Drcv`b (TP) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (MP)
1 †n±i 100 UvKv 20 KzB›Uvj 10 KzB›Uvj
1 †n±i 200 UvKv 50 KzB›Uvj 30 KzB›Uvj
1 †n±i 300 UvKv 70 KzB›Uvj 20 KzB›Uvj
1 †n±i 400 UvKv 80 KzB›Uvj 10 KzB›Uvj

 µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`bwewai e¨wZµg:

87
 µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa cÖ‡qv‡Mi †ÿÎ:

 gvÎvMZ Drcv`b : me Dcv`vb GKB Abycv‡Z cwiewZ©Z n‡j Drcv`b‡ÿ‡Î †h cwieZ©b nq, Zv‡K gvÎvMZ Drcv`b ev ÔwiUvb©m Uz †¯‥jÕ returns
to scale e‡j|gvÎvMZ Drcv`b wZb cÖKvi|
h_v- 1. µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b 2. w¯i ev mgvbycvwZK gvÎvMZ Drcv`b I 3. µgn«vmgvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b
 µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b: Dcv`v‡bi gvÎv †h nv‡i ev‡o Drcv`b Zvi †P‡q AwaK nv‡i e„w× †c‡j, Zv‡K µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b ejv nq|
kÖg I g~jab (L & K)
Rwgi cwigvY ‡gvU Drcv`b cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b
kªg g~jab
1 GKi 1 1 10 10
1 GKi 2 2 25 15
1 GKi 3 3 45 20
‡h †iLv Øviv `ywU Dcv`v‡bi wewfbœ mswgkÖ‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ mgcwigvY
`ª‡e¨i Drcv`b †`Lv‡bv nq, Zv‡K mg Drcv`b †iLv e‡j|
[

2. w¯’i ev mgvbycvwZK gvÎvMZ Drcv`b:

kÖg I g~jab
Rwgi cwigvY ‡gvU Drcv`b cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b
kªg g~jab
1 GKi 1 1 10 10
1 GKi 2 2 20 10
1 GKi 3 3 30 10

88
µgn«vmgvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b:
kÖg I g~jab
Rwgi cwigvY ‡gvU Drcv`b cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b
kªg g~jab
1 GKi 1 1 10 10
1 GKi 2 2 15 6
1 GKi 3 3 18 3

 Drcv`b Kv‡R †h cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿ kÖg wbhy³ nq Ges Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ g~jab msMÖn Ki‡Z †h mshg ev cÖZxÿvi cÖ‡qvRb nq, †mme cÖ‡Póv I
Z¨v‡Mi mgwó‡KB Drcv`b e¨q ejv nq| ZvB Drcv`b e¨q wb¤œiƒc-C=w+r+i+c+A+T
‡hLv‡b,
C = Drcv`b e¨q w = kÖ‡gi gRywi r =f‚wgi LvRbv i = g~ja‡bi my` c = Drcv`‡Ki gybvdv A= weÁvcb LiP T= cwienb LiP
 ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b e¨q wKš‧ A_©bxwZ‡Z ¯^íKvj ej‡Z †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mgq‡K †evSvq bv eis †h mg‡q Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î w¯i e¨q I cwieZb©kxj e¨q
we‡ewPZ nq| ZvB ¯^íKvjxb †gvU e¨q (STC) n‡jv †gvU w¯i LiP (TFC) I ‡gvU cwieZ©bxq LiP (TVC) Gi †hvMdj| A_©vr STC =
TFC+TVC|

 `xN©Kvjxb Drcv`b e¨q : `xN©Kvj ej‡Z K‡qK eQi

mgqKvj‡K †evSvq| A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î †h mgq
†Kv‡bv w¯i e¨q _v‡K bv, †m mgq‡K `xN©Kvj ejv nq|

 †gvU e¨q: ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cwigvY `ªe¨ Drcv`b Ki‡Z †h cwigvY †gvU A_© e¨q nq, Zv‡K †gvU e¨q (TC) e‡j|
 ¯^íKvjxb †gvU e¨q: ‡h mgq †gqv‡` GKwU dvg© Drcv`‡bi w¯i DcKiY cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv ïay cwieZ©bxq DcKiY cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i,
Zv‡K ¯^í Kvj ejv nq|w¯i DcKi‡Yi e¨q ej‡Z Rwgi `vg, ¯vqx hš¿cvwZi `vg, ¯vqx Kg©Pvixi †eZb, we`y¨r wej BZ¨vw` †evSvq| dv‡g©i
¯^íKvjxb †gvU e¨q ej‡Z w¯i DcKi‡Yi e¨q Ges cwieZ©bxq DcKi‡Yi e¨‡qi mgwó‡K †evSv‡bv nq|
GLv‡b, STC=TFC+TVC STC=¯^íKvjxb †gvU e¨q TFC= †gvU w¯i e¨q TVC= †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q
myZivs ¯^íKvjxb †gvU e¨q (STC) `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v- 1. †gvU w¯i e¨q I 2. †gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q
 †gvU w¯’i e¨q: `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡Yi n«vme„w×i d‡j †h e¨‡qi ‡Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv, Zv‡K w¯i e¨q e‡j| Avi †h Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb ¯^í
†gqv‡` `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †h my®úó w¯i e¨q Ges AšÍwb©wnZ e¨q enb K‡i, Zvi mgwó‡K †gvU w¯i e¨q (TFC) e‡j| we`y¨r, cvwb, M¨vm,
†Uwj‡dvb, kÖwg‡Ki †eZb, Ki cÖ`vb BZ¨vw` my®úó w¯i e¨q Ges dv‡g©i wewìs, KviLvbvi hš¿cvwZ, D‡`¨v³vi cvwikÖwgK BZ¨vw` AšÍwb©wnZ e¨q|
 †gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q: `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi cwigvY cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ †h e¨q cwieZ©b nq, Zv‡K cwieZ©bkxj e¨q e‡j| Avi Drcv`‡b wb‡qvwRZ
wewfbœ cwieZ©bkxj Dcv`v‡bi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv dvg© †h cwigvY e¨q Ki‡Z cÖ¯‧Z _v‡K, Zv‡K †gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q (TVC) e‡j| †gvU cwieZ©bkxj
e¨q †iLv g~j we›`y †_‡K ïiæ nq| KvuPvgvj µq, kÖwg‡Ki gRywi, R¡vjvwb BZ¨vw` cwieZ©bkxj e¨q|

89
Drcv`b ‡gvU w¯i e¨q ‡gvU cwieZ©bkxj ‡gvU e¨q (TC=TFC+TVC)
(TFC) e¨q (TVC)
0 GKK 10 UvKv 0 UvKv 10 UvKv
1 GKK 10 UvKv 5 UvKv 15 UvKv
2 GKK 10 UvKv 10 UvKv 20 UvKv
3 GKK 10 UvKv 15 UvKv 25 UvKv
4 GKK 10 UvKv 20 UvKv 30 UvKv

 `xN©Kvjxb †gvU e¨q : `xN©Kvj ej‡Z †evSvq, †h mgq †gqv‡` †Kv‡bv w¯i Dcv`vb _v‡K bv, mKj Dcv`vbB cwieZ©bxq| A_©vr, `xN©Kvj dv‡g©i
†Kv‡bv w¯i e¨q _v‡K bv| KviY, `xN©Kv‡j dvg© w¯i Dcv`vb‡KI cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB `xN©Kvjxb †gvU e¨q ej‡Z ïay cwieZ©bxq LiP‡KB
†evSvq|

 Mo e¨q : ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cwigvY`ªe¨ Drcv`b Ki‡Z †h cwigvY †gvU A_© A_© e¨q nq, Zv‡K Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï †gvU cwigvY w`‡q fvM Ki‡j GKK
cÖwZ e¨q ev Mo e¨q cvIqv hvq| Mo e¨q‡K wb¤œwjwLZ m~‡Î cÖKvk Kiv hvq-
†gvU e¨q TC
Mo e¨q = Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï †gvU cwigvY| ev, AC=
Q
GLv‡b, AC = Mo e¨q TC = †gvU e¨q Q= Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï †gvU cwigvY|
1000
g‡b Kwi, 100wU `ªe¨ •Zix Ki‡Z †gvU 1,000 UvKv e¨q nq| Mo e¨q (AC) = 100 = 10 UvKv|
mg‡qi wfwË‡Z Mo e¨q `yB ai‡bi n‡q _v‡K| h_v- ¯^íKvjxb Mo e¨q I `xN©‡gqvw` Mo e¨q|
 ¯^íKvjxb Mo e¨q: ¯^íKvj ej‡Z Ggb GK mgq †gqv`‡K †evSvq hLb dv‡g©i mKj e¨q cwieZ©bkxj e¨q bq Ges wKQz w¯i e¨q enb Ki‡Z nq|
ZvB ¯^íKvjxb Mo e¨q (SAC) n‡jv ¯^íKvjxb Mo w¯i e¨q (AFC) Ges Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q (AVC) Gi †hvMdj|
STC TFC TVC
A_©vr, SAC = ev, SAC   ev, SAC = AFC + AVC
Q Q Q
‡hLv‡b, SAC = Short Run Average Cost (¯^íKvjxb Mo e¨q) STC= Short Run Total Cost (¯^íKvjxb †gvU e¨q)
TFC= Total Fixed Cost (‡gvU w¯i e¨q) TVC= Total Variable Cost (‡gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q)
Q= Quantity of Production (Drcv`‡bi cwigvY) AFC= Average Fixed Cost (Mo w¯i e¨q)
AVC= Average Variable Cost (Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q)
¯^íKvjxb Ae¯vq Mo e¨‡qi `ywU Ask _v‡K| h_v- 1. Mo w¯i e¨q I 2. Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q|
 Mo w¯’i e¨q: ‡gvU Drcv`b Øviv fvM Ki‡j Mo w¯i e¨q (AFC) cvIqv hvq| Drcv`b e„w× †c‡j Mo w¯i µgk n«vm cv‡e| Mo w¯i e¨q †Kej
¯^íKvjxb mg‡qB _v‡K| Mo w¯i e¨q‡K wb¤œwjwLZ m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv hvq|-
†gvU w¯i e¨q TFC
Mo w¯i e¨q = ‡gvU Drcv`b ev, AFC  GLv‡b, AFC  Mo w¯i e¨q, TFC= †gvU w¯i e¨q, Q= †gvU Drcv`b
Q
 Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q : †gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q‡K †gvU Drcv`b Øviv fvM Ki‡j Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q (AVC) cvIqv hvq| Drcv`‡bi †Mvovi w`‡K
µgea©gvb Drcv`b wewa Kvh©Ki nq e‡j Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q †Mvovi w`‡K n«vm cvq Ges Ae‡k‡l µgn«vmgvb Drcv`b wewai Rb¨ Mo
cwieZ©bkxj e¨q e„w× cvq| Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q‡K wb¤œwjwLZ m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv hvq|
‡gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q TVC
Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q = †gvU Drcv`b ev, AVC  Q
GLv‡b,AVC= Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q TVC= †gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q Q= ‡gvU Drcv`b|
 ¯^íKvjxb Mo e¨q †iLvi AvK…wZ: ¯^íKv‡j †gvU Drcv`b e¨q‡K †gvU Drcv`‡bi cwigvY w`‡q fvM K‡i ¯^íKvjxb Mo e¨q SAC cvIqv hvq|
Drcv`b e„w× †c‡Z _vK‡j cÖ_g Ae¯vq SAC n«vm cvq| n«vm †c‡Z †c‡Z Drcv`‡bi GKchv©‡q SAC me©wb¤œ chv©‡q †c․u‡Q| me©wb¤œ chv©‡q

90
†c․uQv‡bvi ci Drcv`b AviI e„w× †c‡j Mo e¨q SAC e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| d‡j SAC †iLv Bs‡iwR BD U AvK…wZi nq| wb‡P Mo w¯i e¨q
(AFC)Ges Mo cwieZ©©bkxj e¨q (AVC) Gi mgš^‡q ¯^íKvjxb Mo e¨q SAC †iLv A¼b K‡i ‡`Lv‡bv n‡jv|

 `xN©Kvjxb Mo e¨q †iLvi AvK…wZ:

 cÖvwšÍK e¨q: AwZwi³ GK GKK Drcv`b e„w× Ki‡j †gvU Drcv`b e¨‡qi mv‡_ †h AwZwi³ e¨q hy³ nq, Zv‡K cÖvwšÍK e¨q e‡j|
†gvU e¨‡qi cwieZ©b TC
cÖvwšÍK e¨q = ‡gvU Drcv`‡bi cwieZ©b Drcv`b ev, MC=
Q
GLv‡b, MC= cÖvwšÍK e¨q TC = ‡gvU e¨‡qi cieZ©b Q = †gvU Drcv`‡bi cwieZ©b
Drcv`‡bi cwigvY (Q) ‡gvU e¨q (TC) Mo e¨q (AC) cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC)
1 GKK 100 UvKv 100 UvKv 100 UvKv
1 GKK 180 UvKv 90 UvKv 80 UvKv
3 GKK 240 UvKv 80 UvKv 60 UvKv
4 GKK 280 UvKv 70 UvKv 40 UvKv
5 GKK 350 UvKv 70 UvKv 70 UvKv
6 GKK 480 UvKv 80 UvKv 130 UvKv
7 GKK 630 UvKv 90 UvKv 150 UvKv

Drcv`b e¨‡qi ZvwjKv

Drcv`‡bi cwigvY (Q) ‡gvU e¨q (TC) Mo e¨q (AC) cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC)
1 GKK 100 UvKv 100 UvKv 100 UvKv
2 GKK 180 UvKv 90 UvKv 80 UvKv
3 GKK 240 UvKv 80 UvKv 60 UvKv
4 GKK 280 UvKv 70 UvKv 40 UvKv
5 GKK 350 UvKv 70 UvKv 70 UvKv
6 GKK 480 UvKv 80 UvKv 130 UvKv
7 GKK 630 UvKv 90 UvKv 150 UvKv

91
 Drcv`‡bi g~j jÿ¨ n‡jv gybvdv AR©b Kiv| Drcv`bKvix Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ weµq K‡i gy`ªv Avq K‡i| Drcv`bKvixi Avq‡K wZb †kÖwY‡Z fvM Kiv
hvq| h_v- 1. †gvU Avq 2. Mo Avq I 3. cÖvwšÍK Avq
 †gvU Avq: †Kv‡bv Drcv`bKvix Drcvw`Z mKj `ªe¨ weµq K‡i †h cwigvY `ªe¨ gy`ªv jvf K‡i, Zv‡K †gvU Avq e‡j|
G‡ÿ‡Î †gvU Avq = 10×100 = 1,000 UvKv| ‡gvU Av‡qi m~ÎwU n‡jv- ‡gvU Avq = `vg × weµ‡qi cwigvY| ev, TR=P×Q
GLv‡b, TR= ‡gvU Avq, P= `vg, Q= weµ‡qi cwigvY|
 Mo Avq : ‡Kv‡bv Drcv`bKvixi GKKcÖwZ Drcv`‡bi Avq‡K Mo Avq e‡j| A_©vr †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ weµq K‡i GKK cÖwZ †h Avq nq, Zv‡K Mo Avq
e‡j| g‡b Kwi, 100 GK‡K `ªe¨ weµq K‡i 1000 UvKv Avq nq|
1000 ‡gvU Avq
G‡ÿ‡Î Mo Avq = 100 = 10 UvKv Mo Av‡qi m~ÎwU n‡jv - Mo Avq = weµ‡qi cwigvY
TR
ev, AR  GLv‡b, AR= Mo Avq TR= ‡gvU Avq, Q= weµ‡qi cwigvY|
Q
cÖvwšÍK Avq :‡Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i AwZwi³ GK GKK weµq Ki‡j †gvU Av‡qi mv‡_ †h cwigvY Avq †hvM nq A_ev GK GKK Kg weµq Ki‡j †gvU
Avq n‡Z †h cwigvY Avq K‡g, Zv‡K cªvwšÍK Avq e‡j| ‡m‡ÿ‡Î cÖvwšÍK Avq = (1,100-1,000) = 100 UvKv
‡gvU Av‡qi cwieZ©b TR
cÖvwšÍK Av‡qi m~ÎwU n‡jv- cÖvwšÍK Avq = †gvU weµ‡qi cwieZ©b ev, MR= GLv‡b, MR = cÖvwšÍK Avq
Q
TR  †gvU Av‡qi cwieZ©b Q = ‡gvU weµ‡qi cwieZ©b|
 c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~j evRv‡i dv‡g©i †gvU Avq, Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq:
weµ‡qi
cÖwZ GKK `ª‡e¨i `vg ‡gvU Avq Mo Avq cÖvwšÍK Avq
cwigvY
(P) (TR) (AR) (MR)
(Q)
5 UvKv 1 GKK 5 UvKv 5 UvKv 5 UvKv
5 UvKv 2GKK 10 UvKv 5 UvKv 5 UvKv
5 UvKv 3 GKK 15 UvKv 5 UvKv 5 UvKv
5 UvKv 4 GKK 20 UvKv 5 UvKv 5 UvKv
5 UvKv 5 GKK 25 UvKv 5 UvKv 5 UvKv

 Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i dv‡g©i †gvU Avq, Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq

cÖwZ GKK `ª‡e¨i weµ‡qi cwigvY Mo Avq cÖvwšÍK Avq
‡gvU Avq (TR)
`vg (P) (Q) (AR) (MR)
10 UvKv 1 GKK 10 UvKv 10 UvKv 10 UvKv
9 UvKv 2GKK 18 UvKv 9 UvKv 8 UvKv
8 UvKv 3 GKK 24 UvKv 8 UvKv 6 UvKv
7 UvKv 4 GKK 28 UvKv 7 UvKv 4 UvKv
6 UvKv 5 GKK 30 UvKv 6 UvKv 2 UvKv

Q‡K AvKv‡i Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡qi mnR mgvavb

Ávbg~jK cÖkœ I DËi cÖkœ: cÖvwšÍK e¨q Kv‡K e‡j?

92
DËi:†Kv‡bv `ª‡eï †gvU Drcv`‡bi AwZwi³ GK GKK Drcv`v‡bi Rb¨ DËi: f‚wg, kÖg I g~jab‡K GKwÎZ K‡i whwb Drcv`b KvR cwiPvjbv
†h AwZwi³ e¨q enb Ki‡Z nq Zv‡K cÖvwšÍK e¨q e‡j| K‡ib Zv‡K msMVK ev D‡`¨v³v ejv nq|
cÖkœ: Drcv`b Kx? cÖkœ: †K wk‡íi AMÖMwZ mvab K‡i?
DËi:DcKiY ev cÖv_wgK `ªe¨ eënvi K‡i bZzb †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ ev Dc‡hvM DËi: msMVK wk‡íi AMÖMwZ mvab K‡i|
m„wói cÖwµqv‡K Drcv`b e‡j| cÖkœ: msMVK Kxfv‡e wk‡íi AMÖMwZ mvab K‡i?
cÖkœ: A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b ej‡Z wK †evSvq? DËi:msMVK gybvdvi bZzb bZzb c_ Avwe®‥vi K‡i wk‡íi AMÖMwZ mvab
DËi: A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b ej‡Z Dc‡hvM m„wó‡K ‡evSvq| K‡i|
cÖkœ: cwieZ©bxq e¨q Kx? cªkœ: Drcv`b A‡cÿK Kx?
DËi: `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi cwigvY cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ †h e¨q cwieZ©b nq DËi: Dcv`vb wb‡qv‡Mi Ici Drcv`‡bi wbf©ikxjZvi m¤úK©‡K Drcv`b
ZvB cwieZ©bkxj e¨q| A‡cÿK e‡j|
cÖkœ: gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx? cÖkœ: gvÎvMZ Drcv`b wewa ej‡Z wK †evS?
DËi: DcKi‡Yi gvÎv cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î †h cwieZ©b ev DËi: DcKi‡Yi gvÎv cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î †h cwieZ©b ev
cÖfve †`Lv †`q ZvB gvÎvMZ Drcv`b| cÖfve †`Lv †`q Zv‡K gvÎvMZ Drcv`b wewa e‡j|
cÖkœ: Drcv`‡bi DcKiY¸‡jv Kx Kx? cÖkœ: ¯^í Kvj Kx?
DËi: Drcv`‡bi DcKiYmg~n n‡jv f‚wg, kÖg, g~jab Ges msMVb| DËi:¯^íKvj n‡jv Ggb GKmgq †gqv` hLb Drcv`‡bi w¯i
cÖkœ: †gvU Avq Kx? DcKiY¸‡jv‡K cwieZ©b Kiv hvq bv|
DËi: †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó `v‡g GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY `ªe¨ weµq K‡i we‡µZv cÖkœ: ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b e¨q Kv‡K e‡j?
†gvU †h A_© cvq Zv‡K †gvU Avq e‡j| DËi:¯^íKv‡j cwieZ©bkxj DcKiY¸‡jvi Rb¨ †h e¨q nq Zv‡K
cÖkœ: evRvi fvimvg¨ Kv‡K e‡j? ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b e¨q e‡j|
DËi: †hme evRvi eë¯vq AwZwi³ Pvwn`v I AwZwi³ †hvMvb _v‡K bv cÖkœ: `xN©Kvj Kx?
Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi g‡a¨ fvimvg¨ _v‡K ZvB evRvi fvimvg¨| DËi: `xN©Kvj ej‡Z Ggb GKmgq †gqv`‡K †evSvq †h mg‡q Drcv`‡bi
cÖkœ: cÖvwšÍK Av‡qi m~ÎwU †jL| mKj DcKiY cwieZ©b Kiv m¤¢e|
DËi: cÖvwšÍK Av‡qi m~ÎwU n‡jv- cÖkœ: †gvU e¨q Kv‡K e‡j?
‡gvU Av‡qi cwieZ©b TR DËi: †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Drcv`bKvix wewfbœ
cÖvwšÍK Avq = weµ‡qi cwigv‡Yi cwieZ©b ev, MR  cÖKvi DcKiY µq eve` †h A_© e¨q K‡i Zv‡K †gvU e¨q e‡j|
Q
cÖkœ: Mo e¨q Kxfv‡e cvIqv hvq?
cÖkœ: Drcv`b e¨q Kx?
DËi: ‡gvU e¨q‡K `ª‡eï cwigvY Øviv fvM Ki‡j Mo e¨q cvIqv hvq|
DËi: †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ ev †mev Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ Drcv`bKvix Drcv`b Kvh©µg
cÖkœ: Mo w¯i e¨q Kx?
cwiPvjbv eve` †h A_© e¨q K‡i Zv‡K Drcv`b e¨q e‡j|
DËi: †gvU w¯i e¨q‡K †gvU Drcv`b Øviv fvM Ki‡j †h e¨q cvIqv hvq
cÖkœ: Drcv`‡bi DcKiY KqwU I wK wK?
ZvB Mo w¯i e¨q|
DËi: Drcv`‡bi DcKiY PviwU| h_v- f~wg, kÖg, g~jab, msMVb|
cÖkœ: Mo Avq Kv‡K e‡j?
cÖkœ: ‡Kv‡bvwKQz m„wó Kiv‡K wK e‡j?
DËi: †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï cÖwZ GK‡Ki g~j¨‡K Mo Avq e‡j|
DËZ: †Kv‡bvwKQz m„wó Kiv‡K Drcv`b e‡j|
cÖkœ: Mo Avq Kxfv‡e cvIqv hvq?
cÖkœ: f‚wg Kx?
DËi: ‡gvU Avq‡K weµ‡qi cwigvY w`‡q fvM Ki‡j|
DËi: f‚wg ej‡Z mvaviYZ gvwU ev f‚c„ô‡K †evSvq?
cÖkœ: Mo Avq Kxfv‡e cvIqv hvq?
cÖkœ: A_©bxwZ‡Z f‚wg Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi: †Kv‡bv dv‡g©i †gvU Avq‡K wewµZ `ª‡eï cwigvY Øviv fvM Ki‡j
DËi: A_©bxwZ‡Z f‚wg ej‡Z cÖK…wZi mKj `vb‡KB †evSvq hv gvbyl m„wó
Mo Avq cvIqv hvq|
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Ges hv Drcv`‡bi mnvqK|
cÖkœ: Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq MR KLb k~b¨ nq?
cÖkœ: kÖg ej‡Z wK †evSvq?
DËi: Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq †gvU Avq hLb m‡ev©”P nq cÖvwšÍK Avq ZLb
DËi: kÖg ej‡Z gvby‡li ev kÖwg‡Ki Kg©kw³‡K †evSvq|
k~b¨ nq|
cÖkœ: Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ Dcv`vb †KvbwU?
DËi: Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ Dcv`vb n‡jv kÖg| Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ I DËi
cÖkœ: kÖwg‡Ki Kg©kw³‡K Kx e‡j? cÖkœ | µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b KLb nq? e¨vL¨v Ki |
DËi: kÖwg‡Ki Kg©kw³‡K kÖg e‡j| DËi : DcKi‡Yi eënvi ‡h nv‡i e„w× Kiv nq Drcv`b hw` Zvi ‡P‡q
cÖkœ: kÖg KZÿY mPj _v‡K? ‡ewk nv‡i e„w× cvq, ZLb Zv‡K µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b e‡j| awi,
DËi: kÖwgK hZÿY RxweZ _v‡K kÖg ZZÿY mPj _v‡K| Q=f (L, K ) Drcv`b A‡c¶K Abymv‡i kÖg I g~jab 10 GKK K‡i
cÖkœ: kÖwg‡Ki †Kvb ÿgZv Kg? eënvi Kivi ìæb ‡gvU Drcv`b nq 100 GKK| GLb kÖg I g~jab
DËi: kÖwg‡Ki ìKlvKwli ÿgZv Kg| 20 GKK K‡i eënvi Kivi `viæb hw` ‡gvU Drcv`b e„w× ‡c‡q 300
cÖkœ: mvaviY A‡_© g~jab Kx? GKK nq, ZLb Zv‡K ejv n‡e µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b |
DËi: mvaviY A‡_© g~jab ej‡Z eëmvq evwY‡R¨ wb‡qvwRZ A_©‡K †evSvq| cÖkœ 2| ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b A‡c¶K ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
cÖkœ: A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jab Kv‡K e‡j? DËi : w¯i DcKiY Ges cwieZ©bxq DcKi‡Yi mgwš^Z cÖ‡qv‡Mi Ici
DËi: A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jab n‡jv gvby‡li kÖ‡gi Øviv Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb hv Drcv`‡bi wbf©ikxjZv‡K ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b A‡c¶K e‡j| Q
cybivq Drcv`b K‡i eëenvi Kiv hvq| Drcv`‡bi (K F.L) GKwU ¯^íKvjxb A‡c¶K ‡hLv‡b ) cwigvY, f =
cÖkœ: msMVb Kv‡K e‡j? A‡c¶K, k = w¯i DcKiY g~jab, L = cwieZ©bkxj DcKiY kÖg|
DËi: f‚wg, kÖg I g~jab G wZbwU Dcv`vb‡K GKwÎZ K‡i Drcv`b KvR Drcv`b A‡c¶KB ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b A‡c¶K |
cwiPvjbv Kivi bvg‡K msMVb e‡j|
cÖkœ: msMVK †K?

93
cÖkœ 3| KLb cwieZ©bkxj e¨q k~b¨ nq? DËi:‡Kv‡bv eëmvq cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK I eëmvq cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPvjK
DËi : ¯^íKv‡j ‡Kv‡bv dv‡g©i Drcv`b eqq `yB fv‡M wef³ _v‡K| ‡h PviwU Drcv`b Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab K‡i, Zv‡K msMVK ev
h_v- w¯i e¨q I cwieZ©bkxj evq| dv‡g©i Drcv`‡bi ‡h‡Kv‡bv ¯Í‡i D‡`¨v³v ejv nq| D‡`¨v³vi KvR n‡jv wbqš¿Y, cwiPvjbv Ges mgš^q
‡gvU w¯i e¨q AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K| hwÌ Drcv`b ‡ewk n‡j cwieZ©bkxj mvab| eZ©gvb A_©‣bwZK eë¯vq wkí ms¯vi gvwjK‡K A_©vr ‡h g~jab
e¨q ‡ewk Ges Drcv`b Kg n‡j Zv Kg nq| Z‡e KL‡bv Drcv`b ‡hvMvb ‡`q I cwiPvjbv K‡i, Drcv`‡bi PZy_© Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ
mvgwqKfv‡e eÜ _vK‡j w¯i e¨q AcwiewZ©Z _vKv m‡Ë¡I cwieZ©bkxj nq, wZwbB msMVK ev D‡`¨v³v|
e¨q k~b¨ n‡q c‡o| cÖkœ 13| Drcv`b A‡c¶K ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
cÖkœ 4| A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b Kv‡K e‡j? DËi : A‡c¶K GKwU exRMvwYwZK aviYv| ¯^vaxb PjK I wbf©ikxj Pj‡Ki
DËi : mvaviY A‡_© bZyb wKQy m„wó Kiv‡K Drcv`b ejv nq| wKš‧ A_©bxwZi gv‡S ‡h m¤úK© Zv‡K A‡c¶K (Function) e‡j| Drcv`‡bi Rb¨
fvlvq cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë m¤ú‡ì AvKvi I AvK…wZ cwieZ©b K‡i bZyb Dc‡hvM A‡c¶‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb nq| Drcv`b ‡¶‡Î Drcv`b n‡jv Aaxb PjK Ges
m„wó Kiv‡K Drcv`b e‡j| ‡hgb- KvV ‡K‡U Zv w`‡q AvmevecÎ ‣Zwi Kiv| Dcv`vb n‡jv ¯^vaxb PjK| Drcv`‡bi cwigvY Dcv`v‡bi cwigv‡Yi Ici
Kv‡Vi ‡h g~j¨ Zvi ‡P‡q Avmevec‡Îi Avw_©K g~j¨ ‡ewk| A_©`‡Û G wbf©ikxj| Kv‡RB Drcv`b I Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ ‡h wbf©ikxjZvi m¤úK©
AwZwi³ g~j¨B bZyb Dc‡hvM| G‡¶‡Î gvbyl ïay Kv‡Vi AvKvi-AvK…wZ i‡q‡Q, Zv‡K Drcv`b A‡c¶K (Production Function) e‡j|
cwieZ©b evowZ Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i‡Q GwUB Drcv`b| cÖkœ 14| cwieZ©b DcKiY m¤ú‡K© eywS‡q ‡jL|
cÖkœ 5| f~wg Kx? e¨vL¨v Ki| DËi : Drcv`‡bi cwigvY n«vm-e„w×i mv‡_ hw` DcKiYI n«vm- e„w× Kiv
DËi : mvaviY K_vq f~wg ej‡Z c…w_exi ¯jfvM‡K ‡evSvq| wKš‧ m¤¢e nq, ZLb Zv‡K cwieZ©bxq DcKiY e‡j| ‡hgb : Q = f(L. K)
A_©bxwZ‡Z f~wg ej‡Z ‡Kej c…w_exi ¯jfvM‡K ‡evSvq bv| A_©bxwZ‡Z GKwU Drcv`b A‡c¶K| ‡hLv‡b- (Q) Drcv`‡bi cwigvY= (L) kÖg,
f~wg A_© AviI e¨vcK I we¯Í…Z| A_©bxwZ‡Z f~wg ej‡Z cÖK…wZi mKj (K) kÖg. K = g~jab, ZLb Drcv`‡bi cwieZ©‡bi ‡¶‡Î hw` g~jab (K)
`vb‡KB ‡evSvq, hv gvbyl m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Ges hv Drcv`‡bi mnvqK| w¯i ‡_‡K kÖg (L) cwieZ©b Kiv m¤¢e nq Z‡e kÖg (L.) GKwU
cÖkœ 6| Drcv`b ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? cwieZ©bxq DcKiY|
DËi : mvaviYfv‡e Drcv`b ej‡Z ‡Kv‡bv wKQy m„wó Kiv‡K ‡evSvq| wKš‧
cÖkœ 15| ‡gvU Drcv`‡bi aviYv eY©bv Ki|
ev¯Í‡e gvbyl ‡Kv‡bv wKQy m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, Avevi aŸsmI Ki‡Z cv‡i DËi: ‡gvU Drcv`b aviYvwU‡K e¨vL¨v Kivi ‡¶‡Î ‡h‡Kv‡bv GKwU DcKi‡Yi
bv| gvbyl ïay cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`‡K Zvi kvixwiK I gvbwmK kÖ‡gi Øviv Drcv`bkxjZv cwigvc Kiv nq| Ab¨vbv DcKiY w¯i ‡i‡L GKwU DcKi‡Yi
cwieZ©b K‡i AwaKZi eënvi Dc‡hvMx Ki‡Z cv‡i| cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì wewb‡qv‡Mi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Drcv`‡bi cwieZ©b¸‡jvi mgwóB n‡jv ‡gvU
¸YMZ, cwigvYMZ I Ae¯vbMZ cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g bZyb Dc‡hvM m„wó Drcv`b| A_©vr Drcv`b ‡¶‡Î ‡Kv‡bv GKwU DcKi‡Yi wewfbœ GKK wb‡qvM
Kiv‡KB Drcv`b (Production) e‡j| K‡i ‡h e¯‧MZ Drcv`b cvIqv hvq, Zvi ‡hvMdj‡K ‡gvU Drcv`b (Total
cÖkœ 7| f~wgi ‣ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| production) e‡j|
DËi : f~wg n‡jv Drcv`‡bi Avw` I ‡g․wjK Dcv`vb| Gi Ab¨Zg cÖavb
cÖkœ 16| Mo Drcv`b ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
‣ewkó¨¸‡jv n‡jv f~wg cÖK…wZi `vb| f~wgi ‡hvMvb mxgve×| f~wg cÖK…wZi
DËi : Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY w¯i ‡i‡L GKwU wbw`©ó DcKi‡Yi cwieZ©‡bi
`vb e‡j Gi ‡Kv‡bv Drcv`b e¨q ‡bB| GwU Drcv`‡bi wPi¯vqx
d‡j cwiewZ©Z wewfbœ GKK ‡_‡K ‡h ‡gvU Drcv`b cvIqv hvq Zv‡K
Dcv`vb|
DcKi‡Yi msL¨v w`‡q fvM Ki‡j Mo Drcv`b cvIqv hvq| A_©vr ‡gvU
cÖkœ 8| kÖg ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? e¯‧MZ Drcv`b‡K wb‡qvwRZ DcKi‡Yi cwigvY w`‡q fvM Ki‡j ‡h dj
DËi : Drcv`‡bi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb n‡jv kÖg | kÖg ej‡Z
cvIqv hvq Zv‡K Mo Drcv`b (Average Product) e‡j |
gvby‡li ev kÖwg‡Ki Kg©kw³‡K ‡evSvq| G kÖgkw³ kvixwiK I gvbwmK
cÖkœ 17| µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai kZ©¸‡jv eY©bv Ki|
Dfq cÖKvi n‡Z cv‡i| Drcv`bKv‡h©i mnvqK kvixwiK I gvbwmK mKj
DËi : µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai kZ©¸‡jv n‡jv- f~wgi cwigvY I
cÖKvi cwikÖg ev cÖ‡Póv‡K kÖg (Labour) e‡j |
De©iZv w¯i| ¯^íKvjxb mgq we‡eP¨| Drcv`‡bi Kjv‡K․kj w¯i|
cÖkœ 9| kÖ‡gi ‣ewkó¨mg~n eY©bv Ki | Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY w¯i Ae¯vq kÖg I g~jab cwieZ©bxq| cwieZ©bxq
DËi : kÖ‡gi Ab¨Zg cÖavb ‣ewkó¨mg~n n‡jv kÖg Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ
DcKi‡Yi GKKmg~n mgRvZxq
Dcv`vb| kÖg‡K kÖwgK n‡Z Avjv`v Kiv hvq bv| Drcv`‡bi
cÖkœ 18| µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa K…wl ‡¶‡Î we‡klfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨
Dcv`vb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv me‡P‡q ‡ewk| kÖg‡K Drcv`‡bi
nIqvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki|
Dcv`vb I D‡Ïk¨ `yB-B ejv P‡j| kÖwgK ‡U«W BDwbqb MV‡bi gva¨‡g DËi : evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î K…wl ‡¶‡Î cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b n«vm cvq| KviY
msNe× n‡Z cv‡i | RbmsL¨v cÖwZeQi wecyj cwigv‡Y e„w× cvq; wKš‧ f~wgi AvqZb wbw`©ó
cÖkœ 10| g~ja‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki | cwigv‡Y mxgve× i‡q‡Q| ZvB gvbyl Drcv`b e„w×i Rb¨ GKwU wbw`©ó
DËi : mvaviYfv‡e g~jab ej‡Z eëmvq evwY‡R¨ wb‡qvwRZ A_©‡K cwigvY f~wg‡Z kÖg I g~jab wb‡qv‡Mi AbycvZ µgk e„w× Ki‡j Drcv`b
‡evSvq| wKš‧ A_©‣bwZK `„wó‡KvY ‡_‡K 'g~jab' kãwU AviI e¨vcK A‡_© µgn«vmgvb nv‡i e„w× cvq| f~wgi ‡hvMv‡bi mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡YB
eëüZ nq| g~jab n‡jv gvby‡li kÖ‡gi Øviv Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb, hv cybivq µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewawU K…wl ‡¶‡Î we‡klfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨ nq|
AwaK Drcv`b Kv‡R eënvi Kiv nq| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, g~jab n‡jv
cÖkœ 19| gvÎvMZ Drcv`b ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
Drcv`‡bi ‡mB Ask, hv mivmwi ‡fvM bv K‡i cybivq Drcv`b Kv‡R DËi: `xN©Kv‡j Drcv`‡bi mKj DcKiYB cwieZ©bkxj| A_©vr `xN©Kv‡j
wb‡qvM Kiv nq| A_©bxwZwe` egIqv‡K©i g‡Z, Òg~jab n‡jv Drcv`‡bi Drcv`‡bi mKj DcKiY GKmv‡_ cwieZ©b K‡i Drcv`‡b cwieZ©b Avbv
Drcvw`Z DcKiY| " hvq| A_©vr DcKi‡Yi gvÎv cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Drcv`b ‡¶‡Î ‡h cwieZ©b ev
cÖkœ 11| msMV‡bi m¤úK© eywS‡q ‡jL| cÖfve ‡`Lv ‡`q Zv‡K gvÎvMZ Drcv`b wewa e‡j|
DËi : Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ DcKiY‡K mymse×fv‡e mgš^q mvab K‡i Aí
cÖkœ 20| mgvbycvwZK gvÎvMZ Drcv`‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki|
mg‡q I Aí ev‡q AwaK cwigv‡Y Drcv`b Kivi cwiPvjb c×wZ‡K DËi : GKwU wbw`©ó Abycv‡Z Drcv`‡bi mKj DcKiYmg~n e„w× Kiv n‡j
msMVb ejv nq| Aa¨vcK n¨vwb (Hancy) e‡jb, Ò‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó GK ev Drcv`b hw` IB wbw`©ó Abycv‡Z e„w× cvq Z‡e Zv‡K mgvbycvwZK
GKvwaK D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi j‡¶¨ eëmvq cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ DcKiYmg~‡ni gvÎvMZ Drcv`b e‡j|
g‡a¨ myôyfv‡e mgš^q mvab cÖwµqv‡K msMVb ejv nq|Ó D`vniY g‡b Kwi, (L. K ) Drcv`b A‡c¶K 10 GKK| kÖg (L.) I
cÖkœ 12| D‡`¨v³v ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? 10 GKK g~jab (K) eënvi K‡i ‡gvU Drcv`b cvIqv hvq 100
94
GKK| GLb kÖg (L) I g~jab (K) 20 GKK K‡i Z_v wØ¸Y nv‡i
eënvi Kivi d‡j hw` ‡gvU Drcv`b 200 GKK nq Zvn‡j Zv‡K cÖkœ 28| cÖvwšÍK e¨q ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
mgvbycvwZK gvÎvMZ Drcv`b e‡j| DËi : ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï Drcv`b AwZwi³ GK GKK e„w×i Rb¨ ‡gvU e¨‡qi ‡h e„w×
cÖkœ 21| Drcv`b e¨q ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? N‡U Zv‡K cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b e‡j| Gfv‡eI ejv hvq, Drcv`‡bi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j
DËi : f~wg, kÖg, g~jab, msMVb G PviwU DcKiY e¨ZxZ Drcv`b m¤¢e ‡gvU e¨‡qi ‡h cwieZ©b nq Zvi AbycvZ‡K cÖvwšÍK evq e‡j|
bq| Drcv`b Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ D‡`¨v³v‡K wewfbœ DcKiY m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨-
msMÖn Ges G‡ì ‡cQ‡b A_© evq Ki‡Z nq| myZivs ejv hvq, cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC) = '‡gvU e¨‡qi cwieZ©b (ΔTC)/‡gvU Drcv`‡bi
Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ ch©v‡q GKRb Drcv`K wewfbœ DcKiY msMÖn Ges Zv cwieZ©b (ΔQ)
Drcv`b Kv‡R eënvi Kivi Rb¨ ‡h cwigvY A_© e¨q K‡i Zv‡K A_©vr MC = ΔTC/ΔQ
Drcv`b e¨q ejv nq| cÖkœ 29| ‡gvU Av‡qi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 22| ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b e¨q m¤ú‡K© eywS‡q ‡jL| DËi : ‡Kv‡bv Drcv`bKvix Drcvw`Z mKj `ªe¨ weµq K‡i ‡h cwigvY
DËi : ¯^íKvj ej‡Z Ggb GKmgq ‡gqv`‡K ‡evSvq ‡h mg‡q gy`ªv jvf K‡i, Zv‡K ‡gvU Avq e‡j| `ªe¨ weµ‡qi cwigvY‡K `ª‡eï
Drcv`‡bi w¯i DcKiY¸‡jv‡K cwieZ©b Kiv hvq bv| ‡hgb ---- evRvi `vg w`‡q ¸Y Ki‡j ‡gvU Avq cvIqv hvq| g‡b Kwi, ‡Kv‡bv
‡gwkbvwi, wewìs, cÖhyw³ cÖf…wZ| wKš‧ cwieZ©bkxj DcKiY¸‡jv‡K n«vm- `ª‡eï evRvi `vg 10 UvKv Ges ‡gvU weµ‡qi cwigvY 100 GKK|
e„w× NwU‡q Dcv`v‡bi cwigvY n«vm-e„w× Kiv m¤¢e| Ggb mgq‡K ¯^íKvj G‡¶‡Î ‡gvU Avq = 10  100 = 1,000 UvKv |
ejv nq| myZivs ¯^íKv‡j cwieZ©bkxj DcKiY¸‡jvi Rb¨ ‡h e¨q nq ‡gvU Av‡qi m~ÎwU n‡jv :
Zv‡K ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b e¨q e‡j |
‡gvU Avq = `vg  weµ‡qi cwigvY |
cÖkœ 23| ‡gvU e¨q m¤ú‡K© eywS‡q ‡jL|
DËi : ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cwigvY `ªe¨ Drcv`b Ki‡Z ‡h cwigvY ‡gvU A_© e¨q ev, TR = P  Q
nq, Zv‡K ‡gvU e¨q (TC) e‡j| A_©vr ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cwigvY `ªe¨ GLv‡b TR = ‡gvU Avq
Drcv`b Ki‡Z wbw`©ó cwigvY DcKiY ‡hgb- f~wg, kÖg, g~jab I msMVb P = `vg,
BZ¨vw` wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡Z nq| G Drcv`b DcKiYmg~‡ni ‡mev cvIqvi Q = weµ‡qi cwigvY|
Rb¨ Zv‡ì cvwikÖwgK A_©vr LvRbv, gRywi I my` cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq| cÖkœ 30| cÖvwšÍK Avq m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI |
DËi : ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï weµ‡qi cwigvY AwZwi³ GK GKK e„w× ‡c‡j ‡gvU
myZivs ‡gvU evq (TC) = LvRbv = gRywi + my`|
Av‡qi ‡h e„w× N‡U Zv‡K cÖvwšÍK Avq ejv nq| GUv‡K MR Øviv cÖKvk
cÖkœ 24| ‡gvU w¯’i e¨‡qi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi : `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡Yi n«vm-e„w×i d‡j ‡h e¨‡qi ‡Kv‡bv Kiv nq| ejv hvq, weµ‡qi cwieZ©‡b ‡gvU Av‡qi ‡h e„w× N‡U Zv‡K
cwieZ©b nq bv, Zv‡K w¯i e¨q e‡j| Avi ‡h Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb ¯^í cÖvwšÍK Avq ejv nq| GUv‡K MR Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| m~ÎvKv‡i wjL‡j
‡gqv‡` `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ ‡h my¯úó w¯i evq Ges AšÍwb©wnZ e¨q enb ejv hvq, weµ‡qi cwieZ©‡b ‡gvU Av‡qi ‡h cwieZ©b nq- G `yB‡qi
K‡i, Zvi mgwó‡K ‡gvU w¯i e¨q (TFC) e‡j| we`y¨r, cvwb, M¨vm, AbycvZ n‡jv cÖvwšÍK Avq |
‡Uwj‡dvb, kÖwg‡Ki ‡eZb, Ki cÖ`vb BZ¨vw` my¯úó w¯i e¨q Ges dv‡g©i myZivs cÖvwšÍK Avq,
wewìs, KviLvbvi hš¿cvwZ, D‡`¨v³vi cvwikÖwgK BZ¨vw` AšÍwb©wnZ e¨q| (MR) =‡gvU Av‡qi cwieZ©b (ΔTR) / weµ‡qi cwieZ©b (ΔQ)
cÖkœ 25| ‡gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq ? A_©vr MR =ΔTR
DËi : `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi cwigvY cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ ‡h e¨q cwieZ©b g‡b ‡i‡Lv Avgvq!!!
nq, Zv‡K cwieZ©bkxj e¨q e‡j| Avi Drcv`‡b wb‡qvwRZ wewfbœ  Drcv`b
cwieZ©bkxj Dcv`v‡bi Rb¨ ‡Kv‡bv dvg© ‡h cwigvY e¨q Ki‡Z cÖ¯‧Z 1. A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b ej‡Z †evSvq-bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó|
2. mvaviY A‡_© Drcv`b n‡jv- †Kv‡bv wKQz m„wó Kiv|
_v‡K, Zv‡K ‡gvU cwieZ©bkxj evq (TVC) e‡j| KvuPvgvj µq,
3. Drcv`b DcKiY msMÖn I meKvR Z`viwK K‡i-msMVb|
kÖwg‡Ki gRywi, R¡vjvwb BZ¨vw` cwieZ©bkxj evq
4. cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë e¯‧i mv‡_ AwZwi³ Dc‡hvM ms‡hvMB-Drcv`b|
cÖkœ 26| Mo w¯’i e¨‡qi aviYv eY©bv Ki|
5. Drcv`‡bi _vK‡Z nq- wewbgq g~j¨|
DËi : ‡gvU w¯i e¨q‡K ‡gvU Drcv`b Øviv fvM Ki‡j Mo w¯i e¨q
 Drcv`‡bi aviYv
(AFC) cvIqv hvq| Drcv`b e„w× ‡c‡j Mo w¯i e¨q µgk n«vm 6. Drcv`‡bi cÖavb DcKiY-4wU|
cv‡e| Mo w¯i e¨q ‡Kej ¯^íKvjxb mg‡qB _v‡K| Mo w¯i e¨q‡K 7. Drcv`‡bi Avw` I †g․wjK DcKiY-f~wg|
wbgœwjwLZ m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv hvq| 8. Dc‡hvM m„wó wewfbœ cÖwµqv‡K fvM Kiv hvq-5 fv‡M|
Mo w¯i e¨q = ‡gvU w¯i e¨q/ ‡gvU Drcv`b 9. ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï Afve c~i‡Yi ÿgZv‡K e‡j-Dc‡hvM|
ev, AFC =TFC/Q 10. e¯‧ GK¯vb †_‡K Ab¨¯v‡b cwieZ©b-¯vbMZ Dc‡hvM|
GLv‡b AFC = Mp w¯i e¨q, 11. ‡Kv‡bv e¯‧i AvKvi cwieZ©b Kiv n‡jv- iƒcMZ Dc‡hvM|
TFC = ‡gvU w¯i e¨q, 12. cwienb eë¯v m„wó K‡i-‡mevMZ Dc‡hvM|
Q= ‡gvU Drcv`b| 13. mg‡qi eëav‡b m„wó K‡i-mgqMZ Dc‡hvM|
cÖkœ 27| MP cwieZ©bxq e¨q ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? 14. Drcv`‡bi gvbweK Dcv`vb-kÖg|
DËi: ‡gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q‡K ‡gvU Drcv`b Øviv fvM Ki‡j Mo 15. Drcv`‡bi SzuwK enb K‡i-msMVK|
cwieZ©bkxj e¨q (AVC) cvIqv hvq| Drcv`‡bi ‡Mvovi w`‡K  Drcv`b A‡cÿK
µgea©gvb Drcv`b wewa Kvh©Ki nq e‡j Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q ‡Mvovi 16. `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Pj‡Ki wbf©ikxjZvi m¤úK© cÖKvk K‡i- A‡cÿK|
w`‡K n«vm cvq Ges Ae‡k‡l µgn«vmgvb Drcv`b wewai Rb¨ Mo 17. DcKi‡Yi mv‡_ Drcv`‡bi m¤úK©‡K e‡j-Drcv`b A‡cÿK|
cwieZ©bkxj e¨q e„w× cvq| Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q‡K wbgœwjwLZ m~‡Îi 18. LvZwfwËK Drcv`b A‡cÿK-`yB cÖKvi|
mvnv‡h¨ cÖKvk Kiv hvq- 19. Dcv`v‡bi mv‡_ Drcv`‡bi m¤ú©K-abvZ¥K|
Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q =‡gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q/‡gvU Drcv`b 20. mg‡qi wfwË‡Z Drcv`b A‡cÿK-`yB cÖKvi|
ev, AVC = TVC/Q 21. Q  f ( L, K )  ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿK|
95
22. Q  f ( L, K )  n‡jv- `xN©Kvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿK|  hw` †fvM ej‡Z Dc‡hv‡Mi eënvi †evSvq Z‡e Drcv`b ej‡Z
Dc‡hvM m„wó †evSvq| Dw³wU-wd«kvi|
 gvÎvMZ Drcv`b (µgn«vmgvb, I mgvbycvwZK)
23. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b-3 cÖKvi| 3. ‡KvbwU Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY?
K. f~wg L. kÖg M. g~jab N. msMVb
24. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b m¤úK©hy³ n‡jv- ¯^íKvj I `xN©Kv‡ji mv‡_|
25. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b `xN©Kv‡j Drcv`b‡K evovq-mgvb nv‡i| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
 Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY-kÖg|
26. Drcv`b wewa wb‡`©k K‡i- Drcv`‡bi cwigvY|
 mÂq Kiv hvq bv-kÖg|
27. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai c~Yv©½Zv †`q-gvkv©j|
28. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa AwaK Kvh©Ki nq-K…wl †ÿ‡Î|  gRywii mv‡_ kÖ‡gi †hvMvb- wecixZgyLx|
 Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Ask n‡jv-g~jab|
29. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai MP ‡iLv-Wv‡b wb¤œMvgx nq|
4. mÂq †Kvb DcKi‡Yi Drm?
 Drcv`b e¨q K. f~wg L. kÖg M. g~jab N. msMVb
30. `xN©Kv‡j Drcv`‡bi †gvU e¨q wb‡`©k Kiv nq- LTC Øviv|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
31. `xN©Kv‡j- LTC=TVC  g~jab n‡jv- mÂ‡qi dj|
32. Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ DcKiY eve` e¨qB-Drcv`b e¨q|  g~jab ZzjbvgyjK-MwZkxj|
33. Drcv`b e¨q-AFC+AVC = AC  Drcv`‡bi hveZxq SzuwK enb K‡i-msMVb|
34. ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï cÖwZ GKK Drcv`‡bi e¨qB-Mo e¨q|  Drcv`‡bi mwµq Dcv`vb-kÖg|
35. LvRbv, gRywi I my‡ì wbwg‡Ë e¨q n‡”Q- Drcv`b e¨q| 5. Drcv`‡bi DcKiY KqwU?
36. me e¨qB cwieZ©bkxj-`xN©‡gqv‡`| K. 1 L. 2 M. 3 N. 4
37. `xN©Kvjxb †iLvi DrcwË nq-g~j we›`y †_‡K| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
 ¯^íKvjxb I `xN©Kvjxb Drcv`b e¨q  Drcv`‡bi DcKiY †gvU-4wU|
38. ¯^íKvjxb Mo e¨q †iLvi-`yBwU Ask|  Drcv`‡bi mxgve× DcKiY-f~wg|
39. ¯^íKv‡j dv‡g©i e¨q mvaviYZ-2 ai‡bi|  Drcv`‡bi ÿY¯vqx Dcv`vb-kÖg|
40. ¯^íKv‡j †gvU LiP †iLv ïiæ nq-g~j we›`y Ici †_‡K|
6. ‡Kvb DcKiYwU Drcv`b Kvh©µg Z`viwK K‡i?
41. `ªe¨ I †mev Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ e¨qB n‡”Q- Drcv`b e¨q| K. f~wg L. kÖg M. msMVb N. g~jab
42. ¯^íKvjxb STC= TFC + TVC hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
43. `xN©Kvjxb †gvU e¨q n‡jv-TC = TVC  Drcv`b Kvh©µg Z`viwK K‡i-msMVb|
44. `xN©Kv‡j w¯i Dcv`vb-k~b¨|  Drcv`‡bi DcKi‡Yi mgš^q K‡i-msMVb|
45. `xN©Kv‡j Mo e¨q †iLv-Gb‡fjvc|  Drcv`b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ kvixwiK I gvbwmK cwikÖg‡K e‡j-kÖg|
46. `xN©Kvjxb †gvU e¨‡qi mKj DcKiY-cwieZ©bkxj| 7. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b KZ cÖKvi?
 ‡gvU, Mo I cÖvwšÍK e¨q K. `yB L. wZb M. Pvi N. cvuP
47. hLb AC me©wb¤œ ZLb- AC = MC|
48. ¯^íKvjxb Mo e¨q †iLvi-2wU Ask _v‡K| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
49. ‡gvU e¨q cwieZ©bkxj e¨q A‡cÿv-‡ewk nq|  gvÎvMZ Drcv`b-wZb cÖKvi|
 `xN©Kvjxb aviYv n‡jv-gvÎvMZ Drcv`b|
TVC
50. Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q- AVC   `xN©‡gqvw` Drcv`b A‡cÿK n‡jv-Q= f (L, K)
Q 8. Drcv`‡bi DcKiYmg~n GKwU wbw`©ó nv‡i e„w× Ki‡j Drcv`‡bi †h
TC cwieZ©b N‡U Zv‡K e‡j-
51. cÖvwšÍK LiP cÖKvk Kiv nq- K. Drcv`b wewa L. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b
Q
52. Mo e¨q †iLvwU cÖ_‡g- wb¤œMvgx nq| M. Drcv`b e¨q N. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b
53. GK GKK AwZwi³ c‡Yï Rb¨ †gvU e¨‡qi e„w×- cÖvwšÍK e¨q| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
54. MC ‡h nv‡i ev‡o AC ‡m nv‡i ev‡o bv A_v©r-MC > AC|  gvÎvMZ Drcv`b-3wU cÖKvi|
 ‡gvU Avq, Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq  gvÎvMZ Drcv`b GKwU-`xN©Kvjxb aviYv|
55. Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ wewµ K‡i Drcv`bKvix cvq-gybvdv ev Avq|  cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa GKwU-¯^íKvjxb aviYv|
56. cÖwZ GKK weµq K‡i we‡µZv †h Avq cvq Zv‡K e‡j-Mo Avq| 9. ‡gvU Drcv`b hLb µgea©gvb nv‡i ev‡o, cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b ZLb-
57. Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AR > MR. K. e„w× cvq L. n«vm cvq M. w¯i _v‡K N. k~b¨ nq
TR hv bv Rvb‡jB bq
58. cÖvwšÍK Avq- MR  |
Q  †gvU Drcv`b µgea©gvb nv‡i evo‡j cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b- e„w× cvq|
59. `vg (P)  weµ‡qi cwigvY (Q)- ‡gvU Avq|  †gvU Drcv`b w¯i nv‡i evo‡j cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b-w¯i _v‡K|
60. ‡gvU Avq ej‡Z †evSvq-P  Q|
61. AwZwi³ GK GKK weµq K‡i cvq-cÖvwšÍK Avq|
Abykxjbx cvV-1 GB Aa¨v‡qi (MCQ) wfwWI
1. Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb‡K Kx e‡j?
K. kÖg L. g~jab M. msMVb N. f~wg K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
 Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb-g~jab|
 Drcv`‡bi DcKiY-4wU|
 Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY-msMVb/kÖg| 10. `xN©Kv‡j Mo e¨q †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb nq?
2. A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? K. EaŸ©Mvgx L. cÖmvwiZ U AvK…wZi
K. bZzb `ªe¨ m„wó L. bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó M. f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N. k~b¨ nq
M. AwZwi³ Avq m„wó N. DcKiY GKÎxKiY hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!  `xN©Kv‡j Mo e¨q †iLvi AvK…wZ-cÖmvwiZ U AvK…wZi|
 Drcv`b ej‡Z- bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv|  ¯^íKv‡j Mo e¨q †iLvi AvK…wZ- U AvK…wZi|
 Dc‡hvM m„wó bv n‡j Zv‡K ejv n‡e bv-Drcv`b|
96
 ¯^íKv‡j Mo w¯i e¨q †iLv-mgcive„ËvKvi|  TC ‡hLv‡b m‡ev©”P nq MC †mLv‡b-k~b¨ nq|
 ¯^íKv‡j w¯i e¨q †iLv-f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj|  TC µgn«vmgvb nv‡i evo‡j MC †iLv-Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx nq|
11. KLb Mo (AC) I cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC) mgvb nq? 18. e¨q †KvbwUi Ici wbf©ikxj?
K. hLb AC wb¤œMvgx L. hLb MC wb¤œMvgx K. Avq L. Drcv`b M. DcKiY N. wewb‡qvM
M. hLb AC me©wb¤œ N. hLb MC EaŸ©Mvgx hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!  DcKi‡Yi `vg evo‡j Drcv`b e¨qI-ev‡o|
 †Kvb `ªe¨ cÖwZ GKK Drcv`b Ki‡Z †h e¨q nq Zv-Mo e¨q|  DcKiY e¨q w¯i _vK‡j Drcv`b evo‡j †gvU e¨q-e„w× cvq|
 Mo e¨q †iLvq me©wb¤œ we›`y‡Z mgvb nq-MC ‡iLv|  Av‡qi Dci wbf©ikxj-e¨w³i †fvM e¨q|
 AC †iLvi me©wb¤œ we›`yi c‡i- AC > MC nq| 19. wb‡Pi e¨‡qi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ †Kvb †iLvwU g~j we›`y †_‡K ïiæ nq?
12. TFC I TVC Gi mgwó‡K ejv nq- K. TVC L. TFC M. TC N. AFC
K. AC L. MC M. TC N. VC hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!  g~j we›`y †_‡K ïiæ nq-‡gvU cwieZ©bxq LiP|
 ‡gvU LiP = †gvU w¯i LiP + †gvU cwieZ©bkxj LiP|  cwigvY A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj-‡gvU w¯i LiP †iLv|
 w¯i e¨‡qi Aw¯ÍZ¡ †bB-`xN©Kv‡j|  cwic~iK ev Dcw¯Z e¨q e‡j-w¯i e¨q‡K|
 `xN©Kv‡j mKj e¨qB-cwieZ©bkxj e¨q|  Drcv`b e„w×i mv‡_ cwiewZ©Z nq-cwieZ©bxq e¨q|
 w¯i e¨q †iLv-f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj|  Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j Aw¯ÍZ¡ _v‡K bv- cwieZ©bxq e¨‡qi|
 g~j we›`y †_‡K ïiæ nq-TVC| 20. KLb Mo e¨q (AC) I cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC) mgvb nq?
13. wP‡Î Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx „A‟ ‡iLvwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨q wb‡`©k K‡i? K. cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC) me©wb¤œ n‡j
L. cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC) evo‡j
M. Mo e¨q (AC) Kg‡j
N. Mo e¨q (AC) me©wb¤œ n‡j
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
 cY¨ I †mevi cÖwZ GKK e¨q‡K e‡j-Mo e¨q|
K. TFC L. AVC M. MC N. AFC  hLb AC me©wb¤œ ZLb- AC =MC nq|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!  ‘U’ AvK…wZi g‡Zv nq- AC †iLv|
 ‡gvU w¯i e¨q‡K †gvU Drcv`b w`‡q fvM Ki‡j cvIqv hvq-Mo  MC †h nv‡i ev‡o AC ‡m nv‡i ev‡o bv A_v©r MC > AC.
w¯i e¨q|  AC I MC †iLvi g‡a¨ m¤úK©-3wU|
 Mo w¯i e¨q †iLv-mgcive„ËvKvi| 21. ‡gvU e¨q mgvb-
 g~j we›`y †_‡K EaŸ©Mvgx-cwieZ©bkxj e¨q| K. MC + AC L. MC = AVC
14. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †iLvwU U AvK…wZi? M. FC + MC N. TFC+ TVC
K. AFC L. TFC M. AC N. TC hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!  TC = TFC + TVC
 cÖmvwiZ U AvK…wZi nq-`xN©Kvjxb †iLv|  AC = AFC + AVC
 U AvK…wZ nq - AC ‡iLv|  `xN©Kv‡jTC = VC
 mg cive„ËvKvi nq- AFC ‡iLv| 22. Mo e¨q †iLv (AC) hLb wb¤œMvgx, ZLb wb‡Pi †KvbwU N‡U?
 f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj- TFC ‡iLv| K. AC > MC L. AC = MC
15. ‡Kvb welqwU ïay ¯^íKv‡j m¤ú„³? M. AC < MC N. AC  MC
K. †gvU w¯i LiP L. cwieZ©bkxj LiP hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
M. Mo LiP N. †gvU LiP  AC me©wb¤œ n‡j- AC = MC
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!  AC hLb DaŸ©Mvgx ZLb-MC >AC
 ïay ¯^íKv‡j mv‡_ m¤ú„³-‡gvU w¯i e¨q|  Drcv`‡bi me GK‡Ki mv‡_ RwoZ-AC
 `xN©Kv‡j w¯i e¨‡qi cwigvY-k~b¨|  Drcv`‡bi ‡k‡l GK‡Ki mv‡_ RwoZ- AC
 mge„ËvKvi g‡b nq-AFC ‡iLv‡K| 23. ¯^íKv‡j Drcv`b eÜ _vK‡jI dvg©‡K ev Drcv`bKvix‡K †h e¨q enb
 Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z bq-TFC| Ki‡Z nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
 Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z- cwieZ©bkxj LiP| K. w¯i e¨q L. cwieZ©bkxj e¨q
16. bZyb Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i †KvbwU? M. ‡gvU e¨q N. cÖvwšÍK e¨q
K. Pvwn`v L. †fvM M. †hvMvb N. Drcv`b hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!  Drcv`b eÜ _vK‡jI dvg©‡K enb Ki‡Z nq-w¯i e¨q|
 wbw`©ó `v‡g †Kvb `ªe¨ †fv‡Mi B”QvB n‡jv- Pvwn`v|  Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡Yi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z bq-FC
 wbw`©ó `v‡g †Kvb `ªe¨ wewµi B”Qv n‡jv-‡hvMvb|  Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡Y mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z-VC
 bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó nq-Drcv`‡bi gva¨‡g| 24. wb‡Pi †Kvb †iLvwU f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj?
17. TC µgn«vmgvb nv‡i evo‡j MC ‡iLv †Kgb n‡e? K. TVC L. TFC M. AFC N. AVC
K. Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx L. Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
M. f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N. j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj  f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq-TFC ‡iLv|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!  g~j we›`y †_‡K EaŸ©Mvgx-TVC
 TC µgn«vmgvb nv‡i evo‡j MC Kg‡Z _v‡K|  Drcv`‡bi cwigvY evo‡jI w¯i _v‡K-FC

97
25. ¯^íKv‡ji Rb¨ †KvbwU mZ¨? M. cwienb e¨q N. KvuPvgvj µ‡qi e¨q
K. FC = 0 L. TC = VC hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
M. TC = FC + VC N. AC = AVC  Drcv`b bv Ki‡jI enb Ki‡Z nq-w¯i LiP|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!  we`y¨r ms‡hvM e¨q-w¯i Li‡Pi AšÍ©fz³|
 `xN©Kv‡j w¯i LiP-k~b¨|  we`y¨r wej-cwieZ©bkxj e¨‡qi AšÍfz©³|
 ¯^íKv‡j †gvU LiP = w¯i LiP + cwieZ©bkxj LiP| 32. `xN©Kvjxb Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mZ¨?
 `xN©Kv‡j †gvU LiP mgvb nq-cwieZ©bkxj Li‡Pi| K. kÖg, g~jab I msMVb w¯i _v‡K wKš‧ f~wg cwiewZ©Z nq
 `xN©Kv‡j-AC = AVC nq| L. f~wg, kÖg I g~jab w¯i _v‡K wKš‧ msMVb cwiewZ©Z nq
 SAC Gi Zzjbvq ax‡i ax‡i bv‡g I ax‡i ax‡i D‡V- LAC †iLv| M. f~wg I kÖg w¯i wKš‧ g~jab I msMVb cwiewZ©Z nq
26. AwZwi³ GK GKK `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †h AwZwi³ LiP nq Zv‡K N. mKj DcKiY cwiewZ©Z nq
Kx e‡j? hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
K. †gvU cwieZ©bxq LiP L. †gvU LiP  `xN©Kv‡j mKj DcKiY- cwieZ©bkxj|
M. Mo cwieZ©bxq LiP N. cÖvwšÍK LiP  ¯^íKv‡j cwieZ©b m¤¢e-kÖ‡gi †hvMvb|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!  AšÍZ GKwU DcKiY n‡jI w¯i _v‡K-¯^í‡gqvw` Drcv`b A‡cÿ‡K|
 †Kvb `ª‡eï cÖwZ GK‡K g~j¨B n‡jv-Mo Avq| 33. cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë m¤ú‡ì AvKvi, AvK…wZ I iƒc cwieZ©b K‡i bZzb
‡gvU Avq (TR) ai‡bi Dc‡hvM m„wó m¤¢e n‡j, Zv‡K e‡j-
 Mo Avq (AR) = ‡gvU weµ‡qi cwigvY (Q) K. Drcv`b L. wewb‡qvM M. ‡hvMvb N. †fvM
 dv‡g©i Drcvw`‡Z †gvU `ªe¨ wewµ K‡i †h A_© jvf K‡i Zv n‡jv- hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
‡gvU Avq|  A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b ej‡Z †evSvq-bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó|
 mvaviY A‡_© Drcv`b ej‡Z †evSvq-Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv|
 †gvU Avq = `vg  weµ‡qi cwigvY
 g~jab `ª‡eï Rb¨ e¨wqZ A_©‡K e‡j-wewb‡qvM|
 AwZwi³ GK GKK weµq †_‡K AvqB n‡jv-cÖvwšÍK Avq|
 `v‡gi mv‡_ mggyLx m¤úK©-‡hvMv‡bi|
27. Mo Avq wbY©‡qi m~Î †KvbwU?
 eënv‡ii gva¨‡g Dc‡hvM wb:‡kl Kiv‡K e‡j-‡fvM|
AC MC
K. AR  L. AR  34. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b KZ cÖKvi?
Q Q K. 2 cÖKvi L. 3 cÖKvi M. 4 cÖKvi N. 5 cÖKvi
TR TP hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
M. AR  N. AR   gvÎvMZ Drcv`b-3 cÖKvi|
Q Q  gvÎvMZ Drcv`b n‡jv-1.µgn«vmgvb gvÎvMZ Dcv`vb
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq 2. µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b 3. mgvbycvwZK gvÎvMZ Drcv`b|
TR  `xN©Kvjxb aviYv n‡jv- gvÎvMZ Drcv`b|
 AR 
Q  `xN©‡gqvw` Drcv`b A‡cÿK n‡jv-Q = F (L,K)
 TR =P  Q 35. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b wewai †ÿ‡Î-
 MR  TRnth  TR( n 1) th K. wKQz DcKiY w¯i I wKQz DcKiY cwieZ©bxq nq
L. GKwU DcKiY evov‡bv nq, hLb Ab¨ DcKiY w¯i _v‡K
28. nviæb mv‡n‡ei cÖwZôv‡b KviLvbv fvov 20,000 UvKv, KvuPvgvj LiP M. mKj DcKiY cwieZ©bxq nq
17,000 UvKv, kÖg e¨q 3,000 UvKv, PjwZ g~ja‡bi my` 2,000 N. GKwU DcKiY w¯i I Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY cwieZ©bxq nq
UvKv| †gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q KZ?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
K. 19,000 UvKv L. 22,000 UvKv
 mKj DcKiY cwieZ©bkxj nq-gvÎvMZ Drcv`b wewai †ÿ‡Î|
M. 23,000 UvKv N. 45,000 UvKv
 AwaK nv‡i e„w× cvq-µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
 Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z-‡gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q|  wkí Lv‡Z Kvh©Ki nq-mgvbycvwZK gvÎvMZ Drcv`b|
 gvÎvMZ Drcv`b `xN©Kvjxb Drcv`b‡K evovq-mgvb nv‡i|
 Drcv`b eÜ _vK‡j enb Ki‡Z nq bv-cwieZ©bkxj LiP|
 ¯^íKv‡j I `xN©Kvj Dfq mg‡qB we‡eP¨-gvÎvMZ Drcv`b|
 Drcv`b eÜ _vK‡jI ‡h e¨q enb Ki‡Z nq-w¯i e¨q|
29. dv‡g©i †Kvb e¨q †iLvi AvK…wZ mgcive„ËvKvi nq? 36. Mo (AC) = cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC) n‡e hLb-
K. AVC L. AFC M. AC N. MC K. ‡iLv AC wb¤œMvgx L. MC †iLv wb¤œMvgx
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!! M. AC me©wb¤œ N. MC me©wb¤œ
 U AvK…wZi nq- AC †iLv| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
 cY¨ I †mev cÖwZ GKK e¨q‡K e‡j- Mo e¨q|
 AC ‡iLv U AvK…wZi nq-¯^íKv‡j|
 hLb AC me©wb¤œ ZLb-AC = MC nq|
 mge„ËvKvi nq-AFC †iLv|
 ‘U’ AvK…wZi g‡Zv nq AC †iLv|
 f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj bq-FC †iLv|
 MC ‡h nv‡i ev‡o AC ‡m nv‡i ev‡o bv A_v©r MC > AC
30. TFC=10,TVC=20 Drcv`‡bi cwigvY Q=10 n‡j TC = KZ?
K. 100 L. 30 M. 20 N. 10  AC I MC ‡iLvi g‡a¨ m¤úK©-AC > MC, MC = AC, MC
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!! > AC
 Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³ bq-FC|  Mo e¨q †iLv EaŸ©Mvgx n‡j MC > AC nq|
 Drcv`b evov‡j cwieZ©bkxj e¨qI-ev‡o| 37. ‡Kvb †iLvi AvK…wZ f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq?
 Drcv`b eÜ _vK‡j VC-k~b¨ nq| K. AFC L. TFC M. AC N. TVC
31. ‡KvbwU w¯’i Li‡Pi AšÍfz©³? hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
K. we`y¨r ms‡hvM e¨q L. we`y¨r wej  ‡gvU Drcv`b evo–K ev KgyK AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K- TFC.
98
 ¯^íKv‡j STC nq- TFC + TVC. i. hš¿cvwZ ii. kÖwgK iii. KvuPvgvj
 mgcive„ËvKvi g‡b nq-AFC ‡iLv‡K| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 Drcv`‡bi cwigvY e„w×i DcKiY eve` e¨q‡K e‡j-‡gvU e¨q (TC)| K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
 Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡Yi Ici wbf©ikxj-‡gvU e¨q AC| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
 `xN©Kvjxb aviYv n‡jv- TVC.  mKj DcKiY cwieZ©b m¤¢e- `xN©Kv‡j|
38. ‡KvbwU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q?  wKQz DcKiY cwieZ©b Kiv hvq-¯^íKv‡j|
K. ¯vqx Kg©Pvixi †eZb L. evwo fvov  AcwieZ©bkxj DcKiY cÖKvk Kiv nq-evi wPý w`‡q ( K , L) |
M. `xN©‡gqvw` g~ja‡bi my` N. kÖ‡gi gRywi  Drcv`b †K․k‡ji cwieZ©b m¤¢e nq-¯^í‡gqvw` Drcv`b A‡cÿ‡K|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!  Dcv`vb¸‡jv ÿz`ª ÿz`ª GK‡K wefvR¨ _v‡K-¯^í‡gqvw` Drcv`b
 Drcv`b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ kÖwg‡Ki gRywi n‡jv-cwieZb©kxj| A‡cÿ‡K|
 Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡Yi e¨‡qi †h cwieZ©b Zv‡K e‡j-cwieZ©bkxj e¨q| 44. AC ‡iLvi me©wb¤œ we›`y‡Z-
 ¯vqx Kg©Pvixi †eZb, fvov n‡jv-w¯i e¨q| i. MC me©wb¤œ
 `xN©Kv‡ji Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨-cwieZ©bkxj e¨q| ii. AC = MC nq
 ¯^í‡gqv‡ì e¨q n‡jv-w¯i e¨q| iii. MC ‡iLv µgea©gvb
39. wb‡Pi †Kvb †iLvwU g~j we›`y †_‡K ïiæ nq? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. †gvU cwieZ©bkxj LiP L. †gvU w¯i LiP
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
M. †gvU LiP N. Mo LiP
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
 cY¨ I †mevi cÖwZ GK‡Ki e¨q‡K e‡j-Mo e¨q|
 Drcv`b e¨q k~b¨ n‡j Aw¯ÍZ¡ _v‡K bv- cwieZ©bxq e¨‡qi|
 hLb AC me©wb¤œ nq ZLb-AC = MC nq|
 Drcv`b e„w×i mv‡_ cwiewZ©Z nq-cwieZ©bxq e¨q|
 g~j we›`y †_‡K ïiæ nq-‡gvU cwieZ©bxq LiP †iLv|  AC ‡iLv me©wb¤œ n‡j µgea©gvb nq-MC ‡iLv|
 cwigvY A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj-‡gvU w¯i LiP †iLv|  ‘U’ AvK…wZi g‡Zv nq- AC †iLv|
 cwic~iK ev Dcw¯Z e¨q e‡j-w¯i e¨q‡K|  AC wb¤œMvgx n‡j-AC > MC.
40. `xN©Kvjxb Mo e¨q (LAC)†iLv- 45. AC I MC Gi mgZv¯’‡j-
K. evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx nq i. TC me©wb¤œ
L. evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx nq ii. AC me©wb¤œ
M. A‡cÿvK…Z Lvov U AvK…wZi nq iii. MC µgea©gvb
N. A‡cÿvK…Z we¯Í…Z U AvK…wZi nq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!! K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
 `xN©‡gqv‡` me e¨qB-cwieZ©bkxj| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
 `xN©Kv‡j Mo cwieZbxq e¨q n‡jv- Mo e¨q (LAC)  AC I MC Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK©-wZbwU|
 Pvwn`v †iLv wb¤œMvgx nq-Wvb †_‡K ev‡g| AC I MC ‡iLvi g‡a¨ m¤úK© AC > MC.MC = AC, MC>
 †hvMvb †iLv EaŸ©Mvgx-evg †_‡K Wv‡b| AC
 LAC ‡iLv ax‡i ax‡i bv‡g I ax‡i ax‡i I‡V- SAC Gi Zzjbvq|  AC I MC Gi mgvšÍiv‡j me©wb¤œ nq-AC
 SAC Gi me©wb¤œ we›`y‡Z †Q` K‡i-LAC.  MC ‡iLv µgea©gvb nq- MC = AC n‡j|
41. f~wgi ‣ewkó¨ n‡jv-  Mo e¨q †iLv EaŸ©Mvgx n‡j- MC > AC nq|
i.f~wg cÖK…wZi `vb ii.†hvMvb mxgve× iii. De©iZv kw³i cv_©K¨ Av‡Q ‡UwejwU jÿ Ki Ges 46 I 47 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? L(kÖg) K(cyuwR) TP ‡gvU Drcv`b MPL kÖ‡gi cÖvwšÍK
K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii Drcv`b
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!! 4 1 16 3
 cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë †hme e¯‧ gvby‡li A_© DcvR©‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i Zv‡K 5 1 18 2
e‡j-f~wg| 6 1 18 
 f~wgi †hvMvb-mxgve×| 46.  LvwjN‡i cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b MPL KZ n‡e?
 cÖK…wZi `vb-f~wg| K. 0 L. 3 M. 6 N. 9
 Avw`g I Aÿq ÿgZv Av‡Q-f~wgi| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
 De©iZv kw³i cv_©K¨ Av‡Q-f~wgi|  †gvU Drcv`b m‡ev©”P n‡j cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b- k~b¨ nq|
 µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa cÖ‡hvR¨-f~wgi †ÿ‡Î|  GK GKK cwieZ©‡bi d‡j ‡gvU Drcv`‡bi †h cwieZ©b nq Zv‡K
42. A_©bxwZ‡Z f~wg ej‡Z †evSvq- e‡j- cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b|
i. f~-c„ô ii. b`b`x iii. evZvm  cÖwZ GKK †_‡K cÖvß cÖvwšÍK Drcv`‡bi mgwó n‡jv-‡gvU Drcv`b|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 47. DÏxc‡Ki †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU cÖ‡hvR¨?
K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii K. `xN©Kvjxb mgq we‡eP¨
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!! L. Drcv`‡bi 1g chv©q wb‡`©k K‡i
 c„w_ex‡Z †gvU f~wgi †hvMvb-mxgvev×| M. GB chv©‡q APL > MPL nq
 f~wgi †hvMvb evov‡bv m¤¢e-De©iZv kw³ evov‡bi gva¨‡g| N. µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b wb‡`©k K‡i|
 hv gvby‡li gvwjKvbvq G‡m A_© DcvR©‡bi mnvqZv K‡i Zv-f~wg| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
43. ¯^ínv‡i cwieZ©b Kiv m¤¢e-  †gvU Drcv`b m‡ev©”P n‡j cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b- k~b¨ nq|
 `xN©Kv‡j Drcv`‡bi DcKiYmg~n-cwieZ©bkxj|
99
 cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b FYvZ¥K nq-3q chv©‡q|  Drcv`b wewa‡K fvM Kiv hvq-wZb fv‡M|
 Drcv`‡bi cÖv_wgK ev 1g chv©‡q e„w× cvq- MP  Drcv`b wewa n‡jv- µgn«vmgvb, µgea©gvb I mgvbycvwZK cÖvwšÍK
 kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv I Kjv‡K․k‡ji Dci wbf©i K‡i-cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b| Drcv`b wewa|
 wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 48 I 49 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt  µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b Kvh©Ki-K…wl‡ÿ‡Î|
 cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai g~j¨ K_v-cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b µgn«vmgvb|
 kÖg wbweo Drcv`b A‡cÿK ejv nq-µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b‡K|
 ¯^íKv‡j GKwU DcKiY cwieZ©bkxj n‡j AciwU n‡e-w¯i|
 µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b e„w× cvq-AwaK nv‡i|
 DÏxcKwU co Ges 52 I 53 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!! GKwU KviLvbvq 1wU †gwk‡bi mvnv‡h¨ 6 Rb kÖwgK 10wU `ªe¨
 µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai c~Y©v½Zv †`b-gvkv©j| Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i| bZyb 1 Rb kÖwgK wb‡qvM w`‡j Drcv`‡bi
 K…wl‡ÿ‡Î we‡klfv‡e Kvh©Ki-µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa| cwigvY e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i| bZzb 1 Rb kÖwgK wb‡qvM w`‡j Drcv`b
 Drcv`b DcKiY wb‡qv‡Mi Zzjbvq Drcv`‡bi cwigvY n«vm cvq- AviI e„w× cvq bv|
µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa‡Z| 52. 7g kÖwg‡Ki cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b KZ?
 gvÎvMZ Drcv`b `xN©Kv‡j Drcv`b‡K evovq-mgvbfv‡e| K. 6 GKK L. 7 GKK M. 3 GKK N. 13 GKK
 µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa‡Z †gvU Drcv`b ev‡o-µgn«vmgvb hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
nv‡i|  me©‡kl DcKi‡Yi Drcv`bB n‡jv-cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b|
48. Drcv`‡bi cwigvY 100 GK‡Ki †P‡q Kg n‡j cÖvwšÍK LiP MC KZ  AwZwi³ GK GKK DcKiY wb‡qv‡Mi d‡j †mwU Drcv`‡bi
n‡e? hZUzKz cwieZ©b K‡i Zv‡K e‡j-cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b|
K. MC < 15 L. MC = 15 53. D³ KviLvbvi †ÿ‡Î Drcv`b-
M. MC < 100 N. MC = 100 i. kÖg I g~ja‡bi Dci wbf©ikxj A_v©r Q = (L , K)
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!! ii. Drcv`b A‡cÿK `xN©Kvjxb
 GK GKK Drcv`b e„w×i Rb¨ †gvU e¨‡qi †h cwieZ©b nq Zv‡K iii. µgn«vmmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa Kvh©Ki
e‡j- cÖvwšÍK e¨q| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 †Kvb `ª‡eï cÖwZ GKK Drcv`b Ki‡Z †h e¨q nq Zv-Mo e¨q| K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
 AC I MC Gi ms‡hvM¯‡j me©wb¤œ nq- AC| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
 AC ‡iLv me©wb¤œ we›`yi evg cv‡k- MC < AC nq|  DcKi‡Yi (L) Dci evi (-) wPý w`‡q eySv‡bv nq DcKiYwU-w¯i|
49. wP‡Î †iLvwUi AvK…wZ Giƒc nevi KviY Kx?  mKj DcKiY cwieZ©b nq-`xN©Kvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿ‡K|
K. SAC = AFC + AVC  DÏxcKwU co Ges 54 I 55 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
L. SAC = AVC mswgkÖY Rwg kÖg I g~jab ‡gvU cÖvwšÍK
M. AVC mgcive„ËvKvi Drcv`b Drcv`b
N. AFC me©ÎB AVC Gi †P‡q kw³kvjx A 1 GKi 100 UvKv 5 gY 5 gb
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!! B 1 GKi 200 UvKv 9 gY 4 gY
 ¯^íKv‡j AC ‡iLv U AvK…wZi nq| C 1 GKi 300 UvKv 12 gY 3 gY
 FC ‡ewk nIqvq AC I †ewk nq Drcv`‡bi-1g chv©‡q| 54. DÏxc‡K Drcv`‡bi †h wewa Kvh©Ki Zv n‡jv-
 VC ‡ewk nIqvq AC I †ewk nq Drcv`‡bi-3q chv©‡q| i. µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
 AFC I AVC `y‡UvB me©wb¤œ n‡j- AC me©wb¤œ nq| ii. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
 QKwU jÿ Ki Ges 50 I 51 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt iii. mgvbycvwZK Drcv`b wewa
Rwgi cwigvY kÖg (L) ‡gvU Drcv`b (TP) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
5 GKK 2 GKK 4 GKK K. i L. ii M. i I iii N. i I iii
5 GKK 3 GKK 10 GKK hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
 Drcv`‡bi DcKiY e„w× nv‡ii †P‡q Drcv`b e„w×i nvi †ewk nq-
5 GKK 4 GKK 20 GKK
µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa‡Z|
50. Rwg‡Z 4 GKK kÖg wb‡qvM Kiv n‡j Mo Drcv`b (AP) KZ?
 cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b ax‡i ax‡i Kg‡Z _v‡K- µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK
K. 3 GKK L. 5 GKK M. 6 GKK N. 10 GKK
Drcv`b wewa‡Z|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
‡gvU Drcv`b  Drcv`b w¯i nv‡i ev‡o-mgvbycvwZK Drcv`b wewa‡Z|
 Mo Drcv`b= ‡gvU DcKi‡Yi cwigvY 55. DÏxc‡K †h Drcv`b wewa Kvh©Ki Zv †Kvb Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î we‡klfv‡e
cÖ‡hvR¨?
 DcKiY cÖwZ Drcv`bB n‡jv-Mo Drcv`b| K. wkí LvZ L. evwYR¨ LvZ M. K…wl LvZ N. †mev LvZ
 me©‡kl DcKi‡Yi Drcv`bB n‡jv-cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
51. D³ Rwg‡Z †h Drcv`b wewa Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q Zv mvaviY †`Lv hvq-  µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa cÖ‡hvR¨-K…wl Lv‡Z|
i. Drcv`‡bi cÖv_wgK chv©‡q  µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa cÖ‡hvR¨-wkí Lv‡Z|
ii. Pvlvev` c×wZ AvaywbKxKi‡Y  mgvbycvwZK cÖvwšÍK Dcv`vb wewa cÖ‡hvR¨-evwYR¨ Lv‡Z|
iii. b`x,wej,cyKz‡ii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!  wP‡Îi wfwË‡Z 56 I 57 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
100
3 GKK 48 GKK
4 GKK 56 GKK
61. PZz_© GKK kÖ‡gi cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b KZ?
K. 8 GKK L. 12 GKK M. 16 GKK N. 20 GKK
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
 GK GKK DcKiY e„w×‡Z †gvU Drcv`‡bi †h cwieZ©b ZvB- MP
 µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai c~Yv©½Zv Av‡bb-gvkv©j|
56. wP‡Î C we›`y‡Z Drcv`‡bi cwigvY KZ n‡e?
K. 38 L. 39 M. 42 N. 45  Drcv`‡bi cÖv_wgK chv©‡q ev‡o-cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!  FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i- cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b|
 w¯i gvÎvMZ Drcv`b‡K ¯^ínv‡i e‡j-mgvbycvwZK cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b  µgvMZ AwaK DcKiY wb‡qvM Ki‡jI Kg‡Z _v‡K- cÖvwšÍK
wewa| Drcv`b|
 gvÎvMZ Drcv`b GKwU-`xN©Kvjxb aviYv| 62. DÏxc‡K †Kvb wewa Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q?
K. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b µgea©gvb L. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b w¯i
 µgn«vmgvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b cÖ‡hvR¨-K…wl †ÿ‡Î|
M. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b µgn«vmgvb N. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b FYvZ¥K
57. Dc‡ii wPÎwU †Kvb ai‡bi Drcv`b wewai mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©?
K. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
L. µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa  cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai g~j K_v- cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b µgn«vmgvb|
M. µgn«vmgvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b  µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa AwaK Kvh©Ki-K…wl‡Z|
N. w¯i gvÎvMZ Drcv`b  µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai MP ‡iLv wb¤œMvgx-Wv‡b|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!  GKwU we‡kl mg‡q FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i-cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b|
 Drcv`b wewa‡K fvM Kiv hvq-wZb fv‡M|  µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa‡Z mgv‡ek N‡U-`ÿ D‡`¨v³v,DbœZ
 µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b Kvh©Ki- K…wl‡ÿ‡Î| hš¿cvwZi|
 cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai g~j K_v-cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b µgn«vmgvb|  DcKiY wb‡qv‡Mi nvi Drcv`b e„w×i nv‡i n‡j Zv wb‡`©k K‡i-
 ¯^íKv‡j GKwU DcKiY cwieZ©bkxj n‡j AciwU n‡e-w¯i| cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b w¯i|
 µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b e„w× cvq-AwaK nv‡i|  DÏxcKwU co Ges 63 I 64 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
 DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges 58 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt Kwi‡gi GKwU †Mvjvc dz‡ji evMvb Av‡Q| cÖwZw`b †m cÖwZ dyj 5
UvKv K‡i 1000 wU dzj wewµ K‡i Ges cÖwZ dz‡ji Rb¨ Zvi e¨q 3
UvKv| dzj wewµ †_‡K AwR©Z Av‡qi gva¨‡g †m AviI GKwU Rwg
µq Ges kÖwg‡Ki cwigvY e„w× K‡i| G‡Z Zvi Avq w`b w`b †e‡o
P‡j‡Q|
58. wP‡Î C ‡iLvwU ¯^íKvjxb Kx ai‡bi e¨q wb‡`©k K‡i? 63. Kwi‡gi †Mvjvc dzj wewµ †gvU gybvdv KZ?
K. Mo e¨q L. †gvU e¨q K. 2000 UvKv L. 3000 UvKv
M. ‡gvU w¯i e¨q N. †gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q M. 4000 UvKv N. 5000 UvKv
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!! hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
 g~j we›`y †_‡K ïiæ nq- †gvU cwieZ©bkxj nq|  A_©bxwZ‡Z gybvdv n‡jv-‡gvU Avq-‡gvU e¨q|
 Drcv`b ©k~b¨ n‡j TVC- k~b¨ nq|  Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ wewµ K‡i Drcv`bKvix cvq-gybvdv|
 ¯^íKv‡j TC †iLv ïiæ nq- FC Gi Dci †_‡K|  Drcv`bKvix me `ªe¨ wewµ K‡i cvq-‡gvU Avq|
 DÏxcKwU co Ges 59 I 60 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt  †gvU Avq ej‡Z †evSvq- P  Q.
kwdK wbR D‡`¨vM GKwU iæwU KviLvbv ¯vcb Kij| iæwU Drcv`‡bi  `vg w¯i †_‡K wewµ evo‡j e„w× cvq-‡gvU Avq|
Rb¨ KvuPvgvj, we`y¨r wej, cwienb e¨q I cÖnixi †eZb eve` 64. Kwi‡gi Rwg‡Z Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q-
h_vµ‡g 15,000,1,500,3,000 I 2,000 UvKv LiP nq| i. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
59. kwd‡Ki iæwUi KviLvbvi †gvU cwieZ©bxq Li‡Pi (TVC) cwigvY KZ? ii. µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
K. 18,000 UvKv L. 19,500 UvKv
iii. kÖgwbweo Drcv`b A‡cÿK
M. 20,000 UvKv N. 21,500 UvKv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
 KvuPvgvj eve` e¨q- cwieZ©bkxj e¨‡qi AšÍfz©³|
 Drcv`b bv Ki‡j cwienb e¨q- k~b¨ n‡e| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
 Drcv`b wewa‡K fvM Kiv hvq- wZb fv‡M|
 cwieZ©bkxj e¨q ev‡o- Drcv`b evovi mv‡_|
 Drcv`b wewa n‡jv- µgn«vmmgvb, µgea©gvb I mgvbycvwZK
60. wb‡Pi †KvbwU DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K w¯’i LiP?
K. KvuPvgvj L. we`y¨r wej M. cÖnixi †eZb N. cwienb e¨q cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa|
 µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b Kvh©Ki-K…wl‡ÿ‡Î|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!!
 Drcv`b evo‡jI w¯i _v‡K-w¯i LiP|  ¯^íKv‡j GKwU DcKiY cwieZ©bkxj n‡j AciwU n‡e-w¯i|
 Drcv`b evo‡j cwieZ©bkxj e¨q-‡e‡o hvq|  µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b e„w× cvq-AwaK nv‡i|
 we`y¨r wej, cwienb e¨q, KvuPvgvj BZ¨vw`-cwieZ©kxj e¨‡qi AšÍfz©&³|
 DÏxcKwU co Ges 61 I 62 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
kÖg †gvU Drcv`b
1 GKK 20 GKK
2 GKK 36 GKK
 DÏxcKwU co Ges 65 I 66 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
101
Rwgi cwigvY (GKK) kÖg †gvU Drcv`b 34.L 35.M 36.M 37.L 38.N 39.K 40.N
1 10 300 41.N 42.N 43.M 44.M 45.M 46.K 47.M
1 20 450 48.K 49.K 50.L 51.L 52.M 53.L 54.L
1 30 550 55.M 56.L 57.M 58.N 59.L 60.M 61.K
1 40 600 62.M 63.K 64.L 65.L 66.K 67.K 68.N
65. m~wP Abymv‡i 20 Rb kÖwgK wb‡qvM Ki‡j cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b KZ n‡e? Abykxjbx cvV-2
K. 300 L. 150 M. 100 N. 50
Drcv`b
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!! 1| bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i †KvbwU?
 GK GKK DcKiY wb‡qv‡M Drcv`‡bi cwieZ©b n‡jv- cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b| K) Pvwn`v L) †fvM M) ‡hvMvb N) Drcv`b
 Drcv`‡bi cÖv_wgK chv©‡q e„w× cvq-cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b| 2| Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb‡K Kx e‡j?
 FYvZ¥K n‡Z cv‡i-cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b| K) kÖg L) g~jab M) msMVb N) f‚wg
 kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv,Kjv‡K․k‡ji Ici wbf©i K‡i-cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b| 3| ‡Kvb DcKiYwUi Drcv`b Kvh©µg Z`viwK K‡i?
 µgn«vmgvb, mgvbycvwZK, µgea©gvb n‡Z cv‡i, cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b| K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) msMVb N) g~jab
66. DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb wewa Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q? 4| mÂq †Kvb DcKi‡Yi Drm?
K. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) msMVb
L. µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa 5| Drcv`‡bi DcKiYmg~n‡K GKwU wbw`©ó nv‡i e„w× Ki‡j Drcv`‡bi
M. µgn«vmgvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b wewa †h cwieZ©b N‡U Zv‡K e‡j?
N. µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b wewa K) Drcv`b wewa L) gvÎvMZ Drcv`b
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!! M) Drcv`b e¨q N) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b
 µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai c~Yv©½Zv †`b- gvkv©j| 6| ‡KvbwU Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY?
 K…wl‡ÿ‡Î we‡klfv‡e Kvh©Ki-µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa| K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) msMVb
 AwaK nv‡i e„w× cvq- µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa| 7| cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë m¤ú‡ì AvKvi, AvK…wZ I iƒc cwieZ©b K‡i bZzb
 gvÎvMZ Drcv`b `xN©Kv‡j Drcv`b‡K evovq-mgvbfv‡e| ai‡Yi Dc‡hvM m„wó m¤¢e n‡j, Zv‡K e‡j-
 DÏxcKwU co Ges 67 I 68 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt K) Drcv`b L) wewb‡qvM M) †hvMvb N) †fvM
kÖ‡gi wb‡qvM ‡gvU Drcv`b 8| gvÎvMZ Drcv`b KZ cÖKvi?
(GKK) (GKK) K) 2 cÖKvi L) 3 cÖKvi M) 4 cÖKvi N) 5 cÖKvi
1 8 9| gvÎvMZ Drcv`b wewai †ÿ‡ÎÑ
2 16 K) wKQz DcKiY w¯i I wKQz DcKiY cwieZ©bxq nq
3 24 L) GKwU DcKiY evov‡bv nq, hLb Ab¨ DcKiY w¯i _v‡K
4 32 M) mKj DcKiY cwieZ©bxq nq
67. DÏxc‡K Mo Drcv`b KZ? N) GKwU DcKiY w¯i I Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY cwieZ©bxq nq
K. 8 L. 16 M. 24 N. 32 10|Drcv`b ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!! K) Avq m„wó L) DcKiY eënvi
 cwieZ©bkxj DcKiY Øviv †gvU Drcv`b‡K fvM Ki‡j cvIqv hvq- M) bZzb `ªe¨ m„wó N) bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó
Mo Drcv`b (AP). 11| Drcv`‡bi †Kvb Dcv`vbwU Awebk¦i?
Q f ( L, K ) K) g~jab L) msMVb M) kÖg N) f‚wg
 Mo Drcv`‡bi m~Î n‡jv- APL   12| A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
L L K) bZzb `ªe¨ m„wó L) AwZwi³ Avq m„wó
 Mo Drcv`b ej‡Z †evSvq-‡gvU Drcv`b-‡gvU DcKiY|
M) bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó N) DcKiY GKÎxKiY
 MP evo‡Z _vK‡j- AP evo‡Z _v‡K| 13|GKwU Drcv`b A‡cÿ‡K, Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ wb‡P †KvbwUi m¤úK©
 cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b †iLv †Q`- K‡i- Mo Drcv`b †iLvi m‡ev©”P we›`y‡Z| cÖKvk cvq?
68. Mo Drcv`b (AP) I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (MP) ‡iLvi AvK…wZ n‡e- K) `v‡gi L) DcKi‡Yi
K. AP EaŸ©Mvgx I MP wb¤œMvgx M) my‡ì N) Pvwn`vi
L. AP f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj I MP wb¤œMvgx 14|Drcv`b I DcKi‡Yi ga¨Kvi KvwiMwi m¤úK©‡K e‡jÑ
M. AP wb¤œMvgx I MP EaŸ©Mvgx K) Drcv`K wewa L) Drcv`b A‡cÿK
N. AP I MP Df‡qB f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj M) gvÎvMZ Drcv`b N) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq !!! 15|‡Kv‡bv wKQz Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ †h mKj e¯‧i †mevKg© cÖ‡qvRb Zv‡K e‡jÑ
 Mo Drcv`b I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`‡bi g‡a¨ m¤úK©-wZb ai‡bi| K) Drcv`b A‡cÿK L) Drcv`‡bi DcKiY
 Drcv`‡bi cÖv_wgK ev 1g chv©‡q e„w× cvq- MP M) gvÎvMZ Drcv`b N) Drcv`b c×wZ
 cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b ev Mo Drcv`b mgvb nq-2q ¯Í‡i| 16| ‡KvbwU ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿK?
 cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b Mo Drcv`‡bi †P‡q Kg- Z…Zxq ¯Í‡i| K) Q  f ( K , L) L) Q  f (K , L)
 cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b FYvZ¥K nq-3q ¯Í‡i|
DËicÎ 1.L 2.L 3.L 4.M 5.N M) Q  f ( K , L ) N) Q  f ( P )
6.M 7.L 8.L 9.K 10.N 11.M 12.M
13.N 14.M 15.K 16.N 17.L 18.L 19.K
20.N 21.N 22.K 23.K 24.L 25.M 26.N 17|Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vb¸‡jvi cÖ‡qvRb Abymv‡i mgš^q mva‡bi KvR †h
27.M 28.L 29.L 30.L 31.K 32.N 33.K K‡i, Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
102
K) †fv³v L) msMVb M) Drcv`K N) msMVb 41|Abye©i Rwg‡K Pvlvev‡ì Dc‡hvMx K‡i Zv‡Z †ewk kÖg I g~jab
18|Av‡Li †Qveov †_‡K KvMR •Zwi n‡j Kx ai‡bi Dc‡hvM m„wó nq? wewb‡qvM Ki‡j eQi cÖvwšÍK Drcv`bÑ
K) ¯vbMZ L) iƒcMZ M) †mevMZ N) mgqMZ K) evo‡e L) Kg‡e M) k~b¨ n‡e N) AciewZ©Z _vK‡e
19| µgnªvmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewawU Kvi n‡Z cwikxjZv iƒc jvf K‡i? 42| Lwbi Mfx‡i hZ hvIqv hv‡e Drcv`b e¨q ZZÑ
K) w÷Mjvi L) gvkv©j M) Uvi‡Mv N) GWIqvW© I‡q›U K) ev‡o L) K‡g M) k~b¨ n‡e N) AciewZ©Z _vK‡e
20| bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv‡K Kx e‡j? 43| Dcv`v‡bi gvÎv †h nv‡i ev‡o Drcv`b †m nv‡i evo‡j Zv‡K ejv nqÑ
K) m¤ú` L) DcKiY M) Dcv`vb N) Drcv`b K) µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b L) µgn«vmgvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b
21| cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j †gvU Drcv`bÑ M) w¯i gvÎvMZ Drcv`b N) k~b¨ gvÎvMZ Drcv`b
K) m‡ev©”P L) me©wb¤œ M) FYvZ¥K N) w¯i 44| w¯i mgvbycvwZK gvÎvMZ Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î DcKi‡Yi gvÎv wØ¸Y
22|Drcv`‡bi †h Ask cybivq Drcv`b Kv‡R eëüZ nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j? evov‡bv n‡j Drcv`b ev‡oÑ
K) f‚wg L) g~jab M) kÖg N) msMVb K) wØ¸Y L) wØ¸‡Yi †ewk M) evo‡e bv N) wØ¸‡Yi Kg
23| µgn«vmgvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ †KvbwU? 45| f‚wgi •ewkó¨ n‡jvÑ
K) Drcv`‡bi ¯^íKvj we‡eP¨ i) f‚wg cÖK…wZi `vb ii) †hvMvb mxgve×
L) mKj DcKiY cwieZ©bkxj iii) De©iZv kw³i cv_©K¨ Av‡Q
M) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b µgn«vmgvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
N) GKwU DcKiY cwieZ©bkxj K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
24| GK GKK DcKiY e„w×i d‡j †gvU Drcv`‡bi †h cwieZ©b N‡U 46| A_©bxwZ‡Z f‚wg ej‡Z †evSvqÑ
Zv‡K Kx e‡j? i) f‚c„ó ii) b`b`x iii) evZvm
K) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b L) †gvU Drcv`b wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) cÖvwšÍK Avq N) Mo Drcv`b K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
25| hw` †fvM ej‡Z Dc‡hv‡Mi eënvi †evSvq Z‡e Drcv`b ej‡Z Kx 47| ‡gvU Drcv`b hLb µgea©gvb nv‡i ev‡o ZLbÑ
†evSvq? i) Mo Drcv`b I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b ev‡o
K) †hvMvb m„wó L) Pvwn`v m„wó M) gRy` m„wó N) Dc‡hvM m„wó ii) Mo Drcv`b K‡g I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b ev‡o
26|Drcv`‡bi cwigvY wbf©i K‡iÑ
iii) Mo Drcv`b †_‡K cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b †ewk _v‡K
K) Dc‡hvM wb‡qv‡Mi Ici L) g~jab wb‡qv‡Mi Ici
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) kÖg wb‡qv‡Mi Ici N) DcKiY wb‡qv‡Mi Ici
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
27| ‡KvbwU Drcv`‡bi DcKiY bq?
48| f‚wg Drcv`‡bi †h ai‡bi Dcv`vbÑ
K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) Dc‡hvM
28| f‚wgi †hvMvbÑ i) Avw` ii) Av‡cwÿK iii) †g․wjK
K) e„w× cvq L) n«vm cvq M) mxgve× N) Amxg wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
29|kÖg n‡”Q Drcv`‡biÑ K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) Pvwn`v L) Dc‡hvM M) †hvMvb N) Dcv`vb 49| gvby‡li Drcv`‡bi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jvÑ
30| wb‡Pi †KvbwU Ro c`v_© bq? i) cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡bv ii) gybvdv AvniY iii) Kj¨vY e„w×
K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) msMVb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
31|wb‡Pi †KvbwUi MwZkxjZv ‡bB? K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) Drcv`b 50| kÖ‡gi •ewkó¨ n‡jvÑ
32| `vg e„w×i mv‡_ kÖ‡gi †hvMvbÑ i) MwZkxj ii) mxgve× †hvMvb iii) Kj¨vY e„w×
K) e„w× cvq bv L) n«vm cvq bv M) K‡g N) ev‡o wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
33| Drcv`K ev D‡`¨v³v g~jab‡K Kx `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †`‡LÑ K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) Dc‡hvM L) Avq M) e¨q N) gybvdv 51|µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa †h ‡ÿ‡Î Kvh©KiÑ
34| ‡KvbwU g~jab bq? i) Lwb ii) wkíKviLvbv iii) grm¨
K) hš¿cvwZ L) Rwg M) KuvPvgvj N) ¸`vgNi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
35| Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ DcKiY‡K msNe×fv‡e mgš^q mvab K‡i Aí mg‡qI K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
Aí e¨‡q AwaK cwigv‡Y Drcv`b Kivi cwiPvjbv c×wZ‡K e‡jÑ 52| gvÎvMZ Drcv`b n‡jv-
K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) msMVb i) µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b ii) w¯i gvÎvMZ Drcv`b
36| D‡`¨v³v‡K wk‡íi PvjK ev cÖfz †K e‡j‡Qb? iii) µgn«vmgvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b
K) gvk©vj L) w¯§_ M) iweÝ N) _gmb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
37| GK †ckv †_‡K Ab¨ †ckv ¯vbvšÍi‡K e‡j- K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) †f․‡MvwjK MwZkxjZv L) AvÂwjK MwZkxjZv wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 53 I 54 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
M) †ckvMZ MwZkxjZv N) g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv mswgkÖY Rwg kÖg I g~jab ‡gvU Drcv`b cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b
38| f‚wgi †Kvb ai‡bi MwZkxjZv †bB? A 1 GKi 100 UvKv 5 gY 5 gY
K) AvÂwjK L) †ckvMZ M) g~jab N) msMVb B 1 GKi 200 UvKv 9 gY 4 gY
39| kÖ‡gi †Kvb ai‡bi MwZkxjZv Av‡Q? C 1 GKi 300 UvKv 12 gY 3 gY
K)AvÂwjK L) †f․‡MvwjK M)‡ckvMZ N) ‡f․‡MvwjK I ‡ckvMZ 53| DÏxc‡K Drcv`‡bi †h wewa Kvh©Ki Zv n‡jv-
i) µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
40| ‡KvbwUi Øviv cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` gvby‡li eënv‡ii Dc‡hvMx Kiv nq? ii) µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) msMVb iii) mgvbycvwZK Drcv`b wewa

103
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ¯^íKv‡j GKwU †Kv¤úvwb‡Z 2 Rb kÖwgK 10 GKK, 3 Rb kÖwgK 15
K) i L) ii M) i I ii N) i I iii GKK I 4 Rb kªwgK 18 GKK `ªe¨ Drcv`b K‡i|
54| DÏxc‡Ki †h Drcv`b wewa Kvh©Ki Zv †Kvb Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î 63| DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb Drcv`b wewa Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q?
we‡klfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨? K) µgea©gvb L) mgvbycvwZK
K) wkí LvZ L) evwYR¨ LvZ M) K…wl LvZ N) †mev LvZ M) µgn«vmgvb N) w¯i
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 55 I 56 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 64| DÏxc‡K wewawU Kvh©Ki nIqvi KviY-
GKwU KviLvbvq 1wU †gwk‡bi mvnv‡h¨ 6 Rb kÖwgK 10wU `ªe¨ i) g~jab w¯i ii) kªwg‡Ki `ÿZv Amgvb iii) ¯^íKvj we‡eP¨
Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i| bZzb 1 Rb kÖwgK wb‡qvM w`‡j Drcv`‡bi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
cwigvY e„w× †c‡q 13wU nq| Z‡e 7g kÖwgK wb‡qvM w`‡j KviLvbvq K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
Drcv`b Avi e„w× cvq bv| wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 65 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
55| 7g kÖwg‡Ki cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b KZ?
K) 6 GKK L) 7 GKK M) 3 GKK N) 13 GKK
56| D³ KviLvbvi †ÿ‡Î Drcv`b kÖg I g~ja‡bi Ici wbf©ikxj A_©vr
Q  f (L, k )
i) Drcv`b A‡cÿK ¯^íKvjxb
ii) Drcv`b A‡cÿK `xN©Kvjxb
iii) µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa Kvh©Ki 65|wP‡Î j¤^ Aÿ eivei †hvMvb †iLvwU Drcv`‡bi †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) msMVb L) kÖg
K) i I ii L) ii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii M) g~jab N) f‚wg
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 57 I 58 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 66 I 67 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
kÖ‡gi wb‡qvM (GKK) ‡gvU Drcv`b (GKK)
1 8
2 16
3 24
4 32
57| DÏxc‡K Mo Drcv`b KZ? 66|DÏxc‡Ki Aw¼Z †iLvwU wK wb‡`©k K‡i?
K) 8 L) 16 M) 24 N) 32 K) ‡gvU Drcv`b L) Mo Drcv`b
58| Mo Drcv`b ( AP ) I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (MP) †iLvi AvK…wZ n‡e- M) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b N) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
67|DÏxc‡K Aw¼Z †iLvwU OX Aÿ‡K †Q` Ki‡j Gi gvb KZ n‡e?
K) AP Ea©Mvgx I MP wb¤œMvgx
K) abvZ¥K L) FYvZ¥K M) k~b¨ N) me©wb¤œ
L) AP f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj I MP wb¤œMvgx
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 68 I 69 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
M) AP DaŸ©Mvgx I MP DaŸ©Mvgx we`y¨r Zvi evevi 5 KvVv Rwg‡Z Mg Pvl K‡i| G Rwg‡Z 2 Rb
N) AP I MP Df‡qB f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj kÖwgK KvR K‡i 12 gY Mg Drcv`b K‡i| 2q eQi 3 Rb kÖwgK
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 59 I 60 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wb‡qvM K‡i 15 gY Ges 3q eQi 4 Rb kÖwgK wb‡qvM K‡i 17 gY
Kwi‡gi GKwU †Mvjvc dz‡ji evMvb Av‡Q| cÖwZw`b †m cÖwZ dzj 5 UvKv Mg Drcv`b K‡i|
K‡i 1000wU dzj wewµ K‡i Ges cÖwZ dz‡ji Rb¨ Zvi e¨q 3 UvKv| 68| we`y¨r‡Zi Mg Drcv`b A_©bxwZi †Kvb wewa‡K wb‡`©k K‡i?
dz‡ji wewµ †_‡K AwR©Z Av‡qi gva¨‡g †m AviI GK GKi Rwg µq K) µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
Ges kÖwg‡Ki cwigvY e„w× K‡i| G‡Z Zvi Avq w`b w`b †e‡o P‡j‡Q| L) mgvbycvwZK ev w¯i cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
59| Kwi‡gi †Mvjvc dzj wewµi †gvU gybvdv KZ? M) µgn«vmgvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b wewa
K) 2000 UvKv L) 3000 UvKv N) 4000 UvKv N) 5000 UvKv N) µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
60| Kwi‡gi Rwg‡Z Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q- 69|we`y¨r‡Zi Mg Drcv`b Øviv wb‡`©wkZ wewawU wb‡`©k K‡i?
i) µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa i) K…wl‡ÿ‡Î ii) LwbRm¤ú` Avni‡Yi †ÿ‡Î iii) wkí‡ÿ‡Î
ii) µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii) kÖgwbweo Drcv`b A‡cÿK K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Drcv`b e¨q
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 70| ¯^í Kv‡ji Rb¨ †KvbwU mZ¨?
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 61 I 62 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) FC  0 L) TC  VC
kÖg GKK 1 2 3 4 M) TC  FC   VC N) AC  AVC
‡gvU Drcv`b 10 20 30 40 71|wb‡Pi †Kvb †iLvwU f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj?
61| DÏxc‡K Mo Drcv`b KZ? K) TVC L) TFC M) AFC N) AVC
K) 10 L) 20 M) 30 N) 40 72| wb‡Pi †Kvb †iLvwU U AvK…wZi?
62|‡gvU Drcv`b e„w×i nvi-
K) AFC L) TFC M) AC N) TC
i) µgn«vmgvb ii) µgea©gvb iii) mgvbycvwZK 73| ‡Kvb welqwU ïaygvÎ ¯^íKv‡j m¤ú„³?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) †gvU w¯i LiP L) cwieZ©bkxj LiP
K) i L) ii M) iii N) i, ii I iii M) Mo LiP N) †gvU LiP
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 63 I 64 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

104
74| ¯^íKv‡j Drcv`b eÜ _vK‡jI dvg©‡K ev Drcv`bKvix‡K †h e¨q TC
enb Ki‡Z nq Zv‡K wK e‡j? K) TC  TVC L) MC 
Q
K) w¯i e¨q L) cwieZ©bxq e¨q
M) †gvU e¨q N) cÖvwšÍK e¨q M) AC  TFC  AVC N) TC  TFC  TVC
75| `xN©Kv‡j Mo e¨q †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb nq? 93| Rbve nvwg` GKwU we¯‥zU KviLvbv ¯vcb Ki‡jb wKš‧ Drcv`b ïiæ
K) DaŸ©Mvgx L) wb¤œMvgx Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| G‡ÿ‡Î Zvi e¨q n‡”Q-
M) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) m¤úªmvwiZ U AvK…wZi K) †gvU w¯i e¨q L) †gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q
M) Mo e¨q N) Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q
76| TFC  10, TVC  20 Drcv`‡bi cwigvY Q  10 n‡j
94| C  f (Q), GLv‡b C  Drcv`b e¨q, Q  Drcv`‡bi cwigvY,
TC  KZ?
A‡cÿKwU Kx cÖKvk Ki‡Q?
K) 100 L) 30 M) 20 N) 10
K) Drcv`b A‡cÿK L) Drcv`‡bi cwigvY
77| ‡KvbwU w¯i Li‡Pi AšÍf©y³??
M) gvÎvMZ Drcv`b L) e¨q A‡cÿK
K) we`y¨r ms‡hvM e¨q L) we`y¨r wej
95| Drcv`b Kv‡R Drcv`bKvix †h Z¨vM ¯^xKvi K‡i Zv‡K e‡j-
N) cwienb e¨q N) KvuPvgvj µ‡q e¨q
K) Avq L) e¨q
78| dv‡g©i †Kvb e¨q †iLvi AvK…wZ mgcive„ËvKvi nq?
M) Dc‡hvM N) wewb‡qvM
K) AVC L) AFC 96|A_©bxwZ‡Z ¯^íKv‡j †KvbwU cwieZ©b Kiv hvq?
M) AC N) MC K) w¯i e¨q L) cwieZ©bkxj e¨q
79| TFC I TVC Gi mgwó‡K ejv nq- M) Mo w¯i e¨q N) Mo cwieZ©©bkxj e¨q
K) AC L) MC M) TC N) VC 97| A_©bxwZ‡Z ¯^íKvj n‡jv-
80| KLb Mo e¨q ( AC ) I cÖvwšÍK e¨q ( MC ) mgvb nq? K) 2 w`b L) GK gvm
K) cÖvwšÍK e¨q ( MC ) me©wb¤œ n‡j M) K‡qK gvm N) K‡qK gvm -1 eQi
98| A_©bxwZ‡Z `xN©Kvj ejv nq †Kvb mgq‡K?
L) cÖvwšÍK e¨q ( MC ) evo‡j K) me e¨q w¯i _v‡K L) me e¨q cwieZ©bkxj _v‡K
M) Mo e¨q ( AC Kg‡j M) me e¨q aªæeK _v‡K N) me e¨q k~b¨ nq
N) Mo e¨q ( AC ) me©wb¤œ n‡j 99|`xN©Kv‡j w¯i e¨q-
81|‡gvU e¨q mgvb- K) aªæeK L) w¯i M) AcwieZ©bxq N) cwieZ©bkxj
K) MC  AC L) MC  AVC 100| LAC †Kv_vq AvK…wZ?
M) FC  MC N) TFC  TVC K) DaŸ©Mvgx Wvbw`‡K L) DaŸ©Mvgx AvK…wZi
82| Mo e¨q †iLv ( AC ) hLb wb¤œMvgx, ZLb wb‡Pi †KvbwU N‡U? M) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
101| ¯^íKvjxb †gvU e¨q KZ cÖKvi?
K) AC  MC L) MC  AVC
L) 2 cÖKvi L) 3 cÖKvi M) 4 cÖKvi N) 5 cÖKvi
M) FC  MC N) TFC  TVC 102| ¯^íKvjxb Ae¯vq Mo e¨‡qi KZwU Ask _v‡K?
83| e¨q †KvbwUi Ici wbf©ikxj? K) 2wU L) 3wU M) 4wU N) 5wU
K) Avq L) Drcv`b 103| Mo w¯i e¨q _v‡K-
M) DcKiY N) wewb‡qvM K) `xN©Kv‡j L) ¯^íKv‡j M) AZxZKv‡j N) ga¨g Kv‡j
84| wb‡Pi e¨‡qi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ †Kvb †iLvwU g~jwe›`y †_‡K ïiæ nq? 104| Mo w¯i e¨q cÖKvk Kiv nq-
K) TVC L) TFC M) TC N) AFC K) AFC L) AVC M) TVC N) TFC
85| ‡KvbwU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q?? 105| ‡gvU e¨q Ges cieZx© †gvU e¨‡qi e¨eavb n‡”Q-
K) ¯vqx Kg©Pvixi †eZb L) evwo fvov K) cÖvwšÍK Avq L) Mo Avq M) cÖvwšÍK e¨q N) Mo e¨q
M) `xN©‡gqvw` g~ja‡bi my` N) Mo LiP 106| Drcv`‡b cÖ_gw`‡K-
86| wb‡Pi †Kvb †iLvwU g~j we›`y †_‡K ïiæ nq?
K) AVC I AFC e„w× cvq L) AVC I AFC n«vm cvq
K) †gvU cwieZ©bxq LiP L) †gvU w¯i LiP
M) AVC I AFC Amxg nq N) AVC I AFC k~b¨ _v‡K
M) †gvU LiP N) Mo LiP
107| ¯^íKv‡j cwieZ©b Kiv m¤¢e??
87| ‡Kvb †iLvi AvK…wZ f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq?
i) hš¿cvwZ ii) kÖwgK iii) KvuPvgvj
K) AFC L) TFC M) AC N) TVC
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
88| ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i AwZwi³ GK GKK Drcv`‡bi d‡j †h AwZwi³ e¨q
nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) Mo e¨q L) cÖvwšÍK e¨q 108| AC I MC Gi mgZv¯‡j-
M) †gvU e¨q N) Mo cwieZ©b e¨q i) TC me©wb¤œ ii) AC me©wb¤œ iii) MC µgea©gvb
89| ‡gvU Drcv`b 5 GKK, †gvU w¯i e¨q 5 GKK Ges †gvU wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
cwieZ©bkxj e¨q 20 GKK n‡j, Mo e¨q KZ? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) 4 L) 5 M) 10 N) 20 109| AC †iLvi me©wb¤œ we›`y‡Z-
90| Drcv`b e¨q ( C ) ‡KvbwUi Ici wbf©ikxj? i) MC me©wb¤œ ii) AC  MC nq iii) MC †iLv µgea©gvb
K) gybvdv L) evRvi M) Drcv`b N) DcKiY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
91| ‡gvU e¨q‡K Drcv`‡bi cwigvY Øviv fvM Ki‡j Kx cvIqv hvq? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) AVC L) AFC M) MC N) AC
92|¯^íKvjxb Drcv`‡bi ‡ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK?

105
110|AcÖKvwkZ w¯i e¨‡qi AšÍf©y³ n‡jv-
i) dv‡g©i wbR¯^ wewìs ii) ¯vqx Kg©Pvixi †eZb Avq
iii) D‡`¨v³vi cvwikÖwgK 120| Mo Avq wbY©‡qi m~Î †KvbwU?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? AC MC
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) AR  L) AR 
Q Q
111| `xN©Kv‡j †hwU cwieZ©b Kiv hvq-
i) Nievwo ii) hš¿cvwZ iii) AvmevecÎ TR TP
M) AR  N) AR 
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Q Q
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 121|Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i-
112| Mo e¨‡qi Ask n‡jv- K) AR  MR nq L) AR  MR nq
i) Mo w¯i e¨q ii) Mo †gvU e¨q M) AR  MR nq N) AR  MR nq
iii) Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q 122| ‡gvU Avq wba©vi‡Yi m~Î †KvbwU?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? P
K) TR  P  Q L) TR 
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii Q
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 113 I 114 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: P
kwdK wbR D‡`¨v‡M GKwU iæwUi KviLvbv ¯vcb Kij| iæwU Drcv`‡bi M) TR  P  Q N) TR 
Rb¨ KvuPvgvj, we`y¨r wej, cwienb e¨q I cÖnixi †eZb eve` h_vµ‡g Q
15,000; 1,500; 3,000 I 2,000 UvKv LiP nq| 123| Drcv`‡bi g~j jÿ¨-
K) mgvRKj¨vY L) Rb‡mev M) gybvdv AR©b N) `vb
113| kwd‡Ki iæwUi KviLvbvq †gvU cwieZ©bxq Li‡Pi (TVC ) 124|Drcv`bKvix Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ wewµ K‡i gy`ªv-
cwigvY KZ? K) Avq K‡i L) e¨q K‡i M) `vb K‡i N) Rb‡mev K‡i
K)18000 UvKv L) 19500 UvKv 125|Drcv`bKvixi Avq‡K Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
M) 20000 UvKv N) 21500 UvKv K) 2 fv‡M L) 3 fv‡M M) 4 fv‡M N) 5 fv‡M
114| wb‡Pi †KvbwU DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K w¯i LiP? 126|‡Kvb Drcv`bKvix Drcvw`Z mKj `ªe¨ weµq K‡i †h cwigvY gy`ªv
K) KvuPvgvj L) we`y¨r wej M) cÖnixi †eZb N)cwienb e¨q jvf K‡i Zv‡K e‡j-
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 115 I 116 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) †gvU Avq L) Mo Avq M) cÖvwšÍK Avq N) Mo Avq
‡Kv‡bv GKwU dvg© ch©‡eÿ‡Y †`L‡Z †cj †h, •`wbK 3 GKK `ªe¨ 127| ‡gvU Avq Kx Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq?
K) TC L) AR
Drcv`b Ki‡jB dvg©wUi Mo LiP (AC) me©wb¤œ nq, hvi cwigvY
n‡jv 5 UvKv| M) MR N) TR
128| ‡gvU Av‡qi cwieZ©b cÖKvk K‡i-
115| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Drcv`b ¯Í‡i dvg©wUi •`wbK †gvU LiP KZ UvKv?
K) 3 L) 5 M) 8 N) 15 K) Q L) MR
116| hw` dvg©wU 4 GKK `ªe¨ Drcv`b K‡i, Z‡e- M) TR N) AR
i) MC evo‡e ii) AC evo‡e iii) MC  AC n‡e 129|c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvgyjK evRv‡i-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) AR  MR L) AR  MR
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii M) AR  MR = 0 N) AR  MR
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 117 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 130| TR Gi Xvj m‡ev©”P Ae¯vq-
GKwU KviLvbvq Drcv`b k~b¨ Ae¯vq †gvU e¨q 100 UvKv| 1g K) ( ve) L) ( ve)
GKK Drcv`b †gvU e¨q 120 UvKv| 2q GKK Drcv`‡b †gvU e¨q M) O N) &
130 UvKv Ges 3q GKK Drcv`‡b †gvU e¨q 160 UvKv| 131| AR †iLv MR †iLvq G Ae¯vb K‡i-
117|DÏxc‡Ki †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q? K) wb‡P L) Dc‡iM) GKmv‡_ N) evB‡ii w`‡K
K) 60 UvKv L) 130 UvKv M) 100 UvKv N) 160 UvKv 132| Drcv`bKvixi Av‡qi †kÖwYKiY n‡jv-
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 118 I 119 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: i) TR
ii) AR
iii) MR
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
133| f‚wg n‡Z cvIqv hvq-
i) Lv`¨ ii) e¯¿ iii) evm¯vb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
118| A wP‡Îi E we›`y‡Z Kx cÖKvk cvq? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) AC  MC L) AC  MC DËicÎ
M) AC  MC N) AC  MC  0 1.N 2.L 3.M 4.M 5.L 6.L 7.K 8.L
9.M 10.N 11.N 12.M 13.L 14.L 15.L 16.K
119|wP‡Î AC I MC Gi m¤ú~Y© n‡jv- 17.N 18.L 19.L 20.N 21.K 22.L 23.M 24.K
i) AC me©wb¤œ nIqvi c~‡e© AC  MC 25.N 26.N 27.N 28.M 29.N 30.L 31.K 32.K
ii) AC hLb me©wb¤œ ZLb AC  MC 33.L 34.L 35.N 36.K 37.M 38.K 39.N 40.L
iii) AC me©wb¤œ nIqvi ci AC  MC 41.K 42.K 43.M 44.K 45.N 46.N 47.N 48.M
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 49.N 50.L 51.N 52.N 53.L 54.M 55.M 56.M
57.K 58.N 59.K 60.M 61.K 62.M 63.M 64.L
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
106
65.N 66.M 67.M 68.N 69.N 70.M 71.L 72.M K) ¯^í‡gqv‡` L) `xN©‡gqv` Df‡q
73.K 74.K 75.N 76.L 77.K 78.L 79.M 80.N M) ¯^í‡gqv` I `xN©‡gqv‡` N) ‡KvbwUB bq
81.N 82.K 83.K 84.K 85.N 86.K 87.L 88.L DËi: L
89.L 90.N 91.N 92.N 93.K 94.N 95.L 96.L e¨vL¨v: Drcv`‡b eëüZ Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY Ges Kjv‡K․kj
97.N 98.L 99.N 100.L 101.K 102.K 103.L 104.K
AcwiewZ©Z ‡i‡L ‡Kvb wbw`©ó DcKiY‡K wbw`©ó nv‡i e„w× Ki‡j
105.M 106.K 107.M 108.M 109.M 110.L 111.N 112.L
113.L 114.M 115.N 116.N 117.K 118.M 119.L 120.M
Drcv`b hw` DcKiY wb‡qv‡Mi nvi A‡cÿv Kg nv‡i e„w× cvq,
121.N 122.M 123.M 124.K 125.L 126.K 127.N 128.M Zv‡K µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa e‡j |
129.K 130.M 131.K 132.N 133.N 04. Drcv`b e„w× ‡c‡j w¯’i LiP - [CU-D : 20-21]
K) e„w× cvq L) n«vm cvq M) w¯i _v‡K N) AwbwðZ
Zzwg Avgvi (wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© cixÿv) DËi: M
1. Drcv`‡bi DcKiY¸‡jv n‡jv- f‚wg, kÖg, g~jab I msMVb| e¨vL¨v: ‡Kvb Drcv`b cÖwZôvb ¯^í‡gqv‡` cY¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ ‡h
2. A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b ej‡Z †evSvq- Dc‡hvM m„wó| my¯úó w¯i e¨q Ges Ae¨³ ev AcÖKvwkZ e¨q enb K‡i Zv‡ì
3. ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï cÖwZ GK‡Ki g~j¨B n‡jv- Mo Avq| mgwó‡K w¯i e¨q e‡j| cÖviw¤¢K Ae¯vq dvg© `ywU Drcv`b e¨q
4. ‡Kv‡bv Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ wewµ K‡i dvg© †h cwigvY A_© jvf K‡i Zv‡K
(w¯i e¨q, cwieZ©bkxj e¨q) enb Ki‡jI Drcv`b e„w×i mv‡_
ejv nq- †gvU Avq|
5. ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï AwZwi³ GK GKK wewµ K‡i †h AwZwi³ Avq cvIqv dvg© cwieZ©bkxj e¨q enb K‡i, w¯i e¨q Drcv`b e„w×i mv‡_
hvq Zv‡K ejv nq- cÖvwšÍK Avq| cwieZ©xZ nq bv |
05. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv ‡iLvi (PPC) wfZ‡ii we›`y¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© ‡KvbwU
6. Mo e¨q cvIqv hvq- †gvU e¨q (TC) ‡K `ª‡eï cwigvY Q Øviv fvM
mZ¨? [CU-D : 20-21]
K‡i| †Kv‡bv dv‡g©i eëüZ DcKiY Ges e¯‧MZ Drcv`‡bi ga¨Kvi K) we›`y¸‡jv AR©b‡hvM¨ bq
KvwiMwi m¤úK©‡K ejv nq- Drcv`b Av‡cÿK| L) Ab¨ `ª‡eï Drcv`b bv Kwg‡q GKwU `ª‡eï Drcv`b evov‡bv m¤¢e|
7. TVC I TFC Gi mgwó‡K ejv nq- TC | M) we›`y¸‡jv Drcv`b Gi mgeÈb wbwðZ
8. AC ‡iLvi AvK…wZ n‡jv- U AvK…wZ| N) AeëüZ m¤ú` we`¨gvb
9. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j †gvU Drcv`b- m‡ev©”P nq| DËi : N
10. Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY n‡jv - kÖg| e¨vL¨v: Drcv`b m¤¢ebv ‡iLv n‡jv Ggb GKwU ‡iLv, ‡h ‡iLvi
weMZ mv‡j Avmv wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© cwiÿvi wewfbœ we›`y‡Z wbw`©ó cwigvY m¤ú` I PjwZ cÖhyw³ mv‡c‡ÿ `ywU
Drcbœ `ª‡eï m¤¢ve¨ wewfbœ mswgkÖY wb‡`©k K‡i| GB m¤¢vebvi
wfwWI K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
‡iLvi ‡fZ‡ii we›`y¸‡jv wb‡`©k K‡i ‡h, GB m¤ú`¸‡jv AR©b
m¤¢e| wKš‧ cÖhyw³MZ e¨_©Zv ev ‡eKvi‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y m¤ú` AeëüZ|
Avevi, Drcv`b m¤¢vebv ‡iLvi evB‡ii we›`y¸‡jv wb‡`©k K‡i, GB
m¤ú` AR©b m¤¢e bq |
06. hw` GKwU `ª‡eï 6 GKK Drcv`‡bi ‡gvU cwieZ©bkxj LiP 50
UvKv Ges ‡gvU w¯’i LiP 10 UvKv nq, Z‡e ‡gvU Mo LiP n‡e-
[CU-D : 20-21]
K) 16 UvKv L) 10 UvKv M) 4 UvKv N) 40 UvKv
DËi: L
Abykxjbx cvV-3 (weMZ mv‡j Avmv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖkœ) e¨vL¨v: ‡Kvb `ª‡eï cÖwZ GKK Drcv`b Ki‡Z ‡h e¨q nq Zv‡K
PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq Mo e¨q e‡j | myZivs ‡gvU e¨q‡K (‡gvU e¨q = w¯i e¨q +
01. MZgv‡m cwiev‡ii Avq hLb 40,000 UvKv wQj, wRwg ZLb 50 ‡KwR cwieZ©bkxj e¨q) `ª‡eï cwigvY (Quantity) Øviv fvM Ki‡j
AvUv wK‡bwQj| G gv‡m cwiev‡ii Avq hLb 30,000 UvKv, wRwg Mo e¨q (AC) cvIqv hvq |
ZLb 60 ‡KwR AvUv wK‡b‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯’v AcwiewZ©Z ‡_‡K wRwgi TC 60
‡ÿ‡Î AvUvi Avq w¯’wZ¯’vcKZv n‡e- [CU-D : 20-21] Mo e¨q wbY©‡qi m~Î AC =   10
K) abvZ¥K, myZivs wRwgi wbKU AvUv wbK…ó `ªe¨ wn‡m‡e we‡eP¨ Q 6
L) abvZ¥K, myZivs wRwgi wbKU AvUv ¯^vfvweK I wbZ¨-cÖ‡qvRbxq GLv‡b, TC = TVC + TFC = 50 + 10 = 60; Q = 6
`ªe¨ wn‡m‡e we‡eP¨ 07. GKwU wbw`©ó erm‡i GKwU ‡`‡ki K…l‡Kiv ïay Mg Drcv`b K‡i hv
M) FYvZ¥K, myZivs wRwgi wbKU AvUv wbK…ó `ªe¨ wn‡m‡e we‡eP¨ Zviv 5 ‡KvwU UvKvq AvUv Drcv`bKvixi wbKU wewµ K‡i; AvUv
N) FYvZ¡K, myZivs wRwgi wbKU AvUv ¯^vfvweK `ªe¨ wn‡m‡e we‡eP¨ Drcv`bKvixiv Drcvw`Z AvUv 6 ‡KvwU UvKvq iæwU Drcv`bKvix‡ì
DËi: M wbKU wewµ K‡i iæwU Drcv`bKvixiv ‡fv³v‡ì wbKU 7 ‡KvwU
e¨vL¨v: wbK…ó ev wM‡db `ª‡eï ‡ÿ‡Î, ‡µZvi Avq e„w× ‡c‡j UvKvi iæwU wewµ K‡i| G Kvh©µ‡gi d‡j GDP n‡e : [CU-D :
`ª‡eï Pvwn`vi cwigvY n«vm cvq Ges Avq n«vm ‡c‡j Pvwn`vi 20-21]
cwigvY e„w× cvq| cÖ‡kœ D‡jøLK…Z wRwgi Avq Kgvi c‡iI Pvwn`v K) 5 ‡KvwU UvKv L) 7 ‡KvwU UvKv
e„w× ‡c‡q‡Q| d‡j G‡ÿ‡Î Pvwn`vi Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv n‡e M) 18 ‡KvwU UvKv N) 2 ‡KvwU UvKv
FYvZ¥K Ges wRwgi wbKU AvUv GKwU wbK…ó cY¨ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ| DËi: L
e¨vL¨v: GKwU Avw_©K eQ‡i ‡Kvb ‡`‡ki ‡f․‡MvwjK mxgvbvi
02. ai, GKwU c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvMx dvg© Zvi Drcv`b 50% e„w× K‡i| Gi
djvdj Kx n‡e? [CU-D : 20-21] Af¨šÍ‡i Drcvw`Z P~ovšÍ `ªe¨ I ‡mevi evRvi g~‡jï mgwó‡K ‡gvU
K) gybvdv 100% e„w× cv‡e L) Avq 50% e„w× cv‡e ‡`kR Drcv`b (GDP) e‡j| GDP wbY©‡qi m~Î GDP = C +
M) Mo LiP 50% n«vm cv‡e N) g~j¨ 25% n«vm cv‡e Ig + G + x GLv‡b C = ‡fvM e¨q, Ig ‡gvU wewb‡qvM e¨q, G =
03. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa cÖ‡hvR¨ nq [CU-D : 20-21] miKvwi e¨q Ges wbU ißvwb|

107
04. cÖwZwU 20 UvKv K‡i GKwU dvg© 100 BDwbU `ªe¨ wewµ K‡i| DËi: K
dvg©wUi MW w¯’i LiP 3 UvKv Ges MW cwieZ©bxq LiP 5 UvKv| e¨vL¨v: ‡h‡Kv‡bv Ae¯vq eëmvqxi g~j jÿ¨ _v‡K m‡e©v”P gybvdv
dvg©wUi gybvdv KZ? [CU-D : 20-21] AR©b Kiv| gybvdv m‡e©v”P Ki‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ©¸‡jv MR
K) 800 L) 700 M) 400 N) 1200 = MC ‡h‡nZy c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i P = AR = MR
DËi: N 14. 5 GKK Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ Mo w¯’i LiP Ges Mo cwieZ©bxq LiP
e¨vL¨v: h_vµ‡g 11 UvKv I 73 UvKv| ‡gvU LiP KZ? [CU-D : 19-20]
Avgiv Rvwb, dv‡g©i gybvdv =   TR  TC K) 80 UvKv L) 370 UvKv M) 400 UvKv N) 420 UvKv
   2000-800 DËi: N
 gybvdv  = 1200 Uv e¨vL¨v: ‡Ìqv Av‡Q,
GLv‡b, TR (Total Reuenue ) Drcv`‡bi GKK = 5 UvKv
= 100 x 20 = 2000 Mo w¯i LiP = 11 UvKv
TC (Total Cost ) = AFC + AVC Mo cwieZ©bxq LiP = 73 UvKv
AFC = 100 x 3 = 300 UvKv ‡gvU w¯i LiP 5 × 11 = 55 UvKv |
AVC = 100 x 5 = 500 UvKv ‡gvU cwieZ©bxq LiP 5 × 73 = 365 UvKv
09. GKwU DcKiY eënv‡ii my‡hvM LiP n‡jv- [CU-D : 20-21] ‡gvU = 420 UvKv
K) DcKiYwUi eZ©gvb wb‡qvM ‡_‡K Kx DcvR©b Ki‡Q 15. GKRb A_©bxwZwe` wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU‡K f~wg wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡eb?
L) DcKiYwUi `xN©‡gqv‡ì DcvR©b [CU-D : 19-20]
M) weKí m‡e©vËg eënvi ‡_‡K DcKiYwU Kx DcvR©b Ki‡Z cviZ K) Kw¤úDUvi L) e‡½vcmvM‡ii ‡Z‡ji gRyZ
N) Dc‡ii ‡KvbwUB bq M) U«v±i PvjK N) G‡ì ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq
DËi: M DËi: L
e¨vL¨v: gvbyl Zvi cQ‡›ì mewKQy GK m‡½ ‡c‡Z cv‡i bv| mgq e¨vL¨v: Aa¨vcK gvk©v‡ji g‡Z, Òf~wg ej‡Z Rwg I cvwb‡Z,
I m¤ú‡ì ¯^íZv cQ‡›ì ‡ÿ‡Î wecwËi m„wó K‡i| A_©vr gvby‡li Av‡jv-evZv‡m Zv‡c cwie¨vß ‡hme c`v_© I kw³‡K ‡evSvq hv
GKvwaK cQ‡›ì ‡ÿ‡Î GKwU ‡c‡Z ‡M‡j weKí me©vwaK cQ‡›ì cÖK…wZ gvby‡li mvnv‡hï Rb¨ Aev‡a `vb K‡i‡QÓ |
Avi GKwU nvZ Qvov n‡q hvq | 16. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv ‡iLvi Af¨šÍ‡i ‡Kvb we›`y Kx Bw½Z K‡i? [CU-D
10. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv ‡iLv (PPC) Gi Dci KvwiMwi ‡K․kj Dbœq‡bi : 19-20]
cÖfve Kx? [CU-D : 20-21] K) GwU AR©b‡hvM¨ bq L) wKQy m¤ú` AeëüZ
K) PPC Dc‡ii w`‡K ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡e M) GwU AR©b‡hvM¨ I `ÿ
L) PPC wb‡Pi w`‡K ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡e N) Drcv`b m¤¢vebv ‡iLvi Dci Aew¯Z we›`ymg~n n‡Z AwaK
M) PPC ïay f~wg Aÿ n‡Z ¯vbv¯ÍwiZ n‡e AcQ›`bxq
N) PPC ïay j¤^ Aÿ n‡Z ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡e DËi: L
DËi: K e¨vL¨v: Drcv`b m¤¢vebv ‡iLv Ggb GKwU ‡iLv, ‡h ‡iLvi wewfbœ
e¨vL¨v: Drcv`‡b m¤¢vebv ‡iLv (PPC) Øviv mxgve× m¤ú‡ì we›`y‡Z wbw`©ó cwigvY m¤ú` I PjwZ cÖhyw³ mv‡c‡ÿ `ywU Drcbœ
gva¨‡g wKfv‡e `ywU `ª‡eï wewfbœ mgš^q Drcv`b Kiv hvq Zv `ª‡eï m¤¢ve¨ wewfbœ mswgkÖY cÖKvk hvq| ‡iLvi ga¨w¯Z ‡h‡Kv‡bv
cÖKvk Kiv nq| mgv‡Ri mxwgZ m¤ú‡ì mvnv‡h¨ wKfv‡e wbw`©ó we›`y‡Z `ywU `ª‡eï m‡e©v”P Kvg¨ Drcv`b m¤¢e| Gi Af¨šÍ‡i
MwÛi g‡a¨ Drcv`b Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Gi evB‡i Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e ‡h‡Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z Drcv`b m¤¢e, Z‡e G‡Z wKQy m¤ú` AeëüZ
bq, GUv Drcv`b m¤¢vebv ‡iLv ev PPC Øviv ‡`Lv‡bv nq| Gi ‡_‡K hvq| H ‡iLvi evB‡i Drcv`b m¤¢e bq|
Dci KvwiMwi ‡K․kj Dbœq‡bi cÖfv‡e PPC Dc‡ii w`‡K 17. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU mZ¨? [CU-D : 19-20]
K) Mo LiP ‡iLv U-AvK…wZi
¯vbvšÍwiZ nq|
L) w¯i LiP ‡iLv Djø¤^
11. OPEC AšÍf©y³ ‡`k¸wji ‡Z‡ji Drcv`b e„w×i Kvi‡Y Gi `vg
M) w¯i LiP ‡iLv Drcv`b A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
50% n«vm cvq| [CU-D : 20-21]
K) Mvwoi Pvwn`v n«vm cv‡e L) Mvwoi Pvwn`v n«vm cv‡e N) K I M DfqB
M) Mvwoi Drcv`b n«vm cv‡e N) Mvwoi Drcv`b e„w× cv‡e DËi: K
e¨vL¨v: Drcv`b evo‡Z _vK‡j Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q I Mo e¨q
12. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU mZ¨? [CU-D : 19-20]
K) cÖK…Z gRywi‡K `vg¯Íi w`‡q fvM K‡i Avw_©K gRywi cvIqv hvq cÖ_‡g µgn«vmgvb n‡q cieZ©x‡Z `ªæZMwZ‡Z µgea©gvb nv‡i
L) Avw_©K gRywi‡K `vg¯Íi w`‡q fvM K‡i cÖK…Z gRywi cvIqv hvq ev‡o| d‡j Mo e¨q I Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q ‡iLv Bs‡iwR
M) Avw_©K gRywi I cÖK…Z gRywii g‡a¨ ‡Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ ‡bB Aÿi U AvK…wZ aviY K‡i |
N) cÖK…Z gRywi memgq Avw_©K gRywii ‡P‡q eo 18. hw` ‡fvM A‡cÿK C = 10 + 0.8 Ya Ges e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq
DËi: N 10,000 nq, cÖvwšÍK ‡fvM cÖeYZv KZ? [CU-D : 19-20]
e¨vL¨v: kÖwgK Zvi kÖ‡gi wewbg‡qi wb‡qvMKvixi wbKU ‡_‡K ‡h K) 0.80 L) 0.81
cwigvY A_© cvq, Zvi Øviv ‡h cwigvY cY¨ I ‡mev mvgMÖx µq M) 8,000 N) 8,010
Ges Kg©‡ÿÎ ‡_‡K Avw_©K gRywii AwZwi³ ‡h cwigvY my‡hvM DËi: N
myweav ‡fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zv‡ì mgwó‡K cÖK…Z gRywi e‡j| A_©vr e¨vL¨v: ‡Ìqv Av‡Q, e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq (yd) = 10,000
cÖK…Z gRywi Avw_©K gRywii µqÿgZv + Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM myweav c = 10+0.8(10000) = 10 + 8000 8,010 |
13. gybvdv m‡e©v”PKvix Drcv`b ¯Í‡i wb‡gœi ‡Kvb kZ©wU cvwjZ nq? 19. wewbg‡qi gva¨g wnmv‡e hLb A_© eëüZ nq ZLb - [CU-D : 19-
[CU-D : 19-20] 20]
K) MR>MC L) MR=MC K) wewbgq ‡e‡o hv‡e
M) MR<MC N) MR>MC>AR L) we‡klvqb I kÖgwefvM Am¤¢e

108
M) `ªe¨ wewbgq cÖ_vi cÖmvi NU‡e = 6  12  6
N) `vg wbwðZfv‡e evo‡e 3
DËi: M 26. Mo Avq hLb m‡e©v”P, ZLb- [CU-D : 18-19]
e¨vL¨v: A‡_©i me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR n‡jv wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g K) Mo Avq = cÖvwšÍK Avq L) Mo Avq > cÖvwšÍK Avq
wnmv‡e KvR Kiv| A_© hveZxq ‡jb‡`‡bi Kv‡R mK‡ji wbKU M) Mo Avq < cÖvwšÍK Avq N) ‡gvU Avq m‡ev©”P
¯^vfvweKfv‡e MÖnY‡hvM¨| A‡_©i gva¨‡g gvbyl ‡h‡Kv‡bv mgq DËi: K
‡h‡Kv‡bv cwigvY `ªe¨ I ‡mev µq Ki‡Z cv‡i | e¨vL¨v: `vg hZB n«vm cvq weµ‡qi cwigvY ZZB e„w× cv‡”Q| ‡gvU
20. KvwiMwi ‡K․k‡ji DbœwZ n‡j evRv‡i fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigv‡Yi Avq µgn«vmgvb nv‡i e„w× cvq, Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq Df‡qB n«vm
Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? [CU-D : 19-20] cvq Z‡e Mo Avq A‡cÿv cÖvwšÍK Avq AwaK nv‡i n«vm cvq|
K) fvimvg¨ `vg evo‡e wKš‧ fvimvg¨ cwigvY Kg‡e 27. cÖvwšÍK LiP Mo Li‡Pi mgvb nq hLb- [CU-D : 18-19]
L) fvimvg¨ `vg Kg‡e wKš‧ fvimvg¨ cwigvY evo‡e K) Mo cwieZ©bkxj LiP evo‡Z _v‡K
M) fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY DfqB evo‡e L) Mo cwieZ©bkxj LiP Kg‡Z _v‡K
N) fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY DfqB Kg‡e M) Mo cwieZ©bkxj LiP w¯i _v‡K
DËi: L N) ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq
e¨vL¨v: KvwiMwi ‡K․kj DbœwZ n‡j GKwU `ªe¨ Av‡Mi ‡_‡K ‡ewk Drcv`b DËi: L
Kiv hv‡e| djkÖywZ‡Z AwaK cwigvY Drcv`b Kg Li‡P m¤¢e| e¨vL¨v: Mo e¨q (AC) ej‡Z GKK cÖwZ Drcv`b e¨q‡K eySvq|
21. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv ‡iLvi evwn‡i ‡Kvb we›`y Kx Bw½Z K‡i? [CU-D
cÿvšÍ‡i cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC) ej‡Z ‡Kvb `ª‡eï AwZwi³ GK
: 19-20]
K) GwU AR©b‡hvM¨ bq GKK Drcv`b Ki‡Z ‡h AwZwi³ e¨q nq Zv‡KB eySvq| Mo e¨q
L) wKQy m¤ú` AeëüZ I cÖvwšÍK e¨q Gi g‡a¨ Nwbô m¤úK© we`¨gvb| cÖv_wgK ¯Í‡i
M) GwU AR©b‡hvM¨ I `ÿ Drcv`b e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ Mo e¨q Ges cÖvwšÍK e¨q DfqB n«vm
N) Drcv`b m¤¢vebv ‡iLvi Ici Aew¯Z we›`ymg~n n‡Z GwU wbK…ó cvq| Avevi hLb Mo e¨q me©wbgœ ¯Íi ‡c․Qvq A_©vr Mo
DËi: K cwieZ©bkxj LiP Kg‡Z _v‡K ZLb Mo e¨q I cÖvwšÍK e¨q mgvb
e¨vL¨v: Drcv`vb m¤¢vebv ‡iLv n‡jv Ggb GKwU ‡iLv, ‡h ‡iLvi nq|
wewfbœ we›`y‡Z wbw`©ó cwigvY m¤ú` I PjwZ cÖhyw³ mv‡c‡ÿ `ywU 28. Mo LiP hLb me©wbgœ ZLb- [CU-D : 18-19]
Drcbœ `ª‡eï m¤¢ve¨ wewfbœ mswgkÖY cvIqv hvq| G ‡iLvi evB‡i K) Mo LiP = cÖvwšÍK LiP L) Mo LiP > cÖvwšÍK LiP
‡h‡Kv‡bv we›`y‡Z Drcv`b Am¤¢e| M) Mo LiP < cÖvwšÍK LiP N) †gvU LiP m‡ev©”P
22. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU `vg¯Í‡ii cwigvcK? [CU-D : 19-20] DËi: K
K) Kgc‡ÿ GKwU DcKiY cwieZ©bkxj e¨vL¨v: Mo LiP AC hLb me©wbgœ ZLb cÖvwšÍK LiP MC ‡iLv
L) mKj DcKiY cwieZ©bkxj MvQ LiP ‡iLv‡K wb‡Pi w`K ‡_‡K ‡Q` K‡i Dc‡ii w`‡K D‡V|
M) mKj DcKiY w¯i d‡j AC = MC nq, ‡Kbbv Dfq ‡iLv ci¯úi GKB we›`y‡Z
N) Kgc‡ÿ GKwU DcKiY w¯i wgwjZ nq|
DËi: K 29. DcKi‡Yi g~j¨ evo‡j evRv‡i fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigv‡Yi Dci Kx
e¨vL¨v: A_©‣bwZK w¯wZkxjZv AR©b Ges eRvq ivLvi Rb¨ cÖfve co‡e? [CU-D : 18-19]
`vg¯Í‡ii w¯wZkxjZv GKwU Acwinvh© kZ©| `vg¯Íi e„w× ‡c‡j K) fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigv‡Yi Dci ‡Kvb cÖfve co‡e bv
µqÿgZv K‡g Ges `vg¯Íi n«vm ‡c‡j µqÿgZv ev‡o| L) fvimvg¨ `vg evo‡e wKš‧ fvimvg¨ cwigvY Kg‡e
23. ‡gvU Drcv`b µgmgvb hLb [CU-D : 19-20] M) fvimvg¨ `vg Kg‡e wKš‧ fvimvg¨ cwigvY evo‡e
K) Mo Drcv`b ea©gvb N) fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY Df‡qB evo‡e
L) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b FYvZ¥K 30. wb‡Pi ‡Kvb mgxKiYwU‡Z x Gi mv‡_ y Gi gvb µgea©gvb nv‡i
M) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b abvZ¥K e„w× [CU-D : 18-19]
N) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b Mo Drcv`b n‡Z eo K) y = 3x L) y = ex
DËi: M M) y=5+3x N) y = log10x
e¨vL¨v: Drcv`b ‡ÿ‡Î ‡Kv‡bv GKwU DcKi‡Yi wewfbœ GKK wb‡qvM K‡i 31. ‡gvU w¯’i LiP ‡iLv- [CU-D : 18-19]
‡h e¯‧MZ Drcv`b cvIqv hvq, Zvi ‡hvMdj‡K ‡gvU Drcv`b e‡j| K) DaŸ©Mvgx L) wb¤œMvgx
24. Mo w¯’i LiP ‡iLv- [CU-D : 19-20] M) Dj¤^ N) Drcv`b A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
K) DaŸ©Mvgx L) wb¤œMvgx DËi: N
M) Dj¤^ N) Drcv`b A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj e¨vL¨v: dv‡g©i w¯i e¨q me©`v AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K| TFC ‡iLv ev
DËi: L ‡gvU w¯i LiP ‡iLv me©`vB f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj |
e¨vL¨v: Drcv`b e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ TFC w¯i _vK‡jI AFC Kg‡Z 32. Mo LiP ‡iLvi AvK…wZ ‡Kgb? [CU-D : 17-18]
_v‡K| KviY e„w× cÖvß Drcv`‡bi gv‡S ‡gvU w¯i LiP Qwo‡q c‡o| K) DaŸ©Mvgx Xvjwewkó L) wb¤œMvgx Xvjwewkó
Avevi Drcv`‡bi cwigvY Kg‡Z _vK‡j AFC evo‡Z _v‡K| G M) U- AvK…wZi N) D‡ëv U AvK…wZi
Kvi‡Y AFC ‡iLv Wvbw`‡K wbgœMvgx nq| DËi: M
25. wZb GKK `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi w¯’i LiP I cwieZ©bxq LiP h_vµ‡g 6 e¨vL¨v: Mo LiP ‡iLv mvaviYZ U AvK…wZi nq| ¯^íKvjxb
I 12 | Mo LiP KZ? [CU-D : 19-20] µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`bwewa cÖ‡hvR¨| ZvB Drcv`‡bi cÖv_wgK
K) 18 L) 2 M) 4 N) 6 Drcv`b µgea©gvb nv‡i,e¨q nq µgn«vmgvb nv‡i| d‡j Mo
DËi: N e¨q ‡iL AvK…wZi nq|
e¨vL¨v: Mo LiP = (w¯i LiP + cwieZ©bxq LiP) 33. AC ‡iLvi me©wbgœ we›`y‡Z - [CU-D: 17-18]
Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï GKK K) AC = MC L) MC > AC
109
M) MC>AC N) AC DaŸ©Mvgx DËi: M
DËi: K e¨vL¨v: Mo LiP ej‡Z GKK cÖwZ Drcv`b LiP‡K eySvq| cÖvwšÍK LiP
e¨vL¨v: AC Mo e¨q ‡iLv Ges MC cÖvwšÍK e¨q ‡iLv| ‡iLv ej‡Z ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï AwZwi³ GK GKK Drcv`b Ki‡Z ‡h AwZwi³ LiP
wbgœMvgx n‡j cÖvwšÍK e¨q ‡iLv Av‡iv wbgœMvgx nq| A_©vr GwU Mo nq Zv‡K eySvq| G‡ÿ‡Î Mo LiP e„w× ‡c‡j cÖvwšÍK LiP e„w× cvq|
‡iLvi wb‡P _v‡K | wecix‡Z cÖvwšÍK LiP ‡c‡j n«vm ‡c‡j Mo LiP n«vm cvq|
34. ‡KvbwU mÂq mgxKiY? [CU-D: 17-18] 41. ‡KvbwU mZ¨ bq? [CU-C2 : 16-17]
K) S = a – by L) S = a + by K) MC ‡iLv U- AvK…wZi L) MP ‡iLv D‡ëv U-AvK…wZi
M) B – a – by = S N) S = - a + by M) MR ‡iLv wbgœMvgx N) AR ‡iLv EaŸ©Mvgx
DËi: N O) AP ‡iLv D‡ëv U- AvK…wZi
e¨vL¨v: ‡fvM mgxKiY C = a+by, mÂq mgxKiY S = y -- DËi: N
0.5y = -100 + 0.5y wewb‡qvM mgxKiY S = y – C 42. ‡KvbwU cwieZ©bkxj LiP? [CU-C2 : 16-17]
35. wb‡Pi ‡Kvb PviwU Drcv`‡bi DcKiY? [CU-C2 : 16-17] K) KvuPvgv‡ji Rb¨ LiP L) Drcv`b kÖwg‡Ki Rb¨ LiP
K) kÖg, g~jab, f~wg, A_© L) f~wg,kÖg, g~jab I msMVb M) KviLvbvi fvov N) AI C O) A I B
M) A_©, g~jab, f~wg, D‡`¨³v N) kÖg, g~jab, f~wg, D‡`¨³v DËi: O
O) kÖg, hš¿cvwZ, f~wg, D‡`¨³v e¨vL¨v: cwieZ©bkxj LiP Ggb GKwU LiP hv ïay cwieZ©bkxj
DËi: L Drcv`b LiP- mivmwi DcKiY, mivmwi kÖg Ges cwieZ©bkxj
e¨vL¨v: ‡Kv‡bv wKQy Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ ‡h mKj e¯‧ ev ‡mevK‡g©i Drcv`b Ifvi‡nW BDwbU cY¨ LiP AšÍf©y³|
cÖ‡qvRb ‡m¸‡jv‡K Drcv`‡bi DcKiY ejv nq| ‡hgb f~wg, kÖg, 43. wbK…ó `ª‡eï ‡ÿ‡Î Avq e„w× ‡c‡j ‡fv‡Mi cwigvY- [CU-C2 :
g~jab I msMVb | 16-17]
36. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv cÖvšÍmxgv wb‡`©k K‡i- [CU-C2 : 16-17] K) e„w× cvq L) n«vm cvq
K) m¤ú‡ì Am¤ú~Y© eënvi L) m¤ú‡ì c~Y© eënvi M) AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K N) n«vm ev e„w× †h †Kv‡bvwU n‡Z cv‡i
M) m¤ú` m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c AeëüZ N) m¤ú‡ì `ÿ eÈb O) Dc‡ii †KvbwUB mwVK bq
O) M Ges N DËi: N
DËi: O e¨vL¨v: wbK…ó `ª‡eï ‡ÿ‡Î, ‡µZvi Avq e„w×-`ª‡eï Pvwn`vi
e¨vL¨v: gvbe Rxe‡b Afve Amxg wKš‧ m¤ú` mxwgZ| ZvB mgv‡Ri cwigvY ‡hgb- ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³i Avq hLb 2000 UvKv ZLb wbK…ó
mxwgZ m¤ú‡ì MwÛi ga¨ ‡_‡K Drcv`b Pvwj‡q ‡h‡Z nq| ZvB `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi cwigvY 200 GKK| Avq ‡e‡o 4000 UvKv n‡j
Drcv`b m¤¢vebv cÖvšÍmxgv wb‡`©k K‡i mxwgZ m¤ú‡ì Kvh©Ki I wbK…ó `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi cwigvY 100 GKK |
`ÿeënvi| 44. KvwiMwi cÖhyw³i Dbœqb n‡j Drcv`b m¤¢vebv ‡iLvi- [CU-C2 :
37. `yRb e¨w³ wewbgq ‡_‡K jvfevb n‡e hw` bv [CU-C2 : 16-17] 16-17]
K) GKR‡bi mKj `ªe¨ Drcv`‡b cig myweav _v‡K K) g~j we›`yi w`‡K ¯vbvšÍi N‡U L) ewn©gyLx m¤ú«mviY N‡U
L) cÖ‡Z¨‡K Ggb `ªe¨ Drcv`b K‡i hvi my‡hvM LiP ‡ewk M) ¯vbvšÍi N‡U bv
M) Zv‡ì mKj `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi my‡hvM LiP mgvb N) AvK…wZ DËj ‡_‡K AeZj nq
N) mKj `ªe¨ Drcv`‡b Zv‡ì my‡hvM LiP wfbœ O) AvK…wZ AeZj ‡_‡K DËj nq
O) mKj `ªe¨ Drcv`‡b Zv‡ì cig myweav mgvb DËi: N
DËi: M e¨vL¨v: Drcv`b m¤¢vebv ‡iLvi mvnv‡h¨ mgv‡R cÖ`Ë m¤ú` I cÖhyw³i
38. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU f~wgi D`vniY? [CU-C2 : 16-17] ‡cÖwÿ‡Z cÖZ¨vwkZ `ª‡eï m‡e©v”P Drcv`b wba©viY m¤¢e |
K) myexi b›`xi KÉ¯î L) Kw¤úDUvi ‡cÖvMÖvg 45. GK GKi Rwg‡Z 20 nvRvi UvKvi avb Drcv`‡bi Kvi‡Y GKRb
M) KY©dyjx b`x N) XvKv-PÆMÖvg gnvmoK K…lK 25 nvRvi UvKvi cvU A_ev 15 nvRvi UvKvi Avjy Drcv`b
O) KvßvB evua wemR©b w`j| myZivs avb Drcv`‡bi my‡hvM e¨q n‡jv- [CU-C2
DËi: M : 16-17-]
e¨vL¨v: Drcv`‡bi PviwU DcKi‡Yi g‡a¨ f~wg n‡jv cÖ_g I me‡P‡q K) 20 nvRvi UvKv L) 25 nvRvi UvKv
¸iæZ¡c~Y© DcKiY| M) 15 nvRvi UvKv N) 30 nvRvi UvKv
39. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa Abymv‡i- [CU-C2 : 16-17] O) ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq
K) ‡gvU Drcv`b w¯i nv‡i ev‡o DËi: O
L) ‡gvU Drcv`b µgea©gvb nv‡i ev‡o e¨vL¨v: GKB Rwg‡Z GKB mv‡_ avb,cvU Ges Avjy Drcv`b m¤¢e
M) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b ev‡o bq| ZvB ‡h‡Kv‡bv GKwU Drcv`b Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î K…lK
N) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b µgk n«vm cvq RwgwU‡Z 20 nvRvi UvKvi avb Drcv`‡bi Kvi‡Y 25 nvRvi cvU
O) ‡gvU Drcv`b n«vm cvq A_ev 15 nvRvi UvKvi Avjy Drcv`b wemR©b w`j| GB ‡h wemR©b
DËi: N w`j GUv‡K ejv n‡”Q my‡hvM e¨q |
e¨vL¨v: hw` ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cwigvY Rwg‡Z µgvMZfv‡e AwaK kÖg I 46. GKRb K…lK Zvi Rwg‡Z Avjy Ges U‡g‡Uv Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i| 5
g~jab wb‡qvM Kiv nq Zvn‡j kÖg I g~jab ‡h nv‡i wb‡qvM Kiv ‡KwR AwZwi³ U‡g‡Uv Drcv`b Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡K 14 ‡KwR Avjyi
nq Drcv`b Zv A‡cÿv Kg nv‡i e„w× cvq| G wewawU µg n«vmgvb Drcv`b wemR©b w`‡Z nq| GLv‡b cÖwZ ‡KwR U‡g‡Uv Drcv`‡bi
cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa bv‡g cwiwPZ| my‡hvM LiP n‡jv- [CU-C2 : 15-16]
K) 0.36 ‡KwR Avjy L) 17 †KwR Avjy
40. cÖvwšÍK LiP n«vm ‡c‡j- [CU-C2 : 16-17]
K) MoLiP AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K L) †gvU LiP n«vm cvq M) 9 †KwR Avjy N) 2.8 †KwR Avjy
M) Mo LiP n«vm cvq N) Mo LiP e„w× cvq O) 2.4 †KwR Avjy
O) ‡gvU LiP AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K DËi: N

110
e¨vL¨v: GKwU we‡kl ‡ÿ‡Î Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vb eënv‡ii A_©B n‡jv K) Ac~Y© wb‡qvM L) c~Y© wb‡qvM M) †eKviZ¡ N) ¯^í Drcv`b
Ab¨vb¨ weKí ‡ÿÎ‡K Dcv`vbmg~‡ni eënvi ‡_‡K weiZ ivLv DËi: L
47. Mo w¯’i LiP ‡iLv- [CU-C2 : 15-16] e¨vL¨v: Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv mxwgZ m¤ú` I cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i
K) Drcv`b e„w×i mv‡_ e„w× cvq m‡ev©”P `ªe¨ I †mev Drcv`b Kivi mÿgZv‡K eySvq|
L) Drcv`b e„w×i mv‡_ cwiewZ©Z nq bv  Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y c~Y© wb‡qvM wb‡`©k K‡i|
M) Drcv`b e„w×i mv‡_ n«vm cvq  Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi evB‡ii we›`y‡Z Drcv`b Am¤¢e|
N) Drcv`b e„w×i mv‡_ Dc‡i ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq  Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi Dcwiw¯Z †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y AR©b‡hvM¨ mxgv
O) Drcv`b e„w×i mv‡_ wb‡P ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq †iLv wb‡`©k K‡i|
DËi: N  Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv ej‡Z PPC (Production Possibility
e¨vL¨v: ‡Kv‡bv dv‡g©i ‡gvU w¯i LiP (TFC) ‡K ‡gvU Drcv`b
Curve) ‡evSvq|
(Q) Gi cwigvY Øviv fvM Ki‡j Mo w¯i e¨q cvIqv hvq|
 `ywU `ª‡eï wewfbœ mswgkÖY Drcv`b m¤¢vebvi †iLv Øviv cÖKvk Kiv hvq|
48. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv cÖvšÍmxgv- [CU-C2 : 15-16]
K) mij ‣iwLK L) g~jwe›`yi w`‡K AeZj
M) g~jwe›`yi w`‡K DËj N) DaŸ©Mvgx
O) ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq
DËi: M
e¨vL¨v: Drcv`b m¤¢vebv ‡iLvi ‡kl mxgvbv ev cÖvšÍ `ªe¨ `ywUi P~ovšÍ
Drcv`b‡K wb‡`©k K‡i |
49| Drcv`b †iLv †`Lvq- [CU-C2:15-16]
K) RbMY Kx cwigvY †fvM K‡i
L) we`¨gvb m¤ú` Øviv wewfbœ `ª‡eï wK wK mgš^q Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e
M) Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï `v‡gi cwigvY
N) GKwU †`‡ki mv‡_ Ab¨ †`‡ki Drcv`b wewbgq nvi
O) Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ †fv‡Mi m¤úK©
DËi: L 02. mgv‡Ri †g․j KvVv‡gv •Zwi‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU me‡P‡q †ewk Ae`vb
e¨vL¨v: Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv n‡jv Ggb GKwU †iLv hv †Kv‡bv iv‡L? [CoU: 2017-18]
mgv‡Ri we`¨gvb m¤ú` w`‡q Drcv`b‡hvM¨ `ywU `ª‡eï m¤¢ve¨ wewfbœ K) A_© eë¯v L) cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek
mswgkÖY wb‡`©k K‡i| M) mvs¯‥…wZK eë¯v N) Drcv`b eë¯v
50| Mo LiP I cÖvwšÍK Li‡Pi g‡a¨ m¤úK© n‡jv- DËi: N
K) Mo LiP Kg‡Z _vK‡j cÖvwšÍK LiP Mo Li‡Pi †P‡q Kg _v‡K e¨vL¨v: A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b ej‡Z eySvq cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë `ª‡eï iƒc I
L) Mo †_‡K evov‡Z _vK‡j cªvwšÍK Mo Li‡Pi †P‡q †ewk _v‡K Ae¯vq cwieZ©b ev ¯vbvšÍ‡i gva¨‡g bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv|
M) Mo LiP w¯i _vK‡j cÖvwšÍK LiP Mo Li‡Pi mgvb _v‡K Drcv`b eë¯vi DcKiY n‡”Q PviwU-
N) A,B I C cÖwZwU mZ¨ (i) f‚wg (land): f‚wg wPi¯vqx Ges ¯vbvšÍi‡hvM¨ bq|
O) A,B I C †Kv‡bvwUB mZ¨ bq (ii) kÖg (labour): RxešÍ DcKiY Ges mwµq|
DËi: M (iii) g~jab (capital): gbyl¨ Drcvw`Z Ges Zzjbvg~jK MwZkxj|
e¨vL¨v: Mo LiP hLb e„w× cvq, cªvwšÍK e¨q I ZLb e„w× cvq| Z‡e (iv) msMVb (organization): RxešÍ DcKiY Ges SzuwK enb K‡i|
G‡ÿ‡Î Mo Li‡P †P‡q cÖvwšÍK LiP AwaKnv‡i e„w× cvq| A_©vr Drcv`b eë¯’v mgv‡Ri †g․j KvVv‡gv •Zwi‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb
†ÿ‡Î MC>AC nq| iv‡L|
51| Drcv`b A_©‣bwZK e‡Üi we›`y n‡jv †hLv‡b- 03. KLb Mo e¨q (AC)= cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC) nq? [CoU: 2017-18]
K) `vg me©wb¤œ Mo cwieZ©bkxj Li‡Pi mgv nq K) hLb AC wb¤œMvgx L) hLb AC me©wb¤œ
L) `vg me©wb¤œ †gvU Mo Li‡Pi mgvb nq M) hLb MC wb¤œMvgx N) hLb MC DaŸ©Mvgx
M) ‡gvU Avq †gvU Li‡Pi mgvb nq DËi: L
N) Mo Avq Mo Li‡Pi mgvb nq e¨vL¨v:
O) cÖvwšÍK Avq cÖvwšÍK Li‡Pi mgvb nq  ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï cÖwZ GKK Drcv`b Ki‡Z †h e¨q nq, Zv‡K Mo e¨q
DËi: K (AC) ejv nq|
e¨vL¨v: †h wKQz‡Z Kv‡h©i AVC D‡V Av‡m wKš‧ AFC D‡V Av‡m  ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï †gvU Drcv`b GK GKK cwieZ©‡bi d‡j †gvU e¨‡qi
bv †mB we›`y n‡jv Shut down point ev Drcv`b e‡Üi we›`y| †h cwieZ©b nq, Zv‡K cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC) ejv nq|
52| A_©‣bwZK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †h․w³K e¨w³ †Kvb KvR K‡i hw`-  Mo e¨q †iLv (AC) hLb wb¤œMvgx, ZLb AC>MC|
K) KvRwU •bwZK nq
 Mo e¨q (AC) hLb me©wb¤œ, ZLb AC=MC|
L) KvRwU †_‡K cÖvß cÖvwšÍK jvf cÖvwšÍK Li‡Pi †P‡q †ewk nq
M) KvRwU †_‡K cÖvß cÖvwšÍK jvf cÖvwšÍK Li‡Pi †P‡q Kg nq  Mo e¨q †iLv (AC) hLb DaŸ©Mvgx, ZLb MC>AC|
N) KvRwU †_‡K UvKv cvIqv hvq  Mo e¨‡qi (AC) mv‡_ Drcv`‡bi me GKK RwoZ wKš‧ cÖvwšÍK
O) †Kv‡bvwUB bq e¨‡qi (MC) mv‡_ wbw`©ó mg‡q Drcv`‡bi †klZg GKK RwoZ|
DËi: L 04| Drcv`b eë¯’vq DcKiY wb‡qv‡Mi nvi A‡cÿv Drcv`b Kg nv‡i
cwiewZ©Z n‡j Zv‡K wKiƒc gvÎvMZ Drcv`b wewa e‡j? [CoU:
Kzwgjøv wek¦we`¨vjq 2016-17]
01. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi †h †Kv‡bv we›`y Kx wb‡`©k K‡i? [CoU: K) µgea©gvb L) µgn«vmgvb M) w¯i N) mgvbycvwZK
2019-20] DËi: L
111
e¨vL¨v: gvÎvMZ Drcv`b: Ab¨vb¨ welq AcwiewZ©Z †_‡K DcKiY DËi: M
eënv‡ii gvÎvq cwieZ©b Avbvi d‡j Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡Y †h e¨vL¨v: A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ `ªe¨ wZb cªKvi-
cwieZ©b mvwaZ nq Zv‡K gvÎvMZ Drcv`b ejv nq| 1. KvuPvgvj `ªe¨ 2. gaëZx© `ªe¨ 3. P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨
gvÎvMZ Drcv`b wewa 3 cÖKvi: ‡hgb- ÔZzjvÕ myZv •Zixi Rb¨ eëüZ nq| Avevi myZv w`‡q Kvco
i) w¯’i gvÎvMZ Drcv`b: wbw`©ó nv‡i DcKiYmg~‡ni wb‡qvM e„w×i •Zix nq| Zvn‡j Zzjv KvuPvgvj, myZv, gaëZx© `ªe¨ Ges Kvco
d‡j wbw`©ó ev w¯i nv‡i hw` Drcv`bI e„w× cvq, Zv‡K w¯i P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨|
gvÎvMZ Drcv`b e‡j| 3| µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewawU Drcv`‡bi mKj cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡jI
ii) µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b: G‡ÿ‡Î wbw`©ó nv‡i DcKiYmg~‡ni K…wl‡ÿ‡Î Zv Lye `ªæZ cÖ‡hvR¨ nq, KviY- [SUST: 2015-16]
wb‡qvM e„w× †cÖwÿ‡Z Drcv`b µgea©gvb nv‡i e„w× cvq| K) K…wl‡ÿ‡Î Drcv`b †K․kj `y®úwieZ©bxq
iii) µgn«vmgvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b: DcKi‡Yi eënvi †h nv‡i e„w× L) DcKiY mg~‡ni AbycvZ cwieZ©b ‡hvM¨ bv
Kiv nq, Drcv`b hw` Zvi †P‡q Kg nv‡i e„w× cvq| M) cwieZ©bxq DcKi‡Yi GKK¸‡jv mgRvZxq bv
05| Ômy‡hvM e¨qÕ ej‡Z wK †evS? [CoU: 2016-17] N) K…wlKv‡R f‚wg w¯i DcKiY nIqvi Kvi‡Y Ab¨vY¨ DcKiY-
K) my‡hvM ey‡S e¨q L) myweavRbK e¨q ‡hgb kÖg, g~jab BZ¨vw` †ewk cwigv‡Y wb‡qvM Ki‡j DcKiY
M) m¤ú~iK e¨q N) m‡ev©rK…ó weKí e¨q mswgkÖY `ªæZB ÎæwUc~Y© n‡q D‡V|
DËi: L O) Dc‡ii †KvbwU mZ¨ bq|
e¨vL¨v: my‡hvM e¨q: GKwU `ª‡eï AwZwi³ GK GKK Drcv`‡bi DËi: N
Rb¨ Ab¨ `ª‡eï hZUzKz Drcv`b †Q‡o w`‡Z nq, ‡mB †Q‡o †Ìqvi e¨vL¨v: gvk©vj e‡jb, †h †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cwigvY Rwg‡Z Pv‡li Rb¨
cwigvYB n‡jv my‡hvM e¨q (Opportunity Cost) AwaK nv‡i kÖg I g~jab wb‡qvM Ki‡Z _vK‡j mvaviYZ AvbycvwZK
*Aa¨vcK †ebnv‡gi g‡Z Ô‡Kvb wRwb‡mi my‡hvM e¨q n‡”Q cieZx© nvi A‡cÿv Kg nv‡i Drcv`b e„w× cvq| GLv‡b, K…wl Kv‡R f‚wgi
m‡ev©Ëg weKí `ªe¨wUi Drcv`b cwinv‡ii e¨q| cwigvY e„w× cv‡”Q bv| hwÌ Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`vb e„w× cv‡”Q| ZvB µg-
* my‡hvM e¨q aviYvwU A_©bxwZ‡Z Afve wba©viY I wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y n«vmgvb cªvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa K…wl †ÿ‡Î `ªæZ cÖ‡hvR¨|
¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| (4 †_‡K 5) cÖ`Ë wP‡Î GKwU wk‡íi c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv n‡Z
GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡i ¯vbvšÍi †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
‡kL nvwmbv wek¦we`¨vjq
01| hLb Mo LiP me©wb¤œ nq, ZLb-[SHU: 2018-19]
K) Mo LvP = cÖvwšÍK LiP L) Mo LiP > cÖvwšÍK LiP
M) Mo LiP < cÖvwšÍK LiP N) cÖvwšÍK LiP me©wb¤œ nq
DËi: A
02| gvÎvMZ Drcv`b KZ cÖKvi? [SHU: 2018-19, MBSTU:16-17]
K) `yB L) wZb M) Pvi N) cvuP
DËi: B
03| ÔRvwZmg~‡ni m¤ú`Õ eBwUi †jLK †K? [SHU: 2018-19]
K) AgZ©¨ †mb L) A¨vWvg w¯§_
M) cj µMg¨vb N) gvB‡Kj mygvqvi 4| GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡ii Drcv`‡Ki DØ„Ë n‡”Q-[SUST: 2013-14]
DËi: L K) 1+2 L) 3+4+5 M) 6+7+8
e¨vL¨v ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz Z_¨- N) 6+7+10 O) 3+4+6+7
 *Wealth of nations eBwUi †jLK A¨vWvg w¯§_ DËi: O
 Wealth bvgK MÖ‡ši †jLK-Aa¨vcK G¨vW DBb K¨vbb| e¨vL¨v: GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡i fvimvg¨ Av‡m hLb MC=MR wKš‧
 An Essay on the principle of population eBwUi †jLK- Drcv`K GLv‡b D”P g~j¨ Av‡ivc K‡i GK‡PwUqv nIqvi d‡j G‡Z
ievU© g¨vj_vm| Drcv`‡bi AwZwi³ jvf nq hv g~jZ Drcv`‡Ki D×…Z bv‡g
 Poor Laws MÖ‡ši †jLK-ievU© g¨vj_vm| cwiwPZ| GLv‡b fvimvg¨ we›`yn‡jv MC I MR Gi †Q` we›`y|
 General theory of population MÖ‡ši †jLK-Alfred Servey. wKš‧ `vg Dc‡i| d‡j Drcv`‡Ki DØ„Ë 3,4,6,7|
5| c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv †fv³vi DØ„Ë--[SUST: 2013-14]
kvnRvjvj weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq K) 1+2 L) 3+4+5 M) 1 †_‡K 9
01| ‡Kvb GKwU dv‡g©i †gvU w¯’i LiP (TFC)2000 UvKv| c‡Yï 10 N) 1 †_‡K 9 O) 1 †_‡K 5
GKK Drcv`‡b Mo cwieZ©bxq LiP (AVC) 300 UvKv| c‡Yï 11 DËi: O
GKK Drcv`‡bi Mo LiP (AC) 510 UvKv n‡j 11 Zg GK‡Ki e¨vL¨v: c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK Kviev‡i Price = MR=AR=MC,
cÖvwšÍK LiP (MC) KZ UvKv? [SUST: 2018-19] ZvB GLv‡b Drcv`K AwZwi³ `vg Av‡ivc Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, d‡j
K) 2210 L) 210 M) 550 N) 110 O) 610 Zvi Kg jvf nq GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡ii Zzjbvq| GLv‡b †fv³vi
DËi: M DØ„Ë n‡jv 1,2,3,4,5|
e¨vL¨v: GLv‡b, AVC=300 6| GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡i ¯’vbvšÍwiZ nIqvq A_©bxwZi bxU ÿwZ-[SUST:
myZivs, 11 Zg GK‡Ki cÖvwšÍK LiP = AC - AVC 2013-14]
= 510-300=210 K) 5 L) 7 M) 8
2| ‡hmKj Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î cybivq eëüZ nq N) 9 O) 11
†m¸‡jv‡K wK e‡j? [SUST: 2016-17] DËi: K
K) P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨ L) †fvM¨ `ªe¨ M) gaëZ©x `ªe¨ e¨vL¨v: GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡i ¯vbvšÍwiZ nIqv A_©bxwZ wKš‧ wbU ÿwZ
N) Drcv`‡bi `ªe¨ O) Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ nq †h‡nZz GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡i AwZwi³ `vg Av‡ivc Kiv nq|
112
GLv‡b †gvU ÿwZ nq g~jZ 5,8 Z‡e Drcv`‡Ki w`K †_‡K 5 wbU 04| Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi Dcwiw¯’Z †h †Kvb we›`y wK wb‡`©k K‡i?
ÿwZ nq| [MBSTU: 2019-20]
7| wkí‡K Nyl w`‡q Drcv`b Ki‡Z n‡j Drcvw`Z c‡Yï-[SUST: K) A`ÿZv L) `ÿZv
2012-13] M) AR©b‡hvM¨ N) AeëüZ m¤ú`
K) `vg K‡g I evRv‡i weµq K‡g L) `vg ev‡o I weµq ev‡o 05| gybvdv m‡ev©”PKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ©-[MBSTU: 2019-20]
M) `vg ev‡o I weµq ev‡o N) `vg K‡g I weµq ev‡i K) MR=MC L) TR=TC M) MR>MC N) TR>TC
O) `vg I weµq w¯i _v‡K DËi: K
DËi: M e¨vL¨v: gybvdv m‡ev©”PKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© n‡jv, MR=MC|
e¨vL¨v: wkí‡K Nyl w`‡q Drcv`b Ki‡Z n‡j Drcvw`Z c‡Yï `vg gybvdv m‡ev©”PKi‡Yi chv©ß kZ© (2q kZ©) - MC †iLv MR †iLvi
¯^fveZB ev‡o| Avi `vg evo‡j weµq n‡e| wb‡Pi w`K †_‡K †Q` Ki‡e|
8| wb‡Pi †KvbwU †gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q bq? -[SUST: 2011-12] 06| Av‡qi mv‡_ mÂ‡qi m¤úK© Kx? [MBSTU: 2019-20]
K) cwienb e¨q L) KvuPvgv‡ji Rb¨ e¨q K) k~b¨ L) FYvZ¥K M) Amxg N) abvZ¥K
M) we`y¨rkw³i Rb¨ LiP N) F‡Yi Rb¨ my` cwi‡kva DËi: N
O) weµq I cÖ`vb| e¨vL¨v Av‡qi †h Ask †fv³v fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ iv‡L Zv‡K mÂq e‡j|
DËi: N Av‡qi mv‡_ mÂ‡qi m¤úK© n‡jv abvZ¥K| †fv³vi Avq evo‡j
e¨vL¨v: cwienb e¨q, KvuPvgv‡ji Rb¨ e¨q, we`y¨rkw³i weµq Ki mÂ‡qi cÖeYZv ev‡o|
cÖ`vb BZ¨vw` cwieZ©bkxj e¨q| Z‡e F‡Yi Rb¨ my` cwi‡kva 07| ¯^íKvjxb AC †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb? [MBSTU: 2019-20]
AcwiZ©bkxj e¨q| K) U AvK…wZi L) V AvK…wZi M) Z AvK…wZi N) L- AvK…wZi
9| wk‡íi ¯’vbxqKi‡Yi A_©‣bwZK KviY †KvbwU? [SUST: 2011-12] DËi: K
K) Rjevqy L) KvuPvgv‡ji mvwbœa¨ e¨vL¨v: Mo e¨q: †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï cÖwZ GKK Drcv`b Ki‡Z †h e¨q
M) kÖ‡gi mnRjf¨Zv N) DbœZ †hvMv‡hvM eë¯v nq Zv‡K Mo e¨q e‡j| A_©vr †gvU e¨q‡K (TC) `ª‡eï cwigvY
O) †KvbwUB bq (P) Øviv fvM Ki‡jB Mo e¨q (AC) cvIqv hvq| Mo e¨q
DËi: M TC
e¨v¨Lv: wk‡íi ¯vbxqKi‡Yi A_©‣bwZK KviY- AC=
Q
 KvuPvgv‡ji mvwbœa¨
Mo e¨q †iLvi AvK…wZ: ¯^íKvj ev `xN©Kvj †h †Kv‡bv mg‡qi
 kÖ‡gi mnRjf¨Zv
†cÖwÿ‡Z we‡ePbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq Mo e¨q †iLv mvaviYZ Bs‡iwR U
 Rjevqy
Aÿ‡ii g‡Zv ev U- AvK…wZ (UShaped) wewkó nq|
 LwbR I •e`y¨wZK Dr‡mi mnRjf¨Zv
 A‡_©i mnRjf¨Zv
 gvwUi ¸Yv¸Y
gvIjvbv fvmvbx weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq
01| GK BDwbU †ewk Drcv`b Ki‡Z AwZwi³ e¨q‡K e‡j-[MBSTU:
2019-20]
K) cwieZ©bkxj e¨q L) ¯vqx e¨q M) cÖvwšÍK e¨q N) †gvU e¨q 8| ‡jvW‡kwWs e„w× K‡i-[MBSTU: 2019-20]
DËi: M K) mÂq L) ¯^w¯Í
e¨vL¨v: cÖvwšÍK e¨q (Marginal Cost): Drcv`‡bi cwigvY GK M) Drcv`b e¨q N) A_©‣bwZK ZrciZv
GKK e„w×i d‡j †gvU e¨‡qi †h e„w× N‡U, Zv‡K cÖvwšÍK e¨q e‡j| DËi: M
A_©vr GK BDwbU ev GKK †ewk Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ AwZwi³ †h e¨q e¨vL¨v: †jvW‡kwWs‡qi Rb¨ Drcv`b e¨vnZ nq, d‡j Drcv`b e¨q
Ki‡Z nq, ZvB cÖvwšÍK e¨q| e„w× cvq|
‡gvU e¨‡qi cwigvY (∆TC) 9| TFC = 20, TVC = 30 n‡j Drcv`‡bi cwigvY (Q) = 10,
cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC) = Zvn‡j TC KZ? [MBSTU: 2019-20]
‡gvU Drcv`‡bi cwigvY (∆Q) K) 5 L) 10 M) 20 N) 50
DËi: N
e¨vL¨v: TC = TFC+TVC=20+30=50
02| hw` Mo e¨q = 25 Ges Drcv`b = 20 nq, TC = nq? GLv‡b,
[MBSTU: 2019-20]
TC = Total Cost
K) 500 L) 525 M) 600 N) 325
TFC = Total Fixed Cost
DËi: A TVC= Total Variable Cost
e¨vL¨v: †Ìqv Av‡Q, Mo e¨q (AC=15)
10| gbyl¨ Drcvw`Z Drcv`‡bi DcKiY †KvbwU? [MBSTU: 2018-19]
Drcv`b (P)=20 K) kÖg L) cyuwR M) f‚wg N) D‡`¨v³v
 ‡gvU e¨q (TC) DËi: L
= Mo e¨q × Drcv`b = 25×20=500 11| my‡hvM e¨q w¯’i _vK‡j Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvwU n‡e- [MBSTU:
03| Drcv`b ej‡Z †evSvq- [MBSTU: 2019-20] 2018-19]
K) Avq m„wó L) DcKiY m„wó K) DËj L) AeZj M) mij‡iLv N) Dj¤^
M) bZzb `ªe¨ m„wó N) bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó DËi: M
DËi: N e¨vL¨v: my‡hvM e¨q (Opportunity Cost):
113
m‡ev©Ëg weKí `ªe¨ Z¨v‡Mi e¨q‡K my‡hvM e¨q ejv nq|
my‡hvM e¨q w¯i _vK‡j m¤¢vebv ‡iLvwU mij‡iLv n‡e|
Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv †_‡K e¨vL¨v my‡hvM e¨q ZË¡ Kiv hvq|
12| mxwgZ m¤ú` Ges cÖhyw³ eënvi K‡i mgvR `ªe¨ I †mev Drcv`b K‡i|
GwU †Kvb †iLv Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq? [MBSTU: 2018-19]
K) Pvwn`v †iLv L) †mvcvb †iLv
M) Avq †iLv N) Drcv`b m¤¢vebv ‡iLv 19| cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b k~Y¨ n‡j †gvU Drcv`b- [MBSTU: 2016-17]
DËi: N K) m‡ev©”P L) me©wb¤œ M) k~b¨ N) FYvZ¥K
13| AwZwi³ GK GKKK `ªe¨ ev †mev Drcv`‡bi e¨q n‡jv- DËi: K
[MBSTU: 2018-19] e¨vL¨v: cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b: DcKi‡Yi GK GKK e„w×i d‡j †gvU
K) †gvU e¨q L) cÖvwšÍK e¨q M) my‡hvM e¨q N) Mo e¨q Drcv`‡bi †h cwieZ©b nq Zv‡K cªvwšÍK Drcv`b e‡j|
DËi: L cÖ_g GKK DcKiY wb‡qv‡M †gvU Drcv`b I cªvwšÍK Drcv`b GKB
e¨vL¨v: Drcv`‡b cwigvY GK GKK e„w×i d‡j †gvU e¨‡qi †h e„w× _v‡K|
N‡U, Zv‡K cÖvwšÍK e¨q e‡j| cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j †gvU Drcv`b m‡ev©”P n‡e|
‡gvU e¨‡qi cwigvY (∆TC) 20| Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡ci Dci †Kvb e¨q wbf©i K‡i? [2016-17]
cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC) = K) †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q L) †gvU w¯i e¨q
‡gvU Drcv`‡bi cwigvY (∆Q)
M) †gvU e¨q N) Mo e¨q
DËi:L
e¨vL¨v: w¯i e¨q: †h e¨q Drcv`‡bi Dci wb©fi K‡i bv Zv‡K †gvU
w¯i e¨q e‡j| Ab¨w`‡K †h e¨q Drcv`‡bi msL¨vi Dci wbf©i K‡i
Zv‡K cwieZ©bxq e¨q e‡j|
21| ‡gvU Drcv`b hLb m‡ev©”P- [MBSTU: 2015-16]
cÖvwšÍK LiP †iLv U AvK…wZ wewkó| K) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b ZLb k~b¨
‡gvU LiP †iLvi Xvj hLb Kg‡Z _v‡K ZLb cÖvwšÍK LiP †iLv L) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b ZLb abvZ¥K
wb¤œMvgx Ges †gvU †iLvi Xvj hLb evo‡Z _v‡K ZLb cÖvwšÍK LiP M) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b ZLb FYvZ¥K
†iLv DaŸ©Mvgx nq| N) Mo Drcv`b k~b¨
14| ‡KvbwU Drcv`‡bi DcKiY bq? [MBSTU: 2017-18] DËi: M
K) f‚wg L) cyuwR M) kÖg N) wejvm `ªe¨ 22| Drcv`‡bi DcKiY¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †KvbwU †ewk MwZkxj? [2015-16]
DËi: N K) kÖg L) f‚wg M) cyuwR N) msMVb
15| GKwU †`‡ki Drcv`b mvg_©¨ †`Lvq-[MBSTU: 2017-18] DËi: M
K) ev‡RU †iLv L) Pvwn`v †iLv 23| Zzjbvg~jK LiP myweavZË¡wUi cÖeZ©K †K? [MBSTU: 2015-16]
M) Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv N) wewb‡qvM †iLv K) A¨vWvg w¯§_ L) gvk©vj
DËi: M M) †WwfW wiKv‡Wv© N) wc.G. m¨vgy‡qjmb
16| ‡Kvb e¨q †iLv wb¤œMvgx? [MBSTU: 2017-18] DËi: M
K) TVC L) TFC M) AFC N) AVC 24| ‡Kvb dv‡g©i gybvdv m‡ev©”PKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© †KvbwU?
DËi: M [MBSTU: 2015-16]
e¨vL¨v ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz Z_¨: K) †gvU Avq = †gvU e¨q L) cÖvwšÍK Avq = cÖvwšÍK e¨q
AVC ‡iLvi AvK…wZ Bs‡iwR Aÿi- U AvK…wZi M) Mo e¨q = cÖvwšÍK e¨q N) Mo e¨q = Mo e¨q
AFC †iLv-wb¤œMvgx| DËi: L
AC †iLv- U AvK…wZi e¨vL¨v: dv‡g©i gybvdv m‡ev©”PKi‡Yi kZ© `yBwU|
TFC †iLvi AvK…wZ- mgvšÍivj| gybvdv m‡ev©”PKi‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ©, cÖvwšÍK Avq = cÖvwšÍK e¨q|
17| Drcv`‡bi GKwU RxešÍ DcKiY- [MBSTU: 2017-18,16-17] gybvdv m‡ev©”PKi‡Yi chv©ß kZ©, MC †iLvi Xvj > MR †iLvi Xvj|
K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) msMVb 25| µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewawU we‡klfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨ nq †Kvb
DËi: L Lv‡Z? [MBSTU: 2015-16]
18| ‡Kvb e¨q †iLvwU U AvK…wZi? [MBSTU: 2016-17] K) K…wlLv‡Z L) wkíLv‡Z M) †mevLv‡Z N) †emiKvix Lv‡Z
K) †gvU e¨q L) Mo e¨q DËi: K
M) †gvU w¯i e¨q N) Mo w¯i e¨q e¨vL¨v: µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa:
DËi: L  µgn«vmgvb wewa me©cÖ_g e¨vLv K‡ib-A_©bxwZwe` Uvi‡Mv|
e¨vL¨v: ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz Z_¨-  Drcv`b hw` DcKi‡Yi wb‡qvM A‡cÿv Kg nq, Zv µgn«vmgvb
 Mo w¯i e¨q + Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q = ¯^íKvjxb Mo e¨q| cªvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa|
 ‡gvU w¯i e¨q j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj n‡e|  MP Øviv µgn«vmgvb Drcv`b wewa cÖKvk Kiv nq|
 Mo e¨q †iLv U AvK…wZi nq|  G wewa‡Z cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b evg w`K †_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx|
 K…wl‡ÿ‡Î µgn«vmgvb Drcv`b wewa †ewk Kvh©Ki nq|
26| ‡KvbwU m¤ú` bq?
K) evwo L) Mvwo M) A_© N) KviLvbv
DËi: M

114
e¨vL¨v: A_©bxwZi cwifvlvq hvi wewbgq g~j¨ I Drcv`b ÿgZv Av‡Q 14. Ò`xN©Kv‡j w¯i e¨q _v‡K bvÓ-e¨vL¨v Ki|
Zv‡K m¤ú` e‡j| 15. `xN©Kv‡j mKj e¨q cwieZ©bkxj-e¨vL¨v Ki|
m¤ú‡ì wKQz D`vniY - evwo, Mvwo, RvqMv Rwg, KviLvbv, D™¢vebx 16. ¯^íKv‡j w¯i e¨‡qi Dcv`vb¸‡jv Kx Kx?
ÿgZv I eyw×gËv| 17. me©`v AC > AVC nq †Kb?
27| `ywU `ª‡eï wewfbœ mswgkÖY ‡Kvb †iLv w`‡q †`Lv‡bv hvq? 18. dvg©‡K KLb w¯i e¨q enb Ki‡Z nq?
[MBSTU: 2015-16] 19. cÖvwšÍK e¨q I Mo e¨q wK GKB aviYv?
K) Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv L) †hvMvb †iLv 20. Mo e¨q (AC) Kx me©`vB cÖvwšÍK e¨‡qi (MC) mgvb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M) Pvwn`v †iLv N) wewb‡qvM †iLv 21. Mo w¯i e¨q wK k~b¨ n‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v `vI|
DËi: K 22. ‡gvU w¯i LiP †iLv f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq †Kb?
h‡kvi weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq 23. `xN©Kv‡j †Kvb ai‡bi e¨q weivRgvb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
24. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi AR = MR nq †Kb?
01| ‡gvU Drcv`b 5 GKK; GKK cÖwZ cwieZ©bkxj e¨q 5 UvKv Ges 25. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i AR I MR mgvb nq bv †Kb?
†gvU w¯’i e¨q 15 UvKv Mo e¨q KZ? [JUST: 2018-19] 26. ‡gvU Avq †iLv memgq Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx nq wK? hyw³mn †Zvgvi
K) 4 UvKv L) 5 UvKv M) 8 UvKv N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq gZvgZ `vI|
DËi: M 27. †gvU Avq I cÖvwšÍK Av‡qi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx?
e¨vL¨v: †gvU Drcv`b GKK = 5 GKK
‡gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q = 5×5=25 UvKv m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
‡gvU e¨q = 25+15=40 UvKv 1. GKRb K…lK †`L‡jb †h, DcKiY w¯i †i‡L ïay kÖg wb‡qvM evov‡j
40 Drcv`b wb‡¤œv³fv‡e cwiewZ©Z nq:
 Mo e¨q = =8 UvKv|
5 kÖg wb‡qvM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Ávbg~jK cÖkœ ‡gvU Drcv`b 10 22 27 30 32 33 33
1. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx?
K. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx?
2. A_bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
3. f~wgi gvwj‡Ki Avq‡K Kx ejv nq? L. g~jab‡K †Kb Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z DcKiY ejv nq?
4. Drcv`b DcKiY Kx Kx? M. DÏxcK n‡Z cÖvwšÍK Drcv`‡bi ZvwjKvwU •Zwi Ki|
5. ‡WwfW wiKv‡Wv© f~wg‡K Kx e‡j‡Qb? N. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b †iLvwU A¼b K‡i Zvi AvK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki|
6. Drcv`b A‡cÿK Kx? 2. wb‡¤œi GKwU ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿ‡Ki m~wP †Ìqv n‡jv:
7. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa Kx?
8. cÖvwšÍK e¨q Kx? f~wg (GKK) kÖg I g~jab (GKK) ‡gvU Drcv`b (GKK)
9. w¯i e¨q Kx? 1 1 8
10. cwieZ©bxq e¨q Kx? 1 2 20
11. TFC-Gi c~Y©iƒc ‡jL| 1 3 30
12. TVC-Gi c~Y©iƒc †jL| 1 4 36
13. AVC wbY©‡qi m~ÎwU †jL| 1 5 40
14. cÖvwšÍK Avq Kx?
1 6 42
15. †gvU Avq Kx?
16. Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i Mo I cÖvwšÍK e¨q ‡iLv Kxiƒc nq? 1 7 42
17. Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq MR KLb k~b¨ nq? 1 8 40
Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ K. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx?
1. Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î `xN©‡gqv`x ej‡Z Kx †evS? L. `xN©Kv‡j †gvU w¯i e¨q _v‡K bv †Kb?
2. ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿ‡K me DcKiY cwieZ©b nq bv †Kb?
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K AP I MP wbY©q Ki|
3. kÖwgK †Kb Zvi kÖg‡K mÂq K‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i bv-e¨vL¨v Ki|
4. msMVb‡K Drcv`b eë¯vi KvÛvwi ejv nq †Kb? N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K AP I MP Gi wbY©q wPÎmn e¨vL¨v Ki|
5. Ôg~jab Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vbÕ- e¨vL¨v Ki| 3. GKRb K…lK Zvi GK weNv Rwg‡Z 1 GKK g~jab I 1 GKK kÖg wb‡qvM
6. wkí‡ÿ‡Î Drcv`‡bi cÖ_g chv©‡q µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`‡bi K‡i 40 GKK cvU Drcv`b K‡i| f~wg I g~jab w¯i †i‡L kÖg 2,3 I 4
wewa Kvh©Ki nq bv †Kb? GKK wb‡qvM K‡i h_vµ‡g 88,120 I 140 GKK Drcv`b K‡i|
7. wkí‡ÿ‡Î wK µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa Kvh©Ki? e¨vL¨v Ki|
8. Drcv`‡bi †Kvb DcKiY‡K Zzwg me‡P‡q †ewk MwZkxj g‡b Ki? K. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx?
e¨vL¨v Ki| L. ¯^íKv‡j GKwU dvg©‡K Kx Kx ai‡bi e¨q wbev©n Ki‡Z nq?-e¨vL¨v Ki|
9. kÖg wK Drcv`‡bi GKgvÎ Dcv`vb? M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Dcv`b †iLv A¼b Ki|
10. A_©bxwZ‡Z ¯^íKvj I `xN©Kvj ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ welqwU µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa‡K
11. Drcv`‡bi ¯^íKv‡ji aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki| mg_©b K‡i wKbv?-e¨vL¨v `vI|
12. Mo e¨q wK cÖvwšÍK e¨‡qi †P‡q memgq †ewk nq? ‡jL| 4. wb‡Pi QKwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
13. ¯^íKv‡j GKwU dvg©‡K Kx Kx ai‡bi e¨q wbev©n Ki‡Z nq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
DcKiY e¨q 100 200 300 400 500 600
115
‡gvU Drcv`b 3 8 15 25 37 52 N. ‘B’ dv‡g©i Drcv`b wewawU wbY©q Ki Ges wewawU †Kvb †Kvb
K. f~wgi gvwj‡Ki Avq‡K Kx ejv nq? †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨-we‡kølY Ki|
L. kÖwgK †Kb Zvi kÖg‡K mÂq K‡i ivL‡Z cv‡i bv- e¨vL¨v Ki| 8. iwn‡gi Lvgv‡i Drcv`‡bi Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`vb I Kjv‡K․kj w¯i †i‡L
M. DÏxcKwU †Kvb ai‡bi Drcv`b wewa cÖKvk K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| ïaygvÎ kÖ‡gi wb‡qvM evwo‡q cÖvß †gvU Drcv`b wb‡P †Ìqv n‡jv-
N. DÏxc‡K †h ai‡bi Drcv`b wewa †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q Zv ev¯Í‡e †Kvb kÖg (L) ‡gvU Drcv`b (Q)
Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î Kvh©Ki nq wK? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI|
1 4
5. GKwU `ª‡eï †gvU Drcv`b I ‡gvU e¨q wb‡P †Ìqv n‡jv-
2 10
DcKiY f~wg kÖg I g~jab e¨q ‡gvU Drcv`b
3 14
mswgkÖY (GK‡i) (UvKvq) (gY)
4 17
A 2 9,000 80
K. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx?
B 2 12,000 140
L. `xN©Kv‡j w¯i e¨q _v‡K bv †Kb?
C 2 20,000 180 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K iwn‡gi Lvgv‡ii cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b †iLv A¼b Ki|
D 2 24,000 200 N. iwn‡gi Lvgv‡ii Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb wewawU Kvh©Ki Ges †Kb
K. Drcv`b Kx? Zv we‡kølY Ki|
L. dvg©‡K KLb w¯i e¨q enb Ki‡Z nq? 9. MvRxcy‡ii KvgviMvuI GjvKvi Pvwl bRiæj Bmjv‡gi 2 GKK Rwg
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Drcv`b †iLv A¼b Ki| Av‡Q| 2010 mv‡j D³ Rwg‡Z 1 Rb kÖwgK wb‡qvM K‡i ÷ª‡eix Pvl
N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewawUi K…wl‡ÿ‡Î Kvh©KvwiZv K‡i Drcv`b K‡i 8 gY| GwU jvfRbK we‡ewPZ nIqvq cieZx©
e¨vL¨v Ki| cÖwZ eQi 1 eQi K‡i kÖwgK wb‡qvM e„w× K‡i GKB Rwg‡Z cieZx©
6. GKwU dv‡g©i †gvU e¨q wb¤œiƒc- eQi 4 eQi Drcv`b n‡jv h_vµ‡g 14,18,20 I 21 gY|
Drcv`b (Q) ‡gvU e¨q (TC) K. A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b Kx?
1 80 L. Mo e¨q (AC) Kx me©`vB cÖvwšÍK e¨‡qi (MC) mgvb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
2 140 M. DÏxc‡Ki wfwË‡Z ÷ª‡eixi †gvU Drcv`b †iLvwU A¼b Ki|
3 140 N. DÏxc‡Ki ÷ª‡eix Pv‡li †ÿ‡Î †Kvb wewa Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q Ges Zv
4 240 †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ nq? Av‡jvPbv Ki|
5 350 GB Aa¨v‡qi (CQ) wfwWI K¬vm
6 480 †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
K. w¯i e¨q Kx?
L. `xN©Kv‡j mKj e¨q cwieZ©bkxj-e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K cÖvwšÍK e¨q m~wP •Zwi Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ ‡_‡K Mo e¨q (AC) I cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC)- Gi
g‡a¨ m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki|
7.
A dvg©
10. wg. X GKRb K…lK| wZwb 2 GKK Rwg‡Z 5 Rb kÖwgK w`‡q avb
Rwgi cwigvY kÖg I g~jab ‡gvU Drcv`b Pvl K‡ib 50 gY| cieZx©‡Z kÖwgK evwo‡q h_vµ‡g 6 I 7 Rb
1 GKi 100 8 n‡j av‡bi Drcv`‡b `vuovq 65 I 72 gY| GB cÖwµqvq wZwb
1 GKi 200 20 jvfevb n‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv| ZvB wZwb avb Pv‡li Rb¨ kÖwgK e„w×i
cvkvcvwk Rwgi cwigvY e„w× I Uªv±‡ii eënvi ïiæ K‡ib| Gi d‡j
1 GKi 300 40
Zvi avb Drcv`‡bi cwigvY e„w× †cj Ges jvfevb n‡jb|
1 GKi 400 70 K. AVC wbY©‡qi m~ÎwU †jL|
B dvg© L. Drcv`‡bi †Kvb DcKiY‡K Zzwg me‡P‡q †ewk MwZkxj g‡b Ki?
e¨vL¨v Ki|
Rwgi cwigvY kÖg I g~jab ‡gvU Drcv`b cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K kÖ‡gi MP ‡iLv A¼b Ki|
1 GKi 100 70 70 N. DÏxc‡Ki Uªv±‡ii eënvi I gvÎvMZ Drcv`‡bi g‡a¨ wK ‡Kv‡bv
1 GKi 200 130 60 m¤úK© Av‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
1 GKi 300 180 50 11. Rbve bvmwi‡bi wkíKviLvbvq wewfbœ ai‡bi Drcv`b e¨q nq G¸‡jv
1 GKi 400 220 40 n‡jv- KviLvbv fvov, ¯vqx Kg©Pvixi †eZb,KvuPvgvj µ‡qi e¨q,
K. †Kvb Drcv`b wewa‡Z MP ‡iLv f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj? A¯vqx kÖwg‡Ki gRyw&i, R¡vjvwb e¨q, AePq e¨q, cwienY e¨q, c¨vwKs
L. ¯^íKv‡j w¯i e¨‡qi Dcv`vb¸‡jv Kx Kx? LiP, `xN©Kvjxb F‡Yi my` BZ¨vw`| Covid-19 Gi Kvi‡Y
jKWvD‡b wKQzw`b ci Zvi KviLvbv eÜ _v‡K| wKš‧ wZwb jÿ K‡ib
M. ‘A’ dv‡g©i TP ‡iLv A¼b K‡i Gi AvK…wZi Ici gšÍe¨ Ki| ZL‡bv Zv‡K wKQz e¨q enb Ki‡Z n‡”Q| Avevi wKQz e¨q Drcv`b
e‡Üi mv‡_B eÜ n‡q ‡M‡Q|
116
K. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx? 1 200 400
L. msMVb‡K Drcv`b eë¯vi KvÛvwi ejv nq †Kb? 2 200 520
M. DÏxcK eënvi K‡i w¯i I cwieZ©bkxj e¨‡qi GKwU ZvwjKv 3 200 610
cÖ¯‧Z Ki|
4 200 720
N. `xN©Kvj we‡ePbv Kiv n‡j D³ wkíKviLvbv e¨‡qi †ÿ‡Î †Kv‡bv
cwieZ©b n‡e wK? †Zvgvi gZvgZ `vI| 5 200 1000
12. wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K. cwieZ©bxq e¨q Kv‡K e‡j?
Drcv`‡bi ‡gvU w¯i e¨q ‡gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q L. †gvU e¨q ‡iLv memgq Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx nq wK? hyw³mn †Zvgvi
GKK (Q) (TFC) (TVC) gZvgZ `vI|
1 6 7 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Mo e¨q I Mo cwieZ©bxq m~wP ‣Zwi Ki|
2 6 10 N. †gvUi mvB‡Kj •Zwi KviLvbvq Mo e¨q I cÖvwšÍK e¨‡qi g‡a¨
3 6 15 m¤úK© †Kgb?
4 6 26 17. wg. ‘X’ GKRb wePÿY Drcv`bKvix| wZwb KviLvbv ¯vcb Ki‡Z
5 6 39 wM‡q jÿ¨ K‡i †h, wKQz DcKiY GKev‡iB wb‡qvM Ki‡Z nq Ges
K. Drcv`b A‡cÿK Kx? Drcv`b bv Ki‡jI †m¸‡jvi e¨q enb Ki‡Z nq| Avevi wKQz
L. Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î `xN©Kv‡j aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki| DcKiY evievi wb‡qvM Ki‡Z nq e‡j e¨‡qiI cwieZ©b N‡U|
M. DÏxcK †_‡K Mo e¨q (AC) wbY©q Ki| K. Drcv`b Kx?
N. DÏxcK †_‡K cÖvß Mo e¨q (AC) ‡iLvi AvK…wZ m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ Ki|
L. A_©bxwZ‡Z ¯^íKvj I `xN©Kvj ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
13. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vIt
M. DÏxcK †_‡K wg. ‘X’ Gi Drcv`b cÖwµqvwU eywS‡q ej|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K TC (‡gvU e¨q) I AC (Mo e¨q) Kxfv‡e
wbY©q Kiv hvq?
18. kixd mv‡ne GKwU wPwbK‡j KvR K‡ib| me mgq wPwbK‡ji
KvuPvgvj cvIqv hvq bv| ZvB eQ‡ii GKwU wbw`©ó mgq KviLvbv‡Z
K. cÖvwšÍK Avq Kx? wZwb Drcv`b eÜ iv‡Lb| wKš‧ ZLb I wKQz LiP enb Ki‡Z nq|
L. cÖvwšÍK e¨q I Mo e¨q Kx GKB aviYv? Avevi wKQz LiP Av‡Q hv wPwbi Drcv`b eÜ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ eÜ
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wP‡Î AFC ‡iLvi AvK…wZ we‡kølY Ki| n‡q hvq|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wP‡Î SAC ‡iLvi AvK…wZ we‡kølY Ki| K. Drcv`b DcKiY¸‡jv Kx Kx?
14. A dv‡g©i Drcv`b m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ wb‡P †`qv n‡jv- L. Drcv`‡b ¯^íKv‡ji aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki|
Drcv`‡bi cwigvY ‡gvU w¯i e¨q ‡gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q
M. KviLvbv eÜ _vK‡j Kx ai‡bi e¨q enb Ki‡Z nq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(Q) (GKK) (TFC) (UvKv) (TVC) (UvKv)
N. ÒDrcv`b eÜ e¨q eÜÓ- K_vwU DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|
1 5 5
19. m~wPwU jÿ Ki Ges wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|
2 5 13
3 5 19 Drcv`‡b ‡gvU w¯i ‡gvU cwieZ©b ¯^íKvjxb †gvU
4 5 27 cwigvY (Q) e¨q (TFC) e¨q (TVC) e¨q (STC)
5 5 40 GKK UvKv UvKv UvKv
K. Drcv`b A‡cÿK Kv‡K e‡j? 0 10 0 10
L. Mo w¯i e¨q Kx k~b¨ n‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v `vI| 1g 10 15 25
M. DÏxcK n‡Z TFC ‡iLv A¼b Ki| 2q 10 20 30
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K MC ‡iLv A¼b K‡i Gi AvK…wZi Ici gšÍe¨ Ki| 3q 10 25 35
15. ‘T’ dv‡g©i †gvU Li‡Pi m~wP wb¤œiƒc: 4_© 10 38 48
Drcv`‡bi (Q) (GKK) ‡gvU LiP (TC) (UvKv) 5g 10 55 65
1 10 K. Drcv`b e¨q Kv‡K e‡j?
2 15
L. ¯^íKvj ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
3 18
M.DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ m~wPi wfwË‡Z †gvU w¯i e¨q, †gvU cwieZ©bxq
4 24
e¨q I †gvU e¨‡qi m¤úK© wP‡Îi mvn‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|
5 32
6 42 N. DÏxc‡Ki †gvU w¯i e¨q I †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨‡qi cv_©K¨ we‡kølY Ki|
K. cÖvwšÍK e¨q Kv‡K e‡j? 20. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jv DËi `vI:
L. †gvU w¯i LiP †iLv f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq †Kb?
M. DÏxc‡Ki wfwË‡Z AC I MC wbiƒcY Ki|
N. AC I MC Gi ga¨Kvi m¤úK© DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wP‡Îi
mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki|
16. GKwU †gvUimvB‡Kj •Zwi KviLvbvi Drcv`b I e¨‡qi Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc-
Drcv`b ‡gvU w¯’i LiP (jÿ ‡gvU LiP (jÿ
(GKK) UvKvq) UvKvq)
117
K. Mo e¨q Kx?
L. w¯i e¨q †Kb `xN©Kvj _v‡K bv?
M. Mo e¨q I cÖvwšÍK e¨‡qi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. AC ‡iLvi †Kvb we›`y‡Z MC ‡iLv †Q` K‡i Ges †Kb? wP‡Îi
wfwË‡Z e¨vL¨v Ki|
21. GKwU dv‡g©i †gvU Avq wb¤œiƒc-
cwigvY (Q) ‡gvU Avq (TR)
1 100
K. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx?
2 180
L. ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿ‡K me DcKiY cwieZ©b nq bv †Kb?
3 240
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡µZvi Mo Av‡qi m~wP •Zwi Ki|
4 280
N. DÏxcKwU ‡h evRvi eë¯v‡K wb‡`©k K‡i Zvi •ewkó¨mg~n
5 300
Av‡jvPbv Ki|
6 300
K. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx?
L. wkí‡ÿ‡Î Kx µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa Kvh©Ki? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxcK n‡Z †gvU Avq †iLv A¼b Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ †_‡K eY©bv Ki ‡h Mo Avq (AR) cÖvwšÍK Av‡qi
(MR) ‡P‡q †ewk|
22.

118
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-3 (Set-A)
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. wb‡¤œi GKwU ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿ‡Ki m~wP †`Iqv n‡jv: 2. m~wPwU jÿ Ki Ges wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|
f~wg (GKK) kÖg I g~jab (GKK) ‡gvU Drcv`b (GKK) Drcv`‡b ‡gvU w¯i ‡gvU cwieZ©b ¯^íKvjxb †gvU
1 1 8 cwigvY (Q) e¨q (TFC) e¨q (TVC) e¨q (STC)
1 2 20 GKK UvKv UvKv UvKv
1 3 30 0 10 0 10
1 4 36 1g 10 15 25
1 5 40 2q 10 20 30
1 6 42 3q 10 25 35
1 7 42 4_© 10 38 48
1 8 40 5g 10 55 65
K. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx? 1 K. Drcv`b e¨q Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. `xN©Kv‡j †gvU w¯i e¨q _v‡K bv †Kb? 2 L. ¯^íKvj ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K AP I MP wbY©q Ki| 3 M.DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ m~wPi wfwË‡Z †gvU w¯i e¨q, †gvU cwieZ©bxq
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K AP I MP Gi wbY©q wPÎmn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 e¨q I †gvU e¨‡qi m¤úK© wP‡Îi mvn‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki †gvU w¯i e¨q I †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨‡qi cv_©K¨ we‡kølY Ki| 4
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt
1| bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i †KvbwU? 8| wb‡Pi †Kvb †iLvwU f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj?
K) Pvwn`v L) †fvM M) ‡hvMvb N) Drcv`b K) TVC L) TFC
2| mÂq †Kvb DcKi‡Yi Drm? M) AFC N) AVC
K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) msMVb 9| ‡KvbwU w¯i Li‡Pi AšÍf©y³??
3| cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j †gvU Drcv`bÑ K) we`y¨r ms‡hvM e¨q L) we`y¨r wej
K) m‡ev©”P L) me©wb¤œ M) FYvZ¥K N) w¯i N) cwienb e¨q N) KvuPvgvj µ‡q e¨q
4| D‡`¨v³v‡K wk‡íi PvjK ev cÖfz †K e‡j‡Qb? 10| ‡KvbwU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q??
K) gvk©vj L) w¯§_ M) iweÝ N) _gmb K) ¯vqx Kg©Pvixi †eZb L) evwo fvov
5| f‚wgi •ewkó¨ n‡jvÑ M) `xN©‡gqvw` g~ja‡bi my` N) KvuPvgvj e¨q
i) f‚wg cÖK…wZi `vb 11| Drcv`‡bi g~j jÿ¨-
ii) †hvMvb mxgve× K) mgvRKj¨vY L) Rb‡mev
iii) De©iZvkw³i cv_©K¨ Av‡Q M) gybvdv AR©b N) `vb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 12| ‡Kv‡bv Drcv`bKvix Drcvw`Z mKj `ªe¨ weµq K‡i †h cwigvY gy`ªv
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii jvf K‡i Zv‡K e‡j-
 wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 6 I 7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) †gvU Avq L) Mo Avq
Kwi‡gi GKwU †Mvjvc dz‡ji evMvb Av‡Q| cÖwZw`b †m cÖwZ dzj 5 M) cÖvwšÍK Avq N) Mo Avq
UvKv K‡i 1000wU dzj wewµ K‡i Ges cÖwZ dz‡ji Rb¨ Zvi e¨q 3 13| ‡gvU Av‡qi cwieZ©b cÖKvk K‡i-
UvKv| dz‡ji wewµ †_‡K AwR©Z Av‡qi gva¨‡g †m AviI GK GKi K) Q L) MR
Rwg µq Ges kÖwg‡Ki cwigvY e„w× K‡i| G‡Z Zvi Avq w`b w`b M) TR N) AR
†e‡o P‡j‡Q|
14| AR †iLv MR †iLvq G Ae¯vb K‡i-
6| Kwi‡gi †Mvjvc dzj wewµi †gvU gybvdv KZ?
K) wb‡P L) Dc‡i
K) 2000 UvKv L) 3000 UvKv
M) GKmv‡_ N) evB‡ii w`‡K
N) 4000 UvKv N) 5000 UvKv
15| f‚wg n‡Z cvIqv hvq-
7| Kwi‡gi Rwg‡Z Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q-
i) Lv`¨
i) µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
ii) e¯¿
ii) µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
iii) evm¯vb
iii) kÖgwbweo Drcv`b A‡cÿK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
119
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-3 (Set-B)
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. GKwU dv‡g©i †gvU Avq wb¤œiƒc- 2. GKwU `ª‡eï †gvU Drcv`b I ‡gvU e¨q wb‡P †Ìqv n‡jv-
cwigvY (Q) ‡gvU Avq (TR) DcKiY f~wg kÖg I g~jab e¨q ‡gvU Drcv`b
1 100 mswgkÖY (GK‡i) (UvKvq) (gY)
2 180 A 2 9,000 80
3 240 B 2 12,000 140
4 280 C 2 20,000 180
5 300 D 2 24,000 200
6 300
K. Drcv`b Kx? 1
K. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx? 1
L. wkí‡ÿ‡Î Kx µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa Kvh©Ki? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 L. dvg© ‡ K KLb w¯ i e¨q enb Ki‡Z nq? 2
M. DÏxcK n‡Z †gvU Avq †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Drcv`b †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ †_‡K eY©bv Ki ‡h Mo Avq (AR) cÖvwšÍK Av‡qi N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewawUi K…wl‡ÿ‡Î Kvh©KvwiZv
(MR) ‡P‡q †ewk| 4 e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt 9| ‡gvU e¨q Ges cieZx© †gvU e¨‡qi eëavb n‡”Q-
1| Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb‡K Kx e‡j? K) cÖvwšÍK Avq L) Mo Avq
K) kÖg L) g~jab M) msMVb N) f‚wg M) cÖvwšÍK e¨q N) Mo e¨q
2| Drcv`‡bi cwigvY wbf©i K‡i Ñ  wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 10 I 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) Dc‡hvM wb‡qv‡Mi Ici L) g~jab wb‡qv‡Mi Ici kwdK wbR D‡`¨v‡M GKwU iæwUi KviLvbv ¯vcb Kij| iæwU
M) kÖg wb‡qv‡Mi Ici N) DcKiY wb‡qv‡Mi Ici Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ KvuPvgvj, we`y¨r wej, cwienb e¨q I cÖnixi †eZb
3| Abye©i Rwg‡K Pvlvev‡ì Dc‡hvMx K‡i Zv‡Z †ewk kÖg I g~jab eve` h_vµ‡g 15,000; 1,500; 3,000 I 2,000 UvKv LiP nq|
wewb‡qvM Ki‡j cÖvwšÍK Drcv`bÑ 10| kwd‡Ki QzwUi KviLvbvq †gvU cwieZ©bxq Li‡Pi (TVC ) cwigvY KZ?
K) evo‡e L) Kg‡e K) 18000 UvKv L) 19500 UvKv
M) k~b¨ n‡e N) AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e M) 20000 UvKv N) 21500 UvKv
4| A_©bxwZ‡Z f‚wg ej‡Z †evSvqÑ 11| wb‡Pi †KvbwU DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K w¯i LiP?
i) f‚c„ó K) KvuPvgvj L) we`y¨r wej
ii) b`b`x M) cÖnixi †eZb N) cwienb e¨q
iii) evZvm 12| AC †iLvi me©wb¤œ we›`y‡Z-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i) MC me©wb¤œ
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii ii) AC  MC nq
5| wb‡Pi †Kvb †iLvwU Ò U Ó AvK…wZi? iii) MC †iLv µgea©gvb
K) AFC L) TFC M) AC N) TC wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
6| KLb Mo e¨q ( AC ) I cÖvwšÍK e¨q ( MC ) mgvb nq? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) cÖvwšÍK e¨q ( MC ) me©wb¤œ n‡j 13| Drcv`bKvix Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ wewµ K‡i gy`ªv-
K) Avq K‡i L) e¨q K‡i
L) cÖvwšÍK e¨q ( MC ) evo‡j
M) `vb K‡i N) Rb‡mev K‡i
M) Mo e¨q ( AC Kg‡j
14| ‡gvU Avq Kx Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq?
N) Mo e¨q ( AC ) me©wb¤œ n‡j
K) TC L) AR
7| wb‡Pi †Kvb †iLvwU g~j we›`y †_‡K ïiæ nq?
M) MR N) TR
K) †gvU cwieZ©bxq LiP L) †gvU w¯i LiP
15| TR Gi Xvj m‡ev©”P Ae¯vq-
M) †gvU LiP N) Mo LiP
8| `xN©Kvj w¯i e¨q- K) ( ve) L) ( ve)
K) aªæeK L) w¯i M) O N) &
M) AcwieZ©bxq N) cwieZ©bkxj

120
m„Rbkxj As‡ki mv‡Rkb
c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi 1. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i †gvU Avq, †gvU e¨q I gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q K‡iv|
c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i 1. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii aviYv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
`vg wba©viY (¯^íKvjxb) 2. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK I GK‡PwUqv evRv‡ii cv_©K¨ we‡kølY K‡iv|
3. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i GKwU dv‡g©i ¯^íKvjxb fvimvg¨ AR©b K‡iÑ we‡kølb K‡iv|
4. AR I MR †iLv wK Ac~Y©ÑcÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii mv‡_ m½wZc~Y©? we‡kølY K‡iv|
5. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq ¯^íKv‡j dv‡g©i A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b e¨vL¨v/we‡kølY K‡iv|
6. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i Kxfv‡e fvimvg¨ `vg I Drcv`‡bi cwigvY wba©vwiZ nq? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
7. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq ¯^íKv‡j dv‡g©i †jvKmv‡bi cwigvY wbY©q K‡i wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v/we‡kølY K‡iv|
8. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii ¯^vfvweK gybvdv cwiw¯wZ wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY K‡iv|
9. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii mv‡_ Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii cv_©K¨ we‡kølY K‡iv|
10. KLb Drcv`vbKvix ÿwZ¯^xKvi K‡i Drcv`b Kvh© Pvwj‡q hvq we‡kølY K‡iv|
11. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii P=AR=MR we‡kølY K‡iv|
GK‡PwUqv evRv‡ii `vg wba©viY 1. GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZg~jK evRv‡ii ¯^vfvweK gybvdv cwiw¯wZ wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v/we‡kølY K‡iv|
(¯^íKvjxb) 2. GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii A¯^vfvweK gybvdv cwiw¯wZ wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v/we‡kølY K‡iv|
3. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡ii •ewkó¨ we‡kølY K‡iv|
4. GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii mKj †ÿ‡Î gybvdv wK AR©b Kiv m¤¢e? we‡kølY K‡iv|
5. GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii †jvKmv‡bi cwigvY wbY©q K‡i wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY K‡iv|
6. GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i KLb dvg© Drcv`b eÜ Ki‡eÑ we‡kølY K‡iv|

 evRvi ej‡Z †Kv‡bv we‡kl ¯vb‡K eySvq bv eis GK ev GKvwaK cY¨‡K eySvq, hv †µZv- we‡µZvi cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿ `iKlvKwli gva¨‡g
†Kv‡bv wbav©wiZ `v‡g µq-weµq Kiv nq| †hgb-¯^‡Y©i evRvi, cv‡Ui evRvi, avb-Pv‡ji evRvi, †kqvi evRvi BZ¨vw`|
 Aa¨vcK-P¨vcg¨v‡bi g‡Z, ÔevRvi ej‡Z †Kv‡bv ¯vb‡K eySvq bv eis GK ev GKvwaK cY¨‡K eySvq hv †µZv I we‡µZvi g‡a¨ cÖZ¨ÿ
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g µq-weµq nq|Õ

 evRv‡ii •ewkó¨:
 GKwU wbw`©ó mgq GK ev GKvwaK cY¨ ev †mev  c‡Yï †µZv I we‡µZv GK ev GKvwaK AÂj  ìKlvKwl gva¨‡g wbw`©ó `vg
 we¯Í…Z evRv‡ii aviYv: ‡Kv‡bv c‡Yï evRv‡i hLb c‡Yï Pvwn`v I †hvMvb e¨vcK nq, cY¨wU cwienb‡hvM¨ I ¯vqx nq ZLb †mB c‡Yï evRvi‡K
we¯Í…Z evRvi e‡j| wb‡Pi Giƒc evRv‡ii Avek¨Kxq kZv©ewj Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-
 AwaK Pvwn`v  AwaK †hvMvb  c‡Yï ¯vwqZ¡  enb‡hvM¨Zv  c‡Yï cwiwPwZ
 miKvwi bxwZ  cwienb I †hvMv‡hvM eë¯v  kvwšÍ I wbivcËv  weÁvc‡bi cÖfve

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 evRv‡ii †kÖwYwefvM:

 AvqZ‡bi ev cwiwa wfwË‡Z

 AvqZb ev cwiwai wfwË‡Z evRvi‡K wZb †kÖwY‡Z fvM Kiv hvq| h_v- K. ¯’vbxq evRvi, L. RvZxq evRvi I M. AvšÍRv©wZK evRvi|
 ¯’vbxq evRvi : †h `ª‡eï evRvi †`‡ki GKwU we‡kl ¯vb ev AÂ‡ji g‡a¨ mxgve× _v‡K, Zvi evRvi‡K ¯vbxq evRvi e‡j|
 RvZxq evRvi ;†Kv‡bv `ª‡eï evRvi mviv †`ke¨vcx n‡j, Zv‡K RvZxq evRvi e‡j| †hgb-‡`kxq e¯¿, cÖmvabx, hš¿cvwZ cÖf…wZi evRvi|
 AvšÍRv©wZK evRvi: ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï evRvi †`‡ki g‡a¨ mvgxe× bv †_‡K Ab¨vb¨ ‡`‡ki m¤úªmvwiZ n‡j †m evRvi‡K AvšÍRv©wZK evRvi e‡j|
†hgb-‡mvbv, iƒcv, DbœZgv‡b •Zwi †cvkvK,hš¿cvwZ BZ¨vwì evRvi|
 mg‡qi wfwË‡Z:

 mg‡qi wfwË‡Z: Aa¨vcK gvkv©j mg‡qi wfwË‡Z evRvi‡K Pvi fv‡M fvM K‡i‡Qb| h_v: K. AwZ¯^íKvjxb evRvi L. ¯^íKvjxb evRvi M.
`xN©Kvjxb evRvi Ges N. AwZ`xN©Kvjxb evRvi|
 AwZ¯^íKvjxb evRvi: hLb †Kv‡bv c‡Yï µq-weµq AwZ ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨ m¤úbœ Ki‡Z nq ZLb †m evRvi‡K AwZ¯^íKvjxb evRvi e‡j |
†hgb- gvQ, gvsm, kvKmewR BZ¨vwì evRvi| G ai‡bi evRv‡i `ª‡eï Pvwn`v evo‡jI †hvMvb evov‡bv m¤¢e nq bv Ges Pvwn`vi cwieZ©‡b `v‡gi
cwieZ©b N‡U|
 ¯^íKvjxb evRvi: †h evRv‡ii †Kv‡bv c‡Yï Pvwn`vi mv‡_ c‡Yï †hvMv‡bi mvgvb¨Zg mgš^q mvab Kiv m¤¢e nq Zv‡K ¯^íKvjxb evRvi e‡j| ¯^í mg‡q
Drcv`b cÖwZôv‡bi msL¨v AvqZb AvK…wZi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv| G evRv‡i `ªe¨ g~j¨ wbav©i‡Y †hvMv‡bi †P‡q Pvwn`vi f~wgKv AwaK _v‡K|
 `xN©Kvjxb evRvi : `xN©Kvj ej‡Z Ggb GK mgq †gqv`‡K eySv‡bv nq †h mg‡q Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©b m¤¢e| Pvwn`vi
cwigvY e„w× †c‡j dvg©¸‡jv Zv‡ì Drcv`‡bi cwigvY e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avevi, Pvwn`vi cwigvY n«vm †c‡j dvg©¸‡jv †hvMv‡bi cwigvY n«vm
Ki‡Z cv‡i| A_v©r †h mg‡q Pvwn`vi cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©b Kiv hvq Zv‡K `xN©Kvjxb evRvi e‡j|
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 AwZ`xN©Kvjxb evRvi : AwZ`xN©Kvj ej‡Z †mB mgq †gqv`‡K eySvq, hLb Drcv`b Kv‡h© eëüZ cyi‡bv cÖhyw³i cwie‡Z© bZzb cÖhyw³i cÖeZ©b
m¤¢e nq| Giƒc mgq †gqv‡` evRv‡i Pvwn`vi my`~icÖmvix cwieZ©b N‡U| †hgb- RbmsL¨vi e„w×, †µZvi iæwP-Af¨vm, Ávb cÖK…wZi Øviv
`xN©Kvjxb evRvi wbqwš¿Z I cÖfvweZ n‡q _v‡K| Gme Kvi‡Y AwZ`xN©Kvjxb mg‡qi evRv‡i cwiewZ©Z Pvwn`vi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L †hvMvb e„w×
Kiv m¤¢e nq e‡j `vg wbav©iY AwbwðZ _v‡K|
 cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z:
1. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK 2.Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK
 c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi: ‡h evRv‡i AmsL¨ †µZv I we‡µZv GKwU mgRvZxq cY¨ GKwU wbw`©ó `v‡g Aev‡a µq-weµq Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K c~Y©
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi e‡j| G evRv‡i GKRb †µZvi Pvwn`v †gvU evRvi Pvwn`vi GK mvgvb¨ Ask| †mRb¨ evRv‡i GKevi `ªe¨g~j¨ wbav©wiZ
n‡j †µZv-we‡µZv Df‡qB Zv †g‡b wb‡Z eva¨ _v‡K| ZvB c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i dvg©‡K `vg MÖnxZv wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq|

 Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi : ‡h evRv‡i †µZv I we‡µZvi msL¨v KLbI Kg, †ewk _v‡K Ges we‡µZv GKwU AmgRvZxq `ªe¨ AvswkK ev Amg
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z µq-weµq K‡i Zv‡K Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi ejv nq|

 GK‡PwUqv evRvi: GK‡PwUqv evRv‡ii Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã Monopoly| kãwUi A_© GKRb/GKgvÎ| Mono k‡ãi A_© GK Ges poly k‡ãi
A_© we‡µZv| myZivs kvwãK A‡_© GK‡PwUqv evRvi ej‡Z GKRb gvÎ we‡µZvi evRvi eySvq|c‡Y¨i `v‡gi Ici c~Y© wbqš¿Y _v‡K weavq
GK‡PwUqv Kvievi‡K `vg cÖ‡YZv ejv nq| Aa¨vcK P¨vcg¨v‡bi Gi g‡Z, Ô†h evRv‡i dvg© ev wk‡íi †Kvb we‡kl cY¨ ev †mev Dci c~Y© wbqš¿Y
Av‡Q| Zv‡K GK‡PwUqv Kvievi e‡j|Õ

 GK‡PwUqv evRvi DrcwËi KviY:

 c‡Yï †hvMv‡bi Ici wbqš¿Y  miKv‡ii AvBb  c¨v‡U›U AwaKvi  `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi ¯^í  e¨q myweav
 gvÎvMZ myweav  c‡Yï AwefvR¨Zv
 GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
†h evRv‡i eûmsL¨K dvg© c„_K A_P wbKUZg weKí cY¨ Drcv`b I weµq K‡i Zv‡K GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi e‡j|
 GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii •ewkó¨:

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 Wz‡qvcwj evRvi : Wz‡qvcwj kã Wz‡qv Ges cwj kã `ywU mgš^‡q MwVZ| Wz‡qv k‡ãi A_© `yB Ges cwj k‡ãi A_© we‡µZv| myZivs †h evRv‡i
`yRb gvÎ we‡µZv wKš‧ AmsL¨ †µZv _v‡K Zv‡K Wz‡qvcwj evRvi e‡j |
 Wz‡qvcwj evRv‡ii •ewkó¨

 Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi: Awj‡Mvcwj kãwU Awj‡Mv Ges cwj G `ywU k‡ãi mgš^‡q MwVZ| Awj‡Mv k‡ãi A_© gywô‡gq ev ¯^ímsL¨K Ges cwj k‡ãi
A_© we‡µZv| myZivs †h evRv‡i we‡µZvi msL¨v `y‡qi AwaK wKš‧ Lye †ewk bq Zv‡K Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi e‡j|
 Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡ii •ewkó¨
 ¯^ímsL¨K we‡µZv  weÁvcb ¸iæZ¡c~Y©  we‡µZvi wm×všÍ cÖfvweZ
 g‡bvcmwb evRvi: g‡bv Ges mwb -G `ywU k‡ãi mgš^‡q g‡bvcmwb k‡ãi DrcwË| g‡bv k‡ãi A_© GKRb/GKgvÎ Ges mwb k‡ãi A_© †µZv|
myZivs hLb †Kv‡bv evRv‡i AmsL¨ we‡µZv wKš‧ GKRb gvÎ †µZv _v‡K ZLb Zv‡K g‡bvcmwb evRvi e‡j|
 g‡bvcmwb evRv‡ii •ewkó¨

GB Aa¨v‡qi wfwWI K¬vm

†c‡Z Avgv‡K e¨envi Ki|

 Wz‡qvcmwb evRvi: ‡h evRv‡ii AmsL¨ we‡µZv wKš‧ `yRb gvÎ †µZv _v‡K Zv‡K Wz‡qvcmwb evRvi e‡j| †hgb- AvL Pv‡li AÂ‡j wPwbKj `ywU
_vK‡j AvL Pvwl A‡bK _vK‡jI †µZv _v‡K `yRb| ZvB G evRvi‡K Wz‡qvcmwb evRvi e‡j|

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 Wz‡qvcmwb evRv‡ii •ewkó¨:

 wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRvi: GKRb gvÎ †µZv Ges GKRb gvÎ we‡µZvi mgš^‡q MwVZ evRvi‡K wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRvi e‡j| †hgb- Rwg
µq-weµ‡qi evRvi|
 wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRv‡ii •ewkó¨

 cøv›U, dvg© I wk‡íi aviYv : cøv›U ej‡Z GKwU Drcv`b BDwbU‡K eySvq †hLv‡b eëmvq A_ev †mevg~jK KvR cwiPvwjZ nq| †hgb-GKwU
d¨v±wi, K…wl Lvgvi, LyPiv A_ev cvBKvwi weµ‡qi †÷vi BZ¨vw`|
 dvg© ej‡Z †Kv‡bv eëmvq cÖwZôvb ev †Kv¤úvwb‡K eySvq| cY¨ Drcv`‡b dvg© GK ev GKvwaK cøv›U eënvi K‡i, Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq
DcKiY µq K‡i Ges Drcvw`Z cY¨/‡mev weµq K‡i|
 wkí ej‡Z ‡Kv‡bv evRvi eë¯vq cY¨ we‡µZv‡ì mvgwóK iƒc‡K †evSvq| A_v©r cY¨ Drcv`‡b wb‡qvwRZ dvg©mg~‡ni mgwš^Z bvg wkí| †hgb
evsjv‡`‡ki cvU wkí, e¯¿ wkí, KvMR wkí|
 g~jab evRvi I gy`ªv evRv‡ii aviYv
 g~jab evRv‡ii aviYv
 g~jab evRvi ej‡Z GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi KvVv‡gv †evSvq hv `xN©Kvjxb FY Znwe‡ji Kvievi cwiPvjbv K‡i |
evRv‡ii AšÍfz„©³ cÖwZôvbmg~n n‡”Q wegv †Kv¤úvwb, mÂq e¨vsK, ÷K G·‡PÄ, f~wg eÜwK e¨vsK, wewb‡qvM ms¯v, M„n wbgv©Y FY`vb ms¯v, wkí
e¨vsK, Bmy¨ nvDR, Uªv÷, K…wl e¨vsK BZ¨vw`| Gme cÖwZôvbmg~n `xN©‡gqvw` &FY`vZv wn‡m‡e KjKviLvbv ¯vcb, fvix hš¿cvwZ µq, Dbœqb cÖK‡í
A_©ms¯vb BZ¨vw` Kv‡Ri wbhy³ _v‡K|
 †h mg¯Í Avw_©K ev FY`vbKvix cÖwZôvb `xN©‡gqv‡` F‡Yi †jb‡`b K‡i Zv‡ì mgwó‡K g~jab evRvi e‡j|
 gy`ªv evRv‡ii aviYv:
 FY`vbKvix Avw_©K cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni ¯^í‡gqvw` FY wn‡m‡e A‡_©i †jb‡`‡bi mgwóMZ Kvh©µg †h evRv‡i n‡q _v‡K Zv‡K gy`ªv evRvi e‡j|
 wewbgq wej, †UªRvwi wej, FYcÎ, A½xKvicÎ BZ¨vw` gy`ªv evRv‡ii Avw_©K `wjjc‡Îi wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq| gy`ªv evRv‡ii Avw_©K cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi
g‡a¨ evÆv`vbKvix cÖwZôvb, e„nr wkí cÖwZôvb, eëmvqx, †K›`ªxq e¨vsK, evwYwR¨K e¨vsK, miKvwi wefvMmg~n, wegv †Kv¤úvwb BZ¨vw` AšÍfz©³|
 AZGe wewbgq‡hvM¨ ¯^í‡gqvw` FY`vbKvix Ges FYMÖnYKvix me cÖwZôvbB gy`ªv evRv‡ii m`m¨|
g~jab evRvi I gy`ªv evRv‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨:
g~jab evRvi gy`ªv evRvi
g~jab evRvi `xN©‡gqvw` FY wb‡q Kvievi K‡i| gy`ªv evRvi ¯^í‡gqvw` FY wb‡q Kvievi K‡i|
G evRv‡i †kqvi, wW‡eÂvi cÖf…wZ `xN©‡gqvw` FYc‡Îi †jb‡`b nq| G evRv‡i wej Ae G·‡PÄ, cÖwZÁvcÎ, †UªRvwi wej, ¯^í‡gqvw` miKvwi
eÛ BZ¨vw` †jb‡`b nq|
we‡kl wewb‡qvM e¨vsK, wkí e¨vsK, wkí FY ms¯v, e„nr ms¯v, ÷K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK,wegv †Kv¤úvwb evÆv`vbKvix cÖwZôvb, we‡ji `vjvj, e„nr
G·‡PÄ BZ¨vw`| wkí cÖwZôvb|
cÖwZôv‡bi wbR¯^ Bmy¨K…Z FYcÎ| e¨w³ cÖwZôv‡bi RgvK…Z A_©|
wkí KviLvbvi Dbœqb,fvix hš¿, Dbœqb cÖK‡í `xN©‡gqvw` FY cÖ`vb| wewfbœ miKvwi Avw_©K cÖwZôvb I e¨w³i ¯^íKvjxb A‡_©i Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv|
 fvimvg¨ :
1g kZ©t dv‡g©i cÖvwšÍK Avq I cÖvwšÍK e¨q ci¯úi mgvb n‡e, A_v©r MR =MC n‡e|
 2q kZ©t fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z MC ‡iLvi Xvj > MR ‡iLvi Xvj n‡e| ev, MC ‡iLv MR ‡iLv‡K wbP †_‡K †Q` K‡i Dc‡ii w`‡K hv‡e|
 c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv g~jK evRv‡i ¯^íKv‡j GKwU dvg© 3 fv‡e fvimvg¨ AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i|
 ¯^íKv‡j A¯^vfvweK gybvdvmn fvimvg¨ AR©b  ¯^íKv‡j ¯^vfvweK gybvdvmn fvimvg¨ AR©b  ¯^íKv‡j ÿwZ ¯^xKvi K‡i fvimvg¨ AR©b

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 c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv g~jK evRv‡i ¯^íKv‡j GKwU dv‡g©i fvimvg¨t

 GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i ¯^íKv‡j GKwU dvg© 3 fv‡e fvimvg¨ AR©b K‡i|

 ¯^íKv‡j ¯^vfvweK gybvdvmn fvimvg¨ AR©b  ¯^íKv‡j A¯^vfvweK gybvdvmn fvimvg¨ AR©b  ¯^íKv‡j ÿwZ ¯^xKvi K‡i fvimvg¨ AR©b

Ávbg~jK I cÖkœ I DËi cÖkœ: A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi ej‡Z wK †evSvq?

cÖkœ: Wz‡qvcwj evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? DËi: A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi ej‡Z †Kvb `ªe¨‡K †evSvq hv †µZv I
DËi: †h evRv‡i `yBRb gvÎ we‡µZv `ª‡eï †hvMvb m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wbqš¿Y we‡µZvi g‡a¨ cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g GKwU wba©vwiZ
K‡i Zv‡K Wz‡qvcwj evRvi e‡j| `v‡g µq-weµq †evSvq|
cÖkœ: g‡bvcmwb evRvi Kx? cÖkœ: w¯i e¨q Kx?
DËi: †h evRv‡i GKRb gvÎ †µZv evRvi Pvwn`v m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wbqš¿Y DËi: `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi cwigvY n«vm e„w×i d‡j †h e¨‡qi †Kv‡bv
K‡i Zv‡K g‡bvcmwb evRvi e‡j| cwieZ©b nq bv Zv‡K w¯i e¨q e‡j|
cÖkœ: A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi Kx? cÖkœ: evRv‡ii •ewkó¨ KZ cÖKvi?
DËi: A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi n‡jv GKwU `ªe¨ †µZv-we‡µZv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖZ¨ÿ ev DËi: evRv‡ii •ewkó¨ wZb cÖKvi|
c‡ivÿfv‡e ì KlvKwli gva¨‡g GKwU wba©vwiZ `v‡g µq weµq| cÖkœ: ¯vbxq evRvi Kv‡K e‡j?
cÖkœ: GK‡PwUqv evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? DËi: c‡Yï µq weµq †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ¯vb ev GjvKvq mxgve× n‡j
DËi: †h evRv‡i GKRb gvÎ we‡µZv ev Drcv`bKvix _v‡K I AmsL¨ Zv‡K ¯vbxq evRvi e‡j|
†µZv Ges evRvig~‡jï Ici we‡µZvi AvwacZ¨ we`¨gvb _v‡K Zv‡K cÖkœ: RvZxq evRvi ej‡Z wK †evSvq?
GK‡PwUqv evRvi e‡j| DËi: †Kv‡bv c‡Yï evRvi mviv †`ke¨vcx we¯Í…Z n‡j Zv‡K RvZxq
cÖkœ: Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRvi Kx? evRvi e‡j|
DËi: †hme evRv‡i GK ev GKvwaK wKš‧ AmsL¨ bq, ‡µZv I we‡µZv cÖkœ: ¯^íKvjxb evRvi Kx?
Amg cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z cY¨ µq-weµq K‡i, †mme evRviB Ac~Y© DËi: evRv‡ii ¯vqxKvj hw` Ggb nq †h, Pvwn`v cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi| †hvMv‡bi mvgvb¨ cwieZ©b Kiv m¤¢e nq Z‡e Zv‡K ¯^íKvjxb evRvi
cÖkœ: c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi Kx? e‡j|
DËi: †h evRvi AmsL¨ †µZv-we‡µZv mgRvZxq cY¨ ì KlvKwli cÖkœ: `xN©Kvjxb evRvi Kx?
gva¨‡g µq-weµq K‡i Zv‡K c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi e‡j| DËi: `xN©Kvjxb evRvi ej‡Z Ggb GK ai‡bi evRvi‡K †evSvq
cÖkœ: dvg© Kx? †hLv‡b Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi c~Y© mvgÄm¨ eRvq _v‡K|
DËi: †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ Drcv`‡b wb‡qvwRZ Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb‡K dvg© e‡j| cÖkœ: AwZ `xN©Kvjxb evRvi Kx?
cÖkœ: evRvi ej‡Z wK †evS? DËi: †h evRv‡ii `vwqZ¡Kvj K‡qK eQi n‡Z GK hy‡Mi I †ewk n‡Z
DËi: evRvi ej‡Z †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ¯vb‡K †evSvq bv eis †Kv‡bv `ªe¨‡K cv‡i Zv‡K AwZ `xN©Kvjxb evRvi e‡j|
†evSvq hv †µZv ev we‡µZvi g‡a¨ cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi cÖkœ: Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi Kx?
gva¨‡g GKwU wba©vwiZ `v‡g µq nq| DËi: †h evRv‡i we‡µZvi msL¨v `y‡qi AwaK wKš‧ gywó‡gq we‡µZv
cÖkœ: †Kvb evRv‡i GKRb gvÎ †µZv _v‡K? _v‡K Zv‡K Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi e‡j|
DËi: g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i GKRb gvÎ †µZv _v‡K| cÖkœ: Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi Kx?
cÖkœ: evRvi m¤ú‡K© A_©bxwZwe` Aa¨vcK P¨vcg¨v‡bi msÁvwUZ †jL| DËi: Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi `yB cÖKvi|
DËi: evRvi m¤ú‡K© Aa¨vcK P¨vcg¨vb e‡jb, ÔevRvi ej‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖkœ: c~Y© Awj‡Mvcwj Kx?
¯vb‡K †evSvq bv, eis GK ev GKvwaK `ªe¨mvgMÖx‡K †evSvq, hv †µZv DËi: hw` evRv‡i gywó‡gq K‡qKRb we‡µZv ev K‡qKwU dvg©
I we‡µZvi g‡a¨ cÖZ¨ÿ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g GKwU wbw`©ó `v‡g µq mgRvZxq `ªe¨ Drcv`b ev weµq K‡i Zv‡K c~Y© Awj‡Mvcwj ejv nq|
weµq nq| cÖkœ: Awj‡Mvcwj k‡ãi A_© Kx?

126
DËi: Awj‡Mvcwj k‡ãi A_© n‡jv Aí we‡µZv| ¯vwqZ¡ K‡qK mßvn ev K‡qK gvm| ¯^íKv‡j Drcv`b cÖwZôv‡bi msL¨v,
cÖkœ: wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRvi Kx? AvqZb I hš¿cvwZi cwieZ©b Kiv hvq bv| G evRv‡i `vg ‡hvMv‡bi
DËi: GKRb gvÎ †µZv Ges GKRb we‡µZvi mgš^‡q MwVZ evRvi‡K ‡P‡q Pvwn`v ØvivB AwaK cÖfvweZ nq| MvgQv, jyw½, kvwo cÖf…wZi
wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRvi e‡j| evRvi ¯^íKvjxb evRv‡ii D`vniY |
cªkœ: cøv›U ej‡Z wK †evS? cÖkœ 6| evRvi ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
DËi: cøv›U ej‡Z GKwU Drcv`b BDwbU‡K †evSvq †hLv‡b eëmvq DËi : mvaviY A‡_© evRvi ej‡Z ‡Kv‡bv ¯vb‡K ‡evSvq, ‡hLv‡b
A_ev †mevg~jK KvR cwiPvwjZ nq| ‡µZv-we‡µZvi Dcw¯wZ‡Z cÖZ¨¶ ì KlvKwli gva¨‡g cY¨mvgMÖx
cÖkœ: wkí Kx? µq-weµq Kiv nq| A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi ej‡Z ‡Kv‡bv we‡kl ¯vb‡K
DËi: †Kv‡bv evRvi eë¯vq cY¨ we‡µZv‡ì mvgwóK iƒc‡K wkí ejv nq| ‡evSvq bv eis GKK ev GKvwaK cY¨‡K ‡evSvq, hv ‡µZv we‡µZvi
cÖkœ: fvimv‡gï chv©ß kZ© ‡KvbwU? cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶ ì KlvKwli gva¨‡g ‡Kv‡bv wba©vwiZ `v‡g µq-
DËi: fvimv‡gï chv©ß kZ© n‡”Q MC †iLvi Xvj>MR †iLvi Xvj| weµq Kiv nq|
cÖkœ 7| evRv‡ii ‣ewkó¨¸‡jv eY©bv Ki |
DËi : evRv‡ii wewfbœ msÁvi we‡kølY ‡_‡K A_©bxwZweìv evRv‡ii
wZbwU ‣ewk‡óï K_v D‡jøL K‡ib| G¸‡jv n‡jv-
i. µq-weµq‡hvM¨ GK ev GKvwaK `ªe¨ ev Dcv`vb _vK‡Z n‡e |
ii. cÖ‡Z¨K c‡Yï Rb¨ GK`j ‡µZv-we‡µZv _vK‡Z n‡e|
iii. ‡µZv I we‡µZv‡ì g‡a¨ Aeva cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g wbw`©ó `v‡gi
D™¢e n‡e, ‡mB `v‡g `ªe¨wU µq-weµq n‡e|
cÖkœ 8| AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRv‡ii aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi : Aa¨vcK gvk©v‡ji g‡Z, ‡h evRv‡ii w¯wZkxjZv K‡qK NÈv ev
K‡qKw`b, ‡m evRvi‡K AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRvi e‡j| Giƒc evRv‡i
mn‡R ‡hvMvb n«vm ev e„w× Kiv hvq bv| G evRv‡i Pvwn`v ØvivB `vg
wba©vwiZ nq| `ya, gvQ, gvsm, kvKmewR cÖf…wZi evRvi‡K AwZ
Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ I DËi
¯^íKvjxb evRvi e‡j |
cÖkœ 1 | Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq wK GKB? e¨vL¨v Ki |
DËi : Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq GKB ai‡bi bq| ‡Kv‡bv dv‡g©i cÖkœ 9| `xN©Kvjxb evRvi ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
DËi : `xN©Kvjxb evRvi ej‡Z Ggb ai‡bi evRvi‡K ‡evSvq ‡hLv‡b
‡gvU Avq‡K Drcv`‡bi cwigvY Øviv fvM Ki‡j hv cvIqv hvq, Zv‡K
Pvwn`v I ‡hvMv‡bi c~Y© mvgÄm¨ eRvq _v‡K| Giƒc evRv‡i Pvwn`v
Mo Avq e‡j| Avi weµ‡qi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j ‡gvU Av‡qi ‡h
Abyhvqx `ª‡eï ‡hvMvb e„w×i h‡_ó mgq cvIqv hvq| `xN©Kvjxb mg‡q
cwieZ©b nq, G `yB‡qi AbycvZ‡K cÖvwšÍK Avq e‡j |
Drcv`b cÖwZôv‡bi AvqZb, msL¨v I KvVv‡gvMZ cwieZ©b mvab K‡i
cÖkœ 2| `xN©Kvjxb evRv‡i `vg wba©vi‡Y Pvwn`v I ‡hvMv‡bi f~wgKv |
Pvwn`v Abyhvqx `ª‡eï ‡hvMvb n«vm-e„w× Kiv hvq| d‡j `xN©Kv‡j Pvwn`v
DËi : ‡h evRv‡i `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi mv‡_ mvov w`‡q ‡hvMvb cwieZ©b Kiv
e„w× ‡c‡j ‡hvMvb evov‡bv hvq Ges Pvwn`vi n«vm NU‡j ‡hvMvb n«vm
hvq Zv‡K `xN©Kvjxb evRvi e‡j| Pvwn`v I ‡hvMv‡bi g‡a¨ mvgÄm¨
Kiv hvq|
weavb K‡iB `xN©Kvjxb evRv‡i `ª‡eï `vg wba©vwiZ nq| Gfv‡e
`xN©Kvjxb evRv‡i `vg wba©vi‡Y Pvwn`v I ‡hvMv‡bi f~wgKv | cÖkœ 10| AvqZ‡bi wfwË‡Z evRv‡i ‡kÖwYwefvM e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi : AvqZ‡bi wfwË‡Z evRvi‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v-
cÖkœ 3| GK‡PwUqv Kvievwi wK GKB mv‡_ `vg I cwigvY wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z
cv‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| i) ¯’vbxq evRvi : ‡hme `ª‡eï evRvi ‡Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó GjvKv ev
DËi : n¨vu, GK‡PwUqv Kvievwi GKB mv‡_ `vg I cwigvY wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z mxgvbvi g‡a¨ mxgve× _v‡K Zv‡K ¯vbxq evRvi e‡j|
cv‡i| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i GKRb gvÎ we‡µZv _v‡K Ges evRv‡i ii) RvZxq evRvi: ‡hme `ª‡eï evRvi GKwU ‡`‡ki me GjvKv Z_v
dv‡g©i `ª‡eï wbKUeZ©x cwieZ©K _v‡K bv| ZvB ‡m evRv‡i `vg I ‡`ke¨vcx we¯Í…Z nq Zv‡K RvZxq evRvi e‡j|
cwigv‡Yi Ici cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡¶‡Î c‡Yï ‡hvMvb iii) AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi: ‡hme `ª‡eï evRvi wek¦e¨vcx we¯Í…Z nq Zv‡K
evov‡Z ev Kgv‡Z Ges c‡Yï `vgI B”Qvg‡Zv cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi e‡j|
cÖkœ 4| wµ‡m›U RyU wgj dvg© bv wkí Zv KviYmn e¨vL¨v Ki| cÖkœ 11| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z evRv‡ii ‡kÖwYwefvM e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi : wµ‡m›U RyU wgj GKwU dvg©| GKB eë¯vcbvq GKwU Drcv`‡b DËi : cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z evRvi‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v-
¯^qsm¤ú~Y© GKvwaK cø¨v›U _vK‡Z cv‡i| Gme cø¨v‡›Ui mgwóB n‡jv i. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi :
dvg©| myZivs GKB eë¯vcbvi Drcv`‡bi mKj BDwb‡Ui mgwó‡K dvg© ‡h evRv‡i AmsL¨ ‡µZv we‡µZv GKwU mgRvZxq cY¨ GKwU wbw`©ó
e‡j| ‡hgb- evsjv‡`‡ki GK GKwU cvUKj GK GKwU dvg© | wewfbœ `v‡g µq-weµq K‡i Zv‡K c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi e‡j|
eë¯vcbvi Aax‡b GKB `ªe¨ Drcv`‡b wb‡qvwRZ mKj dv‡g©i mgwó‡K ii. Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi : ‡h evRv‡i AímsL¨vK ‡µZv-
wkí e‡j| ‡hgb- evsjv‡`‡ki mg¯Í cvUKj wg‡j cvU wkí | we‡µZvi g‡a¨ Amg cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z cY¨mvgMÖx µq-weµq Kiv
cÖkœ 5| g‡bvcwj I g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i ‡Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ Av‡Q wK? nq Zv‡K Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv evRvi e‡j|
DËi : g‡bvcwj I g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i e¨vcK cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| cÖkœ 12| c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii cÖavb PviwU ‣ewk‡ó¨ D‡jøL Ki|
Monopoly evRvi ej‡Z GK‡PwUqv evRvi‡K ‡evSvq| A_©vr hLb DËi : c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii cÖavb PviwU ‣ewkó¨ n‡jv-
‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï ‡hvMvb GKRb e¨w³ ev GKwU gvÎ cÖwZôv‡bi c~Y© i. AmsL¨ ‡µZv-we‡µZv|
wbqš¿‡Y ‡µZvgvÎ 'GKRb; wKš‧ we‡µZvi msL¨v AmsL¨ Zv‡K ii. mgRvZxq cY¨|
Monopsony evRvi e‡j| iii. evRv‡i ‡µZv-we‡µZvi Aev‡a cÖ‡ek cÖ¯vb|
cÖkœ 6| ¯^íKvjxb evRv‡ii ‣ewkó¨mg~n eY©bv Ki| vi. wewfbœ wk‡íi g‡a¨ Drcv`‡bi DcKiY¸‡jv MwZkxj _vK‡e|
DËi : ‡h evRv‡i `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ ‡hvMv‡bi
cÖkœ 13| Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii 5wU ‣ewkó¨ eY©bv Ki|
mvgvb¨ mgš^q mvab m¤¢e Zv‡K ¯^íKvjxb evRvi e‡j| G evRv‡ii DËi : Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii 5wU ‣ewkó¨ n‡jv-
127
i.KgmsL¨K ‡µZv I we‡µZv| nq| Z‡e ‡`‡ki evB‡i µq-weµq nq bv| ‡hgb- ‡`‡k cÖ¯‧Z kvwo,
ii. weÁvc‡bi cÖfve | AvmevecÎ BZ¨vw`|
iii. Drcv`‡bi DcKiY Aev‡a MwZkxj bq| cÖkœ 21| AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
iv. Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï wewfbœZv | DËi : ‡hme `ª‡eï evRvi wbw`©ó AÂj ev wbw`©ó ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ mxgve×
V.`vg m¤ú‡K© AÁZv | bv ‡_‡K mvivwek¦ Z_v c…w_exe¨vcx we¯Í…Z nq Zv‡K AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi
cÖkœ 14| Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡ii aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki| e‡j| AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡ii gva¨‡g GKvwaK ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ cY¨ Avg`vwb-
DËi : ‡h evRv‡i gywó‡gq K‡qKRb we‡µZv ev K‡qKwU dvg© ißvwb nq| Gi d‡j eëmvq evwYR¨ w`b w`b cÖmvwiZ n‡”Q| ‡hgb-
mgRvZxq ev evRvi‡K 'competition among the few' Z_v evsjv‡`‡ki cv‡Ui evRvi, ¯^‡Y©i evRvi, Pv‡qi evRvi BZ¨vw` |
K‡qKR‡bi g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv e‡j e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb| Awj‡Mvcwj g‡b †i‡Lv Avgvq!!!
(Oligopoly) k‡ãi A_© n‡jv Aí we‡µZv (few seller)| GLv‡b  evRv‡ii †kÖwYwefvM I •ewkó¨mg~n
K‡qKRb we‡µZv ej‡Z `yB‡qi AwaK Z‡e A‡bK bq'- G ai‡bi 1. me©cÖ_g evRvi m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbvi m~ÎcvZ K‡ib-gvkv©j|
we‡µZv‡K we‡ePbv Kiv nq| A_©bxwZweìv `yB ‡_‡K `kRb 2. AvqZb Abymv‡i evRvi‡K fvM Kiv hvq- 3 fv‡M|
we‡µZv‡K we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb| 3. mgq Abymv‡i evRvi‡K fvM Kiv hvq-4 fv‡M|
cÖkœ 15| GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii 5wU ‣ewkó¨ eY©bv Ki| 4. cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z evRvi cÖavbZ-2 cÖKvi|
DËi : GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii 5wU ‣ewkó¨ n‡jv t 5. evRvi aviYv Av‡jvwPZ nq-`ª‡eï cÖK…wZ Abyhvqx|
i. AímsL¨K we‡µZvi Dcw¯wZ| 6. Pvwn`vi cwieZ©‡b mvgvb¨ †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©b-¯^íKvjxb evRv‡i|
ii. `ªe¨mg~n m`„k wKš‧ c„_KK…Z| 7. ‡µZvi iæwP, Af¨vm cwieZ©b N‡U- AwZ `xN©Kvjxb evRv‡i|
iii. wk‡í bZyb dv‡g©i cÖ‡ek cÖ¯v‡bi ¯^vaxbZv|  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
iv. `vg wbqš¿‡Y we‡µZvi AvswkK cÖfve | 8. AmsL¨ †µZv I we‡µZv _v‡K-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i|
cÖkœ 16| g‡bvcmwb evRvi ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? 9. `vgMÖnxZv wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i|
DËi : hLb ‡Kv‡bv evRv‡i `ª‡eï ‡µZv gvÎ GKRb Ges we‡µZv 10. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRv‡i weµq nq-mgRvZxq `ªe¨|
AmsL¨ _v‡K ZLb Zv‡K g‡bvcmwb ev ‡µZvi GK‡PwUqv evRvi e‡j | 11. ‡gvU Avq I †gvU e¨q mgvb n‡j-¯^vfvweK gybvdv|
‡hgb- ‡Kv‡bv AÂ‡j hw` GKwUgvÎ Kvc‡oi Kj _v‡K Zvn‡j cvk¦©eZ©x 12. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i me©wb¤œ nq-e¨q|
¯v‡bi Zyjv Drcv`bKvixMY ‡mB Kvc‡oi K‡j Zyjv wewµ Ki‡Z eva¨ 13. Ki, fZz©wK, †ikwbs cÖfvegy³ _v‡K-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRv‡i|
n‡e| G evRv‡ii ‣ewkó¨ n‡jv- 14. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i P = AR = MR.
1. GKRb gvÎ ‡µZv|  GK‡PwUqvg~jK evRvi
2. eûmsL¨K we‡µZv| 15. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg©-`vgm„wóKvix|
cÖkœ 17 ! Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡ii cvuPwU ‣ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki | 16. GK‡PwUqv evRvi- AR> MR nq|
DËi : Avj‡Mvcwj evRv‡ii cvuPwU ‣ewkó¨ n‡jv- i. we‡µZvi msL¨v 17. Nwbô weKí `ªe¨ Abycw¯Z- GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|
`yB‡qi ‡ewk wKš‧ gywó‡gq ii. we‡µZvi AvPiY A‡bKUv GK‡PwUqv 18. bZzb dvg© cÖ‡e‡ki †Kv‡bv my‡hvM †bB-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|
19. we‡µZvi B”Qv Abyhvqx `ª‡eï †hvMvb wbav©iY-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|
cÖK…wZi| iii. wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y cvi¯úwiK wbf©ikxjZv| weÁvc‡bi Ici
AwaK ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc | 20. dvg© I wk‡íi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ †bB-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|
we‡µZvi `jxq I ‡h․_ g‡bvfve | 21. Pvwn`v †iLv evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|
cÖkœ 18| cøv›U ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?  GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
22. GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq dvg©mg~n-`jfz³ _v‡K|
DËi : cøv›U ej‡Z GKwU Drcv`b BDwbU‡K ‡evSvq ‡hLv‡b eëmvq
23. ev¯Íe RM‡Zi AwaKvsk evRviB-GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK|
A_ev, ‡mevg~jK KvR cwiPvwjZ nq| Aa¨vcK gvk©v‡ji g‡Z, ÒLv`¨ 24. cÖPzi weÁvcb e¨q nq-GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRv‡i|
Drcv`b A_ev ‡mev cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q A_ev wbw`©ó 25. GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq-Mo Avq I Pvwn`v †iLv wb¤œMvgx|
¯v‡b wKQy ‡jv‡Ki GKwÎZ nIqvi cÖwµqv‡K Plant ejv hvq|Ó  Awj‡Mvcwj
cÖkœ 57| Wy‡qvcwj evRvi ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? 26. gywó‡gq we‡µZvi evRvi- Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi|
DËi : hLb evRv‡i `yRb gvÎ we‡µZv evRv‡ii mg¯Í `ª‡eï ‡hvMvb 27. ‘Competition among few’- gv‡K©U ejv nq-Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi‡K|
wbqš¿Y K‡i ZLb Zv‡K Wy‡qvcwj evRvi e‡j | Aa¨vcK Henderson 28. Awj‡Mvcwj‡Z-dv‡g©i cÖe‡k evav|
Quendt-Gi g‡Z, ÒGKwU Wy‡qvcwj wk‡í `yRb we‡µZv _v‡K|Ó 29. weï× Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡i `ªe¨-mgRvZxq|
30. Awj‡Mvcwj‡Z-dv‡g©i cÖ‡ek evav|
‡hgb- ‡Kv‡bv kn‡ii cwienb eë¯v hw` evm I ‡U«b Øviv wbqwš¿Z nq
31. Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi DrcwË n‡q‡Q-PviwU Kvi‡Y|
Zvn‡j Zv‡K Wy‡qvcwj evRvi e‡j 32. Awj‡Mvcwji cY¨-‡XDwUb, •e`y¨wZK Zvi|
cÖkœ 19 | A¯^vfvweK gybvdv ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? 33. Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡i `ªe¨ µq-weµq nq-cÖvq mgRvZxq|
DËi : hLb ‡Kv‡bv dv‡g©i e¨‡qi ‡P‡q Avq ‡ewk nq ZLb Zv‡K 34. Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡i-cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Zxeª|
A¯^vfvweK gybvdv e‡j| GK‡PwUqv evRvi I ¯^íKvjxb c~Y© 35. Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡i we`¨gvb-`v‡gi AbgbxqZv|
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i Giƒc gybvdv AwR©Z nq| Z‡e G‡¶‡Î  g‡bvcmwb evRvi
fvimvg¨ AR©‡bi wba©vwiZ `ywU kZ© QvovI AwZwi³ kZ© P=(AR) > 36. GKRb †µZv _v‡K- g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i|
AC cvwjZ nq| 37. g‡bvcmwb evRv‡ii wecixZ-GK‡PwUqv|
38. Wz‡qvcwj evRv‡i †µZvi msL¨v-AmsL¨v|
cÖkœ 20 | RvZxq evRvi ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
39. g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i cY¨-hy× wegvb|
DËi : ‡hme `ª‡eï evRvi GKwU ‡`‡ki me GjvKv Z_v ‡`ke¨vcx
40. we‡µZvi msL¨v `yRb-Wz‡qvcwj evRv‡i|
we¯Í…Z nq ZLb Zv‡K RvZxq evRvi e‡j| Gme `ª‡eï evRvi ‡Kv‡bv 41. we‡µZvi msL¨v AmsL¨v _v‡K- Wz‡qvcmwb evRv‡i|
wbw`©ó GjvKvq mxgve× _v‡K bv| Gme `ªe¨ ‡`‡ki g‡a¨ µq-weµq 42. `vg •elg¨Zg~jK evRv‡i cY¨- †ijMvwoi wUwKU|

128
 dvg© I wkí  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i P = Ar = MR nq|
43. mgRvZxq `ªe¨ Drcv`bKvix mKj cÖwZôvb‡K GK‡Î e‡j- wkí|  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i fvimv‡gï kZ©- P = AR = MR|
44. AmsL¨ dvg© _vK‡Z cv‡i- wk‡íi Aax‡b|  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i –MR= MC nq|
45. ‡gvU Avq I †gvU e¨q c×wZ-mbvZb c×wZ| 6. mewRi Pvwn`v e„w× †c‡jI GKRb we‡µZv nVvr mieivn evov‡Z
46. cÖwZwU Lv‡gi g~j jÿ¨ n‡jv- gybvdv m‡ev©”PKiY| cv‡i bv| G‡ÿ‡Î mewRi evRvi †Kvb ai‡bi evRv‡i D`vniY?
47. `vg I Drcv`b bxwZ we`¨gvb-e„nËg wk‡í| K. ¯^íKvjxb L. AwZ ¯^íKvjxb M. `xN©Kvjxb N. AwZ `xN©Kvjxb
48. cÖvwšÍK Avq Ges cÖvwšÍK e¨q c×wZ-AvaywbK c×wZ| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!
49. AvaywbK c×wZ‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ©- MR = MC|  cPbkxj `ª‡eï evRvi-AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRvi|
 c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i `vg wbav©iY (¯^íKvjxb) Ges  nVvr mieivn evov‡bv hvq bv-AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRv‡i|
GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i `vg wbav©iY (¯^íKvjxb)  kvwo,jyw½ BZ¨vwì evRvi-¯^íKvjxb evRvi|
50. dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z kZ© cvwjZ nq-2wU|  D‡ovRvnvR, Avmevec‡Îi evRvi-`xN©Kvjxb|
51. ¯^íKv‡j dv‡g©i w¯i Dcv`vb- AcwiewZ©Z|  †h evRv‡i w¯wZKvj AwZ`xN© Zv‡K e‡j- AwZ `xN©Kvjxb evRvi|
52. dv‡g©i fvimv‡gï 1g ev cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© n‡jv- MR = MC| 7. GKRb †µZv Ges AmsL¨ we‡µZv _v‡K †Kvb evRv‡i?
53. dv‡g©i fvimv‡gï 2q ev chv©ß kZ© n‡jv- MR Gi Xvj < MC Gi Xvj| K. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv L. g‡bvcwj M. Awj‡Mvcwj N. g‡bvcmwb
54. dv‡g©i †jvKmvb ¯^xKvi K‡i Drcv`b Ae¯v wb‡`©k K‡i- AC > P > AVC. hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
55. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i A¯^vfvweK gybvdv- P > AC|  GKRb †µZv I AmsL¨ we‡µZv _v‡K- g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i|
56. ‡gvU e¨q- TC = AC  Q |  Mono k‡ãi A_©-GK|
57. ‡gvU Avq n‡jv- TR = P  Q|  Sony kãi A_©-‡µZv|
Abykxjbx cvV-1  `yB‡qi AwaK wKš‧ Lye †ewk we‡µZv _v‡K bv- Awj‡Mvcvwj‡Z|
1. `y‡ai evRvi †Kvb ai‡bi?  AmsL¨ †µZv I we‡µZv _v‡K-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi|
K. AwZ ¯^íKvjxb L. ¯^íKvjxb M. `xN©Kvjxb N. AwZ `xN©Kvjxb  GKRb we‡µZv I AmsL¨v †µZv _v‡K-g‡bvcwj evRvi|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 8. AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRv‡i •ewkó¨-
 cPbkxj `ª‡eï evRvi-AwZ ¯^íKvjxb| K. `vg †h nv‡i ev‡o †hvMvb Zvi †P‡q †ewk nv‡i ev‡o
 wegvb, RvnvR BZ¨vw` evRvi- AwZ `xN©Kvjxb| L. RbmsL¨v e„w× Øviv G evRv‡i wbqwš¿Z nq
 †gvevBj, gUi Mvwoi evRvi-`xN©Kvjxb evRvi| M. †hvMvb m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK nq
 kvwo,jyw½ BZ¨vw` evRvi-¯^íKvjxb evRvi| N. bZzb cÖhyw³i cÖeZ©b m¤¢e nq
2. cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z evRvi KZ cÖKvi? hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K. 2 L. 3 M. 4 N. 5  cPbkxj `ª‡eï evRvi-AwZ ¯^íKvjxb|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  AwZ ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨ m¤úbœ nq- AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRvi|
 cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z evRvi-2 cÖKvi|  †hvMvb evov‡bv m¤¢e bq-AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRv‡i|
 mgq Abymv‡i evRvi-4 cÖKvi| 9. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i-
 AvqZb Abymv‡i evRvi-3 cÖKvi| K. Drcv`b AwaK nq wKš‧ m¤ú` eënv‡i `ÿZv AwR©Z nq bv
 c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i `ªe¨-mgRvZxq| L. `xN©Kv‡j ïay ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z nq wKš‧ †hvMvb †iLv †bB
 †µZv-we‡µZvi ì-KlvKwli gva¨‡g D™¢e nq-`v‡gi| M. dvg© A_©‣bwZKfv‡e `ÿ wKš‧ `vg AwaK nq
3. Òwe‡µZv bq, †µZv evRvi‡K wbqš¿Y K‡iÓ Ggb evRvi‡K Kx N. mvgvwRK Kj¨vY m‡ev©”P nq bv wKš‧ `vg AwaK nq
ai‡bi evRvi e‡j? hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K. GK‡PwUqv evRvi L. g‡bvcmwb evRvi  †h evRv‡i GKRb we‡µZv I AmsL¨ †µZv _v‡K Zv‡K e‡j-
M. Wz‡qvcmwb evRvi N. Wz‡qvcwj evRvi GK‡PwUqv evRvi|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!  Monopoly k‡ãi A_©-GK‡PwUqv|
 GKRb we‡µZv _v‡K-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|  `ª‡eï `vg wbqš¿Y Kiv m¤¢e-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|
 `yB Rb †µZvi evRvi‡K e‡j-Wz‡qvcmwb evRvi|  `vg AwaK n‡jI mvgvwRK Kj¨vY m‡ev©”P nq bv-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|
 GKRb ‡µZvi evRvi‡K e‡j-g‡bvcmwb|  mev©waK gybvdv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|
 †µZv evRvi‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i- g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i| 10. ‡Kvb evRv‡i we‡µZvi msL¨v `yÕRb _v‡K?
 `yBRb we‡µZvi evRvi‡K e‡j- Wz‡qvcwj| K. g‡bvcwj L. g‡bvcmwb M. Wz‡qvcwj N. Wz‡qvcmwb
4. ‡Kvb evRvi‡K `vgMÖnxZv ejv nq? hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K. Wz‡qvcwj evRvi  Duo A_©-`yB|
L. GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi  Poly A_©-we‡µZv|
M. GK‡PwUqv evRvi  `yBRb we‡µZv evRvi‡K e‡j-Wz‡qvcwj|
N. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi  mv‡K©j MVb K‡i GK‡PwUqv g‡Zv AvPiY K‡i-Wz‡qvcwj|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!! 11. ‡Kvb evRv‡i wkí GKK eë¯’vcbvq cwiPvwjZ nq?
 c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi‡K e‡j-`vg M„nxZv| K. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv L. g‡bvcwj M. Awj‡Mvcwj N. g‡bvcmwb
 `vg m„wóKvix e‡j-GK‡PwUqv evRvi‡K| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 †µZv `vg wbqš¿Y K‡i-g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i|  wkí GK eë¯vcbvq cwiPvwjZ nq-g‡bvcwj evRv‡i|
 dvg© I wkí GKB ‡h evRv‡i-g‡bvcwj|
5. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mZ¨?
 GKRb gvÎ Drcv`bKvix _v‡K-g‡bvcwj evRv‡i|
K. P = AR > MC L. P = AR < MC
 AmsL¨ Drcv`bKvix I we‡µZv _v‡K-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi|
M. P = AR = MC N. P = AR = MR  †µZv `vg wbqš¿Y †K-g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!
129
12. Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i- hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K. AR = MR nq L. AR  MR nq  dvg© ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b K‡i hLb- P = AC nq|
M. AR < MR nq N. AR  MR nq  A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z nq ZLb-P > AC|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  dvg© ÿwZi m¤§yLxb nq hLb-P < AC nq|
 `vg wfbœ _v‡K- Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i|  dvg© ÿwZ ¯^xKvi K‡iI Drcv`b K‡i hLb- AC > P > AVC.
 Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvMZvg~jK evRv‡i `ªe¨¸‡jvi-c„_K ¸Ym¤úbœ|
 dvg© Drcv`b eÜ K‡i †`q hLb- AC > AVC > P.
 weÁvc‡bi cÖfve cwijwÿZ nq-Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i|
 Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i- AR > MR nq| 19. ‡Kvb evRv‡ii †ÿ‡Î mvaviY P = MC nq?
K. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
 c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i- AR = MR nq|
13. `v‡gi Ici we‡µZvi cÖfve †Kvb evRv‡i? L. GK‡PwUqv evRvi
K. g‡bvcmwb L. Wz‡qvcmwb M. wØ-cvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRvi
M. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi N. GK‡PwUqv evRvi N. GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 `v‡gi Dci we‡µZvi cÖfve _v‡K-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi P = MC nq|
 `v‡gi Dci †µZvi cÖfve _v‡K-g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i|  ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z nq hLb-P = AC.
 B”Qvg‡Zv `vg wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i- GK‡PwUqv weµZv|  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i- MR = AR = P nq|
14. ÔdzjKwcÕ †Kvb evRv‡ii D`vniY?  g‡bvcwj evRv‡i fvimvg¨ Ae¯vq AR < AR = P.
K. AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRvi L. ¯^íKvjxb evRvi
M. `xN©Kvjxb evRvi N. AvšÍRv©wZK evRvi  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AwZwi³ gybvdv n‡j P > AC nq|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  GKRbgvÎ †µZv I GKRbgvÎ we‡µZv _v‡K-wØ-cvwÿK GK‡PwUqv
 cPbkxj `ª‡eï evRvi mvaviYZ-AwZ ¯^íKvjxb| evRv‡i|
 †hvMvb evov‡bv m¤¢e bv-AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRv‡i| 20. †Kvb evRv‡i GKRbgvÎ †µZv _v‡K?
 gvQ,gvsm, mewRi evRvi-AwZ ¯^íKvjxb| K. g‡bvcwj L. Wz‡qvcwj M. g‡bvcmwb N. Awj‡Mvcwj
 Pvwn`v cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi wbqš¿Y m¤¢e-`xN©Kvjxb evRv‡i| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 †`kxq mxgvbv †cwi‡q Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k m¤úªmvwiZ evRvi‡K e‡j-  GKRb we‡µZv _v‡K-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|
AvšÍRv©wZK evRvi|  GKRb †µZv _v‡K-g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i|
15. g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i †µZvi msL¨v KZ?  `yRb we‡µZv _v‡K-Wz‡qvcwj evRv‡i|
K. GKRb L. `yBRb M. ¯^ímsL¨K N. AmsL¨ 21. ‡Kvb ai‡bi evRv‡i dvg© I wkí I GKB e‡j we‡ewPZ?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! K. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv L. GK‡PwUqv
 GKRb ‡µZv _v‡K-g‡bvcmvwb‡Z|
M. Awj‡Mvcwj N. Wz‡qvcwj
 `yBRb we‡µZv _v‡K-Wz‡qvcwj‡Z|
 ¯^í msL¨K we‡µZv _v‡K- g‡bvcwj evRv‡i| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 AmsL¨ we‡µZv _v‡K-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i|  dvg© I wkí GKB-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|
16. dv‡g©i ¯^íKvjxb fvimvg¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© †KvbwU?  GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dv‡g©i msL¨v-1wU|
K. MR > AR L. MR > AR  AmsL¨ dvg© _v‡K-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i|
M. MR = MC N. MC ‡iLvi Xvj > MR ‡iLvi Xvj  Wz‡qvcwj evRv‡i dv‡g©i msL¨v-2wU|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 22. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRvi dv‡g©i `vg †iLv-
 fvimv‡gï cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ©-MR = MC. K. Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx L. Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
 fvimv‡gï AwZwi³ kZ©- MC > MR. M. f~wg A‡ÿ mgvšÍivj N. j¤^ A‡ÿ mgvšÍivj
 mKj dvg© Drcv`b cwiPvjbv K‡i-fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AR I MR ‡iLv-f~wg A‡ÿi
GB Aa¨v‡qi (MCQ) wfwWI
mgvšÍivj|
K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
 AR,MR ‡iLv Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx-Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK|
23. Ô‡h evRv‡i we‡µZv `yB‡qi AwaK wKš‘ Lye †ewk bqÕ Giƒc evRvi‡K
Kx e‡j?
K. Wz‡qvcwj L. g‡bvcwj M. Wz‡qvcmwb N. Awj‡Mvcwj
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 we‡µZv msL¨v `yB‡qi AwaK wKš‧ †ewk nq-Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡i|
 Awj‡Mvcwji me‡P‡q mnR iƒc-Wz‡qvcwj|
 GKRb we‡µZvi evRvi-g‡bvcwj|
17. wb‡Pi †Kvb evRv‡i P = Ar = MR nq?  `yBRb †µZvi evRvi-Wz‡qvcmwb|
K. GK‡PwUqvg~jK evRvi L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi 24. ‡Kvb evRv‡i †Kv‡bv cwieZ©K `ªe¨ _v‡K bv?
M. Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi N. Wz‡qvcwj evRvi K. GK‡PwUqv L. Wz‡qvcwj M. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv N. Awj‡Mvcwj
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 `vg = MR nq-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i|  wbKU cwieZ©K `ªe¨ _v‡K bv-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|
 MR < AR nq-Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i|  mgRvZxq `ªe¨ weµq nq-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i|
 Awj‡Mvcwji mij ‡iLv n‡jv-Wz‡qvcwj|  c‡Yï †hvMvb wbqwš¿Z _v‡K- GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|
18. ÿwZ ¯^xKvi K‡iI dvg© Drcv`b Ki‡e hw`-  Nwbô cwieZ©K `ªe¨ we`¨gvb- Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡i|
K. AC < P > AVC L. AC < P < AVC 25. ‡h evRv‡i GKRb †µZv Ges GKRb we‡µZv we`¨gvb †mB
M. AC > P > AVC N. AC = P = AVC evRvi‡K Kx e‡j?
130
K. Wz‡qvcwj L. Awj‡Mvcwj  GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i AR> MR nq|
M. g‡bvcwj N. wØ-cvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRvi  AR I MR ‡iLv wb¤œMvgx-GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  mvgvb¨ c„_KxKiY `ªe¨ wewµ nq- Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡i|
 GKRb we‡µZv I GKRb †µZvi evRvi-wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv| 32. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AR =MR nq, KviY-
 GKRb we‡µZv I AmsL¨ †µZvi evRvi-g‡bvcwj| K. AmsL¨ †µZv L. AmsL¨ we‡µZv
 `yB Rb we‡µZv AmsL¨K †µZv evRvi-Wz‡qvcwj| M. `vg w¯i N. `ªe¨ mgRvZxq
 gywó‡gq we‡µZv I AmsL¨ †µZv evRvi-Awj‡Mvcwj| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
26. Ògywó‡gq we‡µZvi evRviÓ wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K ejv nq?  `vg (P) cwigvY (Q) A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq|
K. Wz‡qvcwj L. Awj‡Mvcwj M. g‡bvcmwb N. Wz‡qvcmwb  AmsL¨ †µZv-we‡µZv-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i dv‡g©i fvimvg¨-MR = MC
 GKRb †µZvi evRvi-g‡bvcmwb|  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i me©wb¤œ nq-e¨q|
 `yBRb †µZvi evRvi-Wz‡qvcmwb|  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i wewµ nq-mgRvZxq `ªe¨|
 gywó‡gq we‡µZvi evRvi- Awj‡Mvcwj| 33. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i `vg (P) ‡iLv Kxiƒc n‡e?
 `yB Rb we‡µZvi evRvi-Wz‡qvcwj| K. j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
27. wb‡Pi †KvbwU evRvi fvimvg¨ wb‡`©k K‡i? L. f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
K. Pvwn`v I †hvMvb L. Pvwn`v  †hvMvb M. evgw`K †_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
M. Pvwn`v  †hvMvb N. Pvwn`v = †hvMvb N. evgw`‡K †_‡K Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 evRvi fvimvg¨-Pvwn`v = †hvMvb nq|  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i fvimvg¨ Ae¯vq nq P = MC
 Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq †hvMvb †ewk n‡j m„wó nq-evRvi DØ„Ë|  `xN©Kvjxb ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b K‡i-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi|
 Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq †hvMvb Kg n‡j m„wó nq-evRvi NvUwZ|  MC ‡iLv‡K †hvMvb †iLv ejv nq-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i|
28. evRvi A_©bxwZ wbqš¿Y K‡i-  mKj `ªe¨ mgRvZxq-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq|
K. Drcv`bKvix L. ‡µZv M. miKvi N. `vgeë¯v  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i †gvU Avq †iLv-mij I g~j we›`yMvgx|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  miKvwi cÖfvegy³ evRvi-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK|
 `vgeë¯v •Zwi nq-‡hvMvb I Pvwn`v wµqv cÖwZwµqv Øviv| 34. ‡Kvb evRv‡i dvg©‡K `vg m„wóKvix wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq?
 evRvi A_©bxwZ wbqš¿Y K‡i-`vgeë¯v| K. g‡bvcwj L. Wz‡qvcwj M. Awj‡Mvcwj N. g‡bvcmwb
 GKK e¨w³i Øviv cÖfvweZ nq bv-`vgeë¯v| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
29. ‡Kvb evRv‡i dvg© Ô`vg m„wóKvixÕ?  bZzb dvg© cÖ‡e‡ki †Kvb my‡hvM †bB- GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|
K. g‡bvcwj L. Wz‡qvcwj M. Awj‡Mvcwj N. g‡bvcmwb  cwieZ©K `ªe¨ Abycw¯Z-GK‡PwUqv ev g‡bvcwj evRv‡i|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  Wz‡qvcwj evRv‡i we‡µZv _v‡K-2 Rb|
 dvg© `vgm„wóKvix-g‡bvcwj evRv‡i|  mvgvb¨ c„_KxKiY `ªe¨ wewµ nq- Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡i|
 `vg M„nxZ ejv nq-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i|  †µZvi msL¨v gvÎ GKRb-g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i|
 †µZv `vg wbqš¿Y K‡i-g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i| 35. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dv‡g©i fvimv‡gï cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© Kx?
 wmwÛ‡KU MVb K‡i evRv‡i wbqš¿Y K‡i-Wz‡qvcwj evRvi| K. MR=MC L.MR>MC M. MR < MC N. AR > MC
30. wb‡Pi †Kvb Abymv‡i dvg©wUi gybvdv KZ? hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dv‡g©i fvimv‡gï cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ©- MR = MC
 GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dv‡g©i fvimv‡g¨ chv©ß kZ©- MR Gi Xvj <
MC Gi Xvj|
 `xN©Kvjxb AwZwi³ gybvdv AwR©Z nq-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|
 c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii ¯^vfvweK gybvdv n‡jv-P = AC
 c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AwZwi³ gybvdv- P > AC
K. 2 UvKv L. 4 UvKv M. 5 UvKv N. 6 UvKv  m¤ú‡ì `ÿ eënvi AwR©Z nq-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i|
36. g‡bvcwj evRv‡ii †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! K. AR = P > MR L. MR > AR = P
 dv‡g©i †gvU e¨q- AC  Q. M. AR > P = MR N. P > AR = MR
 dv‡g©i †gvU Avq- P  Q. hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 dv‡g©i gybvdv = †gvU Avq-‡gvU e¨q|  Nwbô weKí `ªe¨ _v‡K bv-g‡bvcwj evRv‡i|
 GKB mv‡_ Pvwn`v I `vg cÖKvk K‡i-AR ‡iLv|  g‡bvcwj evRv‡i fvimvg¨ eë¯vq-( MR < AR = P)|
 dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ cwigvY wbav©wiZ nq-MR=MC n‡j|  GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i fvimvgë¯vq, MC =
31. ‡Kvb evRv‡ii Pvwn`v †iLv f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj? MR I MR < AR Ges Xvj MR< Xvj MC nq|
K. GK‡PwUqv L. Awj‡Mvcwj  ¯^íKv‡j fvimvgëë¯vq, MC = MR= AR = P Ges Xvj
M. GK‡PwUqvg~jK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv N. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv MR < Xvj MC nq|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 Pvwn`v †iLv f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv evRv‡i|
 mgRvZxq `ªe¨ weµq nq-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i| 37. †Kvb evRv‡i dvg© I wk‡íi g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB?
 dvg© I wk‡íi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ _v‡K bv-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i| K. GK‡PwUqv L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv

131
M. Awj‡Mvcwj N. GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK  mg‡qi wfwË‡Z evRvi-4 cÖKvi|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 43. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i AR I MR ‡iLvi †ÿ‡Î-
 cwieZ©K `ªe¨ †bB-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i| i. Wv‡b wb¤œMvgx ii. AR > MR iii. AR < MR
 dvg© GKKfv‡e Drcv`b †hvMvb †`q-g‡bvcwj evRv‡i| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 dvg© I wk‡íi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ †bB-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i| K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
 mvgvb¨ c„_KxKiY `ªe¨ wewµ nq-Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡i| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 cÖPzi weÁvcb LiP nq- GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRv‡i|  GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i AR = D nq|
38. ‡h evRv‡i GKRb †µZv Ges GKRb we‡µZv we`¨gvb †mB  GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i cÖvwšÍK Avq Kg _v‡K- Mo Avq ‡_‡K|
evRvi‡K Kx e‡j?  GK‡PwUqv dvg© n‡jv-`vg m„wóKvix|
K. Wz‡qvcwj L.Awj‡Mvcwj 44. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i GKwU dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z-
M. Wz‡qvcmwb N. wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRvi i. MR = MC
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! ii. AR = MR
 †µZv Ges we‡µZv GKRb i‡q‡Q-wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i| iii. MC ‡iLvi Xvj > MR ‡iLvi Xvj
 `yB Rb we‡µZvi evRvi‡K e‡j-Wz‡qvcwj| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 gywó‡gq K‡qKRb we‡µZv _v‡K- Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡i|
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
 mvgvb¨ c„_KxKiY `ªe¨ wewµ nq-Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡i|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 ‡µZvi msL¨v `yÕRb-Wz‡qvcmwb evRv‡i|  †h‡Kv‡bv evRv‡i fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z MR = MC|
 wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i Bs‡iwR bvg-Bilateral Monopoly.  c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AR = MR = P nq|
39. ‡h evRv‡i GKRb †µZv msL¨v we‡µZv _v‡K Zv‡K Kx evRvi e‡j?  MC > MR n‡jv fvimv‡gï-chv©ß kZ©|
K. g‡bvcwj L. Wz‡qvcwj M. Awj‡Mvcwj N. g‡bvcmwb
 P > AC n‡j AwR©Z nq-A¯^vfvweK gybvdv|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 g‡bvcwj evRv‡i wecixZ-g‡bvcmwb evRvi| 45. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi aviYvwUi m¤úK© n‡jv-
i. Pvwn`vi mv‡_
 bZzb dvg© cÖ‡e‡ki †Kv‡bv my‡hvM †bB-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|
 Wz‡qvcwj evRv‡i †µZvi msL¨v-AmsL¨| ii. mg‡qi mv‡_
 Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡i `ªe¨ wewµ nq-cÖvq mgRvZxq| iii. †hvMv‡bi mv‡_
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
40. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi aviYvwU m¤úwK©Z-
i. Pvwn`vi mv‡_ ii. mg‡qi mv‡_ iii. †hvMv‡bi mv‡_ K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 46. P = AR = MR nq-
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii i. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! ii. Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i
 †µZv I we‡µZvi ìKlvKwl‡Z GKwU wbw`©ó `v‡g †Kvb `ªe¨ iii. `vg¯Íi w¯i _vK‡j
wewµ nIqv‡K e‡j-evRvi| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 evRvi n‡Z n‡j cY¨ n‡Z n‡e-GK ev GKvwaK| K. i L. ii M. i I iii N. ii I iii
 †µZv I we‡µZvi ìKlvKwl‡Z wbav©wiZ nq-`vg| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 evRvi msMwVZ n‡Z cv‡i-GK ev GKvwaK ¯v‡b|  `vg¯Íi w¯i _v‡Ki AR = MR nq|
 mg‡qi wfwË‡Z evRv‡i-4 cÖKvi|  `vg¯Íi w¯i _vK‡j P ‡iLv-f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq|
 `ª‡eï `vg I cwigvY wbav©wiZ nq-Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi wfwË‡Z|  `vg¯Íi w¯i _v‡K-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i|
41. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i-  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv evRv‡i- P = AR = MR nq|
i. AR I MR Dfq †iLv Wv‡b wb¤œMvgx 47. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i ¯^íKv‡j †Kv‡bv dvg© fvimvg¨ Ae¯’vq-
ii. AR ‡iLv dv‡g©i Pvwn`v wb‡`©k K‡i i. A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i
iii. AR I MR ‡iLvi wb‡P Ae¯vb K‡i ii. ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. b~¨bZg ÿwZ ¯^xKvi K‡i Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡i
K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii
 dv‡g©i Pvwn`v †iLv wb‡`©k K‡i-AR ‡iLv| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i AR I MR DfqB †iLvB wb¤œMvgx|  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq ¯^íKv‡j dvg© gybvdv AR©b K‡i-wZb ai‡bi|
 GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i-MR < AR  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i dv‡g©i fvimvg¨-MR = MC
42. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi ej‡Z †evSvq-  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i fvimv‡gï chv©ß kZ©-MC > MR
i. GKwU wbw`©ó ¯vb‡K  MR = MC nq- c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i|
ii. GK ev GKvwaK cY¨‡K  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq dv‡g©i AwZwi³ gybvdv- P > AC.
iii. GK wbav©wiZ `v‡g c‡Yï µq-weµq‡K 48. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i GKwU dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. MR = MC ii. P > MC iii. AR = MR
K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
 evRvi msMwVZ n‡Z cv‡i-GK ev GKvwaK ¯v‡b| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 GKwU wbw`©ó `v‡g cY¨ µq weµq nIqv‡K e‡j-evRvi|  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRv‡i wewµ nq-mgRvZxq `ªe¨|
 c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ n‡jv-MR = MC
132
 miKvwi cÖfvegy³ evRv‡i n‡j-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi|  TR < TC n‡j- A¯^vfvweK ÿwZ nq|
 †gvU Avq = cÖvwšÍK Avq nq c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i|  ¯^vfvweK gybvdv n‡e hw`-TR-TC = 0 nq|
 DÏxcKwU co Ges 49 I 50 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt  DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges 55 I 56 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
R¡vjvwb M¨v‡mi wej gv‡mi 300 UvKv †e‡o †M‡Q| evRv‡i Ab¨
†Kv‡b M¨vm mieivnKvix cÖwZôvb bv _vKvq Rbve gykwdK †ewk
`v‡g M¨vm wKb‡Z eva¨ n‡”Qb|
49. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ M¨v‡mi evRvi-
K. GK‡PwUqv L. c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZv M. Awj‡Mvcwj N. Wz‡qvcwj
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 wbKU cwieZ©K `ªe¨ _v‡K bv- GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡i|
55. DÏxcKwU Abyhvqx †gvU e¨q KZ?
 B‡”Q g‡Zv `vg wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i-GK‡PwUqv Kvievwi| K. 120 L. 80 M. 72 N. 40
 mvgvwRK Kj¨vY me©wb¤œ nq-GK‡PwUqv wk‡í|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
50. D³ evRv‡i dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z-
 ‡gvU Avq TR = AC  Q
i. MR<AR ii.MR > AR iii. MC Gi Xvj > MR Gi Xvj
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  ‡gvU e¨q TC = P  Q
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii  P > AC n‡j-A¯^vfvweK gybvdv nq|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 56. DÏxcK Abyhvqx dvg©wU †Kvb Ae¯’vq Drcv`b Ki‡Q?
 fvimvg¨ nq- MR= MC n‡j| i. ‡jvKmvb Ae¯vq
 fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z MC ‡iLvi Xvj-MR ‡iLvi Xv‡ji †P‡q †ewk| ii. ¯^íKv‡j
 mKj dv‡g©i fvimv‡gï kZ©-GK| iii. me©wb¤œ Mo e¨‡q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 DÏxcKwU co Ges 51 I 52 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
weµq (Q) cwigvY †gvU Avq (TR) K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii
1 10 hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
2 20  AC > P n‡j-‡jvKmvb nq|
3 30  AVC < P n‡j dvg©-ÿwZ ¯^xKvi K‡i I Drcv`b Ki‡e|
51. DÏxcKwU †Kvb evRv‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?  AVC > P n‡j dvg©-Drcv`b eÜ K‡i w`‡e|
K. GK‡PwUqv L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv M. Awj‡Mvcwj N. g‡bvcmwb  wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 57 I 58 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 miKvwi cÖfvegy³ evRvi n‡jv-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv|
 Nwbô weKí `ªe¨ Abycw¯Z-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|
 ¯^‡íi g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv cwijwÿZ nq-Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡i|
 †µZvi msL¨v GKRb-g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i|
52. DÏxcK Abyhvqx-
i. `vg w¯i ii. TR = MR iii. AR = P
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 57. ‡gvU e¨q KZ?
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii K. 20 L. 50 M. 80 N. 100
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 `vg w¯i _v‡K-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i|  Drcv`‡bi mKj GK‡Ki mv‡_ m¤ú„³-‡gvU e¨q|
 MR = P nq KviY-`vg w¯i _v‡K|  ‡gvU Avq AC  Q
 AR = P nq-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i|  ‡gvU e¨q P  Q
 wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 53 I 54 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt 58. DÏxc‡K gybvdv †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU cÖ‡hvR¨?
K. ¯^vfvweK L. A¯^vfvweK
M. †jvKmvb N. †KvbwUB bq
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 TR > TC n‡j gybvdv nq-A¯^vfvweK|
53. DÏxc‡K dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ `vg KZ GKK?  TR = TC n‡j gybvdv nq-¯^vfvweK|
K. 0 L. 10 M. 20 N. 40
 TR < TC n‡j-jm nq|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 DÏxcKwU jÿ Ges 59 I 60 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
 fvimvg¨ `vg wbav©wiZ nq-`vg †iLv Øviv|
 fvimvg¨ cwigvY wbav©wiZ nq MR = MC _v‡K|
 dv‡g©i †gvU e¨q-AC  Q
 `vg, Avq, e¨q BZ¨vw` wb‡`©wkZ nq-j¤^ A‡ÿ|
54. ‡jvKmv‡bi cwigvY KZ?
K. 240 L. 200 M. 40 N. 20
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
59. DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î ÿwZi cwigvY KZ?
 TR > TC n‡j-A¯^vfvweK gybvdv nq|
K. 50 L. 100 M. 200 N. 300
 TR = TC n‡j-¯^vfvweK gybvdv nq|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
133
 TR < TC n‡j-ÿwZ nq|  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq dv‡g©i fvimvg¨-MR = MC
 TR = P  Q  `vg = cÖvwšÍK Avq AwR©Z nq-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq|
 TC = AC  Q  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq `v‡gi fvimvg¨ kZ©-P = AR = MR.
 TR > TC n‡j-A¯^vfvweK gybvdv nq|  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wk‡íi fvimvg¨ kZ©-S=D
60. AC ‡iLv,AR ‡iLvi E we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K n‡j dvg© ‡Kvb Ae¯’vi m¤§yLxb nq-  ‡gvU Avq I †gvU e¨q mgvb n‡j AwR©Z nq-¯^vfvweK gybvdv|
K. A¯^vfvweK gybvdv L. ¯^vfvweK gybvdv DËicÎ
M. Drcv`b e‡Üi wm×všÍ wb‡e N. †jvKmvb 1.K 2.K 3.L 4.N 5.N 6.L 7.N 8.M
hv bv Rvb‡j bq 9.N 10.M 11.L 12.N 13.N 14.K 15.K 16.M
 c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i gybvdv AR©b nq-wZb fv‡e| 17.L 18.M 19.K 20.M 21.L 22.M 23.N 24.K
 ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z n‡j c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv nq-P = AC 25.N 26.L 27.N 28.N 29.K 30.K 31.N 32.M
 c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq AwZwi³ gybvdv AR©‡bi kZ© n‡jv-P > AC 33.L 34.K 35.K 36.K 37.K 38.N 39.N 40.N
 fvimvg¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ P = AR = MR nq- c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv| 41.K 42.L 43.K 44.N 45.N 46.M 47.N 48.K
 c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq ÿwZi m¤§yLxb n‡q Drcv`b n‡j-AC < P < 49.K 50.L 51.L 52.L 53.L 54.M 55.K 56.K
AVC 57.M 58.L 59.L 60.L 61.K 62.K 63.K 64.M
 DÏxcKwU jÿ Ki Ges 61 I 62 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Abykxjbx cvV-2
evRvi
1| ‡Kvb evRv‡i we‡µZvi msL¨v `yRb _v‡K?
K) g‡bvcwj L) g‡bvcmwb M) Wz‡qvcwj N) Wz‡qvcmwb
2| evRvi fvimv‡gï kZ© Kx?
K) Pvwn`v = †hvMvb L) Pvwn`v = `vg
M) †hvMvb = `vg N) Pvwn`v = `vg = †hvMvb
61. DcwiD³ DÏxc‡K fvimvg¨ we›`y †KvbwU? 3| g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i †µZvi msL¨v KZ?
K. E we›`y L. F we›`y M. G we›`y N. H we›`y
K) GKRb L) `yRb M) ¯^ímsL¨K N) AmsL¨
62. Mo e¨q †iLv M we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j- 4| `v‡gi Ici we‡µZvi cÖfve †Kvb evRv‡i?
i. ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z n‡e K) g‡bvcmwb L) Wz‡qvcmwb
ii. A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z n‡e M) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK N) GK‡PwUqv evRvi
iii. gybvdvi aib AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e 5| ÔdzjKwcÕ †Kvb evRv‡ii D`vniY?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) AwZ¯^íKvjxb evRvi L) ¯^íKvjxb evRvi
K. i L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. iii M) `xN©Kvjxb evRvi N) AvšÍRv©wZK evRvi
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 6| dv‡g©i ¯^íKvjxb fvimv‡g¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© †KvbwU?
 Mo e¨q ej‡Z `vg †iLv‡K †evSvq-GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡i| K) MR  AR L) MR  AR
 TR ‡iLv eµ •iwLK nq-GK‡PwUqv eëmv‡q| M) MR  MC N) MC ‡iLvi Xvj  MR †iLvi Xvj
 weµ‡qi cwigvY e„w×i j‡ÿ GK‡PwUqv Kvievwi n«vm K‡i-`vg|
7| wb‡Pi †Kvb evRv‡i P  AR  MR nq?
 dv‡g©i †hvMvb †iLv cvIqv hvq bv-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|
K) GK‡PwUqvg~jK evRvi L) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
 DcKiYmg~n m¤ú~Y© MwZkxj nq-GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i|
M) Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi N) Wz‡qvcwj evRvi
 GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i nq-AR > MR. 8| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wfwË‡Z evRvi KZ cÖKvi?
 wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 63 I 64 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
9| Òwe‡µZv bq, †µZv evRvi‡K wbqš¿Y K‡iÓ Ggb evRvi‡K Kx
ai‡bi evRvi e‡j?
K) GK‡PwUqv evRvi L) g‡bvcmwb evRvi
M) Wz‡qvcmwb evRvi N) Wz‡qvcwj evRvi
10|‡Kvb evRvi‡K `vg MÖnxZv ejv nq?
K) Wy‡qvcwj evRvi L) GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
63. DÏxc‡K Pvwn`v †iLv †KvbwU? M) GK‡PwUqv evRvi N) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
K. AR L. AC M. MR N. MC 11| c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mZ¨?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! K) P  AR  MC L) P  AR  MC
 GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡i Abycw¯Z-‡hvMvb †iLv|
 DcKi‡Yi Aeva wePiY nq-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i| M) P  AR  MC N) P  AR  MR
 `xN©Kvj ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z nq-c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq| 12| mewRi Pvwn`v e„w× †c‡jI GKRb mewR we‡µZv nVvr mieivn
evov‡Z cv‡i bv| G‡ÿ‡Î mewRi evRvi †Kvb ai‡Yi evRv‡ii
 c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq w¯i _v‡K-`vg (P)
D`vniY?
64. wP‡Îi E we›`y‡Z wb‡`©wkZ n‡q‡Q-
K) ¯^íKvjxb L) AwZ ¯^íKvjxb M) `xN©Kvjxb N) AwZ `xN©Kvjxb
i. `vg = Mo e¨q ii. `vg = cÖvwšÍK Avq
13|‡h evRv‡i GKRb gvÎ †µZv wKš‧ we‡µZv AmsL¨v, Zv‡K Kxiƒc
iii. cÖvwšÍK Avq = cÖvwšÍK e¨q
evRvi e‡j?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) GK‡PwUqv evRvi L) g‡bvcmwb M) Wz‡qvcmwb N) Wz‡qvcwj
K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii 14|Ôgywó‡gq we‡µZvi evRviÕ wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K ejv nq?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
134
K) Wz‡qvcwj L) Awj‡Mvcwj M) g‡bvcmwb N) Wz‡qvcmwb L) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
15| ÿwZ ¯^xKvi K‡iI dvg© Drcv`b Ki‡e hLbÑ M) evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx
K) AC  P  AVC L) AC  P  AVC N) evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx
M) AC  P  AVC N) AC  P  AVC 32| c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AR  MR nq, KviYÑ
16| `y‡ai evRvi †Kvb ai‡bi? K) AmsL¨ †µZv L) AmsL¨ we‡µZv
K) AwZ ¯^íKvjxb L)¯^íKvjxb M) `xN©Kvjxb N) AwZ `xN©Kvjxb M) `vg w¯i N) `ªe¨ mgRvZxq
17|c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRv‡i dv‡g©i `vg †iLvÑ 33|mg‡qi wfwË‡Z evRvi n‡jvÑ
K) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx L) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx K) 2 cÖKvi L) 3 cÖKvi M) 4 cÖKvi N) 5 cÖKvi
M) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj 34| ‡Kvb evRv‡ii AR ‡iLv wb¤œiƒc:
18|Ò‡h evRv‡i we‡µZv `yB‡qi AwaK wKš‧ Lye †ewk bq|Ó Giƒc
evRv‡ii Kx e‡j?
K) Wz‡qvcwj L) g‡bvcwj M) Wz‡qvcmwb N) Awj‡Mvcwj
19| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡ii †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mZ¨?
K) P  AR  MR L) P  AR  MR K) GK‡PwUqv evRvi L) Wz‡qvcwj evRvi
M) P  AR  MR N) P  AR  MR M) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi N) g‡bvcmwb evRvi
20| ‡Kvb evRv‡ii †ÿ‡Î mvaviYZ P  MC nq? 35|Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i gybvdv m‡ev©”PKi‡Yi kZ© †KvbwU?
K) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi K) TR  TC L) MR  MC
L) GK‡PwUqv evRvi M) MR  AC N) MC  AR
M) wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRvi 36| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i AR ‡iLvi Ae¯vb n‡e MR ‡iLviÑ
N) GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi K) wb‡P L) eivei M) Dc‡i N) mgvšÍivj
21| evRvi A_©bxwZ wbqš¿Y K‡iÑ 37| MÖv‡gi GKRb kvKmewR we‡µZv PvB‡jB cvjs kv‡Ki mieivn
K) Drcv`bKvix L) †µZv M) miKvi N) `vgeë¯v evov‡Z cv‡ib bv| G‡ÿ‡Î cvjs kv‡Ki evRvi †Kvb ai‡bi
22|wPÎvbymv‡i dvg©wUi gybvdvi cwigvY n‡jvÑ evRv‡ii D`vniY?
K) ¯^íKvjxb L) AwZ ¯^íKvjxb M) `xN©KvjxbN) AwZ `xN©Kvjxb
38| `ª‡eï cwiewZ©Z Pvwn`vi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi mvgvb¨Zg mgš^q mvab
m¤¢e wb‡Pi †Kvb ai‡bi evRv‡i?
K) AwZ ¯^íKvjxb L) ¯^íKvjxb M) `xN©Kvjxb N)AwZ `xN©Kvjxb
39| evRvi fvimv‡gï †ÿ‡Î chv©ß kZ©wU n‡”QÑ
K) 1 UvKv L) 2 UvKv M) 3 UvKv N) 4 UvKv K) MR   MC L) MC  MR 
23| ‡Kvb evRv‡i †Kv‡bv cwieZ©K `ªe¨ _v‡K bv? M) MC  MR  N) MR   MR 
K) GK‡PwUqv L) Wz‡qvcwj M) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv N) Awj‡Mvcwj
40| ‡Kvb evRv‡i mvaviYZ P  MC nq?
24| ‡h evRv‡i GKRi †µZv Ges GKRi we‡µZv we`¨gvb †mB
K) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
evRvi‡K Kx e‡j?
L) GK‡PwUqv evRvi
K) Wz‡qvcwj L) Awj‡Mvcwj
M) GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
M) g‡bvcwj N) wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRvi
N) wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRvi
25| ‡Kvb evRv‡i GKRb gvÎ †µZv _v‡K?
41|‡KvbwU evRv‡ii Acwinvh© ‣ewkó¨ bq?
K) g‡bvcwj L) Wz‡qvcwj M) g‡bvcmwb N) Awj‡Mvcwj
K) GK ev GKvwaK `ªe¨ L) µq- weµq
26|AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRv‡ii •ewkó¨Ñ
M) wbw`©ó ¯vb N) wbw`©ó `vg
K) `vg †h nv‡i ev‡o †hvMvb Zvi †P‡q †ewk nv‡i ev‡o
42| evRvi A_©bxwZ wbqwš¿Z nqÑ
L) RbmsL¨v e„w× Øviv G evRvi wbqwš¿Z nq
K) `vg L) Drcv`bKvix M) mÂq N) wewbgq
M) †hvMvb m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK nq
N) bZzb cÖhyw³i cÖeZ©b m¤¢e nq 43| ' Competitio n among few ' gv‡K©U ejv nq †KvbwU‡K?
27| ‡Kvb evRv‡i wkí GKK eë¯vcbvq cwiPvwjZ nq? K) Wz‡qvcwj L) Awj‡Mvcwj M) g‡bvcmwb N) Wz‡qvcmwb
K) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv L) g‡bvcwj M) Awj‡Mvcwj N) g‡bvcmwb 44| A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi ej‡Z †evSvqÑ
28| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡iÑ K) †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ¯vb‡K
K) Drcv`b AwaK nq wKš‧ m¤ú` eënv‡i `ÿZv AwR©Z nq bv L) †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cY¨‡K
L) `xN©Kv‡j ïay ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z nq wKš‧ †hvMvb †iLv †bB M) †µZv- we‡µZvi ì KlvKwl‡Z
M) dvg© A_©‣bwZKfv‡e `ÿ wKš‧ `vg AwaK nq N) wbw`©ó `v‡g †Kv‡bv c‡Yï µq- weµq Kvh©µg‡K
N) mvgvwRK Kj¨vY m‡e©v”P nq bv wKš‧ `vg AwaK nq 45| we‡µZvi Aeva cÖ‡ek cÖ¯v‡bi my‡hvM _v‡K bv †Kvb ai‡bi evRv‡i?
29|‡Kvb evRv‡ii Pvwn`v †iLv f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj? K) c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK L) GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK
K) GK‡PwUqv L) Awj‡Mvcwj M) GK‡PwUqv N) Awj‡Mvcwj
M) GK‡PwUqvg~jK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv N) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv 46| AwZ ¯^íKv‡j evRv‡i `vg we‡kl K‡i wK‡mi Ici wbf©i K‡i?
30| Ki Av‡ivc, fZz©wK cÖ`vb, †ikwbs- G ai‡bi miKvwi cÖfve †bB K) †hvMvb L) Drcv`b M) DcKiY N) Pvwn`v
†Kvb evRv‡i? 47| ‡Kvb evRv‡i †Kv‡bv cwieZ©K `ªe¨ _v‡K bv?
K) GK‡PwUqv L) Awj‡Mvcwj M) g‡bvcmwb N) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv K) GK‡PwUqv L) Wz‡qvcwj
31|c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i `vg P  ‡iLv Kxiƒc n‡e?
M) GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZv N) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
K) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj kÖg wb‡qvM ( L) ‡gvU Drcv`b cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b

135
(TP ) MP  K) Awj‡Mvcwj L) Awj‡Mvcmwb M) g‡bvcwj N) g‡bvcmwb
1 20 20 68| g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i we‡µZvi msL¨v-
K) GKRb L) AmsL¨ M) 2 Rb N) 3 Rb
2 25 5
69|g‡bvcmwb evRv‡ii •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
3 ? 4
K) evRv‡i †µZvi msL¨v GKRb
48| DÏxc‡Ki Lvwj N‡i †gvU Drcv`b KZ n‡e?
L) evRv‡i †µZvi msL¨v AmsL¨
K) 45 L) 20 M) 25 N) 29
M) evRv‡i we‡µZvi msL¨v GKRb
49|GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i cÖe³v wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvi Kiv nq
N) `vg Av‡MB wba©vwiZ Zv‡K
wb‡Pi †Kvb A_©bxwZwe`‡K?
70| P  AR  MR nq-
K) †Rvqvb iwebmb L) B.GBm.‡P¯^viwjb
M) jvibvi N) B. g¨vjwdì i) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i
50| ev¯Íe RM‡Zi AwaKvsk evRviB †Kvb ai‡bi? ii) Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i
K) c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK L) g‡bvcwj iii) `vg¯i w¯i _vK‡j
M) GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK N) g‡bvmcwb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
51|‡Kvb evRv‡i GKwU wbw`©ó `vg eRvq _v‡K? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) GK‡PwUqv evRvi L) g‡bvcmwb evRvi 71|GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i AR I MR †iLvi †ÿ‡Î-
M) Wz‡qvcwj evRvi N) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi i) Wv‡b wb¤œMvgx ii) AR>MR iii) AR  MR
52| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i `vg wbav©wiZ nqÑ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) P  AR L) P  AR M) MR  AR N) P  AC K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
53|Wz‡qvcwj evRv‡ii we‡µZv KZRb _v‡K? 72| cvU, †mvbv I •Zix ‡cvkv‡Ki evRvi-
K) 1 Rb L) 2 Rb M) 3 Rb N) AmsL¨v i) ¯vbxq evRvi ii) AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi iii) RvZxq evRvi
54| g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i KZRb †µZv _v‡K? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) 1 Rb L) 2 Rb M) 3 Rb N) 4 Rb K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
55| GKRb †µZv Ges GKRb we‡µZvi evRvi‡K Kx e‡j? 73| evRvi ej‡Z †evSvq-
K) g‡bvcwj L) g‡bvcmwb i) GKwU wbw`©ó ¯vb
M) Awj‡Mvcwj N) wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRvi ii) GKwU cY¨‡K †K›`ª K‡i †jb‡`b cÖwµqv
56| c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i dv‡g©i cY¨ weµq e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ iii) wba©vwiZ `v‡g `ªe¨ µq-weµq
†gvU Avq- wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) wbw`©ó nv‡i ev‡o L) µgea©gvb nv‡i K‡g K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) µgea©gvb nv‡i ev‡o N) µgn«vmgvb nv‡i ev‡o 75| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i-
57| wb‡Pi †KvbwU ¯vbxq evRv‡ii cY¨? i) AR I MR Dfq †iLv Wv‡b wb¤œMvgx
K) Pvj L) †Zj M) `ya N) jeY ii) AR ‡iLv dv‡g©i Pvwn`v wb‡`©k K‡i
58| evRvi kãwU we‡kl A‡_© eëüZ nq †Kvb kv‡¯¿?
iii) AR †iLv MR †iLvi wb‡P Ae¯vb K‡i
K) mgvRweÁvb L) hyw³we`¨vq M) A_©bxwZ‡Z N) `k©‡b
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
59| ‡Kvb evR‡i `vg w¯i _v‡K?
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) GK‡PwUqv L) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK M) ¯vbxq N) Wy‡qvcwj
76| c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i GKwU dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z-
60| ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó `ªe¨mvgMÖxi Rb¨ †µZv I we‡µZvi g‡a¨ ì
KlvKwli gva¨‡g GKwU wbw`©ó g~j¨ w¯i nIqv‡K e‡j- i) MR  MC ii) AR  MR
K) kÖg L) g~jab M) evRvi N) msMVb iii) MC ‡iLvi Xvj > MR †iLvi Xvj
61| evRvi KvVv‡gv Øviv Kx Kx m¤ú‡K© aviYv cvIqv hvqwb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) we‡µZvi msL¨v L) Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï cÖK…wZ K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) †µZvi msL¨v N) we‡µZvi msL¨v I Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï cÖK…wZ 77| c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i †KvbwU fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z-
62|‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï †µZv I we‡µZvi g‡a¨ cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿ i) MR  MC ii) AR  MR iii) P  MC
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g GKwU mywbw`©ó `v‡g-µq weµq‡K e‡jÑ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) Drcv`b L) Dc‡hvM M) g~jab N) evRvi K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
63| hw` GKwU we‡kl GjvKvq GKwU `ªe¨ µq-weµq nq Zv‡K e‡j? 79| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i-
K) ¯vbxq evRvi L) AvÂwjK evRvi i) `xN©Kv‡j dvg© AwZwi³ gybvdv AR©b K‡i
M) RvZxq evRvi N) AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi ii) dvg© `vg wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i
64| ‡h evRv‡ii w¯wZkxjZv K‡qK N›Uv ev K‡qK w`b Zv‡K e‡j- iii) ¯^íKv‡j ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b K‡i
K) ¯^íKvjxb evRvi L) AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) `xN©Kvjxb evRvi N) AwZ `xN©Kvjxb evRvi K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
65| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z evRvi‡K Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq? 80| wg. kvgxg †h evRvi n‡Z we`y¨r wKb‡Z nq Zvi ‣ewkó¨ n‡jv-
K) 2 fv‡M L) 3 fv‡M M) 4 fv‡M N) 5 fv‡M i) cwieZ©K `ªe¨ †bB ii) bZzb dv‡g©i cÖ‡ek eÜ
66|Ô‡h evRv‡i cÖwZwU Drcv`bKvix dv‡g©i Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï Pvwn`v iii) Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq mgvb
cwic~Y© w¯wZ¯vcK Zv‡K c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi e‡jÕ|-‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
e‡j‡Qb? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) †gqvm© L) iweÝ M) †KBÝ N) gvk©vj 81|c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i-
67| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡ii wecixZ †KvbwU??
136
i) P  AR ii) P  MR iii) P  AR  MR
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
82| ¯vbxq evRvi n‡jv-
i) gv‡Qi evRvi ii) `y‡ai evRvi iii) evsjv‡`‡ki cvU
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 93| DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î ÿwZi cwigvY KZ?
83| AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi n‡jv- K) 50 L) 100 M) 200 N) 300
i) †cvovevwoi PgPg ii) evsjv‡`‡ki cvU iii) ga¨cÖv‡Pï †Zj 93| AC †iLv, AB †iLvi E we›`y‡Z ¯úk©K n‡j dvg© †h Ae¯vi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? m¤§yLxb nq-
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) A¯^vfvweK gybvdv L) ¯^vfvweK gybvdv
84| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡ii •ewkó¨ n‡jv- M) Drcv`b e‡Üi wm×všÍ wb‡e N) †jvKmvb
i) GKU gvÎ `ªe¨ ii) GKRb we‡µZv iii) GKRb †µZv wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 94 I 95 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? weµq (Q) cwigvY ‡gvU Avq (TR)
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 1 10
85|GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii •ewkó¨ n‡jv- 2 20
i) eûmsL¨K we‡µZv ii) Nwbô cwieZ©K `ªe¨ Av‡Q 3 30
iii) Pvwn`v †iLv Aw¯wZ¯vcK 94| DÏxcKwU ‡Kvb evRv‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z??
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) GK‡PwUqv L) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv M) Awj‡Mvcwj N) g‡bvcmwb
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 95| DÏxcK Abyhvqx-
86| Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡ii •ewkó¨ ‡KvbwU? i) `vg w¯i ii) TR  MR iii) AR  P
i) eûmsL¨K we‡µZv ii) cÖPv‡ii ¸iæZ¡ Av‡Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii) `jxq ¯^v_© we‡ePbvq Av‡Q K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 96 I 97 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
87| g‡bvcmwb evRv‡ii •ewkó¨-
i) †µZvi msL¨v GKRb ii) we‡µZvi msL¨v A‡bK
iii) †µZv `vg wba©viY K‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
88| GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡i wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i-
i) `ª‡eï `vg ii) `ª‡eï †hvMvb iii) `ª‡eï Pvwn`v 96|DÏxc‡Ki MR ‡iLvwU †Kvb evRv‡ii?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv L) g‡bvcwj
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) iii M) i I iii M) Wz‡qvcwj N) Awj‡Mvcwj
89| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i ÿwZ ¯^xKvi K‡i Drcv`b Ki‡Z nq- 97| fvimvg¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb †iLvwU cÖ‡qvRb?
i) P  AC ii) P  AC iii) AC  P  AVC i) AC ii) MC iii) MR
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i L) iii M) ii N) i I ii K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 90 I 91 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: DÏxcKwU co Ges 98 I 99 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
R¡vjvwb M¨v‡mi wej gv‡m 300 UvKv †e‡o ‡M‡Q| evRv‡i Ab¨
†Kv‡bv M¨vm mieivnKvix cÖwZôvb bv _vKvq Rbve gykwdK †ewk
`v‡g M¨vm wKb‡Z eva¨ n‡”Qb|
98| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ M¨v‡mi evRvi-
K) GK‡PwUqv L) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv M) Awj‡Mvcwj N) Wz‡qvcwj
99|D³ evRv‡i dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z-
i) MR  AR
90| DÏxcK Abyhvqx †gvU e¨q KZ? ii) MR  AR
K) 120 L) 80 M) 72 N) 40 iii) MC Gi Xvj  MR Gi Xvj
91| DÏxcK Abyhvqx dvg©wU †Kvb Ae¯vq Drcv`b Ki‡Q? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i) †jvKmvb Ae¯vq ii) ¯^íKv‡j iii) me©wb¤œ Mo e¨‡q K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? DÏxcKwU c‡o 100 I 101 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi wPÎ n‡Z 92 I 93 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

137
108| wP‡Î MR †iLvwU †Kvb evRv‡ii??
100|DÏxc‡K Pvwn`v‡iLv †KvbwU? K) c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZv L) GK‡PwUqv
K) AR L) AC M) MR N) MC M) g‡bvcmwb N) Awj‡Mvcwj
101| wP‡Îi E we›`y‡Z wb‡`©wkZ n‡q‡Q- 109|wP‡Î fvimvg¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb †iLvwUi cÖ‡qvRb?
i) `vg = Mo e¨q K) AC L) MC M) AVC N) TFC
ii) `vg= cÖvwšÍK Avq wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 110 I 111 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
iii) cÖvwšÍK Avq = cÖvwšÍK e¨q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
DÏxcKwU co Ges 102 I 103 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
A †`‡k wm‡g›U Drcv`bKvix GKgvÎ cÖwZôvb ÔX'| cÖwZôvbwUi
gvwmK †gvU e¨q n‡jv 2,00,000.00 UvKv| cÖwZôvbwU gvP© gv‡m
cÖwZ e¯‧ 450.00 UvKv `v‡g 500 e¯Ív wm‡g›U weµq K‡i|
102| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z, A †`‡ki wm‡g‡›Ui evRvi KvVv‡gv 110| wPÎwU †Kvb evRv‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?
wb¤œiƒc? K) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv L) GK‡PwUqv
K) g‡bvcwj L) g‡bvcmwb M) Wz‡qvcwj N) Awj‡Mvcwj M) Awj‡Mvcwj N) Wz‡qvcwj
103| gvP© gv‡m †Kv¤úvwbwUi gybvdvi cwigvY wQj- 111| D³ evRv‡i Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Av‡qi g‡a¨ m¤úK© n‡jv-
K) 2,25,000 UvKv L) 2,00,000 UvKv i) `vg Kg‡jI Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq mgvb _v‡K
M) 50,000 UvKv N) 25,000 UvKv ii) `vg Kg‡jI Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq w¯i _v‡K
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 104 I 105bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: iii) `vg Kg‡jI Mo Avq †h nv‡i K‡g cÖvwšÍK Avq Zvi wØ¸Y
bweb gvwS cÖwZw`b 30 wjUvi `ya evRv‡i wewµ K‡ib| Zvi MÖv‡g nv‡i K‡g
kwbevi †ek K‡qKwU weev‡ni Abyôvb _vKvq 80 UvKv `‡i cÖwZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wjUvi `ya wewµ K‡ib| wZwb cÖwZw`b mgcwigvY `ya evRv‡i wewµi K) i L) ii M) iii N) i I ii
Rb¨ wb‡q Av‡mb|
wPÎwU †jLv 112 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
104|`y‡ai evRvi †Kvb ai‡bi?
K) AwZ ¯^íKvjxb L) ¯^íKvjxb
M) `xN©Kvjxb N) AwZ `xN©Kvjxb
105| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ `y‡ai †hvMvb †iLv-
i) evg w`K †_‡K Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx
ii) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj 112| DÏxc‡K dv‡g©i gybvdvi cwigvY KZ?
iii) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj K) 50 L) 650 M) 300 N) 750
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi wPÎwU ‡`‡L 113 I 114 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co 106 I 107 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

113| DÏxc‡K TFC Gi cwigvY KZ?

K) 20 L) 40 M) 60 N) 80
106|wPÎvbyhvqx †gvU Avq KZ? 114| DÏxc‡K AC Gi gvb KZ n‡j gybvdv k~b¨ n‡e?
K) 10 L) 20 M) 30 N) 40 K) 8 L) 10 M) 12 N) 20
107|wP‡Î E we›`y‡Z- wPÎwU jÿ K‡i 115 I 116 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
i) `vg = Mo Avq ii) `vg=Mo e¨q
iii) Mo Avq = Mo e¨q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 108 I 109 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

138
115|DÏxcK Abyhvqx †gvU Avq KZ? 126| GKwU `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi hZ me cÖwZôvb wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K Zv‡ì
K) 2 UvKv L) 4 UvKv M) 6 UvKv N) 8 UvKv mgwó wg‡j nq GKwUÑ
116|wP‡Î E we›`y‡Z wb‡`©wkZ n‡q‡Q- K) wkí L) dv©g M) evRvi N) KviLvbv
i) `vg = Mo e¨q 127|wk‡íi Pvwn`v †iLv c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡iÑ
ii) `vg = Mo Avq K) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx L) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
iii) cÖvwšÍK Avq = cÖvwšÍK e¨q M) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 128| c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i wb‡¤œv³ †Kvb kZ©wU †bB?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) eûmsL¨K we‡µZv L) ¯^ímsL¨K †µZv
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 117 I 118 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: M) hvZvqvZ e¨q †bB N) `ª‡eï mgRvZxq
wg. kvgxg x cÖwZôv‡bi weµq †K‡›`ª we`y¨‡Zi KvW© wKb‡Z 129| ‡Kv‡bv Drcv`K cÖwZôv‡bi g~j jÿ¨ n‡jvÑ
†M‡jb| MZ gv‡mi `v‡gi †P‡q 100 UvKv †ewk `v‡g KvW© wKb‡Z K) RbKj¨vY L) mgvR‡mev
n‡jv| †Kv‡bv weKí bv _vKvq x Gi wba©vwiZ `v‡gB kvgxg‡K M) Kg gybvdv N) mev©waK mgRvZxqZv
we`y¨‡Zi KvW© wKb‡Z n‡jv| we‡µZv Gfv‡e ‡ewk `vg †bIqvq 130| GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡i †Kvb A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z n‡Z cv‡i?
kvgx‡gi gb Lvivc| K) P  AC L) P  AC
117| wg. kvgx‡gi µqK„Z cY¨ †Kvb ai‡bi evRv‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? M) P  AC N) P  AC  0
K) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK L) GK‡PwUqv evRvi 131| GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡i †Kvb ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z n‡Z cv‡i?
M) GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK N) Awj‡Mvcwj K) P  AC L) P  AC M) P  AC N) P  AC  0
118| `ª‡eï `vg e„w× †c‡jI Pvwn`v AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e, hw`Ñ 132|G‡ÿ‡Î KLb ÿwZ ¯^xKvi K‡i Drcv`b Ki‡Z nq?
i) weKí `ª‡eï `vg K‡g K) P  AC L) P  AC
ii) `ªe¨wU AZ¨vek¨Kxq nq M) P  AC N) AC  P  AVC
iii) fwel¨‡Z `ªe¨wUi `vg e„w×i m¤¢vebv _v‡K 133| dv‡g©i gybvdv m‡ev©”PKi‡Yi kZ© n‡jvÑ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i) MR  MC
K) i L) ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii ii) MC ‡iLvi Xvj  MR †iLvi Xvj
** wb‡Pi wPÎwU †`L Ges 119 I 120bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: iii) MR  AR
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
** wb‡Pi wPÎæ †_‡K 134 I 135bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

119| ' A ' wP‡Îi `vg †K wbqš¿Y K‡i?

K) †µZv L) we‡µZv M) miKvi N) †µZv I we‡µZv
120| ' A ' wPÎwUi evRviÑ
134|wPÎ Abyhvqx fvimvg¨ Ae¯vq dvg©wUi †gvU gybvdv KZ?
i) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK
K) 30 L) 100 M) 130 N) 160
ii) GK‡PwUqvg~jK
135| wPÎ Abyhvqx †Kvb evK¨wU mZ¨?
iii) GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK
K) dvg©wUi †gvU Avq‡iLv mij‣iwLK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
L) dvg©wU A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b Ki‡Q
K) i L) ii M) i I iii N) ii I iii M) GB evRv‡i `vg w¯i _v‡K
dv©g I wk‡íi aviYv N) P=AC
121| ‡Kvb evRv‡i dv©g Ô`vg m„wóKvixÕ?
wb‡Pi DÏxcK n‡Z 136 I 137 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) g‡bvcwj L) Wz‡qvcwj M) Awj‡Mvcwj N) g‡bvcmwb
122|‡Kvb ai‡bi evRv‡i dvg© I wkí GKB e‡j we‡ewPZ?
K) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv L) GK‡PwUqv M) Awj‡Mvcwj N) Wz‡qvcwj
123|dv©‡gi •ewkó¨ Kx?
K) memgq ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b K‡i
L) ¯^íKv‡j A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i
M) meai‡bi evRv‡iB `vg‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i
N) dv©‡gi fvimvg¨ wk‡íi fvimv‡g¨i Ici wbf©i K‡i
124| mgRvZxq `ªe¨ Drcv`bKvix mKj cÖwZôvb‡K GK‡Î e‡j-
136| DÏxc‡K dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ `vg KZ GKK?
K) dv©g L) wkí
K) 0 L) 10 M) 20 N) 40
M) Askx`vwi Kvievi N) †h․_ g~jabx Kvievi
137| ‡jvKmv‡bi cwigvY KZ?
125| ‡h cÖwZôvb GKwU we‡kl `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ GKRb ev
K) 240 L) 200 M) 40 N) 20
GKvwaK msMVbKvix KZ…©K cÖwZwôZ I cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K e‡jÑ
K) wkí L) dv©g M) evRvi N) me¸‡jv

139
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 138 I 139 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 14. ‡h evRv‡i we‡µZvi msL¨v Kg Zv‡K e‡j- Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK
iv‡mj‡ì evmvq M¨v‡mi ms‡hvM Avb‡e| G wel‡q wZZvm M¨vm evRvi|
KZ©„c‡ÿi mv‡_ KZ ej‡j KZ©„cÿ Rvbvq, cÖwZ `vg 600 UvKv 15. ‡h evRv‡i GKRb gvÎ we‡µZv _v‡K Zv‡K e‡j- GK‡PwUqv evRvi|
w`‡Z n‡e| KZ©„cÿ AviI Rvbvq, 2 gvm Av‡M 500 UvKv wQj 16. ‡Kv‡bv evRv‡i eûmsL¨K we‡µZv hLb GKB RvZxq wKš‧ c„_KxK…Z
m¤úªwZ 600 Kiv n‡q‡Q| `ªe¨ weµq K‡i ZLb Zv‡K e‡j- GK‡PwUqvg~jK cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi
138|iv‡mj‡ì evmvq M¨vm ms‡hv‡Mi evRviwU †Kvb cÖK…wZi? evRvi|
K) GK‡PwUqv L) GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZv 17. gywó‡gq msL¨K Drcv`K cÖwZôvb hLb GKwU `ªe¨ Drcv`b I
M) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv N) Wz‡qvcvwj mieivn K‡i ZLb Zv‡K e‡j- Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi|
139|iv‡mj †h evRvi †_‡K M¨vm Avb‡Z Pvq Zvi •ewkó¨ n‡jv- 18. ‡Kv‡bv c‡Yï †hvMvb `yRb gvÎ we‡µZv wbqš¿Y Ki‡j Zv‡K wK
i) GKK we‡µZv ii) bZzb dv‡g©i cÖ‡ek eÜ iii) mgRvZxq cY¨ ai‡bi evRvi e‡j- Wz‡qvcwj evRvi|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 19. AwaK we‡µZv I GKRb †µZv _vK‡j Zv wK ai‡bi evRvi e‡j -
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii g‡bvcmwb evRvi|
DËicÎ 1.M 20. ‡Kv‡bv evRvi GKRb gvÎ we‡µZv I GKRb gvÎ †µZv _vK‡j
2.K 3.K 4.N 5.K 6.M 7.L Zv‡K e‡j- wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv|
8.K 9.L 10.N 11.N 12.L 13.L 21. kÖwg‡Ki gRywi, Rwgi LvRbv, g~ja‡bi my` eve` ‡h A_© e¨q K‡i
14.L 15.M 16.K 17.M 18.N 19.M Zv- †gvU e¨q|
20.K 21.N 22.K 23.K 24.N 25.M 22. ‡gvU e¨‡qi Ask- 2wU|
26.M 27.L 28.N 29.N 30.N 31.L 23. ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï cÖwZ GK‡Ki Drcv`b e¨q‡K e‡j- Mo e¨q|
32.M 33.M 34.M 35.L 36.M 37.L 24. Mo e¨q †iLvi AvK…wZ - U AvK…wZi|
38.L 39.L 40.L 41.M 42.K 43.L 25. Drcv`b e„w× †c‡j Mo w¯i e¨q- n«vm cvq|
44.N 45.M 46.N 47.K 48.N 49.L 26. ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï AwZwi³ GK GKK Drcv`b Ki‡Z †M‡j †h e¨q nq
50.M 51.N 52.K 53.L 54.K 55.N Zv‡K wK e‡j- cÖvwšÍK e¨q|
27. Mo e¨q hLb me©wb¤œ nq cÖvwšÍK e¨q ZLb- Mo e¨‡qi mgvb|
56.K 57.M 58.M 59.L 60.M 61.N
28. ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mgq †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cwigvY `ªe¨ wewµ K‡i we‡µZv
62.N 63.K 64.L 65.K 66.L 67.N
†h cwigvY A_© Avq K‡i Zv‡K e‡j- †gvU Avq|
68.L 69.K 70.L 71.K 72.M 73.M
29. ‡Kv‡bv Drcv`b cÖwZôv‡bi †gvU Avq‡K †gvU weµ‡qi cwigvY w`‡q
74.N 75.K 76.N 77.K 78.N 79.L
fvM Ki‡j cvIqv hvq- Mo Avq|
80.K 81.N 82.K 83.M 84.K 85.K 30. ‡Kv‡bv dv‡g©i Mo Avq wb‡`©kK †iLv‡K e‡j- Pvwn`v †iLv ev `vg †iLv|
86.M 87.N 88.K 89.L 90.K 91.K 31. weµ‡qi cwigvY GK GKK evo‡j †gvU Avq †h cwigvY ev‡o
92.L 93.L 94.L 95.L 96.K 97.L Zv‡K e‡j- cÖvwšÍK Avq|
98.K 99.L 100.K 101.N 102.K 103.N 32. cÖvwšÍK Av‡qi m~ÎwU- MR  f ( TR / Q ).
104.K 105.M 106.N 107.N 108.K 109.L
110.L 111.M 112.M 113.N 114.L 115.N weMZ mv‡j wek¦we`¨vj‡q Avmv wfwWI
116.N 117.L 118.M 119.L 120.N 121.K K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
122.L 123.L 124.L 125.L 126.K 127.L
128.L 129.N 130.K 131.M 132.N 133.K
134.K 135.L 136.L 137.M 138.K 139.K
Zzwg Avgvi (wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© cixÿv)
1. mvaviY A‡_© evRvi ej‡Z- cY¨ †Kbv- †ePvi wbw`©ó ¯vb‡K eySvq|
2. ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q wbw`©ó `v‡g †µZv I we‡µZvi g‡a¨ cY¨ µq-
weµq n‡j Zv‡K e‡j- evRvi|
3. mg‡qi wfwË‡Z evRvi KZ cÖKvi- Pvi cÖKvi|
4. AwZ¯^íKvjxb evRv‡ii cY¨ n‡jv- gvQ, `ya, kvK- mewR|
5. ‡Kvb ai‡bi evRv‡i Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi g‡a¨ mvgÄm¨ eRvq _v‡K- Abykxjbx cvV-3 (weMZ mv‡j Avmv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖkœ)
`xN©Kvjxb evRvi|
6. AvqZ‡bi w`K †_‡K evRvi- wZb cÖKvi | PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq
7. AvqZ‡bi wfwË‡Z evRvi¸‡jv n‡jv- ¯vbxq, RvZxq I AvšÍRv©wZK 1. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i dv‡g©i cY¨ weµq e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_
evRvi| †gvU Avq- [CU-D : 21-22]
8. ‡hme `ª‡eï evRvi wbw`©ó GjvKvi g‡a¨ mxgve× _v‡K Zv‡K e‡j- K. wbw`©ó nv‡i ev‡o L. µgea©gvb nv‡i K‡g
¯vbxq evRvi| M. µgea©gvb nv‡i ev‡o N. µgn«vmgvb nv‡i ev‡o
9. ‡KvbwU ¯vbxq evRv‡ii cY¨ - gvQ, wWg, kvK- mewR| DËi: K, mgvavb: c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i GKwU wbw`©ó c‡Yï
10. ‡hme `ª‡eï evRvi †`kRy‡o we¯Í…Z _v‡K Zv‡K e‡j- RvZxq evRvi| Awbw`©ó msL¨K †µZv I we‡µZv _v‡K, †hLv‡b we‡µZv ev dvg©
11. AvšÍRv©wZK evRv‡ii cY¨ - cvU, Pv, ¯^Y©, iƒcv| cY¨ weµq e„w×i gva¨‡g Avq K‡i _v‡K| weµq evo‡j Avq ev‡o
12. cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z evRvi Kq cÖKvi- `yB cÖKvi| weµq Kg‡j Avq K‡g| myZivs weµq I †gvU Av‡qi gv‡S m¤úK©
13. ‡h evRv‡i AwaK msL¨K †µZv I we‡µZv _v‡K Zv‡K e‡j- c~Y© mgvbycvwZK|
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi| 2. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Aax‡b GKwU dv‡g©i mieivn †iLv cÖKvwkZ nq-
Gi gva¨‡g| [CU-D : 21-22]

140
K. ATC L. MC M. AVC N. AFC 7. GK‡PwUqv Kvievwi Zvi evRvi ÿgZv eënvi K‡i Ggb GKwU `vg
DËi: L, mgvavb: c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Aax‡b GKwU dv‡g©i mieivn wba©viY K‡i hv- [CU-D : 20-21]
†iLv cÖKvwkZ nq MC Gi gva¨‡g| †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï Drcv`b K. cÖvwšÍK Li‡Pi †P‡q †ewk
AwZwi³ GK GKK e„w× Ki‡j †gvU e¨‡qi †h cwieZ©b nq G L. cÖvwšÍK Li‡Pi mgvb
`y‡qi AbycvZ‡K cÖvwšÍK e¨q ev Marginal Cost (MC) e‡j| M. cÖvwšÍK Av‡qi †P‡q †ewk
†gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q‡K †gvU Drcv`b w`‡q fvM Ki‡j Mo cwieZ©b N. GZ D”P †h †fv³viv enb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv
e¨q (AVC) cvIqv hvq| DËi: K, mgvavb: GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i †Kv‡bv cÖwZØw›ØZv bv _vKvq
3. GKRb we‡µZvi weµxZ `ªe¨wUi Pvwn`v-`vg Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK| `ªe¨wUi GK‡PwUqv Kvievi Ggb GKwU `vg wba©viY K‡i hv cÖvwšÍK Li‡Pi
`vg hw` K‡g Z‡e we‡µZvi †gvU Av‡qi Kx cwieZ©b n‡e? [CU-D †P‡q †ewk| A_©vr GLv‡b mKj mgq P> MC nq| GK‡PwUqv
: 21-22] evRv‡i we‡µZv GKB `ªe¨ wfbœ wfbœ `v‡g weµq K‡i GLv‡b `vg
K. †gvU Avq e„w× L. †gvU Avq n«vm cv‡e AwaK nq|
M. †gvU Avq GKB _vK‡e N. †gvU Av‡qi Kx cwieZ©b n‡e Zv ejv 8. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i `xN©Kvjxb djvdj Kx? [CU-D :
m¤¢e bq 20-21]
DËi: L, mgvavb: `vg cwieZ©‡bi d‡j hw` Pvwn`vi †Zgb †Kv‡bv K. A_©‣bwZK gybvdv L. A_©‣bwZK ÿwZ
cwieZ©b bv N‡U, Zv‡K Aw¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v e‡j| G‡ÿ‡Î `ª‡eï `vg M. ¯^vfvweK gybvdv N. Dc‡ii me¸‡jv
e„w× †c‡j ‡gvU n«vm cvq| ZvB `ªe¨wUi `vg K‡g †M‡j we‡µZvi DËi: M,
Drcv`b LiP K‡g hvq wKš‧ Pvwn`vi †Zgb †Kv‡bv e„w× N‡U bv| `vg 9. ‡KvbwU c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii •ewkó¨ bq? [CU-D : 20-21]
Kgvi d‡jI Pvwn`vi Av‡cwÿK cwieZ©b Kg A_©vr Pvwn`vi mvgvb¨ K. †µZv I we‡µZv Df‡qB `vg MÖnxZv
e„w×i Kvi‡Y we‡µZvi †gvU Avq c~‡e©i Zzjbvq n«vm cv‡e| L. `ªe¨wU mgRvZxq
4. ‡h evRv‡i GKRb †µZv wKš‘ AmsL¨ we‡µZv _‡K, Zv‡K †Kvb M. we‡µZviv ¯^vaxbfv‡e evRv‡i cÖ‡ek ev evRvi n‡Z cÖ¯vb Ki‡Z cv‡i
ai‡bi evRvi e‡j? [CU-D : 21-22] N. we‡µZvi weÁvcb e¨q K‡i
K. Awj‡Mvcwj L. g‡bvcmwb DËi: M, mgvavb: c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i wb¤œwjwLZ
M. g‡bvcwj N. Wz‡qvcwj •ewkó¨mg~n jÿ¨ Kiv hvq: mgRvZxq `ªe¨, eûmsL¨K †µZv
DËi: L, mgvavb:  Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi : †h evRv‡i we‡µZv wewµ‡Z, mgMÖ evRvi ev dv‡g©i wfwË‡Z `vg wba©viY, †µZv-
`yB‡qi AwaK wKš‧ Lye †ewk bq, Zv‡K Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi ev we‡µZvi mn‡R evRv‡i cÖ‡ek cÖ¯vb, Drcv`‡bi DcKi‡Yi c~Y©
Oligopoly Market e‡j| †hgb : †gvUi Mvwo, B¯úvZ| MwZkxjZv, evwn¨K cÖfve AKvh©Ki, GKwUgvÎ evRvig~j¨, †µZv-
g‡bvcmwb evRvi : hLb †Kv‡bv evRv‡i we‡µZv AmsL¨ wKš‧ we‡µZvi ¯^vaxb wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi ÿgZv, cY¨ ÿz`ª ÿz`ª GK‡K
†µZv gvÎ GKRb, Zv‡K g‡bvcmwb evRvi ev Monopsony wefvR¨|
Market e‡j| †hgb : wPwb Kj n‡jv GKgvÎ †µZv wKš‧ AmsL¨ 10. hLb Z `ª‡eï weKí `ª‡eï `vg e„w× cvq ZLb Z Gi evRv‡i Kx
AvL Pvlx n‡jv we‡µZv| N‡U? [CU-D : 20-21]
K. D×…Ë †`Lv †`q L. NvUwZ †`Lv †`q
 GK‡PwUqv evRvi : †h evRv‡i GKRb gvÎ Drcv`bKvix ev
M. g~jn«vm N‡U N. evRvi GKB _v‡K
we‡µZv _v‡K, Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï Nwbô †Kv‡b cwieZ©K _v‡K bv Ges
DËi: L, mgvavb: hw` `ywU `ª‡eï g‡a¨ GKwUi cwie‡Z© Ab¨wU
Aci †Kvb we‡µZvi evRv‡i cÖ‡e‡k evav _v‡K Zv‡K GK‡PwUqv
†fvM Kiv hvq Ggb cÖvq mgvb Dc‡hvM jvf Kiv hvq, Z‡e `ªe¨
evRvi ev Monopoly Market e‡j|
`ywUi GKwU‡K AciwUi weKí ev cwieZ©b `ªe¨ ejv nq| weKí
Note : ev¯Í‡e weï× GK‡PwUqv evRvi †Kv_vI †bB| `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î GKwUi `vg e„w× ‡c‡j Ab¨wUi Pvwn`v e„w× cvq|
 Wz‡qvcwj evRvi : †h evRv‡i we‡µZv gvÎ `yBRb wKš‧ †µZv cÖ‡kœ D‡jøwLZ Z `ª‡eï weKí `ª‡eï `vg e„w× cvq d‡j, Z `ª‡eï
AmsL¨ Zv‡K Wz‡qvcwj evRvi ev Duopoly Market e‡j| NvUwZ †`Lv w`‡e|
5. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i GKwU dv‡g©i f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj 11. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i- [CU-D : 20-21]
†iLv †KvbwU? [CU-D : 21-22] K. dvg© I evRvi Dfq Pvwn`v †iLvB DaŸ©Mvgx
K. Mo Avq (AR) L. †gvU Avq (TR) L. dvg© I evRvi Dfq Pvwn`v †iLvB Avbyf~wgK
M. Mo e¨q (AC) N. cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC) M. dvg© Gi Pvwn`v ‡iLv Avbyf~wgK wKš‧ evRvi Pvwn`v †iLv wb¤œMvgx
DËi: K, mgvavb: ‡h evRv‡i AmsL¨ †µZv I we‡µZv ¯^vaxbfv‡e N. dvg© I evRvi Dfq Pvwn`v ‡iLvB wb¤œMvgx
c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv cY¨ ev †mevi µq weµq m¤úbœ DËi: L, mgvavb: c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AmsL¨ †µZv I
K‡i, †h‡Kvb †µZv ev we‡µZv †KDB GKKfv‡e evRvi `vg‡K we‡µZv mgRvZxq I GKB ¸Ym¤úbœ cY¨ †ePv-‡Kbv K‡i| c~Y©
cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Zv‡K c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi ev cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï GKwU gvÎ `vg weivR K‡i
Perfectly Competitive Market e‡j| c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK Ges `ª‡eï Pvwn`v m¤ú~Y© w¯wZ¯vcK nq| GRb¨ c~Y©
evRv‡i GKwU dv‡g©i `vg, Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq f~wg A‡ÿi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i dv‡g©i Pvwn`v ‡iLv f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
mgvšÍivj nq| (horizontal) nq|
6. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i dv‡g©i †hvMvb †iLv m¤úwK©Z †Kvb 12. hLb cÖK…Z g~j¨ fvimvg¨ evRv‡i g~‡jï Dc‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i ZLb-
Dw³wU wVK? [CU-D : 20-21] [CU-D : 20-21]
K. AVC ‡iLvi Dc‡ii MC ‡iLvwUB dv‡g©i †hvMvb †iLv K. evRv‡i e¨_©Zv m„wó nq L. DØ„Ë m„wó nq
L. MC †iLvwUi dv‡g©i †hvMvb †iLv M. NvUwZ m„wó nq N. ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq
M. evRvi †hvMvb †iLvwUB dv‡g©i †hvMvb †iLv DËi: K, mgvavb: evRvi fvimvg¨ ej‡Z `ªe¨wUi Ggb GKwU `vg
DËi: K, mgvavb: c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i me©wb¤œ AVC Gi Ges Pvwn`v _v‡K bv| fvimvg¨ g~‡j¨ evRv‡i `ª‡eï `vg I Pvwn`v
Dc‡i Aew¯Z MC ‡iLv‡K dv‡g©i †hvMvb †iLv ejv nq| A_©vr G I †hvMv‡bi cwigv‡Y GKUv w¯wZe¯vi m„wó nq| Ab¨w`‡K hLb
evRv‡i MC ‡iLv †_‡KB dv‡g©i †hvMvb †iLv cvIqv hvq| `ª‡eï cÖK…Z g~j¨ fvimvg¨ evRvi g~‡jï Dc‡i Ae¯vb K‡i ZLb

141
evRvi e¨_©Zv fvimvg¨ evRvi g~‡jï Dc‡i Ae¯vb K‡i ZLb 20. GKwU c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i dv‡g©i Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ
evRvi e¨_©Zv m„wó nq| n‡”Q- [CU-D : 18-19]
13. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK dv‡g©i cÖvwšÍK Avq †iLv n‡e- [CU-D : 19- K. wb¤œMvgx Xvj wewkó L. `vg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
20] M. Drcv`b A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N. U-AvK…wZi
K. m¤ú~Y©fv‡e w¯wZ¯vcK L. DaŸ©Mvgx Xvjwewkó DËi: M, mgvavb:
M. m¤ú~Y©fv‡e Aw¯wZ¯vcK N. U -AvK…wZi
DËi: L, mgvavb: c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i dv‡g©i cÖvwšÍK Avq wPÎ D
A_©vr MC ‡iLvi Xvj abvZ¥K ev MC Aek¨B DaŸ©Mvgx n‡e| Q
14. GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡ii fvimvg¨ Ae¯’vq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨ bq?
[CU-D : 19-20] wP‡Î †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i dv‡g©i Pvwn`v
K. P=AR L. MR=MC Drcv`b A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj hv evRv‡ii fvimvg¨ `v‡gi mgvb|
M. P>MC N. 21. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i †gvU Avq †iLv- [CU-D : 17-18]
DËi: M, mgvavb: hLb `vg P>AC nq, ZLb dvg© A¯^vfvweK K. Dj¤^ L. mgvšÍivj
gybvdv AR©b K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î kZ© MR=MC Ges ch©vß kZ© MC M. g~jwe›`y †_‡K DaŸ©Mvgx mij †iLv N. wb¤œMvgx mij‡iLv
DËi: M, mgvavb:
‡iLvi Xvj MR=MC Ges ch©vß kZ© MC ‡iLvi Xvj MR
‡iLvi Xvj Gi †P‡q †ewk, G kZ© `ywU cvwjZ nq| P=AR n‡j Y TR
GK‡PwUqv Kvievwi ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b K‡i| AVC<P<AC
n‡j GK‡PwUqv Kvievwi ÿwZ ev †jvKmv‡b m¤§yLxb nq|
15. Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK dv‡g©i cÖvwšÍK Avq †iLv-[CU-D : 19-20] wPÎ : P=AR=HR
K. m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c w¯wZ¯vcK L. wb¤œMvgx Xvjwewkó
M. m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Aw¯wZ¯vcK N. U-AvK…wZi
DËi: L, mgvavb: Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i cÖvwšÍK Avq O X
weµq e„w×i mv‡_ n«vm cvq| A_©vr cÖvwšÍK Avq †iLvwU evg w`K weµ‡qi cwigvY e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ †gvU Avq wbw`©ó ev w¯i nv‡i
†_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx nq I Mo Avq †iLvi wb‡P Ae¯vb K‡i
P = AR
cÖvwšÍK Avq †iLv| e„w× cvq| GQvov Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK `v‡gi mgvb nq ,
= MR
16. GKwU dv‡g©i Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨? [CU-D : 19-20] hv c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZg~jK evRv‡ii •ewkó¨|
K. ¯^íKv‡j wKQz LiP w¯i
22. wb‡Pi †KvbwU GK‡PwUqvg~jK cÖwZ‡hvMx evRv‡ii D`vniY? [CU-
L. ¯^íKv‡j me LiP w¯i
D : 17-18]
M. ¯^íKv‡j me LiP cwieZ©bxq K. we`y¨r mieivn L. kvK-mewR
N. `xN©Kv‡j wKQz LiP w¯i I wKQz cwieZ©bxq L.cÖmvab mvgMÖx N. †gvevBj †dvb †mev
DËi: K, mgvavb: ¯^í‡gqv‡` dv‡g©i c‡ÿ w¯i DcKi‡Yi cwigvY
O. A Ges D
cwieZ©b Kiv m¤¢e bq| GRb¨ Gmg‡q dvg© Drcv`b bv Ki‡jI
DËi: K, mgvavb: ‡h evRv‡i GKRb gvÎ Drcv`bKvix ev we‡µZv
Zv‡K w¯i DcKi‡Yi LiP A_©vr, w¯i e¨q enb Ki‡Z nq|
_v‡K, Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï †Kv‡bv Nwbó cwieZ©K _v‡K bv Ges Aci
17. wb‡Pi †KvbwU c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii •ewkó¨?
we‡µZvi Rb¨ evRv‡i cÖ‡ek evav _v‡K Zv‡K GK‡PwUqvg~jK
K. cY¨ weµ‡qi R‡b¨ dvg© weÁvcb e¨q K‡i
evRvi e‡j|
L. bZzb dv‡g©i wk‡í cÖ‡e‡k evav i‡q‡Q
M. dv‡g©i c‡Y¨ `vg wba©vi‡Yi ÿgZv i‡q‡Q 23. GKwU g‡bvcwj dv‡g©i Pvwn`v ‡iLv- [CU-D3 : 16-17]
K. m¤ú~Y© w¯wZ¯vcK L. m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK
N. †µZv I we‡µZv Df‡q `vg MÖnYKvix
M. Wvb w`‡K wb¤œMvgx N. EaŸ©Mvgx
DËi: N, mgvavb: c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i †µZv we‡µZv
O. †Kv‡bvwUB bq
DfqB `vg MÖnYKvix| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z `vg wba©viY nq|
DËi: M, mgvavb: g‡bvcwj dvg© ev GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i †gvU Avq
18. evRvi A_©bxwZ‡Z- [CU-D : 18-19]
K. dvg© wVK K‡i Kv‡K wb‡qvM w`‡e Ges Kx Drcv`b Ki‡e (TR) eµ‣iwLK, f~wgA‡ÿi w`‡K AeZj AvK…wZ| Mo Avq
L. gybvdv I wbR¯^v_© dvg© I cwievie‡M©i wm×všÍ‡K cwiPvwjZ K‡i (AR) I cÖvwšÍK Avq (MR) ‡iLv evg w`K †_‡K Wvb w`‡K
M. cwievieM© wm×všÍ †bq †Kvb dv‡g© KvR Ki‡e Ges AwR©Z Avq wb¤œMvgx| wKš‧ AR>MR A_©vr AR ‡iLv MR ‡iLvi Dc‡i
w`‡q Kx wKb‡e Ae¯vb K‡i, GQvov P=AR nq|
N. A,B Ges C 24. evsjv‡`‡ki †gvevBj †dvb †mev evRvi- [CU-C2 : 16-17]
DËi: N, mgvavb: evRvi A_©bxwZ‡Z dv‡g©i cÖavb D‡Ïk¨B n‡”Q K. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK L. GK‡PwUqvg~jK M. Awj‡Mvcwj
gybvdv m‡e©v”P Kiv| N. GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK O. †Kv‡bvwUB bq
19. wb‡Pi †KvbwU c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii •ewkó¨ bq? [CU-D DËi: M, mgvavb: ‡h evRv‡i we‡µZv `yB‡qi AwaK wKš‧ Lye †ewk
: 18-19] bq Zv‡K Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi e‡j| eZ©gvb we‡k¦ †gvUiMvwo,
K. we‡µZv `ª‡eï `vg wba©viY Ki‡Z cv‡i B¯úvZ, A¨vjywgwbqvg, Ilya I ivmvqwbK wkí, •e`y¨wZK miÄvg,
L. mKj we‡µZvi cY¨ mgRvZxq Kw¤úDUvi cÖf…wZi `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î Giƒc evRvi cwijwÿZ nq|
M. AmsL¨ †µZv I we‡µZv we`¨gvb 25. ‡Kvb ai‡bi evRv‡i mgRvZxq `ªe¨ weµq nq bv? [CU-C2 :
N. weÁvcb LiP Abycw¯Z 16-17]
DËi: K, mgvavb: c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AmsL¨ †µZv I K. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK L. g‡bvcwj M. Awj‡Mvcwj
we‡µZv ¯^vaxbfv‡e c~Y©gvÎvq cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wjß _v‡K| w¯wZ¯vcKZv N.GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK O. B I C
n‡jv Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi g‡Z Kiv cwieZ©b
142
DËi: L, mgvavb: hLb †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï †hvMvb GKRb we‡µZv ev K. we‡`‡ki evRv‡i †`kxq `ªe¨ Drcv`b Li‡Pi †P‡q Kg `v‡g
GKwU gvÎ Drcv`K cÖwZôvb wbqš¿Y K‡i ZLb Zv‡K GK‡PwUqv weµq Kiv
evRvi ev g‡bvcwj e‡j| G evRvi c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii L. we‡`‡ki evRv‡i †`kxq `ªe¨ Drcv`b Li‡Pi †P‡q †ewk `v‡g
m¤ú~Y© wecixZ Ae¯v| weµq Kiv
26. GKwU Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡i we‡µZvi msL¨v- [CU-C2 : 16-17] M. Ki dvuwK w`‡q AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡i `ªe¨ weµq Kiv
K. GK L. `yB M. `yB ev ZZwaK N. 25 kZvs‡ki Kg g~j¨ ms‡hvRb K‡i we‡`‡ki evRv‡i `ªe¨ weµq Kiv
N. A‡bK O. `yB Gi AwaK ev KwZcq O. †Kv‡bvwU bq
DËi: O, mgvavb: ‡h evRv‡i we‡µZvi msL¨v `yB‡qi AwaK wKš‧ DËi: K, mgvavb: Wvw¤ús n‡jv ¯vbxqfv‡e Drcvw`Z c‡Yï evRvi
Lye †ewk bq Zv‡K Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi e‡j| `Lj Kivi †K․kj| †`kxq evRv‡ii †P‡q Kg g~‡jï we‡`wk cY¨
27. GKwU GK‡PwUqvg~jK cÖwZ‡hvMx dvg©- [CU-C2 : 16-17] mvgMÖx weµq Kiv‡K Wvw¤ús e‡j| Wvw¤ús cÖwZ‡iv‡a A¨vw›U Wvw¤ús
K. ¯^íKv‡j †Kej ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b K‡i _v‡K wWDwU PvR© Kiv nq|
L. `xN©Kv‡j A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b K‡i _v‡K 35. wb‡Pi †KvbwU GK‡PwUqv evRv‡ii •ewkó¨ bq? [CU-C2 : 15-16]
M. `xN©Kv‡j ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b K‡i _v‡K K. evRv‡i AmsL¨ †µZv _v‡K
N. me©`v A¯^vfvweK gybdv AR©b K‡i _v‡K L. evRv‡i GKRb we‡µZv _v‡K
O. C Ges D M. Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï weKí bvB
DËi: L, mgvavb: GK‡PwUqvg~jK Kviev‡iI ¯^vfvweK gybvdv N. we‡µZv `ª‡eï `vg I cwigvY GKB mv‡_ wba©viY Ki‡Z cv‡i
AwR©Z nq| wKš‧ `xN©Kv‡j GK‡PwUqv Kvievwi AwZwi³ gybvdvB O.we‡µZv `ª‡eï `vg wba©viY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
AR©b K‡i, GUvB GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡ii we‡lkZ¡| DËi: N, mgvavb: GK‡PwUqv evRv‡ii •ewkó¨ eûmsL¨K †µZv,
28. wb‡Pi †Kvb Ae¯’vq evRvi e¨_© nh? [CU-C2 : 16-17] †hvMvb, wbqš¿Y, weÁvcb cÖ`vb|
K. MY`ª‡eï Dcw¯wZ L. Drcv`‡b evwn¨KZv _vK‡j
Kzwgjøv wek¦we`¨vjq
M. †fv‡M evwn¨KZv _vK‡j N. GK‡PwUqv ÿgZvi Dcw¯wZ
O. Dc‡ii me¸‡jv mwVK 01| gvbem¤ú` Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wkÿv I cÖwkÿ‡Y miKvi †h e¨q K‡i
DËi: N, Zv‡K wK e‡j? [CoU: 2019-20]
29. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i GKwU dvg© †h Pvwn`v †iLvi m¤§yLxb K) g~jabx e¨q L) ivR¯^ e¨q
nq Zvi AvK…wZ n‡jv- [CU-C2 : 16-17] M) Dbœqbg~jK e¨q N) cÖvwZôvwbK e¨q
K. Dj¤^ L. Abyf~wgK M. evg †_‡K Wv‡b wb¤œMvgx DËi: K I M
e¨vL¨v: RbM‡Yi Av_©-mvgvwRK AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨
N. AvqZvKvi cive„Ë O. †MvjK…wZ miKvi wewfbœfv‡e A_© e¨q K‡i _v‡K| Giƒc miKvwi e¨q
DËi: L, mgvavb: c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i †h we›`y‡Z `ª‡eï cÖavbZ `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
Pvwn`v I †hvMvb ci¯úi mgvb nq †m we›`y‡Z `ª‡eï `vg wba©vwiZ nq| 1| ivR¯^ e¨q: iv‡óªi chv©q †_‡K ïiæ K‡i me©wb¤œ chv©q ch©šÍ
30. wb‡Pi †KvbwU evRv‡ii AvqZ‡bi wba©viK? [CU-C2 : 15-16] •`bw›`b KvR cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ †h e¨q nq Zv ivR¯^ e¨q| G
K. `ª‡eï `vg L. DcKi‡Yi `vg M. cÖhyw³ ai‡bi e¨q †c․btcywbK (evi evi e¨q Kiv) cÖK…wZi| †hgb:
N. `ª‡eï Pvwn`v O. C I D †`‡ki cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZv©-Kg©Pvixi †eZb fvZv, Rb wbivcËv,
DËi: O, mgvavb: cÖhyw³i Kj¨v‡Y evRv‡ii AvqZb nv‡Z gy‡Vvq ivóªxq m¤ú‡ì myiÿv, miKvwi F‡Yi my` cwi‡kva, ivR¯^
Ges `ª‡eï Pvwn`v evRv‡ii AvqZb wba©viY K‡i| Av`vqRwbZ e¨q BZ¨vw`|
31. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i GKwU dvg©- [CU-C2 : 15-16] 2| Dbœqb ev g~jabx e¨q: †`‡ki Av_© -mvgvwRK AeKvVv‡gv wbgv©Y
K. ¯^í †gqv‡` †KejgvÎ ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b K‡i evua I e›ì wbgv©Y: we`y¨r, M¨vm I R¡vjvwb m¤ú‡ì Dbœqb, wkÿv
L. `xN© †gqv‡` A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b K‡i I M‡elYv cÖf…wZ LvZ miKvi †h cwigvY e¨q K‡i Zv‡K Dbœqb ev
M. `xN© †gqv‡` ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b K‡i g~jabx e¨q e‡j|
N. ¯^í †gqv‡` A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b K‡i 02| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i gybvdv m‡ev©”P nq, hLb- [CoU: 2018-19]
O. C I D K) AR = MC nq L) MR = MC nq
DËi: M, mgvavb: c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i dvg© ¯^í‡gqv‡` M) AR = AC nq N) MR = AC nq
A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e `xN©Kv‡j fvimvg¨ DËi: L
Ae¯vq cÖ‡Z¨KwU Kvh© †Kej Ô¯^vfvweK gybvdv †fvM K‡i|Õ A_©vr e¨vL¨v: cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z evRvi 2 cÖKvi|
MC=MR=AC=AR 1| c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRvi 2| Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRvi
32. wb‡Pi †Kvb `ªe¨wU Awj‡Mvcwji D`vniY? [CU-C2 : 15-16] Avevi, Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z evRvi 4 cÖKvi|
K. we`y¨r L. AvBmwµg M. cÖmvabx 1| GK‡PwUqv evRvi 2| Wz‡qvcwj
N. †gvevBj †dvb mvwf©m O. A I D 3| Awj‡Mvcwj 4| GK‡PwUqvg~jK cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRvi
DËi: N, mgvavb: Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi n‡jv Ggb GK evRvi eë¯v GK‡PwUqv evRvi: GK‡PwUqv evRvi n‡”Q Ggb GKwU evRvi
‡hLv‡b Aí K‡qKRb Drcv`K _v‡K hviv cy‡iv evRvi eë¯v‡K KvVv‡gv †hLv‡b GKRb we‡µZv _v‡K, Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï †Kvb
wbqš¿Y K‡i| Nwbô cwieZ©b _v‡K bv Ges evRv‡i cÖ‡e‡k evav we`¨gvb|
33. evsjv‡`k D”P wkÿvi evRvi- [CU-C2 : 15-16] GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i gybvdv m‡ev©”P nq, hLb MR = MC nq|
K. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK L. GK‡PwUqvg~jK 03. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvMxZvg~jKevRv‡ii †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mZ¨? [CoU: 2017-18]
M. Awj‡Mvcwj N. GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK K) P=AR>MC L) P=AR<MC
O. †Kv‡bvwUB bq DËi: K M) P=AR=MR N) P=AR=MC
34. Wvw¤ús n‡jv- [CU-C2 : 15-16] DËi: M
e¨vL¨v: c~Y© cªwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii 2wU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© •ewkó¨ n‡jv

143
i) AmsL¨ †µZv I we‡µZv _v‡K Ges `ª‡e¨i cÖwZwU GKK  `v‡gi Ici wbqš¿Y|
mgRvZxq nq|  weÁvcb e¨q ‡bB|
ii) P=AR=MR nq  bZzb dv‡g©i Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡e‡ki c‡_ cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó
 GB evRv‡i †gvU Avq‡iLv eµ‣iwLK, f‚wg A‡ÿi w`‡K
AeZjvK…wZi| Mo Avq (AR) I cÖvwšÍK Avq (MR) †iLv
evgw`K †_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx| GB evRv‡i AR †iLv MR
†iLvi Dc‡i Ae¯vb K‡i| P=AR>MR A_ev, P=ARn‡e|

04| evRvi fvimvg¨ ej‡Z †evSvq, †h evRvi `v‡g- [CoU: 2016-

17]
K) NvUwZ _v‡K L) evowZ _v‡K
M) NvUwZ I evowZ wKQzB _v‡K bv N) mevB wKb‡Z cv‡i
DËi: M
e¨vL¨v: evRvi fvimvg¨: evRv‡i †µZv I we‡µZvi ì KlvKwli
gva¨‡g `ª‡eï Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi mgZv Øviv fvimvg¨ `vg I
cwigvY wba©vwiZ nIqv‡K evRvi fvimvg¨ e‡j| evRvi fvimv‡gï  A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z nq, P>AC.
kZ© n‡jv `ª‡eï Pvwn`v I †hvMvb mgvb n‡e|  ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z nq, P=AC.
fvimvg¨ `vg: †h `v‡g Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi cwigvY ci®úi mgvb
nq, Zv‡K fvimvg¨ `vg ejv nq| kvnRvjvj weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq
fvimvg¨ cwigvY: †h cwigvY `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v `vg I †hvMvb 01| ‡h evRv‡i GKR‡bi `vg-Drcv`b-bxwZ Abïv mZK©Zvi mv‡_ ch©‡eÿY
`vg mgvb nq Zv‡K fvimvg¨ cwigvY ejv nq| K‡i cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v K‡i †mwU‡K e‡j- [SUST:2017-18]
05| ‡h evRv‡i ïaygvÎ GKRb †µZv: wKš‘ A‡bK we‡µZv _v‡K Zv‡K K) GK‡PwUqv evRvi L) Wz‡qvcwj evRvi
ejv nq-[CoU: 2015-16] M) Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi N) GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
K) g‡bvcwj L) g‡bvmcwb M) Wz‡qvcwj N) Awj‡Mvcwj O) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv g~jK evRvi
DËi: L DËi: N
e¨vL¨v: ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz Z_¨- e¨vL¨v: GK‡PwUqvg~jK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv: hLb †Kvb evRv‡i GKB
 Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi: †h evRv‡i we‡µZv `yB‡qi AwaK wKš‧ Lye ‡ewk bq| RvZxq eû weµZv _v‡K wKš‧ c„_K `ªe¨ weµq K‡i ZLb Zv‡K
 g‡bvcwj evRvi: †h evRv‡i †µZv eû, wKš‧ we‡µZv GKRb| GK‡PwUqvg~jK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv e‡j| †hgb: Av‡gi evRvi hw`
 g‡bvcmwb evRvi: evRv‡i we‡µZv AmsL¨, wKš‧ †µZv gvÎ GKRb| GK‡PwUqvg~jK nq wKš‧ Av‡gi wewfbœ RvZ Gi hw` wewfbœ
eëmvqxi nv‡Z wbqwš¿Z nq †m‡ÿ‡Î Zv‡K GK‡PwUqv
 Wz‡qvcwj: evRv‡i we‡µZv `yBRb, wKš‧ †µZv AmsL¨|
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi e‡j|
06| Ôg~j¨ ms‡hvRb KiÕ wb‡¤œi †Kvb ai‡bi K‡ii GKwU D`vniY?
GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii •ewkó¨-
[CoU: 2015-16]
K) c‡ivÿ Ki L) cÖZ¨ÿ Ki M) f‚wg Ki N) †KvbwU bq *‡µZv-we‡µZv A‡bK wKš‘ AmsL¨ bq|
cY¨¸‡jv GKB ai‡bi n‡jI G‡Kev‡i Awfbœ bq|
DËi: K
bZzb cÖwZ‡hvMx cÖ‡e‡k evav †bB|
07| Laissez faireÕ ej‡Z †evSvq- [CoU: 2014-15] Ab¨vb¨ evRv‡ii Zzjbvq c‡Yï `vg †ewk|
K) Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î mivmwi wbqš¿Y evov‡Z n‡e
evRvi Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© †µZv I we‡µZv c~Y©fv‡e ÁvZ bq|
L) †fv³vi ¯^vaxbZv _vK‡e bv
M) †K›`ªxq cwiKíbv _vK‡e fvimvg¨ Ae¯’vq: MR = MC Ges MR < AR
N) evRvi wbqš¿‡Y miKvwi n¯Í‡ÿc _vK‡e bv weÁvcb Acwinvh©|
`ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLv wb¤œMvgx|
DËi: N
e¨vL¨v: Laissez-faireÕ A_©- 02| c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i GKwU eëmv cÖwZôv‡bi weµq e„w×i
mv‡_ mv‡_ †gvU weµqj× Avq (Total Revenue)-[SUST:
i) evRvi wbqš¿‡Y miKvwi n¯Í‡ÿc _vK‡e bv|
2015-16]
ii) gvbyl ev cQ›` K‡i Zv Ki‡Z †`qv| K) µgn«vmgvb nv‡i ev‡o L) w¯i ev mgnv‡i ev‡o
*Laissez-faire †K Free market Capitalism ejv nq| M) µgea©gvb nv‡i ev‡o N) µgn«vmgvb nv‡i K‡g
‡kL nvwmbv wek¦we`¨vjq O) Dc‡ii †KvbwUB mZ¨ bq
DËi: L
01| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i AR (Mo Avq) †iLvi Ae¯’vb MR (cªvwšÍK e¨vL¨v: c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i weµq e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ †gvU
Avq) †iLvi- [SHU: 2018-19] Avq mgvbycvwZK nv‡i ev w¯i nv‡i e„w× cvq|
K) wb‡P L) Dc‡i M) eivei N) mgvšÍivj
Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvMZvg~jK evRv‡i weµq e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ †gvU Avq
DËi: L µgn«vmgvb nv‡i e„w× cvq|
e¨vL¨v: GK‡PwUqv evRvi: †h evRv‡i GKRb gvÎ Drcv`bKvix ev
03| hw` Pvwn`v mgxKiY Q=200-40P Ges †hvMvb mgxKiY Q =
we‡µZv _v‡K, Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï †Kv‡bv Nwbó cwieZ©K _v‡K bv
20 + 50P nq, Zvn‡j fvimvg¨ `vg (P) Ges fvimvg¨ cwigvY
Ges Aci we‡µZvi Rb¨ evRv‡i cÖ‡e‡k evav _v‡K|
(Q) KZ? [SUST: 2015-16]
GK‡PwUqv evRv‡ii •ewkó¨mg~n nj: K) P=1, Q= 40 L) P=2,Q=80 M) P=2, Q=120
 GKRb we‡µZv, AmsL¨ †µZv|
N) P=4,Q=80 O) P=5, Q=100
 c‡Yï Pvwn`v Kg|
144
DËi: M M) RvZxq evRvi N) B+C
e¨vL¨v: c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i fvimvg¨ `v‡g Pvwn`v I DËi: N
†hvMvb mgvb nq| 08| c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi †µZvi msL¨v- [MBSTU: 2016-17]
Pvwn`v: Q = 200-40P Ges †hvMvb Q = 20+50P K) 1 Rb L) 2 Rb M) gywó‡gq N) eûmsL¨K
20+50P=200-40P DËi: N
180 09| c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi G ¯^íKvjxb fvimv‡gï kZ© KqwU?
ev, 50P+40P=200-2090P=180P= P  2 [MBSTU: 2016-17]
90 K) 2wU L) 3wU M) 4wU N) 5wU
 fvimvg¨ `vg, P=2 Gi fvimvg¨ cwigvY DËi: K
Q = 20+50P=20+50×2=20+100=120 e¨vL¨v c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi Gi ¯^íKvjxb kZ© 2wU|
fvimvg¨ `vg P = 2, Q = 120|
1. cÖv_wgK kZ©: MR = MC
04| ÔGKRb we‡µZv mvaviYZ Price taker GB wee„wZwU †Kvb
2. MC †iLv MR †iLv‡K wb‡Pi w`K †_‡K †Q` K‡i Dc‡i D‡V
cÖKvi evRv‡ii †ÿ‡Î cª‡hvR¨? [SUST: 2010-11]
K) g‡bvcwj L) Wz‡qvcwj hv‡e| Ges MC †iLvi cwieZ©‡bi nvi >MR †iLvi cwieZ©‡bi nvi|
M) Awj‡Mvcwj N) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi 10| evsjv‡`‡ki †gvevBj †dv‡bi eëmv †Kvb ai‡bi evRv‡ii AšÍf©y³?
DËi: K [MBSTU: 2015-16]
K) GK‡PwUqv evRvi L) Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi
e¨vL¨v: †h evRv‡i GKRb gvÎ Drcv`bKvix I AmsL¨ †µZv
M) cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi N) g‡bvcmwb evRvi
_v‡K Ges `ª‡eï g~‡jï Ici we‡µZvi AvwacZ¨ we`¨gvb _v‡K
Zv‡K g‡bvcwj ev GK †PwUqv evRvi e‡j| DËi: L
e¨vL¨v: Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi: evRv‡i we‡µZvi msL¨v `y‡qi AwaK
‡h evRv‡i ïaygvÎ GKRb †µZv: wKš‧ A‡bK we‡µZv _v‡K Zv‡K
wKš‧ †ewk bq, ZvB Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi|
g‡bvcmwb evRvi e‡j|
weÁvcb I we‡µZvi wm×všÍ G evRvi‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i|
gvIjvbv fvmvbx weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq G evRv‡ii D`vniY-‡gvevBj, Mvwoi evRvi|
11| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i KLb A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z nq?
01| weÁvc‡bi PgK †`Lv hvq ‡Kvb evRv‡i? [MBSTU: 2019-20]
[MBSTU: 2015-16]
K) c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZv L) GK‡PwUqv
K) P>AC L) P<AC M) P=AC N) P-AC=0
M) Wz‡qvcwj N) GK‡PwUqvg~jK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
DËi: N DËi: A
02| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i- [MBSTU: 2019-20] h‡kvi weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq
K) P>AR L) P>MR M) P<AR N) P=MR
DËi: bvB 01| Av‡cwÿK e¨q myweavi Rb¨ †KvbwU mwVK? [JUST: 2018-19]
K) evwYR¨ †RvU L) AbyK‚j evwYR¨
03| ‡h A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi eë¯’v miKvwi n¯Í‡ÿcgy³ _v‡K Zv‡K e‡jÑ
M) cÖwZK‚j evwYR¨ N) AvšÍR©vwZK evwYR¨
[MBSTU: 2018-19]
K) abZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ L) wgkÖ A_©bxwZ DËi: N
M) mgvRZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ N) Bmjvwg A_©bxwZ e¨vL¨v: AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi m„wó nq Av‡cwÿK e¨q myweavi Rb¨|
DËi: K cÖwZwU †`k †mB `ªe¨B Drcv`b I ißvbx K‡i hv‡Z Zvi
Av‡cwÿK myweav †ekx Ges †h `ªe¨ Drcv`‡b Zvi Av‡cwÿK
04| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i cÖvwšÍK Avq †iLv-[MBSTU: 2018-19]
K) DaŸ©Mvgx L) wb¤œMvgx M) Dj¤^ N) Avbyf‚wgK Amyweav _v‡K †mB `ªe¨ Avg`vwb K‡i|
DËi: L Ávbg~jK cÖkœ
05| ‡KvbwU wWwRwci AšÍf©y³ bq? [MBSTU: 2018-19] 1. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
K) †fvM L) wewb‡qvM M) miKvwi e¨q N) eëüZ `ªe¨ 2. GK‡PwUqv evRvi Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi: N 3. g‡bvcmwb evRvi Kx?
06| wb‡Pi †KvbwU ¯’vbxq evRv‡ii cY¨? [MBSTU: 2018-19] 4. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi Kv‡K e‡j?
K) ¯^Y© L) Pvj M) kvKmewR N) jeY 5. GKK †µZvi evRvi‡K Kx e‡j?
DËi: M 6. Ac~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRvi Kx?
e¨vL¨v: AvqZb ev cwiwa Abyhvqx evRvi‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv 7. Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi Kx?
nq| 8. ¯^íKvjxb evRvi Kx?
i) ¯vbxq evRvi (Local Market): ‡h c‡Yï evRvi †`‡ki 9. g~jab evRvi Kv‡K e‡j?
GKwU we‡kl ¯vb ev AÂ‡ji g‡a¨ mxgve× _v‡K Zv‡K ¯vbxq 10. ¯vbxq evRvi Kv‡K e‡j?
evRvi e‡j| †hgb-GKwU wbw`©ó ¯v‡bi gv‡Qi evRvi, Pv‡ji 11. AvšÍRv©wZK evRvi Kv‡K e‡j?
evRvi, kvK-mewRi evRvi cÖK…wZ| 12. Wz‡qvcwj evRvi Kv‡K e‡j?
ii) AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi (International Market): †Kv‡bv 13. dvg© Kx?
`ª‡eï evRvi hw` wbw`©ó AÂj ev wbw`©ó †`‡ki g‡a¨ mxgve× bv 14. wkí Kv‡K e‡j?
†_‡K K‡qKwU †`kRy‡o Z_v c„w_exe¨vcx we¯Í…Z _v‡K, Z‡e Zvi Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ
evRvi‡K AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi e‡j| 1. ÔGK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg© I wkí AwfbœÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki|
‡hgb-evsjv‡`‡ki cv‡Ui evRvi, Pv‡qi evRvi, •Zix †cvkv‡Ki 2. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq †µZv I we‡µZv‡K `vgMÖnxZv ejv nq †Kb?
evRvi, evnivB‡b gy³vi evRvi, †mvbvi evRvi BZ¨vw`| 3. ‡Kb GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i we‡µZv‡K `v‡gi ¯ªóv ejv nq?
07| cvU, †mvbv I •Zix †cvkv‡Ki evRvi- [MBSTU: 2017-18] 4. GKwU g‡bvcwj dvg© gyj¨ wbqš¿Y K‡i-e¨vL¨v Ki|
K) ¯vbxq evRvi L) AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi 5. AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRv‡i ïay Pvwn`vi Ici `vg wbav©wiZ nq †Kb?
145
6. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i AR ‡iLv wb¤œMvgx nq †Kb? M. DÏxc‡K e we›`‡Z gybvdv wbY©q Ki|
7. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i dvg© `xN©Kv‡j ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b N. DÏxcK n‡Z gybvdvi Dci bZzb Mo e¨q †iLvi (AC1) cÖfve
K‡i-e¨vL¨v Ki| we‡kølY Ki|
8. GK‡PwUqv Kvievi wKfv‡e `v‡gi Ici cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i? 4.
9. ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿ‡K ïaygvÎ wK cwieZ©bkxj LiP _v‡K?
10. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AR = MR nq †Kb?
11. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i AR  MR nq †Kb?
12. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i dv‡g©i Pvwn`v †iLv f~wg A‡ÿi
mgvšÍivj nq †Kb?
13. GK‡PwUqv evRvi I GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii g‡a¨
cv_©K¨ Kxiƒc?
K. c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi Kv‡K e‡j?
14. Òev¯Í‡e weï× c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi †Kv_vI †bBÓ-e¨vL¨v Ki|
L. evsjv‡`‡ki •Zwi †cvkv‡Ki evRvi‡K †Kb AvšÍRv©wZK evRvi
15. GKwUgvÎ dvg© wK KL‡bv wkí wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
ejv hvq?
16. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i weÁvcb LiP †bB ‡Kb?
M. DÏxcK †_‡K ¯^vfvweK gybvdvq fvimvg¨ AR©‡bi wPÎ AvuK I
17. ¯vbxq evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
gybvdvi cwigvY ‡`LvI|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ N. DÏxc‡Ki evRvi KvVv‡gv Abyhvqx ¯^íKv‡j Kx A¯^vfvweK
1. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: gybvdv AR©b Kiv m¤¢e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
5. ‘X’ Ggb GKwU evRv‡ii cY¨ †hLv‡b `ªe¨wU 20 UvKv `‡i wewµ nq|
†hvMvb evo‡j ev Kg‡j `ªe¨wU `v‡gi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv|
K. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx?
L. GK‡PwUqv evRvi I GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii g‡a¨
cv_©K¨ Kxiƒc?
M. ‘X’ `ª‡eï evRviwUi •ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K P,AR I MR Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki|
6. wPÎwU jÿ Ki:

K. evRvi Kv‡K e‡j?

L. c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i †Kb AR = MR nq?
M. DÏxc‡Ki †_‡K cÖwZôvbwUi †gvU gybvdv wbY©q Ki|
N. 8 GKK Drcv`b ¯Í‡i Mo e¨q e„w× †c‡q 10 UvKv n‡j
cÖwZôvbwUi gybvdvi Dci Kx cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
2. GKwU evRv‡i wbw`©ó c‡Yï weµq ZvwjKv wb¤œiƒc-
`vg (P) weµ‡qi cwigvY (Q) ‡gvU Avq (TR)
20 1 20
20 2 40 K. Awj‡Mvcwj Kx?
20 3 60 L. GK‡PwUqv Kvievwi `ª‡eï `v‡gi Ici cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z cv‡i
20 4 80 wK? e¨vL¨v Ki|
20 5 100 M. DÏxc‡K a I b-Gi g‡a¨ fvimvg¨ we›`y †KvbwU Ges †Kb?
K. cÖvwšÍK e¨q ej‡Z Kx †evSv? N. DÏxc‡Ki dvg©wU fvimvg¨ we‡kølY Ki|
L. GK‡PwUqv Kvievwi Kxfv‡e `v‡gi Dci cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i? 7. ivwkqv †eMg wKQz †mvbvi Mnbv †Kbvi Rb¨ GKwU Ry‡qjvwi gv‡K©‡U
hvb| †mLv‡b wM‡q wZwb AmsL¨ we‡µZv †`L‡Z cvb| †mLv‡b
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K MR m~wP †ei K‡i MR ‡iLv A¼b Ki|
†µZvi msL¨vI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wQj| wZwb GKwU †`vKv‡b wM‡q wKQz
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †`LvI †h, GwU GKwU c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK
Mnbv cQ›` K‡ib| Gme MnYv †µZv we‡µZvi ì KlvKwli
evRvi|
gva¨‡g wbav©wiZ GKwU `v‡g †ePv‡Kbv n‡”Q| ivwkqv †eMgI Zvi
cQ‡›ì Mnbvmg~n H wbav©wiZ `v‡g wK‡b Av‡bb|
3. wb‡Pi wPÎ jÿ Ki|
K. Wz‡qvcwj evRvi Kv‡K e‡j?
L. GK‡PwUqv evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡K ivwk`v †eM‡gi Mnbv µ‡qi evRviwUi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. D³ evRv‡ii ‣ewkó¨ we‡kølY Ki|
8.

K. Wz‡qvcwj evRvi Kx?

L. GKwU g‡bvcwj dvg© g~j¨ wbqš¿Y K‡i-e¨vL¨v Ki|

146
mv‡bvqvi †`L‡Z cvq †Kv‡bvw`b Zvi A‡bK jvf nq, †Kv‡bvw`b
Avq-e¨q mgvb nq Avevi †Kv‡bv w`b Zvi †jvKmvb nq| wKš‧ eQi
†k‡l †m ‡`L‡Z cvq,G e¨emvq Zvi †Kv‡bv †jvKmvb nq bv|
K. ¯^vfvweK gybvdv Kx?
L. RvZxq evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. mv‡bvqvi †nv‡m‡bi e¨emvq †h evRvi wb‡`©k K‡i Zvi
•ewkó¨¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. D³ evRv‡ii ¯^vfvweK gybvdv Ae¯vq ¯^íKvjxb `vg wbav©iY
wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki|
K. Wz‡qvcwj evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 13. wb‡Pi wPÎ †_‡K mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
L. ÿwZ Ae¯vq GKwU dvg© ¯^íKv‡j KLb Drcv`b Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q hvq?
M. DÏxcK †_‡K †gvU w¯i e¨‡qi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki evRv‡i †Kvb ai‡bi fvimvg¨ cÖKvk cvq? we‡kølY Ki|
9. Zvwbqv Zvi evevi mv‡_ eB‡qi †`vKvb hvq| wewfbœ †`vKvb Ny‡i
†`‡L †h, me †`vKv‡b `vg GKB| G‡Z †m Lye Avb›` cvq|
K. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi Kx?
L. ¯vbxq evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxc‡Ki evRv‡ii aib e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. Avb›` ev fv‡jv jvMvi Kvib e¨vL¨v Ki|
10. wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges wPÎvbyhvqx mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K. g~jab evRvi Kv‡K e‡j?
L. dv‡g©i ¯^vfvweK gybvdv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
M. DÏxcK †_‡K dv‡g©i gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
N. Drcv`bKvix KLb Drcv`b e‡Üi wm×všÍ †b‡e? DÏxc‡Ki
wP‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Ki|
14.

K. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi Kv‡K e‡j?

L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg© I wkí Awfbœ-e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxcK †_‡K AC Gi wfwË‡Z dv‡g©i gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx Mo e¨q AC Gi cwie‡Z© AC1 n‡j gybvdvi
Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? K. g‡bvcmwb evRvi Kx?
L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg© I wkí Awfbœ †Kb?
M. DÏxc‡K fvimvg¨ we›`y wPwýZ K‡i gybvdv/ÿwZi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
(CQ) wfwWI K¬vm †c‡Z N. DÏxc‡Ki AC ‡iLv hw` K we›`y w`‡q hvq, Z‡e dv‡g©i D™¢~Z
Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
bZzb cwiw¯wZ we‡kølY Ki|
15. gvIqv NvU eZ©gv‡b bZzb GKwU AvKl©Yxq ch©Ub †K›`ª| †mLv‡b
11. wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI| ÔAvnv‡i-evnv‡iÕ bv‡g GKwU Lvevi †`vKvb M‡o D‡V‡Q| Avi †Kv‡bv
gvbm¤§Z Lvevi †`vKvb bv _vKvq ch©UKiv †mLvb †_‡K †ewk `v‡g
Lvevi †L‡Z eva¨ nq| A_P Ab¨vb¨ ch©Ub †K›`ª¸‡jv‡Z eûmsL¨K
Lvev‡ii †`vKvb _vKvq ch©UKiv Gme mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nq bv|
K. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq P = AR = MR ‡Kb nq?
M. DÏxc‡Ki ÔAvnv‡i-evnv‡iÕ Lvevi †`vKvb A_©bxwZ‡Z †h evRvi‡K
wb‡`©k K‡i, Zvi •ewkó¨¸‡jv †jL|
K. g‡bvcmwb evRvi Kx? N. bZzb ch©Ub †K›`ª I Ab¨vb¨ ch©Ub †K‡›`ªi Lvevi †`vKv‡bi †h †h
L. GK‡PwUqv Kvievwi Kxfv‡e `v‡gi Ici cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i? evRv‡i mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© Zv‡ì ‣ewk‡óï Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Zz‡i ai|
M. DÏxc‡K cÖ`wk©Z dvg©wUi †gvU gybvdv wbY©q Ki
16. wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|
N. DÏxc‡K wP‡Î SAC ‡iLv E we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j gybvdv †ÿ‡Î
Kx cwieZ©b n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
12. mv‡bvqvi †nv‡mb gv‡Qi AvoZ`vi| Zvi g‡Zv AviI A‡b‡KB
evRv‡i G eëmvq RwoZ evRv‡ii †µZv msL¨vI A‡bK| †µZv-
we‡µZvi ìKlvKwli gva¨‡g gv‡Qi `vg wbav©wiZ nq| G eëmvq
147
GKB ¸Ym¤úbœ Kw¤úDUv‡ii GKB `vg †`L‡Z †c‡jb| cÖvBReÛ µq
Ki‡Z wM‡q †`L‡jb H c‡Yï we‡µZv ïaygvÎ mÂq Awa`ßi|
K. g‡bvcmwb evRvi Kv‡K e‡j?
L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i Mo Avq †iLv evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx nq †Kb?
M. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ Kw¤úDUv‡i †h evRv‡ii cY¨ wb‡`©k K‡i
K. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi Kx? Zvi wZbwU •ewkó¨ †jL|
L. †Kb GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i we‡µZv‡K `v‡gi ¯ªóv ejv nq? N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Kw¤úDUvi I cÖvBRe‡Ûi evRviØ‡qi cv_©K¨ †jL|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 22. wb‡Pi Q‡K `ywU evRv‡i weµ‡qi cwigvY I †gvU Avq †`qv Av‡Q:
N. DwjøwLZ gybvdv Kx mKj †ÿ‡Î AR©b Kiv m¤¢e? hyw³mn A evRvi B evRvi
gZvgZ `vI| weµ‡qi ‡gvU Avq weµ‡qi ‡gvU Avq
17. Rbve ‘Y’ GKRb eëmvqx| Zvui KvieviK…Z c‡Yï weKí `ªe¨ bv cwigvY (Q) (TR) cwigvY (Q) (TR)
_vKvq †ewk gybvdv AR©b K‡i‡Qb| 1 8 1 6
K. Wz‡qvcwj evRvi Kx? 2 14 2 12
L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg© I wkí GKB nq †Kb? 3 18 3 18
4 20 4 24
M. Rbve ‘Y’ †Kvb evRv‡i Kvievi K‡ib? e¨vL¨v Ki|
5 20 5 30
N. Rbve ‘Y’ Gi evRv‡ii ¯^íKvjxb fvimvg¨ wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| K. Awj‡Mvcwj evRvi Kx?
18. L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i weÁvcb LiP †bB †Kb?
M. A evRv‡ii Mo Avq (AR) I cÖvwšÍK Avq (MR) ‡iLv A¼b Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki A I B evRv‡ii g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z †Kv‡bv
cv_©K¨ Av‡Q wK? e¨vL¨v Ki|
23.
A evRvi B evRvi
weµ‡qi ‡gvU Avq weµ‡qi ‡gvU Avq
cwigvY (Q) (P) cwigvY (Q) (P)
K. wkí Kv‡K e‡j? 1 16 1 89
L. c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq †µZv I we‡µZv‡K `vgMÖnxZv ejv nq †Kb? 2 16 2 88
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ Ae¯v e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 16 3 87
N. dvg©wUi hw` 72 UvKv †jvKmvb nq Z‡e AC ‡iLvi Kxiƒc 4 16 4 86
cwieZ©b n‡e wP‡Îi †`LvI| 5 16 5 85
19. Avjyi `vg I weµ‡qi cwigvY wb¤œiƒc: K. evRvi Kv‡K e‡j?
weµ‡qi gvb (Q) `vg (P) L. KLb dvg© Ges wkí GKB? e¨vL¨v Ki|
(‡KwR) (UvKv) M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K A-evRv‡i TR Ges MR wbY©q Ki|
1 10 N. A Ges B Dfq evRv‡ii AR ‡iLv wK GKB? wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨
2 9 e¨vL¨v Ki|
3 8 24. wg. iwng ‘K’ kn‡i `yB `kK a‡i emevm K‡i Avm‡Qb| ïiæ‡Z
4 7 wZwb †`L‡Z cvb, kn‡i GKgvÎ dz‡ji ‡`vKvb cÖPzi dzj wewµ
K. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? n‡Zv Ges gybvdvi cwigvY wQj AvKl©Yxq| mg‡qi cwieZ©‡b IB
L. AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRv‡i ïay Pvwn`vi Ici `vg wbav©wiZ nq †Kb?
kn‡ii A‡bK dy‡ji †`vKvb M‡o I‡V Ges eZ©gv‡b †µZviv GKwU
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K AR I MR wbY©q Ki| wbw`©ó `v‡g †h‡Kv‡bv †`vKvb †_‡K dzj wKb‡Z cv‡i|
N. `vg n«vm bv ‡c‡q 10 UvKvq w¯i _vK‡j AR I MR ‡iLv K. evRvi Kx?
A¼b Ki I evRvi eë¯vi cÖK…wZi Ici gšÍe¨ Ki| L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi evRv‡i dv‡g©i Pvwn`v †iLv f~wg A‡ÿi
20. mgvšÍivj nq †Kb?
M. `yB `kK Av‡M ÔK’ kn‡i †Kvb ai‡bi dz‡ji evRvi we`¨gvb
wQj Zv wPwýZ K‡i IB evRv‡i •ewkó¨¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ ÔK’ kn‡ii dz‡ji eZ©gvb evRvi Ges
AZx‡Zi evRv‡ii g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki|
25. Kvjvg mv‡ne K I L `ywU cY¨ µq Ki‡jb| wZwb †`L‡jb ÔKÕ
c‡Yï mieivnKvix GKRb| Aciw`‡K ÔLÕ c‡Yï evRv‡i AmsL¨
†µZv I we‡µZvi Dcw¯wZ‡Z GKB `v‡gi cY¨ µq-weµq n‡”Q|
K. ¯vbxq evRvi Kx?
K. Wz‡qvcmwb evRvi Kx? L. GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡i AR > MR nq †Kb?
L. †µZv evRvi‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i, we‡µZv bq-e¨vL¨v Ki| M. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ cY¨ `ywU †Kvb †Kvb evRv‡ii mv‡_ mswkøó?
M. DÏxc‡K fvimvg¨ we›`y wbY©q K‡i gybvdv wbY©q Ki| e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K AC ‡iLv f we›`y w`‡q AwZµg Ki‡j dv‡g©i Ici N. cY¨ `y‡Uv evRv‡ii g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki|
Kx cÖfve co‡e? we‡kølY Ki|
21. Rb¥w`‡bi Dcnvi wn‡m‡e †Q‡j I †g‡q‡K Zvi evev Kw¤úDUvi I cÖvBReÛ
wK‡b †Ìqvi gbw¯i Ki‡jb| A‡bK Kw¤úDUv‡ii †`vKvb hvPvB K‡i
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-4 (Set-A)

148
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. 2.

K. wkí Kv‡K e‡j? 1

K. Wz‡qvcwj evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1 L. c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq †µZv I we‡µZv‡K `vgMÖnxZv ejv nq †Kb? 2
L. ÿwZ Ae¯vq GKwU dvg© ¯^íKv‡j KLb Drcv`b Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q hvq?2 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ Ae¯v e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
M. DÏxcK †_‡K †gvU w¯i e¨‡qi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3 N. dvg©wUi hw` 72 UvKv †jvKmvb nq Z‡e AC ‡iLvi Kxiƒc
N. DÏxc‡K evRv‡i †Kvb ai‡bi fvimvg¨ cÖKvk cvq? we‡kølY Ki| cwieZ©b n‡e wP‡Îi †`LvI| 4
4
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt
1| ÔdzjKwcÕ †Kvb evRv‡ii D`vniY? 10| ‡Kvb ai‡bi evRv‡i dvg© I wkí GKB e‡j we‡ewPZ?
K) AwZ¯^íKvjxb evRvi L) ¯^íKvjxb evRvi K) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv L) GK‡PwUqv
M) `xN©Kvjxb evRvi N) AvšÍRv©wZK evRvi M) Awj‡Mvcwj N) Wz‡qvcwj
2| ‡Kvb evRvi‡K `vg MÖnxZv ejv nq?  DÏxcKwU c‡o 11 I 12 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) Wy‡qvcwj evRvi
L) GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
M) GK‡PwUqv evRvi
N) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
3| ÿwZ ¯^xKvi K‡iI dvg© Drcv`b Ki‡e hLbÑ
K) AC  P  AVC L) AC  P  AVC
M) AC  P  AVC N) AC  P  AVC
4| evRvi A_©bxwZ wbqwš¿Z nqÑ
K) `vg L) Drcv`bKvix M) mÂq N) wewbgq
5| g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i KZRb †µZv _v‡K? 11| DÏxc‡K Pvwn`v ‡iLv †KvbwU?
K) 1 Rb L) 2 Rb M) 3 Rb N) 4 Rb K) AR L) AC
6| c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i- M) MR N) MC
i) P  AR 12| wP‡Îi E we›`y‡Z wb‡`©wkZ n‡q‡Q-
ii) P  MR i) `vg = Mo e¨q ii) `vg= cÖvwšÍK Avq iii) cÖvwšÍK Avq = cÖvwšÍK e¨q
iii) P  AR  MR wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 13| c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i GKwU dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z-
7| Awj‡Mvcwj evRv‡ii •ewkó¨ ‡KvbwU? i) MR  MC
i) eûmsL¨K we‡µZv ii) AR  MR
ii) cÖPv‡ii ¸iæZ¡ Av‡Q iii) MC ‡iLvi Xvj > MR †iLvi Xvj
iii) `jxq ¯^v_© we‡ePbvq Av‡Q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 14| GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡i †Kvb A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z n‡Z cv‡i?
8| ‡Kvb evRv‡i dv©g Ô`vg m„wóKvixÕ? K) P  AC L) P  AC M) P  AC N) P  AC  0
K) g‡bvcwj L) Wz‡qvcwj M) Awj‡Mvcwj N) g‡bvcmwb 15. ‡h evRv‡i GKRb †µZv Ges GKRb we‡µZv we`¨gvb †mB evRvi‡K
9| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z evRvi KZ cÖKvi? Kx e‡j?
K) Pvi L) wZb K. Wz‡qvcwj L.Awj‡Mvcwj
M) GK N) `yB M. Wz‡qvcmwb N. wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRvi

149
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-4 (Set-B)
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges wPÎvbyhvqx mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 2.

K. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1

L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg© I wkí Awfbœ-evRvi Ki| 2 K. Wz‡qvcmwb evRvi Kx? 1
M. DÏxcK †_‡K AC Gi wfwË‡Z dv‡g©i gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3 L. †µZv evRvi‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i, we‡µZv bq-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx Mo e¨q AC Gi cwie‡Z© AC1 n‡j gybvdvi M. DÏxc‡K fvimvg¨ we›`y wbY©q K‡i gybvdv wbY©q Ki| 3
Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? 4 N. DÏxc‡K AC ‡iLv f we›`y w`‡q AwZµg Ki‡j dv‡g©i Ici Kx cÖfve
co‡e? we‡kølY Ki| 4
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt
1| evRvi fvimv‡gï kZ© Kx? 9| Nwbô weKí `ªe¨ Abycw¯Z _v‡K †Kvb evRv‡i?
K) Pvwn`v = †hvMvb L) Pvwn`v = `vg K) GK‡PwUqv L) c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
M) †hvMvb = `vg N) Pvwn`v = `vg = †hvMvb M) Awj‡Mvcwj N) g‡bvcmwb
2| `y‡ai evRvi †Kvb ai‡bi? 10| GKwU `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi hZ me cÖwZôvb wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K Zv‡ì mgwó
K) AwZ ¯^íKvjxb L) ¯^íKvjxb wg‡j nq GKwUÑ
M) `xN©Kvjxb N) AwZ `xN©Kvjxb K) wkí L) dv©g
3| ‡Kvb evRv‡ii †ÿ‡Î mvaviYZ P  MC nq? M) evRvi N) KviLvbv
K) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi 11| evsjv‡`‡k ev¯Í‡e †Kvb evRvi jÿ Kiv hvq?
L) GK‡PwUqv evRvi K) c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZv L) g‡bvcwj
M) wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRvi M) Wz‡qvcwj N) GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK
N) GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi 12| wk‡íi Pvwn`v †iLv c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡iÑ
4| `ª‡eï cwiewZ©Z Pvwn`vi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi mvgvb¨Zg mgš^q mvab m¤¢e K) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx L) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
wb‡Pi †Kvb ai‡bi evRv‡i? M) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
K) AwZ ¯^íKvjxb L) ¯^íKvjxb 13| c~ Y© cÖ wZ‡hvwMZvg~ jK evRv‡i wb‡¤œ v³ †Kvb kZ©wU †bB?
M) `xN©Kvjxb N) AwZ `xN©Kvjxb K) eûmsL¨K we‡µZv L) ¯^ímsL¨K †µZv
5| ‡KvbwU evRv‡ii Acwinvh© ‣ewkó¨ bq? M) hvZvqvZ e¨q †bB N) `ª‡eï mgRvZxq
K) GK ev GKvwaK `ªe¨ L) µq- weµq  wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co 14 I 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
M) wbw`©ó ¯vb N) wbw`©ó `vg
6| evRvi •ewkó¨ †KvbwU?
K) wbw`©ó †hvMvb L) Pvwn`v
M) wbw`©ó `ªe¨ N) wbw`©ó mgq
7| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i-
i) AR I MR Dfq †iLv Wv‡b wb¤œMvgx
14| wPÎvbyhvqx †gvU Avq KZ?
ii) AR ‡iLv dv‡g©i Pvwn`v wb‡`©k K‡i
K) 10 L) 20 M) 30 N) 40
iii) AR †iLv MR †iLvi wb‡P Ae¯vb K‡i
15| wP‡Î E we›`y‡Z-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i) `vg = Mo Avq
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
8| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡ii •ewkó¨ n‡jv- ii) `vg=Mo e¨q
i) GKwU gvÎ `ªe¨ ii) GKRb we‡µZv iii) GKRb †µZv iii) Mo Avq = Mo e¨q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii

150
m„Rbkxj As‡ki mv‡Rkb
cÖ‡qvMg~jK 1. wPÎmn kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
2. Avw_©K I cÖK…Z gRywii aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki|
3. kÖwg‡Ki ¯^í `ÿZvi ‡cQ‡b KviY¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki|
4. cÖK…Z gRywi I Avw_©K gRywii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †j‡Lv|
5. kÖ‡gi cðvrgyLx †hvMvb †iLv e¨vL¨v Ki|
6.kÖgevRv‡i fvimvg¨ gRywi †iLvwP‡Îi gva¨‡g †`LvI|
7. kÖgevRv‡i fvimvg¨ gRywi wba©viY cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki|
8. kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZvi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki|
D”PZi `ÿZvg~jK 1. cÖK…Z gRywi A_©‣bwZK Zvrch© we‡kølY Ki|
2. kÖ‡gi `ÿZvi e„w×i Dcvq¸‡jv we‡kølY Ki|
3. Ab¨vb¨ c‡Y¨i †hvMvb †iLvi mv‡_ kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLvi wfbœ-we‡kølY K‡iv|
4. Avw_©K Ges cÖK…Z gRywii GKwU Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY K‡iv|
5. kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v I kÖ‡gi †hvMvb cÖK…Z gRywi nv‡ii mv‡_ Kxfv‡e m¤úK©hy³?
6. kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLv cðvrgyLx nq †Kb? G ai‡bi AvK…wZi Ici gšÍe¨ K‡iv|
7. kÖgevRvi Dbœq‡b miKvi KZ©„K M„nxZ c`‡ÿc¸‡jv we‡kølY Ki|

 kÖ‡gi aviYv t Drcv`‡bi GKgvÎ RxešÍ DcKiY n‡jv kÖg| mvaviY A‡_© kÖg n‡jv gvby‡li kvixwiK ev •`wnK cwikÖg| wKš‧ A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`‡bi
wb‡qvwRZ gvby‡li †h ‣`wnK I gvbwmK cwikÖ‡gi wewbg‡q cvwikÖwgK ev `vg †`Iqv nq, Zv‡K kÖg e‡j| cwiPvjbvi KvRI kÖ‡gi g‡a¨ AšÍfy© ³|
 Aa¨vcK gvkv©jt e‡jb,ÒgvbwmK ev kvixwiK †h‡Kv‡bv cÖKvi AvswkK A_ev m¤ú~Y© cwikÖg hv Avb›` Qvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ai‡bi DcKvi cvIqvi
D‡Ï‡k¨ Kiv nq, Zv‡K kÖg e‡j|Ó
kÖ‡gi msÁv‡K we‡kølY Ki‡j wb¤œewY©Z welqmg~n cvIqv hvq-
1. kÖg Drcv`‡bi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ nq|
2. mvaviY A‡_© kÖg ej‡Z ïay •`wnK kw³ †evSvq|
3. RxeRš‧i cwikÖg Drcv`‡b wb‡qvwRZ _vK‡jI A_v©r Dc‡hvM m„wó Ki‡jI Zv kÖg bq|
4. mvaviY †Ljvayjv ev Av‡gv`b-cÖ‡gv‡` AskMÖnY K‡i †h cwikÖg Kiv nq Zv kÖg bq|
kÖ‡gi •ewkó¨:

 kÖ‡gi `ÿZvt Ò‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q GKRb kÖwgK †h cwigvY KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i ZvB kÖ‡gi `ÿZv|Ó
151
A_©bxwZwe` †g‡nZv e‡jb, ÒkÖ‡gi `ÿZv ej‡Z kÖwg‡Ki mvg_¨©‡K †evSvq, hv †_‡K kÖ‡gi Drcv`bkxjZv •Zwi nq|Ó
kÖ‡gi `ÿZvi m~Î n‡jv-
Drcv`‡bi cwigvY (Q)
kÖ‡gi `ÿZv (EL) =
Kv‡Ri mgq (WT)
GLv‡b, EL = Efficiency of Labour.
Q = Quantity of Production.
WT = Work Time.
DbœZ ‡`kmg~‡n †hgb- Av‡gwiKv, Rvcvb, Pxb BZ¨vw` †`‡ki kÖwgKiv Avgv‡`i †`‡ki kÖwgK‡`i Zzjbvq †ewk `ÿ| A_v©r, Kv‡Ri
mgq (WT) GKB _vK‡jI Drcv`‡bi cwigvY (Q) DbœZ †`kmg~‡n †ewk †`Lv hvq| d‡j kÖ‡gi `ÿZv †ewk cwijwÿZ nq|
 kÖ‡gi `ÿZvi wbav©iKmg~n:
 KvR Kivi B”Qv|  KvR Kivi mvg_¨©|  msMV‡bi Kvh©KvwiZv|  DbœZ hš¿cvwZ|  KviLvbvi cwi‡ek|
 kÖgevRvi: kÖgevRvi ej‡Z Giƒc GKwU evRvi KvVv‡gv †evSvq ‡hLv‡b kÖwg‡Ki Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi wfwË‡Z GKwU wbw`©ó gRywi‡Z kÖwg‡Ki kÖg µq-
weµq Kiv nq|
wewfbœ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K kÖgevRvi‡K K‡qKwU †kÖwY‡Z fvM Kiv hvq| wb‡P kÖgevRv‡ii cÖfvi‡f` QK AvKv‡i Zz‡j aiv n‡jv-

 evsjv‡`‡ki kÖgevRvi
 evsjv‡`‡ki †ckvwfwËK kÖgevRvi

 evsjv‡`‡ki `ÿZvwfwËK kÖgevRvi: evsjv‡`k Rbkw³, Kg©ms¯v‡bi I cÖwkÿY ey¨v‡iv kÖwgK‡`i `ÿZvwfwËK kÖgwefvRb K‡i _v‡K| Rbkw³
ißvwbi aiY A_v©r †ckvMZ w`K chv©‡jvPbvq †`Lv hvq, weMZ 10 eQ‡i ¯^í `ÿ Rbkw³ ißvwbi Mo nvi †gvU Rbkw³ ißvwb cÖvq 37 kZvsk|

GB Aa¨v‡qi wfwWI K¬vm

†c‡Z Avgv‡K e¨envi Ki|

 evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍixY kÖgevRvi: kÖgkw³ ej‡Z GKwU †`‡ki Kg©ÿg Ges KvR Ki‡Z B”QzK RbmsL¨v‡K †evSvq| weweGm, cÖKvwkZ me© ‡kl
ÔkÖgkw³ Rwic,2002 Abyvhvqx 15 eQi eq‡mi E‡aŸ©i A_©‣bwZKfv‡e Kg©ÿg kÖgkw³ 7.34 †KvwU|
 evsjv‡`‡ki AvšÍRv©wZK kÖgevRvi: kÖ‡gi evRvi hLb †Kvb †`‡ki †f․‡MvwjK mxgv‡iLv AwZµg K‡i Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †`‡ki †f․‡MvwjK mxgv‡iLvi
g‡a¨ we¯Í…Z nq, ZLb Zv‡K AvšÍRv©wZK kÖgevRvi e‡j| mvaviY `ÿ, mej I Kg©V kÖwgKiv mn‡RB G evRv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i _v‡K| AvšÍR©vwZK
evRv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki `ÿ I ¯^í `ÿ kÖwg‡Ki e¨vcK Pvwn`v i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖevmx Rbkw³i AwaKvskB Igvb, †m․w` Avie, KvZvi, mshy³
Avie AvwgivZ, Kz‡qZ, gvj‡qwkqv I wm½vcy‡i Kg©iZ|

152
 evsjv‡`wk kÖwgK‡`i AvšÍRv©wZK kÖgevRvi µgcwieZ©bkxj

 evsjv‡`‡ki kÖgevRv‡ii •ewkó¨:

 wekvj AvKvi . kÖgkw³ e„w×i D”Pnvi . `ÿZvi Afve  wb¤œ Drcv`bÿgZv  bvix kÖwg‡Ki ¯^íZv  mPjZvi Afve

 evsjv‡`‡ki kÖwgK‡`i ¯^í gRywi nv‡ii KviY:

 mnRjf¨ kÖg  AwaK RbmsL¨v  `ÿZvi Afve  `wi`ªZv ¯^í Kg©ms¯vb  ÎæwUc~Y© wb‡qvM c×wZ  kÖwgK ms‡Ni `ye©jZv
 evsjv‡`‡ki kÖgevRv‡ii `ÿZv e„w× Dcvq
 Dchy³ wkÿv  Rb¯^v‡¯ï Dbœqb  mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯v  my¯ kÖwgK msN
kÖwg‡Ki evm¯v‡bi Dbœqb Kg©ms¯v‡bi cwi‡ek Dbœqb  Dchy³ gRywi cÖ`vb  AvaywbK hš¿cvwZi eënvi
 RbM‡Yi Lv`¨vf¨v‡mi cwieZ©b mvab  mylg Avq eÈ‡bi gva¨‡g RxebhvÎvi gvb Dbœqb

153
 ‡f․‡MvwjK MwZkxjZv: kÖwgK Zvi Kv‡Ri D‡Ï‡k¨ GK ¯vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯v‡b ev GK ‡`k †_‡K Ab¨ †`‡k ¯vbvšÍi nIqv‡K †f․‡MvwjK MwZkxjZv
ejv nq| †hgb-XvKvi †Kv‡bv gvQ we‡µZv Lyjbv wM‡q gvQ weµq K‡i|
†f․‡MvwjK MwZkxjZv `yB ai‡bi| h_v- K. Af¨šÍixY MwZkxjZv I L. AvšÍRv©wZK MwZkxjZv|
 Af¨šÍixY MwZkxjZv: ‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i GKB †ckvq ev wk‡í GK ¯vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯v‡b wM‡q KvR Kiv‡K Af¨šÍixY MwZkxjZv e‡j| †hgb-GKRb
wkÿK XvKvi †Kv‡bv K‡jR †_‡K ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡q PÆMÖv‡gi †Kv‡bv K‡j‡R wM‡q wkÿKZv Ki‡j Zv‡K Af¨šÍixY MwZkxjZv e‡j _vwK|
 AvšÍRv©wZK MwZkxjZv: †Kv‡bv kÖwgK Kv‡Ri D‡Ï‡k¨ GK †`k †_‡K Ab¨ †`‡k ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡j Zv‡K AvšÍRv©wZK MwZkxjZv e‡j †hgb-
evsjv‡`‡ki †Kv‡bv cÖ‡K․kjx Igv‡b wM‡q KvR Ki‡j Zv AvšÍRv©wZK MwZkxjZv n‡e|
 ‡ckvMZ MwZkxjZv: kÖwg‡Ki GK †ckv †_‡K Ab¨ †ckvq cwiewZ©Z n‡q KvR Kiv‡K †ckvMZ MwZkxjZv e‡j| †hgb- †Kvb e¨w³ K…wlKvR †Q‡o
†cvkvK KviLvbvq kÖwgK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
‡ckvMZ MwZkxjZv‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v-
K. Avbyf~wgK MwZkxjZv I L. Dj¤^ MwZkxjZv|
 Avbyf~wgK MwZkxjZv: †Kv‡bv kÖwg‡Ki †ckv I c` AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L GK cÖwZôvb †_‡K Ab¨ cÖwZôv‡bi wb‡qvwRZ nIqv‡K Avbyf~wgK MwZkxjZv
e‡j| †hgb- GKRb †cvkvK kÖwgK c¨v›U •Zwii KviLvbv n‡Z wU- kvU© •Zwii KviLvbvq †hvM`vb K‡ib| G‡ÿ‡Î G kÖwg‡Ki †ÿ‡Î GwU n‡e
Avbyf~wgK MwZkxjZv|
 Dj¤^ MwZkxjZv: kÖwgK GKB †ckvq ev wk‡í ev wfbœ wfbœ wk‡íi wb¤œ¯Íi n‡Z D”P¯Í‡i wb‡qvM cÖvß n‡j Zv‡K Djø¤^ MwZkxjZv e‡j| †hgb- ‡Kv‡bv
†cvkvK KviLvbvi kÖwgK hw` IB KviLvbvi D”PZi c` mycvifvBRvi wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM cvq Z‡e Zv‡K Dj¤^ MwZkxjZv ejv n‡e|
 kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZvi c‡_ evavmg~n:
 KvwiMwi Áv‡bi Afve fvlvMZ `ÿZv  RjevqyRwbZ cv_©K¨  ÎæwUc~Y© kÖgbxwZ
 mylg Dbœqb  Z‡_ï Afve  †hvMv‡hvM eë¯v
 kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v: kÖ‡gi gRywi I Pvwn`vi g‡a¨ wecixZ m¤úK© we`¨gvb| kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v kÖ‡gi Drcv`bkxjZvi Ici wbf©i K‡i| GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q Ges
wbw`©ó gRywi‡Z wb‡qvMKvix Kx cwigvY wb‡qvM Ki‡Z Pvq, ZvB kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v| GKRb wb‡qvMKvixi wbKU kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v, `vg kÖ‡gi cÖvwšÍK
Drcv`‡bi g~‡jï mgvb nq|
gRywi I kÖ‡gi Pvwn`vi g‡a¨ wecixZ m¤úK© we`¨gvb| gRywi e„w× †c‡j kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v n«vm cvq Avi gRywi n«vm †c‡j kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v e„w× cvq|
GLv‡b, DL = kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v w = gRywi f = A‡cÿK
D³ A‡cÿ‡K DL I w-Gi g‡a¨ wecixZ m¤úK© we`¨gvb| gRywi (w)-Gi gvb e„w× †c‡j kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v (Dl) G n«vm cvq| A_v©r gRywi I kÖ‡gi
Pvwn`vi g‡a¨ wecixZ m¤úK© we`¨gvb|

 kÖ‡gi Pvwn`vi wbav©iK

 kÖ‡gi cÖvwšÍK Drcv`bkxjZv  cÖK…Z gRywi  wewb‡qvM cwi‡ek  wewb‡qvM  Drcvw`Z `ª‡e¨i Pvwn`v  AvšÍRv©wZK evwYR¨
 kÖ‡gi †hvMvb: kÖ‡gi gRywi I kÖ‡gi †hvMvb cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e m¤úK©hy³| kÖ‡gi ‡hvMv‡bi `v‡gi Ici kÖwg‡Ki †hvMvb wbf©i K‡i| Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v w¯i †_‡K
gRywi e„w× †c‡j kÖ‡gi †hvMvb e„w× cvq Ges gRywi n«vm †c‡j kÖ‡gi †hvMvb n«vm cvq| †h cvwikÖwgK †c‡j kÖwgK GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY kÖ‡gi †hvMvb w`‡Z
ivwR _v‡K, ZvB kÖwg‡Ki †hvMvb `vg| kÖwg‡Ki †hvMvb `vg ‡ewk n‡j kÖ‡gi †hvMvb e„w× cvq| Avevi kÖwg‡Ki †hvMvb `vg Kg n‡j kÖ‡gi †hvMvb n«vm
cvq| kÖ‡gi †hvMvb `v‡gi n«vm-e„w×i Kvi‡Y kÖ‡gi †hvMv‡bi n«vm-e„w× N‡U| d‡j †hvMvb †iLv EaŸ©Mvgx nq|
154
 cðvr w`‡K †_‡K ‡eu‡K hvIqv kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLv: mvaviYZ kÖwg‡Ki gRywi e„w× †c‡j kÖ‡gi †hvMvb n«vm cvq| GKRb kÖwgK mßv‡n mvZ w`b KvR K‡i
†h gRywi †cZ Zv hw` gRywi e„w×i d‡j `yB w`b KvR K‡i Avq Ki‡Z cv‡i Z‡e †m evwK w`b¸‡jv Avivg-Av‡qk I we‡bv`‡bi Rb¨ e¨q Ki‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î
kÖ‡gi †hvMvb I gRywii nv‡i m¤úK© wecixZ n‡q hvq| A_v©r, kÖ‡gi gRywi e„w×i GKwU wbw`©ó mgq c‡i gRywi AviI evo‡j kÖ‡gi †hvMvb e„w× bv †c‡q
eis Kg‡e| GgZve¯vq AwaK kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLv cðvrMvgx n‡e|

 gRywi: mvaviYZ kÖ‡gi cvwikÖwgK‡K gRywi ejv nq| A‡b¨i Aax‡b KvR K‡i gRywi cvIqv hvq| wKš‧ ev¯Í‡e ¯^vaxbfv‡e KvR K‡iI gRywi cvIqv
hvq| †Kv‡bv kÖwgK wb‡Ri Rwg ev KviLvbvq KvR K‡i gRywi †c‡Z cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î D³ kÖwgK A‡b¨i gRywi‡Z ev KviLvbvq KvR K‡i †h cvwikÖwgK
jvf KiZ, ZvB gRywi n‡e| c×wZ Abyhvqx gRywi‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|h_v-
K. mgqwfwËK gRywi I L. Kg©wfwËK gRywi
 mgqwfwËK gRywi: GKwU wbw`©ó mgq KvR K‡i kÖwgK †h gRywi jvf K‡i, Zv‡K mgqwfwËK gRywi e‡j| †hgb- GKw`b, GK mßv‡n, GK gvm-G
wfwË‡Z gRywi jvf‡K mgqwfwËK gRywi e‡j|
 Kg©wfwËK gRywi: †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY KvR K‡i kÖwgK †h cwigvY gRywi jvf K‡i, Zv‡K Kg©wfwËK gRywi e‡j| †hgb-GKRb ivRwgw¯¿
GKwU `vjvb •Zwi‡Z 10 nvRvi UvKvq Pzw³ K‡i KvRwU m¤úbœ K‡i‡Q|
A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b Kv‡R wbhy³ kÖwgK Zvi kvixwiK Ges gvbwmK kÖ‡gi wewbg‡q †h cvwikÖwgK cvq, ZvB gRywi| †hgb-Wv³vi, BwÄwbqvi,
Aa¨vcK, DwKj, kÖwgK cÖf…wZ e¨w³eM© wbR wbR †ckvq wb‡qvwRZ †_‡K †h cvwikÖwgK jvf K‡i, ZvB gRywi| A_©bxwZwe` ‡mwjMg¨vb gRywi‡K
ÔkÖ‡gi `vbÕ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb|
 gRywii cv_©K¨/ZviZg¨: kÖgRxex mKj e¨w³B kÖwgK n‡jI mKj kÖwg‡Ki gRywi GK bq| G‡ÿ‡Î GB †ckvq wewfbœ kÖwg‡Ki gRywi wfbœ n‡Z cv‡i|
Avevi wewfbœ ‡ckvq kÖwg‡Ki gRywiI wfbœ n‡Z cv‡i|
gRywi nv‡ii cv_©K¨ `yB ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i| h_v-
 GKB †ckvq kÖwg‡Ki gRywii cv_©K¨ ev Avbyf~wgK cv_©K¨|
 wewfbœ †ckvq kÖwg‡Ki gRywii cv_©K¨ ev Dj¤^ cv_©K¨|

 wewfbœ †ckvq gRywii cv_©‡K¨i KviYmg~n:

 `ÿZvRwbZ cv_©K¨  my‡hv‡Mi Afve  e¨qeûj I mgqmv‡cÿ wkÿv  Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ
 AwZwi³ Av‡qi m¤¢vebv  cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Afve  kÖwgK ms‡Ni cÖfve  fwel¨‡Z DbœwZi m¤¢vebv
 kÖgevRv‡i gRywi wbav©iY: kÖgevRv‡i kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v I kÖ‡gi †hvMv‡bi mgZvi wfwf‡Z fvimvg¨ wbav© wiZ nq| kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v kÖ‡gi Drcv`bkxjZvi
Ici wbf©i K‡i| GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q wbw`©ó gRywi‡Z wb‡qvMKvix Kx cwigvY kÖwgK wb‡qvM Ki‡Z Pvq, ZvB kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v| Avevi kÖ‡gi †hvMvb
`v‡gi Ici kÖ‡gi †hvMvb wbf©i K‡i| GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q wbw`©ó gRywi‡Z kÖwgK Kx cwigvY kÖg `vb K‡i, ZvB kÖ‡gi †hvMvb| kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v I
kÖ‡gi †hvMv‡bi wµqv-cÖwZwµqvq kÖgevRv‡i Kxfv‡e gRywi wbav©wiZ nq Zv m~wP I †iLvwP‡Îi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv n‡jv-

155
gRywi kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v kÖ‡gi †hvMvb
10 15 5
20 10 10
30 5 15

 Avw_©K gRywi I cÖK…wZ gRywi : Drcv`‡bi GKwU †g․wjK Dcv`vb n‡jv kÖg| kÖ‡gi mv‡_ gRywii m¤úK© Nwbô| kÖ‡gi cvwikÖwgK‡K gRywi ejv nq|
kÖwgK Zvi KvwqK ev gvbwmK kÖ‡gi wewbg‡q †h g~j¨ ev cvwikÖwgK cvq, Zv‡K gRywi e‡j| e¨vcK A‡_©, gRywi ej‡Z †evbvm, i‡qjwU, Kwgkb Ges
gvwmK †eZb BZ¨vw` †evSvq| G msÁv Abyhvqx RvZxq Av‡qi `yB-Z…Zxqvsk gRywi wn‡m‡e kÖwgK‡K †Ìqv nq| wKš‧ msKxY© A‡_©, gRywi ej‡Z
mg‡qi wfwË‡Z cvwikÖwgK †Ìqv‡K †evSvq| †hgb-NÈvcÖwZ, w`bcÖwZ I gvmcÖwZ cvwikÖwgK| GQvov †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cwigvY KvR m¤úv`b K‡i
kÖwgK †h cvwikÖwgK cvq, Zv‡K Kg©wfwËK gRywi e‡j|
A_©bxwZwe`MY gRywii msÁv wewfbœfv‡e cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| A_©bxwZwe` ‡mwjMg¨vb gRywi‡K ÔkÖ‡gi `vbÕ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| A_©bxwZwe` ‡K. †K
wWD‡qU e‡jb, e‡jb, ÒgRywi n‡jv g~jZ GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi c‡Yï Z_¨ kÖwg‡Ki †mevi Rb¨ cÖ`Ë `vg|Ó
Aa¨vcK †ebnvg e‡jb, ÒPzw³i Aax‡b KvR Kivi Rb¨ wb‡qvMKZv© kÖwgK‡K †h A_© cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡K gRywi e‡j|Ó
myZivs gvby‡li kÖ‡gi cvwikÖwgK‡K gRywi ejv nq| kÖwgK Zvi KvwqK ev gvbwmK kÖ‡gi wewbg‡q †h g~j¨ ev cvwikÖwgK cvq, Zv‡K gRywi e‡j|
gRywi mvaviYZ `yB cÖKvi| h_v- K. Avw_©K gRywi I L. cÖK…Z gRywi|
 Avw_©K gRywi: kÖwgK Zvi •`wnK ev gvbwmK cwikÖ‡gi wewbg‡q A‡_©i gva¨‡g †h gRywi cvq, Zv‡K Avw_©K gRywi e‡j| A_v©r †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q
GKRb kÖwgK cvwikÖwgK wn‡m‡e †h A_© jvf K‡i, Zv‡K Avw_©K gRywi e‡j| hw` †Kv‡bv kÖwgK cvwikÖwgK wn‡m‡e 100 UvKv cvq Zvn‡j G 100
UvKvB n‡jv Zvi Avw_©K gRywi| Avw_©K gRywi‡K A‡_©i gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv nq|
 cÖK…Z gRywi: Avw_©K gRywi Øviv †h cwigvY `ªe¨mgvMÖx µq Kiv hvq, Zv‡K cÖK…Z gRywi e‡j| cÖK…Z gRywi Avw_©K gRywii ÔµqÿgZvÕ wb‡`©k K‡i|
Kv‡RB cÖK…Z gRywi kÖwg‡Ki Avw_©K gRywii cwigvY Ges wRwbmc‡Îi evRvi `v‡gi Ici wbf©i K‡i| GQvov kÖwgK Zvi Kg©‡ÿÎ †_‡K Ab¨vb¨
my‡hvM-myweav MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB †Kv‡bv kÖwgK Zvi Avw_©K gRywi Øviv †h cwigvY `ªe¨mvgMÖx I †mevKg© µq K‡i Ges Zvi Kg©‡ÿÎ †_‡K
Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM-myweav MÖnY K‡i, G‡ì mgwó‡K cÖK…Z gRywi e‡j| Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM-myweav ej‡Z evm¯v‡bi myweav, webvg~‡j¨ †cvkvK, IlyacÎ
W
BZ¨vw` †evSvq| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖK…Z gRywi (WR )   C ‡hLv‡b, WR = cÖK…Z gRywi, P =`vg¯Íi, C = Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM-myweav| Aa¨vcK †ebnvg
P
e‡jb, Ò‡Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AvKl©Y Avw_©K gRywii Ici wbf©ikxj bv n‡q eis cÖK…Z gRywii Ici wbf©ikxj nq|Ó
A_©bxwZwe` A¨vWvg w¯§_ e‡j‡Qb, Ò‡Kv‡bv kÖwgK abx ev `wi`ª, Dchy³ ev Abychy³ gRywi cvq, Zvi wePvi gRywii Abycv‡Z nq bv, Gi wePvi
Ki‡Z nq cÖK…Z gRywii Abycv‡Z|:

 cÖK…Z gRywi Kx Kx wel‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i:

 Avw_©K gRywi A‡_©i g~j¨  wb‡qv‡Mi mgqmxgv  `vg¯Íi
 Avbylw½K myweav  †ckvMZ e¨q  c‡ivÿ Ki  mvgvwRK ghv©`v
 KviLvbvi cwi‡ek  mvgvwRK wbivcËv  wkÿv I cÖwkÿY
 Avq: Avq n‡jv †Kv‡bv ‡`‡ki ev RvwZi mvgwMÖK Avq| cÖ‡Z¨K †`‡kB gvbyl bvbviƒc A_©‣bwZK KvRK‡g©i Øviv `ªe¨vw` I †mevg~jK Kvh©mg~n
Drcv`b Ki‡Q| †hgb- K…lK K…wl`ªe¨ Drcv`b K‡i, kÖwgK KviLvbvq wkíRvZ `ªe¨ Drcv`b K‡i Lwbi kÖwgK Lvwb n‡Z LwbR `ªe¨ D‡Ëvjb K‡i,
‡R‡j gvQ a‡i, wkÿK wkÿKZv K‡i, Wv³vi †ivMx †`‡L, Kg©Pvix Awd‡m KvR K‡i, g~jab gvwjK g~jab LvUvq, D‡`¨v³v eëmv‡qi SzuwK MÖnY
K‡i, eëmvqx eëmvq cwiPvjbv K‡i, cwienb Kgx© hvbevnb Pvjvq BZ¨vw`| Gme A_©‣bwZK KvRK‡g©i d‡j †Kv‡bv †`‡k †Kv‡bv eQ‡i †h cwigvY

156
`ªe¨mvgMÖx I †mevKg© m„wó nq, G‡ì A_©g~‡jï mgwó‡K Avq Z_v mvgwMÖK Avq e‡j| A_©bxwZ‡Z Av‡qi †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó msÁv †bB| mvaviYZ Avq
kãwU `ywU A‡_© eëüZ nq| h_v-1. Avw_©K Avq I 2. cÖK…Z Avq|
 Avw_©K Avq: †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ïay bM` A‡_©i wnmv‡e †h Avq DcvR©b K‡i, Zv‡K Avw_©K Avq e‡j| †hgb- †Kv‡bv e¨w³i gvwmK Avw_©K Avq 5,000
UvKv| †Kv‡bv e¨w³i Avw_©K Av‡qi mv‡_ Zvi ev¯Íe RxebhvÎvi gv‡bi †Kv‡bv m¤úK© _v‡K bv| †h e¨w³i gvwmK Avq 5,000 UvKv cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Zvi
gvwmK e¨q 6,000 UvKv| AZGe, Avw_©K Avq †Kv‡bv e¨w³i Rxebhvc‡bi ev¯Íe cÖwZ”Qwe bq|
 cÖK…Z Avq: GKRb e¨w³ Zvi Avw_©K Avq QvovI Avbylw½K Ges AwZwi³ Ab¨ †hme my‡hvM-myweav jvf K‡i, Zv‡K cÖK…Z Avq e‡j| cÖK…Z gvby‡li
ev¯Íe RxebhvÎvi cÖwZ”Qwe| D`vniY¯îƒc ejv †h‡Z cv‡i, †Kv‡bv e¨w³i gvwmK Avq 5,000 UvKv QvovI webv e¨‡q wPwKrmv, wkÿv hvbevnb Ges
webv fvovq evm¯vb †c‡q _v‡K| Gme my‡hvM-myweav wnmve Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, Zvi cÖK…Z Avq 7,000 UvKv|
 gRywi I Av‡qi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
mvaviYZ gRywi I Avq GKB A‡_©i eënvi Kiv n‡jI G‡ì g‡a¨ A‡bK cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| cv_©K¨¸‡jv wb‡Pi †Ìqvi n‡jv-
gRywi Avq
GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q kÖwgK Zvi cwikÖ‡gi wewbg‡q Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vbmg~n KZ…©K m„ó `ªe¨ I †mevKg© †_‡K ‡h A_© AwR©Z nq Zv‡K Avq
†h Avq AR©b K‡i Zv‡K gRywi e‡j| e‡j|
gRywi‡K ‘w’ cÖZxK Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq| Avq‡K ‘y’ = cÖZxK Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
gRywi (w) = kÖwg‡Ki cvwikÖwg‡Ki g~j¨| Avq (y)= Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ I †mevi Avw_©K g~j¨-Drcv`b LiP (TC)+ Ki (Tax)}|
gRywi `yB cÖKvi| h_v (i) Avw_©K gRywi I (ii) Avq `yB cÖKvi| h_v- (i) Avw_©K Avq I (ii) cÖK…Z Avq|
cÖK…Z gRywi|
gRywi cÖKvwkZ _v‡K| Avq m¤ú~Y© cÖKvwkZ _v‡K bv|
gRywi GKwU ÿz`ª ev msKxY© aviYv Avq GKwU e„nr ev cÖmvwiZ aviYv|
gRywi aviYvwU w¯i| Av‡qi aviYvwU cÖevn aviYv|
gRywi GKwU wbwðZ welq| KviY KvR Kivi Avq GKwU AwbwðZ welq| c~e© †_‡K wbwðZ nIqv hvq bv|
Av‡MB gRywi m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ nIqv hvq|
Ávbg~jK cÖkœ cÖkœ: Avw_©K gRywi Kv‡K e‡j?
cÖkœ: kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v Kv‡K e‡j? DËi: †Kv‡bv kÖwgK wbw`©ó mg‡q Drcv`b Kv‡R AskMÖnY K‡i A‡_©i
DËi: GKUv wbw`©ó mg‡q Ges wbw`©ó gRywi‡Z wb‡qvMKvwiMY Kx cwigvY wnmv‡e †h gRywi cvq, Zv‡K Avw_©K gRywi e‡j|
kÖwgK wb‡qvM Ki‡Z B”QzK Zv‡K kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v e‡j| cÖkœ: kÖg Kv‡K e‡j?
cÖkœ: cÖK…Z gRywi Kx? DËi: Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î GKRb kÖwg‡Ki •`wnK I gvbwmK cwikÖg‡K kÖg e‡j|
DËi: †Kv‡bv kÖwgK Zvi Avw_©K gRywi Øviv †h cwigvY `ªe¨mvgMÖx I cÖkœ: kÖ‡gi msÁv `vI?
†mevKg© µq K‡i Ges Zvi Kg©‡ÿÎ †_‡K Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM- myweav MÖnY DËi: †h evRv‡i kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi wfwË‡Z fvimvg¨ gRywi I
K‡i, G‡ì mgwóB cÖK…Z gRywi| kÖ‡gi wb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY wba©vwiZ nq Zv‡K kÖg e‡j|
cÖkœ: kÖg evRvi Kx? cÖkœ: evsjv‡`‡ki kÖgkw³ KZ Ask †eKvi?
DËi: †h evRv‡i wba©vwiZ gRywi mv‡c‡ÿ kÖg †Kbv‡ePv nq Zv‡K kÖg DËi: evsjv‡`‡ki kÖgkw³i †gvU GK- Z…Zxqvsk †eKvi|
evRvi e‡j| cÖkœ: mvaviY A‡_© kÖg Kx?
cÖkœ: gRywi Kv‡K e‡j? DËi: mvaviY A‡_© kÖg ej‡Z gvby‡li kvixwiK cwikÖg‡K †evSvq|
DËi: GKRb kÖwgK Zvi kvixwiK I gvbwmK kÖ‡gi wewbg‡q †h cvwikÖwgK cÖkœ: mvgwMÖK A‡_© kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v Kx?
jvf K‡i Zv‡K gRywi e‡j| DËi: mvgwMÖK A‡_© cÖPwjZ `v‡g wb‡qvMKvixMY Kx cwigvY kÖwgK wb‡qvM
cÖkœ: kÖ‡gi `ÿZv ej‡Z Kx eySvq? cÖ`v‡b m¤§Z _v‡K ZvB kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v|
DËi: kÖ‡gi `ÿZv ej‡Z ‣bcyY¨ ev DrK‡l©i mv‡_ kÖwg‡Ki KvR Kivi cÖkœ: kÖgkw³ KLb wekvj nIqv fv‡jv?
ÿgZv‡K †evSvq| DËi: hLb Kg©ms¯v‡bi h‡_ó my‡hvM _v‡K ZLb Rbkw³ wekvj nIqv
cÖkœ: kÖwgK msN Kx? fv‡jv|
DËi: kÖwgKiv wb‡R‡ì Kv‡Ri Ae¯v I kZv©ewji DbœwZ mva‡b Ges ¯^v_© cÖkœ: GKwU †`‡ki A_©bxwZi g~j PvwjKv kw³ Kx?
iÿv‡_© †h ¯vqx cÖwZôvb MVb K‡i ZvB kÖwgKmsN| DËi: GKwU †`‡ki A_©bxwZi g~j PvwjKv kw³ Zvi kÖgkw³|
cÖkœ: kÖ‡gi †hvMvb Kx? cÖkœ: kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ Kxiƒc nq?
DËi: kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLv ej‡Z †evSvq, wbw`©ó gRywi‡Z kÖwgK wbw`©ó DËi: kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v †iLv evgw`‡K †_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx nq|
mg‡q †h cwigvY KvR Ki‡Z B”QzK _v‡K| cÖkœ: mgv‡R gvbyl †Kb wejvmeûj Rxebhvcb K‡i?
cÖkœ: kÖg Kx? DËi: Amg Avq eÈ‡bi Kvi‡Y mgv‡R gvbyl wejvmeûj Rxeb hvcb K‡i|
DËi: Avq AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ †Kv‡bv Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ n‡q gvbyl †h kvixwiK cÖkœ: kªwgK msN cÖ‡qvRb †Kb?
I gvbwmK cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq Zv‡K A_©bxwZ‡Z kÖg e‡j| DËi: kÖwg‡Ki ¯^v_© msiÿ‡Yi Rb¨ kÖwgK msN cÖ‡qvRb|
cÖkœ: gRywi KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx? cÖkœ: Avw_©K gRywii gvcKvwV Kx?
DËi: mvaviYZ gRywi †Ìqvi c×wZ Abyhvqx gRywi‡K `yfv‡M fvM Kiv DËi: Avw_©K gRywii gvcKvwV n‡jv A_©|
nq| h_v- 1. mgqwfwËK gRywi I 2. Kg©wfwËK gRywi| cÖkœ: gRywi †Ìqvi c×wZ Abyhvqx gRywi‡K Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q?
cÖkœ: A_©bxwZ‡Z kÖg ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? DËi: gRywi †Ìqv c×wZ Abyhvqx gRywi‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
DËi: A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`‡b wb‡qvwRZ gvby‡li •`wnK I gvbwmK cwikÖ‡gi cÖkœ: mgqwfwËK gRywi Kv‡K e‡j?
wewbg‡q †h cvwikÖwgK ev gRywi †Ìqv nq ZvB kÖg| DËi: GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q Kv‡Ri wfwË‡Z kÖwgK‡K †h gRywi †`qv nq
cÖkœ: gRywi Kx? Zv‡K mgqwfwËK gRywi e‡j|
DËi: A_©bxwZ‡Z kÖwgK Zvi kvixwiK I gvbwmK kÖ‡gi wewbg‡q †h cÖkœ: Kg©wfwËK gRywi Kx?
cvwikÖwgK jvf K‡i Zv‡K gRywi e‡j|
157
DËi: Kv‡Ri cwigv‡Yi wfwË‡Z kÖwgK‡K †h gRywi †Ìqv nq ZvB _v‡K hZ¶Y kÖwg‡Ki ‡`‡n Rxeb _v‡K| kÖ‡gi GKwU Ab¨Zg ‣ewkó¨
Kg©wfwËK gRywi| n‡jv kÖg ¶Y¯vqx DcKiY| Gi mÂq m¤¢e bq| webvkÖ‡g ‡h mgqwU nq
cÖkœ: kÖwg‡Ki RxebhvÎvi gvb Kx w`‡q wePvi Ki‡Z nq? ‡m kÖg mwÂZ _v‡K bv| Zv wPiZ‡i wejyß n‡q hvq|
DËi: kÖwg‡Ki RxebhvÎvi gvb cÖK…Z gRywi w`‡q wePvi Ki‡Z nq| cÖkœ 7| kÖgevRvi ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
cÖkœ: Avq Kx? DËi : ‡hLv‡b kÖg µq-weµq Kiv nq Zv‡K kÖg evRvi e‡j|
DËi: †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q A_©‣bwZK `ªe¨ ev m¤ú` n‡Z †h Dc‡hvM ev A_©bxwZi cwifvlvq ‡h cÖwµqvq kÖg µq-weµq nq Zv‡K kÖgevRvi
Z…wß cÖev‡ni m„wó nq ZvB Avq| e‡j| Ab¨vb¨ c‡Yï b¨vq kÖ‡gi `vg ev gRywi Zvi Pvwn`v I ‡hvMvb Øviv
cÖkœ: Avw_©K Avq Kx? wba©vwiZ nq| kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v Av‡m Drcv`bKvix‡ì wbKU ‡_‡K Ges kÖ‡gi
DËi: GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q †Kv‡bv e¨w³ Zvi Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q †h A_© ‡hvMvb Av‡m kÖwgK Z_v cwievi ‡_‡K| ‡hLv‡b kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v I kÖ‡gi
DcvR©b K‡i Zv‡KB Avw_©K Avq e‡j| ‡hvMvb mgvb n‡e ‡m kÖ‡gi gRywi/`vg wba©vwiZ n‡e|
cÖkœ: cÖK…Z Avq Kv‡K e‡j? cÖkœ 8| kÖgevRv‡i gRywi wba©viY e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: Avw_©K Avq Øviv †h cwigvY e¯‧MZ I Ae¯‧MZ `ªe¨mvgMÖx jvf Kiv DËi : kÖgevRv‡i kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v I kÖ‡gi ‡hvMv‡bi mgZvi wfwË‡Z
hvq Zv‡K cÖK…Z Avq e‡j| fvimvg¨ wba©vwiZ nq| kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v kÖ‡gi Drcv`bkxjZvi Ici wbf©i
cÖkœ: kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv Kv‡K e‡j? K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K, kÖ‡gi ‡hvMvb `v‡gi Ici kÖ‡gi ‡hvMvb wbf©i K‡i|
DËi: kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv ej‡Z Zvi KvR Kivi ÿgZv‡K †evSvq| kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v I kÖ‡gi ‡hvMv‡bi wµqv- cÖwZwµqvq kÖgevRv‡i gRywi
cÖkœ: kÖwgK ms‡Ni D‡Ïk¨ Kx? wba©vwiZ nq|
DËi: kÖwgK ms‡Ni D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv kÖwgK‡ì ¯^v_© msiÿY Kiv| cÖkœ 9| Avq ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
cÖkœ: Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY †KvbwU? DËi : mvaviYZ Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q ‡h A_© cvIqv hvq Zv‡K Avq e‡j|
DËi: Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY n‡jv kÖg| wKš‧ A_©bxwZ‡Z 'Avq' kãwU we‡kl A‡_© eëüZ n‡q _v‡K| ‡Kv‡bv
Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ I DËi wbw`©ó mg‡q A_©‣bwZK `ªe¨ ev m¤ú` n‡Z ‡h Dc‡hvM ev Z…wß cÖev‡ni
cÖkœ 1| `vg¯Íi e„w× ‡c‡j cÖK…Z gRywi n«vm cvq ‡Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| m„wó nq Zv‡K Avq e‡j| A_©bxwZwe` ‡mwjMg¨vb e‡jb, ÒAvq n‡jv
DËi : `vg¯Íi e„w× ‡c‡j GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© Øviv c~‡e©i Zyjbvq Kg A_©‣bwZK `ªe¨ ev m¤ú` n‡Z m„wó Z…wß cÖevn|Ó (Income in the
cwigvY `ªe¨mvgMÖx ‡mevKg© µq Kiv hvq| myZivs G‡¶‡Î kÖwgK Zvi wbw`©ó flow of satisfaction from economics goods. Saligman)|
cwigvY cÖvß Avw_©K gRywi Øviv `vg¯Íi e„w× ‡c‡j c~‡e©i Zyjbvq Kg myZivs Avq m¤ú`-m„ó dj |
`ªe¨mvgMÖx I ‡mevKg© µq Ki‡Z cv‡i | d‡j Zvi cÖK…Z gRywi K‡g hvq| cÖkœ 10| e¨w³MZ Av‡qi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki |
cÖkœ 2| kÖ‡gi evRv‡i `¶Zv KZUv Riæwi? DËi : ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q wewfbœ Drm n‡Z ‡`‡ki mKj e¨w³ ev
DËi : ‡hme kÖwgK Zv‡ì KwZcq wbR wbR ‡ckvMZ Kv‡R wk¶v, cwievie‡M©i DcvwR©Z PjwZ Avq‡K e¨w³MZ Avq ejv nq | e¨w³MZ
cÖwk¶Y I PP©vi ga¨ w`‡q cvi`k©x I we‡klÁ, Zv‡ì‡K `¶ kÖwgK e‡j Avq I RvZxq Av‡qi g‡a¨ GKwU Nwbô m¤úK© we`¨gvb | KviY RvZxq
| mvaviY gv‡bi ‡Kv‡bv kÖwg‡Ki c‡¶ ‡h KvRwU Am¤¢e Zv `¶ kÖwgK Avq wewfbœ e¨w³i g‡a¨ LvRbv, gRywi, my` I gybvdv wn‡m‡e fvM nq
m¤úbœ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Drcv`b myôyfv‡e Ae¨vnZ ivLvi Rb¨ `¶ kÖwgK Ges G‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K Ask‡KB e¨w³MZ Avq ejv nq|
Acwinvh©| Kv‡Ri ¸Yv¸Y, kZ© I mgq wVK ‡i‡L GKRb A`¶ kÖwg‡Ki cÖkœ 11| Avw_©K Avq m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI |
‡P‡q `¶ kÖwg‡Ki Øviv ‡ewk cwigvY I DrK…ó `ªe¨ Ges ‡mev Drcv`b DËi : ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³ ïay bM` A‡_©i wnmv‡e ‡h Avq DcvR©b K‡i, Zv‡K
Kiv hvq| Avw_©K Avq e‡j| ‡hgb- ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³i gvwmK Avw_©K Avq 5,000
cÖkœ 3| GKRb wk¶K A‡c¶v Wv³v‡ii cÖK…Z gRywi Kg ‡Kb ? UvKv| ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³i Avw_©K Av‡qi mv‡_ Zvi ev¯Íe RxebhvÎvi gv‡bi
DËi : GKRb wk¶K A‡c¶v Wv³v‡ii cÖK…Z gRywi Kg nq| ‡Kbbv, ‡Kv‡bv m¤úK© _v‡K bv| ‡h e¨w³i gvwmK Avq 5,000 UvKv, cÖK…Zc‡¶
‡hme Kv‡R ‡ckvMZ e¨q ‡ewk Zv‡K cÖK…Z gRywi Kg| Wv³vi‡K Zvi Zvi gvwmK e¨q 6,000 UvKv| AZGe, Avw_©K Avq ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³i
Kv‡Ri myweav‡_© ‡gwkbcÎ µq, mnKvix wb‡qvM cÖf…wZ Lv‡Z LiP Ki‡Z Rxebhvc‡bi ev¯Íe cÖwZ”Qwe bq|
nq| wKš‧ wk¶‡Ki wk¶v`v‡b G RvZxq LiP ‡bB| ZvQvov Wv³vwi ‡ckv cÖkœ 12 | cÖK…Z Avq ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
wk¶vi e¨q GKRb mvaviY wk¶‡Ki ‡ckv wk¶vi e¨‡qi Zyjbvq DËi : GKRb e¨w³ Zvi Avw_©K Avq QvovI Avbylw½K Ges AwZwi³
AwaK| ZvB Wv³vi A‡c¶v wk¶‡Ki cÖK…Z gRywi Kg| Ab¨ ‡hme my‡hvM myweav jvf K‡i, Zv‡K cÖK…Z Avq e‡j | cÖK…Z Avq
cÖkœ 4| wewfbœ ‡ckvq gRywii cv_©‡Kï wZbwU KviY D‡jøL Ki| gvby‡li ev¯Íe RxebhvÎvi cÖwZ”Qwe| D`vniY¯îƒc ejv ‡h‡Z cv‡i,
DËi : wewfbœ ‡ckvq gRywii cv_©‡Kï KviY wbgœiƒc- ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³i gvwmK Avq 5,000 UvKv QvovI webv e¨‡q wPwKrmv,
1. AcÖwZ‡hvMx kÖwgK ‡kÖwY : wk¶v I ‡ckv, Rb¥m~Î cÖf…wZ Kvi‡Y mgv‡R wk¶v, hvbevnb Ges webv fvovq evm¯vb ‡c‡q _v‡K| Gme my‡hvM
AcÖwZ‡hvMx ‡kÖwY i‡q‡Q| wewfbœ ‡ckvq ‡g․wjKfv‡e gRywi‡Z cv_©K¨ _v‡K| myweav wnmve Ki‡j ‡`Lv hvq, Zvi cÖK…Z Avq 7,000 UvKv|
2. Kv‡Ri `vwqZ¡ I SyuwK : Kv‡Ri `vwqZ¡ I SyuwK Kg-‡ewk nIqvi ìæb cÖkœ 13| mgqwfwËK gRywii aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki|
gRywi‡Z cv_©K¨ m„wó nq| DËi : GKwU wbw`©ó mgq KvR K‡i kÖwgK ‡h wbw`©ó cvwikÖwgK cvq
3. kÖwg‡Ki MwZkxjZvi Afve: wewfbœ LiP, BZ¨vwì Kvi‡Y kÖwg‡Ki ‡ckvq Zv‡K mgqwfwËK gRywi e‡j| G‡¶‡Î wbw`©ó mgq ej‡Z NÈv, w`b,
MwZkxjZvi Afve nq| GRb¨ wewfbœ ‡ckvq gRywii cv_©K¨ nq| mßvn, gvm, eQi cÖf…wZ mgq AbymiY K‡i kÖwgK‡K cvwikÖwgK ‡Ìqv
cÖkœ 5| kÖg ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| nq| ‡hgb- ‡Kv‡bv kÖwgK cÖwZw`b 8 NÈv Kv‡Ri wfwË‡Z w`‡b ev mßv‡n
DËi : mvaviYZ kÖg ej‡Z gvby‡li kvixwiK cwikÖg‡K ‡evSvq| wKš‧ ev gv‡m ‡h cvwikÖwgK cvq ZvB mgqwfwËK gRywi |
A_©bxwZ‡Z kÖg ej‡Z Drcv`b Kv‡h© wb‡qvwRZ gvby‡li kvixwiK I cÖkœ 14| Kg©wfwËK gRywi eY©bv Ki|
gvbwmK me Kg©cÖ‡Póv‡K kÖg e‡j| gvby‡li me Kg©B kÖg bq| ïay A_© DËi : ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cwigvY KvR m¤úv`b Kivi Rb¨ ‡Kv‡bv kÖwgK‡K ‡h
DcvR©‡bi Rb¨ gvbyl ‡h cwikÖg K‡i Zv‡K kÖg e‡j | cvwikÖwgK cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zv‡K Kg©wfwËK gRywi e‡j| G‡¶‡Î Kv‡Ri
wfwË‡Z gRywi cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q _v‡K | ‡hgb- ‡Kv‡bv e¯¿K‡j kÖwgK‡ì
cÖkœ 6| kÖ‡gi ‡h‡Kv‡bv `ywU ‣ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| cÖwZ MR Kvco eyb‡bi Rb¨ hw` 10 UvKv cÖ`vb Kiv nq Z‡e Zv‡KB
DËi : kÖ‡gi `ywU ‣ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv-kÖg GKwU RxešÍ DcKiY| Kg©wfwËK gRywi ejv nq |
KviY kÖwg‡Ki Rxebxkw³ ‡_‡K kÖ‡gi m„wó nq| ZZ¶Y kÖ‡gi Aw¯ÍZ¡ cÖkœ 15| kÖwgK msN ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
158
DËi : mvaviY K_vq, kÖwgK‡ì Øviv MwVZ msN‡K kÖwgK msN ev kÖwgK 46. ‡`‡ki GK-cÂgvsk kÖgkw³ Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ-wkí Lv‡Z|
msMVb e‡j | e¨vcK A‡_© ‡Kv‡bv mgRvZxq ‡ckvq ev Ab¨ ‡Kv‡bv 47. 15 eQi eq‡mi D‡aŸ© kÖgkw³i msL¨v-7.34 †KvwU|
‡ckvq wb‡qvwRZ kÖwg‡Kiv wb‡R‡ì ¯^v_© i¶v Kivi Rb¨ mg‡eZfv‡e ‡h 48. ‡`‡ki †gvU kÖgkw³ K…wlLv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q-45.33%|
¯vqx msN MVb K‡i Zv‡K kÖwgK msN ev kÖwgK msMVb e‡j | Aa¨vcK 49. evsjv‡`‡kj kÖgkw³ AK…wl‡Z-54.67%|
wmWwb I weqvwU«m I‡qf-Gi g‡Z, ÔkÖwgK msN n‡jv kÖgRxex‡ì Rb¨ 50. ‡`‡ki Kg©ÿg I KvR Ki‡Z B”QzK RbmsL¨vB-kÖgkw³|
GKwU ¯vqx msMVb hv Zv‡ì wb‡qv‡Mi eZ©gvb Ae¯v eRvq ivL‡Z ev 51. ‡`‡ki †gvU kÖgkw³i wkíLv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ-GK cÂgvsk|
DbœZ Ki‡Z ‡Póv K‡i|Ó 52. evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍixY kÖgevRv‡i kÖ‡gi †hvMvb- Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq †ewk|
g‡b †i‡Lv Avgvq!!! 53. evsjv‡`‡ki kÖgevRv‡i cwijwÿZ nq-wb¤œ gRywi|
 kªg  evsjv‡`‡ki kÖgkw³i •ewkó¨
1. Drcv`‡bi †g․wjK Dcv`vb-kÖg 54. evsjv‡`‡ki kÖgkw³i cÖavb •ewkó¨-A`ÿ kÖwgK|
2. mwµq DcKiY n‡jv-kÖg| 55. kÖwgK‡ì ¸YMZ gvb wb¤œ nq-KvwiMwi Áv‡bi Afv‡e|
3. kÖwg‡Ki kvixwiK I gvbwmK cÖ‡PóvB n‡jv-kÖg 56. evsjv‡`‡k kÖgkw³i cÖv_wgK †ckv n‡jv-K…wl|
4. mg‡qi †cÖwÿ‡Z Drcv`‡bi ÿY¯vqx Dcv`vb n‡jv-kÖg 57. evsjv‡`k AvšÍR©vwZK kÖgevRv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i-1976 mv‡j|
5. ‡`‡ki Kg©ÿg I KvR Ki‡Z B”QzK RbmsL¨v‡K ejv nq-kÖgkw³ 58. AvšÍR©vwZK kÖgevRv‡i kÖwg‡Ki Pvwn`v N‡U-wkwÿZ I `ÿZvi wfwË‡Z|
6. kÖ‡gi •ewkó¨ n‡jv-kÖg AZ¨všÍ ÿY¯vqx| 59. Avgv‡ì Af¨šÍixY kÖgevRv‡i †ewk-A`ÿ kÖwgK|
7. gRywii mv‡_ kÖ‡gi †hvMv‡bi m¤úK©-mggyLx 60. kÖg GK¯vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯v‡b ¯vbvšÍwiZ nIqvB kÖ‡gi-MwZkxjZv|
8. kÖg‡K †K›`ª K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q-kÖg A_©bxwZ 61. evsjv‡`‡k kÖgkw³ e„w×i nvi A‡cÿv-Kg©ms¯vb e„w×i nvi Kg|
9. Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î Dcw¯Z _vKv Acwinvh©-kÖwg‡Ki| 62. IKvjwZ †Q‡o wkÿKZvq Avm‡j kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv n‡e-‡ckvMZ|
10. kÖ‡gi †hvMv‡bi Drm n‡jv-cwievi 63. cÖevmx Kj¨vY e¨vsK ¯vcb Kiv nq-2011 mv‡j|
11. Drcv`‡bi MwZkxj Dcv`vb-kÖg  Pvwn`v I †hvMvb
 kÖgevRvi I kÖ‡gi `ÿZv 64. kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v wbf©i K‡i-`ÿZvi Ici|
12. ¯vbwfwËK kÖgevRvi-4 cÖKvi 65. gRywii nv‡ii mv‡_ kÖ‡gi †hvMvb m¤úK©-mggyLx|
13. AÂjwfwËK kÖgevRvi-2 cÖKvi 66. kÖ‡gi Pvwn`vi DrcwË nq-Drcv`bkxjZv ‡_‡K|
14. kÖgevRvi cÖavbZ -2 cÖKvi 67. kÖ‡gi Pvwn`vi mv‡_ gRywii m¤úK©-wecixZ|
15. kÖ‡gi `ÿZv wbf©i K‡i-wkÿvi Ici 68. kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLv-DaŸ©Mvgx|
16. kÖ‡gi †µZv I we‡µZvi evRvi‡K e‡j-kÖgevRvi w
17. kÖgevRv‡i µq weµq nq-gRywii wfwË‡Z 69. kÖ‡gi Pvwn`vi m~Î n‡jv - D L  f  
18. kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi mgZvi gva¨‡g wba©vwiZ nq-fvimvg¨ gRywi P
70. kÖ‡gi †hvMvb wbf©ikxj -2wU wel‡qi Dci|
19. kÖwgK Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q DcvR©b K‡i-gRywi
71. Kg gRywi †Ìqv n‡j kÖ‡gi †hvMvb-K‡g|
20. kÖwg‡Ki KvR Kivi ÿgZvB n‡jv-kÖ‡gi `ÿZv
72. D”PZi cÖwkÿ‡Yi d‡j kÖ‡gi †hvMvb-ev‡o|
21. kÖwgK `ÿZv wbf©i K‡i-wkÿvi Ici|
73. kÖ‡gi Kvh©Ki †hvMvb wbf©i K‡i-kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZvq|
 kÖ‡gi `ÿZv wba©viK welqmg~n-
22. kÖwgK `ÿZv AR©b K‡i-cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g|  gRywi wba©viY, Avw_©K I cÖK…Z gRywi
74. mvaviYZ 2wU c×wZ‡Z wba©vwiZ nq- gRywi|
23. kÖ‡gi Drcv`b ÿgZv ev‡o-kÖ‡gi `ÿZv Øviv|
24. AwaKvsk KviLvbvq Afve i‡q‡Q-Kv‡Ri cwi‡e‡ki| 75. Avw_©K gRywi cÖKvk Kiv nq- W Øviv|
25. kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv wbf©i K‡i Zvi -Kv‡Ri ÿgZvi Dci| 76. Avw_©K gRywi cwigv‡ci GKgvÎ gvcKvwV- A_©|
26. kÖwg‡Ki †`n I gb my¯ I myLx _vK‡j evo‡e-kÖ‡gi `ÿZv| 77. `vg¯Íi w`‡q cÖfvweZ nq- cÖK…Z gRywi|
27. kÖ‡gi `ÿZv wba©viK KviLvbvi-DbœZ cwi‡ek| 78. kÖwg‡Ki cvwikÖwgK‡K ejv nq- gRywi|
28. kÖwgK‡ì Kv‡Ri Abxnv m„wó nq-wb¤œ gRywii Rb¨| 79. A‡_©i wnmv‡e kÖwgK †h gRywi cvq Zv‡K ejv nq- Avw_©K gRywi|
29. AvaywbK hš¿cvwZi eënv‡ii Rb¨B DbœZ †`‡ki kÖwgK‡ì-`ÿZv †ewk| 80. GKRb kÖwg‡Ki cÖK…Z Ae¯v wbf©i K‡i- cÖK…Z gRywii Ici|
30. kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZve„w× K‡i-msMV‡bi •bcyY¨| 81. Avw_©K gRywi w¯i †i‡L `ªe¨g~j¨ e„w× †c‡j cÖK…Z gRywi - Kg‡e|
31. kÖwg‡Ki Kv‡Ri Abxnv m„wó nq-wb¤œ gRywii Rb¨| 82. kÖwg‡Ki RxebhvÎvq gvb wbf©i K‡i- cÖK…Z gRywii Ici|
32. AvaywbK hš¿cvwZi eënv‡ii Rb¨B DbœZ †`‡ki kÖwg‡Ki-`ÿZv ‡ewk| 83. ‡h †ckvq AwZwi³ Av‡qi my‡hvM †ewk †m †ckvq- kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v †ewk|
33. kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv e„w× K‡i-msMV‡bi •bcyY¨| 84. Mo gRywi cÖKvk Kiv nq- AW Øviv|
 evsjv‡`‡k kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv e„w×i Dcvq Abykxjbx cvV-1
34. kÖ‡gi `ÿZv e„w× cvq-Kv‡Ri B”Qvi Ici| 1| cÖK…Z gRywi wbY©‡qi m~Î †KvbwU?
35. RxebhvÎvi gv‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK© i‡q‡Q-Kv‡Ri `ÿZvi| K) W  P L) W  P M) P  W N) W  P
36. kÖ‡gi `ÿZv evo‡j kÖwg‡Ki Drcv`b ÿgZv-ev‡o| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
37. evsjv‡`‡ki kÖgkw³i Ab¨Zg `~e©j w`K-¯^í `ÿZv|  cÖK…Z gRywii Ici wbf©i K‡i- kÖwg‡Ki RxebhvÎvi gvb|
38. kÖwgK‡ì Kv‡Ri mvg_©¨‡K e¨vnZ K‡i-Dò Rjevqy|  W =Avw_©K gRywi, P  `vg¯Íi|
39. evsjv‡`‡kj AwaKvsk cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPvjbv eë¯v-ÎæwUc~Y©|  `vg¯Íi Øviv cÖfvweZ nq- cÖK…Z gRywi|
40. kÖwgK‡ì ¯^v_© iÿv‡_© Ki‡Z n‡e-Kj¨vYg~jK kÖg AvBb|  GKwU MÖnY‡hvM¨ m~PK wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv gRywi Kiv nq- cÖK…Z gRywi‡K|
41. kÖwgKmsN n‡Z n‡e-MVbg~jK I mycwiPvwjZ|
 kÖwg‡Ki Kj¨vY e„w× cvq- cÖK…Z gRywi evo‡j|
42. Kg©‡ÿ‡Î eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e-AvaywbK I DbœZ hš¿cvwZ|
43. cwiPvjbv eë¯v †Kgb n‡j kÖwgK‡ì Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AvKl©Y ev‡o| W  AB
 cÖK…Z gRywii m~Î n‡jv- |
 evsjv‡`‡k kÖgevRvi Ae¯’v P
44. ‡`‡ki Kg©ÿg I KvR Ki‡Z B”QzK RbmsL¨v‡K e‡j-kÖgkw³|  `ªe¨ I †mev µ‡qi cwigvY Øviv cwigvc Kiv nq- cÖK…Z gRywi|
45. ‡gvU kÖgkw³ mev©waK wb‡qvwRZ-K…wl Lv‡Z|
(MCQ) wfwWI K¬vm
159
†c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
K) gRywi e„w×i mv‡_ kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v n«vm ‡c‡j
L) gRywi e„w×i mv‡_ kÖ‡gi †hvMvb n«vm †c‡j
M) gRywi e„w×i mv‡_ kÖ‡gi †hvMvb w¯i _vK‡j
N) gRywi e„w×i mv‡_ kª‡gi †hvMvb evo‡j
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 wbw`©ó gRywi‡Z kÖwgK †h cwigvY kÖg cÖ`vb K‡i ZvB - kÖ‡gi †hvMvb|
 kÖwg‡Ki w`K †_‡K kÖ‡gi Rb¨ hv m„wó nq ZvB - kÖ‡gi ‡hvMvb|
 kÖ‡gi †hvMvb wbf©i K‡i - †gvU RbmsL¨vi Ici|
 ‡ewk gRywi cÖ`vb Kiv n‡j kª‡gi †hvMvb- K‡g|
2| GKwU wbw`©ó gRywi‡Z kÖ‡gi µq- weµq Kvh©µg m¤úvw`Z n‡j Zv‡K
Kx e‡j?  kª‡gi Kvh©Ki †hvMvb wbf©i K‡i- kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZvi Ici|
K) `ªe¨ evRvi L) kÖgevRvi M) A_© evRvi N) g~jab evRvi  cÖK…Z gRywii mv‡_ kÖ‡gi †hvMv‡bi m¤úK©- mggyLx|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! W
8| Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
 cY¨ I `ªe¨ µq -weµq nq †h evRv‡i ZvB- `ªe¨ evRvi| P
 kÖ‡gi †µZv - we‡µZvi evRvi‡K e‡j- kÖgevRvi| K) Avw_©K gRywi L) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb
 ìKlvKwli gva¨‡g Kv‡R wbhy³ nq- w`bgRy‡iiv| M) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v N) cÖK…Z gRywi
 ¯^í‡gqvw` F‡Yi †jb‡`b Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i- A_© evRvi| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 `xN©Kvjxb FY Znwe‡ji Kvievi cwiPvjbv K‡i- g~jab evRvi|  `ªe¨ I †mev µ‡qi cwigvY Øviv cwigvc Øviv cwigvc Kiv nq- cÖK…Z gRywi|
 ‡kqvi, wW‡eÂvi µq- weµq nq- g~jab evRv‡i|  kÖwg‡Ki RxebhvÎvi cÖK…Z gvb Rvbv hvq- cÖK…Z gRywi †_‡K|
3| ‡KvbwU Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY?  A_© Øviv cwigvc Kiv nq- Avw_©K gRywi|
K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) msMVb  A‡_©i wnmv‡e kÖwgK †h gRywi cvq Zv‡K e‡j- Avw_©K gRywi|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  Drcbœ `ª‡eï Pvwn`v evo‡j e„w× cvq- kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v|
 Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY n‡jv- kÖg| 9| kÖ‡gi •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
 mvaviYZ kvixwiK cwikÖg‡KB ejv nq - kÖg| i) GwU RxešÍ ii) GwU MwZkxj iii) GwU ÿY¯vqx
 Drcv`‡bi Avw` I †g․wjK DcKiY n‡jv - f‚wg| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 A_©bxwZ‡Z me ai‡bi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`‡K e‡j- f~wg| K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
 Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb- g~jab| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
4| wb‡Pi †KvbwU gRyZ Kiv hvq bv?  kvixwiK cwikÖg‡KB ejv nq- kÖg|
K) gRywi L) gy`ªv M) kÖg N) g~jab  Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY n‡jv- kÖg|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  mwµq DcKiY n‡jv - kÖg|
 AZ¨šÍ ÿY¯vqx Dcv`vb n‡jv- kÖg|  Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î Dcw¯Z _vKv Acwinvh©- kÖwg‡Ki|
 mÂq ev Rgv K‡i ivLv hvq bv- kÖg|  ÿY¯vqx DcKiY n‡jv- kÖg|
 kÖwgK kÖg `vb K‡i AR©b K‡i- gy`ªv|  gRywii mv‡_ kÖ‡gi †hvMv‡bi m¤úK©- wecixZ|
 g~‡jï cwigvcK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i - gy`ªv| 10| AvšÍRv©wZK kÖgevRv‡i kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v e„w× †c‡j, Af¨šÍixY
 mÂ‡qi evnb wn‡me KvR K‡i- A_©| kÖgevRv‡i Kx msNwUZ n‡e?
 mivmwi †fv‡M eëüZ bv n‡q Drcv`b Kv‡R jv‡M- g~jab| i) gRywi ¯Íi evo‡e
5| evsjv‡`‡k ¯^í gRywii KviY- ii) †eKvi‡Z¡i nvi evo‡e
i) `ÿ kÖwg‡Ki Afve iii) kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv evo‡e
ii) KjKviLvbvi Afve wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii) g~ja‡bi Afve K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii  kÖ‡gi †µZv I we‡µZvi evRvi‡K e‡j- kÖgevRvi|
6| kÖ‡gi `ÿZvi m~Î †KvbwU?  kÖ‡gi evRvi n‡Z cv‡i- †`kxq ev AvšÍRv©wZK|
mgq Drcv`‡bi cwigvY  ‡`‡ki †f․MvwjK mxgv‡iLvi g‡a¨ kª‡gi evRvi n‡jv- Af¨šÍixY
K) Drcv`‡bi cwigvY L) mgq kÖgevRvi|
DcKi‡Yi cwigvY DcKi‡Yi cwigvY  AvšÍRv©wZK evRv‡i kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v †ewk Kvi‡Y- AbyK‚j cwi‡ek|
M) Drcv`‡bi cwigvY N) mgq  AvšÍRv©wZK evRv‡i kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v evo‡j- kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv e„w× cv‡e|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 11| kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLv ¯^íKv‡j cðvrMvgx nq, hw`-
 kªwgK `ÿZv AR©b K‡i- cÖwkÿ‡Yi gva¨‡g| i) gRywi †e‡o hvq
 kÖ‡gi `ÿZv wba©viY K‡i- Drcv`‡bi gvb I cwigvc| ii) wekÖvg AcQ›`bxq nq
 ‡Kv‡bv KvR fv‡jvfv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi ÿgZvB- kÖ‡gi `ÿZv| iii) wekÖvg cQ›`bxq nq
 kªwg‡Ki Drcv`b ÿgZv ev‡o- kÖ‡gi `ÿZvi Øviv| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 KvR Kivi ÿgZv n‡jv- kÖ‡gi `ÿZvi wba©viK| K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
7| KLb kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLv cðvrMvgx nq? hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLv ¯^íKv‡j- cðvrMvgx|
160
 AwaK gRywi nv‡ii mv‡_ kÖ‡gi †hvMv‡bi m¤úK©- wecixZ|  kÖ‡gi †hvMvb wbf©i K‡i- kÖwgK msL¨v  Mo kÖg`v‡bi mgq|
 AwaK gRywi evo‡i kÖ‡gi †hvMvb- e„w× bvI †c‡Z cv‡i|  kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v I †hvMvb wbf©i K‡i - cÖK…Z gRywii Ici|
 AwaK gRywi evo‡j kÖwgK cQ›` K‡i- wekÖvg ev Avivg| W
16|  2 gRywi nv‡i-
 kÖ‡gi gRywi K‡g †M‡j e„w× cvq- kÖ‡gi †hvMvb|  P
12| kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v e„w× cv‡e hw`-
i) kÖ‡gi NvUwZ †`Lv w`‡e
i) `ªe¨g~j¨ n«vm cvq
ii) †eKviZ¡ m„wó n‡e
ii) Avw_©K gRywi n«vm cvq
iii) cÖK…Z gRywi n«vm cv‡e
iii) kÖ‡gi `ÿZv e„w× cvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  cÖK…Z gRywi e„w× †c‡j - kÖ‡gi †hvMvb e„w× n‡e|
 kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v e„w× cvq- kÖ‡gi `ÿZv evo‡j|
 cÖK…Z gRywi Kg n‡j kÖ‡gi †hvMvb - ev‡o|
 wbw`©ó gRywi‡Z Drcv`K †h cwigvY kÖwgK wb‡qvM †`b Zv‡K e‡j-
 kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v A‡cÿv †hvMvb ‡ewk n‡j- cÖK…wZ gRywi ev‡o|
kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v|
 kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v A‡cÿv †hvMvb †ewk n‡j- †eKviZ¡ m„wó n‡e|
 Drcbœ `ª‡eï Pvwn`v evo‡j e„w× cv‡e- kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v|
 ‡eKviZ¡ mgm¨v •Zwi n‡j n«vm cv‡e- cÖK…Z gRywi|
 Avw_©K I cÖK…Z gRywi e„w× †c‡j n«vm cv‡e- kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v|
 RxebhvÎvi e¨q e„w× cv‡e- gRywi evo‡j|
 ‡fv³vi µqÿgZv e„w× †c‡jI kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v n«vm cvq- gy`ªv
ms‡KvP‡bi mgq|  ‡KBbm g‡b K‡ib kÖg wbf©i K‡i- Avw_©K gRywii Ici|
13| cÖK…Z gRywii wbav©iK n‡jv- wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ K‡iv Ges 17 I 18bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wb‡¤œ GKwU kÖgevRvi Gi Pvwn`v I †hvMvb wb¤œiƒc:
i) kÖ‡gi we‡klvqY ii) c‡ivÿ Ki iii) Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 GKRb kÖwg‡Ki cÖK…Z A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v wbf©i K‡i- cªK„Z gRywii Ici|
 Avw_©K gRywi w¯i †_‡K `ªe¨g~j¨ evo‡j Kg‡e- cÖK…Z gRywi|
 `vg¯Íi Øviv cÖfvweZ nq- cÖK…Z gRywi|
 cÖK…Z gRywi †ewk- m¤§vbRbK Kv‡R|
17| DÏxc‡K cÖ`wk©Z kÖgevRv‡i fvimvg¨ gRywi I fvimvg¨ wb‡qv‡Mi
 cÖK…Z gRywi wbf©i K‡i- Kg© cwi‡ek, Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZ, c‡ivÿ K‡ii Ici|
cwigvY n‡jv h_vµ‡g-
14|GKB †ckvq gRywi nv‡ii cv_©‡Kï KviY-
K) (15,10) L) (10,20) M) (5,10) N) (5,20)
i) wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zv ii) `ÿZvi cv_©K¨ iii) kvixwiK †hvM¨Zv
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v wbf©i K‡i - AwfÁZv I `ÿZvi Ici|
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
 kÖ‡gi ‡hvMvb wbf©i K‡i - kÖwgK msL¨v  Mo kÖg`v‡bi mgq|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 gRywi nv‡ii cv_©K¨‡K fvM Kiv hvq- `yÕfv‡M|  kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v I †hvMvb wbf©i K‡i- cÖK…Z gRywii Ici|
18| `vg¯Íi w¯i †i‡L kÖgevRv‡i gRywi 10 UvKv n‡Z n«vm †c‡q 5 UvKv n‡j-
 me kÖwg‡Ki gRywi- mgvb bq|
i) kÖ‡gi NvUwZ †`Lv w`‡e
 GKB †ckvq gRywii nv‡ii cv_©‡Kï KviY- wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zv|
ii) kÖwg‡Ki RxebhvÎvi gvb n«vm cv‡e
 `ÿ kÖwg‡Ki gRywi A`ÿ kªwgK A‡cÿv- AwaK|
iii) cÖK…Z gRywi e„w× cv‡e
 `vwqZ¡ I c`gh©v`vi cv_©‡Kï Rb¨ - gRywii nv‡ii cv_©K¨ N‡U| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 KvwqK kÖgwbf©i ‡ckvq gRywii nvi `ye©j kÖwgK A‡cÿv †ewk nq- K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
mej kÖwg‡Ki | hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
** wb‡Pi wP‡Î j‡ÿ¨ K‡iv Ges 15 I 16bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:  cÖK…Z gRywi n«vm †c‡j K‡g hvq- kÖ‡gi †hvMvb|
 kÖgevRv‡i gRywi wba©vwiZ nq - D L  SL n‡j|
 kÖ‡gi AwZwi³ Pvwn`vi Kvi‡Y e„w× cvq- cÖK…Z gRywi|
19| A_©bxwZ‡Z kÖg ej‡Z †evSvq-
K) Avb‡›ì D‡Ïk¨ Kiv KvwqK Kg©cÖ‡Póv‡K
L) Avb‡›ì D‡Ïk¨ Kiv KvwqK I gvbwmK Kg©cÖ‡Póv‡K
M) Avw_©K D‡Ïk¨ Kiv KvwqK Kg©cÖ‡Póv‡K
N) Avw_©K D‡Ïk¨ Kiv KvwqK I gvbwmK Kg©cÖ‡Póv‡K
15| †`kwUi kÖgevRv‡ii fvimvg¨ we›`y †KvbwU? 20| kÖg‡K RxešÍ DcKiY ejv nq †Kb?
K) K we›`y L) L we›`y M) E we›`y N) N we›`y K) kÖg‡K msiÿY Kiv hvq e‡j
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! L) ‡KejgvÎ Kg©iZ Ae¯vqB kÖ‡gi Aw¯ÍZ¡ _v‡K
 kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v I kÖ‡gi †hvMvb mgvb n‡j- kÖgevRv‡i fvimvg¨ AwR©Z M) kÖg gvbem„ó Dcv`vb e‡j
nq| N) kÖg Awebk¦i e‡j
 kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v wbf©i K‡i - AwfÁZv I `ÿZvi Ici|
161
21| GKwU wbw`©ó mgq ch©šÍ KvR Kivi ci wKQz kÖwgK D”P gRywi‡ZI wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
KvR Ki‡Z AvMÖnx nq bv| G‡ÿ‡Î kÖwg‡Ki †hvMvb †iLvi AvK…wZ K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
†Kgb n‡e? 37|cÖK…Z gRywi e„w× cv‡e hw`-
K) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx L) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx i) `vg¯Íi n«vm cvq ii) Avw_©K gRywi I `vg¯Íi mgnv‡i ev‡o
M) cðvrMvgx N) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj iii) Avw_©K gRywii †P‡q `vg¯Íi Kg nv‡i ev‡o
22|kÖ‡gi cvwikÖwgK‡K Kx e‡j? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) †eZb L) Avq M) cvIbv N) gRywi K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
23| g~j¨¯Íi n«vm- e„w×i Kvi‡Y †KvbwU cwieZ©b nq? ** wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU †_‡K 38 I 39bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) Avw_©K gRywi L) Kg©wfwËK gRywi wecøe mv‡ne `yBeQi a‡i `yevB- G KvR Ki‡Qb| †mLvb †_‡K wZwb
M) cÖK…Z gRywi N) mgqwfwËK gRywi SMS Gi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki Zvui cwiev‡ii wbKU gyn~‡Z©i g‡a¨B
24| kÖ‡gi gvwjK †K? UvKv cvwV‡q _v‡Kb|
K) f‚¯^vgx L) kÖwgK M) msMVK N) wkícwZ 38| wecøe mv‡n‡ei `yevB Mgb †Kvb ai‡bi MwZkxjZv?
25| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mÂq Kiv hvq bv? K) †ckvMZ L) ¯ÍiMZ M) wkíMZ N) †f․MvwjK
K) gRywi L) LvRbv M) A_© N) kÖg 39|wecøe mv‡n‡ei †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU cÖ‡hvR¨?
26| ‡KvbwU kÖ‡gi Pvwn`vi wba©viK bq? i) Zvi Avq evsjv‡`‡ki GDP Gi AšÍf©y³
K) cÖK…Z gRywi L) RbmsL¨v e„w× M) `vg¯Íi N) gybvdv
ii) wZwb †gvevBj e¨vswKs †mev MÖnY K‡ib
27| kÖ‡gi Pvwn`vi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK?
iii) wZwb AvšÍRv©wZK kÖgevRv‡i kÖg cÖ`vb K‡ib
K) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v cwievi †_‡K Av‡m
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
L) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v †iLv DaŸ©Mvgx
M) kª‡gi Pvwn`vi mv‡_ cÖK…Z gRywii m¤úK© wecixZ K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
** wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 40 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
N) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v‡K ( W / p) L Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq
28| kÖwg‡Ki Kg©¯‡ji mybvg, Kg©cwi‡ek, wb‡qvMKZ©vi fv‡jv AvPiY
wb‡Pi †KvbwUi AšÍf©y³?
K) Avw_©K gRywi L) cÖK…Z gRywi M) Avw_©K Avq N) cÖK…Z Avq
29|cÖK…Z gRywi m~Î †KvbwU?
w p
K) L) W  P M) W  P N)
p W
30| kÖ‡gi gRywi wba©vwiZ nq-
i) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v I †hvMvb Øviv
ii) kÖ‡gi cÖvwšÍK Drcv`bkxjZv Øviv 40| kÖ‡gi †hvMvb N 0 we›`y‡Z wba©vwiZ n‡j me©cÖ_g Kx n‡e?
iii) kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv Øviv K) gRywi e„w× cv‡i L) gRywi n«vm cv‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v e„w× cv‡e N) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v n«vm cv‡e
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii ** wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 41 I 42bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
31|‡KvbwU cÖK…Z gRywii Dcv`vb- gRywi ( W ) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb (SL )
i) Avw_©K gRywi ii) `vg¯Íi iii) mvgvwRK gh©v`v 10 2
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 20 3
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 30 4
32| cÖK…Z gRywi wbf©i K‡i- 40 2
i) Avw_©K gRywi ii) evRvi g~j¨ iii) mvgvwRK wbivcËv 41|m~wP Abymv‡i kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLvi AvK…wZ †KvbwU?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) L)
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
33| `ªe¨g~‡jï mv‡_ cÖK…Z gRywii m¤úK©-
i) mggyLx ii) wecixZgyLx iii) m¤úK© †bB
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii M) N)
34| kÖ‡gi •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
i) Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY ii) mÂq Kiv hvq bv
iii) †hvMvb e„w× mgq mv‡c‡ÿ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
35| cÖK…Z gRywii Dcv`vb n‡jv- 42| kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLvi Giƒc AvK…wZi KviY n‡jv-
i) Avw_©K gRywi ii) †Uwj‡dvb wej iii) kÖ‡gi we‡klZ¡ i) kÖ‡gi `ÿZv n«vm
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii) Kv‡Ri Zzjbvq wekÖvg‡K cÖvavb¨
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii iii) D”P Av‡qi wecix‡Z Afv‡ei ZxeªZv K‡g hvIqv
36| cÖK…Z gRywi wbf©i K‡i hvi Ici- wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i) Avw_©K gRywi ii) `vg¯Íi iii) Kv‡Ri mgq K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
162
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov 43 I 44 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
kvgxg Avn‡g` GKwU Mv‡g©›Um d¨v±wi‡Z PvKwi K‡ib| wZwb
cÖwZgv‡m gRywi eve` 15000 UvKv †eZb cvb, 5,000 UvKv evwo
fvov cvb I wPwKrmv fvZv 1000 UvKv cvb| AvMvgx gv‡m Zvi
†eZb evovi m¤¢vebv Av‡Q|
43| DÏxcK Abymv‡i kvgxg Avn‡g‡ì cÖwZgv‡m Avw_©K gRywi KZ
UvKv?
L) 5,000 L) 15,000
M) 20,000 N) 21,000
44| AvMvgx gv‡m Zvi †eZb e„w× cÖK…Z gRywi‡K evov‡e; hw`-
i) `vg¯Íi I †eZb GKB nv‡i ev‡o 51|wP‡Î kÖwg‡Ki fvimvg¨ gRywi I wb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY ‡KvbwU?
ii) `vg¯Í‡ii †P‡q †eZb †ewk nv‡i ev‡o K) (5,10) L) (5,30) M) (10,20) N) (15,30)
iii) `vg¯Íi AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K 52| miKvi by¨bZg gRywi 15 UvKv wba©viY Ki‡j-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i) †eKviZ¡ e„w× cv‡e
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii ii) fvimvg¨ webó n‡e
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 45 I 46 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: iii) RxebhvÎvi e¨q e„w× cv‡e
wgï 10,000 UvKvq GKwU †Kv¤úvwb‡Z Kg©iZ| mšÍvb‡ì †jLvcov, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wPwKrmv, †Uwj‡dvb Ges hvZvqvZ LiP eve` Av‡iv 5,000 UvKvi K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
myweavmn Av‡iv wKQz myweav †fvM K‡i hv A‡_© cwigvc‡hvM¨ bq| DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 53 I 54 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
evRv‡i we`¨gvb `ª‡eï `vg¯Íi 100 UvKv| 2012 mv‡j wg. mv`gvb 2,000 Wjvi g~j †eZ‡b PvKzwi‡Z cÖ‡ek
45|wgïi cÖK…Z gRywii cwigvY KZ? K‡ib| g~j †eZ‡bi mv‡_ 1000 Wjvi evwo fvov I 500 Wjvi
K) 100/- + A`„k¨gvb AwZwi³ myweav wPwKrmv fvZv cvb| 2013 mv‡j Zvi †eZb fvZvwì †Kv‡bv
L) 150/- + A`„k¨gvb AwZwi³ myweav cwieZ©b bv n‡jI evRv‡i Mo `vg¯Íi K‡g hvq|
M) 200/- + A`„k¨gvb AwZwi³ myweav 53| wg. mv`gv‡bi Avw_©K gRywii cwigvY KZ Wjvi?
N) 250/- + A`„k¨gvb AwZwi³ myweav K) 3500 L) 3000 M) 2500 N) 2000
46| Aby‡”Q‡ì Av‡jv‡K cÖK…Z gRywii m~ÎwU n‡e- 54| 2013 mv‡j wg. mv`gv‡bi-
W W  AB W  AB i) Avw_©K gRywi Kg‡e
i) ii) iii) C ii) cÖK…Z gRywi evo‡e
P P P
iii) RxebhvÎvi gvb evo‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i L) ii M) iii N) ii I iii
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 47 I 48 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wg. ÔKÕ Gi gvwmK g~j †eZb 56,000 UvKv| GQvov wZwb cÖwZgv‡m wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 55 I 56 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
bymivZ Rvnvb GKwU †Kv¤úvwbi Kw¤úDUvi Acv‡iUi| Zvi gvwmK
evwo fvov 28,000 UvKv; wPwKrmv fvZv 1,500 UvKv Ges wkÿv fvZv
†eZb 10,000 UvKv| H †Kv¤úvwbi gvwjK Rbve †gv¯ÍvwdRyi ingvb
1,000 UvKv cvb| H mg‡qi `vg¯Íi 100 UvKv|
K‡Vvi cwikÖg Øviv w`b w`b DbœwZ mvab Ki‡Qb|
47| wg. ÔKÕ Gi cÖK…Z gRywi KZ?
55| A_©bxwZi fvlv bymivZ I †gv¯ÍvwdR‡K Kx ejv hvq?
K) 560 UvKv L) 585 UvKv N) 840 UvKv N) 865 UvKv
K) kÖwgK L) gvwjK M) Kvievix N) msMVK
48| wg. ÔKÕ Gi cÖK…Z gRywi e„w× cv‡e, hw`-
56|‡gv¯ÍvwdR mv‡n‡ei cÖ`Ë kÖg †Kvb ai‡bi kÖg?
i) `vg¯Íi AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K K) kvixwiK L) gvbwmK M) †h․wMK N) wgkÖ
ii) `vg¯Íi I Avw_©K gRywi mgnv‡i ev‡o 57| †KvbwU Drcv`‡bi †g․wjK Dcv`vb?
iii) Avw_©K gRywii †P‡q `vg¯Íi Kg nv‡i ev‡o K) mÂq L) wewb‡qvM M) kÖg N) †fvM
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 58| Drcv`‡bi †Kvb Dcv`vbwU mwµq?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) msMVb
wb‡Pi wPÎvbymv‡i 49 I 50 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 59| ‡`‡ki Kg©ÿg I KvR Ki‡Z B”QzK RbmsL¨v‡K Kx ejv nq?
K) kÖgnvi L) kÖgNbZ¡ M) kÖgmsL¨v N) kÖgkw³
60| ÔkÖwg‡Ki †mevi wewbg‡q †h `vg †Ìqv nq Zv‡KB gRywi ejv
nq|Õ-e³e¨wU Kvi?
K) Aa¨vcK †ebnvg L) †mwjMg¨vb
M) Ii‡j G‡gvm N) †K †K Wz‡qU
61| gvby‡li kvixwiK I gvbwmK cwikÖg hvi wewbg‡q A_© DcvR©b nq
Zv‡K wK e‡j?
49|wP‡Î kÖgevRv‡i fvimvg¨ gRywi I kÖg wb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY h_vµ‡g- K) g~jab L) kÖg M) Rbkw³ N) gRywi
K) 1.1 L) 1.3 M) 2.2 N) 3.3 62|mg‡qi †cÖwÿ‡Z †KvbwU ÿY¯vqx?
50|wP‡Î kÖgevRv‡i †eKviZ¡ wb‡`©kK AÂj †KvbwU? K) kÖg L) g~jab M) f‚wg N) msMVb
K) AE L) EC M) CF N) FA 63| kÖ‡gi •ewkó¨ †KvbwU?
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ K‡iv Ges 51 I 52 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) wbðj Dcv`vb L) kÖg ÿY¯vqx
M) kÖg ¯vqx N) kÖg Pzw³wfwËK

163
64|gRywii mv‡_ kÖ‡gi †hvMv‡bi m¤úK© Kxiƒc? 81|kÖ‡gi µq-weµq nq wK‡mi wfwË‡Z?
K) mggyLx L) wecixZ M) †c․btcyywYK N) ¸wYZK K) Drcv`‡bi wfwË‡Z L) gRywii wfwË‡Z
65| kÖ‡gi gRywi AwaK evo‡j kÖwgK Kx Ki‡e? M) kÖwgK-gvwjK m¤ú‡K©i wfwË‡Z N) `ª‡eï gv‡bi wfwË‡Z
K) †ewk kÖg w`‡e L) GKB kÖg w`‡e 82| kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi mgZvi gva¨‡g Kx wba©vwiZ nq?
M) Kg kÖg w`‡e N) wØ¸Y kÖg w`‡e K) fvimvg¨ gRywi L) fvimvg¨ Avq
66|wgbnvR MZ gv‡m mvZ w`b †eKvi wQj e‡j kÖ‡gi mgqUzKz bó n‡q M) kÖwgK-gvwjK m¤úK© N) Kg©ÿgZv
hvq| Gi KviY Kx? 83| kÖwg‡Ki kÖg`v‡bi ÿgZv wbf©i K‡i g~jZ wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Ici?
K) kÖg weµq‡hvM¨ e‡j L) kÖg ¯vqx e‡j K) Kv‡Ri mg‡qi Ici L) KvR Kivi Abxnvi Ici
M) kÖg ÿY¯vqx N) kÖg n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ e‡j M) KvR Kivi mvg‡_©ï Ici N) gvwj‡Ki Ici
67| kÖg evRvi †Kvb welq‡K †K›`ª K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q? 84| ‡cvkvK Kgx© iwn‡gi KviLvbvi †Kv‡bv KvR fv‡jvfv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi
K) g~jab L) msMVb M) kÖg N) Drcv`b ÿgZv Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv nq?
68| kÖ‡gi †hvMvb`vZv †K? K) kÖ‡gi `ÿZv L) g~jab `ÿZv
K) cwimsL¨vb eyv‡iv L) cwievi M) Drcv`b AÿgZv N) Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î gvbweKZv
M) KviLvbv N) Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb 85| hy³ivóª, Bsj¨vÛ, d«vÝ, Rvgv©wb BZ¨vw` DbœZ †`‡k Drcv`‡bi
69|Drcv`‡bi MwZkxj Dcv`vb †KvbwU? cwigvY I gvb `y‡UvB †ewk nIqvi †cQ‡b †Kvb KviYwU cÖKUfv‡e
K) kÖg L) g~jab M) Rwg N) KviLvbv KvR Ki‡Q?
70| Kx‡mi †hvMvb cwieZ©b mgq mv‡cÿ? K) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb L) kÖ‡gi `ÿZv
K) Pvwn`v L) kÖwgK M) gRywi N) my‡ì nvi M) msMVb N) kÖwgK gvwjK m¤úK©
71|kÖg n‡jv- 86| kÖwg‡Ki Kg©`ÿZv n«vm cvq †Kb?
i) RxešÍ DcKiY ii) ÿY¯vqx iii) MwZkxj K) Aemi †c‡j L) AwaK gRywi †c‡j
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M) wPwKrmv fvZv †c‡j N) DbœwZi m¤¢vebv bv _vK‡j
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 87| kÖwgK Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q Kx DcvR©b K‡i?
72| AeëüZ kÖg wPiZ‡i bó n‡q hvq, KviYÑ K) m¤§vb L) gRywi M) ¯^v”Q›`¨ N) kÖg
i) kÖg ÿY¯vqx ii) kÖg mwµq Dcv`vb 88| kÖ‡gi `ÿZv wbY©‡qi m~Î †KvbwU?
iii) kÖg msiÿY A‡hvM¨ K) W × T L) W÷T M) W+T N) T÷W
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 89| kÖ‡gi `ÿZv wbY©‡qi m~Î †KvbwU?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii Q t TC TR
K) X L  L) E L  M) EL  N) E L 
73| kÖ‡gi •ewkó¨ n‡jv- t Q t Q
i) kÖg ÿY¯vqx 90| iwngv GKwU Mv‡g©›U‡m KvR K‡i Dch©y³ cvwikÖwgK cvq bv| Gi
ii) kÖg mwµq Dcv`vb d‡j †KvbwU nq?
iii) kÖg I kÖwgK Awe‡”Q`¨ K) KvR †ewk K‡i L) Kg©ÿgZv n«vm cvq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M) Kg©ÿgZv e„w× cvq N) RxebhvÎvi e¨q †ewk nq
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 91| Rbve X GKRb `ÿ Drcv`bKgx©, Zvi kÖ‡gi `ÿZv wba©vwiZ nq-
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 74 I 75 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: i) Zvi Kv‡Ri cwigv‡Yi Ici
iwk` wgqv GKwU ‡mvqv wg‡ji cÖavb wgw¯¿| wZwb MZ `yÕgvm hveZ ii) Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï MybMZ gv‡bi Ici
†Kv‡bv KvRB Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv Zvi kvixwiK Amy¯Zvi Kvi‡Y| eZ©gv‡b iii) mvgwMÖK cwi‡e‡ki Dci
wZwb Zvi evwo fvovi Avq †_‡K msmvi cwiPvjbv Ki‡Qb| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
74| iwk` wgqvi †ÿ‡Î eZ©gv‡b kÖ‡gi †Kvb •ewkó¨wU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) kÖg mwµq DcKiY L) kÖ‡gi mPjZv 92|kÖ‡gi evRvi n‡Z cv‡i-
M) kÖwg‡Ki ìKlvKwli ÿgZv N) kÖg ÿY¯vqx
i) AvÂwjK ii) †`kxq iii) AvšÍR©vwZK
75| iwk` wgqvi kÖ‡gi mv‡_ hyw³hy³ Z_¨wU n‡jv-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i) kÖg ÿY¯vqx
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
ii) kÖg RxešÍ DcKiY 93| kÖ‡gi †hvMvb wbf©i K‡i-
iii) kÖg bv w`‡j Zv g~j¨nxb i) RbmsL¨vi AvqZb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii) kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
iii) evRv‡ii `vg¯Íi
76| ¯vbwfwËK kÖgevRvi‡K Kqfv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) 2 fv‡M L) 3 fv‡M M) 4 fv‡M N) 5 fv‡M
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
77| AÂjwfwËK kÖgevRvi Kq cÖKvi?
94| kÖ‡gi `ÿZv n‡”Q-
K) 2 L) 3 M) 5 N) 7
78|kÖgevRvi cÖavbZ Kq cÖKvi? i) kÖwg‡Ki AwaK Drcv`b ÿgZv
K) 2 cÖKvi L) 4 cÖKvi M) 6 cÖKvi N) 7 cÖKvi ii) kÖwg‡Ki KvR Kivi ÿgZv
79| kÖ‡gi †µZv I we‡µZvi evRvi‡K wK e‡j? iii) GKB mg‡q ¸YMZ gvb wVK †i‡L AwaK Drcv`b
K) †kqvi evRvi L) kÖgevRvi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) Dcv`vb evRvi N) g~jab evRvi K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
80| wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Ici kÖ‡gi `ÿZv wbf©i K‡i? 95| miKvi wewfbœ †`‡k mivmwi †jvK †cÖiY K‡i-
K) ag© L) eY© M) wkÿv N) eskghv©`v i) Rbkw³ Kg©ms¯vb I cÖwkÿY ey¨‡ivi gva¨‡g
164
ii) evqqv‡ii gva¨‡g 110| kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv e¨vnZ nq †KvbwU Øviv?
iii) ‡emiKvwi wiµzwUs G‡RwÝi gva¨‡g K) mgfvevcbœ Rjevqy L) g„`y Rjevqy
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M) Dò Rjevqy N) AvaywbK hš¿cvwZ
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 111|evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPvjb eë¯v †Kgb?
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 96 I 97 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) D”Pgvbm¤úbœ L) ÎæwUc~Y© N) AvaywbK N) AZ¨vaywbK
mvjvg I gwbi GKwU d¨v±wi‡Z Kg©iZ| mvjvg wkÿv I cÖwkÿY 112|kÖ‡gi ÿgZv evo‡j kÖwg‡Ki Kx ev‡o?
MÖnY K‡i `ÿZv jvf K‡i‡P| wKš‧ gwbi †Kv‡bv wkÿv I cÖwkÿY K) g~jab L) Pvwn`v M) Drcv`b ÿgZv N) †hvMvb
MÖnY K‡iwb| ZvB Zv‡ì `yR‡bi RxebhvÎvi gvbI wewfbœ ai‡bi| 113| evsjv‡`‡ki kÖgkw³i Ab¨Zg `~e©j w`K ‡KvbwU?
96|gwb‡ii Zzjbvq mvjvg ‡KvbwU †ewk cv‡e? K) ¯^í `ÿZv L) ¯^í gRywi
K) gRywi L) Lvevi M) †cvkvK N) evm¯vb M) DbœZ cwiPvjbv eë¯v N) Kj¨vYg~jK kÖg AvBb
97| Zv‡ì gRywi nv‡ii cv_©‡Kï KviY n‡jv- 114| Kv‡Ri B”Qv e„w×i mv‡_ `ÿZv e„w×i m¤úK© Kxiƒc?
i) •bwZK †hvM¨Zv ii) AvenvIqv iii) `ÿZv K) Kv‡Ri B”Qv < Kv‡Ri `ÿZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? L) Kv‡Ri B”Qv  Kv‡Ri `ÿZv
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii M) Kv‡Ri B”Qv = Kv‡Ri `ÿZv
98| Kxfv‡e kÖwgK `ÿZv AR©b K‡i? N) Kv‡Ri B”Qv  Kv‡Ri `ÿZv
K) cÖwkÿY wb‡q L) AwfÁZv Øviv 115| wb‡Pi †KvbwU kÖwgK‡ì RxebhvÎvi gvb evovi KviY bq?
M) eq‡mi gva¨‡g N) AwaK kÖ‡gi gva¨‡g K) DbœZ evm¯vb L) AvaywbK wkÿv
99|kÖ‡gi `ÿZv Kx‡mi Ici wbf©ikxj? M) DbœZ cÖwkÿY N)cyivZb Drcv`b †K․kj
K) KvR Kivi mvg_©¨ L) Kv‡Ri mgq 116| kÖwgKiv hv‡Z AvaywbK Kjv‡K․kj wkL‡Z cv‡i †mRb¨ Kx Ki‡Z n‡e?
M) Kv‡Ri cwigvY N) Kv‡Ri cwiwa K) AvaywbK I DbœZ hš¿cvwZi eënvi L) we‡`‡k cÖwkÿY
100| Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î AvaywbK hš¿cvwZ eënvi Ki‡j Kx N‡U? M) cyivZb KviLvbv eÜ N) D”P wkÿvi cÖmvi
K) kÖwg‡Ki Drmvn ev‡o L) kÖwg‡Ki Drmvn K‡g 117| kÖwgK‡ì ¯^v_© iÿv‡_© Kx Ki‡Z n‡e?
M) gRywi ev‡o N) kÖwgK AbyrmvwnZ nq K) Kj¨vYg~jK kÖg AvBb L) `gb g~jK AvBb
101|‡KvbwU Øviv kÖwg‡Ki Drcv`b ÿgZv ev‡o? M) kÖwgK msN wbwl× N) kÖwgK ivRbxwZ wbwl×
K) kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv L) c‡`vbœwZ 118| kÖwgK msN †Kgb n‡Z n‡e?
M) msMV‡bi •bcyY¨ N) mvgvwRK wbivcËv K) MVbg~jK L) e¨vL¨v g~jK
102| kÖwg‡ì †`n I gb my¯ _vK‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU evo‡e? M) AKj¨vYg~jK N) kÖwgK‡ì cÖwZ K‡Vvi
K) D‡`¨v³vi g~jab L) kÖ‡gi `ÿZv 119| cwiPvjbv eë¯v †Kgb n‡j kÖwgK‡ì Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AvKl©Y ev‡o?
M) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v N) msMV‡bi g~jab K) myôz I `ÿ L) wek„•Lj I `ÿ
103| kÖwgK‡ì Kv‡R Abxnv m„wói KviY bq †KvbwU? M) kÖwgK‡ì cÖwZ K‡Vvi N) we‡ePK I D`vmxb
K) Kv‡Ri cÖwZK‚j kZv©ewj L) my‡hvM myweavi Afve 120| kÖwgK‡ì Kv‡Ri B”Qv e„w×i Rb¨ evov‡Z n‡e-
M) PvKwii DbœwZi Afve N) AvaywbK wkÿv i) DbœwZi my‡hvM ii) wPËwe‡bv`‡bi eë¯v iii) Kv‡Ri cwigvY
104| we‡k¦i DbœZ †`k¸‡jv‡Z Drcv`‡bi cwigvY I gvb †ewk †Kb? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) D‡`¨³vi A_© L) chv©ß g~ja‡bi Rb¨ K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) kÖ‡gi `ÿZvi Rb¨ N) wkÿvi nvi 121|Kv‡Ri `ÿZv evov‡bvi Rb¨ ìKvi-
105| cwiPvjbv eë¯v †Kgb n‡j kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv e„w× cvq? i) hyw³m½Z †eZb ii) AwaK cwikÖg iii) wPwKrmvi eë¯v
K) Kov †gRvwR L) `„p I iÿYkxj wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) `ÿ I D”Pgvbm¤úbœ N) kvixwiK †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
106| kÖ‡gi `ÿZvi wba©viK †KvbwU? 122|evsjv‡`‡ki kÖwgK‡ì `ÿZv e„w×i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb-
K) Drcv`‡bi cwigvY e„w× L) c‡Yï gvb e„w× i) wkÿv I cÖwkÿY ii) PvKwi‡Z eqm e„w× iii) kÖg Kj¨vY e„w×
M) c‡Yï `vg e„w× N) KviLvbvi DbœZ cwi‡ek wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
107| kÖwg‡Ki Drcv`b ÿgZv ev‡o- K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
i) AvaywbK hš¿cvwZ I miÄv‡g wb‡iP DÏxcKwU co Ges 123 I 124 bs cª‡kœi DËi `vI:
ii) AvaywbK Bgvi‡Z KviLvbv wbgv©Y n‡j m¤úªwZ bvivqYM‡Äi wewfbœ Mv‡g©›Um d¨v±wi‡Z jÿ Kiv hvq bvix
iii) bZzb Drcv`b †K․kj eënvi kÖwgKiv cyiæl kÖwgK n‡Z Kg †eZ‡b KvR Ki‡Q| ZvQvov bvixiv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? †ek K‡qK eQi GKB KvR Ki‡Q| d‡j Zviv w`b w`b nZvkvq
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii wbgw¾Z n‡”Q|
108| kÖ‡gi Pvwn`vi wba©viK- 123| bvivqYM‡Äi bvix kÖwgK‡K cyiæl kÖwgK‡ì mgvb †eZb w`‡j Kx
i) kÖwg‡Ki Drcv`b ÿgZv e„w× cv‡e?
ii) cY¨wUi evRvi `vg K) bvix kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv L) Drcv`‡Ki g~jab
iii) Rjevqy M) cyiæl kÖwg‡Ki Am‡šÍvl N) kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 124| bvivqYM‡Äi GB Ae¯v Pvjy _vK‡j-
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii i) kÖ‡gi `ÿZv evo‡e bv
109|AvwKe Zvi Kv‡Ri Dchy³ cvwikÖwgK cvq bv| G‡Z ‡hwU n‡Z cv‡i- ii) RvZxq Drcv`b Kg n‡e
i) Kg©¯ú„nv n«vm ii) `ÿZv n«vm iii) Kv‡Ri cwigvY e„w× iii) kÖ‡gi ¯vwqZ¡Zv bó n‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
165
125| ‡`‡ki Kg©ÿg I KvR Ki‡Z B”QzK RbmsL¨v‡K wK e‡j? K) 1972 L) 1978 M) 1982 N) 1976
K) RbmsL¨vi nvi L) kÖgkw³ M) kÖgNbZ¡ N) kÖg nvi 142| evsjv‡`‡ki Kg©ms¯vb e„w×i nvi I kÖgkw³ e„w× nvi Gi m¤úK©
126| ‡Kvb Lv‡Z †gvU kªgkw³ mev©waK wb‡qvwRZ? †Kgb?
K) wkí L) K…wl N) †mev N) grm¨ K) Kg©ms¯vb e„w×i nvi > kÖgkw³i e„w×i nvi
127| ‡`‡ki GK cÂgvsk kÖgkw³ †Kvb Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ? L) Kg©ms¯vb e„w×i nvi = kÖgkw³ e„w×i nvi
K) Drcv`b Lv‡Z L) K…wl Lv‡Z M) Kgsms¯vb e„w×i nvi < kÖgkw³ e„w×i nvi
M) wkí Lv‡Z N) cÖvwZôvwbK Lv‡Z N) Kg©ms¯vb e„w×i nvi  kÖgkw³ e„w×i nvi
128| 2022 mv‡j weweGm Gi Rwic Abyhvqx 15 eQi eq‡mi D‡aŸ© 143| evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li cÖavb †ckv Kx?
kÖgkw³i msL¨v KZ? K) K„wl L) wkí M) †mev N) †Ljvayjv
K) 7.34 †KvwU L) 5.67 †KvwU M) 4.67 †KvwU N) 3.67 †KvwU 144| evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨všÍixY kÖgevRv‡i †Kvb ai‡bi kÖwg‡Ki †hvMvb †ewk?
129| ‡gvU kÖgkw³i KZ kZvsk K…wl Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ? K) Avav`ÿ L) `ÿ M) A`ÿ N) cÖhyw³ Ávbm¤úbœ
L) 45.33% L) 50.87% M) 60.53% N) 65.33% 145| eZ©gv‡b G‡`‡ki kÖwgK‡ì †ewki fvM †Kvb †`‡k Kg©iZ?
130| AK…wl Lv‡Z evsjv‡`‡k KZRb kÖwgK wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q? K) Avie AvwgivZ L) Igv‡b M) †m․w` Avi‡e N) gvj‡qwkqvq
K) 155 L) 54.67% M) 65.53% N) 76% 146| evsjv‡`‡k †eKviZ¡ Kg‡Q bv †Kb?
131|‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i †Kvb ai‡bi kÖgevRvi †`Lv hvq? K) kÖgkw³ e„w×i nvi †ewk L) kÖgkw³ e„w×i nvi Kg
K) K…wlwbf©i L) wkíwbf©i M) g~jabwbf©i N) Drcv`b wbf©i M) kÖwgK‡ì `ÿZv Kg N) cyi‡bv cªhyw³i eënvi
132|evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍixY kÖgevRv‡i Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †Kgb? 147| AvšÍR©vwZK kÖgevRv‡i †Kvb ai‡bi kÖwg‡Ki Pvwn`v e„w× †c‡q‡Q?
K) Kg L) AwZ Kg M) †ewk N) mev©waK K) wkwÿZ I `ÿ L) Avav`ÿ M) ‡ckvRxex N) ¯^í `ÿ
133| evsjv‡`‡k kÖgevRv‡i †Kvb welqwU cwijwÿZ nq? 148| kÖg GK¯vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯v‡b ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡j Zv‡K wK e‡j?
K) D”P gRywi L) wb¤œ gRywi K) kÖgkw³ ißvwb L) kÖ‡gi `ÿZv
M) AwaK `ÿZv N) D”P Drcv`b ÿgZv M) kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv N) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v
134|kÖgevRv‡ii Z_¨mg~n _v‡K- 149|IKvjwZ †Q‡o wkÿKZvq Avm‡j kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv n‡e-
i) wewÿßfv‡e ii) Amgwš^Zfv‡e iii) cwic~Y©fv‡e K) †ckvMZ L) ¯ÍiMZ M) †f․‡MvwjKN) wkíMZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 150| wUbv KzwUi wkí †_‡K hš¿ KviLvbvq PvKwi MªnY Ki‡j Zv Kx
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii ai‡bi MwZkxjZv n‡e?
135| kÖgkw³ ej‡Z 15 eQi I Zvi †ewk eq‡mi †m me Rbkw³‡K K) †ckvMZ L) †f․‡MvwjK M) wkíMZ N) ¯ÍiMZ
†evSvq hviv- 151|GKBiƒc †ckv, c`wemn GK cÖwZôvb †_‡K kÖwgK Ab¨ cÖwZôv‡b
i) Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ wb‡qvM jvf Ki‡j Kx ai‡bi MwZkxjZv m„wó nq?
ii) Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ n‡Z B”QzK K) Avbyf‚wgK L) ¯ÍiMZ M) Dj¤^ N) wkíMZ
iii) cwiev‡ii •`bw›`b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ 152| cÖevmx Kj¨vY e¨vsK ¯vcb Kiv nq †Kvb mv‡j?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) 2008 L) 2009 M) 2011 N) 2012
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 153|evsjv‡`‡ki kÖgkw³i •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 136 I 137 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: i) `ÿZvi Afve ii) ¸YMZ gvb DbœZ iii) MwZkxjZvi Afve
ivRy mKv‡j Zvi bvbvi mv‡_ nvuU‡Z †ei n‡j •`wbK evsjv †gv‡o wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†Kv`vj, Szwo BZ¨vw` w`‡q A‡bK †jvK‡K Ry‡ov n‡Z †`‡L, hviv K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wKQz †jv‡Ki mv‡_ ìKlvKwl KiwQ‡jb| ivRy Zvi bvbvi Kv‡Q G 154| A`ÿ kÖwg‡Ki †P‡q `ÿ kÖwgK-
wel‡q RvbvZ PvB‡j Zvi bvbv e‡jb, †Kv`vj, Szwomn Ab¨vb¨ i) Drcv`‡bi cwigvY evovq
DcKiY wb‡q hviv `vuwo‡q Av‡Q Zviv mevB kÖwgK| hviv Zv‡ì mv‡_ ii) Drcv`‡bi LiP evovq
ìKlvKwl Ki‡Q Zviv gnvRb| iii) Drcv`‡bi gvb evovq
136|ivRy mKv‡j nvuU‡Z †ei n‡q †h ¯vbwU †`L‡Z cvq Zv‡K A_©bxwZi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
fvlvq Kx e‡j? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) DcKiY evRvi L) †kqvi evRvi 155|evsjv‡`‡ki kÖwgKiv AvšÍR©vwZK kÖgevRvi nviv‡Z cv‡i-
M) kÖgevRvi N) g~jab evRvi i) •ewk¦K cÖwZ‡hvwMZv e„w×‡Z
137| D³ evRv‡ii cÖKvi‡f` nq- ii) miKvwi bxwZgvjvi Afv‡e
i) †ckvwfwËK ii) `ÿZv wfwËK iii) AÂjwfwËK iii) kÖwgK‡ì `ÿZvi Afv‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
138|wb‡Pi †KvbwU evsjv‡`‡ki kÖgkw³i cÖavb •ewkó¨? 156| kÖgevRvi Dbœq‡b miKv‡ii M„nxZ c`‡ÿc n‡jv-
K) A`ÿ kÖwgK L) D”P Drcv`bkxjZv i) ewnM©gb cÖwµqv AvaywbKvqb
M) MyYMZ gvb e„w× N) kÖwg‡Ki mnRjf¨Zv ii) cÖevmx Kj¨vY e¨vsK ¯vcb
iii) ûwÛi gva¨‡g A_© †cÖiY
139| evsjv‡`‡ki kÖwgK‡ì ¸YMZ gvb wb¤œ †Kb? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) wPwKrmvi Afve L) KvwiMwi Áv‡bi Afve
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) cÖhyw³i Afve N) Rjevqy
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 157 I 158 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
140| evsjv‡`k AvšÍR©vwZK kÖgevRv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i †Kvb mv‡j?
evsjv‡`‡ki gvbbxq ciivóªgš¿x Kz‡q‡Z wM‡q evsjv‡`k ‡_‡K `ÿ
K) 1972 L) 1978 M) 1982 N) 1976
K…lK Avg`vwb Kivi Rb¨ Kz‡qZ miKvi‡K AvnŸvb Rvbvb| wZwb
141|‡`‡ki Rb‡Mvôx wkwÿZ n‡j `ÿZv e„w×i gva¨‡g wb‡Pi †KvbwU N‡U?
Gfv‡e K…lK ißvwb K‡i RvZxq Avq e„w× Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb|
166
157| ciivóªgš¿x Kz‡q‡Z wK m„wó Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb? i) kÖwg‡Ki kvixwiK †hvM¨Zvi Ici
K) kÖgevRvi L) K…wl wecøe M) ißvwb evRvi N) cY¨ evRvi ii) Rjevqyi Ici
158| kÖgevRvi m„wói gva¨‡g ciivóªgš¿xi g~j D‡Ïk¨- iii) RvwZMZ ¸‡Yi Ici
i) RvZxq A_©bxwZ kw³kvjxKiY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii) •e‡`wkK mvnvh¨ e„w×KiY K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
iii) †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb 177| kÖ‡gi †hvMvb `vg wbf©i K‡i-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i) Kv‡Ri cÖK…wZi Ici
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii ii) kÖwg‡Ki RxebhvÎvi gv‡bi Ici
159| kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v wK‡mi Ici wbf©i K‡i? iii) kÖwgK ms‡Ni kw³i Ici
K) `ÿZv L) †hvMvb M) MwZkxjZv N) mÂq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
160| gRywii nv‡ii mv‡_ †KvbwUi m¤úK© mggyLx? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v L) g~jab M) msMVb N) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb ** wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 178 I 179 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
161| kÖ‡gi Pvwn`vi DrcwË nq †Kv_v †_‡K? gRywi kÖ‡gi ‡hvMvb
K) kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv L) kÖwg‡Ki Drcv`bkxjZv 100 UvKv 10 GKK
M) kÖwg‡Ki ÿgZv N) kÖ‡gi ¯vwqZ¡nxbZv 200 UvKv 20 GKK
162|gRywii mv‡_ kÖ‡gi Pvwn`vi m¤úK© Kxiƒc? 300 UvKv 15 GKK
K) wecixZgyLx L) mgvbycvwZK M) AvbycvwZK N) mggyLx 178| DÏxcK n‡Z Aw¼Z kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb n‡e?
163| kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb? K) EaŸ©Mvgx L) wb¤œMvgx M) cðvrMvgx N) m¤§yLMvgx
K) wb¤œMvgx L) EaŸ©Mvgx 179| DÏxcK n‡Z Aw¼Z kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLv Giƒc nIqvi KviY-
M) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj i) kÖ‡gi `vg AwZwi³ e„w× cvIqv
164| kÖ‡gi †hvMvb KqwU wel‡qi Ici wbf©ikxj?
ii) kÖwg‡Ki Avivg- Av‡qk Ki‡Z PvIqv
K) 2wU L) 3wU M) 4wU N) 6wU
iii) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v K‡g hvIqv
w wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

165| DL    Øviv Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
p K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v L) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb 180|mvaviYZ KqwU c×wZ‡Z gRywi wbav©wiZ nq?
M) kÖ‡gi `ÿZv N) kÖ‡gi fvimvg¨ K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
166| gRywi Kg n‡j kÖ‡gi †hvMv‡b Kx ai‡bi cÖfve c‡o? 181| Avw_©K gRywi‡K †KvbwU Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq?
K) K‡g L) ev‡o M) GKB _v‡K N) k~b¨ n‡q c‡o K) W L) M M) L N) K
167| kÖ‡gi †hvMvb evov‡bv hvq Kxfv‡e? 182| Avw_©K gRywi cwigv‡ci GKgvÎ gvcKvwV †KvbwU?
K) D”PZi cÖwkÿY L) kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv K) kÖg L) A_© M) `vg¯Íi N) cÖK…Z gRywi
M) gRywi e„w×i N) kÖgevRv‡ii 183| gRywi Kx?
168| ‡KvbwUi Ici kÖ‡gi †hvMvb wbf©i K‡i? K) kÖ‡gi `vg L) †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©b
K) wkÿv I cÖwkÿY L) kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv M) DcKi‡Yi `vg N) Drcv`b e¨q
M) •`wnK †hvM¨Zv N) AwfÁZv 184|‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q GKRb kÖwgK Zvi Kv‡Ri cvwikÖwgK wn‡m‡e
169|kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v †Kvb ai‡bi Pvwn`v? †h cwigvY A_© cvq Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
K) evRvi Pvwn`v L) D™¢‚Z Pvwn`v K) Avw_©K gRywi L) cÖK…Z gRywi M) kÖ‡gi `vg N) gvwmK gRywi
M) mvgvwRK Pvwn`v N) e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v 185| wb‡Pi †KvbwU `vg¯Íi w`‡q cÖfvweZ nq?
170|hw` DL  25  5w Ges SL  5  5w nq Z‡e fvimvg¨ K) Avw_©K gRywi L) cÖK…Z gRywi M) cÖK…Z †eZb N) Avw_©K †eZb
gRywi KZ? 186| cÖK…Z gRywi †Kvb wel‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i?
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5 K) `vg¯Íi L) cÖwZ‡hvwMZv M) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v N) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb
171| kªwg‡Ki RxebhvÎvi gvb DbœZ n‡j Kx n‡e? 187| cÖK…Z gRywi wbf©i K‡i?
K) kª‡gi †hvMvb `vg KZ L) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb `vg †ewk P W
K) W  P L) W  P M) N)
M) kÖ‡gi `ÿZv Kg N) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v †ewk W P
172|‡KvbwUi Øviv kÖ‡gi †hvMvb ev‡o? 188| `ªe¨mvgMÖx I †mev cÖvwßi Øviv Kx wbY©q Kiv nq?
K) Rb¥nvi e„w× L) Rb¥nvi n«vm K) Avw_©K gRywi L) cÖK…Z gRywi
M) g„Zz¨nvi e„w× N) †gvU Awfevmb M) mgqwfwËK gRywi N) Kg©wfwËK gRywi
173| AwaK cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b g~‡j¨ kÖwg‡Ki gRywi †Kgb n‡e? 189| wb‡Pi †KvbwU A‡_©i gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv nq?
K) AwaK L) Kg M) w¯i N) A‡a©K K) Avw_©K gRywi L) cÖK…Z gRywi
174|Avw_©K gRywi †_‡K Kxfv‡e cÖK…Z gRywi cvIqv hvq? M) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v N) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb
K) `vg¯Íi w`‡q ¸Y K‡i L) `vg¯Íi we‡qvM K‡i
M) `vg¯Íi †hvM w`‡j N) `vg¯Íi w`‡q fvM K‡i 190| GKRb kÖwg‡Ki cÖK…Z Ae¯v Kx‡mi Ici wbf©i K‡i?
175| ‡h cvwikÖwg‡K kÖwgKiv GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY kÖgkw³ †hvMvb w`‡Z K) Avw_©K gRywi L) †gvU gRywi M) cÖK…Z gRywi N) wbU gRywi
ivwR _v‡K Zv‡K Kx e‡j? 191|GKRb kÖwg‡Ki gRywi 3000 UvKv †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 5000 UvKv n‡jv
K) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v L) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb Ges wPwKrmv fvZv 200 UvKv e„w× †c‡j kÖwg‡Ki †KvbwU NU‡e?
M) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb `vg N) wbU kÖg Pvwn`v K) cÖK…Z gRywi n«vm L) `ªe¨g~j¨ n«vm
176| kÖwg‡Ki KvR Kivi ÿgZv wbf©i K‡i- M) cÖK…Z gRywi GKB _vK‡e N) Kj¨vY evo‡e

167
192|Avw_©K gRywi w¯i †i‡L `ªe¨g~j¨ e„w× †c‡j cÖK…Z gRywi Kx n‡e? iii) `vg¯Íi Kg nv‡i e„w× cvq
K) w¯i _vK‡e L) evo‡e M) Kg‡e N) wØ¸Y n‡e wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
193| Kxfv‡e GKRb kÖwg‡Ki RxebhvÎvi gvb cwigvc Kiv hvq? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) Avw_©K gRywi Øviv L) †cvkvK - cwi”Q` DËicÎ 1.L
M) cÖK…Z gRywi Øviv N) KvwqK kÖg Øviv 2.L 3.L 4.M 5.N 6.L
194| GKRb kÖwgK GK gvm K‡i 8000 UvKv gRywi †c‡j, Avw_©K 7.L 8.N 9.N 10.L 11.L
gRywi KZ? 12.M 13.M 14.N 15.M 16.N
K) 1,000 UvKv L) 1,500 UvKv 17.L 18.K 19.N 20.L 21.M
M) 4,500 UvKv N) 8,000 UvKv 22.N 23.M 24.L 25.N 26.L
195|Mo gRywi †KvbwU Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq? 27.M 28.L 29.K 30.K 31.N
32.N 33.L 34.N 35.K 36.N
K) AW L) WR M) TW N) WT
37.M 38.N 39.M 40.M 41.M
w 42.M 43.L 44.M 45.L 46.M

196| SL    GLv‡b, w w¯i †_‡K p Gi gvb evo‡j-
p
47.N 48.L 49.M 50.L 51.L
52.N 53.N 54.M 55.K 56.L
K) kÖwg‡Ki †hvMvb evo‡e L) kÖwg‡Ki Pvwn`v Kg‡e 57.M 58.L 59.N 60.N 61.L
M) kÖwg‡Ki †hvMvb Kg‡e N) kÖwg‡Ki †hvMvb w¯i _vK‡e 62.K 63.L 64.K 65.M 66.M
197| Kg©iZ cÖwZôv‡b kÖwg‡Ki wPwKrmv myweav wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Ask? 67.M 68.L 69.K 70.L 71.N
K) Avw_©K gRywii L) cÖK…Z gRywii 72.K 73.N 74.N 75.N 76.N
M) gvwj‡Ki KZ©‡eï N) ¯^v¯¨‡mevq 77.K 78.K 79.L 80.M 81.L
198| K‡j‡Ri wkÿK‡ì Zzjbvq wek¦we`¨vj‡q wkÿK‡ì cvwikÖwgK 82.K 83.M 84.K 85.L 86.N
†ewk ‡Kb? 87.L 88.L 89.K 90.L 91.L
K) wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zvi Kvi‡Y L) eq‡mi cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y 92.N 93.N 94.N 95.K 96.K
M) †ckvMZ `ÿZvi Kvi‡Y N) cwikÖ‡gi ai‡bi Kvi‡Y 97.L 98.K 99.K 100.K 101.K
199|‡h †ckvq AwZwi³ Av‡qi my‡hvM †ewk †m †ckvq †KvbwU nq? 102.L 103.N 104.M 105.M 106.N
K) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v Kg L) kÖwg‡Ki †hvMvb Kg 107.L 108.L 109.K 110.M 111.L
M) kÖwg‡Ki †hvMvb †ewk N) kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv Kg 112.M 113.K 114.M 115.N 116.K
200| †h †ckvq AwZwi³ Av‡qi my‡hvM Kg †m †ckvq †KvbwU nq? 117.K 118.K 119.K 120.K 121.L
K) gRywi †ewk L) kÖwg‡Ki †hvMvb 122.L 123.K 124.L 125.L 126.L
M) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v †ewk N) kÖwg‡Ki †hvMvb †ewk 127.M 128.K 129.K 130.L 131.K
201| cÖK„Z gRywii Ici wbf©i K‡i- 132.M 133.L 134.K 135.N 136.M
137.N 138.K 139.L 140.N 141.K
i) kÖwg‡Ki RxebhvÎvi gvb
142.M 143.K 144.M 145.K 146.K
ii) A_©‣bwZK Kj¨vY 147.K 148.M 149.K 150.M 151.K
iii) kÖwgK abx bv `wi`ª 152.M 153.L 154.L 155.N 156.K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 157.K 158.L 159.K 160.N 161.L
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 162.K 163.L 164.K 165.K 166.K
** wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 202 I 203bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 167.K 168.L 169.L 170.K 171.L
‡gvL‡jQ mv‡n‡ei gvwmK †eZb 35,000 UvKv| GQvov wZwb evwo 172.K 173.K 174.N 175.M 176.N
fvov eve` 17,500 UvKv, wPwKrmv fvZv 1,000 UvKv, wkÿv mnvqZv 177.N 178.M 179.K 180.K 181.K
fvZv 1,500 UvKv cvb| H mg‡qi Mo `vg ¯Íi 100 UvKv| 182.L 183.K 184.K 185.L 186.K
202| ‡gvL‡jQ mv‡n‡ei cÖK…Z gRywi KZ? 187.N 188.L 189.K 190.M 191.N
K) 700 L) 600 M) 550 N) 300 192.M 193.N 194.N 195.K 196.M
203|‡gvL‡jQ mv‡n‡ei cÖK…Z gRywi e„w× cv‡e hw`- 197.L 198.K 199.M 200.L 201.N
202.N 203.M 204.L 205.M
i) `vg¯Íi I Avw_©K gRywi mgnv‡i ev‡o
ii) Avw_©K gRywii †P‡q `vg¯Íi Kg nv‡i ev‡o cÖ‡dmi †gvt †mvn&ivIqv`x I w`jviv AviRy m¨vi
1| mv¤úªwZKKv‡j we‡`‡k evsjv‡`wk‡ì R‡b¨ me‡P‡q eo kÖgevRvi
iii) `vg¯Íi AcwiewZ©Z †_‡K Avw_©K gRywi ev‡o
†Kv_vq?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) †m․w` Avie L) Igvb M) BDGB ( UAE ) N) wm½vcyi
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
** wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡o 204 I 205bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 2| wb‡Pi †Kvb †`kwU‡Z AZx‡Z evsjv‡`wk‡ì Rb¨ eo kÖgevRvi
Rbve ingvb cÖwZ gv‡m 50,000 UvKv †eZb cvb, 15,000 UvKv _vK‡jI eZ©gvb †bB?
evwo fvov cvb Ges 2,000 UvKv hvZvqvZ fvZv cvb| AvMvgx K) gvj‡qwkqv L) evnivBb M) Kz‡qZ N) hy³ivR¨
A_©eQ‡i Zvi †eZb e„w×i m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q|
204| DÏxcK Abyhvqx Rbve ingv‡bi Avw_©K gRywii cwigvY KZ UvKv? 3| gRywii nv‡ii mv‡_ †KvbwUi m¤úK© wecixZ?
K) 15,000 L) 50,000 M) 65,000 N) 67,000 K) kÖwgK L) msMVb M) g~jab N) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v
205| DÏxcK Abyhvqx, Rbve ingv‡bi AvMvgx eQi †eZb e„w× †c‡j 4| kÖwg‡Ki Kg©ms¯v‡bi mybvg, Kg©cwi‡ek, wb‡qvMKZ©vi fv‡jv AvPiY
cÖK…Z gRywi e„w× cv‡e hw`- wb‡Pi †KvbwUi AšÍf©y³?
i) `vg¯Íi GKB nv‡i e„w× cvq K) Avw_©K gRywi L) cÖK…Z gRywi M) Avw_©K Avq N) cÖK…Z Avq
5| kÖwgK Lye Kg gRywi‡Z KvR Ki‡Z eva¨ nq †Kb?
ii) `vg¯Íi w¯i _v‡K
168
K) kÖ‡gi ÿY¯vwqZ¡ L) ìKlvKwli A`ÿZv wg. kvgïj nK Rbkw³ cÖwkÿY I ißvwb ey¨‡ivi wiµzwUs G‡R‡›Ui
M) gvwjK‡ì gvbwmKZv N) AvB‡bi Afve mb` wb‡q we‡`‡k †jvK †cÖi‡Yi Rb¨ GKwU cÖwkÿY †K›`ª Ly‡j‡Qb|
6| LFS  Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? ‡mLv‡b wZwb wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯v K‡i‡Qb|
22|wg. kvgïj n‡Ki eëmv †Kvb ai‡bi evRv‡ii?
K) Labourer Force Survey L) Labour Force Survey
K) †mevi evRvi L) kÖgevRvi M) Dcv`vb evRvi N) `ªe¨ evRvi
M) Labour Foreign Survey N)Labour Forces System 23|wg. kvgïj n‡Ki eëmv n‡jv-
7| ‡KvbwU kÖ‡gi `ÿZvi m~Î? i) Af¨šÍixY kÖgevRvi ii) AvšÍRv©wZK kÖgevRvi
K) E L  Q / t L) E L  Q  t iii) kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv e„w×‡Z mnvqK
M) E L  Q  t N) E L  Q  t wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
8| Kx‡mi Ici kª‡gi `ÿZv wbf©ikxj?
** wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 24 I 25bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) ag© L) eY© M) eskgh©v`v N) Rjevqy evsjv‡`‡ki ciivóªgš¿x we‡`k md‡i hvb| wZwb evsjv‡`‡k †_‡K
9| ‡gvU kÖgkw³i KZ fvM wkí Lv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ? `ÿ K…lK †bIqvi Rb¨ †`kwUi miKvi‡K AvnŸvb Rvbvb| wZwb wbR
K) GK- Z…Zxqvsk L) GK- PZz_©vsk †`‡ki K…lK we‡`‡k cvwV‡q RvZxq Avq e„w×i †Póv K‡i‡Qb|
M) GK- cÂgvsk N) GK- `kgvsk 24| ciivóªgš¿x we‡`‡k Kx m„wó Ki‡Z Pv‡”Qb?
10|gRywi KZ cÖKvi? K) kÖgevRvi L) kÖwgK M) `ÿ kÖg N) Pvwn`v
K) 2 cÖKvi L) 3 cÖKvi M) 4 cÖKvi N) 5 cÖKvi 25| kÖgevRvi m„wói gva¨‡g ciivóªgš¿xi g~j D‡Ïk¨?
11| kÖ‡gi gRywi Kx Øviv wba©vwiZ nq? i) RvZxq A_©bxwZ kw³kvjx Kiv ii) •e‡`wkK m¤úK© ¯vcb
K) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b ÿgZv L) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM iii) †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb
M) cÖvwšÍK Avq N) cÖvwšÍK e¨q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
12| kÖ‡gi †hvMvb Kxiƒc? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) w¯wZ¯vcK L) Aw¯wZ¯vcK M) AcwieZ©bxq N) ÿY¯vqx ** wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 26 I 27bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
13|cÖK…Z gRywii mv‡_ mvgwMÖK Pvwn`vi †Kvb ai‡bi m¤úK© we`¨gvb? RvwKi mv‡ne 200 UvKv cÖwZ NÈv cvwikÖwg‡K w`‡b 3 NÈv KvR K‡ib|
K) mgag©x L) Nwbô m¤úK© cvwikÖwgK cÖwZ NÈv 300 UvKv nIqvq wZwb w`‡b 5 NÈv KvR K‡ib|
M) wecixZ m¤úK© N) GKgyLx m¤úK© `ÿZv e„w× cvIqvi gvwjK Zvi cvwikÖwgK cÖwZ NÈv 500 UvKv wba©viY
14|evsjv‡`‡ki Af¨šÍixY kÖgevRv‡i kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †Kgb? K‡ib| RvwKi mv‡ne GLb cÖwZw`b 4 NÈv KvR K‡ib|
K) Pvwn`vi †P‡q Kg L) Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq †ewk 26|cÖfvlK †_‡K mnKvix Aa¨vcK n‡j kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv Kx iƒc n‡e?
M) Pvwn`vi mgvb N) Pvwn`vi A‡a©K K) ¯ÍiMZ L) †ckvMZ M) wkÿvMZ N) †f․MvwjK
15|Av‡qi mv‡_ mÂ‡qi m¤úK© Kx? 27| DÏxc‡K RvwKi mv‡n‡ei kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLv n‡e-
K) k~b¨ L) FYvZ¥K M) Amxg N) abvZ¥K K) evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx
16| gRywii mv‡_ kÖ‡gi †hvMv‡bi m¤úK© Kxiƒc? L) evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
K) mggyLx L) wecixZ M) †c․btcywbK N) ¸wYZK M) Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx n‡q evgw`‡K †eu‡K hv‡e
17| ivRb MZ gv‡m mvZ w`b †eKvi wQj e‡j kÖ‡gi mgqUzKz bó n‡q N) Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx n‡q wb‡Pi w`‡K †eu‡K hv‡e
hvq| G KviY Kx? ** wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 28 I 29bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) kÖg ZrÿYvZ bó nq L) kÖg `xN©¯vqx e‡j wg. kwdK GKRb miKvwi Kg©KZ©v| Zvi gvwmK g~j †eZb 30,000
M) kÖg weµq‡hvM¨ e‡j N) kÖg n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ bq e‡j UvKv| GQvov wZwb cÖwZ gv‡m wPwKrmv fvZv 700 UvKv, wkÿv
18|wg. igRvb GKRb `ÿ kÖwgK| Zvui `ÿZv wba©vwiZ n‡e Zvi- mnvqK fvZv 300 UvKv I evwofvov fvZv 15,000 UvKv †c‡Zb|
i) KvR Kivi mvg‡_©ï Ici †c-‡¯‥j 2015 Abyhvqx eZ©gvb Zvui †eZb cÖvq wØ¸Y| G‡Z wZwb
Lye Lywk|
ii) Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï ¸YMZ gv‡bi Ici
28| kwdK mv‡n‡ei Avw_©K gRywi KZ UvKv?
iii) mvgwMÖK cwi‡e‡ki Ici
K) 30,000 UvKv L) 31,000 UvKv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) 45,000 UvKv N) 46,000 UvKv
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
29|kwdK mv‡n‡ei cÖK…Z gRywi e„w× cv‡e, hw`-
19| evsjv‡`‡ki kÖgevRv‡ii A`ÿZvi KviY n‡jv-
i) `vg¯Íi AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K
i) wkÿvi Afve
ii) Avw_©K gRywii b¨vq `vg¯Íi mgnv‡i ev‡o
ii) my¯v‡¯ï Afve
iii) Avw_©K gRywii †P‡q `vg¯Íi Kg nv‡i ev‡o
iii) wb¤œ RxebhvÎvi gvb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
DËicÎ 1.K 2.N 3.N 4.L
20| kª‡gi Pvwn`vi wba©viK-
5.K 6.L 7.K 8.N 9.M
i) kÖwg‡Ki Drcv`b ÿgZv ii) cY¨wUi evRvi `vg iii) Rjevqy
10.K 11.K 12.L 13.N 14.N
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
15.N 16.K 17.K 18.N 19.N
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
21| kÖgevRv‡i fvimvg¨ wba©vwiZ nq- 20.L 21.L 22.L 23.M 24.K
i) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v Øviv ii) kÖ‡gi DØ„Ë Øviv iii) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb Øviv 25.N 26.K 27.K 28.K 29.L
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iYwRZ Kzgvi bv_ m¨vi
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 1| gRywi KZ cÖKvi?
** wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 22 I 23bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5

169
2| Ô‡Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AvKl©Y Zvi Avw_©K DcvR©‡bi Dci wbf©i K‡i bv, wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
eis Zv cÖvß cÖK…Z my‡hvM myweavi Dci wbf©i K‡iÕ- msÁvwU Kvi? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) A¨vWvg w¯§_ L) Aa¨vcK gvk©vj M) iwebmb N) RR© w÷Mjvi ** wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 16 I 17bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
3| ‡h kªg e¯‧RvZ I Ae¯‧RvZ †h †Kv‡bv `ªe¨ ev †mev Drcv`b K‡i LvZ Kg©ms¯’vb I kÖgkw³ ‡jevi †dvm© mv‡f©, 2010
Zv‡K Kx e‡j? Rwic 1995/96 Abymv‡i kÖgkw³
K) AwbcyY kÖg L) kÖ‡gi `ÿZv
wb‡qvwRZ
M) Drcv`bkxj kÖg N) Abyrcv`bkxj kÖg
K…wl 63.2 47.30
4| GKRb wkÿK PvKwi †Q‡o e¨vs‡K Awdmvi c‡` †hvM`vb Ki‡j Zv
Kx ai‡bi MwZkxjZv n‡e? wkí 7.7 17.64
K) †f․MvwjK MwZkxjZv L) †ckvMZ MwZkxjZv
M) wkíMZ MwZkxjZv N) ¯ÍiMZ MwZkxjZv ‡mev 29.1 35.06
5| ‡KvbwU kÖ‡gi `ÿZvi wba©viK bq? 16| DÏxc‡Ki D‡jøwLZ mgq eëav‡b K…wlLv‡Z kÖgkw³i Giƒc
K) KvR Kivi B”Qv L) KvR Kivi ÿgZv cwieZ©‡bi KviY n‡jv:
M) msMV‡bi •bcyY¨ N) gvwj‡Ki Avw_©K Ae¯v
i) kÖwgK‡ì KvwiMwi cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯v Kiv n‡”Q
6| wkí kÖwgK †Kvb ai‡bi kÖgevRv‡i AšÍf©y³ nq?
K) AÂjwfwËK L) †ckvwfwËK M) mgqwfwËK N) Kg©wfwËK ii) bvix Dbœqb I cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb Kiv n‡”Q
7| cÖK…Z gRywi †Kvb wel‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i? iii) kÖwg‡Ki Kg©`ÿZv e„w× cv‡”Q
K) `vg¯Íi L) cÖwZ‡hvwMZv M) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v N) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
W K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
8| SL  f   , GLv‡b P Gi gvb e„w× †c‡j- 17|kÖgkw³ Giƒc cwieZ©‡bi d‡j A_©bxwZ‡Z-
 P i) g~jab `ª‡eï Pvwn`v e„w× †c‡q‡Q-
K) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb Kg‡e L) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb evo‡e
M) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb w¯i _vK‡e N) cÖK…Z gRywi evo‡e ii) wkí Drcv`b e„w× †c‡q‡Q
9| kÖ‡gi •ewkó¨ †KvbwU? iii) kÖwg‡Ki RxebhvÎvi gvb n«vm †c‡q‡Q
K) wbðj Dcv`vb L) kÖg ¯vqx wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) ìKlvKwli ÿgZv †ewk N) RxešÍ Dcv`vb K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
10| cÖfvlK †_‡K mnKvix Aa¨vcK n‡j kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv n‡e- wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 18 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) ¯ÍiMZ L) †ckvMZ M) wkÿvMZ N) †f․MvwjK MÖv‡gi wkwÿZ †Q‡j cjvk XvKv kn‡i X MÖæ‡c PvKwi †cj| 2013
11| kÖ‡gi `ÿZv cwigv‡ci we‡eP¨ welq n‡jvmv‡ji Rvbyqvwi gv‡m Zvi gvwmK †eZb 10,000/- evwo fvov,
i) Drcv`‡bi cwigvY ii) Kv‡Ri mgq iii) cvwikÖwgK wPwKrmv fvZv I Ab¨vb¨ myweav eve` 8,000/- UvKv cvb| †m mgq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Mo g~j¨ ¯Íi wQj 10| 2015 mv‡j Ab¨vb¨ welq w¯i _vK‡jI Zvi
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii evwo fvov e¨q 2,000 UvKv e„w× cvq|
12| kÖ‡gi `ÿZv n‡”Q-
18|2013 mv‡j cjv‡ki cÖK…Z gRywi KZ UvKv?
i) kÖwg‡Ki AwaK Drcv`b ÿgZv
K) 10,000 L) 9,000 M) 1,800 N) 1,000
ii) GKB mg‡q ¸YMZ gvb wVK †i‡L AwaK Drcv`b
19| †eZb I fvZv w¯i Ae¯vq 2015 ‡Z cjv‡ki cÖK…Z gRywi -
iii) kÖwg‡Ki KvR Kivi ÿgZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) Kg‡e L) evo‡e
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii M) w¯i _vK‡e N) Avw_©K gRywii mgvb n‡e
13|Avw_©K gRywi- wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 20 I 21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
i) `vg¯Íi Øviv cÖfvweZ nq ii) mn‡R cwigvc Kiv hvq iv‡mj cÖwZ N›Uvq 100 UvKv gRywi‡Z Kg©iZ kÖwgK| †m •`wbK 6
iii) RxebhvÎv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i N›Uv KvR K‡i Ges 1g eQi †k‡l 48,000 UvKv mÂq Ki‡Z mg_©
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? nq| `ÿZv e„w×‡Z gvwjK Zv‡K bZzb eQi n‡Z cÖwZ N›Uvq 130
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii UvKv gRywi cÖ`v‡bi †NvlYv †`q| G Ae¯vq iv‡mj Av‡iv 2 N›Uv
14| cÖK…Z gRywii g‡a¨ AšÍfy³© n‡e- †ewk KvR Kivi wm×všÍ †bq Ges Gfv‡e 2q eQi †k‡l Zvi †gvU
i) Avw_©K gRywi ii) mšÍv‡bi wkÿv myweav mÂ‡qi cwigvY `vuovq 98,000 UvKv|
iii) †cvkvK cwi”Q` myweav 20| iv‡m‡ji kÖ‡gi †hMvvb †iLvi AvK…wZ n‡e-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) DaŸ©Mvgx L) wb¤œMvgx M) Avbyf~wgK N) Dj¤^
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 21| iv‡m‡ji G ai‡bi e¨w³MZ mÂ‡qi cwigvY e„w×‡Z gyL¨
15| evsjv‡`‡ki kÖgevRvi cwiw¯’wZ wb‡¤œ wP‡Î †`Lvb n‡jv: f‚wgKv iv‡L-
i) g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv e„w×‡Z
ii) g~ja‡bi †hvMvb e„w×‡Z
iii) g~ja‡bi MV‡b
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 22 I 23 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
W wg. X GKwU miKvwi cÖwZôv‡b KvR K‡ib| 2013 mv‡j Zvi gvwmK
evsjv‡`‡ki kÖgevRv‡i gRywi   ZLb- †eZb 20,000 UvKv Ges evwo fvov fvZv eve` 10,000 UvKv
 P cvb| 2013 mv‡ji mvaviY Mo `vg¯Íi wQj 10 UvKv| 2014 mv‡j
i) gRywi n«vm cv‡e Zvi †eZb I fvZvwì †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b bv n‡jI Mo `vg ¯Íi n«vm
ii) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb n«vm cv‡e cvq|
iii) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v n«vm cv‡e
170
22|wg. X Gi cÖK…Z gRywi KZ? 10. ‡Kv‡bv kÖwgK Zvi Avw_©K gRywi w`‡q †h cwigvY `ªe¨ mvgMÖx µq
K) 2000 L) 3000 M) 20000 N) 30000 Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K e‡j-cÖK…Z gRywi|
23| 2014 mv‡j wg. X Gi- 11. ‡Kv‡bv kÖwgK abx ev `wi`ª, Kg ev †ewk gRywi cvq, Zvi wePvi Avw_©K
i) cÖK…Z gRywi evo‡e gRywi Abycv‡Z nq bv, eis cÖK…Z gRywii Abycv‡Z nqÕ-e‡j‡Qb
ii) Avw_©K gRywi evo‡e G¨vWvg w¯§_|
iii) RxebhvÎvi gvb evo‡e 12. wfbœ wfbœ †ckvq wbhy³ kÖwgK‡ì GKBiƒc Kg© ÿgZv I wkÿvMZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? †hvM¨Zv _vKv m‡Ë¡I gRywi nv‡i cv_©K¨ _vK‡j Zv‡K e‡j-gRywii
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii Dj¤^ ZviZg¨|
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 24 I 25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 13. GKB †ckvq wbhy³ kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZvi ZviZ‡gï Kvi‡Y gRywii nv‡ii
A †`‡k Mv‡g©›Um wk‡í A‡b‡KB wewb‡qvM K‡i jvfevb n‡”Qb| cv_©K¨ _vK‡j Zv‡K e‡j-Avbyf~wgK ZviZg¨|
m¤úªwZ G wk‡íi AwaKvi msiÿ‡Y miKvi by¨bZg gRywi wba©viY 14. ÔcÖK…Zc‡ÿ kÖ‡gi ev¯Íe evRvi c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Av`k© g‡Wj n‡Z
K‡i w`‡q‡Qb| hvi d‡j kÖwgK‡ì Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AvMÖn †e‡o‡Q| wePz¨Z Ges Gi d‡j gRywii cv_©K¨ wU‡K _v‡K|Õ e‡j‡Qb-cj
24| DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi A_©eë¯vi Bw½Z cvIqv hvq? m¨vgyj‡qjmb|
K) abZvwš¿K L) wb‡`©kg~jK M) wgkÖ N) Bmjvwg 15. kÖwgKMY wb‡R‡ì ¯^v_© iÿv‡_© †h ¯vqx cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡j Zv‡K
25| A‡b‡KB Mv‡g©›Um wk‡í wewb‡qvM Ki‡Qb, KviY- e‡j-kÖwgK msN|
i) `ÿ kÖwg‡Ki †hvMvb †e‡o‡Q 16. evsjv‡`‡ki kÖwgK ms‡Ni Ae¯v-`ye©j|
ii) Awbqwš¿Z gybvdvi my‡hvM Av‡Q weMZ mv‡j wek¦we`¨vj‡q Avmv fwZ© cwiÿvi
iii) m¤ú‡ì e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv ¯^xK„Z wfwWI K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 26 I 27 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
gRywi (UvKv) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v kÖ‡gi †hvMvb
(kÖg (kÖg
N›Uv) N›Uv)
300 10 6
350 8 8
400 6 12
600 4 10 Abykxjbx cvV-2 (weMZ mv‡j Avmv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖkœ)
26|DÏxc‡K kÖ‡gi fvimvg¨ gRywi KZ UvKv? PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq
K) 300 L) 350 M) 400 N) 6000
1. cÖK…Z gRywi- [CU-D : 21-22]
27| DÏxcK n‡Z kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLv A¼b K‡i Zvi AvK…wZ †Kgb n‡e?
K. Avw_©K gRywi `vg¯Íi L. Avw_©K gRywi `vg¯Íi
K) EaŸ©Mvgx n‡q evgw`‡K cðvrMvgx
L) EaŸ©Mvgx n‡q Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx M. Avw_©K gRywi my‡ì nvi N. Avw_©K gRywi my‡ì nvi
M) evgw`K †_‡K Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx DËi: K, mgvavb: ‡Kv‡bv kÖwgK Zvi kÖ‡gi wewbg‡q wb‡qvMKvix
N) evgw`K †_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx n‡Z ‡h cwigvY `„k¨gvb A_© jvf K‡i Ges †mB A_© w`‡q †h
1.K 2.L 3.M 4.L 5.N 6.L cwigvY cY¨ ev †mev jvf K‡i Ges wb‡qvMKvix n‡Z Avw_©K gRywi
DËicÎ
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7.K 8.K 9.N 10.K 11.K 12.N 13.K e‡j|
14.N 15.K 16.N 17.K 18.M 19.K 20.K Avw_©K gRywi
21.M 22.L 23.L 24.M 25.N 26.L 27.K cÖK…Z gRywi = `vg¯Íi

Zzwg Avgvi (wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© cixÿv)

1. mvaviY A‡_© gRywi-kÖwg‡Ki cvwikÖwgK| ‡kL nvwmbv wek¦we`¨vjq
2. Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e †Kv‡bv kÖwgK Drcv`‡b †h †mevi †hvMvb 01| Avw_©K gRywi w¯’i †_‡K `vg¯Íi evo‡j cÖK…Z gRywi-[SHU: 2018-19]
†`q Zvi `vg‡K e‡j-gRywi| K) n«vm cvq L) e„w× cvq
3. gRywi‡K ÔkÖ‡gi `vgÕ wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb-A_©bxwZwe` †mvjmg¨vb| M) AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K N) cwigvc Kiv hvq bv|
4. ÔPzw³ Abymv‡i wb‡qvM KZ©v kÖwgK‡K kÖ‡gi wewbg‡q †h A_© cÖ`vb K‡i DËi: K
Zv‡K gRywi e‡j|Õ Dw³wU K‡i‡Qb-Aa¨vcK †ebnvg| e¨vL¨v: gRywi‡K cÖavbZ `yÕfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
5. GK w`b ev GK mßv‡n GKRb kÖwg‡Ki †h gRywi †Ìqv nq Zv‡K i) Avw_©K gRywi: †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó GKRb kÖwgK Zvi Kv‡Ri cvwikÖwgK
e‡j-mgqwfwËK gRywi| wn‡m‡e †h cwigvY A_© cvq Zv‡K Avw_©K gRywi e‡j| Avw_©K
6. wbw`©ó cwigvY Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †h gRywi †Ìqv nq Zv‡K e‡j-Kg©wfwËK gRywi‡K w Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
gRywi| ii) cÖK…Z gRywi: kÖwgK Zvi Avw_©K gRywi w`‡q †h cwigvY `ªe¨mvgMÖx I
7. gRywi †Ìqvi c×wZ Abymv‡i gRywi‡K Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq- †mev µq K‡i Ges PvKwi¯j †_‡K †h me Avbylvw½K my‡hvM-myweav
`yBfv‡M| jvf K‡i G`yB‡qi mgwó‡K cÖK…Z gRywi e‡j|
8. mvaviYfv‡e gRywi Kq cÖKvi-2 cÖKvi| W  OA
9. ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cwigvY Kv‡Ri Rb¨ kÖwgK †h cwigvY A_© cvq Zv‡K cÖK…Z gRywi m~Î: Wr  C
e‡j-Avw_©K gRywi| P
GLv‡b, Wr  cÖK…Z gRywi, W  Avw_©K gRywi
171
OA= A‡_©i gva¨‡g Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM-myweav 3. kÖ‡gi `ÿZv Kv‡K e‡j?
C= Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM myweav, hv A_© Øviv cwigvc‡hvM¨ bq| 4. kÖwgK msN Kx?
Avw_©K gRywi w¯i †_‡K `vg¯Íi evo‡j cÖK…Z gRywi n«vm cvq| 5. kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v Kv‡K e‡j?
Avw_©K gRywi w¯i †_‡K `vg¯Íi Kg‡j cÖK…Z gRywi e„w× cvq| 6. kÖ‡gi †hvMvb Kx?
02| kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLvi •ewkó¨ †KvbwU? [SHU: 2018-19] 7. cÖK…Z gRywi Kx?
K) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx 8. gRywi Kv‡K e‡j?
L) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx 9. Kg©wfwËK gRywi Kx?
M) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx Ges Gici cðvrgyLx 10. ÒkÖwgK abx bv `wi`ª, Dchy³ bvwK Abychy³ cvwikÖwgK cvq Zv cÖK…Z
N) evgw`‡K wb¤œMvgx gRywii Abycv‡Z wePvi Ki‡Z nq, Avw_©K gRywi Abycv‡Z bqÓ-
DËi: M Dw³wU Kvi?
e¨vL¨v: kÖ‡gi †hvMvb: GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q wbw`©ó gRywi‡Z †Kv‡bv †`‡k 11. Avw_©K Avq Kx?
†h cwigvY kÖwgK kÖg cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡K kÖ‡gi †hvMvb e‡j| cÖK…Z 12. gRywi Avq Kx?
gRywii mv‡_ kÖ‡gi †hvMv‡bi m¤úK© abvZ¥K ev mggyLx| Avw_©K gRywi Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ
w¯i †_‡K `vg¯Íi n«vm ev †fv³vi µqÿgZv e„w×i gva¨‡g cÖK…Z gRywi 1. kÖg I kÖwgK‡ì Awe‡”Q`¨ ejv nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
†h‡Kv‡bvfv‡e e„w× †c‡j, kÖ‡gi †hvMvbI e„w× cvq| ZvB kÖ‡gi 2. kÖg‡K RxešÍ DcKiY ejv nq †Kb?
†hvMvb‡iLv Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx nq| 3. evsjv‡`wk kÖwgK‡ì gRywii AvšÍRv©wZK kÖg evRv‡i AwaK bq †Kb?
Aa¨vcK Eliot J.Berg-Gi Backward Sloping Labour 4. kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv ej‡Z Kx †evS?
Supply Functions in dual Economic' cÖe‡Ü e¨vL¨v ‡`b †h 5. gRywi kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v‡K Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i?
kÖwgKiv hw` GKwU wbw`©ó gRywi‡ZB mš‧ó _v‡K, Z‡e Zv‡ì †ewk 6. gRywi e„w×‡Z wK me©`v kÖ‡gi †hvMvb ev‡o?
gRywi †`qv n‡j kÖ‡gi †hvMvb K‡g hv‡e| GUv‡K cðvrMvgx kÖ‡gi 7. kÖ‡gi e¨w³MZ †hvMvb †iLv cðvrgyLx nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
†hvMvb †iLv ejv nq| 8. ÒAvw_©K gRywi bq, cÖK…Z gRywii gva¨‡g kÖwg‡Ki cÖK…Z Ae¯v Rvbv
hvqÓ-e¨vL¨v Ki|
kvnRvjvj weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq 9. Ò`vg¯Íi w¯i †_‡K Avw_©K gRywi evo‡j cÖK…Z gRywiI e„w× cvqÓ-
01| aiv hvK, kÖgB GKgvÎ cwieZ©bkxj DcKiY| AwZwi³ GK GKK e¨vL¨v Ki|
kÖg DcKiY e„w× Ki‡j Drcv`‡bi cwigvY 72 †_‡K †e‡o 28 GKK 10. GKB †ckvq gRywi wewfbœ nq †Kb?
nq| hw` †Kv‡bv c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i Drcvw`Z `ªe¨wUi 11. Lwb‡Z wb‡qvwRZ kÖwg‡Ki gRywi †ewk nq †Kb?
weµqg~j¨ 6 UvKv nq, Zvn‡j AwZwi³ GK GKK kÖg DcKi‡Yi 12. kÖwgK msN wK gRywi evov‡Z cv‡i?
cÖvwšÍK ivR¯^ Drcv`b n‡jv|[SUST: 2019-20] 13. ÔkÖwg‡Ki RxebhvÎvi gvb wbav©i‡Y Avw_©K gRywi bq cÖK…Z gRywiB
K) 12 UvKv L) 72 UvKv M) 6 UvKv N) 36 UvKv cÖavb f~wgKv cvjb K‡iÕ- e¨vL¨v Ki|
14. gRywi I Avq GK bq †Kb?
O) cÖvß Z_¨ †_‡K wba©viY Kiv m¤¢e bq
15. gRywi I Avq GKB wKbv e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: N
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
e¨vL¨v: kÖ‡gi †hvMvb AwZwi³ 1 GKK e„w× Ki‡j Drcv`b e„w× cvq 1. iRe Avjx GKRb Mwie K…lK| ¯¿x-mšÍvb, bvwZ-bvZwbmn Zvi
78-72=6 GKK| cªwZ GK‡Ki weµqg~j¨ 6 UvKv| myZivs AvUR‡bi cwievi| cwiev‡i †m GKvB DcvR©bkxj e¨w³| cwiev‡ii
AwZwi³ GK GKK kÖ‡gi cÖvwšÍK ivR¯^ Drcv`b n‡jv 6×6=36 cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z †m KL‡bv A‡bï Rwg‡Z KvR K‡i, KL‡bv evRv‡i
UvKv| gvjvgvj enb K‡i; Avevi KL‡bv KviLvbvq KvR K‡i| Gme Kv‡Ri
gva¨‡g †h Avq nq, Zv w`‡q †Kv‡bv iKg †m Zvi cwiev‡ii •`bw›`b
gvIjvbv fvmvbx weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq cÖ‡qvRb †gUvq|
K. evsjv‡`‡k Kg©ÿg kÖwg‡Ki KZ fvM K…wl‡Z wb‡qvwRZ?
01| cÖK…Z gRywii m~Î †KvbwU? [MUSTU: 2019-20] L. e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
K) w/p L) w+p M) w-p N) p/w M. iRe Avjxi KvR Kivi welqwU A_©bxwZi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. D³ welqwUi ‣ewkó¨mg~n we‡kølY Ki|
DËi: K 2.
h‡kvi weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq

01| kÖ‡gi gRywi Kx Øviv wba©vwiZ nq? [JUST: 2018-19]

K) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b ÿgZv L) cÖvwšÍK Avq
M) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM N) cÖvwšÍK e¨q K. kÖ‡gi †hvMvb Kx?
L. ÒcÖK…Z gRywi A_© Øviv cwigvc‡hvM¨ bqÓ-e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: K M. DÏxc‡K Ô?Õ wPwýZ ¯v‡b Kx em‡e?
e¨vL¨v kÖ‡gi gRywi m¤úwK©Z Z_¨- N. D³ welqwUi cÖKvi‡f` QK AvKv‡i Dc¯vcb Ki|
cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b ÿgZv Øviv kÖ‡gi gRywi wba©vwiZ nq| 3. ‡ivwnbx †ckvq GKRb bvix kÖwgK| Zvi Avw_©K Ae¯v †hgb `ye©j,
kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi wµqv cÖwZwµqvi fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z kÖ‡gi †Zgwb †m A`ÿ e‡j gvwjK cÖvqB Zv‡K VKvq| Avevi †m GKv A‡bK
gRywi wba©vwiZ nq| mgq gvwj‡Ki A‡h․w³K Awbq‡gi weiæ‡× cÖwZev` Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
kÖwg‡Ki kvixwiK I gvbwmK kÖ‡gi cyi®‥vi‡K gRywi ejv nq| †Kbbv gvwjK †h‡Kv‡bv mgq Zv‡K QvuUvB Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB †m A‡bK
mgq Ab¨ kÖwgK‡ì wb‡q gvwj‡Ki weiæ‡× cÖwZev` Ki‡Z Pvq|
Ávbg~jK cÖkœt K. kÖwgKmsN Kx?
1. kÖg Kx? L. kÖwgK msN wK gRywi evov‡Z cv‡i?
2. kÖgevRvi Kx?
172
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †ivwnbxi g‡Zv kÖwgK‡ì ¯^í `ÿZvi KviY
Kx Kx?
N. kÖwgKmsN Kxfv‡e Zv‡ì fv‡Mï cwieZ©b NUv‡Z cv‡i?-e¨vL¨v Ki|
4. ‡iv‡Kqv GKwU Mv‡g©›Um d¨v±wi‡Z KvR K‡i| G Kv‡Ri †Kv‡bv
AwfÁZv bv _vKvq Zvi gvwmK †eZb gvÎ 2500 UvKv| weKí
Kg©ms¯v‡bi my‡hvM †bB weavq eva¨ n‡q †m G KvR Ki‡Q| ZvQvov
GLv‡b Kv‡Ri AbyK~j cwi‡ek †bB e‡j kÖwgK‡ì `ÿZvI Kg|
A_P †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Mv‡g©›Um GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© LvZ|
ZvB G Lv‡Zi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ gRywi e„w×, PvKzwii kZ© Dbœqb,
kÖwgK‡ì wkÿv I cÖwkÿY `vb Ges ¯^v¯¨m¤§Z Kg©cwi‡ek wbwðZ
Kiv AZxe Riæwi| K. kÖ‡gi †hvMvb Kx?
K. kÖ‡gi †hvMvb Kx? L. Avw_©K gRywi I cÖK…Z gRywiii wZbwU cv_©K¨ D‡jøL Ki|
L. kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLv KLb cðvrgyLx nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| M. DÏxc‡Ki ‘A’ wPÎwU Øviv †h welqwU wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|
M.Mv‡g©›U‡mi Kv‡Ri †iv‡Kqvi AbvMÖ‡ni KviY DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K N. wP‡Î wb‡`©wkZ W (kÖ‡gi gRywi) DL (kÖ‡gi Pvwn`vi) ga¨Kvi
wbiƒcY Ki| m¤úK© we‡kølY Ki|
N. evsjv‡`‡ki Mv‡g©›Um kÖwgK‡ì `ÿZv Kxfv‡e e„w× Kiv hvq? 9. ÔAvRv` †dweªKmÕ XvKvi GKwU ißvwbgyLx †cvkvK KviLvbv| Avdmvi
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| Ges Zvi ¯¿x G KviLvbvq PvKwi K‡i| cÖ_g Zviv Kv‡R Lye GKUv
5. wbqvR †gv‡k©` wewkó A_©bxwZwe`| wZwb Af¨šÍixY I AvšÍRv©wZK `ÿ wQj bv| d‡j gRywi Kg †cZ| cieZ©x‡Z `ÿZv e„w× Ges
kÖgevRv‡i wewfbœ mg‡qi cwiw¯wZ wb‡q M‡elYv K‡ib| wZwb M‡elYv miKv‡ii kÖgbxwZi Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì gRywi evo‡Z _v‡K| GB `¤úwZi
K‡i †`‡Lb evsjv‡`‡k †gvU kÖgkw³i cwigvY 6.34 †KvwU| gRywi nvi I kÖ‡gi †hvMvb m~wP wb¤œiƒc:
Ab¨w`‡K cvwK¯Ív‡bi I _vBj¨v‡Ûi kÖgkw³ h_vµ‡g 4.9 †KvwU I gRywi (cÖwZ NÈvq) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb (NÈv)
3.4 †KvwU| wZwb AviI †`‡Lb 1990-941 mgqKv‡j evsjv‡`‡k 25 16
kÖgkw³ e„w× nvi wQj 2.7%| GKB mgqKv‡j _vBj¨v‡Û kÖgkw³ 40 20
e„w×i nvi wQj 1.5%| Zvi M‡elYv djvdj †_‡K cÖgvwYZ nq, 60 24
GKwU †`‡ki A_©bxwZ †m †`‡ki `ÿ kÖgkw³i Ici wbf©i K‡i| 75 20
K. Avw_©K Avq Kx? 100 18
L. cÖK…Z gRywi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
K. kÖg Kx?
M. DÏxc‡Ki wbqvR †gv‡k©‡ì M‡elYvi Av‡jv‡K Af¨šÍixY
L. kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv ej‡Z Kx †evS?
kÖgevRv‡ii •ewkó¨¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Avdmvi `¤úwZi kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLvwU AvuK|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Af¨šÍixY kÖgevRv‡ii `ÿZv e„w×i Dcvqmg~n we‡kølY Ki|
N. Ab¨vb¨ c‡Yi †hvMvb †iLvi mv‡_ kÖ‡gi cÖvß †hvMvb †iLvi GB
6. Rbve ‘M’ GKRb K…lK| c~‡e© wZwb Zvi `yB †Q‡j‡K wb‡q avb Pvl wfbœZvi welqwU Zzwg Kxfv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡e?
Ki‡Zb| m¤úªwZ `vb Pv‡l gybvdv K‡g hvIhvq Zvui GK †Q‡j 10. AvKei Lvb A ‡`‡ki kÖwgK ms‡Ni †bZv| wZwb kÖwgK‡ì Kv‡R
gvj‡qwkqv Mgb K‡i, Ab¨ †Q‡j ¯vbxq GKwU Mv‡g©Ý d¨v±wi‡Z †hvM`v‡bi Ici cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i bv| Z‡e gRywi wbav©i‡Y
†hvM`vb K‡i| kÖgevRvi Dbœq‡b Rbve ‘M’ Gi †`‡ki miKvi wb‡qvMKvixi mv‡_ ìKlvKwl Ki‡Z cv‡ib| MZ 5 eQ‡i †hLv‡b
b~¨bZg gRywi wbav©iY,wkïkÖg wbimiY Ges bvix Dbœqb I cÖwkÿ‡Yi gRywi nvi I kÖ‡gi †hvMvb wb¤œiƒc:
g‡Zv c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i‡Q| gRywi (UvKvq) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb (nvRv‡i)
K. kÖ‡gi `ÿZv Kx? 300 200
L. gRywi e„w×‡Z wK me©`v kÖ‡gi †hvMvb ev‡o? 350 230
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Rbve ‘M’ Gi †Q‡j‡ì kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZvi 400 260
aiY wPwýZ Ki| 450 240
500 210
N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ miKvi KZ…©K M„nxZ c`‡ÿç‡jv evRvi
K. kÖ‡gi `ÿZv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
Dbœq‡b KZUzKz mdj n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
L. `vg¯Íi cÖK…Z gRywi‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i-e¨vL¨v Ki|
7. ‡evqvwjqv MÖv‡gi K…lK ewmi Avjx A‡bï Rwg‡Z KvR K‡i RxweKv
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K A †`‡ki kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLv A¼b Ki|
wbev©n K‡i| wKš‧ K…wl kÖ‡gi g~j¨ Kg nIqvq †m cÖwkÿY wb‡q N. DÏxcK †_‡K cÖvß †hvMvb †iLvi Av‡jv‡K A ‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK
eZ©gv‡b XvKv‡Z GKwU Mv‡g©›U‡m PvKwi wb‡q‡Q| G‡Z Zvi msmv‡ii Ae¯v e¨vL¨v Ki|
m”QjZv wd‡i G‡m‡Q|
K. kÖ‡gi `ÿZv Kx?
L. RbmsL¨v e„w× †c‡j kÖ‡gi gRywi n«vm cvq †Kb? GB Aa¨v‡qi (CQ) wfwWI K¬vm
M. ewmi Avjxi welqwU A_©bxwZ‡Z Kx wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki welqwU cÖKvi‡f` e¨vL¨v Ki|

8. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|

11. wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vIt

173
15. wg. ‘X’ gvwmK 50,000 UvKv gRywi‡Z GKwU †Kv¤úvwb‡Z PvKwi ïiæ
K‡ib| †Kv¤úvwb †_‡K Zv‡K Avi †Kv‡bv my‡hvM-myweav †Ìqv nq bv|
Aciw`‡K ZviB Nwbô eÜz ‘Y’ gvwmK 35,000 UvKv gRywi‡Z Ab¨
GKwU cÖwZôv‡b PvKzwi ïiæ K‡ib| †eZ‡bi evB‡i wZwb evwoi fvov
eve` 10,000 UvKv, wPwKrmv eve` 5,000 UvKv, hvZvqvZ LiP eve`
3,000 UvKv Ges †gvevBj LiP eve` 1,000 UvKvi AwZwi³ myweav
K. Avw_©K gRywi Kx? cvb| D³ mg‡q †`‡ki `vg¯Íi wQj 100 UvKv|
L. kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| K. kÖ‡gi `ÿZv Kv‡K e‡j?
M. DÏxc‡Ki ‘B’ wPÎwU Øviv †h welqwU wb‡`©k K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| L. kÖ‡gi †hvMvb †iLv cðvrMvgx nq KLb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. ‘B’ kÖ‡gi SL ‡iLvwUi gva¨‡g gRywi (W) I kÖ‡gi †hvMv‡bi (SL)
ga¨Kvi †h m¤úK© cÖKvk cvq Zv m~wP I wP‡Îi gva¨‡g we‡kølY Ki| M. wg. ‘Y’ Gi cÖK…Z gRywii cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
12. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki: N. wg. ‘X’ I wg. ‘Y’ Gi cÖvß gRywii g‡a¨ †Kvb gRywi A_©‣bwZK
we‡køl‡Y †Zvgvi wbKU AwaK Zvrch©c~Y© e‡j g‡b nq? we‡kølY Ki|
16. iwgR I ewki GKwU e„nr ‡b․hv‡bi kÖwgK| iwgR BwÄb iæ‡gi `ÿ
kÖwgK| D”P kã I D”P Pv‡ci g‡a¨ Zvi KvR Ki‡Z nq| Zvi gvwmK
gRywi wek nvRvi UvKv| GQvov Zvi evevi, †cvkvK I Zvi cwiev‡ii
evm¯vb I †b․hvb KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU †_‡K †c‡q _v‡K| wKš‧ Zvi Kv‡Ri
K. kÖ‡gi `ÿZv Kx? ai‡Yi Kvi‡Y GKw`‡K ‡hgb ¯^v¯¨ SzuwK A‡bK ‡ewk, Aciw`‡K QzwU
L. ÒAvw_©K gRywi bq , cÖK…Z gRywii gva¨‡g kÖwg‡Ki cÖK…Z Ae¯v GK‡ev‡iB Kg| A_P ewk‡ii †b․hv‡bi Lvevi N‡ii ‣`wbKwfwËK
Rvbv hvqÓ-e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki kÖgevRv‡i Kxfv‡e fvimvg¨ gRywi wbav©wiZ nq-e¨vL¨v Ki| GKRb A¯vqx Kg©Pvix nIqvq Kv‡Ri w`b¸‡jv‡Z ‣`wbK `yBk UvKv
N. 50 I 150 UvKv gRywi‡Z kÖgevRv‡i Kxiƒc cwiw¯wZi m„wó n‡e? gRywi I wb‡Ri Lvevi †c‡q _v‡K|
hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki| K. kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v Kv‡K e‡j?
13. fvby †P․ayix GKwU K‡j‡Ri A_©bxwZ wefv‡M cÖfvlK| wZwb GKw`b
L. `vg¯Íi w¯i †_‡K Avw_©K gRywi evo‡j cÖK…Z gRywiI e„w× cvq-
K¬v‡m kÖ‡gi gRywi wbav©iY wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb,
kÖgevRv‡i gRywi wbav©iY GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| KviY Drcv`bKvix Kx e¨vL¨v Ki|
cwigvY kÖwgK wb‡qvM Ki‡e Ges kÖwgKiv KvR Ki‡Z KZUzKz AvMÖnx M. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ iwg‡Ri cÖK…Z gRywi †ÿÎ¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki|
Zv wbf©i K‡i gRywii Ici| wZwb e‡jb, mwVK gRywi wbav©i‡Yi Ici N. iwgR I ewk‡ii Avw_©K Ges cÖK…Z gRywii GKwU Zzjbvg~jK
Drcv`bKvix cÖwZôvb I kÖwg‡Ki mvwe©K Kj¨vY wbf©i K‡i|
K. cÖK…Z gRywi Kx? we‡kølY Ki|
L. kÖ‡gi †hvMvb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 17. Kvgvj mv‡ne gvwmK 20,000 UvKv gRywi‡Z GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi PvKwi‡Z
M. DÏxc‡Ki fvby †P․ayix K¬v‡m †h welqwU wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib Zv †hvM`vb K‡ib| Gi evB‡i wZwb Avi †Kv‡bv my‡hvM-myweav cvb bv| wKš‧
e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. D³ welqwU wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki Zvi eÜz Rvgvj mv‡ne gvwmK 15,000 UvKv gRywi‡Z c‡i GKwU
14. Ôiƒcmx evsjv d¨vkb nvDRÕ GKwU kZKiv ißvwbgyLx kÖwgKevÜe cÖwZôv‡bi PvKwi‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib| †eZ‡bi cvkvcvwk Rvgvj mv‡ne
Mv‡g©›Um KviLvbv| cÖwZôvbwU RbcÖwZ kÖwgK‡ì‡K •`wbK 200 UvKv cÖwZ gv‡m evwoi fvov eve` 4,000 UvKv, wPwKrmv e¨q eve` 2,000
gRywi w`‡j Zviv 8NÈv KvR K‡i| gRywi e„w× K‡i •`wbK 300 UvKv
UvKv Ges wkÿv mnvqK fvZv eve` 1,000 UvKvi AwZwi³ myweav cvb|
w`‡j kÖwgKiv KvR K‡i 10 NÈv| gRywi AviI e„w× K‡i •`wbK
RbcÖwZ 400 UvKv w`‡j ZLb kÖwg‡Kiv KvR K‡i 8 NÈv Ges ZLb H mg‡q †`‡ki `vg¯Íi 50 UvKv|
cwiev‡ii wcQ‡b AwaK mgq e¨q K‡i| cÖwZôvbwU kÖwgK‡ì‡K eQ‡i K. kÖg Kx?
2wU Drme †evbvm, evwl©K gybvdvi wbw`©ó Ask cÖ`vb, DbœZ cÖwkÿY, L. gRywi I Avq GKB wKbv e¨vL¨v Ki|
evwl©K 15w`b ågY I QzwU cÖ`vb K‡i| wKš‧ Zvi cv‡ki Ô‡Rgm
d¨vkbÕ KviLvbvq †KejgvÎ gRywi‡ZB kÖwgK‡ì‡K KvR Ki‡Z nq| M. Rvgvj mv‡n‡ei cÖK…Z gRywi wbY©q Ki|
K. cÖK…Z gRywi ej‡Z Kx †evS? N. AvIZv, wnmve Kiv, bxwZwbav©iY I A_©‣bwZK Zvrc‡h©i †cÖwÿ‡Z
L. gRywi kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v‡K Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i? Kvgvj mv‡ne I Rvgvj mv‡n‡ei gRywii g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ Ôiƒcmx evsjvÕ KviLvbvi kÖ‡gi †hvMvb‡iLv A¼b Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ KviLvbv¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †KvbwU‡Z kÖwgK‡ì
RxebhvÎvi gvb DbœZi Ges †Kb?

174
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-5 (Set-A)
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. iRe Avjx GKRb Mwie K…lK| ¯¿x-mšÍvb, bvwZ-bvZwbmn Zvi 2. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|
AvUR‡bi cwievi| cwiev‡i †m GKvB DcvR©bkxj e¨w³| cwiev‡ii
cÖ‡qvRb †gUv‡Z †m KL‡bv A‡bï Rwg‡Z KvR K‡i, KL‡bv evRv‡i
gvjvgvj enb K‡i; Avevi KL‡bv KviLvbvq KvR K‡i| Gme Kv‡Ri
gva¨‡g †h Avq nq, Zv w`‡q †Kv‡bv †m Zvi cwiev‡ii •`bw›`b
cÖ‡qvRb †gUvq| K. kÖ‡gi †hvMvb Kx? 1
K. evsjv‡`‡k Kg©ÿg kÖwg‡Ki KZ fvM K…wl‡Z wb‡qvwRZ? 1 L. Avw_©K gRywi I cÖK…Z gRywii wZbwU cv_©K¨ D‡jøL Ki| 2
L. e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ‘A’ wPÎwU Øviv †h welqwU wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
M. iRe Avjxi KvR Kivi welqwU A_©bxwZi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. wP‡Î wb‡`©wkZ W (kÖ‡gi gRywi) DL (kÖ‡gi Pvwn`vi) ga¨Kvi m¤úK©
N. D³ welqwUi ‣ewkô¨mg~n we‡kølY Ki| 4
we‡kølY Ki| 4
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt
1| cÖK…Z gRywi wbY©‡qi m~Î †KvbwU? 8| kÖ‡gi Pvwn`vi wba©viK-
K) W  P L) W  P M) P  W N) W  P i) kÖwg‡Ki Drcv`b ÿgZv
2| kÖ‡gi `ÿZvi m~Î †KvbwU? ii) cY¨wUi evRvi `vg
mgq Drcv`‡bi cwigvY iii) Rjevqy
K) Drcv`‡bi cwigvY L) mgq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
DcKi‡Yi cwigvY DcKi‡Yi cwigvY K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) Drcv`‡bi cwigvY N) mgq 9| cÖK…Z gRywi e„w× cv‡e hw`-
 wb‡Pi wP‡Î j‡ÿ¨ K‡iv Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: i) `vg¯Íi n«vm cvq
ii) Avw©_©K gRywi I `vg¯Íi mgnv‡i ev‡o
iii) Avw_©K gRywii †P‡q `vg¯Íi Kg nv‡i ev‡o
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
10| Kv‡Ri `ÿZv evov‡bvi Rb¨ ìKvi-
i) hyw³m½Z †eZb
ii) AwaK cwikÖg
iii) wPwKrmvi eë¯v
3| †`kwUi kÖgevRv‡ii fvimvg¨ we›`y †KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) K we›`y L) L we›`y M) E we›`y N) N we›`y K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
W 11| kÖ ‡ gi Pvwn`v wK‡mi Ici wbf© i K‡i?
4|  2 gRywi nv‡i- K) `ÿZv L) †hvMvb M) MwZkxjZv N) mÂq
 P 12| Avw_©K gRywi †_‡K Kxfv‡e cÖK…Z gRywi cvIqv hvq?
i) kÖ‡gi NvUwZ †`Lv w`‡e
K) `vg¯Íi w`‡q ¸Y K‡i L) `vg¯Íi we‡qvM K‡i
ii) †eKviZ¡ m„wó n‡e M) `vg¯Íi †hvM w`‡j N) `vg¯Íi w`‡q fvM K‡i
iii) cÖK…Z gRywi n«vm cv‡e
w
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

13| SL    GLv‡b, w w¯i †_‡K p Gi gvb evo‡j-
p
5| kÖ‡gi Pvwn`vi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK? K) kÖwg‡Ki †hvMvb evo‡e L) kÖwg‡Ki Pvwn`v Kg‡e
K) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v cwievi †_‡K Av‡m M) kÖwg‡Ki †hvMvb Kg‡e N) kÖwg‡Ki †hvMvb w¯i _vK‡e
L) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v †iLv DaŸ©Mvgx 14| K‡j‡Ri wkÿK‡ì Zzjbvq wek¦we`¨vj‡q wkÿK‡ì cvwikÖwgK †ewk ‡Kb?
M) kª‡gi Pvwn`vi mv‡_ cÖK…Z gRywii m¤úK© wecixZ K) wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zvi Kvi‡Y L) eq‡mi cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y
N) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v‡K ( W / p) L Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq M) †ckvMZ `ÿZvi Kvi‡Y N) cwikÖ‡gi ai‡bi Kvi‡Y
6| kÖ‡gi µq-weµq nq wK‡mi wfwË‡Z? 15| kÖ g ‡K RxešÍ DcKiY ejv nq †Kb?
K) Drcv`‡bi wfwË‡Z L) gRywii wfwË‡Z K) kÖg‡K msiÿY Kiv hvq e‡j
M) kÖwgK-gvwjK m¤ú‡K©i wfwË‡Z N) `ª‡eï gv‡bi wfwË‡Z L) ‡KejgvÎ Kg©iZ Ae¯vqB kÖ‡gi Aw¯ÍZ¡ _v‡K
7| ‡`‡ki Kg©ÿg I KvR Ki‡Z B”QzK RbmsL¨v‡K wK e‡j? M) kÖg gvbem„ó Dcv`vb e‡j
K) RbmsL¨vi nvi L) kÖgkw³ M) kÖgNbZ¡ N) kÖg nvi N) kÖg Awebk¦i e‡j

175
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-5 (Set-B)
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. 2. Rbve ‘M’ GKRb K…lK| c~‡e© wZwb Zvi `yB †Q‡j‡K wb‡q avb Pvl
Ki‡Zb| m¤úªwZ avb Pv‡l gybvdv K‡g hvIqvB Zvui GK †Q‡j
gvj‡qwkqv Mgb K‡i, Ab¨ †Q‡j ¯vbxq GKwU Mv‡g©›Um d¨v±wi‡Z
†hvM`vb K‡i| kÖgevRvi Dbœq‡b Rbve ‘M’ Gi †`‡ki miKvi
b~¨bZg gRywi wbav©iY,wkïkÖg wbimY Ges bvix Dbœqb I cÖwkÿ‡Yi
K. kÖ‡gi †hvMvb Kx? 1 g‡Zv c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i‡Q|
L. ÒcÖK…Z gRywi A_© Øviv cwigvc‡hvM¨ bqÓ-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 K. kÖ‡gi `ÿZv Kx? 1
L. gRywi e„w×‡Z wK me©`v kÖ‡gi †hvMvb ev‡o? 2
M. DÏxc‡K Ô?Õ wPwýZ ¯v‡b Kx em‡e? 3
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Rbve ‘M’ Gi †Q‡j‡ì kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZvi
N. D³ welqwUi cÖKvi‡f` QK AvKv‡i Dc¯vcb Ki| 4 aiY wPwýZ Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ miKvi KZ…©K M„nxZ c`‡ÿç‡jv evRvi
Dbœq‡b KZUzKz mdj n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt
1| ‡KvbwU Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY? 6| gRywii mv‡_ kÖ‡gi †hvMv‡bi m¤úK© Kxiƒc?
K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) msMVb K) mggyLx L) wecixZ M) †c․btcyywbK N) ¸wYZK
W 7| ¯vbwfwËK kÖgevRvi‡K Kqfv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q?
2| Kx wb‡`©k K‡i? K) 2 fv‡M L) 3 fv‡M M) 4 fv‡M N) 5 fv‡M
P
K) Avw_©K gRywi L) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb 8| kÖ‡gi `ÿZv wbY©‡qi m~Î †KvbwU?
M) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v N) cÖK…Z gRywi Q t TC TR
K) X L  L) E L  M) E L  N) E L 
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ K‡iv Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: t Q t Q
wb‡¤œ GKwU kÖgevRvi Gi Pvwn`v I †hvMvb wb¤œiƒc: 9| cwiPvjbv eë¯v †Kgb n‡j kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv e„w× cvq?
K) Kov †gRvwR L) `„p I iÿYkxj
M) `ÿ I D”Pgvbm¤úbœ N) kvixwiK †hvM¨Zvm¤úbœ
10| Kv‡Ri B”Qv e„w×i mv‡_ `ÿZv e„w×i m¤úK© Kxiƒc?
K) Kv‡Ri B”Qv < Kv‡Ri `ÿZv L) Kv‡Ri B”Qv < Kv‡Ri `ÿZv
M) Kv‡Ri B”Qv = Kv‡Ri `ÿZv N) Kv‡Ri B”Qv  Kv‡Ri `ÿZv
11| evsjv‡`‡k †eKviZ¡ Kg‡Q bv †Kb?
K) kÖgkw³ e„w×i nvi †ewk L) kÖgkw³ e„w×i nvi Kg
M) kÖwgK‡ì `ÿZv Kg N) cyi‡bv cªhyw³i eënvi
3| DÏxc‡K cÖ`wk©Z kÖgevRv‡i fvimvg¨ gRywi I fvimvg¨ wb‡qv‡Mi 12| wgbv KzwUi wkí †_‡K hš¿ KviLvbvq PvKwi MªnY Ki‡j Zv Kx ai‡bi
cwigvY n‡jv h_vµ‡g- MwZkxjZv n‡e?
K) (15,10) L) (10,20) M) (5,10) N) (5,20) K) †ckvMZ L) †f․‡MvwjK
4| `vg¯Íi w¯i †i‡L kÖgevRv‡i gRywi 10 UvKv n‡Z n«vm †c‡q 5 UvKv M) wkíMZ N) ¯ÍiMZ
n‡j- 13| GKRb kÖwg‡Ki gRywi 3000 UvKv †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 5000 UvKv
i) kÖ‡gi NvUwZ †`Lv w`‡e n‡jv Ges wPwKrmv fvZv 200 UvKv e„w× †c‡j kÖwg‡Ki †KvbwU
ii) kÖwg‡Ki RxebhvÎvi gvb n«vm cv‡e NU‡e?
iii) cÖK…Z gRywi e„w× cv‡e K) cÖK…Z gRywi n«vm L) `ªe¨g~j¨ n«vm
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M) cÖ KZ
… gRy wi GKB _vK‡e N) Kj¨vY evo‡e
14| cÖK…Z gRywi wbf©i K‡i?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
5| cÖK…Z gRywi wbf©i K‡i hvi Ici- P W
K) W  P L) W  P M) N)
i) Avw_©K gRywi W P
ii) `vg¯Íi w
iii) Kv‡Ri mgq
p

15| DL    Øviv Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v L) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) kÖ‡gi `ÿZv N) kÖ‡gi fvimvg¨

176
m„Rbkxj As‡ki mv‡Rkb
cÖ‡qvMg~jK GKwU †`‡ki mÂq Kxfv‡e g~ja‡b iƒcvšÍwiZ nq Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|
g~jab MV‡bi cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki|
g~jab MVb e„w×‡Z miKv‡ii M„nxZ c`‡ÿc e¨vL¨v Ki|
Drcv`b e„w×‡Z g~ja‡bi f‚wgKv we‡kølY Ki|
g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZvi Ici cÖfve we¯ÍviKvix Dcv`vbmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki|
D”PZi g~ja‡bi †kÖwYwefvM we‡kølY Ki|
`ÿZvg~jK Kxfv‡e g~jab MwVZ nq?
¯vqx I PjwZ g~ja‡bi aviYv we‡kølY Ki|
Dbœqbkxj †`‡k g~jab MV‡bi †ÿ‡Î mgm¨v we‡kølY Ki|
Dbœq‡bi MwZkxjZvi Av‡jvPbv Ki|

 f~wgKv t g~jab Drcv`‡bi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb| K…wl, wkí, LwbR cÖf…wZ A_©bxwZi mKj †ÿ‡ÎB g~ja‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg| we‡kl K‡i
wkí‡ÿ‡Î g~ja‡bi ¸iæZ¡ mev©waK| AvaywbK RM‡Z e„n`vqZb wk‡íi cÖmv‡ii mv‡_ mv‡_ g~ja‡bi ¸iæZ¡ w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q| †Kv‡bvwKQz
Drcv`‡bi Ki‡Z n‡j g~ja‡bi GKvšÍ cÖ‡qvRb| f~wg mxgve× nIqvq µgea©gvb RbmsL¨vi Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e„w× cv‡”Q|
 g~jab t gvbyl †hme Drcvw`Z m¤ú` eZ©gv‡b †fvM bv K‡i AwaKZi Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cybivq Drcv`b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ K‡i, Zv‡K g~jab ejv nq|
A_©bxwZwe` P¨vcg¨vb e‡jb, Ò‡h m¤ú` †Kv‡bv Avq m„wó K‡i A_ev DcvR©‡b mnvqZv K‡i ZvB g~jab| eg-IqvK© Gi g‡Z, g~jab n‡jv
Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb|
 g~ja‡bi •ewkó¨ t
 †fvM e„w× K‡i  g~jab mÂq n‡Z D™¢~Z  Kg©ms¯vb m„wó  g~jab A¯vqx
 g~jab Drcv`bkxj  g~jab AZxZ kÖ‡gi dj  g~jab A‡cÿvK…Z MwZkxj  g~jab fwel¨r Av‡qi Drm
 g~jab Zyjbvg~jKfv‡e †ewk ¯vqx  g~jab Drcv`‡bi wbw®…q DcKiY  Drcv`b LiP we`¨gvb  Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb
 g~ja‡bi cÖKvi‡f`

g~jab‡K Drcv`‡bi Z…Zxq Dcv`vb ejv nq| g~jab Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb| g~jab‡K K‡qK ‡kÖwY‡Z wef³ Kiv hvq| †hgb- (K) ¯vwq‡Z¡i
wfwË‡Z g~jab, (L) gvwjKvbvi wfwË‡Z g~jab I (M) e¨env‡ii wfwË‡Z g~jab| g~ja‡bi cÖKvi‡f` wb‡¤œv³ wP‡Î Dc¯vcb Kiv n‡jv-

177
 ¯’vwq‡Z¡i wfwË‡Z g~jab:
1. ¯’vqx g~jab: †h g~jab Drcv`b Kv‡R eûw`b a‡i eënvi Kiv hvq, Zv‡K ¯vqx g~jab ejv nq| Drcv`b Kv‡R eëüZ G ai‡bi g~jab GKevi
eënv‡iB †kl nq bv| G g~jab‡K w¯wZ¯vcK g~jab ejv nq| †hgb-hš¿cvwZ, KjKviLvbv, ¸`vgNi, evwo BZ¨vw` ¯vqx g~jab| ¯vqx g~jab
Drcv`b Kv‡R eûevi eënvi Kiv hvq|
2. PjwZ g~jab: †h g~jab Drcv`b Kv‡R GKevi gvÎ eënvi Ki‡jB wbt‡kl n‡h hvq, Zv‡K PjwZ g~jab ejv nq| †hgb-KvV, cvV, Zzjv, Kqjv
BZ¨vw` PjwZ g~ja‡bi AšÍM©Z| Kqjv, cvUKvwV, KvV BZ¨vw` R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv n‡j GKeviB †cvov‡bv hvq| Zzjv Øviv hw` myZv •Zwi Kiv
nq Z‡e Zzjvi Aw¯ÍZ¡B _v‡K bv|
 gvwjKvbvi wfwË‡Z g~jab :
 e¨w³MZ g~jab: †h g~jab †Kv‡bv e¨w³we‡k‡li gvwjKvbvq _v‡K, Zv‡K e¨w³MZ g~jab ejv nq| †hgb-KjKviLvbv, evwoNi, †kqvi BZ¨vw`
e¨w³MZ g~ja‡bi AšÍM©Z| GQvov e¨w³ ev e¨w³MZ cÖwZôv‡bi mybvg e¨w³MZ g~jab wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z|
 RvZxq g~jab: ‡h g~jab ivóªxq gvwjKvbvq _v‡K, Zv‡K RvZxq g~jab e‡j| †hgb- e¨vsK I wegv cÖwZôvb, fvix wkí, †ijI‡q, wegvb BZ¨vw`
RvZxq g~ja‡bi AšÍM©Z| Z‡e miKvwi I †emiKvwi mdj g~jab‡K GK‡Î RvZxq g~ja‡bi g‡a¨ aiv nq|
 AvšÍRv©wZK g~jab: A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi ¯^v‡_© c„w_exi ¯^vaxb ivóªmg~n hy³fv‡e g~jab msMÖn K‡i Gme cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K| †hgb-
wek¦e¨vsK, AvšÍRv©wZK gy`ªv Znwej (IMF) BZ¨vw`|
 eënv‡ii wfwË‡Z g~jab:
 †fvM g~jab: †h g~jab Drcv`b PjvKv‡j Drcv`b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ kÖwg‡Ki fiY‡cvlY I RxebhvÎvi e¨q wbev©‡ni Rb¨ eënvi Kiv nq, Zv‡K
†fvM¨ g~jab ejv nq| †hgb- kÖwg‡Ki Lv`¨, e¯¿, evm¯vb cÖf…wZ †fvM g~ja‡bi AšÍM©Z|
 Drcv`b g~jab: †h g~jab Drcv`b Kv‡Ri cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e mnvqZv K‡i, Zv‡K Drcv`b g~jab e‡j| †hgb- KjKviLvbv, hš¿cvwZ, KvuPvgvj BZ¨vw`
Drcv`b g~ja‡bi AšÍM©Z|
 wbg¾gvb g~jab: †h g~jab GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi Drcv`‡bi Kv‡R eënvi Kiv nq Zv‡K wbg¾gvb g~jab ejv nq| ‡hgb- †ij BwÄb, †jvnv
Mjv‡bvi Pzwjø, eybb hš¿ BZ¨vw` wbg¾gvb g~ja‡bi AšÍM©Z|
 fvmgvb g~jab: †h g~jab wewfbœ Drcv`b Kv‡R A_v©r GKvwaK Drcv`b Kv‡R eëüZ nq †hgb- GKwU wkí †_‡K Ab¨ wk‡í ¯vbvšÍwiZ Kiv
hvq, Zv‡K fvmgvb g~jab ejv nq| †hgb- Kqjv, we`y¨r KvuPvgvj BZ¨vw` fvmgvb g~ja‡bi AšÍM©Z|
 N~Y©vqgvb g~jab: Drcv`b Kv‡R eëüZ †h g~jab Øviv KvuPvgvj µq Kiv nq Zv‡K N~Y©vqgvb g~jab e‡j |
 Zvij¨ ev A_© g~jab: G ai‡bi g~jab g~jabx `ªe¨ µ‡q eënvi n‡q _v‡K|

 g~ja‡bi Kvhv©ewj:
 cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì c~Y© eënvi  kÖ‡gi `ÿZv e„w×  Drcv`b e„w×  Drcv`b e¨q n«vm
 K…wli AvaywbKxKiY  mvgvwRK Kj¨vY m„wó  Kg©ms¯vb m„wó  e„n`vqZb Drcv`b
 hš¿cvwZi †hvMvb m„wó  RxebhvÎvi gv‡bvbœqb
 g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv: g~ja‡bi ¯vbvšÍi‡K eySvq|
 g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZvi wbY©vqKmg~n:
 F‡Yi cwigvY  F‡Yi D‡Ïk¨  wewb‡qv‡Mi my‡hvM-myweav  wewb‡qv‡Mi cwi‡ek
 wewfbœ eënvi  F‡Yi †gqv`  g~ja‡bi mPjZv  evRv‡ii Am¤ú~Y©Zv
 miKvi Av‡ivwcZ Ki  miKvi M„nxZ Avw_©K I my`bxwZ

GB Aa¨v‡qi wfwWI K¬vm

†c‡Z Avgv‡K e¨envi Ki|

 g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZvi cÖKvi‡f` :

178
 ‡f․‡MvwjK MwZkxjZv: g~ja‡bi ¯vbvšÍi n‡jv g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv| g~ja‡bi G ¯vbvšÍi ¯vbMZ ev †f․‡MvwjK n‡j ‡mB MwZkxjZv‡K †f․‡MvwjK
MwZkxjZv e‡j| †f․‡MvwjK MwZkxjZv `yB cÖKvi| h_v- K. Af¨šÍixY MwZkxjZv I L. AvšÍRv©wZK MwZkxjZv|
 Af¨šÍixY MwZkxjZv: GKwU †`‡ki †f․‡MvwjK mxgvbvi g‡a¨ GK AÂj ev wefvM ev kni †_‡K Ab¨ AÂj ev wefvM ev kn‡i g~jab ¯vbvšÍwiZ
n‡Z cv‡i| g~ja‡bi Giƒc ¯vbvšÍi‡K g~ja‡bi Af¨šÍixY MwZkxjZv e‡j| †hgb-Rbve mvÏvg mv‡ne Zvi wewb‡qvMK…Z g~jab XvKv †_‡K Zvi wbR
†Rjv wSbvB`‡n ¯vbvšÍi Ki‡jb, hv g~ja‡bi Af¨šÍixY MwZkxjZv wb‡`©k K‡i|
 AvšÍRv©wZK MwZkxjZv: †Kv‡bv †`‡ki we`¨gvb g~jab Zvi †f․‡MvwjK mxgvbvi evB‡i ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡Z cv‡i| g~ja‡bi Giƒc ¯vbvšÍi g~ja‡bi
AvšÍRv©wZK MwZkxjZv e‡j| †hgb- Rbve wmnve mv‡ne Rvcv‡b emevmiZ evsjv‡`wk bvMwiK| †m Rvcv‡b eëmvq K‡i| GLb †m hw` Zvi g~jab
Rvcvb †_‡K evsjv‡`‡k ¯vbvšÍi K‡i Z‡e Zv n‡e g~ja‡bi AvšÍRv©wZK MwZkxjZv|
 KvieviMZ MwZkxjZv: eëmv‡qi g~jab wkí ev eëmvqMZ ¯vbvšÍi n‡Z cv‡i| A_v©r GK eëmvq †_‡K Ab¨ eëmvq, GK wkí †_‡K Ab¨ wk‡íi
g~jab ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡j Zv‡K KvieviMZ MwZkxjZv ejv nq| †hgb- Rbve ivnv` nvmvb Zvi †cvkvK wkí †_‡K g~jab w`‡q ¯^Y© eëmv‡q ¯vbvšÍi
Ki‡jb| g~ja‡bi Giƒc ¯vbvšÍi‡K KvieviMZ MwZkxjZv ejv nq|
 ¯ÍiMZ MwZkxjZv: eëmv‡q g~jab GK ¯Íi †_‡K Ab¨ ¯Í‡i ¯vbvšÍi n‡Z cv‡i| A_v©r PjwZ g~jab †_‡K ¯vqx g~ja‡bi ¯vbvšÍi n‡Z cv‡i|
g~ja‡bi Giƒc ¯vbvšÍi ¯ÍiMZ MwZkxjZv wb‡`©k K‡i|
 g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZvi ¸iæZ¡:
 Drcv`b e„w×  mylg Dbœqb  Kg©ms¯vb e„w×
 K…wl †ÿ‡Î Dbœqb  wewb‡qvM e„w×  •e‡`wkK evwY‡Rï cÖmvi
 g~ja‡bi ‡hvMvb: AvaywbK Drcv`b eë¯v g~jabwbf©i| Drcv`b Kv‡R eëüZ m¤ú`B g~jab| g~jab Drcv`‡bi Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`vb‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q
AwaK Drcv`bkxj K‡i cybivq Drcv`‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i| †fvM e¨‡qi ci †h Aewkó A_© RbMY my‡ì wewbg‡q g~jab wn‡m‡e Drcv`‡b wewb‡qv‡Mi
Rb¨ mgv‡Ri D‡`¨v³v †kÖwY‡K cÖ`vb K‡i ZvB n‡jv g~ja‡bi †hvMvb|
 g~ja‡bi ‡hvMv‡bi Drm: g~ja‡bi †hvMvb‡K KL‡bv FY‡hvM¨ ZnwejI †evSvq, hv wbw`©ó my‡ì nv‡i wewb‡qvMKvix‡K av‡i †Ìqv nq| †h‡Kv‡bv
†`‡k g~ja‡bi †hvMv‡bi Drm `yB cÖKvi| h_v- (K) Af¨šÍixY Drm I (L) •e‡`wkK Drm| Af¨šÍixY Dr‡mi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wbR¯^ mÂq,ivR¯^ DØ„Ë,
wbU g~jab Avq, †emiKvwi mÂq,AwZwi³ Ki Av‡ivc Avw_©K cÖwZôvb BZ¨vw`|

 g~jab MVb: mvaviY A‡_©, †h cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g g~ja‡bi e„w× NUv‡bv nq Zv‡K g~jab MVb e‡j| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, †h cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g gy`ªv mÂq,
mwÂZ A_© msMÖn I Gi wewb‡qvM N‡U, Zv‡K A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jab MVb e‡j| mÂq n‡Z g~ja‡bi Rb¥| gvbyl Zvi Kg©Rxe‡b hv Avq K‡i Zvi m¤ú~Y©
e¨q bv K‡i mvgvb¨ wKQz mÂq K‡i| G mÂ‡qi Ici g~jab wbf©i K‡i| G mÂqK…Z Ask †_‡K †h cwigvY gy`ªv Drcv`b Kv‡R wewb‡qvM Kiv nq,
ZvB g~jab MVb bv‡g cwiwPZ|
A_©bxwZwe` Avi.Gd.‡ebnvg e‡jb, Ò‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q †Kv‡bv mgvR Zvi g~ja‡bi †h cwigvY e„w× mvab K‡i Zv‡K D³ mg‡qi g~jab MVb ejv
nq|Ó
Aa¨vcK i¨vMbvi bvK©m e‡jb,Ò‡Kv‡bv †`k Zvi eZ©gvb Drcv`bkxj ÿgZvi m¤ú~Y©Uv eZ©gvb †fv‡Mi Rb¨ eënvi bv K‡i IB ÿgZvi GKwU Ask
g~jab mvgMÖxi Drcv`b Kv‡R wb‡qvM Ki‡j Zv‡K g~jab MVb ejv n‡e|Ó
Kv‡RB †Kv‡bv †`‡k GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q cÖK…Z g~jab `ª‡eï gRy` e„w×‡K g~jab MVb ev g~jab m„wó e‡j| Ab¨fv‡e hš¿cvwZ,KvuPvgvj, KviLvbvi
mvgMÖx, we`y¨r cwienb `ªe¨, iv¯ÍvNvU, evua cÖf…wZ g~jab `ªe¨ †ewk cwigvY •Zwi Kiv‡K g~jab MVb e‡j| †`‡ki gvby‡li mwÂZ A_© msMÖn K‡i
g~jab `ªe¨ Drcv`b wewb‡qvM Ki‡j g~jab m„wó nq| †Kej mÂq e„w× †c‡jB g~jab MVb nq bv|
 g~jab MV‡bi Dcvq : A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jab kãwU we‡kl A‡_© eëüZ nq| g~jab MVb wewfbœ cÖwµqvq n‡q _v‡K| g~jab MVb cÖavbZ wZbwU wel‡qi
Ici wbf©i K‡i| h_v-
K. mÂ‡qi mvg_¨©, L. mÂ‡qi B”Qv I M. wewb‡qv‡Mi myweav
 `~i`„wó  D”Pvwfjvl  cvwievwiK †¯œn-ggZv
 Rvbgv‡ji wbivcËv  Kvc©Y¨  my‡ì nvi
 Ki eë¯v  wkÿvi nvi
 AbybœZ ev Dbœqbkxj †`‡k g~jab MV‡bi mgm¨v : AbybœZ ev Dbœqbkxj †`kmg~n bvbviƒc A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y Ab¨vb¨ DbœZ †`‡ki Zzjbvq
wcwQ‡q _v‡K| Avi Gi g~j KviY g~jab MV‡b e¨_©Zv| wb‡¤œ g~jab MV‡b Dbœqbkxj †`kmg~‡ni cÖavb mgm¨vmg~n Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-
 wb¤œ gv_vwcQz Avq  mÂ‡qi B”Qvi Afve  agx©q bvbv Kzms¯‥vi
 ivR‣bwZK D`vmxbZv  `ÿ Rbe‡ji Afve  D”P Ki I my‡ì nvi
 M‡elYvi Afve
 g~jab MV‡bi nvi : ‡Kv‡bv †`‡k †Kvb wbw`©ó mgq mvaviYZ GK eQ‡i g~ja‡bi †h cwigvY e„w× cvq Zvi nvi‡K g~jab MV‡bi nvi e‡j| mÂq
†_‡K g~ja‡bi DrcwË nq| mwÂZ A_© hLb gybvdv AR©‡bi Rb¨ wewb‡qvM Kiv nq ZLb g~jab MVb nq| g~jab MV‡bi nvi wbY©‡qi wb‡¤œv³ m~ÎwU
wbU g~jab e„w×
eënvi Kiv hvq| g~jab MV‡bi nvi = c~e©eZx© eQ‡ii †gvU g~jab ×100
Ávbg~jK cÖkœ I DËi cÖkœ: g~jab Kv‡K e‡j?
179
DËi: gvby‡li Drcvw`Z m¤ú‡ì †h Ask mivmwi †fv‡Mi Rb¨ eënvi bv DËi: KvuPvgvj Drcv`‡bi wfwË|
n‡q cybivq AwaKZi Drcv`‡bi Kv‡R eëüZ nq Zv‡KB A_©bxwZ‡Z cÖkœ: Drcv`‡bi myôz eë¯vcbvi Rb¨ Kx Ki‡Z nq?
g~jab e‡j| DËi: Drcv`‡bi myôz eë¯vcbvi Rb¨ GKRb msMVK ev cwiPvjK
cÖkœ: g~jab Kx? wb‡qvM Ki‡Z nq|
DËi: g~jab n‡jv gvby‡li kÖ‡gi Øviv Drcvw`Z †m mg¯Í wRwbm, †h cÖkœ: †Kv_v n‡Z g~ja‡bi Rb¥?
wRwbmwU cybivq AwaKZi Drcv`b Kv‡R eëüZ nq| DËi: mÂq n‡Z g~ja‡bi Rb¥|
cÖkœ: g~jab MVb Kx? cÖkœ: gvbyl †Kb mÂq K‡i?
DËi: g~jab MVb n‡jv †Kv‡bv †`‡k wbw`©ó mg‡q cÖK…Z g~jab `ª‡eï DËi: gvbyl fwel¨‡Zi wbðqZvi Rb¨ mÂq K‡i|
gRy` e„w×| cÖkœ: cwiev‡ii fwel¨‡Zi w`‡K ZvwK‡q gvbyyl Kx K‡i?
cÖkœ: wbg¾gvb g~jab Kv‡K e‡j? DËi: cwiev‡ii fwel¨‡Zi w`‡K ZvwK‡q gvbyl †ewk †ewk mÂq Kivi
DËi: †hme g~ja‡bi eënvi AZ¨šÍ mxwgZ A_©vr Zv †Kej we‡kl GKwU †Póv K‡i|
cY¨ Drcv`‡b eëüZ nq †mme g~jabB wbg¾gvb g~jab| Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ I DËi
cÖkœ: ¯vqx g~jab Kv‡K e‡j? cÖkœ 1| g~ja‡bi K‡qKwU ‣ewkó¨ ‡jL|
DËi: †h g~jab mvgMÖx Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î `xN©mgq a‡i eënvi Kiv hvq DËi : g~ja‡bi K‡qKwU ‣ewkó¨ n‡jv-
A_©vr GKevi eënv‡iB †kl nq bv Zv‡K ¯vqx g~jab e‡j| 1. g~jab Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb;
cÖkœ: fvmgvb g~jab ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2. g~jab mÂq n‡Z m„ó; 3. g~jab AZxZ kÖ‡gi dj;
DËi: †hme g~jab GKvwaK Drcv`b Kv‡R eënvi Kiv hvq Ges 4. g~jab Drcv`bkxj; 5. g~jab fwel¨r Av‡qi Drm|
cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a GK¯vb †_‡K Ab¨¯v‡b ¯vbvšÍi Kiv hvq Zv‡K fvmgvb cÖkœ 2| g~jab MVb ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
g~jab e‡j| DËi : g~jab MVb ej‡Z AwaK cwigv‡Y g~jab mvgMÖx Drcv`b I g~jab
cÖkœ: PjwZ g~jab Kx? e„w× cÖwµqv‡KB ‡evSvq| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, ‡h cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g gy`ªvi
DËi: PjwZ g~jab ej‡Z †gvU g~ja‡bi †mB Ask‡K †evSvq hv †Kv‡bv P‚ovšÍ mwÂZ A_© msMÖn I Gi wewb‡qvM N‡U, Zv‡K A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jab MVb
cY¨`ªe¨ Drcv`‡b mivmwi GKevi gvÎ eëüZ nq Ges D³ `ªe¨ evRv‡i e‡j| GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q GKwU ‡`k ‡h cwigvY g~jab mvgMÖx e„w× Ki‡Z
wewµi Rb¨ †h A_© e¨q Kiv nq Zv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| mg_© nq Zv-B n‡jv g~jab MVb|
cÖkœ: A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jab Kv‡K e‡j? cÖkœ 3| Abve× g~jab Kx? D`vniYmn ‡jL|
DËi: †h m¤ú` †Kv‡bv Avq m„wó K‡i A_ev DcvR©‡b mnvqZv K‡i Zv‡K DËi : ‡h g~jab, wewfbœ Drcv`b ‡¶‡Î eënvi nq wKsev wewfbœfv‡e
g~jab e‡j| Kv‡R jv‡M Ges GK RvqMv ‡_‡K Ab¨ RvqMvq ¯vbvšÍi Kiv hvq Zv‡K
cÖkœ: g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv Kx? Abve× g~jab ev fvmgvb g~jab e‡j| ‡hgb- Kqjv, we`y¨r KvuPvgvj, A_©
DËi: g~jab mvgMÖx GK¯vb †_‡K Ab¨¯v‡b, GK ai‡bi wkí †_‡K Ab¨ m¤ú` BZ¨vw` wewfbœ cÖKvi Drcv`b Kv‡R eënvi Kiv hvq| ZvB G¸‡jv
ai‡bi wk‡í eënvi Kiv nq| g~ja‡bi Giƒc ¯vbvšÍi‡KB g~ja‡bi Abve× g~jab wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq|
MwZkxjZv e‡j| cÖkœ 4| ¯’vqx g~jab Kv‡K e‡j?
cÖkœ: †ij BwÄb †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab? DËi : ‡h g~jab Drcv`b Kv‡R GKevi eënv‡ii d‡j wbt‡kl nq bv
DËi: †ij BwÄb n‡”Q ¯vqx g~jab| Ges eûevi eënvi Kiv hvq Zv‡K ¯vqx g~jab e‡j| ‡hgb- K…wlKv‡R
cÖkœ: Drcv`‡b g~jab Kx wn‡m‡e eënvi nq? eëüZ jvOj GKwU ¯vqx g~jab| Avevi GKRb wkícwZ Zvi KviLvbvi
DËi: Drcv`‡b g~jab DcKiY wn‡m‡e eënvi nq| ‡h fvix hš¿cvwZ ¯vcb K‡ib Zv GKwU ¯vqx g~jab | ‡Kbbv, jvOj ev
cÖkœ: g~jab Kx Øviv MwVZ? fvix hš¿ ‡Kv‡bvwUB GKevi eënv‡i wbt‡kl nq bv| GRb¨ KviLvbv Ni,
DËi: g~jab A_©‣bwZK cÖwµqv Øviv MwVZ| ‡mLvbKvi fvix hš¿cvwZ, ‡ijjvBb, RvnvR, ‡mZy BZ¨vw` ¯vqx g~jab
cÖkœ: e¨w³MZ g~jab Kx? cÖkœ 5| g~ja‡bi `ywU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ‣ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: †h g~jab †Kv‡bv e¨w³we‡k‡li gvwjKvbvq _v‡K Z‡e Zv‡K DËi : Drcv`‡bi Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e g~ja‡bi wbR¯^
e¨w³MZ g~jab ejv nq| ‣ewkó¨ i‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ g~ja‡bi `ywU Ab¨Zg ‣ewkó¨ n‡”Q-
cÖkœ: †Kvb¸‡jv e¨w³MZ g~jab? 1. Ab¨Zg Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb : g~jab Drcv`‡bi ‡Kv‡bv
DËi: KjKviLvbv, evwoNi, †kqvi BZ¨vw` e¨w³MZ g~jab| ‡g․wjK Dcv`vb Ges cÖK…wZi `vb bq| GwU gvby‡li kÖg Ges cÖvK…wZK
cÖkœ: RvZxq g~ja‡bi Kx? m¤ú‡ì hy³ cÖ‡Póvq m„wó nq, hv AwaKZi Drcv`‡b wbhy³ nq |
DËi: †h g~jab ivóªxq gvwjKvbvq _v‡K, Zv‡K RvZxq g~jab e‡j| 2. g~jab Drcv`bkxj : Drcv`‡bi Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`vb A‡c¶v g~jab wb‡qvM
cÖkœ: †Kvb¸‡jv †fvM¨ g~jab? Kiv hvq, Drcv`‡bi cwigvY ZZ ‡ewk e„w× Kiv hvq |
DËi: kÖwg‡Ki Lv`¨, e¯¿, evm¯vb cÖf…wZ †fvM¨ g~jab| cÖkœ 6| g~jab ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
cÖkœ: Drcv`K g~jab Kx? DËi : Drcv`‡bi Z…Zxq DcKiY n‡jv g~jab| mvaviY A‡_© UvKv-cqmv
DËi: †h g~jab Drcv`b Kv‡R cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e mnvqZv K‡i, Zv‡K Drcv`K ev A_©‡K g~jab e‡j| wKš‧ A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jab kãwU we‡kl A‡_© eëüZ
g~jab e‡j| nq| gvby‡li Drcvw`Z m¤ú‡ì ‡h Ask cybivq AwaKZi Drcv`b Kv‡R
cÖkœ: fvmgvb g~jab Kx? eëüZ nq Zv‡K A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jab e‡j| A_©bxwZwe` P¨vcg¨vb e‡jb,
DËi: †h g~jab wewfbœ Drcv`b Kv‡R GKwU wkí †_‡K Ab¨ wk‡í "‡h m¤ú` ‡Kv‡bv Avq m„wó K‡i A_ev DcvR©‡b mnvqZv K‡i ZvB
¯vbvšÍvwiZ Kiv hvq, Zv‡K fvmgvb g~jab ejv nq| g~jab|Ó
cÖkœ: FY`vZvi msL¨v †ewk n‡j my‡ì nvi †Kgb nq? cÖkœ 7| g~ja‡bi cÖKvi‡f` Kx Zv ‡jL|
DËi: FY`vZvi msL¨v Kg n‡j my‡ì nvi †ewk nq| DËi : g~jab‡K Drcv`‡bi Z…Zxq Dcv`vb ejv nq| g~jab Drcv`‡bi
cÖkœ: miKvwi FY c‡Î K‡ii cwigvY Kg ev †ewk n‡j my‡ì nvi †Kgb nq? Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb| g~jab‡K K‡qK ‡kÖwY‡Z wef³ Kiv hvq| h_v-
DËi: miKvwi FYc‡Î K‡ii cwigvY Kg ev †ewk n‡j my‡ì nviI Kg ev (K) ¯vwq‡Z¡i wfwË‡Z g~jab,
†ewk nq| (L) gvwjKvbvi wfwË‡Z g~jab I
cÖkœ: KvuPvgvj wK‡mi wfwË? (M) eënv‡ii wfwË‡Z g~jab |
cÖkœ 8| PjwZ g~jab aviYvwU eY©bv Ki|
180
DËi : ‡h g~jab Drcv`b Kv‡R GKevi gvÎ eënvi Ki‡jB wbt‡kl n‡q  g~jab
hvq, Zv‡K PjwZ g~jab ejv nq| ‡hgb- KvV, cvU, Zyjv, Kqjv BZ¨vw` 1. Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb n‡jv- g~jab|
PjwZ g~ja‡bi AšÍM©Z| Kqjv, cvUKvwV, KvV BZ¨vw` R¡vjvwb wn‡m‡e 2. g~jab Drcv`‡bi - Z…Zxq Dcv`vb|
eënvi Kiv n‡j GKeviB ‡cvov‡bv hvq| Zyjv Øviv hw` myZv ‣Zwi Kiv 3. m¤ú‡ì wcZv n‡jv kÖg Avi gvZv n‡jv f‚wg Dw³wU- DBwjqvg †cwU|
nq Z‡e Zyjvi Aw¯ÍZ¡B _v‡K bv| 4. cybivq Drcv`b Kv‡R eëüZ nq- g~jab|
cÖkœ 9| ¯’vwq‡Z¡i wfwË‡Z g~jab welqwU Av‡jvPbv Ki| 5. AZxZ kÖ‡gi msM„nxZ Dcv`vb- g~jab|
DËi : ¯vwq‡Z¡i wfwË‡Z g~jab ej‡Z ¯vqx g~jab I PjwZ g~jab‡K 6. AwaK Drcv`‡b mnvqZv K‡i- g~jab|
‡evSvq| ‡h g~jab Drcv`b Kv‡R eûw`b a‡i eënvi Kiv hvq, Zv‡K 7. g~jab MV‡bi cÖavb Dcv`vb- mÂq e„w×|
¯vqx g~jab e‡j| Avevi ‡h g~jab Drcv`b Kv‡R GKevi gvÎ eënvi 8. g~jab‡K msÁvwqZ Kiv hvq- `ywU `„wó‡KvY †_‡K|
Ki‡jB wbt‡kl n‡q hvq Zv‡K PjwZ g~jab e‡j| A_©vr ¯vwq‡Z¡i 9. g~ja‡bi wZbwU iƒ‡ci K_v e‡j‡Qb- †Kqvb©µm|
wfwË‡Z g~jab n‡jv ¯vqx g~jab I PjwZ g~ja‡bi mgš^q iƒc|  g~ja‡bi •ewkó¨:
cÖkœ 10| e¨w³MZ g~jab Kx D`vniYmn ‡jL| 10. g~jab †hvMv‡bi Drm-2wU
DËi : ‡h g~jab ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³we‡k‡li gvwjKvbvq _v‡K Zv‡K e¨w³MZ 11. g~jab‡K ejv hvq-A¯vqx Dcv`vb|
g~jab ejv nq| A_©vr e¨w³MZ g~jab n‡jv ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³we‡k‡li Aax‡b 12. g~jab n‡jv-wbw®…q Dcv`vb
_v‡K Ggb g~jab| ‡hgb KjKviLvbv, evwoNi, ‡kqvi BZ¨vw` e¨w³MZ 13. g~ja‡bi cÖavb Dcv`b-mÂq
g~ja‡bi AšÍM©Z| 14. Drcv`‡bi cÖv_wgK e¯‧MZ DcKiY-f‚wg I kÖg|
cÖkœ 11 | RvZxq g~jab aviYvwU Av‡jvPbv Ki| 15. cÖK…wZi cÖv_wgK `vg wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq bv-g~jab‡K|
DËi : ‡h g~jab ivó«xq gvwjKvbvq _v‡K Zv‡K RvZxq g~jab e‡j| G 16. mÂ‡qi Ici wb©fi K‡i-g~jab MVb|
ai‡bi g~ja‡bi gvwjKvbv iv‡ó«i Ges e¨w³i Df‡qi gvwjKvbvi mgwó‡K 17. eënv‡ii gva¨‡g wbt‡kl nq-g~jab|
eywS‡q _v‡K| A_©vr GKwU ‡`‡ki miKvwi I ‡emiKvwi g~ja‡bi 18. g~jab n‡jv-‡g․wjK Dcv`vb|
mgwó‡K RvZxq g~jab e‡j| ‡hgb- ivó«xq gvwjKvbvq KjKviLvbv,  g~ja‡bi Kvhv©ewj
e¨vsK, ‡ijI‡q, ‡cv÷ Awdm, wegvb BZ¨vw` RvZxq g~ja‡bi AšÍM©Z| 19. kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv m„wó-g~ja‡bi KvR|
cÖkœ 12| gvwjKvbvi wfwË‡Z g~jab m¤úwK©Z welqwU Av‡jvPbv Ki| 20. cyuwRev` D™¢e I weKv‡ki g~j KviY -g~jab|
DËi : e¨w³MZ g~jab I RvZxq g~jab n‡jv gvwjKvbvi wfwË‡Z 21. AvaywbK Drcv`b eë¯v DcKiY wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq-g~jab|
g~jab‡K ‡evSvq| ‡h g~jab ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³we‡k‡li gvwjKvbvq _v‡K Zv‡K 22. Drcv`b eë¯vq DcKiY wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq-g~jab|
e¨w³MZ g~jab e‡j| Avevi ‡h g~jab ivó«xq gvwjKvbvq _v‡K Zv‡K 23. g~jab wewb‡qv‡Mi Ici wbf©i K‡i-wk‡ívbœqb
RvZxq g~jab e‡j| ZvB gvwjKvbvi wfwË‡Z g~jab n‡jv e¨w³MZ g~jab 24. AwaK nv‡i g~jab MwVZ n‡j †`‡k-Kg©ms¯vb m„wó nq|
I RvZxq g~ja‡bi mgš^qK…Z iƒc | 25. DbœZ I Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki cv_©‡Kï g~‡j i‡q‡Q-g~jab|
cÖkœ 13| ‡fvM¨ g~jab m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki | 26. `vwi‡`ªï `yóPµ †f‡½ Dbœqb NUv‡bvi GKgvÎ nvwZqvi-g~jab|
DËi : ‡h g~jab Drcv`b PjvKv‡j Drcv`b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ kÖwg‡Ki g~ja‡bi cÖKvi‡f`
fiY‡cvlY I RxebhvÎvi e¨q wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ eënvi Kiv nq, Zv‡K 27. g~jab‡K cÖavbZ fvM Kiv hvq-2 fv‡M|
‡fvM¨ g~jab ejv nq| A_©vr ‡fv‡Mi Rb¨ wb‡qvwRZ ‡jvKRb ‡h g~jab 28. wbg¾gvb g~jab-‡ij BwÄb|
e¨q K‡i Zv‡K ‡fvM¨ g~jab e‡j| ‡hgb- kÖwg‡Ki Lv`¨, e¯¿, evm¯vb 29. g~jab cwigvc Kiv nq-A‡_©i gvcKvwV‡Z|
cÖf…wZ ‡fvM¨ g~ja‡bi AšÍM©Z | 30. PjwZ g~jab n‡jv-cv‡Ui exR|
cÖkœ 14| Drcv`K g~jab Kx? D`vniY `vI | 31. KjKviLvbv, fvix hš¿cvwZ n‡jv-¯vqx g~jab|
DËi : ‡h g~jab Drcv`b Kv‡R cÖZ¨¶fv‡e mnvqZv K‡i Zv‡K Drcv`K 32. GK RvZxq Drcv`b Kv‡R eëüZ nq-Ave× g~jab|
g~jab e‡j| Drcv`K g~jab ej‡Z Avgiv ‡hme `ªe¨vw` I hš¿vsk eywS Zv 33. wfbœ wfbœ Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î eënvi Kiv nq-fvmgvb g~jab|
n‡jv KjKviLvbv, hš¿cvwZ, KvuPvgvj BZ¨vw` Drcv`K g~ja‡bi AšÍM©Z | 34. ivóªxq gvwjKvbvq _v‡K-RvZxq g~jab|
cÖkœ 15 | wbg¾gvb g~ja‡bi aviYv `vI | 35. fiY‡cvl‡Yi Rb¨ eëüZ g~jab-‡fvM¨ g~jab|
DËi : ‡h g~jab GKwU we‡kl ai‡bi Drcv`b Kv‡R eënvi Kiv nq  A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡b g~ja‡bi ¸iæZ¡
Zv‡K wbg¾gvb g~jab e‡j| A_©vr we‡kl we‡kl D‡Ï‡k¨ wb‡qvwRZ 36. A_©bxwZi cÖvYkw³ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq-g~jab‡K
g~jab n‡jv wbg¾gvb g~jab| ‡hgb- ‡ij BwÄb, ‡j․n Mjvi Pywjø BZ¨vw` 37. cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì c~Y© eënvi wbwðZ K‡i-g~jab|
n‡jv wbg¾gvb g~ja‡bi AšÍM©Z | 38. `ªæZ A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Acwinvh©-cwiKíbv|
cÖkœ 16| fvmgvb g~jabwU D`vniYmn ‡jL | 39. bZzb bZzb g~jab `ª‡eï Drcv`‡b A_© jwMœ Kiv‡K e‡j-wewb‡qvM|
DËi : ‡h g~jab wewfbœ Drcv`K Kv‡R GKwU wkí ‡_‡K Ab¨ wk‡í 40. g~jab e„w× K‡i-kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv|
¯vbvšÍwiZ Kiv hvq, Zv‡K fvmgvb g~jab ejv nq| A_©vr ‡h g~jab 41. e„n`vqZb Drcv`b eë¯vi PvwjKvkw³ n‡jv-g~ja‡bi gva¨‡g|
gva¨wgK `ªe¨ wn‡m‡e Ab¨ wk‡í eënvi nq Zv‡K fvmgvb g~jab e‡j| 42. cwiKíbvi mdj ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ ìKvi-g~jab|
‡hgb- Kqjv, we`ÿr, KvuPvgvj BZ¨vw` fvmgvb g~ja‡bi AšÍM©Z|  g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv I g~ja‡bi †hvMvb
cÖkœ 17| g~ja‡bi ‡hvMvb ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? 43. g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv wef³-wZbfv‡M
DËi : ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó my‡ì nv‡i Drcv`b Kv‡R ‡h cwigvY g~jab wb‡qvM 44. ¯^í‡gqvw` F‡Yi-MwZkxjZv Kg|
Kiv nq Zv‡K g~ja‡bi ‡hvMvb e‡j| my` n‡jv g~ja‡bi ‡hvMvb g~j¨| 45. g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv eëmv-m¤úªmviY K‡i-‡eKviZ¡ Kgvq|
g~jab wbf©i K‡i mÂ‡qi Ici| cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zyjbvq g~ja‡bi ‡hvMvb 46. g~ja‡bi ¯vbvšÍi‡K ejv nq-g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv|
ch©vß bq e‡j g~ja‡bi ‡hvMvb `vg Av‡Q| 47. eëmvq cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb-g~ja‡bi †hvMvb|
cÖkœ 18| g~ja‡bi MV‡bi welq wZbwU Kx Zv ‡jL | 48. Drcv`‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq KvuPvgvj Av‡m-K…wl LvZ †_‡K|
DËi : A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jab kãwU we‡kl A‡_© eëüZ nq| g~jab MVb wewfbœ 49. MwZkxjZv Kg-wbg¾gvb g~ja‡bi|
cÖwµqvq n‡q _v‡K| g~jab MVb cÖavbZ wZbwU wel‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i| 50. ‣bwgwËK LiP wbev©‡n Acwinvh©-g~ja‡bi †hvMvb|
Zv n‡jv mÂ‡qi mvg_¨©, mÂ‡qi B”Qv I wewb‡qv‡Mi myweav|  g~jab MVb:
g‡b †i‡Lv Avgvq!!! 51. Aeva A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jab MV‡bi cÖwµqv wef³- 3wU ¯Í‡i|
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52. my‡ì nvi we‡klfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i- mÂq‡K| 5| ivRkvnx †_‡K Lyjbvq g~ja‡bi ¯vbvšÍi‡K †Kvb ai‡bi MwZkxjZv
53. mÂ‡qi mvg_¨© wbf©i K‡i - Av‡qi Ici| ejv nq?
54. g~ja‡bi MVb cÖv_wgKfv‡e wbf©ikxj- mÂ‡qi Ici| K) AvÂwjK L) †f․‡MvwjK M) ¯ÍiMZ N) AvšÍR©vwZK
55. g~jab MVb cÖwµqvi cÖv_wgK ¯Íi n‡jv- Avw_©K mÂq m„wó| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
56. e¨w³we‡k‡li mÂq wbf©i K‡i- mÂ‡qi B”Qv I mvg‡_©ï Ici|  GKwU †`‡ki GK AÂj/kni/wefvM †_‡K Ab¨ AÂ‡j/kn‡i/wefv‡M
57. mÂq m„wó‡Z gyL¨ f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i- e¨w³MZ mÂq| g~jab ¯vbvšÍi‡K e‡j-AvÂwjK MwZkxjZv|
58. g~jab MV‡bi †kl ch©vq n‡jv- mÂq‡K g~jab `ª‡e¨ iƒcvšÍi  ‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i GK AÂj †_‡K Ab¨ AÂ‡j g~ja‡bi ¯vbvšÍi‡K
Abykxjbx cvV-1 e‡j-AvÂwjK MwZkxjZv
1| gvwjKvbvi wfwË‡Z g~jab‡K Kq fvM Kiv nq?  RbM‡Yi gvwjKvbvq †h g~jab _v‡K Zv n‡jv-mvgvwRK g~jab|
K) 2 fv‡M L) 3 fv‡M M) 4 fv‡M N) 5 fv‡M  PjwZ g~jab n‡Z ¯vqx g~ja‡b iƒcvšÍi n‡j Zv‡K e‡j-¯ÍiMZ
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! MwZkxjZv|
 ¯vwq‡Z¡i wfwË‡Z g~jab - 2 cÖKvi|
 mKj mve©‡f․g †`‡ki gvwjKvbvq _v‡K-AvšÍR©vwZK g~jab|
 ‡fv‡Mi wfwË‡Z g~jab- 2 cÖKvi|
 AvšÍR©vwZK g~ja‡bi D`vniY n‡jv- wek¦e¨vsK|
 gvwjKvbvi wfwË‡Z g~jab - 3 cÖKvi| 6| ‡ijc_ †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab?
 `xN©w`b eënv‡iI ÿqcÖvß nq bv- ¯vqx g~ja‡bi| K) Drcv`K L) wbg¾gvb M) fvmgvb N) e¨w³MZ
 PjwZ g~jab Drcv`‡b eënvi Kiv hvq- GKevi| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
2| g~jab n‡jv ÔDrcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vbÕ - e³e¨wU †Kvb  ‡ij BwÄb n‡jv-wbgw¾Z g~jab|
A_©bxwZwe‡ì?  GKwU wbw`©ó cY¨ Drcv`‡b eëüZ nq-wbgw¾Z g~jab|
K) eg- eqvK© L) m¨vgy‡qjmb M) P¨vcg¨vb M) gvk©vj  KvuPvgvj µ‡q eëüZ nq-N~Y©vqgvb g~jab|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 wfbœ wfbœ Drcv`b Kv‡R eëüZ nq-fvmgvb g~jab|
 mivmwi †fv‡M eëüZ bv n‡q Drcv`‡bi Kv‡R jv‡M- g~jab|
 gvby‡li mybvg n‡jv-e¨w³MZ g~jab|
 Capital is the produced means of production e‡j‡Qb-
7| eybb hš¿ (Weaving Machine) †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab?
eg - IqvK©|
K) N~Y©vqgvb g~jab L) wbgw¾Z g~jab
 AvaywbK A_©bxwZi RbK- cj m¨vgy‡qjmb| M) fvmgvb g~jab N) e¨w³MZ g~jab
 Av‡gwiKvi BwZnv‡m A_©bxwZ‡Z cÖ_g †bv‡ej weRqx A_©bxwZwe`- hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
m¨vgy‡qjmb|  ‡h g~jab ‡Kej GKRvZxq Drcv`b Kv‡R eëüZ nq Zv‡K e‡j-
 Ô‡h m¤ú` Avq m„wó K‡i ZvB g~jab e‡j‡Qb- P¨vcg¨vb| wbg¾gvb g~jab|
 A_©bxwZ‡K Kj¨v‡Yi weÁvb e‡j‡Qb- gvk©vj|  K…l‡Ki Kv‡Vi •Zix jvOj n‡jv-wbg¾gvb g~jab|
 Drcv`b Kv‡R cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e eëüZ nq-Drcv`K g~jab|
 ‡h‡Kv‡bv RvqMvq eënvi Kiv hvq-fvmgvb g~jab|
 e¨w³i gvwjKvbvq _v‡K-e¨w³MZ g~jab|
GB Aa¨v‡qi (MCQ) wfwWI
K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|  eëmv‡qi mybvg-e¨w³MZ g~ja‡bi D`vniY|
8| ‡h g~jab GKvwaK Drcv`b Kv‡h© eëüZ nq Zv‡K wK e‡j?
K) PjwZ g~jab L) fvmgvb g~jab
M) wbg¾gvb g~jab N) ¯vqx g~jab
hv bv Rvb‡j bq!!!
3| wb‡Pi †KvbwU gvby‡li Avq Øviv m„ó Dcv`vb?  ‡h †Kvb RvqMvq eënvi Kiv hvq-fvmgvb g~jab|
K) kÖg L) g~jab M) f‚wg N) msMVb  wfbœ wfbœ Drcv`b Kv‡R eënvi Kiv hvq-fvmgvb g~jab|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  GKevi Drcv`b Kv‡R eënvi Kiv hvq-PjwZ g~jab|
 Drcv`‡bi mwµq Dcv`vb n‡jv- kÖg|  mivmwi GKevi P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨ Drcv`‡b wbt‡kl nq-PjwZ g~jab|
 Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb n‡jv- g~jab|  Drcv`‡b jv‡M-wbg¾gvb g~jab|
 Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡jv- 1| f‚wg, 2| kÖg 3| g~jab 4|  ‡hme g~jab Drcv`‡bi Kv‡R evievi eënvi Kiv n‡jI G‡ì
msMVb| †Kv‡bv ÿwZ ev cwieZ©b nq bv Zv‡K ejv-¯vqx g~jab|
 Drcv`‡bi Z…Zxq Dcv`vb- g~jab| 9| GK dvg© n‡Z Ab¨ dv‡g© g~jab ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡j, Zv‡K wK e‡j?
 Drcv`‡bi Avw` I †g․wjK DcKiY - f‚wg| K) g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv L) g~ja‡bi MVb
 f~wg, kÖg I g~ja‡bi mgš^q K‡i- msMVb| M) g~ja‡bi Pvwn`v N) g~ja‡bi g~jab
4| ‡KvbwU g~ja‡bi •ewkó¨? hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K) mwµq L) MwZnxb M) Drcv`bkxj N) wPi¯vqx  g~jab MVb cÖv_wgK wbf©ikxj-mÂ‡qi Ici|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  g~ja‡bi ¯vbvšÍi‡K e‡j-g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv|
 Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb n‡jv- g~jab|  g~jab GK wkí n‡Z Ab¨ wk‡í ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡j •Zix nq-g~ja‡bi
 mwÂZ kÖg I mwÂZ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì hy³ djB-g~jab| MwZkxjZv
 g~jab MV‡bi cÖavb Dcv`vb-mÂq e„w×|  cÖK…Z g~jabx `ª‡eï gRy` e„w× Kiv‡K e‡j-g~jab MVb|
 A_©bxwZ‡Z me ai‡bi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`‡K e‡j-f‚wg|  eëmv‡qi Drcv`bkxjZv m„wó Kiv‡K e‡j-g~ja‡bi †hvMvb|
 Drcv`‡bi MwZnxb Ges wPi¯vqx Dcv`vb-f‚wg|  g~ja‡bi †hvMvb n‡Z cv‡i-`yÕfv‡e|

182
10| g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv n‡jv- kvnRvnvb mv‡ne GKRb A_©bxwZwe`| wZwb †`L‡jb Zvi †`‡L
K) g~ja‡bi †hvMvb L) g~ja‡bi Pvwn`v 2017 mv‡j †gvU g~jab wQj 20,000 ‡KvwU UvKv hv 2018 mv‡j
M) g~jab MVb N) g~jab ¯vbvšÍi †e‡o wM‡q nq 22,000 ‡KvwU UvKv| GUzKz e„w× Zvi we‡ePbvq A‡bK
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! Kg| wZwb cvk¦©eZx© †`‡k wM‡q †`L‡jb Zv‡ì evwl©K g~jab MV‡bi
 g~ja‡bi ¯vbvšÍi‡K e‡j-g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv nvi cÖvq 30%, RbM‡Yi RxebhvÎvi gvb I Av_©-mvgvwRK
 g~jab GKwkí †_‡K Ab¨ wk‡í eënvi Ki‡j •Zix nq-g~ja‡bi AeKvVv‡gv A‡bK DbœZ|
MwZkxjZv 15|kvnRvnvb mv‡n‡ei †`‡ki g~jab MV‡bi nvi KZ??
 eëmvq-evwY‡R¨ Drcv`bkxjZv m„wó Kiv‡K e‡j-g~ja‡bi †hvMvb| K) 5% L) 10% M) 15% N) 20%
 g~ja‡bi †hvMv‡bi Drm mg~n-`yB cÖKvi| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 g~jab e„w×i cÖwµqv‡K e‡j-g~jab MVb
 cÖK…Z g~jab `ª‡eï gRy` e„w× Kiv‡K e‡j-g~jab MVb|
11| PjwZ g~ja‡bi •ewkó¨-  GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q g~jab †h cwigvY ev‡o Zv‡K e‡j-g~jab MVb|
i) GB g~jab GKevi eënvi Kiv nq  g~jab MV‡bi nvi Rvbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb-GKwU wbw`©ó mgqKvj|
ii) GB g~jab eënv‡ii d‡j wbt‡kl nq bv  g~jab MV‡bi c×wZ n‡Z cv‡i-wZbfv‡e|
iii) GB g~jab eënv‡ii d‡j iƒcMZ cwieZ©b nq|  g~jab MV‡bi nv‡ii m~Î n‡iv-K(+)-K(1)
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 16| cvk¦eZ©x †`‡ki g~jab MV‡bi nvi †ewk, KviY-
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii i) mÂ‡qi mvg_©¨ †ewk
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! ii) wewb‡qv‡Mi my‡hvM-myweav †ewk
 Drcv`‡b GKevi gvÎ eënvi Kiv hvq-PjwZ m¤ú` iii) ivR‣bwZK w¯wZkxjZv †ewk
 P‚ovšÍ cY¨`ªe¨ Drcv`b GKevi gvÎ eëüZ nq-PjwZ g~jab| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 GKevi eënv‡ii d‡j iƒcMZ cwieZ©b nq-PjwZ g~ja‡bi| K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
 cÖ‡qvR‡bi †cÖwÿ‡Z mn‡RB n«vm-e„w× Kiv hvq-PjwZ g~ja‡bi| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 g~jab MV‡bi cÖwµqv wef³-3 fv‡M
 ÿz`ª ev KzwUiwkí mPj ivL‡Z eëüZ nq-PjwZ g~jab|
 g~jab MV‡bi cÖwµqv wZbwU ¯Íi n‡jv-1. Avw_©K mÂ‡qi m„wó 2.
 eënv‡i wbt‡kl nq bv-¯vqx g~jab|
Avw_©K mÂq msMÖn I 3. Avw_©K mÂq‡K g~jabx `ª‡e¨ iƒcvšÍi|
12| wewb‡qvM e„w×i d‡jÑ
i) †gvU e¨q ev‡o  g~jab MV‡bi cÖv_wgK ¯Íi n‡jv-Avw_©K mÂq m„wó|
ii) Mo e¨q e„w× _v‡K  mÂ‡qi mvg_©¨ wbf©i K‡i-Avw_©K Av‡qi Ici|
iii) Drcv`b ev‡o  g~jab MV‡bi me©‡kl ¯Íi-mÂq‡K wewb‡qvM Kiv|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  wewb‡qv‡Mi my‡hvM-myweav cÖZ¨ÿ f‚wgKv iv‡L-g~jab MVb|
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 17 I 18 cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! X †`‡ki miKvi 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i wewfbœ wewb‡qvMevÜe Kg©m~wP
 mÂq MV‡bi Ici wbf©i K‡i-wewb‡qvM ev¯Íevq‡bi d‡j c~e©eZx© eQ‡ii gRy` g~ja‡bi cwigvY 40 nvRvi
 miKvi NvUwZ ev‡RU bxwZ AbymiY K‡i MVb Ki‡Z cv‡i-g~jab| †KvwU UvKv n‡Z 45 nvRvi †KvwU UvKvq DËxY© nq wKš‧ Y †`‡k
evwl©K g~jab MV‡bi nvi 12% Ges †mLv‡b Av_©-mvgvwRK
 AbyK‚j cwi‡ek m„wó Ki‡j e„w× cv‡e-wewb‡qvM
AeKvVv‡gv I RbM‡bi RxebhvÎvi gvb X †`k A‡cÿv DbœZ|
 Drcv`b e„w× cv‡e-wewb‡qvM evo‡j|
17| X †`‡k g~jab MV‡bi nvi KZ?
 g~ja‡bi wbivc` I jvfRbK my‡hvM-myweavi Rb¨ evo‡e-wewb‡qvM| K) 12.50% L) 15% M) 20% N) 25%
 wewb‡qvM e„w×i d‡j evo‡e-‡gvU e¨q| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
13|mÂq wbf©i K‡i-  g~jab e„w×i cÖwµqv‡K e‡j-g~jab MVb
i) Av‡qi Ici  Aeva A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jab MV‡bi cÖwµqv wef³-wZbwU ¯Íi|
ii) cÖvwšÍK †fvM cÖeYZvi Ici
 g~jab MV‡bi nvi Rvbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb-wbw`©ó mgq|
iii) my‡ì nv‡ii Ici
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  g~jab MV‡bi m~Î n‡jv- K (  )  K t |
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 18|g~jab MV‡bi nvi Y †`‡k AwaK, KviY-
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! i) RbM‡Yi †fvMcÖeYZv Kg
 g~jab MVb cÖv_wgKfv‡e wbf©ikxj-mÂ‡qi Ici| ii) cvwievwiKeÜb AZ¨šÍ kw³kvjx
 g~ja‡bi MV‡bi cÖv_wgK Dcv`vb-mÂq e„w×| iii) my‡ì nvi ¯^í
 mÂq e„w×‡Z g~L¨ f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i-e¨w³MZ mÂq| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 g~jab MV‡bi wØZxq ¯Íi-Avw_©K mÂq msMÖn| K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
 my‡ì nvi †ewk n‡j e„w× cv‡e-mÂq| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 mwÂZ A_© wewb‡qvM Ki‡j MwVZ nq-g~jab|
 mÂ‡qi mvg©_¨ wbf©i K‡i-Av‡qi Ici|
14|g~jab MV‡bi nvi wbf©i K‡i hvi Ici-  RbM‡Yi †fvM cÖeYZv Kg‡j AwaK nq-g~jab MVb|
i) my‡ì nvi ii) wewb‡qv‡Mi myweav iii) mÂ‡qi myweav  mÂ‡qi cwigvY wbf©i K‡i-3wU wel‡qi Ici|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  miKvi my‡ì nvi evov‡j e„w× cv‡e-g~jab|
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii  gvby‡li mÂ‡qi mvg_©¨ wbf©i K‡i-Av‡qi Ici|
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 15 I 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:  mgvR-msmvi cvwievwiK †¯œn-ggZvi cÖeYZv evo‡j-mÂq ev‡o|
183
 g~jab MV‡bi †kl chv©q n‡jv-mÂq‡K g~jabx `ª‡e¨ iƒcvšÍi| 36| Drcv`‡b g~ja‡bi KvR n‡”Q-
19| wb‡Pi †KvbwU g~jab? i) KvPuvgvjµq ii) kÖwgK msMÖn iii) hš¿cvwZ µq
K) UvKv L) ¯^Y© M) jvOj N) e¨vsK AvgvbZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
20| wb‡Pi †KvbwU wbg¾gvb g~ja‡bi D`vniY? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) †ijc_ L) evwo M) we`y¨r N) KvuPvgvj 37| g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv n‡jv-
21| XvKvi eëmvqx Zvi Mv‡g©›Um KviLvbv PÆMÖv‡g ¯vbvšÍi Ki‡jb| i) g~jab wm‡g›U wkí n‡Z wPwb wk‡í ¯vbvšÍi nIqv
G‡ÿ‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZvi m„wó n‡q‡Q? ii) g~jab †Kvwiqv n‡Z evsjv‡`‡k ¯vbvšÍi nIqv
K) AvšÍR©vwZK L) Af¨šÍixY M) ¯ÍiMZ N) wkíMZ iii) g~jabx `ªe¨ wn‡m‡e bZzb Kw¤úDUvi µq
22|GKRb wkÿK wkÿKZvi PvKwi †Q‡o e¨vs‡Ki PvKwi‡Z †hvM`vb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ki‡jb| GwU kÖ‡gi †Kvb ai‡bi MwZkxjZv? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) †f․‡MvwjK MwZkxjZv L) ¯ÍiMZ MwZkxjZv 38| g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZvi Kvi‡YÑ
M) wkíMZ MwZkxjZv N) †ckvMZ MwZkxjZv i) wewb‡qvM ev‡o ii) AvÂwjK •elg¨ K‡g
23| wbg¾gvb g~jab †KvbwU? iii) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v ev‡o
K) e¯¿ L) Kqjv M) KvuPvgvj N) m¤úwËMZ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
24| iscyi I KzwoMÖvg cÖPzi cvU Drcv`b nq| cv‡Ui exR †Kvb ai‡bi K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
g~jab?
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 39 I 40 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) PjwZ L) ¯vqx M) Ave× M) m¤úwËMZ mvjvg mv‡ne MvRxcy‡i GKLÛ Rwg wK‡b 5 Zjv GKwU evwo wbgv©Y K‡ib|
25| Rbve Kvgvj GKRb K…lK| K…wlKvR Kivi Rb¨ wZwb jv½j eënvi †hLv‡b AviI hš¿cvwZ ¯vcb K‡i †mv‡qUvi Drcv`b K‡ib|
K‡ib| Rbve Kvgv‡ji Rb¨ Zvi jv½jwU †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab| 39| mvjvg mv‡n‡ei wbgv©YK…Z wewìswU †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab?
K) PjwZ L) ¯vqx M) fvmgvb N) wbg¾gvb K) fvmgvb L) ¯vqx M) PjwZ N) Ave×
26| wb‡Pi †KvbwU PjwZ g~ja‡bi chv©qfz³? 40| G ai‡bi g~ja‡bi •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
K) mgy`ªMvgx RvnvR L) `vjvb‡KvVv
i) evi evi eënvi Kiv hvq
M) KvuPvgvj N) e½eÜz eûgyLx †mZz
ii) `xN©Kvjxb Drm †_‡K G g~jab msM„nxZ
27| g~ja‡bi ¯vbvšÍi n‡jv-
iii) `„k¨gvb nq
K) g~ja‡bi †hvMvb L) g~ja‡bi e„w×
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) g~ja‡bi n«vm N) g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv
28| g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv ej‡Z †evSvq- K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) g~ja‡bi †hvMvb L) g~ja‡bi Pvwn`v wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 41 I 42 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
evsjv‡`‡k 2015 mv‡j g~ja‡bi cwigvY wQj 300 †KvwU Wjvi
M) g~ja‡bi ¯vbvšÍi N) g~ja‡bi MVb
2016 mv‡j g~ja‡bi cwigvY e„w× †c‡q 330 Wjvi n‡q‡Q|
29| g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv e„w×‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv iv‡L †KvbwU?
41| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K g~jab MV‡bi nvi KZ?
K) wewb‡qv‡Mi cÖwZK‚j cwi‡ek
K) 5% L) 10% M) 15% N) 20%
L) AbybZ œ Av_©-mvgvwRK AeKvVv‡gv
42| evsjv‡`‡ki g~jab e„w×i KviY Kx?
M) chv©ß kw³ I R¡vjvwb m¤ú`
N) ivR‣bwZK Aw¯wZkxj i) mÂ‡qi mvg_©¨ e„w× ii) mÂ‡qi B”Qv e„w× iii) †fv‡Mi B”Qv e„w×
30| ‡Kvb Dcv`v‡bi Dci g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv wbf©i K‡i? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) AbybZ œ AeKvVv‡gv L) e× A_©bxwZ K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) kw³ m¤ú‡ì Achv©ßZv N) AvÂwjK mym¤úK© wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 43 I 44 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
31| g~ja‡bi †hvMv‡bi Drm KqwU? wg. RvwK‡ii †`‡k 2014 mv‡j g~ja‡bi cwigvY wQj 1000 †KvwU
K) 1wU L) 2wU M) 3wU N) 4wU UvKv| 2015 mv‡j g~jab e„w× †c‡q 1200 †KvwU UvKv nq| wKš‧
32| g~jab n‡jv- †eøqv‡ii †`‡k g~jab MV‡bi nvi cÖvq 35% †hLv‡b gv_vwcQz Avq
†ewk I Av_© mvgvwRK AeKvVv‡gv DbœZ|
i) AZxZ mÂ‡qi dj ii) mwµq Dcv`vb iii) MwZkxj Dcv`vb
43| wg. RvwK‡ii †`‡k g~jab MV‡bi nvi KZ?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) 10% L) 20% M) 30% N) 40%
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
44| ‡eøqv‡ii †`‡k g~jab MV‡bi nvi †ewk nIqvi KviYÑ
33| wbgw¾Z g~ja‡bi •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
i) mÂq MV‡bi nvi †ewk
i) G g~jab KvuPvgvj µ‡q eëüZ nq
ii) wewb‡qvM myweav †ewk
ii) G g~ja‡bi eënvi mxwgZ
iii) ivR‣bwZK w¯wZkxjZv
iii) wewfbœ ai‡bi cY¨ Drcv`‡b eëüZ nq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 45 I 46 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
34|‡mjvB †gwkb n‡jv-
ÔKÕ †`‡k 2013 mv‡j †gvU g~ja‡bi cwigvY wQj 10,000 †KvwU
i) ¯vqx g~jab ii) wbg¾gvb g~jab iii) fvmgvb g~jab
UvKv hv 2014 mv‡j e„w× †c‡q 12,000 †KvwU UvKv nq| A_P ÔLÕ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†`‡k evwl©K g~jab nvi cÖvq 40% Ges RbM‡Yi gv_vwcQz Avq †ewk
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii I Av_©mvgvwRK AeKvVv‡gv A‡bK DbœZ|
35| g~jab MVb wbf©i K‡i- 45| ÔKÕ †`‡k g~jab MV‡bi nvi-
i) mÂ‡qi mvg_©¨ ii) mÂ‡qi B”Qv iii) wewb‡qv‡Mi my‡hvM K) 10% L) 20% M) 30% N) 40%
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 46|ÔLÕ †`‡k g~jab MV‡bi nvi †ewk KviY-
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
184
i) mÂ‡qi mvg_©¨ †ewk wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii) wewb‡qvM myweav †ewk K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
iii) ivR‣bwZK Aw¯wZkxj 64|g~jab n‡jv-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i) Drcv`bkxj ii) AZxZ kÖ‡gi dj iii) mÂ‡qi dj
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 47 I 48 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
AwgZ mv‡ne eëmvi Rb¨ 10,000 UvKv w`‡q GKwU †gwkb µq 65| g~jab mvnvh¨ K‡i-
Ki‡jb| †gwk‡bi Rb¨ Zvi ms¯vcb LiP n‡jv 2,000 UvKv| Gici i) AwaK †fv‡M ii) Drcv`b e„w×‡Z iii) AwaK Avq m„wó‡Z
5,000 UvKvi KvuPvgvj µq K‡i wZwb Drcv`b ïiæ Ki‡jb| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
47| AwgZ mv‡n‡ei eëüZ PjwZ g~jab KZ? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) 2000 UvKv L) 5000 UvKv M) 7000 UvKv N) 10,000 UvKv wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 66 I 67 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
48| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z 5000 UvKv e¨q ‡Kvb ai‡bi g~jab? igRvb gv‡m ¯^cb I mygb `y eÜz wg‡j iv¯Ívi cv‡k GKwU BdZvwii
K) fvmgvb L) mvgvwRK M) cÖK…Z N) N~Y©vqgvb †`vKvb w`j| †`vKv‡bi Rb¨ Zviv wekwU †gjvgvBb †cøU Ges wekwU
49| g~jab Kx? Pv PvgP µq Ki‡jv| GQvov Zviv evwoi eënv‡ii Rb¨ AviI
K) †fv‡Mi eëüZ Dcv`vb L) cÖvK…wZKfv‡e m„ó Dcv`vb cÂvkwU †cøU I PvgP wKbj|
M) mÂq MV‡bi Dcv`vb N) Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb 66|‡`vKv‡bi †cøU I PvgP¸‡jv‡K †Kb g~jab ejv nq?
50| g~jab Drcv`‡bi KZZg Dcv`vb? K) DcvR©‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i e‡j
K) cÖ_g L) wØZxq M) Z…Zxq N) PZz_© L) g~j¨ Av‡Q e‡j
51|Ôm¤ú‡ì wcZv n‡jv kÖg Avi gvZv n‡jv f‚wgÕ|- †K e‡j‡Qb? M) eënv‡ii c‡iI Kv‡R jvM‡e e‡j
K) DBwjqvg †cwU L) †µqvb©µm N) BdZvwii mgq Kv‡R jv‡M e‡j
M) eg IqvK© N) Aa¨vcK wç 67| ‡`vKv‡bi †cøU I PvgP¸‡jv‡K †Kb g~jab ejv hvq?
52| Drcv`‡bi †h Ask cybivq Drcv`b Kv‡R eëüZ nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j? i) eënvwiK `ªe¨ ii) m¤ú` iii) g~jab
K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) msMVb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
53| AvaywbK Kv‡j †KvbwU AwaK Drcv`‡b mnvqZv K‡i? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) KvuPvgvj L) hš¿cvwZ M) g~jab N) †kqvi 68| g~jab †hvMv‡bi Drm KqwU?
54| g~ja‡bi aviYv‡K KqwU w`K †_‡K we‡kølY Kiv hvq? K) 2wU L) 3wU M) 4wU N) 5wU
K) 2wU L) 3wU M) 4wU N) 5wU 69| ‡KvbwU g~ja‡bi •ewkó¨?
55| gvby‡li kÖ‡gi Øviv Drcvw`Z m¤ú‡ì ev e¯‧i †h Ask cybivq K) RxešÍ DcKiY L) AZxZ kÖ‡gi dj
Drcv`b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ nq, Zv‡K Kx e‡j? M) †hvMvb mgq mv‡cÿ N) ÿY¯vqx
K) mÂq L) Avq M) gybvdv N) g~jab 70| g~jab Drcv`‡bi Kx ai‡bi Dcv`vb?
56| Ô‡h mg¯Í m¤ú` †Kv‡bv Avq m„wó K‡i A_ev Avq DcvR©‡b mnvqZv K) ¯vqx L) A¯vqx M) †g․wjK N) P‚ovšÍ
K‡i Zv‡K g~jab e‡jÕ- †K e‡j‡Qb? 71| ‡KvbwU wbw®…q Dcv`vb?
K) †R. Gm.wgj L) Gj iweÝ M) †Kqvb©µm N) P¨vcg¨vb K) kÖg L) msMVb M) g~jab N) kÖwgK
57| GKwU `vjvb‡K evmM„n wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡j ZLb Kx wn‡m‡e cY¨ n‡e? 72| g~ja‡bi cÖavb Dcv`vb †KvbwU?
K) g~jab L) evm¯vb M) †fvM¨cY¨ N) wewb‡qvM K) Drcv`b L) mÂq M) Pvwn`v N) m¤ú`
58| g~jab MV‡bi cÖavb Dcvq †KvbwU? 73| g~ja‡bi •ewkó¨ bq †KvbwU?
K) †fv‡Mi my‡hvM -myweav L) FY MÖnY K) g~jab mÂq Øviv m„ó L) g~jab fwel¨r Av‡qi Drm
M) mÂ‡qi mvg_¨© N) mÂ‡qi Awb”Qv M) g~jab mgRvZxq N) g~ja‡bi Drcv`b e¨q Av‡Q
59| ‡Kvb A_©bxwZwe` g~ja‡bi wZbwU iƒ‡ci K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb? 74| ‡KvbwU g~ja‡bi •ewkó¨?
K) Rb ÷zqvU© wgj L) Av‡jKRvÛvi †Kqvm©µm K) g~jab mwµq DcKiY L) g~jab mgRvZxq
M) eg- evIqvK© N) DBK‡mj M) g~jab Drcv`bkxj N) g~jab mvkÖqx
60| GKwU M„n‡K hw` KviLvbv wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv nq ZLb Zv Kx 75| Drcv`‡bi cÖv_wgK DcKiY Kx Kx?
wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e? K) g~jab I kÖg L) f‚wg I kÖg
K) wkí L) dvg© M) msMVb I g~jab N) g~jab I wewb‡qvM
M) g~jab N) Drcv`‡bi DcKiY 76| cÖK…wZi cÖv_wgK `vg wn‡m‡e †KvbwU AMÖnY‡hvM¨?
61| GKRb K…lK jvOj w`‡q Rwg Pvl K‡ib| GLv‡b jvOj †Kvb ai‡bi K) kÖg L) f‚wg M) msMVb N) g~jab
g~jab? 77| ‡KvbwU †ewk n‡j †`‡k g~jab MV‡bi cwigvYI †ewk nq?
K) Drcv`K L) PjwZ M) fvmgvb N) †fvM¨ K) mÂq L) wewb‡qvM M) †fvM N) Drcv`b

62|‡Kqvb©µ‡mi DwjøwLZ g~ja‡bi wZbwU iƒc n‡jv- 78| Drcv`‡b †g․wjK Dcv`vb n‡jv-
i) e¯‧MZ g~jab i) f‚wg ii) g~jab iii) kÖg
ii) FY g~jab wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii) A_©Kix g~jab K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 79| eënv‡ii gva¨‡g wbt‡kl nq-
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii i) Dc‡hvM ii) g~jab iii) mÂq
63| g~ja‡bi D`vniY n‡jv- wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i) My`vgNi ii) KjKviLvbv iii) KvuPvgvj K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
185
80| g~ja‡bi •ewkó¨ n‡jv- K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
i) g~jab mÂq Øviv m„ó wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 96 I 97 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
ii) g~jab Avq m„wó K‡i Aš‧ 2007 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡gi Bwc‡RW GjvKvq GKwU †mv‡qUvi d¨v±wi
iii) g~jab MwZkxj bq ¯vcb K‡i‡Q| d¨v±wii Rb¨ µqK…Z wewfbœ gvjvgv‡ji A‡bK AskB
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? GLb ÿqcÖvß n‡q Kv‡Ri A‡hvM¨|
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 96| AšÍyi d¨v±wii A‡hvM¨ gvjvgvj¸‡jv g~ja‡bi †Kvb •ewkó¨wU wb‡`©k
81| g~jab n‡jv Drcv`‡bi- K‡i?
i) A‡g․wjK Dcv`vb ii) †g․wjK Dcv`vb iii) A¯vqx Dcv`vb K) g~jab mÂ‡qi dj L) g~jab fwel¨r Av‡qi Drm
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M) g~jab n‡jv A¯vqx Dcv`vb N) g~jab n‡jv wbw¯…q Dcv`vb
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 97| Aš‧i g‡Zv d¨v±wii gvwjKiv AvayywbK I bZzb hš¿cvwZi mvnv‡h¨-
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 82 I 83 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: i) Drcv`b e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i
iwng mv‡ne XvKvi GKwU †QvU evmvq emevm K‡ib| wZwb eZ©gv‡b H ii) kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i
evmvq emev‡mi cvkvcvwk cvuPwU †mjvB †gwkb ewm‡q cvuPRb bvix iii) AwaK Drcv`b SzuwK enb K‡i
kÖwgK w`‡q wewµi D‡Ï‡k¨ bvix‡ì wewfbœ †cvkvK I •Zix K‡i‡Qb| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
82| iwng mv‡n‡ei †mjvB †gwkb¸‡jv‡K Kx ejv nq? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) g~j¨nxb m¤ú` L) msMVb M) g~jab N) Kg`vwg m¤ú` 98| g~jab‡K cÖavbZ Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
83| eZ©gv‡b iwng mv‡n‡ei evmvwU GKvav‡i- K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
i) g~jab ii) m¤ú` iii) eëmvq cÖwZôvb 99|wb‡Pi †KvbwU wbg¾gvb g~ja‡bi D`vniY?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) †ijc_ L) evwo M) we`y¨r M) KvuPvgvj
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 100| wb‡¤œi †KvbwU PjwZ g~jab?
84| ‡KvbwU g~ja‡bi KvR? K) KvuPvgvj L) `vjvb‡KvVv M) fvix hš¿cvwZ N) AvmevecÎ
K) kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv m„wó L) kÖ‡gi gRywi e„w× 101| mvaviYZ †KvbwUi gvcKvwV‡Z g~jab cwigvc Kiv nq?
M) kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv m„wó N) kÖwg‡Ki msL¨v e„w× K) A‡_©i L) †fv‡Mi M) hš¿cvwZi N) m¤úwËi
85| cyuwRev` D™¢e I weKv‡ki g~j KviY Kx? 102| we`y¨r, M¨vm I Kqjv †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab?
K) kÖg L) g~jab M) msMVb N) f‚wg K) wbgw¾Z L) fvmgvb M) Zij N) RvZxq
86| AvaywbK Drcv`b eë¯v cÖavbZ Kx‡mi Ici wbf©ikxj? 103| iscy‡i cÖPzi cvU Drcv`b nq| G exR †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab?
K) kÖg L) msMVb M) g~jab N) mÂq K) PjwZ L) ¯vqx M) fvmgvb N) wbg¾gvb
87| wk‡ívbœqb g~jZ g~ja‡bi Kx‡mi Ici wbf©ikxj? 104| iƒccyi cvigvYweK we`y¨r‡K‡›`ª eëüZ ÔBD‡iwbqvgÕ µ‡qi Rb¨
K) wewb‡qvM L) Drcv`b M) †fvM N) kÖg eëüZ A_© †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab?
88| Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU DcKiY wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq? K) Ave× g~jab L) fvmgvb g~jab
K) †fvM L) g~jab M) mÂq N) wewb‡qvM M) N~Yv©qgvb g~jab N) Kvh©Kix g~jab
89| DbœZ †`k¸‡jvi A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi PvweKvwV Kx? 105| KjKviLvbv †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab?
K) kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv L) eëmvwqK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv K) ¯vqx L) PjwZ M) RvZxq N) fvmgvb
M) g~ja‡bi cÖvPzh©Zv N) AwaK RbmsL¨v 106| ‡UªWgvK© †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab?
90| ‡eKvi mgm¨vi g~‡j Kx Av‡Q? K) †fvM¨ g~jab L) Ave× g~jab
K) `ÿ kÖwg‡Ki Afve L) g~ja‡bi Afve M) ¯vqx g~jab N) fvmgvb g~jab
M) D‡`¨v³vi Afve N) hš¿cvwZi Afve 107| ‡`k‡cÖg Kx ai‡bi g~jab?
91| DbœZ I Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i cv_©‡Kï g~‡j i‡q‡Q †KvbwU? K) AvšÍR©vwZK L) mvgvwRK M) RvZxq N) wbg¾gvb
K) g~jab L) DbœZ f‚wg 108| ‡mjvB †gwkb †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab?
M) KvwiMwi Ávb N) AwaK mvgvwRK Avq K) fvmgvb L) wbg¾gvb M) RvZxq N) ‡fvM¨ g~jab
92|Rwmg ivBm wg‡j DbœZ cÖhyw³i eënvi K‡i avb ïKv‡bv, gvovB I 109| ‡ij BwÄb †Kej †i‡ji ewM ev †ijMvwo Uvbvi Kv‡R jv‡M GwU
Xvj •Zixi eë¯v K‡i‡Q| Zvi Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g dz‡U D‡V‡Q- †Kvb g~ja‡bi AšÍM©Z?
i) g~ja‡bi h_vh_ eënvi ii) DbœZ cÖhyw³i eënvi K) RvZxq L) wbg¾gvb M) RvZxq N) fvmgvb
iii) kÖg wefvM cÖeZ©b 110| ‡KvbwU w¯wZ¯vcK g~jab?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) PjwZ L) ¯vqx M) AvšÍR©vwZK N) fvmgvb
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 111| Rbve kwn‡ì DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cÖvß evwo †Kvb ai‡bi g~ja‡bi
93|A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ my`„p mvgvwRK eywbqv` n‡jv- D`vniY?
K) e¨w³MZ L) mvgvwRK M) RvZxq N) Kvh©Kix g~jab
i) wkÿv eë¯v ii) ¯^v¯¨ LvZ iii) e¨vsK eë¯v
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 112| ‡h g~jab ivóªxq gvwjKvbvq _v‡K Zv‡K wK e‡j?
K) e¨w³MZ g~jab L) RvZxq g~jab
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) AvšÍR©vwZK g~jab N) miKvwi g~jab
94| g~ja‡bi KvR-
113| wb‡Pi †KvbwU m¤ú‡ì Ask?
i) Drcv`b e„w× iii) Kg©ms¯vb e„w× iii) kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv e„w×
K) †fvM L) wewb‡qvM M) g~jab N) Drcv`b
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
114| wk‡íi cÖavb KvuPvgvj M¨vm| GwU‡K †Kvb ai‡bi g~ja‡bi mv‡_
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii Zzjbv Kiv hvq?
95| AwaK nv‡i g~jab MwVZ n‡j †`‡k- K) PjwZ g~jab L) †fvM¨ g~jab
i) †eKviZ¡ K‡g ii) Kg©ms¯vb m„wó nq iii) iv¯ÍvNvU DbœZ nq M) fvmgvb g~jab N) Ave× g~jab
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
186
115| ¯vwq‡Z¡i wfwË‡Z g~jab‡K cÖavbZ- cvDÛ¸‡jv wb‡Ri Kv‡Q †i‡L w`‡jb| wZwb gbw¯i Ki‡jb GB A_©
i) ¯vqx g~jab ii) RvZxq g~jab iii) PjwZ g~jab †Kv‡bv Kv‡R LiP Ki‡eb bv|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?. 130| Zvwg‡gi cvDÛ¸‡jv‡K g~jab ej‡Z wK Ki‡Z n‡e?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) UvKvq iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e
116| PjwZ g~jab eënvi Kiv nq- L) eëmvi Kv‡R wb‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e
i) •bwgwËK e¨q wbev©‡n M) Ab¨ †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K `vb Ki‡Z n‡e
ii) ¯vqx m¤úwËi eë¯vcbvq N) UvKvq iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z n‡e
iii) ¯vqx m¤ú` wbg©v‡Y 131| Zvwg‡gi Giƒc gvbwmKZv-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i) RvZxq Dbœqb‡K evavMÖ¯ K‡i
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii ii) A_©‣bwZK mg„w×i AšÍivq
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 117 I 118 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: iii) e¨w³MZ DbœwZi jÿY
ZwiKzj Bmjvg XvKvi wgicy‡i †mv‡qUvi KviLvbv ¯vc‡bi Rb¨ GKwU wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wZbZjv wewìs µq K‡ib| †mLv‡b AviI wKQz cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
¯vcb K‡i wZwb Drcv`b Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡ib| 132| g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv KZ cÖKvi?
117| ZwiKzj Bmjv‡gi µqK…Z wewìswU †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab? K) `yB L) wZb M) Pvi N) cvuP
K) ¯vqx L) PjwZ M) wbg¾gvb N) fvmgvb 133| ‡Kvb g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv Kg?
118|D³ g~ja‡bi DcKiY n‡jv- K) fvmgvb L) wbg¾gvb M) e¨w³MZ N) RvZxq
i) KjKviLvbv ii) KvuPvgvj iii) fvwi hš¿cvwZ 134| Pvj •Zix‡Z Kqjvi eënvi‡K wK e‡j?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv L) g~jab MVb
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii M) g~ja‡bi Pvwn`v N) g~ja‡bi †hvMvb
119| ‡KvbwU‡K A_©bxwZi cÖvY kw³ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq? 135| g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv ej‡Z wK †evSvq?
K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) msMVb K) g~ja‡bi †hvMvb L) g~ja‡bi Pvwn`v
120| g~jab eënvi Kivi Rb¨ g~jab eënviKvix g~jab `vZv‡K wK M) g~ja‡bi ¯vbvšÍi N) g~ja‡bi MVb
cÖ`vb K‡i? 136| g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv Kx Dcv‡q †eKviZ¡ Kgvq?
K) LvRbv L) my` M) gRywi N) gybvdv K) FYcÖ`vb K‡i L) cÖwkÿY w`‡q
121| Kx‡mi e¨vcK cÖmvi †`‡ki cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì c~Y© eënvi wbwðZ K‡i? M) eëmvq m¤úªmviY K‡i N) fvZv cÖ`vb K‡i
K) f‚wg L) mÂq M) wewb‡qvM N) g~jab 137| ¯^í‡gqvw` F‡Yi MwZkxjZv †Kgb?
122| `ªæZ A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †KvbwU Acwinvh©? K) Kg L) †ewk M) k~b¨ N) Amxg
K) K…wl Dbœqb L) kÖwgK‡ì e„w× M) cwiKíbv N) ¯^í e¨q 138| Ôwbweo MÖæcÕ nvDwRs eëmvq L¨vwZ AR©b K‡i Zv‡ì cyuwR cwienb
123| wb‡Pi †KvbwU A_©‣bwZK AeKvVv‡gv? Lv‡Z wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z AvMÖnx| GZ Øviv Kx dz‡U D‡V‡Q?
K) nvmcvZvj L) b`x e›ì M) we`¨vjq N) g~jab K) kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv L) KvieviMZ MwZkxjZv
124| wb‡Pi †KvbwU kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv e„w× K‡i? M) †ckvMZ MwZkxjZv N) ¯ÍiMZ MwZkxjZv
K) mÂq L) †fvM M) wewb‡qvM N) g~jab 139| Zzjv †K‡U myZv •Zwi Kiv n‡j, Zv‡K g~ja‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi
125| cwiKíbvi mdj ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ Kx cÖ‡qvRb? MwZkxjZv e‡j?
K) wewb‡qvM L) Drcv`b M) †fvM N) g~jab K) Af¨šÍixY MwZkxjZv L) KvieviMZ MwZkxjZv
126| eëmvq-evwY‡R¨ A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖwZeÜK Kx? M) wkíMZ MwZkxjZv N) ¯ÍiMZ MwZkxjZv
K) Kg gv_vwcQz Avq L) Kg mÂq 140| evsjv‡`‡k Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq KvuPvgvj †Kv_v ‡_‡K Av‡m?
M) Kg g~jab MVb N) Kg kÖ‡gi gRywi K) wkí LvZ L) K…wl LvZ
127| Kx‡mi gva¨‡g Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vbmg~n mn‡R msMÖn Kiv hvq? M) †mev LvZ N) g¨vbyd¨vKPvwis LvZ
K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) wewb‡qvM 141| g~ja‡bi †hvMvb Acwinvh© †Kb?
128|g~jab eënv‡ii d‡j Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î µgea©gvb Drcv`b wewa K) eëmvwqK ÿwZ Kgv‡Z L) •bwgwËK LiP wbe©v‡n
Kvh©Ki nq| Gi d‡j- M) bZzb cY¨ µq N) cY¨ †ePv‡Kbvq
i) Mo I kÖwgK e¨q n«vm cvq 142| g~jab †hvMv‡bi †ÿ‡Î g~jab f‚wgKv iv‡L-
ii) kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv e„w× cvq i) hš¿cvwZi †hvMvb w`‡q
iii) †gvU Drcv`b e„w× cvq ii) AvaywbK hš¿cvwZi †hvMvb w`‡q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii) Avmevec‡Îi †hvMvb w`‡q
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
129| g~jab eënv‡ii d‡j ev‡o-
i) gv_vwcQz Drcv`b ii) kÖwg‡Ki gRywi iii) RxebhvÎvi gvb 143| g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZvi KviY n‡jv-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i) wewb‡qv‡Mi AbyK‚j cwi‡ek
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii ii) my‡ì nv‡ii cwieZ©b
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 130 I 131 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: iii) wewb‡qv‡Mi my‡hvM myweav
Zvwgg mv‡ne hLb †klev‡ii Rb¨ jÛb †_‡K evsjv‡`‡k wdi‡jb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ZLb Zvi Kv‡Q Aewkó wQj cvuP nvRvi cvDÛ| wZwb we‡`‡k Avi K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
hv‡eb bv Ges †eZb wn‡m‡e Avi cvDÛ cv‡e bv| GB †f‡e 144| g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv wbf©i K‡i-
i) wewb‡qv‡Mi cwi‡ek
187
ii) g~ja‡bi cÖvPzh©Zv M) ivóªxq mÂq N) mgevq mÂq
iii) ivR‣bwZK w¯wZkxjZv 160| Avw_©K mÂq msMÖn Kivi gva¨g n‡jv-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i) e¨vsK ii) wegv †Kv¤úvwb iii) mgevq cÖwZôvb
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
145| g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv e„w× cv‡e hw`- K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
i) mvgvwRK wbivcËv _v‡K 161|g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZvi Ici cÖfve we¯ÍviKvix Drcv`vbmg~n n‡jv-
ii) mvgvwRK AeKvVv‡gv DbœZ nq i) g~ja‡bi Pvwn`v
iii) wewb‡qvM wbivcËv AwbwðZ nq ii) cvwievwiK †¯œn-ggZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii) gybvdv jv‡fi cÖZ¨vkv
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
146| g~jab †hvMv‡bi Af¨šÍixY Drm n‡jv- K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
i) ivR¯^ D×…Ë ii) FDR iii) wbU g~jab Avq 162| miKvwi mÂq n‡jv-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i) DØ„Ë Ki-ivR¯^
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii ii) f¨vU I U¨v·
** wb‡Pi DÏxcK c‡ov Ges 147 I 148bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: iii) ivóªqZ¡ cÖwZôv‡bi gybvdv
‡bvgvb mv‡ne GKRb Kvco eëmvqx| Gevi C` †g․my‡g Uv½vB‡ji wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
kvwoi †ek Pvwn`v _vKvq wZwb we‡`wk kvwoi Avg`vwb Kwg‡q K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
Uv½vB‡ji kvwoi gRyZ evwo‡q w`‡jb| G‡Z wZwb A‡bK A_© AR©b 163|Avgv‡ì †`‡k g~jab MV‡bi cÖavb mgm¨v n‡jv-
Ki‡jb| D×„Ë UvKv †_‡K GKwU Ask wZwb Zvi fvB‡qi dvwb©Pvi i) ¯^í Avq ii) AwaK †fvM iii) ¯^í mÂq
eëmvq wewb‡qvM K‡iI mdj n‡jb| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
147| ‡bvgvb mv‡n‡ei we‡`wk kvwoi Avg`vwb Kwg‡q †Ìqvi KviY †KvbwU? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) e¨q †ewk L) AjvfRbK M) Pvwn`v Kg N) †hvMvb Kg wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 164 I 165 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
148| DÏxcK Abymv‡i †bvgvb mv‡n‡ei g~ja‡b †Kvb ai‡bi MwZkxjZv e¸ovi Rvgvb mv‡n‡ei GKwU KviLvbv wQj| wZwb AwaK jv‡fi
m„wó n‡q‡Q- Avmvq GB KviLvbvi hš¿cvwZ I gvjvgvj XvKvi hvÎvevox‡Z ¯vbvšÍi
i) ‡f․MvwjK MwZkxjZv K‡ib|
ii) †ckvMZ MwZkxjZv 164| Rvgvb mv‡n‡ei KviLvbvi hš¿cvwZ I gvjvgvj ¯vbvšÍi‡K
iii) wkíMZ MwZkxjZv A_©bxwZi fvlvq Kx ejv nq?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) eëmv‡qi MwZkxjZv L) g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii M) g~ja‡bi Pvwn`v N) eëmvwqK Pvwn`v
149| AvaywbK I Aeva A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jab MV‡bi cÖwµqv KqwU ¯Í‡i 165| Rvgvb mv‡n‡ei GB Kg©Kv‡Û-
wef³? i) †`‡ki mylg Dbœqb msNwUZ n‡e
K) 2wU L) 3wU M) 4wU N) 5wU ii) Drcv`‡bi cwigvY evo‡e
150| ‡KvbwU mÂq‡K we‡klfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i? iii) Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î bZybZ¡ Avm‡e
K) wkÿvi nvi L) Ki M) my‡ì nvi N) ‡fvM wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
151| mÂ‡qi mvg_¨© Kx‡mi Ici wbf©i K‡i? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) †fvM L) Avq M) B”Qv N) wkÿv DËicÎ
152|Kxfv‡e g~jab MVb Kiv nq? 1.L 2.K 3.L 4.M 5.K
K) †fv‡Mi gva¨‡g L) e¨‡qi gva¨‡g 6.L 7.L 8.L 9.K 10.N
M) mÂ‡qi gva¨‡g N) F‡Yi gva¨‡g 11.L 12.L 13.N 14.N 15.L
153| g~jab MV‡bi †kl ch©vq †KvbwU? 16.N 17.K 18.K 19.M 20.K
K) Avw_©K mÂq msMÖn L) mÂ‡qi g~ja‡b iƒcvšÍi 21.L 22.N 23.N 24.K 25.N
M) mvgvwRK ghv©`v jvf N) Avw_©K mÂq m„wó 26.M 27.N 28.M 29.M 30.N
154| gvby‡li g‡a¨ fwel¨r m¤ú‡K© m‡PZbZv e„w× †c‡j Kx ev‡o?
31.L 32.L 33.K 34.K 35.N
K) Avq L) mÂq M) wewb‡qvM N) †fvM
36.L 37.K 38.N 39.L 40.K
155| g~jab MVb KLb k~b¨ nq?
41.L 42.K 43.L 44.N 45.L
K) mÂq- wewb‡qvM= 0 n‡j L) Avq - e¨q = 0 n‡j
46.K 47.L 48.N 49.N 50.M
M) mÂq-wewb‡qvM > 0 n‡j N) Avq-e¨q > 0 n‡j
51.K 52.M 53.M 54.K 55.N
156| e¨w³ we‡k‡li mÂq Kx‡mi Dci wbf©i K‡i?
K) mÂ‡qi B”Qv I †¯œn ggZv L) mÂ‡qi mvg_©¨ I `~i`„wó 56.N 57.M 58.M 59.L 60.M
M) mÂ‡qi B”Qv I mvg_©¨ N) wkÿvi Ici| 61.K 62.N 63.N 64.N 65.N
157| g~jab MV‡b †Kvb Dcv`vbwU †ewk f‚wgKv iv‡L? 66.K 67.K 68.K 69.L 70.L
K) Drcv`b L) mÂq M) wewb‡qvM N) my‡ì nvi 71.M 72.L 73.M 74.M 75.L
158| g~jab MV‡bi cÖwµqvi cÖv_wgK ¯Íi †KvbwU? 76.N 77.K 78.L 79.K 80.K
K) g~jabx `ªe¨ iƒcvšÍi L) Drcv`b 81.L 82.M 83.K 84.K 85.L
M) Avw_©K mÂq m„wó N) Avw_©K mÂq msMÖn 86.M 87.K 88.L 89.M 90.L
159|mÂq m„wó‡Z †Kvb mÂq gyL¨ f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i? 91.K 92.K 93.N 94.N 95.N
K) e¨w³MZ mÂq L) AvšÍR©vwZK mÂq 96.M 97.K 98.K 99.K 100.K
188
101.K 102.L 103.K 104.K 105.K K) wewb‡qvM L) kÖg M) g~jab N) Drcv`b
106.M 107.M 108.L 109.L 110.K 17| GKwU mgy`ªMvgx RvnvR †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab?
111.K 112.L 113.M 114.M 115.L K) RvZxq g~jab L) e¨w³MZ g~jab
116.K 117.K 118.L 119.M 120.L M) mvgvwRK g~jab N) ¯vqx g~jab
121.N 122.M 123.L 124.N 125.N 18| Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU DcKiY wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq?
126.M 127.M 128.N 129.N 130.L K) RbmsL¨v L) wewb‡qvM M) g~jab N) mÂq
131.K 132.L 133.L 134.K 135.M 19| g~jab MV‡bi cÖwµqv KqwU ¯Í‡i wef³?
136.M 137.K 138.L 139.N 140.L K) 2wU L) 3wU M) 4wU N) 5wU
141.L 142.N 143.N 144.N 145.K 20| miKv‡ii †Kvb bxwZ Rbmvavi‡Yi mÂq Af¨vm‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i?
146.L 147.M 148.M 149.L 150.M K) KibxwZ L) †fvM bxwZ M) fZz©wK bxwZ N) Drcv`b
151.L 152.M 153.L 154.L 155.L 21| ‡Kqvb©µm g~ja‡bi KqwU iƒc D‡jøL K‡ib?
K) 2wU L) 3wU M) 4wU N) 5wU
156.M 157.L 158.M 159.K 160.N
22| mKj e¨w³MZ I mvgwMÖK/‡h․_ g~ja‡bi mgwó †Kvb g~jab?
161.L 162.L 163.L 164.L 165.N
K) e¨w³MZ g~~jab L) mvgwMÖK g~jab
cÖ‡dmi †gvt †mvnivIqv`©x I w`jviv AviRy m¨vi M) Ave× g~jab N) RvZxq g~jab
1| g~jab Kx? 23| ‡KvbwU g~ja‡bi †hvMv‡bi wba©viK?
K) †fv‡Mi eëüZ Dcv`vb L) cÖvK…wZKfv‡e m„ó Dcv`vb K) mÂq L) †fvM M) wewb‡qvM N) RvZxq Avq
M) mÂq MV‡bi Dcv`vb N) Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb 24| g~jab eënvi Kivi Rb¨ g~jab eënviKvix g~jab `vZv‡K wK
2| gvby‡li kÖ‡gi Øviv Drcvw`Z m¤ú‡ì ev e¯‧i †h Ask cybivq cÖ`vb K‡i?
Drcv`b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ nq, Zv‡K wK e‡j? K) LvRbv L) gRywi M) my` N) gybvdv
K) mÂq L) Avq M) gybvdv N) g~jab 25| eëmv‡qi •`bw›`b Kvhv©ewj cwiPvjbvq Rb¨ Kx eënvi Kiv nq?
3| ‡h g~jab GKevi eëüZ n‡jB wbt‡kl n‡q hvq Zv‡K wK e‡j? K) ¯vqx g~jab L) PjwZ g~jab
K) ¯vqx g~jab L) PjwZ g~jab M) msiÿY Znwej N) e¨vsK Znwej
N) wbg¾gvb g~jab N) N~Y©vqgvb g~jab 26| wb‡Pi †KvbwU fwel¨r Av‡qi Drm wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i?
4| ‡h g~jab eûw`b Drcv`b Kv‡R eënvi Kiv hvq Zv‡K wK e‡j? K) hš¿cvwZ L) wewb‡qvM M) f‚wg N) g~jab
K) ¯vqx g~jab L) A¯vqx g~jab 27| DbœZ †`‡k g~jab MV‡bi nvi †ewk nIqvi KviYÑ
M) wbg¾gvb g~jab N) PjwZ g~jab i) mÂq MV‡bi nvi †ewk
5| eëmvq-evwY‡R¨ A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi Ab¨Zg cÖwZeÜK Kx? ii) wewb‡qvM myweav †ewk
K) gv_vwcQz Avq Kg L) mÂq Kg iii) ivR‣bwZK w¯wZkxjZv
M) g~jab MVb Kg N) kÖ‡gi gRywi Kg wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
6| eënv‡ii wfwË‡Z g~jab Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) 2 L) 3 M) 6 N) 5 28| g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv e„w× cv‡e hw`-
7| ‡KvbwU g~ja‡bi ‣ewkó¨?
i) mvgvwRK wbivcËv _v‡K
K) RxešÍ DcKiY L) AZxZ kÖ‡gi dj
ii) mvgvwRK AeKvVv‡gv DbœZ nq
M) †hvMvb mgq mv‡cÿ N) ÿY¯vqx
8| we`y¨r, M¨vm I Kqjv †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab? iii) wewb‡qv‡Mi wbivcËv wbwðZ nq
K) wbgw¾Z L) fvmgvb M) Zij N) RvZxq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
9| ‡KvbwU g~ja‡bi KvR? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) kÖ‡gi `ÿZv m„wó L) kÖ‡gi gRywi e„w× 29| Kwi‡gi 1g Avg evMvb Av‡Q| Kwig †mLvb †_‡K Avg Lvq,
M) kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv m„wó N) kÖ‡gi msL¨v e„w× cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì †`q Ges wewµ K‡i gybvdv AR©b K‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î Avg
10| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mvgwMÖK g~ja‡bi D`vniY? Kwi‡gi Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab?
K) ivBmwgj L) †ijc_ M) mgy`Mª vgx RvnvR N) hš¿cvwZ i) †fvM¨ g~jab ii) AjvfRbK g~jab iii) Drcv`K g~jab
11| ‡Kvb g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv †ewk? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) fvmgvb L) wbg¾gvb M) e¨w³MZ N) RvZxq K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
12| g~ja‡bi gvwjKvbv hLb e¨w³MZ chv©‡q _v‡K ZLb Zv‡K †Kvb 30| GKwU AvaywbK I Aeva A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jab MV‡bi ¯Íi¸‡jv n‡j-
g~jab e‡j? i) Avw_©K mÂ‡qi m„wó
K) e¨w³MZ g~jab L) mvgwMÖK g~jab ii) Avw_©K mÂq msMÖn I FY`vb
M) Ave× g~jab N) Abve× g~jab iii) Avw_©K mÂq‡K g~jab `ª‡e¨ iƒcvšÍi
13| mgv‡Ri ev Rbmvavi‡Yi gvwjKvbvq †h g~jab _v‡K Zv‡K †Kvb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
g~jab e‡j? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) e¨w³MZ g~jab L) mvgwMÖK g~jab 31| g~jab eënv‡ii d‡j ev‡o-
M) Ave× g~jab N) Abve× g~jab i) gv_vwcQz Drcv`b ii) kÖwg‡Ki gRywi iii) RxebhvÎvi gvb
14| Ôm¤ú‡ì wcZv n‡jv kÖg Avi gvZv n‡jv f‚wgÕ-‡K e‡j‡Qb? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) DBwjqvg †cwU L) †Kvqvb©µm K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) egevIqvK© N) Aa¨vcK wç 32| cyuwRev`x mgv‡R Avw_©K mÂq m„wó nq-
15| GK mgq †KvbwU‡K ÔcÖe„w×i PvwjKvkw³Õ ejv n‡Zv? i) e¨w³MZ mÂ‡qi gva¨‡g
K) g~jab L) kÖg M) wewb‡qvM N) Drcv`b ii) Kvievwi cªwZôv‡bi AvewÈZ gybvdv wewb‡qvM bv K‡i
16| wk‡ívbœqb g~jZ g~ja‡bi wK‡mi Ici wbf©ikxj?
189
iii) ivR¯^ DØ„‡Ëi gva¨‡g iii) ¯^íKv‡j we‡eP¨
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
33| AvewZ©Z g~ja‡bi •ewkó¨- DËicÎ 1.N 2.M 3.L 4.K 5.M
i) GB g~jab GKeviB eënvi Kiv nq 6.M 7.L 8.L 9.K 10.L 11.K
ii) GB g~jab eënv‡ii d‡j wbt‡kl nq bv 12.K 13.L 14.K 15.K 16.K 17.K
iii) eënv‡ii d‡j Gi iƒcMZ cwieZ©b nq 18.M 19.L 20.K 21.L 22.N 23.K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 24.M 25.L 26.N 27.N 28.N 29.L
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 30.N 31.N 32.N 33.L 34.L 35.N
34| evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li mÂ‡qi nvi Lye Kg nIqvi KviY n‡jv- 36.M 37.L 38.M 39.N 40.M 41.K
i) Aí Avq iYwRZ Kzgvi bv_ m¨vi
ii) cvwievwiK †¯œn-ggZv 1| g~ja‡bi ¯vbvšÍi‡K wK e‡j?
iii) e¨vcK `vwi`ª¨ K) ¯vqx g~jab L) PjwZ g~jab
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M) g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv N) g~ja‡bi †hvMvb
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 2| eëmvq evwY‡R¨ Drcv`bkxjZv m„wó Kiv‡K wK e‡j?
35| mÂq Kg n‡j wewb‡qvM Kg nq, wewb‡qvM Kg n‡j- K) g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv L) g~ja‡bi †hvMvb
i) g~jab MV‡bi cÖwµqv e¨nZ nq M) PjwZ g~jab N) ¯vqx g~jab
ii) Drcv`b Kg nq 3| Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb †KvbwU?
iii) g~jab MV‡bi nviI Kg K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) msMVb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 4| Pvj •Zix‡Z Kqjvi eënvi‡K wK e‡j?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv L) g~jab MVb
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 36 I 37 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: M) g~ja‡bi Pvwn`v N) g~ja‡bi †hvMvb
iwe GKwU Mv‡g©›Um d¨v±wi‡Z cvuP eQi PvKwi K‡i‡Qb| Zvi A‡bK 5| ‡h g~jab Drcv`‡b GKevi eënvi n‡jB wbt‡kl nq Zv‡K wK e‡j?
w`‡bi B”Qv wZwb GKwU †UBjv‡ii †`vKvb †`‡eb| ZvB wZwb g~jab K) ¯vqx g~jab L) PjwZ g~jab
MV‡bi Rb¨ Aí Aí K‡i mÂq K‡i‡Qb| Rgv‡bv UvKv w`‡q †mjvB M) cÖK…Z g~jab N) N~Y©vqgvb g~jab
6| g~ja‡bi •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
†gwkbmn Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ µq K‡i bZzb eëmv ïiæ K‡ib|
K) Drcv`bkxj L) Abyrcv`bkxj
36| iwei †mjvB ‡gwkbmn Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ‡K A_©bxwZi
M) mÂq m„wó K‡i N) mwµq Dcv`vb
cwifvlvq Kx ejv nq? 7| gvwjK KZ©„K Kg©Pvix‡ì Rb¨ wbwg©Z evmfeb †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab?
K) †hvMvb L) mÂq K) PjwZ L) fvmgvb M) †fvM¨ N) Drcv`b
M) g~jab N) wewb‡qvM 8| ¯vqx g~jab wbf©i K‡i-
37| iwei g~jab e„w× wbf©i K‡i‡Q- i) eëmvq cÖwZôvbwU eo bv †QvU
i) mÂ‡qi mvg_©¨, mÂ‡qi B”Qv ii) GwU KzwUi wkí, n¯Í wkí, hš¿ wkí
ii) Drcv`b ÿgZv, cÖhyw³ I mvsMVwbK ÿgZv iii) wbR¯^ g~jab Kx cwigvY wewb‡qvM K‡i‡Q
iii) wewb‡qv‡Mi my‡hvM wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
9| cwieZ©bkxj g~ja‡bi wba©viKmg~n n‡jv-
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
i) eëmvq AvKvi
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 38 I 39 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
ii) Drcv`‡bi mgq
M wm‡g›U kÖwgK‡ì Rb¨ KviLvbv GjvKvq m¤úªwZ Avevm‡bi
iii) cªe„w× I m¤úªmvi‡Yi gvÎv
eë¯v K‡i‡Q Ges AviI `ywU Drcv`b BDwbU ¯vc‡bi wm×všÍ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡q‡Q| mv¤úªwZKKv‡j †kqvi evRv‡i ìcZb N‡U‡Q| PjwZ K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
A_©eQ‡i miKvi e¨vsK nvi evov‡bvi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q| 10| g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv e„w× cv‡e, hw`-
38| eënv‡ii wfwË‡Z M wm‡g›U d¨v±wii ms‡hvwRZ g~jab †Kvb ai‡bi? i) AeKvVv‡gv DbœZ nq ii) my‡ì nvi e„w× cvq
K) wbgw¾Z g~jab L) fvimvg¨ g~jab iii) wewb‡qvM wbivcËv wbwðZ nq
M) †fvM¨ g~jab N) Drcv`b g~jab wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 39 I 40 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 11| g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZvi d‡j-
nvweeyi ingvb XvKvi mvfv‡i †mv‡qUvi KviLvbv ¯vc‡bi Rb¨ GKwU i) AvÂwjK ab‣elg¨ `~i nq
wZb Zjv wewìs µq K‡ib| †mLv‡b AviI hš¿cvwZ ¯vcb K‡i wZwb ii) †`‡k †`‡k wewb‡qvM e„w× cvq
Drcv`b Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡ib| iii) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v n«vm cvq
40| nvweeyi ingv‡bi µq K…Z wewìswU †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) fvmgvb L) PjwZ M) ¯vqx N) Ave× K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
41| G ai‡bi g~ja‡bi •ewkó¨ n‡jv- 12| g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZvi KviY n‡jv-
i) evi evi eënvi Kiv hvq i) wewb‡qv‡Mi AbyK‚j cwi‡ek
ii) `xN©Kvjxb Drm †_‡K M„nxZ ii) my‡ì nv‡ii cwieZ©b
190
iii) wewb‡qv‡Mi my‡hvM-myweav B †`‡k 2012 mv‡ji Ryb ch©šÍ 300 †KvwU UvKvi g~jab wQj|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 2013 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m G g~ja‡bi cwigvb nq 350 †KvwU UvKv
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii Ges g~jab mvgMÖxi ÿqÿwZi cwigvY `vuovq 2 †KvwU UvKv| 2013-
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 13 I 14 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 2014 mv‡j e¨w³MZ I miKvwi cÖ‡Pôvq G g~jab MV‡bi cwigvY
AbybœZ AeKvVv‡gv, kw³ m¤ú‡ì AcÖvPzh©Zv Ges ivR‣bwZK Av‡iv †e‡o 500 †KvwU UvKv nq|
Aw¯wZkxjZv †hme †`kmg~n wbZ¨m½x †m me †`kmg~‡n wek¦vq‡bi 20| 2012-2013 A_© eQ‡i wbU g~jab e„w×i cwigvb KZ?
GB hy‡MI cÖZ¨ÿ •e‡`wkK wewb‡qvMmn g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv ¯^í| K) 45 †KvwU UvKv L) 46 †KvwU UvKv
13| DÏxc‡K eëüZ ÔMwZkxjZvÕ kãwU wb‡¤œv³ †Kvb †Kvb jvB‡bi M) 47 †KvwU UvKv N) 48 †KvwU UvKv
mv‡_ cÖvmw½K- 21| 2012-2013 Gi †cÖwÿ‡Z 2013-14 A_© eQ‡i MVb AviI e„w×i KviY-
i) m¤ú` e„w×i cÖeYZv i) Avgvb‡Zi Dci my` e„w×
ii) g~ja‡bi Af¨šÍixY ¯vbvšÍi ii) wewb‡qv‡Mi †ÿÎ e„w×
iii) g~ja‡bi AvšÍR©vwZK ¯vbvšÍi iii) mwÂZ A_© g~jabx `ªe¨ Drcv`‡b wb‡qvM
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
14| Giƒc MwZkxjZvq- wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 22 I 23 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) wewbgq nv‡ii bgbxqZv wbf©ikxj wd‡ivR mv‡ne GKRb A_©bxwZi M‡elK| wZwb †`L‡jb Zvi †`‡k
L) •ewk¦K evwY‡Rï mydj jvf Kiv hvq bv 2013 mv‡j †gvU g~jab wQ‡jv 20,000 ‡KvwU UvKv hv 2014 mv‡j
M) •e‡`wkK wewb‡qvM e„w× cvq bv e„w× †c‡q `vuovq 25000 ‡KvwU UvKv| hv Zvi `„wó‡Z LyeB Kg|
N) D”PZi cÖe„w× AwR©Z nq bv wZwb x †`‡k wM‡q †`‡Lb †mLv‡b evwl©K g~jab MV‡bi nvi cÖvq
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 15 I 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 35% RbM‡Yi gv_vwcQz Avq †ewk Ges Av_©-mvgvwRK AeKvVv‡gv
wgZz evevi KvQ †_‡K 60,000 UvKv wb‡q gyiwMi Lvgvi ¯vcb Zvi †`‡ki Zzjbvq A‡bK DbœZ|
K‡ib| GK eQi ci Zvi †gvU g~jab 80,000 UvKv n‡jv, G‡Z 22| wd‡ivR mv‡n‡ei †`‡k g~jab MV‡bi nvi KZ?
ÿqÿwZRwbZ e¨q 7,000 UvKv| Zvi cÖwZôv‡b 8 Rb kÖwgK KvR K) 20% L) 25% M) 30% N) 35%
K‡i| wgZzi myôz eë¯vcbvq kÖwgK‡ì Drcv`b ÿgZv e„w× †c‡q‡Q| 23| x †`‡k wd‡ivR mv‡n‡ei †`‡ki Zzjbvq g~jab MV‡bi nvi †ewk| KviY-
15| wgZzi evwl©K †gvU g~jab MV‡bi cwigvY KZ? i) mÂ‡qi mvg_©¨ †ewk
K) 10,000 UvKv L) 13,000 UvKv ii) wewb‡qv‡Mi my‡hvM myweav †ewk
M) 17,000 N) 20,000 UvKv iii) ivR‣bwZK w¯wZkxjZv †ewk
16| wgZzi G D‡`¨vM evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z mivmwi cÖfve †d‡j- wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i) †eKviZ¡ `~ixKi‡Y ii) gRywi e„w×‡Z iii) RvZxq Avq e„w×‡Z K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? DËicÎ 1.M 2.L 3.M
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 4.K 5.L 6.K 7.M 8.N
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 17 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 9.N 10.L 11.K 12.N 13.N
ÔKÕ †`‡k 2013 mv‡j †gvU g~ja‡bi cwigvY wQj 1,80,00,000 UvKv|
14.K 15.N 16.L 17.L 18.M
2014 mv‡j g~ja‡bi cwigvY e„w× †c‡q nq 2,50,00,000 UvKv| D³
19.K 20.N 21.N 22.L 23.N
eQ‡ii g~jab mvgMÖxi ÿqÿwZi LiP 10,00,000 UvKv|
17| 2014 mv‡j ÔKÕ †`‡k cÖK…Z g~jab e„w×i cwigvY KZ? Zzwg Avgvi (wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© cixÿv)
K) 70 jÿ UvKv L) 60 jÿ UvKv 1. Drcv`‡bi †h Ask cybivq Drcv`b Kv‡R eëüZ nq Zv‡K ejv
M) 50 jÿ UvKv N) 40 jÿ UvKv nq-g~jab|
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 18 I 19 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 2. ‡hme g~jab Drcv`b Kv‡R evi evi eënvi Kiv n‡jI Gi AvKvi-
wg. mygb Mv‡g©›U‡m Lv`¨ mieivnKvix GKwU †eKvwi KviLvbvi AvK…wZi cwieZ©b nq bv Zv‡K-¯vqx g~jab e‡j|
gvwjK| 2012 mv‡ji ‡k‡l Zvi g~ja‡bi cwigvY wQj 10,00,000 3. g~ja‡bi ¯vbvšÍi‡K ejv nq-g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv|
UvKv| eQi Nyi‡Z bv Nyi‡Z wZwb A‡bK gybvdv Ki‡jb Ges 2014 4. my‡ì nvi Kg‡j g~jab MV‡bi cwigvY-Kg‡e|
mv‡ji ïiæ‡Z Zvi g~ja‡bi cwigvY `vuov‡bv 18,00,000 UvKv| 5. ‡h g~jab KvuPvgvj µ‡q eënvi Kiv nq Zv‡K-N~Y©vqgvb g~jab e‡j|
hwÌ G mgq hš¿cvwZ †givgZ eve` Zv‡K 1,50,000 UvKv e¨q 6. RvZxq g~jab n‡jv-‡`k‡cÖg, K‡Vvi cwikÖ‡gi g‡bvfve, †cv÷
Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| 2015 mv‡j Zvi GK we‡`wk eÜzi mnvqZvq Ab¨ Awdm I e›ì mg~n|
GKwU †`‡k Mv‡g©›Um KviLvbv ¯vcb K‡ib| 7. fvmgvb g~jab-‡h‡Kvb RvqMvq eënvi Kiv hvq| †hgb: we`y¨r,
18| 2013 mv‡j wg. myg‡bi †gvU g~jab MV‡bi cwigvY KZ? Kqjv I hvbevnb|
K) 18,00,000 UvKv L) 10,00,000 UvKv 8. g~jab †hvMv‡bi Drm-2wU|
M) 8,00,000 UvKv N) 6,50,000 UvKv
19| 2015 mv‡j wg. myg‡bi Ab¨ †`‡k wewb‡qvM wb‡`©k K‡i-
i) g~ja‡bi †f․‡MvwjK MwZkxjZv
ii) g~ja‡bi KvieviMZ MwZkxjZv
iii) g~ja‡bi ¯ÍiMZ MwZkxjZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 20 I 21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

191
9. ‡h g~jab GKevi eënvi Ki‡jB wbt‡kl n‡q hvq Zv‡K e‡j-PjwZ e¨vL¨v: my‡ì nv‡ii mv‡_ Drcv`‡bi m¤úK© wecixZgyLx| A_©vr
g~jab| my‡ì nvi †e‡o †M‡j Drcv`b Kg‡e|
10. gvwjKvbvi wfwË‡Z g~jab‡K fvM Kiv hvq-3 fv‡M| 03| ‡`k‡cÖg wK ai‡bi g~jab? [MBSTU:2019-20]
K) AvšÍR©vwZK L) RvZxq M) mvgvwRK N) wbgw¾Z
weMZ mv‡j wek¦we`¨vj‡q Avmv fwZ© cwiÿvi DËi: L
wfwWI K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki| e¨vL¨v: RvZxq g~jab: †`k‡cÖg, K‡Vvi cwikÖ‡gi g‡bvfve, evsjv‡`k
†ijI‡q, KvßvB Rjwe`y¨r, ivóªxq gvwjKvbvi e¨vsK BZ¨vw`|
AvšÍR©vwZK g~jab: wek¦e¨vsK, AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªv Znwej|
mvgvwRK g~jab: moK, D`¨vb, nvmcvZvj|
wbgw¾Z g~jab: †ij BwÄb, jvOj, †jvnv Mjv‡bvi Pzwjø|
04| wbw`©ó mgq c‡i FY`vZv‡K Avmj UvKv QvovI †h AwZwi³ A_©
†Ìqv nq Zv- [MBSTU:2019-20]
K) cyuwR L) wewb‡qvM M) my` N) gybvdv
DËi: M
Abykxjbx cvV-2 (weMZ mv‡j Avmv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖkœ) e¨vL¨v: wbw`©ó mgq ci FY`vZv‡K Avmj UvKv QvovI †h AwZwi³
A_© †Ìqv nq Zv‡K my` e‡j| A_©vr my` ej‡Z AwZwi³ gybvdv‡K
PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq ‡evSvq|
1. wb‡Pi †KvbwU e¯‘MZ g~jab wnmv‡e we‡eP¨ bq? [CU-D : 19-20] 05| Ôe½eÜz †mZzÕ †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab? [MBSTU:2018-19]
K. GKwU bZzb d¨v±wi wbg©vY L. PvKzwiKvjxb cÖwkÿY K) PjwZ L) ¯vqx M) e¨w³MZ N) †fvM¨
M. GKwU bZzb Kw¤úDUvi N. me¸‡jv‡ZB e¯‧MZ g~jab DËi: L
DËi: L, mgvavb: g~jab ej‡Z gvby‡li kÖ‡gi Øviv Drcvw`Z m¤ú‡ì e¨vL¨v: †h mKj g~jab `xN©w`b a‡i wU‡K _v‡K Ges evievi
†mB Ask‡KB †evSvq ev cybivq Drcv`b Kv‡R eëüZ nq| g~jab eënv‡ii c‡iI hvi †Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv Zv‡K ¯vqx g~jab e‡j|
eënv‡ii cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv fwel¨r Av‡qi c_ m„wó Kiv| †hgb: †mZz, weªR, hš¿cvwZ, `vjvb‡K․Vv BZ¨vw`|
2. 2016 mv‡ji g~jab n‡jv 2015 mv‡ji g~jab-[CU-C2:16-17] 06| D‡`¨v³vi cyi®‥vi n‡”Q- [MBSTU:2018-19]
K. we‡qvM AePq K) LvRbv L) gRywi M) my` N) gybvdv
L. †hvM wbU wewb‡qvM †hvM AePq DËi: N
M. †hvM †gvU wewb‡qvM e¨vL¨v: mvaviY A‡_© D‡`¨v³v ev msMV‡Ki Avq‡K gybvdv ejv nq|
N. †hvM wbU wewb‡qvM e¨vcK A‡_© Drcv`b Kvh©cwiPvjbv Ges SzuwK en‡bi Rb¨ msMVK
O. †hvM wbU wewb‡qvM we‡qvM AePq ev D‡`¨v³v †h cvwikÖwgK cvq Zv‡KB A_©‣bwZK gybvdv e‡j|
DËi: O, A_©bxwZwe` mygwcUv‡ii g‡Z, ÔmsMV‡bi D‡`¨vM I D™¢ve‡bi
cyi®‥viB n‡jv gybvdv|
Kzwgjøv wek¦we`¨vjq 08| ‡KvbwU g~jab? [MBSTU:2017-18]
K) Rwg L) kÖg M) †mev N) †gwkb
01| g~jab nj-[CoU: 2015-16]
DËi: N
K) UvKv cqmv L) †fvM¨cY¨
e¨vL¨v: gvby‡li Drcvw`Z m¤ú‡ì †h Ask mivmwi †fv‡Mi Rb¨
M) cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë m¤ú` N) Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vb
eënvi bv n‡q cybivq AwaKZi Drcv`‡bi Kv‡R eëüZ nq
DËi: N
Zv‡KB A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jab e‡j|
kvnRvjvj weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq 1. Drcv`K g~jab: ‡hme g~jab cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e Drcv`b Kv‡R eëüZ
nq Zv‡K Drcv`K g~jab ejv nq| †hgb: KviLvbv feb, hš¿cvwZ,
01| g~ja‡bi cÖvwß †Kvb welqwU w`‡q wnmve Kiv nq? [SUST:10-11]
KvuPvgvj BZ¨vw`|
K) gRywi L) jvf M) my` N) LvRbv
h_v: 1. Drcv`b g~jab: †hme g~jab cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e Drcv`b Kv‡R
DËi: M
eëüZ nq Zv‡K Drcv`b g~jab ejv nq| †hgb: KviLvbv feb,
e¨vL¨v: g~ja‡bi cÖvwß Ômy`Õ wnmve aiv nq|
hš¿cvwZ, KvuPvgvj BZ¨vw`|
kÖ‡gi cÖvwß ÔgRywiÕ w`‡q wnmve Kiv nq|
2. ‡fvM¨g~jab: †hme g~jab Drcv`b PjvKv‡j kÖwg‡Ki fiY-‡cvlY I
f‚wgi cÖvwß ÔLvRbvÕ w`‡q wnmve Kiv nq|
RxebhvÎv wbev©‡ni Rb¨ eëüZ nq Zv‡K †fvM¨ g~jab ejv nq|
D‡`¨v³vi cÖvwß ÔgybvdvÕ w`‡q wnmve Kiv nq|
†hgb: kÖwgK‡ì Lv`ë¯‧, evm¯vb BZ¨vw`|
gvIjvbv fvmvbx weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq 11| f‚wg, kÖg I g~ja‡bi h‡_vchy³ eënvi Kx‡mi Dci wbf©i K‡i?
[MBSTU:2015-16]
01| ‡KvbwU mvgvwRK gvwjKvbvaxb m¤ú`? [MBSTU:2019-20] K) wb‡qvM L) wewb‡qvM M) msMVK N) Drcv`b
K) eûRvwZK ms¯v L) wWcvU©‡g›Uvj †÷vi
DËi: M
M) eb N) KwgDwbwU †m›Uvi
e¨vL¨v: ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz Z_¨-
DËi: M
 f‚wg, kÖg I g~jab †K GKwÎZ K‡i Drcv`b cwiPvjbvB n‡jv msMVb|
e¨vL¨v: †h m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv m¤ú~Y© mgv‡Ri Aaxb¯ Zv n‡jv
mvgvwRK m¤ú`| †Lvjv RvqMv, cvK©, gvV, eb BZ¨vw` mvgvwRK  msMVb‡K Drcv`b Kvh© m¤ú‡bœi Rb¨ PvwjKv kw³ ejv nq|
gvwjKvbvaxb m¤ú`|  Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY-msMVb|
02| hw` my‡ì nvi †e‡o hvq Zvn‡j Drcv`b- [MBSTU:2019-20]
K) evo‡e L) Kg‡e M) w¯i N) k~b¨ 12| AvšÍR©vwZK evwY‡Rï Kvi‡Y wK‡mi MwZkxjZv e„w× cvq?
DËi¨: D [MBSTU: 2015-16]
K) evRv‡ii L) g~ja‡bi M) †hvMv‡bi N) Pvwn`vi
192
DËi: L eve` AviI 1 jÿ UvKv e¨q K‡ib| evwK UvKv gRywi I Ab¨vb¨ e¨q
e¨vL¨v: AvšÍR©vwZK evwYR¨: wewfbœ mve©‡f․g †`‡ki g‡a¨ `ªe¨ I eve` wb‡Ri Kv‡Q †i‡L †`b|
†mevi AvBbMZ wewbgqB AvšÍR©vwZK evwYR¨| K. g~jab Kx?
 AvšÍR©vwZK evwY‡Rï Af¨šÍixY ¸iæZ¡: L. g~ja‡bi m‡½ mÂ‡qi m¤úK© Kx?
 g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv Af¨šÍixY ¸iæZ¡: M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wg. ÔLÕ Gi ¯vqx I PjwZ g~ja‡bi GKwU
 g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv e„w× cvq| mviwY •Zwi Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki wg. ÔLÕ Gi eëmvq m¤úªmvi‡Yi Rb¨ g~ja‡bi e„w×i
 Drcv`b e„w× cvq|
†Kv‡bv my‡hvM Av‡Q wK? gZvgZ `vI|
 DØ„Ë cY¨ ißvwb| 2. Rbve ivqnvb `xN©w`b `wÿY †Kvwiqvq emevm K‡ib| ‡mB †Kvwiqvb
 AvšÍR©vwZK mn‡hvwMZv e„w×| bvMwiK wg. wcs‡qi mv‡_ Zvi eÜzZ¡ nq| wg. wcs ivqnvb mv‡n‡ei
 g~jabx `ªe¨ Ges AZ¨vek¨Kxq cY¨`ªe¨ Avg`vwb wbKU †_‡K evsjv‡`‡k wewb‡qv‡Mi AbyK~j cwi‡ek Rvb‡Z cv‡ib
 Lv`¨ NvUwZ c~iY| Ges †h․_fv‡e G †`‡k wewb‡qv‡Mi AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡ib| d‡j wg.
 gvbe m¤ú` ißvwb| ivqnvb †`‡ki wd‡i Av‡mb Ges Zvi MÖv‡gi evwoi wKQz Rwg wewµ
13| `xN©‡gqvw` A_©ms¯’v‡bi Drm †KvbwU? [MBSTU: 2015-16] K‡ib Ges mwÂZ mKj A_©mn wg. wcs‡qi mv‡_ †h․_fv‡e XvKvi
K) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L) g~jab evRvi A`~‡i Avïwjqvq GKwU RyZv •Zwii KviLvbv ¯vcb K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z
M) wegv cÖwZôvb N) GbwRI mnvqZv hv GKwU jvfRbK cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ nq|
DËi: L K. g~jab Kx?
e¨vL¨v: A_©ms¯v‡bi Drm mvaviY wZb cÖKvi: L. Òg~jab mÂq Øviv m„óÓ-eywS‡q †jL|
i) `xN©‡gqvw` Drm: g~jab evRvi ev Capital Market M. DÏxc‡K wg. wj. wcs‡qi g~ja‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi MwZkxjZv
‡hgb: mvaviY †kqvi, AMÖvwaKvi †kqvi, eÛ, FYcÎ| cwijwÿZ nq-e¨vL¨v Ki|
ii) ¯^í‡gqvw` Drm: A_© evRvi ev Money Market †hgb- N. g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv g~ja‡bi MVb‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i-DÏxc‡Ki
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK, evwYwR¨KcÎ, eëmvq| Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki|
iii) ga¨‡gqvw` Drm: we‡klvwqZ Avw_©K cÖwZôvb, evwYwR¨K e¨vsK 3. Kvgvj mv‡ne ¯^í cyuwR wb‡q XvKv kn‡i GKwU †cvwëª wkí ¯vcb
gyjabx evRvi cÖwZôvb, wjwRs ‡Kv¤úvwb| K‡i| Drcv`b LiP †ewk nIqvi KviY jvf Ki‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv|
GgZve¯vq wZwb KvuPvgvj I kÖ‡gi mnRjf¨Zvi Kvi‡Y kni †Q‡o
h‡kvi weÁvb cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq MÖv‡g †cvwëª wkí ¯vbvšÍi K‡ib| G‡Z MÖv‡gi wKQz †eKvi †jv‡KiI
02| Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z DcKiY †KvbwU? [JUST: 2018-19] Kg©ms¯vb nq Ges wZwb jvfevb nb|
K) g~jab L) kÖg M) f‚wg N) msMVb K. g~jab Kx?
DËi: K L. mÂq Kxfv‡e g~jab MVb‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i?
Ávbg~jK cÖkœ M. Kvgvj mv‡n‡ei MÖv‡g jvfevb nIqvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki|
1. ¯vqx g~jab Kx? N. Kvgvj mv‡n‡ei kn‡iI †cvwëª wk‡í jvfevb nIqvq Dcvq Av‡Q
2. g~jab Kv‡K e‡j? wK? gZvgZ `vI|
3. wbg¾gvb g~jab ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 4. Aveyj Kvjvg GKRb eëmvqx| nwi‡ècyi evRv‡i Zvi GKwU
4. e¨w³MZ g~jab Kx? Kvc‡oi †`vKvb i‡q‡Q| hv‡Z Zvi wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY 4 jÿ UvKv|
5. ‡Kvb¸‡jv RvZxq g~jab? GK eQi eëmvq cwiPvjbvi ci wnmve K‡i †`‡Lb Zvi g~jab 5
6. my‡ì nvi KLb Kg nq? jÿ UvKv n‡q‡Q| cieZx© Qq gv‡m wZwb 70 nvRvi UvKv gybvdv jvf
7. gvbyl ‡Kb mÂq K‡i? K‡ib| m¤úªwZ wZwb wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb e¨vsK †_‡K FY wb‡q †`vKvbwU
8. g~ja‡bi MVb Kx? kn‡i ¯vbvšÍi Ki‡eb| ZvQvov Zvi 2 jÿ UvKv ¯vqx AvgvbZ
 Abyavebg~jK cÖkœt (FDR) Kiv n‡q‡Q|
1. Òg~jab n‡”Q Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vbÓ-e¨vL¨v `vI| K. A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jab Kv‡K e‡j?
2. ÔPjwZ g~jab‡K AvewZ©Z g~jabI ejv nqÕ-KviY Kx? L. mÂq evo‡jB g~jab MVb nq bv †Kb?
3. g~jab †Kb GKwU wbw®…q Dcv`vb? M. DÏxc‡Ki g~ja‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi MwZkxjZv jÿ Kiv hvq?
4. ‡c‡Uªvj‡K ‡Kb PjwZ g~jab ejv nq? N. e¨vsK FY bv †c‡jI Avey Kvjv‡gi c‡ÿ †`vKvbwU kn‡i ¯vbvšÍi
5. Lwbi cÖvK…wZK M¨vm †Kb g~jab bq? Kiv m¤¢e-we‡kølY Ki|
6. g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv Kxfv‡e m„wó nq? 5. Kwig mv‡n‡ei PvKwii cvkvcvwk K…wl Lvgvi Av‡Q| wZwb PvKwi †_‡K
7. kw³ m¤ú‡ì chv©ßZv Kxfv‡e g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv e„w×‡Z f~wgKv Aemi MÖnY K‡ib 80 jÿ UvKv Aemi myweav cvb| G UvKvi g‡a¨ 10
cvjb K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| jÿ UvKv cvwievwiK e¨‡qi Rb¨ iv‡Lb| 15 jÿ UvKvq GKwU evwo
8. gyja‡bi m‡½ mÂ‡qi m¤úK© Kx? •Zwi K‡ib| 20 jÿ UvKvq GKwU Kvc‡oi †`vKvb µq K‡ib|
9. mÂq Kxfv‡e g~jab MV‡b mnvqK? e¨vL¨v Ki| †`vKv‡b weµ‡qi Rb¨ 10 jÿ UvKvi Kvco µq K‡ib| Aewkó UvKvq
10. Òg~jab mÂq Øviv m„óÓ- eywS‡q †jL| wZwb GKwU cyKzi µq K‡ib| K…wl Lvgvi weµq K‡i fvovq LvUv‡bvi
11. my‡ì nvi g~jab MVb‡K Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i? Rb¨ wZwb GKwU Uªv±i µq K‡ib|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ K. wbg¾gvb g~jab Kx?
1. wg. ÔLÕ Gi wbKU 80 jÿ UvKv Av‡Q| wZwb 50 jÿ UvKv wb‡q L. A_© Kx g~jab? e¨vL¨v Ki|
XvKvq GKwU cøU wK‡bb| 10 jÿ UvKv w`‡q GKwU †`vKvb µq M. Kwig mv‡n‡ei ¯vqx g~ja‡bi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
K‡ib| †`vKv‡b weµ‡qi Rb¨ 5 jÿ UvKvi `ªe¨mvgMÖx wK‡bb| 10 N. DÏxc‡K g~ja‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi MwZkxjZv m„wó n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
jÿ UvKvq MÖv‡gi GKwU wjPz evMvb wK‡bb Ges evMv‡bi PvivMvQ 6. mvjvg mv‡ne mvfv‡i ÒZvivÓ †cvjwUª Lvgvi GKwU weµq K‡i †mB
UvKvq XvKvi Bmjvgcy‡i Kvc‡oi wg‡ji Rb¨ GKwU feb wbgv©Y

193
Ki‡jb| Gici †mvbvjx e¨vsK †_‡K FY MÖnY K‡i wg‡ji KjKâv UvKv, KvuPvgvj µ‡q wb‡qvM K‡i 200 †KvwU UvKv Ges kÖwg‡Ki
µq K‡ib Ges †k‡l RbZv e¨vsK ‡_‡K AviI 10 jÿ UvKv FY gRywi eve` 2 †KvwU UvKv e¨q K‡i Drcv`b ïiæ Kivi ciI `k
MÖnY K‡ib wgjwU Pvjy K‡ib| eQ‡i cÖwZôvbwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e gybvdv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
K. g~jab Kv‡K e‡j? cieZx©‡Z Rvb‡Z cv‡ib †h, ivRkvnx‡Z Av‡gi Ry‡mi KvuPvgvj mnR
L. mÂq Kxfv‡e g~jab MV‡b mnvqK? e¨vL¨v Ki| jvf Ges Zzjbvg~jK ¯^íe¨qx nIqvq ZLb wm‡g›U KviLvbv eÜ K‡i
M. DÏxc‡K g~ja‡bi †hme MwZkxjZvi Bw½Z cvIqv hvq †m¸‡jv †mLv‡b Ô‡gNvÕ Rym Drcv`b KviLvbv ¯vcb K‡ib| eZ©gv‡b
wPwýZ Ki| Ô‡gNvÕRym †`‡ki evB‡iI mybv‡gi mv‡_ ißvwb n‡”Q|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K g~ja‡bi †kÖwYwefvM Ki Ges †Kvb g~jab ¯^í K. g~jab Kx?
mg‡q AwaK mybvg e„w× K‡i? we‡kølY Ki| L. K‡ii gva¨‡g g~ja‡bi ‡hvMvb Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ nq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
7. Rbve Qv‡ei GKwU AvBmwµg d¨v±wii gvwjK| wZwb cÖwZ gv‡m M. DÏxc‡Ki wewfbœ cÖKvi g~jab wPwýZ K‡i Zvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
KviLvbvi evwoi fvov eve` 15,000 UvKv, we`y¨r wej eve` 5,000 N.DÏxc‡K g~ja‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi MwZkxjZv m„wó n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|
UvKv Ges ‡gwkb †givgZ LiP eve` 2,000 UvKv e¨q K‡ib| GQvov 10. cÂMo †Rjvi `vBgyj mv‡n‡ei PvKwii cvkvcvwk GKwU cvwievwiK
KvuPvgvj µ‡qi Rb¨ 50,000 UvKv Ges kÖwg‡Ki gRywi eve` cÖKvkbv eëmvq Av‡Q| m‡šÍvlRbK †eZb bv cvIqvi wZwb PvKwi
20,000 UvKv cÖwZ gv‡m e¨q K‡ib| wKš‧ MZ 5 eQi hveZ †_‡K Aemi MÖnY K‡ib Ges 50 jÿ UvKv Aemi myweav cvb| G
cÖwZôvbwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ gybvdv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| m¤úªwZ wZwb UvKvi g‡a¨ 5 jÿ UvKv cvwievwiK e¨‡qi Rb¨ iv‡Kb| 10 jÿ
Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb,ivRkvnx‡Z Av‡gi Ry‡mi KvuPvgvj mnRjf¨ Ges UvKvq GKwU evwo •Zwi K‡ib| 15 jÿ UvKvq B‡jKUªwb· gv‡K©‡U
Drcv`b e¨q Kg| ZvB wZwb AvBmmwµg d¨v±wi eÜ K‡i Av‡gi Rym GKwU †`vKvb µq K‡ib| 12 jÿ UvKvq H †`vKv‡b weµ‡qi Rb¨
Drcv`b KviLvbv ¯vcb K‡ib| GLb Zvi KviLvbvq Drcvw`Z Av‡gi B‡jKUªwb· cY¨ wK‡bb| Aewkó UvKvq GKwU wjPz evMvb µq K‡ib|
Rym we‡`‡k ißvwb n‡”Q| cÖKvkbv eëmvq jvfRb bv nIqvq G eëmvq 4 jÿ UvKvq wewµ
K. wbg¾gvb gyjab ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? K‡i D³ UvKvq fvovi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU gvB‡µvevm µq K‡ib, †hwU
L. my‡ì nvi g~jab MVb‡K Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i? e¸ovq •`wbK fvovi wfwË‡Z P‡j|
M. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ g~jabmg~‡ni aiY wPwýZ K‡i cwigvY wbY©q Ki| K. g~jab Kx?
N. Rbve Qv‡e‡ii g~jab ¯vbvšÍ‡ii ‡ÿ‡Î †Kvb Dcv`vb¸‡jv f~wgKv L. Lwbi cÖvK…wZK M¨vm †Kb g~jab bq?
cvjb K‡i‡Q? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| M. `vDgyj mv‡n‡ei ¯vqx g~jab wPwýZ K‡i Zvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
N. DÏxc‡K g~ja‡bi †Kvb †Kvb ai‡bi MwZkxjZv m„wó n‡q‡Q?
GB Aa¨v‡qi (CQ) wfwWI
we‡kølY Ki|
K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
11. Kwig mv‡ne GKwU myZv KviLvbvi gvwjK| 5,00,000 UvKv cÖv_wgK
g~jab wb‡q Drcv`b ïiæ K‡ib| KvuPvgvj µq eve` 50,000 UvKv
Ges hš¿cvwZ †givgZ eve` 40,000 UvKv e¨q K‡ib| m¤úªwZ
miKvi my‡ì nvi n«vm, KvuPvgv‡ji Ici fZz©wK, Ki AeKvk Ges
wewb‡qv‡Mi w¯wZkxj cwi‡ek eRvq ivLvi g‡Zv c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kivq
Kwig mv‡ne Zvui g~ja‡bi cwigvY e„w×i D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡jb|
K. g~jab Kx?
L. `ÿ gvbem¤ú` Kxfv‡e g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv e„w× K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
8. wg. ûgvqb Kexi AvBmwµg d¨v±wi ¯vc‡bi 50,00,000 UvKv Rwg M. Kwig mv‡n‡ei wbU g~ja‡bi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
µq, 1 jÿ UvKvi cwi‡ekevÜe eR¨© cøv›U ¯vcb,5,000 UvKvi N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z miKv‡ii c`‡ÿcmg~n Kwig mv‡n‡ei g~ja‡bi
AvBmwµ‡gi KvwV I ev·, 2 jÿ UvKvi wPwb, `ya I ivmvqwbK cwigvY e„w×‡Z Kxfv‡e f~wgKv iv‡L? e¨vL¨v Ki|
Dcv`vb, 35,000 UvKv kÖwg‡Ki †eZb, 1 jÿ UvKv Kg©Pvix‡ì evwo 12. ‡Rv‡e`v †eM‡gi †`‡ki 2016-17 A_©eQ‡ii †gvU g~jab wQj 15
fvovi Rb¨ wewb‡qvM Ki‡jb| wKš‧ eQ‡ii memgq G eëmvq fv‡jv nvRvi †KvwU UvKv| 2017-18 A_© eQ‡ii bZzb wewb‡qv‡Mi d‡j
_v‡K bv| m¤úªxwZ wZwb KzqvKvUv †eov‡Z wM‡q mgy`‣ª mK‡Zi †m․›`h© †gvU g~ja‡bi cwigvY `vuovq 20 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv| H mg‡q
†`‡L gy» n‡jb Ges c~‡e© wewb‡qvwRZ g~ja‡bi AvswkK ¯vbvšÍi K‡i g~ja‡bi ÿwZi cwigvY wQj 500 ‡KvwU UvKv| m¤úªwZ †Rv‡e`v
cvuPZviKv AvevwmK †nv‡Uj Pvjy K‡ib| eQ‡ii memgq †`wk-we‡`wk †e‡M‡gi †`‡ki miKvi e¨vsK I †cvó Awd‡m wewfbœ †gqvw`
A‡bK ch©UK †mLv‡b cÖvq ficyi _v‡K| w`b w`b †mLv‡b AviI Avgvb‡Zi my‡ì nvi 10% †_‡K Kwg‡q 8% K‡i‡Q|
chU©K e„w× cv‡”Q| K. ¯vqx g~jab Kx?
K. g~jab MVb Kx? L. A_© I g~jab wK GK? e¨vL¨v Ki|
L. my‡ì nvi g~jab MVb‡K Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i? M. DÏxcK n‡Z †Rv‡e`v †eM‡gi †`‡ki g~jab MV‡bi nvi wbY©q Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wg. ûgvqyb Kex‡ii wewb‡qvMK…Z g~ja‡bi N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx †Rv‡e`v †eM‡gi †`‡ki miKv‡ii M„nxZ
†kÖwYwefvM wbY©q Ki| c`‡ÿ‡ci d‡j D³ †`‡ki mÂq I g~jab MV‡bi Ici Kx cÖfve
N. ûgvqyb Kexi mv‡n‡ei g~jab KzqvKvUvq ¯vbvšÍ‡ii A_©‣bwZK co‡e-e¨vL¨v Ki|
¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki| 13. wkgyj Zvi K¬v‡m A_©bxwZi wkÿ‡Ki wbKU †_‡K Rvb‡Z cvij,
9. Ô‡mvbvi evsjvÕ wm‡g›U d¨v±wi †gNbv Nv‡U Aew¯Z GKwU wm‡g›U evsjv‡`‡ki wk‡ívbœq‡bi c‡_ me‡P‡q eo evav n‡jv g~ja‡bi
Drcv`b KviLvbv| D³ KviLvbvq ¯vqx wb‡qvM Kiv nq 500 †KvwU ¯^íZv| †m AviI Rvb‡Z cv‡i, wb¤œ gv_vwcQz Avq, RxebhvÎvi

194
wb¤œgvb, `ye©j AeKvVv‡gv, mykvm‡bi Afve, AvgjvZvwš¿K RwUjZv, K. g~jab Kv‡K e‡j?
gy`ªvùxwZ BZ¨vw` gyjab MVb‡K evavMÖ¯Í K‡i‡Q| wkÿK K¬v‡m wewfbœ L. ÔPjwZ g~jab‡K AvewZ©Z g~jabI ejv nqÕ-KviY Kx?
c`‡ÿc MÖn‡bi gva¨‡g DwjøwLZ mgm¨v mgvavb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i e‡j M.ÔAÕ †`‡k g~jab MV‡bi †ÿ‡Î BwZevPK I •bwZevPK †ÿÎ¸‡jv
AwfgZ e¨³ K‡ib| wPwýZ Ki|
K. g~jab Kx? N.ÔAÕ †`‡ki mÂq‡K g~ja‡b iƒcvšÍ‡ii Dcvq wb‡q †Zvgvi gZvgZ
L. g~jab MVb mÂ‡qi Ici wbf©ikxj| e¨vL¨v Ki DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ mgm¨v¸‡jv Kxfv‡e g~jab MVb evavMÖ¯ 16. m¤úªwZ imyjMÄ MÖv‡g cwjø mÂq e¨vs‡Ki GKwU kvLv ¯vwcZ n‡q‡Q|
K‡i‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| MÖvgwU G‡Kev‡i †QvU bq| MÖv‡gi AwaKvsk †jvK cÖvwšÍK Pvwl I
N. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki g~jab MVb Kxfv‡e e„w× Kiv grm¨Rxex| D³ e¨vs‡Ki ZiæY Kg©xiv MÖvgevmx‡ì Zv‡ì fwel¨r
†h‡Z cv‡i e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? gZvgZ `vI| `~i`„wó, mÂ‡qi DcKvwiZv,RxebhvÎvi gv‡bvbœqb, †eKviZ¡ `~‡ii
14. wg. iDd GKwU ‡gvUimvB‡Kj KviLvbvi gvwjK| 2015 mv‡j Zvi Dcvq, m¤ú‡ì mØeënvi cÖf…wZ m¤ú‡K© †evSv‡Z jvM‡jb|
cÖv_wgK g~ja‡bi cwigvY wQj 500 †KvwU UvKv| †gvUimvB‡K‡ji wKQzw`‡bi g‡a¨ †`Lv †Mj D³ MÖv‡gi cyiæl-gwnjviv Zv‡ì ¯^í
Drcv`b jvfRbK nIqvq 2016 mv‡j wZwb g~ja‡bi cwigvY 600 mÂq e¨vs‡K Rgv‡Z ïiæ K‡i‡Qb| Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨ D³ e¨vsK
†KvwU UvKvq DbœxZ Ki‡jb| D³ mg‡q Zvi g~ja‡bi ÿqÿwZRwbZ ÿz`ªFY Kg©m~wP ïiæ n‡q hvq|
e¨q wQj 5 †KvwU UvKv| m¤úªwZ miKvi g~jä‡bi cwigvY e„w×i Rb¨ K. wbg¾gvb g~jab Kv‡K e‡j?
my‡ì nvi Kgv‡bv,mwVK gy`ªvbxwZ MÖnY, `ªæZ we`y¨r ms‡hvM cÖ`vb I L. Ôg~jab mÂq Øviv m„wóÕ- K_vwU eywS‡q †jL|
AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb cÖf…wZ wewfbœ c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i‡Q| M. evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki g~jab MV‡bi mgm¨v
K. ¯vqx g~jab Kv‡K e‡j? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|
L. g~jab wK GKwU wbw®…q Dcv`vb? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. Kx Kx wel‡qi Ici wfwË K‡i g~jab MwVZ nq Zv DÏxc‡Ki
M. wg. iD‡di wbU g~ja‡bi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki|
N. g~ja‡bi cwigvY e„w×i Rb¨ miKv‡ii c`‡ÿc h‡_ó wKbv? 17. wg‡mm ‘Y’ GKRb bvix D‡`¨v³v| wZwb ÿz`ªFY Kg©m~wPi Ici
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| GKvwaK cÖwkÿY wb‡q‡Qb| wZwb 2 jÿ UvKv wewb‡qvM K‡i ÔevuP‡Z
15. ÔAÕ †`‡k A‡bK¸‡jv †Z‡ji e„nr Lwb Avwe®‥…Z nIqvq we‡`wk †Zj `vIÕ bv‡gi GKwU cÖwZôvb M‡o ‡Zv‡jb| cvuP eQi ci Zvi
D‡ËvjbKvix wKQz †Kv¤úvwb IB †`‡ki miKv‡ii mv‡_ Pzw³e× n‡q cÖwZôv‡bi Avq `vuovq 7 jÿ UvKv| Gici wZwb miKvi I wewfbœ
†Zj D‡Ëvjb ïiæ K‡i| G Kvh©µ‡g miKvwi ‡Zj D‡ËvjbKvix `vZv‡Mvôxi KvQ †_‡K AviI 5 jÿ UvKv FY MÖnY K‡ib|
cÖwZôvbI hy³ nq| Gme Kv‡R †`wk-we‡`wk cÖPzi †jvK wb‡qvwRZ K. wbg¾gvb g~jab ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
nIqvq gvby‡li Avq e„w× cvq| Avevi fwel¨r wPšÍv †_‡K gvby‡li L. g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv Kxfv‡e m„wó nq?
mÂ‡qi AvMÖnI e„w× cvq| †`‡ki e¨vsK wegvmn bvbviKg Avw_©K M.Kxfv‡e g~jab MwVZ nq?
cÖwZôvb weKwkZ nq| wKš‧ ‡Zj Qvov Ab¨vb¨ Drcv`b †ÿÎ †mfv‡e N. `vZv‡Mvôx I miKvi hw` wg‡mm ‘Y’ ‡K FY bv w`Z Zvn‡jI
weKwkZ bv nIqvq e¨vs‡K Ajm Rgvi cwigvY evo‡Z _v‡K| A_P Zvi g~jab MVb Ae¨vnZ _vKZ- eywS‡q ej|
RvZxq Dbœqb cwiKíbvq †`kxq K…wl, wkí,eëmvq evwY‡R¨ wewb‡qv‡Mi
my‡hvM m„wó Kiv n‡j GgbwU n‡Zv bv|

195
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-6 (Set-A)
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. mvjvg mv‡ne mvfv‡i ÒZvivÓ †cvjwUª Lvgvi GKwU weµq K‡i †mB 2. Kvgvj mv‡ne ¯^í cyuwR wb‡q XvKv kn‡i GKwU †cvwëª wkí ¯vcb
UvKvq XvKvi Bmjvgcy‡i Kvc‡oi wg‡ji Rb¨ GKwU feb wbgv©Y K‡i| Drcv`b LiP †ewk nIqvi KviY jvf Ki‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv|
Ki‡jb| Gici †mvbvjx e¨vsK †_‡K FY MÖnY K‡i wg‡ji KjKâv GgZve¯vq wZwb KvuPvgvj I kÖ‡gi mnRjf¨Zvi Kvi‡Y kni †Q‡o
µq K‡ib Ges †k‡l RbZv e¨vsK ‡_‡K AviI 10 jÿ UvKv FY MÖv‡g †cvwëª wkí ¯vbvšÍi K‡ib| G‡Z MÖv‡gi wKQz †eKvi †jv‡KiI
MÖnY K‡ib wgjwU Pvjy K‡ib| Kg©ms¯vb nq Ges wZwb jvfevb nb|
K. g~jab Kv‡K e‡j? 1 K. g~jab Kx? 1
L. mÂq Kxfv‡e g~jab MV‡b mnvqK? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 L. mÂq Kxfv‡e g~jab MVb‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i? 2
M. DÏxc‡K g~ja‡bi †hme MwZkxjZvi Bw½Z cvIqv hvq †m¸‡jv M. Kvgvj mv‡n‡ei MÖv‡g jvfevb nIqvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
wPwýZ Ki| 3 N. Kvgvj mv‡n‡ei kn‡iI †cvwëª wk‡í jvfevb nIqvq Dcvq Av‡Q
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K g~ja‡bi †kÖwYwefvM Ki Ges †Kvb g~jab ¯^í wK? gZvgZ `vI| 4
mg‡q AwaK mybvg e„w× K‡i? we‡kølY Ki| 4
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt
1| g~jab n‡jv ÔDrcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vbÕ - e³e¨wU †Kvb 9| AšÍyi d¨v±wii A‡hvM¨ gvjvgvj¸‡jv g~ja‡bi †Kvb •ewkó¨wU wb‡`©k
A_©bxwZwe‡ì? K‡i?
K) eg- IqvK© L) m¨vgy‡qjmb K) g~jab mÂ‡qi dj L) g~jab fwel¨r Av‡qi Drm
M) P¨vcg¨vb M) gvk©vj M) g~jab n‡jv A¯vqx Dcv`vb N) g~jab n‡jv wbw¯…q Dcv`vb
2| GK dvg© n‡Z Ab¨ dv‡g© g~jab ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡j, Zv‡K wK e‡j? 10| AšÍi g‡Zv d¨v±wii gvwjKiv AvayywbK I bZzb hš¿cvwZi mvnv‡h¨-
K) g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv L) g~ja‡bi MVb i) Drcv`b e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i
M) g~ja‡bi Pvwn`v N) g~ja‡bi g~jab ii) kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i
3| wb‡Pi †KvbwU g~jab? iii) AwaK Drcv`b SzuwK enb K‡i
K) UvKv L) ¯^Y© wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) jvOj N) e¨vsK AvgvbZ K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
4| wb‡Pi †KvbwU wbg¾gvb g~ja‡bi D`vniY? 11| `ªæZ A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †KvbwU Acwinvh©?
K) †ijc_ L) evwo K) K…wl Dbœqb L) kÖwgK‡ì e„w×
M) we`y¨r N) KvuPvgvj M) cwiKíbv N) ¯^í e¨q
5| ‡Kvb Dcv`v‡bi Dci g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv wbf©i K‡i? 12| g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv KZ cÖKvi?
K) AbybZ œ AeKvVv‡gv L) e× A_©bxwZ K) `yB L) wZb
M) kw³ m¤ú‡ì Achv©ßZv N) AvÂwjK mym¤úK© M) Pvi N) cvuP
6| GKwU `vjvb‡K evmM„n wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡j ZLb Kx wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e? 13| AvaywbK I Aeva A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jab MV‡bi cÖwµqv KqwU ¯Í‡i wef³?
K) g~jab L) evm¯vb K) 2wU L) 3wU
M) †fvM¨cY¨ N) wewb‡qvM M) 4wU N) 5wU
7| g~jab †hvMv‡bi Drm KqwU? 14| g~jab MVb KLb k~b¨ nq?
K) 2wU L) 3wU K) mÂq- wewb‡qvM= 0 n‡j L) Avq - e¨q = 0 n‡j
M) 4wU N) 5wU M) mÂq-wewb‡qvM > 0 n‡j N) Avq-e¨q > 0 n‡j
8| ‡KvbwU g~ja‡bi KvR? 15| Avgv‡ì †`‡k g~jab MV‡bi cÖavb mgm¨v n‡jv-
K) kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv m„wó L) kÖ‡gi gRywi e„w× i) ¯^í Avq
M) kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv m„wó N) kÖwg‡Ki msL¨v e„w× ii) AwaK †fvM
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 9 I 10 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
iii) ¯^í mÂq
AšÍ 2007 mv‡j PÆMÖv‡gi Bwc‡RW GjvKvq GKwU †mv‡qUvi d¨v±wi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
¯vcb K‡i‡Q| d¨v±wii Rb¨ µqK…Z wewfbœ gvjvgv‡ji A‡bK AskB
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
GLb ÿqcÖvß n‡q Kv‡Ri A‡hvM¨|

196
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-6 (Set-B)
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. wg. ÔLÕ Gi wbKU 80 jÿ UvKv Av‡Q| wZwb 50 jÿ UvKv wb‡q XvKvq 2. wg. ûgvqb Kexi AvBmwµg d¨v±wi ¯vc‡bi 50,00,000 UvKv Rwg
GKwU cøU wK‡bb| 10 jÿ UvKv w`‡q GKwU †`vKvb µq K‡ib| µq, 1 jÿ UvKvi cwi‡ekevÜe eR¨© cøv÷ ¯vcb 5,000 UvKvi
†`vKv‡b weµ‡qi Rb¨ 5 jÿ UvKvi `ªe¨mvgMÖx wK‡bb| 10 jÿ UvKvq AvBmwµ‡gi KvwV I ev·, 2 jÿ UvKvi wPwb, `ya I ivmvqwbK
Dcv`vb, 35,000 UvKv kÖwg‡Ki †eZb,1 jÿ UvKv Kg©Pvix‡ì evwo
MÖv‡gi GKwU wjPz evMvb wK‡bb Ges evMv‡bi PvivMvQ eve` AviI 1 fvovi Rb¨ wewb‡qvM Ki‡jb| wKš‧ eQ‡ii memgq G eëmvq fv‡jv
jÿ UvKv e¨q K‡ib| evwK UvKv gRywi I Ab¨vb¨ e¨q eve` wb‡Ri _v‡K bv| m¤úªwZ wZwb KzqvKvUv †eov‡Z wM‡q mgy`‣ª mK‡Zi †m․›`h©
Kv‡Q †i‡L †`b| †`‡L gy» n‡jb Ges c~‡e© wewb‡qvwRZ g~ja‡bi AvswkK ¯vbvšÍi K‡i
K. g~jab Kx? 1 cvuPZviKv AvevwmK †nv‡Uj Pvjy K‡ib| eQ‡ii memgq †`wk-we‡`wk
L. g~ja‡bi m‡½ mÂ‡qi m¤úK© Kx? 2 A‡bK ch©UK †mLv‡b cÖvq ficyi _v‡K| w`b w`b †mLv‡b AviI
chU©K e„w× cv‡”Q|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wg. ÔLÕ Gi ¯vqx I PjwZ g~ja‡bi GKwU K. g~jab MVb Kx? 1
mviwY •Zwi Ki| 3 L. my‡ì nvi g~jab MVb‡K Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i? 2
N. DÏxc‡Ki wg. ÔLÕ Gi eëmvq m¤úªmvi‡Yi Rb¨ g~ja‡bi e„w×i †Kv‡bv M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wg. ûgvqyb Kex‡ii wewb‡qvMK…Z g~ja‡bi
my‡hvM Av‡Q wK? gZvgZ `vI| 4 †kÖwYwefvM wbY©q Ki| 3
N. ûgvqyb Kexi mv‡n‡ei g~jab KzqvKvUvq ¯vbvšÍ‡ii A_©‣bwZK
¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt
1| ‡KvbwU g~ja‡bi •ewkó¨? 9| g~jab‡K cÖavbZ Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
K) mwµq L) MwZnxb K) 2 L) 3
M) Drcv`bkxj N) wPi¯vqx M) 4 N) 5
2| g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv n‡jv- wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 10 I 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) g~ja‡bi †hvMvb L) g~ja‡bi Pvwn`v ZwiKzj Bmjvg XvKvi wgicy‡i †mv‡qUvi KviLvbv ¯vc‡bi Rb¨ GKwU
M) g~jab MVb N) g~jab ¯vbvšÍi wZbZjv wewìs µq K‡ib| †mLv‡b AviI wKQz cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZ
3| g~jab MV‡bi nvi wbf©i K‡i hvi Ici- ¯vcb K‡i wZwb Drcv`b Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡ib|
i) my‡ì nvi 10| ZwiKzj Bmjv‡gi µqK…Z wewìswU †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab?
ii) wewb‡qv‡Mi myweav K) ¯vqx L) PjwZ
iii) mÂ‡qi myweav M) wbg¾gvb N) fvmgvb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 11| D³ g~ja‡bi DcKiY n‡jv-
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii i) KjKviLvbv
4| †KvbwU g~ja‡bi KvR? ii) KvuPvgvj
K) kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv m„ó L) kÖ‡gi gRywi e„w× iii) fvwi hš¿cvwZ
M) kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv m„wó N) kÖwg‡Ki msL¨v e„w× wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
5| wb‡Pi †KvbwU PjwZ g~ja‡bi chv©qfz³? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) mgy`ªMvgx RvnvR L) `vjvb‡K․Vv 12| Ôwbweo MÖæcÕ nvDwRs eëmvq L¨vwZ AR©b K‡i Zv‡ì cyuwR cwienb
M) KvuPvgvj N) e½eÜz eûgyLx †mZz Lv‡Z wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z AvMÖnx| GZ Øviv Kx dz‡U D‡V‡Q?
6| gvby‡li kÖ‡gi Øviv Drcvw`Z m¤ú‡ì ev e¯‧i †h Ask cybivq K) kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv L) KvieviMZ MwZkxjZv
Drcv`b Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ nq, Zv‡K Kx e‡j? M) †ckvMZ MwZkxjZv N) ¯ÍiMZ MwZkxjZv
K) mÂq L) Avq 13| e¨w³ we‡k‡li mÂq Kx‡mi Dci wbf©i K‡i?
M) gybvdv N) g~jab K) mÂ‡qi B”Qv I †¯œn ggZv L) mÂ‡qi mvg_©¨ I `~i`„wó
7| ‡KvbwU wbw®…q Dcv`vb? M) mÂ‡qi B”Qv I mvg_©¨ N) wkÿvi Ici|
K) kÖg L) msMVb 14| mÂq m„wó‡Z †Kvb mÂq gyL¨ f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i?
M) g~jab N) kÖwgK K) e¨w³MZ mÂq L) AvšÍR©vwZK mÂq
8| ‡KvbwU g~ja‡bi •ewkó¨? M) ivóªxq mÂq N) mgevq mÂq
K) g~jab mwµq DcKiY L) g~jab mgRvZxq 15| Ôe½eÜz †mZzÕ †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab?
M) g~jab Drcv`bkxj N) g~jab mvkÖqx K) PjwZ L) ¯vqx M) e¨w³MZ N) †fvM¨

197
m„Rbkxj As‡ki mv‡Rkb
cÖ‡qvMg~jK msMV‡bi Kvhv©ewj e¨vL¨v Ki|
GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡ii •ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi •ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|
evsjv‡`‡ki ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ‡emiKvwi Dbœqb ms¯vmg~‡ni (GbwRI) mswÿß e¨vL¨v `vI|
D”PZi `ÿZvg~jK GKgvwjKvbv †_‡K Askx`vwi Kvievi iƒcvšÍwiZ nIqvi c×wZ hyw³mn we‡kølY Ki|
Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii I †h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ we‡kølY Ki|
GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡ii myweav I Amyweav we‡kølb Ki|
‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii myweav I Amyweav¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Ki|
‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡b †h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii f‚wgKv Av‡jvPbv Ki|

 msMV‡bi aviYv t Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ DcKiY‡K mymse×fv‡e mgš^q mvab K‡i Aí mg‡q I Aí e¨‡q AwaK cwigv‡Y Drcv`b Kivi cwiPvjb
c×wZ‡K msMVb ejv nq|
Aa¨vcK nvwb e‡jb, Ò‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó GK ev GKvwaK D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi j‡ÿ¨ e¨emvq cÖwZôv‡bi wewfbœ Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ myôzfv‡e mgš^‡q mvab
cÖwµqv‡K msMVb ejv nq| Aa¨vcK Gj. G. G‡jb e‡jb, ÒmsMVb n‡jv GKwU cÖwµqv, hv cvjbxq Kv‡h©i wPwýZKiY I wefw³KiY, KZ…©Z¡ I
`vwq‡Z¡i mywbw`©óKiY I n¯ÍvšÍi Ges D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi wbwg‡Ë RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ mev©waK Kvh©Ki m¤úK© cÖwZôv K‡i|Ó
 msMV‡bi •ewkó¨t Drcv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ f~wg, kÖg, g~ja‡bi AvbycvwZK msMÖn, ms‡hvRb Ges Drcv`‡b wb‡qvM Kiv cÖ‡Póvq msMVb KvR K‡i| Gme
Ki‡Z msMV‡bi wKQz •ewkó¨ aviY Ki‡Z nq| wb‡P msMV‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz ‣ewkó¨ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡jv-
 mgš^q mvab  SzuwK MÖnY  ¯^vaxb wPšÍvi evnK  we‡kl kÖg  Kg© wefvRb  bZzbZ¡ cÖPjb

 msMVb D‡`¨v³vt 1723 mv‡j divwm fvlvq cÖKvwkZ GKwU Awfavb ‘Dictionare Universal De Commerce’ G me©cÖ_g
‘Enterprendre’ kãwU eëüZ nq|‘Enterprendre’ kãwUi Bs‡iwR kã n‡jv ‘Entrepreneur’hvi A_© †Kv‡bv wKQz Kivi `vwqZ¡ MÖnY (To
undertake)| 1933 mv‡j d«v‡Ý G m¤ú‡K© ejv nq †h, GKwU cÖwZôvb ¯vc‡b whwb D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib we‡klfv‡e g~jab I kÖwg‡Ki g‡a¨
ga¨¯Zv K‡ib, wZwb D‡`¨v³v| †Kv‡bv eëmvq cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbvq †h e¨w³ msMV‡bi KvR K‡ib Zv‡K msMVK ev D‡`¨v³v ejv nq| D‡`¨v³vi
KvR n‡jv wbqš¿Y, cwiPvjbv Ges mgš^q mvab| eZ©gvb A_©‣bwZK eë¯vq wkí ms¯vi gvwjK‡K A_v©r †h g~jab †hvMvb †`q I cwiPvjbv K‡i,
wZwbB msMVb ev D‡`¨v³v|
 mdj D‡`¨v³vi ¸Yvewj t
 m„RbkxjZv  AvZ¥wek¦vm  mwVK wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi ÿgZv  †bZ…Z¡ `v‡bi †hvM¨Zv
 SzuwK MÖn‡Yi gvbwmKZv  `~i`wk©Zv  wewea  eyw×gËv
 ¯^vaxb‡PZv  AvKl©Yxq e¨w³Z¡  mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡‡eva  K‡g© `„pZv

198
 D‡`¨v³vi Kvhv©ewj t
 bZzbZ¡ cÖPjb  Dcv`vbmg~‡ni mgš^q mvab  gybvdv AR©b  SzuwK I AwbðqZv enb
 weÁvcb I cÖPvi  Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ evRviRvZ Kiv  bZzb evRvi AbymÜvb  Avq eÈb
 Drcv`‡bi cwiKíbv I bxwZwbav©iY  Drcv`b KvR cwiPvjbv I ZË¡veavb
 msMV‡bi cÖKvi‡f` t

 GKK gvwjKvbv Kvievit ‡Kv‡bv miKvwi ev †emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK hw` GKRb nq, Zvn‡j Zv‡K GKK gvwjKvbv Kvievi ejv nq|
Aa¨vcK we. I.ûBjvi e‡jb,ÒGKK gvwjKvbv Kvievi n‡jv Ggb GK ai‡bi e¨emvq msMVb hvi gvwjK I wbqš¿K GKRb gvÎ e¨w³|Ó
Aa¨vcK wiwP Ges †MÖwW e‡jb, Ò‡h Kvievi c×wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv e¨w³ Kviev‡ii mKj m¤ú‡`i gvwjK I wbqš¿K GKRb gvÎ e¨w³|Ó

GB Aa¨v‡qi wfwWI K¬vm

†c‡Z Avgv‡K e¨envi Ki|

 GKK gvwjKvbv Kviev‡ii myweavmg~nt

 `ªæZ wm×všÍ MÖnY  cÖkvmwbK RwUjZv Kg  cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î `ÿZv  AcPq †iva Kiv hvq
 Dbœqb Drcv`b c×wZi eënvi  wewb‡qv‡Mi myweav  e¨w³MZ m¤úK© M‡o I‡V  †MvcbxqZv iÿv
 wnmve-wbKv‡ki myweav  we‡jvc mvab Kiv hvq
 GKK gvwjKvbv Kviev‡ii Amyweavmg~nt
 Kviev‡ii AvqZb  g~ja‡bi Afve  evRvi mxwgZ  mybvg bó nq
 kÖwg‡Ki †kvlY Kiv nq  eëmv‡q ÿwZi m¤¢vebv  mvgvwRK ghv©`v Kg  ¯vwq‡Z¡i Afve
 e„n`vqZb Drcv`b myweavewÂZ  kÖwgK‡ì my‡hvM-myweavi Afve
 Askx`vwi Kvievit ci¯úi cwiwPwZ `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ hw` wb‡R‡ì g~jab I eyw× Øviv mw¤§wjZfv‡e eëmvq M‡o †Zv‡j, Zvn‡j Zv‡K
Askx`vwi Kvievi e‡j|
Aa¨vcK _gvm e‡jb,ÒAskx`vwi Kvievi n‡jv KwZcq e¨w³i GKwU mwgwZ, hvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv mw¤§wjZfv‡e eëmvq K‡i gybvdv AR©b Kiv|Ó
evsjv‡`‡k cÖPwjZ 1932 mv‡j Askx`vwi AvB‡bi 4 avivq ejv n‡q‡Q,ÒAskx`vwi msMVb n‡jv KwZcq e¨w³i g‡a¨ we`¨gvb Pzw³e× m¤úK©, hvi
D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv mK‡ji Øviv A_ev mK‡ji c‡ÿ GKR‡bi Øviv cwiPvwjZ msMV‡bi gybvdv wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ eÈb K‡i †bIqv|
 Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii •ewkó¨t
 mnR MVb  GKvwaK m`m¨  Pzw³e× m¤úK©  Amxg `vq
 cvi¯úwiK cÖwZwbwaZ¡  g~jab mieivn  ¯vwq‡Z¡i AwbðqZv  gvwjKvbvi n¯ÍvšÍi A‡hvM¨Zv
 AvBbMZ mËv  Askx`vi‡ì †hvM¨Zv  cvi¯úwiK Av¯v I wek¦vm  jvf-‡jvKmvb eÈb
 cwiPvjbv  wbeÜb
 Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii myweavmg~nt Askx`vwi Kviev‡i 2 Rb †_‡K m‡ev©”P 20 Rb m`m¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i| Aek¨B e¨vsK eëmv‡qi †ÿ‡Î m‡ev©”P m`m¨
10 Rb _v‡K| Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii wKQz myweav jÿ Kiv hvq| G Kviev‡ii myweavmg~n wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-
 Kviev‡ii AvqZb  Kviev‡ii ¯vwqZ¡  g~ja‡bi cwigvY  Avw_©K `ÿZv
 DbœZ hš¿cvwZi eënvi  `jMZ ¯^v_©iÿv  †h․_ wm×všÍ MÖnY  gvwjKvbv I wbqš¿‡Y mgš^‡q
 bZzb Askx`vi MÖn‡Yi my‡hvM  K‡ii myweav  `ÿ Kg©Pvix wb‡qvM
 Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii Amyweavmg~nt
199
 AePq I Ace¨q nq cwiPvjbvi m`m¨v  `ybx©wZi Avk¼v  RbM‡Yi Av¯vi Afve
 `ªæZ wm×v‡šÍi Afve  c„_K nIqvi mgm¨v  SMov weev`  Amg gybvdv eÈb
 ‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievit gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKvwaK e¨w³ †¯^”Qvq GKwÎZ n‡q wb‡R‡ì mvg_¨© Abyhvqx †h․_fv‡e g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡i mxgve×
`v‡qi wfwË‡Z †h Kvievi MVb K‡i, Zv‡K †h․_ g~jabx Kvievi e‡j|
 ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii MVbcÖYvwj: ‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi `yB cÖKvi| h_v-
K. cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW ‡Kv¤úvwb I L. cvewjK wjwg‡WU †Kv¤úvwb
 cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb: Kgc‡ÿ 2 Rb Ges E‡aŸ© 50 Rb D‡`¨v³v wb‡q GKwU cÖvB‡fU †Kv¤úvwb MVb Kiv hvq|
 cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úwb: Kgc‡ÿ 7 Rb D‡`¨v³v cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb MVb Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡ÿ‡Î m`‡mï †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó msL¨v †bB|
 †h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡i g~jab msMÖ‡ni Dcvq:
 mvaviY †kqvi  AMÖMY¨ †kqvi  FYcÎ  AewÈZ gybvdv  AvšÍRv©wZK FY MÖnY

 †h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii Amyweavmg~n:

 ‡kqvi‡nvìvi‡ì ¸iæZ¡ _v‡K bv  iæwPi weK…wZ N‡U  GK‡PwUqv cÖvavb¨ e„w× cvq  abZ‡š¿i cwiPvjK
 wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y wej¤^  ‡kÖwY‣elg¨ ev‡o  †MvcbxqZv Afve  ¯^Rb †cvlY Kiv
 `~wlZ cwi‡ek  dUKvevwR
 mgevq cÖwZôvb ev mgevq Kvievi: mgevq Kvievi n‡jv Ggb GK ai‡bi eëmvq cÖwZôvb †hLv‡b wKQz †jvK †¯^”Qvq GKwÎZ n‡q mgvb AwaKvi I
mgvb `vwq‡Z¡i wfwË‡Z eëmvq cwiPvjbv K‡i|
 mgevq Kviev‡ii myweav:
 mgvb AwaKvi  gvwjK-kÖwgK m¤úK©  Drcv`‡bi gvÎv e„w×  mÂq cÖeYZv e„w×
 mylg eÈb  dwoqv I `vjvj `~ixKiY  mvgvwRK m¤úK© Dbœqb  AvZ¥wbf©ikxjZv AR©b
 cywuRev`x eë¯vi Aemvb  mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v e„w×
 mgevq Kviev‡ii Amyweav:
 ¯^í g~jab  cwiPvjbv A`ÿZv  wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y mgm¨v  wbqgk„•Ljvi Afve
 mn‡hvwMZvi Afve  mwVK D‡`¨v‡Mi Afve  wkwÿZ m`‡mï Afve  `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b Ae‡njv
 miKvwi ev ivóªvqË cÖwZôv‡bi myweav: ivóª KZ…©K cwiPvwjZ evwYwR¨K ev wkímsµvšÍ Kg©KvÛ‡K ivóªxq eëmvq e‡j|
 mgv‡Ri Dbœqb mvab  fvix wkí cÖwZôv  †`‡ki ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wkíLvZ  cÖwZiÿv wkí
 †MvcbxqZv iÿv  ivmvqwbK `ªe¨ wbqš¿Y  cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì myôz eënvi  •elg¨ `~ixKiY
 M‡elYv I cÖwkÿY cÖ`vb  Drcv`b e¨q n«vm
 ivóªvqË cÖwZôv‡bi Amyweav:
 AvgjvZvwš¿K RwUjZv  `ÿZvm¤úbœ Kgx©i Afve  †jvKmv‡bi `vq Pvcv‡bv  Z`viwKi Afve
 AjvfRbK  cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Afve  †MvcbxqZv dvum  wm×všÍ cÖYq‡b wej¤^
 ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôvb: we‡kl wKQz RwUjZv Gov‡bvi Rb¨ e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb wKQz cÖwZôvb‡K miKvwi bxwZ Av`‡k©i AvIZvq G‡b cwiPvwjZ Kiv nq,
hv‡K ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôvb ejv nq| wb‡P evsjv‡`‡ki D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wewfbœ ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôv‡bi bvg †Ìqv n‡jv-
 wkí LvZmg~n: evsjv‡`‡ki ÿz`ª I KzwUi wkí ms¯v, evsjv‡`k wPwb I Lv`¨ wkí K‡cv©‡ikb, evsjv‡`k cvUKj ms¯v, evsjv‡`k ebR wkí ms¯v|
 K…wl LvZmg~n: evsjv‡`k grm¨ Dbœqb K‡cv©‡ikb, evsjv‡`k K…wl Dbœqb K‡cv©‡ikb|
 LwbR m¤ú` LvZmg~n: evsjv‡`k †Zj, M¨vm I LwbR m¤ú` K‡cv©‡ikb, evsjv‡`k we`y¨r Dbœqb †evW©|
 cwienb I †hvMv‡hvM LvZmg~n: evsjv‡`k Af¨šÍixY †b․cwienb KZ…©cÿ, evsjv‡`k wkwcs K‡cv©‡ikb|
 ‡mev LvZmg~n: evsjv‡`k ch©Ub ms¯v, evsjv‡`k †Uwj‡dvb wkí ms¯v,cwjø we`y¨rZvqb †evW©, evsjv‡`k e¨vsK, evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK BZ¨vw`|

 ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôv‡bi myweav: wb‡Pi ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôv‡bi myweav †`Iqv n‡jv-

 GbwRIi •ewkó¨mg~n: GbwRImg~n MÖv‡gi f~wgnxb I `wi`ª gvbyl‡K A_©‣bwZK fv‡e ¯^vej¤^x Kivi Rb¨ webv Rvgvb‡Z FY cÖ`vb K‡i| GbwRI
Kvh©µ‡gi g~j ‣ewkó¨mg~n n‡jv-
 GKwU Uv‡M©U MÖæc w¯i K‡i Uv‡M©U MÖæc‡K FY cÖ`vb Kiv|  Uv‡M©U MÖæ‡c gwnjv‡ì AMÖvwaKvi cÖ`vb|
 Uv‡M©U MÖæ‡ci m`mïv f~wgnxb A_ev 0.5 GK‡Ki †P‡q Kg Rwgi gvwjK|  FYMÖn‡Y †Kv‡bv RvgvbZ jv‡M bv|
 mvaviYZ cÖ_g chv©‡q F‡Yi cwigvY 2,000 UvKv †_‡K 10,000 UvKv ch©šÍ|
 GbwRI F‡Yi myweavmg~n: GbwRI Kvh©µ‡gi g~j •ewkó¨ n‡jv ÿz`ªFY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv| GbwRI F‡Yi myweavmg~n n‡jv-
 A_©‣bwZKfv‡e ¯^vej¤^x K‡i| g‡b Kiv nq, ÿz`ªFY bvix‡ì A_©‣bwZK ¯^vej¤^x n‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| Zv‡ì mvgvwRK ghv©`v e„w× K‡i|
 A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib, FYcÖvwßi d‡j cwiev‡ii wm×všÍ MÖnY Kv‡R gwnjviv Zv‡ì f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i A_©‣bwZK †ÿ‡Î wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y
AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i|
 cwiKwíZ cwievi MVb mnvqZv K‡i| †`Lv hvq, hviv ÿz`ªF‡Yi mv‡_ RwoZ mšÍvb MÖn‡Yi nvi Kg _v‡K| KviY Zv‡ì KvRKg© †Kej M„n¯vwji
KvRK‡g©i g‡a¨B mxgve× _v‡K bv| Gi evB‡i A_©‣bwZK Kg©Kv‡Û Zv‡ì cÖPzi mgq e¨q Ki‡Z nq|
 bvix wkÿvi nvi e„w× K‡i| ÿz`ªFY cÖK‡í BwZevPK w`‡Ki g‡a¨ Av‡iKwU n‡jv bvix wkÿv nvi e„w×| †hgb cyiæ‡li cvkvcvwki bvixivI A_©‣ bwZK
Kg©Kv‡Û AskMÖn‡Yi d‡j cwiev‡i A_‣bwZK m”QjZv e„w× cvq|
 GbwRI F‡Yi Amyweavmg~n: GbwRImg~‡ni ÿz`ªFY cÖK‡íi KwZcq BwZevPK w`K _vK‡jI Gi wKQz Amyweav i‡q‡Q| Amyweavmg~n wb¤œiƒc-
 GbwRI‡ì wbKU †_‡K gwnjviv FY †bq| wKš‧ †mB F‡Yi UvKv Zviv Zv‡ì wcZv ev ¯^vgx‡K w`‡q †`q| gwnjviv evRvi A_©bxwZ‡Z Avm‡Z cv‡i
bv| d‡j hwÌ GbwRImg~n cÖPzi FY †`q; wKš‧ Zv gwnjv‡ì ÿgZv Dbœq‡b Lye †ewk f~wgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡Q bv|
 GbwRI‡ì cÖ`Ë FY gnvRbx F‡Yi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv nq| A‡b‡K Awf‡hvM K‡ib, ÿz`ªFY eë¯v A‡bKvsk gnvRbx FY‡KB cybtcÖwZwôZ Ki‡Q|
 GbwRIi F‡Yi UvKv cÖwZ mßv‡n †diZ w`‡Z nq, hv A‡b‡Ki Rb¨B KóKi `vuovq| KviY MÖvgvÂ‡ji K…wl‡ÿ‡Î wewb‡qvM Ki‡j Zv †_‡K Av‡qi
Rb¨ `xN©w`b A‡cÿv Ki‡Z nq|
 GbwRI F‡Yi UvKvq A‡bK mgq gaëZx© dvq`v c~iY Kiv hvq| A‡bKB GKvwaK GbwRIi mv‡_ hy³ _v‡K| Zviv GKwU GbwRI †_‡K FY wb‡q
Ab¨wUi FY cwi‡kva K‡i|
 GbwRIi F‡Yi A‡bK mgq cvwievwiK msKU †`Lv ‡`q| ÿz`ªFY cÖK‡íi Kvi‡Y gwnjv‡ì Ici Kv‡Ri †evSv Lye †e‡o hvq| KviY F‡Yi UvKv
cwi‡kva Kivi Rb¨ N‡ii evB‡i wM‡qI Zv‡ì KvR Ki‡Z nq| G‡Z cvwievwiK msKU †`Lv †`q|
 mgv‡jvPbv: GbwRIi bvbv KvR cÖkswmZ n‡jI Zv‡ì A‡bK mgv‡jvPbvI i‡q‡Q| we‡klZ †hgb GbwRI gvB‡µvwdb¨vÛ ev FY Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ
Ki‡Q Zv‡ì cÖwZ Awf‡hvM A‡bK †ewk|
 GbwRImg~n Pov my‡ì `wi`ª gvbyl‡ì Kv‡Q FY weZiY Ki‡Q| cvkvcvwk `wi`ª‡ì `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvP‡bi †P‡q Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †_‡K F‡Yi UvKv Av`vq
Ki‡Z wM‡q g‡bv‡hvMx e‡j mgv‡jvPbv i‡q‡Q|
 GbwRI ey¨‡iv‡Z wbewÜZ A‡bK GbwRI i‡q‡Q, hviv GbwRIi Avov‡j weKí e¨vswKs eë¯v Pvjy K‡i‡Q e‡j Awf‡hvM †kvbv hvq|
 evsjv‡`‡k mvwe©Kfv‡e GbwRI‡ì KvRKg© cÖkswmZ n‡jI Kvh©Ki †Kv‡bv Revew`wnZvi eë¯v bv _vKv Ges miKvi, bvMwiK mgvR I `vZv‡Mvôxi
mv‡_ mgš^‡qi Afve i‡q‡Q|
A‡bK †ÿ‡Î †Kvb cÖwZôvb‡K GbwRI ev †emiKvwi ms¯v wn‡m‡e aiv n‡e Ges †Kvb cÖwZôvb‡K aiv n‡e bv †m m¤ú‡K©I aviYvi Afve i‡q‡Q| d‡j
GbwRI wn‡m‡e wbewÜZ bv n‡q gvwëcvicvm †Kv- Acv‡iwUf †mvmvBwUi bv‡g mgevq Kvh©µg Pvjv‡bv cÖwZôvbI GbwRI Kg©KvÛ Pvwj‡q hv‡”Q|

Ávbg~jK cÖkœ I mgvavb cÖkœ: ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôvb Kx?

cÖkœ: GKgvwjKvbv Kvievi Kv‡K e‡j? DËi: ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôvb n‡jv †h cÖwZôvb miKv‡ii A_© mnvqZvq
DËi: GKRb gvwjK KZ„©K eëmvq cwiPvwjZ n‡j Zv‡K GK gvwjKvbv cwiPvwjZ nq Z‡e cÖkvmb wb‡R‡ì wbq‡g kvwmZ nq|
Kvievi e‡j|
201
cÖkœ: GbwRI Kx? ‡ewk _v‡K Ges evRvi nq e¨vcK| GQvov Askx`vwi Kviev‡i ¯vwqZ¡ I
DËi: †`wk- we‡`wk Aby`vb cÖvß †mevg~jK I Dbœqbg~jK †emiKvwi w¯iZv ‡ewk nq| Gme w`‡K we‡ePbv K‡i ejv hvq, GKgvwjKvbv Kvievi
mvnvh¨ ms¯v‡K GbwRI e‡j| ‡_‡K Askx`vwi Kvievi ‡kÖq|
cÖkœ: †kqvi Kx? cÖkœ 2| msMVb I msMV‡Ki g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ ‡jL|
DËi: ‡h․_g~jabx †Kv¤úvwbi †gvU g~jab‡K (Aby‡gvw`Z g~jab) wbw`©ó DËi : msMVb I msMV‡Ki g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ e¨vcK| mvaviY A‡_© msMVb
cwigvY A‡_©i ÿz`ª ÿz`ª As‡k wef³ Kiv‡K †kqvi e‡j| n‡jv cÖwZôvb Avi msMVK n‡jv cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPvjK| msMVb wb‡R wb‡R
cÖkœ: wk‡íi AwabvqK ejv nq Kv‡K? Pj‡Z cv‡i bv| msMVK msMVb‡K ‡hw`‡K cwiPvjbv K‡i, msMVb
DËi: D‡`¨v³v‡K wk‡íi AwabvqK e‡j| ‡mw`‡K cwiPvwjZ nq| msMV‡bi mdjZv I e¨_©Zv msMV‡Ki Ici c~Y©
cÖkœ: Drcv`‡bi PZz_© ev †kl DcKiY †KvbwU? wbf©ikxj |
DËi: Drcv`‡bi PZz_© ev †kl DcKiY n‡jv msMVb ev D‡`¨v³v| cÖkœ 3| cvewjK wj. I cÖvB‡fU wj. ‡Kv¤úvwbi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx?
cÖkœ: Drcv`‡bi hveZxq `vwqZ¡ Kv‡K cvjb Ki‡Z nq? DËi : cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW ‡Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v 2 R‡bi Kg Ges 50
DËi: Drcv`‡bi hveZxq `vwqZ¡ D‡`¨v³v‡K cvjb Ki‡Z nq| R‡bi ‡ewk n‡Z cvi‡e bv| Ab¨w`‡K cvewjK wjwg‡UW ‡Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨
cÖkœ: wkí PvjK ev cÖfz ejv nq Kv‡K? msL¨v 7 Rb ‡_‡K AmsL¨ n‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e 7 Gi Kg bq| cÖvB‡fU
DËi: msMVK ev D‡`¨v³v‡K wkí PvjK ev cÖfz ejv nq| wjwg‡UW ‡Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ ‡kqv‡ii gvwjKvbv n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv; wKš‧
cÖkœ: Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ evRviRvZ K‡ib †K? cvewjK wjwg‡UW ‡Kv¤úvwbi ‡kqvi n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨|
DËi: Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ evRviRvZ K‡ib D‡`¨v³v| cÖkœ 5| ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii `ywU ‣ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ: bZzb evRvi AbymÜvb K‡ib †K? DËi : ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii `ywU ‣ewkó¨ wbgœiƒc- 1. AvB‡b ewY©Z wbqg
DËi: bZzb evRvi AbymÜvb K‡ib D‡`¨v³v| Abyhvqx ‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi MwVZ nq|
cÖkœ: †Kvb Kvievi ¯vcb Kiv mnR? KwZcq ‡jvK ‡¯^”Qvq AvBb ‡g‡b ‡Kv¤úvwb MVb K‡i| Avevi ‡KD ‡kqvi
DËi: GKgvwjKvbv Kvievi ¯vcb Kiv mnR| wK‡b Gi m`m¨ n‡Z cv‡i| Avevi Zv wewµ K‡i we`vqI wb‡Z cv‡i|
cÖkœ: †Kvb Kvievi evRvi mxwgZ nq? 2. ‡Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨msL¨v AvBb Øviv wbw`©ó Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvB‡fU
DËi: GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡ii evRvi mxwgZ nq| ‡Kv¤úvwbi ‡¶‡Î G msL¨v me©wbgœ 2 I m‡e©v”P 50 Ges cvewjK
cÖkœ: †Kvb Kviev‡i GKRb e¨w³i Ici `vq evZ©vq? ‡Kv¤úvwbi ‡¶‡Î me©wbgœ 7 I m‡e©v”P ‡kqvi msL¨v Øviv mxgve× |
DËi: GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡i GKRb e¨w³i Ici `vq evZ©vq| cÖkœ 6| Askx`vwi Kvievi ej‡Z Kx ‡evS?
cÖkœ:‡Kvb Kviev‡i kÖwgKiv †ewk †kvwlZ nq? DËi : `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³i mw¤§wjZ gvwjKvbvq ‡h eëmvq
DËi: GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡i kÖwgKiv †ewk †kvwlZ nq| cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K Askx`vwi Kvievi e‡j| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, `yB ev
cÖkœ: Askx`vwi Kviev‡i gybvdv Kxfv‡e ew›UZ nq? Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³ gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ ‡¯^”Qvq Pyw³e× n‡q ‡h Kvievi
DËi: Askx`vwi Kviev‡i gybvdv Pzw³i wfwË‡Z ewÈZ nq| MVb K‡i Zv‡K Askx`vwi Kvievi e‡j| Pyw³‡Z Askx`vi‡ì `vq`vwqZ¡
cÖkœ: ‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi‡K ms‡ÿ‡c Kx ejv nq? mieivnK…Z g~jab I Kviev‡ii jvf- ‡jvKmvb, AvbycvwZK mswkøóZv, A_©
DËi: †h․_ g~jabx Kvievi‡K ms‡ÿ‡c †Kv¤úvwb ejv nq| msMÖn I bZyb Askx`vi MÖn‡Yi e¨vcv‡i kZ© BZ¨vw` welq D‡jøL _v‡K|
cÖkœ: †h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡i g~jab Kxfv‡e _v‡K? b~b¨Zg 2 Rb Ges me©vwaK 20 Rb G Kviev‡ii m`m¨ n‡Z cv‡ib|
DËi: †h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡i g~jab eûmsL¨K ÿz`ª ÿz`ª GK‡K wef³ _v‡K| cÖkœ 7| evsjv‡`‡k Kvh©µg Av‡Q Ggb 4wU NGO-Gi bvg ‡jL|
cÖkœ: †Kvb Kvievi AvBbMZ wfwË‡Z MwVZ nq? DËi : evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©mvgvwRK Ae¯vi Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨ wewfbœ GbwRI
DËi: †h․_ g~jabx Kvievi AvBbMZ wfwË‡Z MwVZ nq| mdjfv‡e Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i hv‡”Q| Ggb 4wU NGO-Gi bvg n‡”Q-
cÖkœ: †Kvb †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi †nvìvi cwieZ©b n‡jI †Kv¤úvwb wU‡K _v‡K? 1. 'MÖvgxY e¨vsK' hv `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvP‡b KvR Ki‡Q|
DËi: †h․_ g~jabx †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi †nvìvi cwieZ©b n‡jI †Kv¤úvwb 2. '‡Kqvi (CARE)' hv cwjø Dbœq‡b wb‡qvwRZ|
wU‡K _v‡K| 3. 'eª¨vK'|
cÖkœ: ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii gnvRb Kviv? 4. ÔAvkvÕ hv‡ì eûgyLx Kvh©µg evsjv‡`‡k cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q Ges wewfbœ
DËi: hviv FYcÎ µq K‡ib Zviv †h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii gnvRb| ‡¶‡Î mdjfv‡e Ae`vb ivL‡Q|
cÖkœ: g~jab msMÖ‡ni †ÿ‡Î †kqvi †Kgb nq? cÖkœ 8| msMVb ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: g~jab msMÖ‡ni †ÿ‡Î †kqvi wewfbœ †kÖwYi nq| DËi : Drcv`‡bi DcKiYmg~n h_v f~wg, kÖg I g~jabB Gi ciB
cÖkœ: †Kvb Kviev‡ii Rb¨ g~jab •elg¨ e„w× cvq? msMV‡bi ¯vb| Drcv`‡bi DcKiY¸‡jv‡K msMwVZ K‡i Drcv`b ‡¶‡Î
DËi: †h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii Rb¨ g~j ab •elg¨ †`Lv hvq| Zv‡ì‡K wb‡qvM Kivi Rb¨ KvD‡K D‡`¨vMx n‡Z nq| f~wg, kÖg I
cÖkœ: †Kvb Kviev‡i †MvcbxqZv iÿv nq bv? g~ja‡bi g‡a¨ mgš^q mva‡bi cÖqvm‡KB msMVb e‡j | f~wg, kÖg I
DËi: †h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡i †MvcbxqZv iÿv nq bv| g~jab c…_K c…_Kfv‡e Ae¯vb Ki‡j Drcv`b n‡Z cv‡i bv| Drcv`b
cÖkœ: evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ †bv‡ej weRqx cÖwZôv‡bi bvg Kx? Ki‡Z n‡j G DcKiY¸‡jv‡K GKwÎZ K‡i Drcv`‡bi j‡¶¨ cwiPvjbv
DËi: evsjv‡`‡ki GKgvÎ †bv‡ej weRqx cÖwZôv‡bi bvg MÖvgxY e¨vsK| Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| ‡h Kg©‣bcyY¨ I D‡`¨vM Øviv Drcv`‡bi DcKiYmg~n
cÖkœ: MÖvgxY e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZôvZv †K? GKwÎZ K‡i Zv‡ì g‡a¨ mgš^q mvabc~e©K wbw`©ó j‡¶¨ Drcv`b Kvh©
DËi: MÖvgxY e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZôvZv Wt gynv¤§` BDb~m| cwiPvwjZ nq ZvB msMVb|

Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ I DËi cÖkœ 9| Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii myweavmg~n Kx Kx?

cÖkœ 1| ‡Kvb ‡Kvb w`K ‡_‡K GKgvwjKvbv Kvievi ‡_‡K Askx`vwi DËi : we‡kl myweavi Rb¨ Askx`vwi Kvievi AvaywbK we‡k¦ ‡ek RbwcÖqZv
Kvievi ‡kÖq? jvf K‡i‡Q| ‡hgb- Askx`vwi Kviev‡i `y ev Z‡ZvwaK gvwjK _v‡Kb Ges
DËi : GKgvwjKvbv Kvievi eo AvKv‡i n‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j g~jabI Kg Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii ¯vwqZ¡ I w¯iZv ‡ewk nq| G Kviev‡ii g~ja‡bi
jv‡M Ges evRvi mxwgZ _v‡K| G Kviev‡i gvwjK A‡bK mgq gybvdvi cwigvY ‡ewk _v‡K Ges Askx`viiv g~ja‡bi ‡hvMvb ‡`b Avevi Pyw³
Avkvq kÖwgK‡ì ‡kvlY K‡i| G Kviev‡ii ¯vwqZ¡ AwbwðZ| c¶všÍ‡i Abymv‡i jvf-‡jvKmvb wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ eÈb K‡i ‡bb| Z‡e Pyw³‡K
Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK gvwjK _v‡K e‡j g~ja‡bi ‡hvMvb Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii wfwË wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq|
cÖkœ 10| D‡`¨v³vi Kvh©vewj Av‡jvPbv Ki|
202
DËi : AvaywbK we‡k¦i e„n`vqZb I RwUj Drcv`b eë¯vq D‡`¨v³v DËi : ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii myweavi cvkvcvwk ‡ek wKQy AmyweavI
wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR m¤úv`b K‡ib| Drcv`‡bi ‡_‡K ‡kl ch©šÍ mKj i‡q‡Q| ‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi mywbw`©ó AvBbMZ cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g MwVZ nq
cÖKvi cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevq‡bi KvR Zv‡K Z`viwK Ki‡Z nq| hv A‡bK mgqmv‡c¶ Ges Kómva¨ e¨vcvi| G Kvievi ‡eZb‡fvMx
‡hgb- Dcv`vbmg~‡ni mgš^q mvab, gybvdv AR©b, SyuwK I AwbðqZv Kg©Pvix I Kg©KZ©v KZ©…K cwiPvwjZ nq e‡j AcPq ‡ewk nq| G
enb, Drcv`b KvR cwiPvjbv I ZË¡veavb, Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ evRviRvZKiY Kviev‡i `ybx© wZ I ¯^RbcÖxwZ ‡`Lv hvq Ges kÖwgK gvwj‡Ki ‡Kv‡bv
BZ¨vw` mKj KvR D‡`¨v³v wb‡R cwiPvjbv K‡ib| cÖZ¨¶ m¤úK© _v‡K bv|
cÖkœ 11| GKgvwjKvbv Kvievi ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? cÖkœ 19| miKvwi/ivó«xq LvZ eY©bv Ki|
DËi : ‡h Kviev‡i GKRbgvÎ gvwjK _v‡Kb Ges wb‡Ri eëmvq wb‡RB DËi : mnRfv‡e ejv hvq, ‡h Kviev‡i ivó« cÖZ¨¶ wbqš¿Y K‡i, Drcv`b
cwiPvjbv K‡ib Ges GKvB eëmv‡qi m¤ú~Y© `vwqZ¡ I SyuwK MÖnY K‡ib I eÈb KvR cwiPvjbvq ivó«B f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Zv‡K miKvwi ev
Zv‡K GKgvwjKvbv Kvievi e‡j| G ai‡bi Kviev‡ii gvwjK wb‡RB ivó«vqË Kvievi e‡j| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, miKvwi ev ivó«vqË Kvievi
Kviev‡ii KY©avi Ges cwiPvjK| eëmv‡qi jvf- ‡jvKmv‡bi `vwqZ¡ n‡jv Ggb GKwU Kvievi hv miKvwi gvwjKvbvi wbqš¿‡Y MwVZ I
Zv‡KB enb Ki‡Z nq| Aa¨vcK we. I. ûBjvi e‡jb, GKK gvwjKvbv cwiPvwjZ nq| A‡bK mgq miKvi e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb cÖwZôvb
IB ai‡bi eëmvq gvwjKvbv, hv gvÎ GK e¨w³i gvwjKvbvaxb Ges ûKyg`L‡ji gva¨‡g miKvwi gvwjKvbvq MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
wbqš¿Yvaxb i‡q‡Q| cÖkœ 20| ivó«vqË Kviev‡ii Amyweavmg~n Kx Zv eY©bv Ki|
cÖkœ 12| GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡ii myweavmg~n eY©bv Ki| DËi : ivó«vqË Kviev‡ii myweavi cvkvcvwk wKQy AmyweavI we`¨gvb _v‡K|
DËi : GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡ii ‡ek wKQy myweav i‡q‡Q| ‡h Kvi‡Y G ai‡bi Zv n‡jv- miKvwi cÖwZôvb miKvwi Avgjv Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq Ges
Kvievi AwaK cQ›`bxq| KviY GKRb gvwjK mn‡RB GKwU Kvievi cÖwZôv ‡mRb¨ AvgjvZvwš¿K RwUjZvq fyM‡Z nq| miKvwi cÖwZôv‡b kÖwgK‡ì
Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G Kviev‡i gvwjK wb‡RB AvMÖn mnKv‡i eëmv‡qi Kvh©Kjvc gRywi wbw`©ó Ges ¯vqx| d‡j AwaK Drcv`‡bi Avkv K‡i bv G Kvi‡Y
cwiPvjbv I ch©v‡e¶Y Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges `ªæZ wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G Drcv`b n«vm cvq| ivó«vqË Kviev‡i cÖvqB ‡jvKmvb nq Ges G‡Z `ybx© wZ
ai‡bi Kviev‡i kÖwgK I gvwj‡Ki mym¤úK© _v‡K, AcPq n«vm cvq, I ¯^RbcÖxwZ j¶ Kiv hvq| ivó«vqË Kviev‡ii Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve msm‡`
‡MvcbxqZv mn‡RB i¶v Kiv hvq Ges ‡Kv‡bv Askx`vi _v‡Kb bv e‡j Av‡jvPbv nq| d‡j ‡MvcbxqZv _v‡K bv|
eëmv‡qi mKj gybvdv gvwjK wb‡RB ‡fvM K‡ib| cÖkœ 21| ‡h․_ LvZ ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
cÖkœ 13| GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡ii Amyweav Kx Zv ms‡¶‡c ‡jL | DËi : mvaviYZ miKvwi Ges ‡emiKvwi Lv‡Zi GK‡Î AskMÖnY‡K ‡h․_
DËi: GKgvwjKvbv Kvievi KLbB eo AvKv‡i n‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j LvZ eëmvq e‡j| miKvwi I ‡emiKvwi Askx`vwi‡Z¡i gva¨‡g wkí
g~jabI Kg jv‡M Ges evRviI mxwgZ _v‡K| GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡i D‡`¨vM MÖnY‡K ‡h․_ LvZ ev wcwcwc ejv nq| wkí gvwjKvbv I
gvwjK A‡bK mgq AwZ gybvdvi Avkvq kÖwgK‡ì ‡kvlY K‡i _v‡Kb| cwiPvjbvq miKvwi I ‡emiKvwi Dfq LvZ GK‡hv‡M GLv‡b f~wgKv
GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡ii ¯vwqZ¡ AwbwðZ| GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡ii wKQy iv‡L| wgkÖ A_©bxwZ‡Z miKvwi Lv‡Zi mv‡_ ‡`kxq D‡`¨v³v ev we‡`wk
Amyweav _vK‡jI mxwgZ evRvi cwim‡i ¯vbxq Pvwn`v ‡gUv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖwZôvb GK‡hv‡M KvR K‡i|
GKgvwjKvbv Kvievi AwaK MÖnY‡hvM¨ nq| cÖkœ 22| evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b GbwRImg~‡ni Kvh©vewj
cÖkœ 14| ‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? ms‡¶‡c D‡jøL Ki|
DËi : gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ K‡qKRb e¨w³ GKwÎZ n‡q Zv‡ì wbR wbR DËi : evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b GbwRImg~n ‡hme wel‡q KvR
mvg_¨© Abyhvqx mw¤§wjZfv‡e g~jab wewb‡qvM K‡i mxgve× `v‡qi wfwË‡Z ‡h Ki‡Q Zv wbgœiƒc-
Kvievi cÖwZôvb MVb K‡ib Zv‡K ‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi e‡j| ms‡¶‡c G‡K RbmsL¨v wbqš¿Y I ‡eKviZ¡ `~ixKiY| wk¶v I mvgvwRK ebvqb| ¯^v¯¨
‡Kv¤úvwbI ejv nq| ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii g~jab eûmsL¨K ¶y`ª ¶y`ª GK‡K cwiPh©v, cvbxq Rj Ges N~wY©So AvkÖq‡K›`ª | cyiæl I gwnjv‡ì ¯^-¯^
wef³ Kiv _v‡K| Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU GKK‡K ‡kqvi e‡j| G Kvievi ‡Kv¤úvwb Avw½‡K ¯^vej¤^x K‡i M‡o ‡Zvjv|
AvBb Abymv‡i Aek¨B wbewÜZ n‡Z nq| cÖkœ 23| GbwRI F‡Yi myweavmg~n ‡jL|
cÖkœ 15| ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii MVb cÖYvwj ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Ki| DËi : GbwRI F‡Yi myweavmg~n n‡jv-
DËi : ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii D‡`¨v³viv me©cÖ_g ‡Kv¤úvwbi Kv‡Q cÖPvi A_©‣bwZKfv‡e ¯^vej¤^x K‡i| g‡b Kiv nq, ¶y`ªFY bvix‡ì
K‡ib| Zvici Zv miKv‡ii wbKU n‡Z Aby‡gv`b Kwi‡q eëmv‡qi KvR A_©‣bwZKfv‡e ¯^vej¤^x n‡Z mnvqZv K‡i| Zv‡ì mvgvwRK gh©v`v e„w×
ïiæ K‡ib| G Kviev‡ii cwiPvjbvi fvi GKwU cwiPvjbvKwgwUi Ici b¨¯Í K‡i| A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib, FYcÖvwßi d‡j cwiev‡ii wm×všÍ MÖnY Kv‡R
_v‡K| ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡i mvaviYZ ‡kqvi wewµ, FYcÎ wewµ, FY MÖnY gwnjviv Zv‡ì f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i A_©‣bwZK ‡¶‡Î wm×všÍ
cÖf…wZi gva¨‡g g~jab msM„nxZ nq| MÖn‡Y AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i| bvix wk¶vi nvi e„w× K‡i Ges cwiKwíZ
cÖkœ 16| ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii g~jab msMÖ‡ni Dcvq eY©bv Ki | cwievi MV‡b mnvqZv K‡i |
DËi : eëmvq ïiæ Kivi Rb¨ ‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi g~jab msMÖn K‡i| cÖkœ 24| GbwRI F‡Yi Amyweavmg~n Av‡jvPbv Ki |
m‡e©v”P GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY g~jab msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ G Kvievi miKv‡ii DËi : GbwRImg~‡ni ¶y`ªFY cÖK‡íi KwZcq BwZevPK w`K _vK‡jI
wbKU ‡_‡K Aby‡gv`b jvf K‡i G‡K Aby‡gv`b g~jab e‡j| G g~ja‡bi Gi wKQy Amyweav i‡q‡Q| Zv n‡jv-
‡h cwigvY ‡kqvi ‡µZvi wbKU ‡_‡K Av`vq K‡i Zv‡K Av`vqK…Z GbwRI‡ì wbKU ‡_‡K gwnjviv FY ‡bq Ges Zv wcZv ev ¯^vgx‡K w`‡q
g~jab e‡j| ZvB ‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi ‡kqvi wewµ, FYcÎ wewµ, FY ‡`q| KviY gwnjviv evRvi A_©bxwZ‡Z Avm‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j gwnjv‡ì
MÖnY, AewÈZ gybvdv I AvšÍR©vwZK FY MÖnY cÖf…wZi gva¨‡g g~jab ¶gZv Dbœq‡b Lye ‡ewk f~wgKv ivL‡Z cvi‡Q bv|
msM„nxZ nq| GbwRI‡ì cÖ`Ë FY gnvRb F‡Yi mv‡_ Zyjbv Kiv nq| GbwRIi F‡Yi
cÖkœ 17| ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii myweav m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI | UvKv cÖwZ mßv‡n ‡diZ w`‡Z nq, hv A‡b‡Ki Rb¨B KóKi n‡q `vuovq|
DËi : eZ©gvb hy‡M AwaKvsk ‡¶‡ÎB ‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi eëmvq M‡o GbwRIi F‡Yi Kvi‡Y A‡bK mgq cvwievwiK msKU ‡`Lv hvq|
D‡V‡Q| ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii gva¨‡g ‡kqvi‡nvìvi‡ì mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvq cÖkœ 25|msMVb wn‡m‡e GbwRIi f~wgKv m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI|
Ges RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ FYcÎ weµq K‡i cÖPyi g~jab msMÖn Kiv nq| ‡h․_ DËi : msMVb wn‡m‡e GbwRIi f~wgKvmg~n wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-
g~jabx Kvievi GKwU ¯vqx cÖwZôvb| G Kvievi AvBb Øviv cwiPvwjZ I MÖvg¨ iv¯ÍvNvU ms¯‥v‡i Kv‡Ri wewbg‡q A_© I Lv‡`ï ‡hvMvb ‡Ìqv |
MwVZ| ZvB Gi Ici RbM‡Yi c~Y© Av¯v _v‡K| ¶y`ª I KywUi wk‡íi ev nvum-gyiwM, Miæ-QvMj cvj‡b gwnjv‡ì cÖwk¶Y I
cÖkœ 18| ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii Amyweav ms‡¶‡c ‡jL | ¯^í‡gqv‡` ¯^í my‡` FY cÖ`vb Kiv | `xb `wi`ª wkï‡ì wkw¶Z K‡i M‡o

203
‡Zvjvi Rb¨ ¯‥yj cÖwZôv Kiv| ‡`‡ki ‡eKvi wkw¶Z hyeK‡ì 17. msMV‡bi mdjZv wbf©i K‡i-`ÿ msMV‡Ki Ici|
Kg©ms¯v‡bi eë¯v Kiv| 18. GKRb msMV‡Ki g‡a¨ Acwinvh©-mvsMVwbK mÿgZv _v‡K|
cÖkœ 26| eª¨vK m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI|  GKgvwjKvbv Kvievi
DËi : eª¨vK (BRAC) ‡`‡ki me‡P‡q eo ¶y`ª FY`vbKvix ms¯v| eª¨vK 19. "Customer is always right"- GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡i|
wewfbœ Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g FY`vb Kg©m~wP QvovI `vwi`ª we‡gvPb, ¯^v¯¨, wk¶v 20. Single Entry c×wZ‡Z wnmve ivLv hvq-GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡i|
I mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b KvR Ki‡Q| we‡klZ mvgvwRKfv‡e ewÂZ I wewfbœ 21. gvwjKvbv I cwiPvjbvi wfwË‡Z eëmvq cÖwZôvb‡K fvM Kiv hvq- 5
¶y`ª ‡Mvôxi gvbyl ‡hgb- AwZ `wi`ª Pievmx, `y¯ bvix, AemicÖvß I fv‡M|
QvuUvBK…Z miKvwi wkí cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©Pvix‡ì wewfbœ ai‡bi ¶y`ª FY Ges 22. gvwjKvbvi aib, MVb, I Kvh©µ‡gi wfwË‡Z msMVb n‡jv-3 cÖKvi|
cÖwk¶Y cÖ`vb Kiv nq| 23. c„w_exi mKj †`‡kB RbwcÖq eëmvq n‡jv-GKgvwjKvbv msMVb|
cÖkœ 27| Avkv m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki| 24. GKgvwjKvbv eëmvq Dchy³ †ÿÎ n‡jv-‡i÷y‡i›U|
DËi : Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b 1978 mv‡j Avkv cÖwZwôZ nq| 25. GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡ii ¯vwqZ¡ wbf©ikxj-gvwj‡Ki Ici|
1992 mv‡j G ms¯vwU ‡¯úkvjvBRW ¶y`ªFY cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e Kvh©µg ïiæ 26. `ªæZ wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv hvq-GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡i|
K‡i| Avkv eZ©gv‡b me©e„nr AvZ¥wbf©i `ªæZ weKvkhvb ¶y`ª FY`vbKvix 27. GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡ii Amyweav-SzuwKi AvwaK¨|
ms¯v wn‡m‡e we‡k¦ cÖwZôv jvf K‡i‡Q| Avkvi B‡bv‡fwUf ¯^íe¨q I 28. mvgvb¨ g~jab wb‡q ïiæ Kiv hvq-GKgvwjKvbv Kvievi|
‡UKmB ¶y`ª FY Kg©m~wP g‡Wj wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i‡Q| 29. fzj wm×v‡šÍ †`Dwjqv nq-GKgvwjKvbv Kvievi|
cÖkœ 28 | MÖvgxY e¨vsK m¤ú‡K© ‡jL|  Askx`vwi Kvievi
DËi : MÖvgxY e¨vsK 1983 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ nq| MÖvgxY e¨vsK f~wgnxb Ges 30. Askx`vwi Kviev‡i Kgc‡ÿ Askx`vwi _v‡K- 2 fv‡M|
`wi`ª gwnjv‡ì cvuPR‡bi `j MV‡bi gva¨‡g ¶y`ªFY ‡`q| MÖvgxY e¨vsK 31. Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii wfwË- Pzw³|
‡_‡K FY wb‡q `wi`ª gwnjviv wb‡R‡ì Kg©ms¯vb m„wó K‡i Ges FY 32. Askx`vwi eëmv‡qi g~j wfwË- wek¦vm|
cwi‡kv‡ai nvi 97% | eZ©gv‡b MÖvgxY e¨vsK ‡bv‡ej weRqx cÖwZôvb | 33. Kviev‡ii ¯vwqZ¡ AwbwðZ- Askx`vwi Kviev‡i|
cÖkœ 29| ¯^wbf©i evsjv‡`k m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI| 34. Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii - ¯vwqZ¡ Kg|
DËi: ¯^wbf©i evsjv‡`k 1975 mv‡ji ‡m‡Þ¤î gv‡m cÖwZwôZ nq| cÖwZôv 35. Askx`vwi Kviev‡i me©vwaK m`m¨ msL¨v - 20 Rb|
jv‡fi ci G msMVb K…wl I eb gš¿Yvj‡qi mv‡_ mshy³ GKwU ‡mj 36. e¨vswKs Askx`vwi Kviev‡i m‡ev©”P msL¨v - 10 Rb|
wn‡m‡e KvR ïiæ Ki‡jI 1985 mvj ‡_‡K wbewÜZ NGO wn‡m‡e 37. Askx`vwi Kviev‡i `vq- Amxg|
KwZcq mgwš^Z Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g MÖv‡gi Z…Yg~j Rb‡Mvôxi Av_©-mvgvwRK 38. mKj Askx`vwi KZ„©K ¯^vÿwiZ nq- Pzw³cÎ|
Dbœq‡b KvR K‡i hv‡”Q | 39. Askx`vwi‡ì jvf- †jvKmvb eÈ‡bi AbycvZ D‡jøL _v‡K- Pzw³c‡Î|
cÖkœ 30| kw³ dvD‡Ûkb m¤ú‡K© ‡jL |  ‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi
DËi : XvKv, PÆMÖvg, Lyjbv, ivRkvnx, Kywgjøv, e¸ov I Ab¨vb¨ eo kn‡ii 40. ‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi-2 cÖKvi|
ew¯Í‡Z emevmiZ myweavewÂZ gwnjv‡ì FY myweav cÖ`v‡b kw³ dvD‡Ûkb 41. AvBb Øviv m„ó msMVb n‡jv-‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi|
KvR Ki‡Q| ¶y`ªFY ms¯vwUi Kvh©µg| GQvov `wi`ª gwnjv‡ì ¯^v¯¨‡mevmn 42. me©cÖ_g †Kv¤úvwb AvBb cvm nq-weª‡U‡b|
bvbv ai‡bi mgvR Dbœq‡b kw³ dvD‡Ûkb KvR Ki‡Q | 43. evsjv‡`‡k cÖPwjZ †Kv¤úvwb AvBb-1994 mv‡ji|
cÖkœ 31 | wUGgGmGm m¤ú‡K© ‡jL| 44. ‡h․_ g~jabx †Kv¤úvwbi A_©vq‡bi cÖavb Drm-‡kqvi evRvi|
DËi : `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi Av_©mvgvwRK Dbœqb, eëmvq evwYR¨ m¤ú«mviY I 45. ‡h․_ Kviev‡ii g~j myweav n‡jv-my`ÿ eë¯vcbv|
Drcv`b e„w×i gva¨‡g AvZ¥wbf©ikxj wn‡m‡e M‡o Zyj‡Z wUGgGmGm 46. gvwjKvbv n‡Z eë¯vcbv Avjv`v-‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡i|
¶y`ªFY Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Q ‡`‡ki 58wU ‡Rjvi 376wU Dc‡Rjvq 47. RbM‡Yi Av¯v †ewk-‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡i|
ms¯vwU FY`vb Kg©m~wP ev¯Íevqb Ki‡Q| 48. GK mv‡_ AwaK †jv‡Ki Kg©ms¯vb nq-‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡i|
g‡b †i‡Lv Avgvq!!  cvewjK I cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb
 msMV‡bi aviYv 49. cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cwiPvjK _vK‡Z n‡e-2 Rb|
1. D‡`¨v³v‡K Captain of the industry e‡j‡Qb- G gvk©vj| 50. cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi gvwjK-‡kqvi‡nvìviMY|
2. f‚wg, kÖg, g~ja‡bi g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab K‡i-msMVb| 51. RbmvaviY‡K †kqvi µ‡qi AvnŸvb K‡i-cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb|
3. DcKiY¸‡jvi GKÎxKiY I Zvi mgš^q mvabB-msMVb| 52. m`m¨‡ì `vq mxgve× nq-cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb‡Z|
4. eëmv‡qi wfwË n‡jv- msMVb| 53. cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi cÖm‡c±vm †Ìqv nq-RbmvaviY‡K|
5. A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi PvwjKvkw³ ejv nq-msMVb‡K| 54. cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi m‡ev©”P m`m¨-50 Rb|
6. Drcv`‡bi me©‡kl Dcv`vb n‡jv-msMVb|  ivóªxq cÖwZôvb|
7. RxešÍ DcKiY wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq-msMVb‡K| 55. ¯^vqË¡kvmb †fvM K‡i-ivóªvqË cÖwZôvb|
8. Drcv`b Kg©Kv‡Ûi mKj cÖKvi SzuwK enb K‡ib-D‡`¨v³v| 56. ivóªxq cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK n‡jv-miKvi|
9. Drcv`bgyLx Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿YB n‡jv-msMVb| 57. miKvi KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ msMVb n‡jv- ivóªxq cÖwZôvb|
10. msMV‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv-gybvdv AR©b| 58. ivóªxq cÖwZôv‡bi g~j jÿ¨ n‡jv-RbKj¨vY|
 msMVK I msMV‡Ki ¸Yvewj 59. mgvRKj¨vY e„w×‡Z mnvqK-ivóxq cÖwZôvb|
11. AvaywbK wk‡íi AwabvqK-D‡`¨v³v| 60. evsjv‡`k ch©Ub ms¯v-¯^vqË¡kvwmZ cÖwZôvb|
12. D‡`¨v³vi Kg©cÖ‡Póvi g~j D‡Ïk¨ m‡ev©”P-gybvdv Kiv| 61. ivóªxq msMV‡bi AšÍM©Z-evsjv‡`k †ijI‡q|
13. D‡`¨v³vi cÖavb KvR-eëmv‡qi SzuwK enb Kiv Entrepreneur 62. evsjv‡`k wegvb cÖwZôvbwUi gvwjKvbv-miKvwi|
Gi evsjv cÖwZkã-msMVK| 63. wZZvm M¨vm GKwU-ivóªxq cÖwZôvb|
14. Entreprendre kãwU cÖ_g eënvi nq-1723 mv‡j| 64. jvj wdZvi †`․ivZ¥¨ †`Lv hvq-ivóªvqZ¡ eëmvq cÖwZôv‡b|
15. Entrepreneur is Engine of Economic Development  mgevq Kvievi
e‡j‡Qb †KBÝ| 65. ¯^wbf©iZv I ¯^vqË¡kvmb n‡jv-mgev‡qi g~jbxwZ
16. GKRb msMV‡bi †h ¸YwU _vKv Acwinvh© Zv n‡jv-`yi`wk©Zv| 66. mgvb AwaKvi I `vwqZ¡ wb‡q cÖwZwôZ-mgevq cÖwZôvb|
67. ¯^íweËm¤úbœ †jvK‡ì msMVb n‡jv-mgevq|
204
68. mgevq mwgwZi 7wU g~jbxwZ †NvlYv K‡i‡Q-AvšÍR©vwZK mgevq •gÎx| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
69. mgev‡qi gva¨‡g e„w× cvq-Drcv`b I mÂq|  Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii wfwË n‡jv-Pzw³cÎ|
70. mgevq Kviev‡i Aw¯ÍZ¡ _v‡K bv-gaëZx© myweav‡fvMxi|  mw¤§wjZfv‡e eëmv‡qi mKj wm×všÍ MÖnY K‡i-Askx`vwi Kvievi|
71. m¤ú‡ì mylg e›Ub wbwðZ nq-mgev‡qi gva¨‡g|  Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v-2 †_‡K 20 Rb|
72. wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y wej¤^ nq-mgevq Kviev‡i|
 Askx`vwi eëmv‡q bZzb m`m¨ n‡Z cÖ‡qvRb-Py&w³i gva¨‡g|
73. `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvP‡b f‚wgKv iv‡L-mgevq Kvievi|
 mKj Askx`vi KZ©„K ¯^vÿwiZ nq-Pzw³cÎ|
 msMVb wn‡m‡e GbwRIÕi f‚wgKv, GbwRIÕi cÖKvi‡f`-
74. NGO hvÎv ïiæ K‡i-1945 mv‡j| GB Aa¨v‡qi (MCQ) wfwWI
75. NGO Gi c~Y©iƒc-Non Government Organization. K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
76. evsjv‡`‡k NGO welqK ey¨‡iv cÖwZwôZ nq-1990 mv‡j|
77. miKvwi wbqš¿Y †_‡K gy³ I AivR‣bwZK msMVb-GbwRI|
78. ‡¯^”Qv‡mex ms¯v wbeÜxKiY I wbqš¿Y AvBb cÖYxZ nq-1961 mv‡j|
79. GbwRI †iwR‡óªkb Ki‡Z nq -ïiæ nIqvi c~‡e©|
80. GbwRI‡K Z`viwK K‡i-GbwRI ey¨‡iv|
81. Iwi‡q‡›Ukb wn‡m‡e GbwRI-2 cÖKvi|
82. D‡`¨v³v wn‡m‡e GbwRI-2 cÖKvi|
83. AvšÍR©vwZK GbwRI n‡jv-A·dvg|
 evsjv‡`‡k NGO Gi ÿz`ªFY Kvh©µg|
84. cÖwkKv AvbyôvwbK e„nËg cwim‡i KvR ïiæ K‡i-1976 mv‡j| 4| Askx`vwi Kviev‡i Kxfv‡e g~jab msMÖn Kiv nq?
85. cÖwkKvi cy‡iv bvg n‡jv-cÖwkÿY, wkÿv I KvR| K) †h․_fv‡e cyuwR mieivn K‡i
86. evsjv‡`‡ki me©e„nr GbwRI-eª¨vK| L) e¨vsK †_‡K FYcÎ weµq K‡i
87. evsjv‡`‡k wØZxq e„nËg ‡emiKvwi ms¯v n‡jv-cÖwkKv| M) †kqvi I FYcÎ weµq K‡i
88. GbwRI¸‡jvi Kvh©µg g~jZ-MÖvgwfwËK| N) msiwÿZ Znwej m„wó K‡i
89. eª¨v‡Ki Kvh©µg fvM Kiv hvq-Pvifv‡M| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
90. 1992 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ nq-Avkv, kw³ dvD‡Ûkb|  Askx`vwi Kviev‡i mKj Askx`viMY g~jab msMÖn K‡i-‡h․_fv‡e|
91. gvB‡µv‡µwWU †i¸‡jUwi A_wiwU AvBb cvm nq-2006 mv‡j|  Askx`viMY eëmv‡qi Amxg `vwqZ¡MÖnY K‡i-mw¤§wjZfv‡e|
92. cÖwkKvi Kvh©µg cÖ_g ïiæ nq-gvwbKM‡Äi K‡qKwU MÖv‡g|  Askx`viMY jvf-‡jvKmvb e›Ub K‡i-Pzw³ Abyhvqx|
93. ‡Kqvi Kvh©µg Pvwj‡q Avm‡Q-1949 mvj †_‡K|  ‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi g~jab msMÖn K‡i-‡kqvi wewµ K‡i|
94. ‡Kqvi G A_©ms¯v‡bi cÖavb Drm n‡jv-USAID|  ‡kqvi n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i g~jab msMÖn K‡i-‡h․_ g~jab Kvievi|
Abykxjbx cvV-1 5| cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v KZ Rb?
1| Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v KZRb? K) 2-50 L) 2-60 M) 2-70 N) 2-80
K) 2 †_‡K AmsL¨ L) 2 †_‡K 50 M) 2 †_‡K 30N) 2 †_‡K 20 hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  m`m¨ msL¨v 2 R‡bi Kg Ges 50 R‡bi AwaK-cÖvB‡fU †Kv¤úvwb‡Z|
 Askx`vwi Kviev‡i Acwinvh© Ask n‡jv-Pzw³cÎ|
 ‡kqv‡ii gvwjKvbv n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv hvq bv-cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb‡Z|
 Askx`vwi Kviev‡i Kgc‡ÿ Askx`vi _vK‡Z nq-2 Rb|
 cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW Kvievi cwiPvjbv K‡ib-cwiPvjKMY|
 Askx`vwi Kviev‡i mev©waK m`m¨ msL¨v-20 Rb|
 cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW Kviev‡ii g~j myweav-my`ÿ eë¯vcbv|
 Askx`vwi‡Z¡i wfwË‡Z eëmvq cÖwZôvb cwiPvwjZ n‡j Zv‡K e‡j-
 AwaK gvby‡li Kg©ms¯vb nq-cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW Kviev‡i|
Askx`vwi Kvievi|
6| GKwU cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úwvb‡Z KZ Rb m`m¨ _v‡K?
 ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡i cÖvB‡fU †Kv¤úvwbi †ÿ‡Î m`m¨ msL¨v _v‡K- K) 2 †_‡K 20 Rb L) 20 †_‡K 50 Rb
2 †_‡K 50 Rb| M) 2 †_‡K AmsL¨ N) 7 †_‡K AmsL¨
 mKj Askx`vi KZ©„K ¯^vÿwiZ nq-Pzw³cÎ|
 ¯vwqZ¡ Kg _v‡K-Askx`vwi Kviev‡i| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
2| ‡Kvb DcKiYwU Drcv`b Kvh©µg Z`viwK K‡i?  b~b¨Zg 7 Rb †_‡K Awbw`©ó msL¨K †jvK wb‡q MwVZ nq-
K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) msMVb N) g~jab  ‡kqv‡ii gvwjKvbv n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨-cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb‡Z|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  fvwi wk‡íi weKvk N‡U-cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb‡Z|
 eëmv‡qi wfwË n‡jv-msMVb|  ‡kqvi wewµ K‡i UvKv †diZ wb‡Z cv‡i-cvewjK wjwg‡UW
 f‚wg, kÖg, g~ja‡bi g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab K‡i-msMVb| †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi‡nvìviiv|
 Drcv`‡bi me©‡kl Dcv`vb n‡jv-msMVb|
 Drcv`‡bi Avw` Ges †g․wjK DcKiY-f‚wg|
 A_©bxwZ‡Z †hvMvb mxgve×-f~wgi|
 Drcv`‡bi mwµq Dcv`vb n‡jv-kÖg|
 Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb-g~jab|
3| g~jab mieivn bv K‡iI †Kv‡bv e¨w³ Askx`vwi eëmv‡qi m`m¨ 7| NGO Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx?
n‡Z n‡j Kx‡mi cÖ‡qvRb nq? K) Non Government Organization
K) `ÿZvi L) AwfÁZvi L) Non Government Office
M) mybv‡gi N) Askx`vi‡ì m¤§wZi M) Non Group Organization
205
N) Navy Group Organization DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 12 I 13 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! Rbve ÔKÕ Zvi mvZRb eÜz‡K wb‡q GKwU cÖwZôvb M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb|
 NGO hvÎv ïiæ K‡i-1945 mv‡j| cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZ mevi mgvb `vwqZ¡ I AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨‡K
 NGO Gi c~Y©iƒc Non Government Organization. wbw`©ó cwigvY g~jab cÖ`vb K‡i cvi®úwiK mn‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z
cÖwZôvbwU cwiPvjbv K‡i|
 gvwjKvbvi wfwË‡Z GbwRI-3 cÖKvi|
12| Rbve ÔKÕ Gi cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb?
 evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q eo ÿz`ª FY`vbKvix ms¯v- eª¨vK|
K) cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwb L) Askx`vwi Kvievi
 GbwRI‡ì Kg©KvÛ ev¯Íevq‡b mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q-90wU `vZv ms¯v| M) mgevq cÖwZôvb N) cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb
 GbwRI¸‡jvi Z`viwK K‡i-GbwRI ey¨‡iv| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
8| msMV‡bi KvR-  Askx`vwi Kviev‡i mev©waK m`m¨ _v‡K-20 Rb|
i) SzuwK MÖnY ii) g~jab MÖnY iii) AvBb cÖYqb  cÖvB‡fU wj. Kviev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v-2 †_‡K 50 Rb|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 Askx`viMY jvf-‡jvKmvb e›Ub K‡i-Pzw³ Abyhvqx|
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
 KwZcq e¨w³ †m”Qvq mgvb AwaKvi I mgvb `vwqZ¡ wb‡q †h
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zv‡j ZvB-mgevq Kvievi|
 Drcv`b Kg©Kv‡Ûi mKj cÖKvi SzuwK enb K‡i-D‡`¨v³v|
 7 Rb †_‡K AmsL¨ †jvK wb‡q MwVZ nq-cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb|
 Drcv`‡bi me©‡kl Dcv`vb n‡jv-msMVK|
13| Rbve ÔKÕ Gi cªwZôv‡bi Amyweav n‡jv-
 f‚wg, kÖg, g~ja‡bi g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab K‡i-msMVb| i) ¯vwqZ¡ Kg ii) mxwgZ `vwqZ¡ iii) A`ÿ Askx`vi
 msMV‡bi me©cÖ_g KvR n‡jv-jÿ¨ wba©viY Kiv| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 msMV‡bi mKj Kg©cÖ‡Pôvi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨-gybvdv AR©b| K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
9| Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii Amyweav- hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
i) wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y wej¤^ ii) ¯vwqZ¡ Kg  ‡Kv‡bv Askx`vi gviv ‡M‡j eÜ n‡Z cv‡i-Askx`vwi Kvievi|
iii) wek¦vm I Av¯vi Afve  gZwe‡iv‡ai d‡j eëmv eÜ n‡Z cv‡i-Askx`vwi Kviev‡i|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ wek¦v‡mi Afve i‡q‡Q-Askx`vwi‡Z¡|
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
 ¯vwqZ¡ Kg-Askx`vwi Kviev‡i|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 ‡kqvi n¯ÍvšÍ‡i RwUjZv we`¨gvb-Askx`vwi Kviev‡i|
 Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii-¯vwqZ¡ Kg _v‡K|
DÏxcKwU co Ges 14 I 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
 Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii wfwË n‡jv-Pzw³| evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU weL¨vZ e¨vsK| D³ e¨vs‡Ki wbR¯^ g~ja‡bi mv‡_
 Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii cÖwZ RbM‡Yi Av¯v bv _vKvi KviY-AvB‡bi RbMY n‡Z †kqvi wewµi gva¨‡g M„nxZ g~jab hy³ n‡q GKwU kw³kvjx
evaëvaKZvi Afve| Avw_©K wfwËi Dci eZ©gv‡b e¨vsKwU Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q|
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 10 I 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 14| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vsK Kx ai‡bi msMVb?
ivûj, Avwmd I evàx wg‡j GKwU grm¨ Lvgvi ¯vcb K‡i| K) Askx`vwi Kvievi L) GKK gvwjKvbv
cvi®úwiK Av¯v I wek¦v‡mi wfwË‡Z Pzw³e× n‡q Zviv LvgviwU M‡o M) cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb N) cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb
Zz‡j‡Q| Zviv wb‡R‡ì g~ja‡bi Abycv‡Z jvf-ÿwZ fvM K‡i †bq| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
10| ivûj, Avwmd I evàx †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb M‡o Zz‡j‡Q?  cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi gvwjK n‡jv-‡kqvi †nvìviMY|
K) cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb L) cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb
 cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwbi cÖm‡c±vm †Ìqv nq-RbMY‡K|
M) Askx`vwi Kvievi N) mgevq Kvievi
 Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii g~j wfwË n‡jv-Pzw³|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v -2 †_‡K 50 Rb|  me‡P‡q cÖvPxbZg eëmvq msMVb-GK gvwjKvbv- Kvievi|
 mKj Askx`vi KZ©„K ¯^vÿwiZ `wjj‡K e‡j-Pzw³cÎ|  `ªyZ wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv hvq-GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡i|
 cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v-2 †_‡K 50 Rb|  cÖvB‡fU wj. †Kv¤úvwbi m‡ev©”P m`m¨ msL¨v-50 Rb|
15| Giƒc msMV‡bi †ÿ‡Î-
 b~b¨Zg 7 Rb †_‡K Awbw`©ó msL¨K †jvK wb‡q MwVZ nq cvewjK
wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb| i) eëmv‡qi Z_¨ †Mvcb _v‡K
ii) RbM‡Yi c~Y© Av¯v _v‡K
 MYZvwš¿K bxwZ AbymiY Kiv nq-mgevq msMVb|
iii) MYZvwš¿K cwiPvjbv
 kÖwgK gvwjK my-m¤úK© we`¨gvb-mgevq msMV‡b|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
11| Giƒc Kviev‡ii Amyweav n‡jv-
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
i) wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y wej¤^ ii) ¯vwqZ¡ Kg iii) n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨
 ‡kqvi‡nvìvi‡ì `vq mxgve× _v‡K-cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb‡Z|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii  Askx`vi‡ì g‡a¨ SzuwK Kg-cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb‡Z|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  RbM‡Yi c~Y© Av¯v _v‡K-‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡i|
 Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii cÖavb •ewkó¨-¯vwqZ¡ Kg|  cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi-n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨|
 ‡kqvi n¯ÍvšÍ‡i Askx`vi‡ì m¤§wZ wb‡Z nq-Askx`vwi‡Z¡|  cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úwbi ¯vwqZ¡-AwaK|
 Askx`vwi Kviev‡i wek¦v‡mi Afve-ci®ú‡ii g‡a¨| 16| Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii me©wb¤œ m`m¨ msL¨v KZ?
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
 Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii cÖavb Amyweav n‡jv-Amxg `vwq‡Z¡|
17| evsjv`‡‡ki me©e„nr GbwRI †KvbwU?
 ‡Kv‡bv m`m¨ gviv †`‡k Kvievi eÜ n‡Z cv‡i Askx`vwi eëmvq| K) Avkv L) cÖwkKv M) WvK w`‡q hvB N) eª¨vK
206
18| wKQz Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ f‚wg, kÖg I g~ja‡bi g‡a¨ mgš^q mva‡bi K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
KvR‡K wK ejv nq? 36| dv‡g© Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î msMVK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡ib-
K) msMVb L) D‡`¨v³v M) msMVK N) eë¯vcK i) Drcv`‡bi Avek¨Kxq DcKiY
19| Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`vb¸‡jvi myôz mgš^‡qi KvR‡K ejv nq- ii) Drcv`b cwiKíbvKvix
K) msMVb L) f‚wg M) g~jab N) kÖg iii) DcKiY msMÖnKvix
20| ‡K e‡j‡Qb D‡`¨v³v Kviev‡ii KZ©v? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) Aa¨vcK gvk©vj L) Aa¨vcK nvwb K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) Aa¨vcK wgjIqvW© N) Aa¨vcK wç 37| ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii g~jab msMÖ‡ni Dcvq-
21| GKwU cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb‡Z KZRb m`m¨ _v‡K? i) †kqvi wewµ ii) FYcÎ wewµ iii) FY MÖnY
K) 2 †_‡K 20 L) 2 †_‡K 50 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) 2 †_‡K AmsL¨ N) 7 †_‡K AmsL¨ K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
22| ‡Kvb Kviev‡ii mswÿß bvg Ô‡Kv¤úvwb? 38| GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡ii •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
K) Askx`vwi Kvievi L) †h․_ g~jabx Kvievi
i) AwaK g~jab ii) `ªæZ wm×všÍ MªnY
M) GKK gvwjKvbv Kvievi N) eû gvwjKvbv Kvievi
iii) gvwjK kÖwgK mym¤úK©
23| mK‡ji mgvb AwaKvi, `vwqZ¡ I Askx`vwi‡Z¡i cÖ‡qvRb nq †Kvb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ai‡bi msMV‡b?
K) Askx`vwi Kvievi L) †h․_ g~jabx †Kv¤úvwb K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) ¯^vqË¡kvwmZ cÖwZôvb N) mgevq Kvievi 39| GK gvwjKvbv Kvievi mvaviYZ-
24| NGO Gi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK? i) ¯vqx ii) ÿz`ª iii) ¯^í g~ja‡bi
K) FY cÖvwßi Rb¨ RvgvbZ cÖ‡qvRb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
L) F‡Yi AcÖKwíZ eënv‡i msKU ev‡o K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) gwnjviv ¯^vej¤^x nIqvq eo cwievi MV‡b DrmvwnZ nq 40| cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi †ÿ‡Î cª‡hvR¨-
N) cÖ`Ë FY me©`v Drcv`bkxj Kv‡R eënvi nq i) †kqvi n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡i
25| msMV‡bi g~j jÿ¨ Kx? ii) me©wb¤œ m`m¨ 2 Rb
K) gybvdv AR©b Kiv L) g~jab MVb Kiv iii) GwU GKwU †h․_ g~jabx Kvievi
M) bxwZgvjv •Zix Kiv N) Pvwn`v evov‡bv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
26| msMVK‡K ÔwkíwabvqKÕ †K e‡j‡Qb? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) A¨vWvg w¯§_ L) gvk©vj M) ‡RGmwgj N) iweÝ 41| D‡`¨v³vi Kvhv©ewj n‡jv-
27| Askx`vwi Kviev‡i mev©waK KZRb m`m¨ n‡Z cv‡i? i) Drcv`‡bi cwiKíbv I bxwZ MÖnY
K) 15 L) 20 M) 25 N) 30 ii) Dcv`vb msMÖn I mgš^q mvab
28| mvaviY RbM‡Yi wbKU †kqvi wewµ K‡i g~jab msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i iii) SzuwK enb I Avq e›Ub
†Kvb cªwZôvb? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb L) cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) Askx`vwi eëmvq cÖwZôvb N) mgevq eëmvq cÖwZôvb wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 42 I 43 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
29| ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii cÖK…Z gvwjK †K? ‡gvnbcyi MÖv‡gi `wi`ª K…l‡Kiv ÔG‡mv KwiÕ msMV‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡ì
K) †kqvi we‡µZviv L) wkícwZiv M) `vwqZ¡kxjZv N) gnvRb Rwg GK‡Î Pvlvev` ïiæ K‡i| cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZvB G msMV‡bi
30| mgevq cÖwZôv‡bi cÖavb ‣ewkó¨- wfwË| GLv‡b gvwjK I kÖwg‡Ki g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ †bB|
K) mv‡gï bxwZ L) MYZvwš¿K cwiPvjbv 42| DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi msMV‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?
M) `vwqZ¡kxjZv N) A_©‣bwZK DbœwZ K) GKgvwjKvbv L) mgevq M) Askx`vwi N) †h․_ g~jabx
31| miKv‡ii bxwZ-Av`‡k©i cÖwZdjb N‡U Z‡e ¯^vaxb KZ©„cÿ KZ©„K 43| G ai‡bi msMV‡bi †ÿ‡Î-
cwiPvwjZ nq †Kvb cÖwZôvb? i) Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AvMÖn _v‡K
K) miKvwi L) ¯^vqËkvwmZ M) Askx`vwi N) †h․_ g~jabx ii) `vjvj, dwoqv‡ì †`․iv‡Z¥ï Aemvb N‡U
32| wb‡Pi †KvbwU NGO †g․wjK Kvh©µ‡gi AvIZvfz³? iii) chv©ß g~ja‡bi †hvMvb †Ìqv hvq
K) K‚U‣bwZK m¤úK© ‡Rvi`viKiY L) ciivóªbxwZ cÖYqb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) gybvdv‡Kw›`ªK Kvievi cÖwZôv N) cwi‡ek msiÿY I Dbœqb K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
33| ‡h †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v me©wb¤œ mvZRb Ges m‡ev©”P Gi †kqvi DÏxcKwU co Ges 44 I 45 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
msL¨v Øviv mxgve× Zv‡K wK e‡j? wKQz eÜz GK‡Î 1wU msMVb •Zix K‡i‡Qb hvi m`m¨ msL¨v 400
K) cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb L) cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb Rb| cÖ‡Z¨‡K gvwmK 150 UvKv Pvu`v †`q| eZ©gvb g~jab 4 †KvwU
M) Askx`vwi Kvievi N) GK gvwjKvbv Kvievi UvKv hv gvQ Drcv`‡b eëüZ nq| cÖwZ eQi wn‡m‡e K‡i cÖ‡Z¨K
34| GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡ii myweav n‡jv- m`m¨‡K gybvdv e›Ub K‡i †`b|
i) AwaK g~jab ii) `ªæZ wm×všÍ MÖnY
ii) gvwjK kÖwg‡Ki mym¤úK©
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 44| eÜziv †h msMVb ‣Zix K‡i‡Qb Zv †Kvb ai‡bi?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) Askx`vwi L) †h․_ g~jabx
35| GKK Kviev‡ii •ewkó¨- M) mgevq N) cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb
i) mn‡R MVb‡hvM¨ ii) mxgvnxb `vwqZ¡ iii) †kqvi n¯ÍvšÍi 45| g~jab mieivn bv K‡iI †Kv‡bv e¨w³ Askx`vwi eëmv‡q m`m¨
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? n‡Z n‡j Kx‡mi cÖ‡qvRb?
207
i) `ÿZv ii) mybvg iii) Askx`vi‡ì m¤§wZ ii) Kxfv‡e `ªe¨ Drcvw`Z n‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii) Kxfv‡e `ªe¨ e›Ub Kiv n‡e
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 46 I 47 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
ÔKÕ I ÔLÕ `ywU eëmv cÖwZôvb| ÔKÕ cÖwZôvbwUi cvi¯úwiK wek¦v‡mi 62| D‡`¨v³vi KvR n‡jv-
Ici cÖwZwôZ Ges ÔLÕ cÖwZôvbwU evRv‡i †kqvi n¯Ív¯Í‡ii gva¨‡g i) cwiKíbv cÖYqb ii) g~jab msMÖn iii) DcKiY mgš^q mvab
g~jab msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
46| ÔKÕ †Kvb ai‡bi eëmv cÖwZôvb? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb L) Askx`vwi Kvievi 63| RMjy GKRb KvVwgw¯¿| wZwb evRvi †_‡K KvV wK‡b Zv w`‡q wb‡R
M) GKgvwjKvbv Kvievi N) cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb I Zvi †Q‡j wg‡j †Pqvi, †Uwej ‣Zix K‡ib| RMjy wgw¯¿‡K GKRb
47| ÔKÕ I ÔLÕ eëmv cÖwZôv‡bi cv_©K¨ h_vµ‡g- fv‡jv msMVK ejv hvq KviY wZwb-
i) b~b¨Zg m`m¨ 02 I 07 Rb ii) chv©ß I Achv©ß g~jab i) Drcv`‡bi DcKiY msMÖn K‡ib
iii) ¯vwqZ¡ Kg I †ewk ii) f‚wg, kÖg I g~ja‡bi mgš^q mvab K‡ib
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii) Drcvw`Z cY¨ evRviRvZKiY
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 48 I 49 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
`xN© cÖevmRxeb KvwU‡q gvmyK wgqv †`‡k G‡m GKwU †cvwëª Lvgvi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 64 I 65 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
M‡o †Zv‡j| G‡Z MÖv‡gi wKQz †eKvi hye‡Ki Kg©ms¯vb nq| Aí Rbve ev`kv wgqv GKwU w¯úwbs wgj ¯vcb K‡i A‡bK bvix-cyiæl
w`‡bi g‡a¨ gyiwMi ev”Pv Ges wWg wewµ K‡i gvmyK wgqv cÖPzi UvKv wb‡qvM w`‡jb| Zvi wk‡íi Drcvw`Z cY¨ we‡`‡k ißvwb K‡i wZwb
DcvR©b K‡i| A‡bK gybvdv AR©b Ki‡jb|
48| A_©bxwZi fvlvq gvmyK wgqv‡K wK ejv nq? 64| Drcv`b cÖwµqvq ev`kv wgqvi f‚wgKv Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
K) eëmvqx L) D‡`¨v³v M) kÖwgK N) we‡µZv K) msMVK L) kÖwgK M) eë¯vcK N) wnmveiÿK
49| gvmyK wgqvi KvR n‡jv- 65| ev`kv wgqvi g‡Zv D‡`¨v³v‡ì eëmv‡q ¯^wbf©i n‡Z n‡j-
i) SzuwK enb ii) gybvdv AR©b ii) KvuPvgv‡ji †hvMvb †`qv i) cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii) SzuwK MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii iii) Avq e›Ub Ki‡Z n‡e
50| D‡`¨v³v‡K Captain of the industry e‡j‡Qb †K? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) cj.G. m¨vgy‡qjmb L) nvigvb †nbwiL K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) Gj.iwebmb N) G.gvk©vj DÏxcKwU co Ges 66 I 67 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
51| f‚wg, kÖg I g~ja‡bi g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab K‡i †K? wg. x Zvi wbR¯^ RvqMvq GKwU †cvjwUª Lvgvi M‡o †Zv‡jb| G‡Z
K) msMVb L) kÖwgK M) gvwjK N) wewb‡qvMKvix gyiwMi ev”Pv I wWg wewµ K‡i wZwb cÖPzi UvKv AR©b K‡ib|
52| A_©bxwZ‡Z msMV‡bi A_© Kx? cvkvcvwk wKQz †eKvi hye‡Ki Kg©ms¯v‡biI my‡hvM nq|
K) Drcv`b e„w×KiY 66| wg. Ôx' †K ejv nq-
L) cY¨ evRviRvZKiY K) D‡`¨v³v L) eëmvqx M) kÖwgK N) we‡µZv
M) DcKiY¸‡jvi GKÎxKiY I Zvi mgš^q mvab
67| wg. x Gi KvR n‡jv-
N) my`ÿ kÖwgK wb‡qvM
i) gybvdv AR©b ii) SzuwK enb iii) RbKj¨vY
53| wb‡Pi †KvbwU eëmv‡qi wfwË?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) Drcv`bKvix L) msMVb M) wb‡qvMKvix N) kÖwgK
54| ‡KvbwU‡K A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi BwÄb ev PvwjKvkw³ ejv nq? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) gybvdvKv‡K L) kÖwgK‡K M) msMVb‡K N) evRvi‡K 68| AvaywbK wk‡íi AwabvqK ‡K?
55| ÔKg© I Kgx©i g‡a¨ mvgÄm¨c~Y© cvi®úwiK m¤úK©‡K msMVb e‡jÕ- K) D‡`¨v³v L) f‚wg N) kÖwgK N) g~jab
‡Kvb A_©bxwZwe` e‡j‡Qb? 69| D‡`¨v³vi Kg©cÖ‡Póvi g~j D‡Ï‡k¨ Kx?
K) wgjIqvW© L) gvk©vj M) ûBjvi N) iweÝ K) m‡ev©”P Drcv`b L) m‡ev©”P gybvdv
56| Drcv`‡bi me©‡kl Dcv`vb †KvbwU? M) me©wb¤œ e¨q N) m‡ev©”P weµq
K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) msMVb

57| eëmvwqK D‡Ïk¨ Drcv`bgyLx Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y Kiv‡K 70| D‡`¨v³vi cÖavb KvR Kx?
Kx e‡j? K) bZzb `ªe¨ evRv‡i cÖPjb Kiv
K) kÖg L) wewb‡qvM M) Drcv`b N) msMVb L) Drcv`‡bi cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv
58| ‡KvbwU &Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY- M) evRvi AbymÜvb Kiv
K) f‚wg L) wewb‡qvM M) Drcv`b N) msMVb N) eëmv‡qi SzuwK enb K‡i
59| Drcv`b Kg©Kv‡Ûi mKj SzuwK †K enb K‡ib? 71| Entrepreneur Gi evsjv cÖwZkã †KvbwU?
K) kÖwgK L) D‡`¨v³v M) wewb‡qvMKvix N) Drcv`bKvix K) msMVK L) msMVb M) eë¯vcK N) gnveë¯vcK
60| msMV‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨ Kx? 72| ‡Kvb mv‡j divwm fvlvq cÖKvwkZ Awfav‡b me©cÖ_g
K) gybvdv AR©b L) RbKj¨vY M) Drcv`b Kiv N) cwiPvjbv Kiv Entreprendre kãwU eëüZ nq?
61| msMVK wba©viY K‡i _v‡K- K) 1723 L) 1823 M) 1894 N) 1898
i) Kx cwigvY `ªe¨ Drcvw`Z n‡e
208
73| ‡Kvb A_©bxwZwe` e‡j‡Qb Entrepreneur is Engine of 86| DwjøwLZ KvR¸‡jv eë¯vc‡Ki Kx ai‡bi KvR?
Economic Development? K) bxwZ wba©viY L) ZË¡veavb M) e›Ub N) SuywK MÖnY
K) GWvg w¯§_ L) wiKv‡W©v M) †KBÝ N) gvk©vj 87| Aby‡”Q‡ì Av‡jv‡K wg‡mm RvbœvZ‡K ejv hvq-
74| ‡KvbwU msMV‡Ki KvR bq? i) msMVK ii) D‡`¨v³v iii) eë¯vcK
K) DcKiY msMÖn L) cwiKíbv cÖYqb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) `ª‡eï evRviRvZKiY N) my‡ì nvi wba©viY K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
75| GKRb msMVK †Kvb ¸‡Yi gva¨‡g eZ©gvb‡K fwel¨‡Z cwiMYbv K‡ib? 88| ‡Kvb Kviev‡i "Customer is always right" bxwZ‡Z `ªe¨
K) K‡g© `„pZv L) ¯^vaxb‡PZv Drcv`b Kiv nq?
M) `~i`wk©Zv N) mvsMVwbKZv mÿgZv K) mgevq L) ivóªxq M) Askx`vwi N) GKgvwjKvbv
76| GKRb msMVK Drcv`‡bi KqwU DcKi‡Yi g‡a¨ mgš^qmvab K‡i 89| ‡Kvb Kviev‡ii wnmve ÔSingle Entry' c×wZ‡Z ivLv nq?
_v‡Kb? K) GKgvwjKvbv L) Askx`vwi M) mgevq N) †h․_g~jabx
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5 90| gvwjKvbv I cwiPvjbvi wfwË‡Z eëmvq cÖwZôvb‡K Kq fv‡M fvM
77| msMV‡bi mdjZv Kvi Ici wbf©i K‡i? Kiv hvq?
K) wewb‡qvMKvix L) Drcv`bKvix M) kÖwg‡Ki N) `ÿ msMV‡bi K) 3 fv‡M L) 4 fv‡M M) 5 fv‡M N) 6 fv‡M
78| GKRb msMV‡bi †Kvb ¸YvewjwU _vKv Acwinvh©? 91| e¨w³ gvwjKvbvi aiY, MVb c×wZ I Kvh©µ‡gi wfwË‡Z msMVb KZ
K) K‡g© `„pZv L) ¯^vaxb‡PZv cÖKvi?
M) `~i`wk©Zv N) mvsMVwbKZv mÿgZv K) 2cªKvi L) 3 cÖKvi M) 4 cÖKvi N) 5 cÖKvi
79| Dcw¯wZ I m¤¢ve¨ cwiw¯wZ wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ GKRb msMV‡bi †Kvb 92| c„w_exi mKj †`‡kB †Kvb ai‡bi eëmvq msMV‡bi msL¨v
¸YwU _vKv ìKvi? mev©waK?
K) eyw×gËv L) Zxeª AvKv¼v M) K‡g© `„pZv N) ¯^vaxb‡PZv K) mgevq L) GKgvwjKvbv M) Askx`vwi N) †h․_g~jabx
80| D‡`¨v³vi †hvM¨Zv I ¸Yvewji Ici wbf©i K‡i- 93| Avjxcyi evRv‡ii cyuwR w`‡q gvjcÎ µq K‡i †ePv-†Kbv cwiPvjbv
i) eëmv‡qi mdjZv ii) eëmv‡qi wedjZv K‡i| UzUzj wgqvi KvieviwU †Kvb eëmv‡qi g‡a¨ c‡o?
iii) eëmv‡qi ¯^vaxbZv K) GKgvwjKvbv L) Askx`vwi M) †h․_ g~jabx N) mgevq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 94| ‡KvbwU GKgvwjKvbv eëmv‡qi Dchy³ †ÿÎ?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) †i÷z‡i›U L) wkÿvcÖwZôvb
81| GKRb mdj I AvZ¥wek¦vmx D‡`¨v³vi _vKv cÖ‡qvRb- M) Kqjv D‡Ëvjb N) B¯úvZ •Zwi
i) mvsMVwbKZv ÿgZv ii) SzuwK MÖn‡Yi gvbwmKZv iii) eyw×gËv 95| ‡dwiIqvjv I åvg¨gvb †`vKvb †Kvb eëmv‡q AšÍfz©³ nIqv evÃbxq?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) GKgvwjKvbv eëmvq L) Askx`vwi eëmvq
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii M) †h․_ g~jabx eëmvq N) mgevq eëmvq
82| GKRb D‡`¨v³v `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi mgq jÿ iv‡Lb- 96| GKgvwjKvbv eëmv‡qi ¯vwqZ¡ Kvi Ici wbf©ikxj?
i) Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï Dc‡hvwMZv K) miKv‡ii L) gvwj‡Ki M) †bZvi N) AvB‡bi
ii) †fv³vi iæwP I cQ›` 97| ‡Kvb Kviev‡ii `ªæZ wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv hvq?
iii) Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï ¸Yv¸Y K) GKgvwjKvbv L) Askx`vwi M) †h․_ g~jabx N) mgevq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 98| wbR¯^ eë¯vcbv †Kvb eëmvq msMV‡bi •ewkó¨?
K) GKgvwjKvbv L) Askx`vwi M) †h․_ g~jabx N) mgevq
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
99| GKgvwjKvbv eëmv‡qi cÖavb •ewkó¨ †KvbwU?
83| ivqnvb GKRb wkí D‡`¨v³v ev msMVK| G‡ÿ‡Î msMVK wn‡m‡e wZwb-
K) mn‡R ¯vcb‡hvM¨ L) GKK gvwjKvbv
i) bxwZ wba©viY Ki‡eb
M) ¯^í cyuwRi eëmvq N) GKK gybvdv †fvM
ii) Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vb¸‡jv GKwÎZ Ki‡eb
100| GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡ii Amyweav †KvbwU?
iii) SzuwK MÖnY Ki‡eb K) AMYZvwš¿K L) `ybxwZ© I ¯^RbcÖxwZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M) SzuwKi AvwaK¨ N) msMVb RwUjZv
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 101| ‡Kvb Kvievi mvgvb¨ g~jab wb‡q ïiæ Kiv hvq?
DÏxcKwU co Ges 84 I 85 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) GKgvwjKvbv L) Askx`vwi M) mgevq N) †h․_g~jabx
Rwjj GKRb eëmvqx| †`‡ki wewfbœ ¯v‡b Zvi K‡qKwU Kvc‡oi 102|‡Kvb Kviev‡i fyj wm×všÍ n‡j Kvievwi †`Dwjqv n‡q hvq?
†`vKvb Av‡Q| cÖwZwU †`vKv‡bi Rb¨ wZwb Avjv`v †jvK wb‡qvM K) GKgvwjKvbv L) mgevq M) miKvwi N) †h․_g~jabx
K‡ib| Zvi eëmv‡qi mybvg w`b w`b †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| 103| wewfbœ cÖKvi eëmvq msMVb M‡o I‡V-
i) gvwjKvbvMZ Kvi‡Y ii) •ewkó¨MZ Kvi‡Y
84| A_©bxwZi cwifvlvq Rwjj GKRb-
iii) AvqZbMZ Kvi‡Y
K) eëmvqx L) †`vKvb`vi M) msMVK N) †`vKv‡bi gvwjK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
85| msMVK-
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
i) A¯vqx cÖwZôvb ii) ¯vqx cÖwZôvb
iii) msMVb I msMVK DfqB ¯vqx cÖwZôvb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 104| GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡i g~jab msMÖn Kiv hvq-
DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 86 I 87 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: i) wbR¯^ Znwej †_‡K ii) e¨vsK FY wb‡q iii) †kqvi wewµ K‡i
wg‡mm RvbœvZ PÆMÖv‡gi GKwU Mv‡g©›Um d¨v±wii e¨ve¯vcK| wZwb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
d¨v±wii LvRbv, Kg©Pvix‡ì gRywi I KvuPvgv‡ji `vg cÖ`vb K‡ib|
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
209
105| GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡ii •ewkó¨ n‡jv- 122| Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii Amyweav n‡jv-
i) †MvcbxqZv ii) Amxg `vq iii) GKK SzuwK i) `~bx©wZi Avk¼v ii) SMov weev` iii) cwiPvjbvi mgm¨v
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 106 I 107bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: DÏxcKwU co Ges 123 I 124 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wg. Agj GKRb ÿz`ª eëmvqx| wZwb wb‡RB Zvi eëmv cwiPvjbv X I Y `ywU c„_K ai‡bi Kvievi| X Gi D‡`¨v³viv HK¨ I
K‡ib Ges cÖwZ gv‡m wKQz UvKv e¨vs‡K Rgv iv‡Lb| eëmvi mw¤§wjZfv‡e eëmv‡qi Amxg `vqfvi enb Ki‡jI Y Kviev‡ii
cÖ‡qvR‡b wZwb GB UvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡ib| weMZ 10 eQ‡i Zvi eQ‡i gvwjKiv gvwjKvbvi Abycv‡Z jvf-‡jvKmv‡bi Askx`vi nq|
Zvi eëmvq A‡bK DbœwZ n‡q‡Q| 123| X †Kvb ai‡bi Kvievi?
106| wg. Ag‡ji Kvievi †Kvb ai‡bi? K) mgevq L) ¯^vqZ¡kvwmZ M) GKgvwjKvbv N)
K) GKK gvwjKvbvaxb L) Askx`vwi Askx`vwi
M) mgevq N) †h․_ g~jabx 124| Y Kviev‡ii •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
107| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wg. Ag‡ji g~jab e„w×i KviY Kx? i) Kviev‡ii Ici †jv‡Ki c~Y© Av¯v _v‡K
i) mÂ‡qi mvg_©¨ ii) mÂ‡qi B”Qv iii) AwZwi³ †fvM e¨q ii) Kviev‡ii SzwK eûmsL¨K Askx`vi enb K‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii) FY`vZv †h‡Kv‡bv Askx`v‡ii KvQ †_‡K F‡Yi mg¯ÍUvB Av`vq
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii Ki‡Z cv‡i|
108| 2 Rb †_‡K 20 m`m¨ _v‡K †Kvb Kviev‡i? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) mgevq L) Askx`vwi M) miKvwi N) †h․_Kviev‡i K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
109| Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii `vq †Kgb? DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 125 I 126 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) mxwgZ L) Amxg M) Lye Kg N) Pzw³ Abyhvqx iwng I Kwig `yB eÜz wg‡j eëmvq K‡i| 1 eQi ci Zviv Zv‡ì
110| wb‡Pi †KvbwU Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii wfwË? Avi GK eÜz ReŸvi‡K Zv‡ì eëmvi cvU©bvi wn‡m‡e wbj|
K) Pzw³ L) g~jab M) `ÿZv N) mybvg 125| iwng, Kwig I ReŸvi †h Kvievi K‡i Zv‡K wK e‡j?
111| Askx`vwi eëmv‡qi g~j wfwË Kx? K) GKgvwjKvbv Kvievi L) †h․_ gvwjKvbv Kvievi
K)Pzw³ L) wek¦vm M) `ÿZv N)g~jab M) mgevqx Kvievi N) Askx`vwi Kvievi
112| ‡Kvb Kviev‡ii ¯vwqZ¡ AwbwðZ? 126| iwng, Kwig I ReŸvi Gi eëmvq myweav n‡jv-
K) GKK gvwjKvbv Kvievi L) Askx`vwi Kvievi i) †kqvi †nvìvi ii) SzuwK e›Ub iii) K‡ii myweav
M) †h․_ g~jabx Kvievi N) mgevq Kvievi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
113| ‡Kvb Kviev‡ii ¯vwqZ¡ Kg?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) miKvwi L) Askx`vwi M) †h․_ N) Askx`vwi 127| ‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi KZ cÖKvi?
114| e¨vswKs Askx`vwi Kviev‡i m‡e©v”P KZRb Askx`vwi _vK‡Z cv‡i? K) 2 cÖKvi L) 3 cÖKvi M) 4 cÖKvi L) 5 cÖKvi
K) 10 Rb L) 15 Rb M) 20 Rb N) 25 Rb
128| AvBb Øviv m„ó msMVb ‡KvbwU?
115| wg. wgRvb I wg. kvwnb 1,00,000 UvKv g~jab wb‡q GKwU gyw` K) Askx`vwi eëmvq L) †h․_ g~jabx Kvievi
†`vKvb ¯vcb K‡ib| KvieviwU †Kvb ai‡bi? M) mgevq msMVb N) GKgvwjKvbv
K) cvewjK wj. L) Askx`vwi M) mgevq N) †h․_g~jabx 129| me©cÖ_g †Kv¤úvwb AvBb †Kv_vq cvm nq?
116| mKj Askx`vwi KZ…©K ¯^vÿwiZ `wjj‡K Kx Kiv nq? K) weª‡U‡b L) d«v‡Ý M) fvi‡Z N) hy³iv‡óª
K) msNwewa L) `wjj M) Pzw³cÎ N) msN ¯§viK
130| evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb mv‡ji †Kv¤úvwb AvBb cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q?
117| Askx`vwi Kviev‡i Pzw³‡Z eëmv‡qi jvf- †jvKmvb eÈ‡bi K) 1913 mv‡ji L) 1932 mv‡ji
AbycvZ D‡jøL bv _vK‡j gybvdv eÈb nq Kxfv‡e? N) 1994 mv‡ji N) 2001 mv‡ji
K) mgvbfv‡e L) gZvg‡Zi wfwË‡Z 131| ‡h․_ g~jabx †Kv¤úvwbi A_©vq‡bi cÖavb Drm †KvbwU?
M) AMÖvwaKvi wfwË‡Z N) g~jab wewb‡qvM Abycv‡Z
K) wewb‡qvM †evW© L) mÂ‡qi gva¨‡g
118| Askx`vi‡ì jvf- †jvKmvb eÈ‡bi AbycvZ D‡jøL _v‡K †Kv_vq?
M) wek¦ e¨vsK N) †kqvi evRvi
K) weeiYcÎ L) ¯§viKwjwc‡Z M) Pzw³c‡Î N) msNwewa‡Z
132| K…wÎg I ¯^vaxb mËvi AwaKvix eëmvq cÖwZôvb †KvbwU?
119| Askx`vwi eëmvq MV‡bi R‡b¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU Acwinvh©?
K) Askx`vwi L) GKgvwjKvbv M) mgevq N) †h․_g~jabx
K) f‚wg L) Pzw³cÎ M) msMVb N) AvBbMZ mËv 133|‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡i mieivnK…Z g~jab‡K Kx ejv nq?
120| Askx`vwi eëmv‡qi Avwef©ve NUvq KviY- K) cyuwR L) wewb‡qvM M) mÂq N) ‡kqvi g~jab
i) g~ja‡bi †hvMvb 134| gvwjKvbv n‡Z eë¯vcbv Avjv`v †Kvb eëmv‡qi?
ii) e¨w³MZ mvg‡_©ï mxgve×Zvi Aemvb K) GKgvwjKvbv L) Askx`vwi M) †h․_ g~jabx N) mgevq
iii) e„n`vqZb eëmv‡qi my‡hvM- myweav †fvM 135| ‡h․_ Kviev‡ii cÖavb myweav †KvbwU?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) mnR MVb c×wZ L) †h․_ wm×všÍ
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii M) mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póv N) my`ÿ eë¯vcbv

121| Askx`vi n‡Z n‡j cÖ‡qvRb- 136| Kviv †h․_ g~jabx †Kv¤úvwb cwiPvjbv K‡i?
i) mKj Askx`vi‡K A_© meiivn Ki‡Z n‡e K) miKvi L) Askx`viMY M) cwiPvjKMY N) cvIbv`viMY
ii) g~jab mieivn QvovI Askx`vi nIqv hv‡e 137| ‡Kvb ai‡bi Kvievi †kqvi weµ‡qi gva¨‡g g~jab msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i?
iii) cÖvßeq¯‥ I my¯ e¨w³ K) GKgvwjKvbv L) Askx`vwi M) †h․_g~jabx N) mgevq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 138| ‡Kv¤úvwb wbR bv‡g A‡bï weiæ‡× Av`vj‡Z gvgjv Ki‡Z cv‡i Kxfv‡e?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) g~jab †ewk n‡j L) m`m¨ †ewk n‡j
210
M) AvBbMZ Aw¯Í‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y N) gZvgZ cÖKv‡k Sv‡gjv n‡j M) †`‡k wewb‡qvM evov‡bv
139| ‡Kvb eëmv‡qi Ici RbM‡Yi Av¯v †ewk? N) †`‡k mÂ‡qi cwigvY evov‡bv
K) GKgvwjKvbv L) Askx`vwi M) †h․_ g~jabx N) mgevq 152| cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb m¤ú‡K© h‡_vchy³ Dw³ n‡jv-
140| ‡Kvb eëmvq cÖwZôv‡b GKmv‡_ AwaK †jv‡Ki Kg©ms¯vb nq? i) wbewÜZ nIqvi ci Gi Kvhv©i¤¢ Kivi †Kv‡bv evav _v‡K bv
K) Askx`vwi L) †h․_ g~jabx M) ivóªxq N) mgevq ii) me©wb¤œ m`m¨ msL¨v 7 Rb Ges m‡ev©”P m`m¨ msL¨v †Kv¤úvwbi
141| ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii •ewkó¨ n‡jv- †kqvi Øviv mxgve×
i) mxgve× `vq iii) †kqvi I wW‡eÂvi µ‡qi Rb¨ Rbmvavi‡Yi cÖ‡m‡c±vm cÖPvi
ii) AvB‡bi Øviv m„ó I wPišÍb Aw¯ÍZ¡ Ki‡Z nq
iii) eë¯vcbvi c„_KxKiY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU co Ges 153 I 154 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
142|‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi n‡jv- Avwei I Avwid †h․_fv‡e mgg~jab wb‡q mxgvnxb `v‡qi wfwË‡Z
i) cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb GKwU eëmvq MVb K‡ib| Zviv `yR‡bB eëmvq cwiPvjbv K‡ib|
ii) cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb wKš‧ A_©ms¯vbRwbZ mgm¨v, ¯^í `vwqZ¡, `vq-`vwqZ¡ enb BZ¨vw`
iii) mgevq eëmvq `~ixf~Z Kivi Rb¨ Zviv eëmv‡q mmxg `v‡qi eëmv‡qi cwiYZ
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K‡ib| GLb Zviv eëmv‡q mdj n‡q‡Qb|
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 153|eZ©gvb Avwei I Avwi‡di eëmvqwU †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb?
143| ‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi g~jab msMÖn K‡i- K) Askx`vwi L) cvewjK wj. M) cÖvB‡fU wj. N) mgevq
i) Subscribed capital †_‡K 154| Zv‡ì c~‡e©i eëmv‡q mdjZv bv cvIqvi KviY-
ii) paid up capital †_‡K i) RbM‡Yi wek¦v‡mi Afv‡e
iii) Total capital †_‡K ii) F‡Yi my‡hvM bv _vKv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii) Df‡qiB IciB `vq-‡`bvi fvi _vKv
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
DÏxc‡Ki 144 I 145 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
mvwgqv, mvwKiv I Z¤^x wZb evÜex mg‡SvZvi wfwË‡Z GKwU eo 155|‡Kvb cÖwZôvb ¯^vqË¡kvmb †fvM K‡i?
wWcvU©‡g›Uvj †÷vi Pvjvq| Zviv fvej Zv‡ì eëmv‡qi GKwU K) GKgvwjKvbv cÖwZôvb L) †h․_ cÖwZôvb
AvBbMZ c„_K ghv©`v bv _vKvq mgm¨v n‡”Q| ZvB Zviv GKwU bZzb M) Askx`vwi cÖwZôvb N) ivóªvqvË¡ cÖwZôvb
cÖwZôvb Moj, hv 1994 mv‡ji †Kv¤úvwb AvB‡bi 4 aviv †gvZv‡eK 156| evsjv‡`k ch©Ub ms¯v †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwZôvb?
PvwjZ| K) miKvwi L) †emiKvwi M) ¯^vqË¡kvwmZ N) mgevq
144| wZb evÜex cÖ_‡g †Kvb ai‡bi eëmvq MVb K‡iwQj? 157|evsjv‡`k †ijI‡q †Kvb ai‡bi msMV‡bi AšÍM©Z?
K) Askx`vwi L) cvewjK wj. †Kv¤úvwb K) GKgvwjKvbv L) Askx`vwi M) mgevq N) ivóªxq
M) mgevq N) †h․_ g~jabx 158| ivóªxq cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK †K?
145| wZb evÜex cieZx©‡Z †h cÖwZôvb Moj Zvi •ewkó¨ n‡jv- K) miKvi L) ivóªcwZ M) mwPe N) gš¿x
i) ¯vwqZ¡ Kg 159|miKvi KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ msMVb‡K wK e‡j?
ii) AvBb Øviv m„ó n‡e K) e¨w³MZ cÖwZôvb L) mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb
iii) ‡kqvi wewµ K‡i g~jab msMÖn Ki‡e M) ivóªxq cÖwZôvb N) AvšÍR©vwZK cÖwZôvb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 160| ivóªxq cÖwZôvb cÖwZôvi g~j jÿ¨ Kx?
K) RbKj¨vY mvab L) gybvdv AR©b
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) Ki e„w× N) we‡`wk mvnv‡hï mØënvi
146| ‡Kvb †Kv¤úvwb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Kgc‡ÿ 2 Rb cwiPvjK _vK‡Z n‡e?
161| ‡Kvb ai‡bi Kvievi eë¯v mgvRKj¨vY e„w×‡Z mnvqK?
K) GKgvwjKvbv L) Askx`vwi
K) ivóªxq cÖwZôvb L) †h․_g~jabx Kvievi
M) cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW N) cvewjK wjwg‡UW
M) GKgvwjKvbv Kvievi N) Askx`vwi Kvievi
147| cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb m‡ev©”P KZRb m`m¨ _v‡K?
162| evsjv‡`k wegvb GKwU ivóªxq cÖwZôvb| GB cÖwZôv‡bi jvf †Kv_vq
K) 40 L) 50 M) 60 N) 70
Rgv n‡e?
148| Kviv cvewjK wjwg‡UW ‡Kv¤úvwbi gvwjK?
K) miKvwi Znwe‡j L) Askx`vwi Kviev‡i
K) cwiPvjKMY L) Kgx©MY
M) mgevq mwgwZ‡Z N) evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K
M) ‡kqvi †nvìviMY N) RbmvaviY
163| wZZvm M¨vm †Kv¤úvwb GKwU ivóªxq cÖwZôvb| GwUi †jvKmvb enb
149| ‡Kvb †Kv¤úvwb weeiYcÎ cÖPv‡ii gva¨‡g RbmvaviY‡K †kqvi
Ki‡e †K?
µ‡qi Rb¨ AvnŸvb Rvbv‡Z cv‡i?
K) miKvi L) RbMY
K) Askx`vwi eëmvq L) cvewjK wjwg‡UW
M) †kqvi MÖnYKvix N) MÖvg eënviKvix
M) cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW N) Askx`vwi eëmvq
164| jvjwdZvi †`․iv‡Z¥ï Aw¯ÍZ¡ †`Lv hvq †Kv_vq?
150| ‡Kvb ‡Kv¤úvwb‡Z m`m¨‡ì `vq mxgve× nq?
K) e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb cÖwZôv‡b L) ivóªxq cÖwZôv‡b
K) GKgvwjKvbv L) cvewjK wjwg‡UW
M) †emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡b N) mgevq cÖwZôv‡b
M) cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW N) Askx`vwi eëmvq
165| ivóªxq gvwjKvbvq eëmv‡qi M‡o †Zvjv nq-
151| cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi cÖm‡c±vm Gi gva¨‡g RbmvaviY‡K
AewnZ Kiv‡bvi KviY Kx? i) c‡Yï g~j¨ Kg ivLvi Rb¨
K) RbMY‡K †Kv¤úvwb m¤ú‡K© AewnZ Kiv ii) Pvwn`v mieiv‡ni mgZv weav‡bi Rb¨
L) †kqvi I wW‡eÂvi weµq Kiv iii) cY¨ g~j¨ w¯wZkxj ivLvi Rb¨
211
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
166| ivóªxq cÖwZôv‡bi ¯îƒc n‡jv- 181|mgv‡Ri AíweË I wb¤œweË †kÖwY‡K A_©‣bwZK `yie¯v †_‡K iÿv
i) miKvi KZ©„K MwVZ K‡i †h msMVb Zv n‡jv-
ii) miKvi KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ i) Askx`vwi eëmvq ii) mgevq eëmvq iii) ivóªxq eëmvq msMVb
iii) miKvi KZ©„K wbqwš¿Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 182 I 183 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
167| A¯¿ wbgv©Y wkí cÖwZôvb M‡o IVvi KviY n‡jv- wkK`vi cvovi †kvwlZ K…lK mgvR wb‡R‡ì fv‡M¨bœq‡bi j‡ÿ¨
i) †`kiÿv ii) wbivcËv iii) gybvdv AR©b Ô‡W‡fjvc‡g›U †Kv-Acv‡iwUfÕ bv‡g GKwU msMVb MVb K‡i| G
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? msMV‡bi g~jgš¿ n‡jv Ôwe‡f` bq HK¨|
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 182| DÏxc‡Ki msMVbwU †Kvb ai‡bi?
DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 168 I 169 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) mgevq L) Askx`vwi M) GKgvwjKvbv N)
wZZvm M¨vm UªvÝwgkb GÛ wWw÷ªweDkb †Kv¤úvwb wjwg‡UW cÖvB‡fU
evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU Ab¨Zg ivóªxq eëmvq msMVb| GwU R¡vjvwb I 183| D³ msMVbwU ¸iæZ¡ enb K‡i?
LwbR gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b †_‡K †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Q| i) g~jab MV‡b ii) A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡b
168| wZZvm M¨v‡mi gybvdv †Kv_vq Rgv Kiv n‡e? iii) GK‡PwUqv eëmvq †iv‡a
K) miKvwi †KvlvMv‡i L) we‡`wk e¨vs‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) mgevq e¨vs‡K N) †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡K K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
169|Giƒc ivóªxq cÖwZôv‡bi ¯îƒc wbf©i K‡i- 184| NGO Gi hvÎv ïiæ nq K‡e?
i) miKvwi bxwZgvjv Abymv‡i K) 1941 mv‡j L) 1942 mv‡j
ii) mgevq AvBb Abymv‡i M) 1944 mv‡j N) 1945 mv‡j
iii) miKvwi AvBb Abymv‡i 185| evsjv‡`‡k NGO welqK ey¨‡iv cÖwZwôZ nq KZ mv‡j?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) 1981 L) 1990 mv‡j M) 1991 mv‡j N) 1996 mv‡j
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 186| GbwRI Kx ai‡bi cÖwZôvb?
170|mgevq Kviev‡ii g~jbxwZ wK? K) GKwU miKvwi cÖwZôvb
K) ¯^wbf©iZv I ¯^vqË¡kvmb L) e¨w³MZ gybvdv AR©b L) GKwU Avav-miKvwi cÖwZôvb
M) A_©‣bwZK •elg¨ m„wó N) cvi®úwiK Amn‡hvwMZv M) GKwU miKvwi wbqš¿bgy³ cÖwZôvb
171| Drcv`b I mÂq Kx‡mi gva¨‡g e„w× cvq? N) GKwU †¯^”Qv‡mex cÖwZôvb
K) kÖwg‡Ki L) Drcv`bKvixi M) mgev‡qi N) wb‡qvMKvixi 187| NGO Gi c~Y©iƒc †KvbwU?
172|ga¨¯^Ë¡‡fvMxi Aw¯ÍZ¡ _v‡K bv †Kvb Kviev‡i? K) Non Group Organization
K) Askx`vwi Kviev‡i L) ivóªxq Kviev‡i L) Non Government Office
M) †h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡i N) mgevq Kviev‡i M) Non Government Organization
173| mgevq cÖwZôvb cÖwZwôZ nq Kx‡mi gva¨‡g? N) Navy Group Organization
K) mgvb AwaKvi I `vwqZ¡ wb‡q 188|‡h †Kv‡bv †emiKvwi msMVb hv miKvwi wbqš¿Y †_‡K gy³,
L) Amgvb AwaKvi I `vwqZ¡ wb‡q gybvdvwenxb mš¿vm wenxb I AivR‣bwZK _v‡K Zv‡K wK e‡j?
M) cwiPvjK‡ì †ewk AwaKvi wb‡q K) †emiKvwi msMVb L) wegv †Kv¤úvwb
N) mvgvwRK A½xKvi bv wb‡q M) GbwRI N) mgevq msL¨v
174|¯^í weËm¤úbœ †jvK‡ì msMVb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? 189| ‡m”Qv‡mex ms¯v wbeÜxKiY I wbqš¿Y AvBb †Kvb mv‡j cÖYxZ nq?
K) GKgvwjKvbv L) †h․_ g~jabx M) mgevq N) Askx`vwi K) 1951 L) 1952
175| mgevq •gÎx wb‡`©wkKvq KqwU g~jbxwZ i‡q‡Q? M) 1961 N) 1963
K) 5wU L) 7wU M) 9wU N) 11wU 190| GbwRI KLb †iwRwóª Ki‡Z nq?
176| ‡Kvb Kviev‡i wm×všÍ wb‡Z ‡`wi nq? L) ïiæ nIqvi c~‡e©B L) ïiæ nIqvi ci
K) GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡i L) mgevq Kviev‡i M) ïiæ nIqvi mgq N) gybvdv AR©‡bi ci
M) †kqv‡ii Kviev‡i N) GbwRI‡Z 191| GbwRI Z`viwK K‡i †Kvb ms¯v?
177| mgevq cÖwZôv‡bi Kvh©‡ÿÎ- K) evwYR¨ gš¿Yvjq L) GbwRI ey¨‡iv
K) Amxg L) mxwgZ M) wbqš¿Ynxb N) e¨vcK M) gvB‡µv‡µwWU A_wiwU N) A_© gš¿Yvjq
178| Kx‡mi gva¨‡g m¤ú‡ì mylg e›Ub wbwðZ nq? 192|Iwi‡q‡›Ukb wn‡m‡e GbwRI KZ cÖKvi?
K) mgev‡qi gva¨‡g L) e¨w³gvwjKvbv Kviev‡i K) 2 cÖKvi L) 3 cÖKvi M) 4 cÖKvi N) 5 cªKvi
M) †h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡i N) Askx`vwi Kviev‡i 193| D‡`¨v³v wn‡m‡e GbwRI KZ cÖKvi?
179|`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvP‡b f‚wgKv iv‡L †KvbwU? K) 2 cÖKvi L) 3 cÖKvi M) 4cªKvi N) 5 cÖKvi
K) †kqvi evRvi L) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK 194|‡KvbwU AvšÍR©vwZK GbwRI?
M) †h․_ g~jabx Kvievi N) mgevq Kvievi K) A·dvg L) eª¨vK M) wUwUGgGm N) RDRS
180| mgevq Kviev‡ii gva¨‡g- 195| D‡`¨v³v wn‡m‡e GbwRI Gi cÖKvi‡f` n‡jv-
i) ga¨¯Kvix‡ì D‡”Q` Kiv hvq i) †h․_ GbwRI ii) GKK GbwRI iii) `jMZ GbwRI
ii) AwaK g~jab e¨vs‡K Rgv Kiv nq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii) m`m¨‡ì Avw_©K Kj¨vY mvab Kiv hvq K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
212
196|Gb.wR.I Gi KvR n‡jv- M) W. BDb~m N) KvRx nvqvZ
i) Rb¯^v_© Dbœqb ii) gybvdv AR©b iii) `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb 213| Ô‡KqviÕi Kvh©µg ïiæ nq KLb?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) 1945 mv‡j L) 1947 mv‡j M) 1949 mv‡j N) 1951 mv‡j
K) i I ii L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 214|‡Kqvi A_©ms¯vb K‡i g~jZ †Kv_v n‡Z?
197| NGOÕi •ewkó¨ n‡jv- K) UN L) USAID M) UNDP N) WB
i) DcvbyôvwbK wkÿv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv 215|GbwRI Gi KvR n‡jv-
ii) ÿz`ªFY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb i) Rb¯^v_© Dbœqb ii) gybvdv AR©b iii) `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb
iii) miKv‡ii mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e †eKviZ¡ `~i Kiv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 216|G‡`‡k GbwRI¸‡jv †hme ¯^v¯¨ Kvh©µ‡g RwoZ †m¸‡jv n‡jv-
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 198 I 199 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: i) Mf©eZx gvÕ‡ì civgk©
KvÂbcyi MÖv‡gi `wi`ª K…lKiv Ôwb‡Riv KwiÕ msMV‡bi gva¨‡g Zv‡ì ii) ¯^íg~‡j¨ m¨vwbUvwi cvqLvbv mieivn
Rwg GK‡Î Pvlvev` kyiæ K‡i| cvi®úwiK mn‡hvwMZvB G msMV‡bi iii) ¯^v¯¨Kgx©‡ì e¯‧MZ mvnvh¨ `vb|
wfwË| GLv‡b gvwjK-kÖwgK †f`v‡f` †bB| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
198|DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi msMV‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? K) i I ii L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) GbwRI L) mgevq M) Askx`vwi N) †h․_ g~jabx 217| eª¨v‡Ki wkÿv c×wZ n‡jv-
199| G ai‡bi msMV‡bi †ÿ‡Î- i) D™¢vewbg~jK ii) wKQzUv e¨wZµgagx©
i) Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AvMÖn _v‡K iii) MZvbyMwZK I •ewPÎ¨nxb
ii) chv©ß g~ja‡bi †hvMvb †Ìqv nq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii) `vjvj dwoqv‡ì †`․i‡Z¥ï Aemvb N‡U K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 218| cªwkKv `yB fv‡M wef³ nq, †m¸‡jv n‡jv-
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii i) Kzwgjøv cÖwkKv Dbœqb †K›`ª
200| cÖwkKv AvbyôvwbKfv‡e K‡e cªwZwôZ nq? ii) MvRxcyi cÖwkKv Dbœqb †K›`ª
K) 1972 L) 1973 M) 1976 N) 1978 iii) XvKv wfwËK cÖwkKv gvbweK Dbœqb †K›`ª
201| cÖwkKvi cy‡ivbvg †KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) cÖwkÿY, wkÿv I KvR L) cÖv_wgK, wkÿv I Kvh©µg K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) cÖwkÿY I KvR N) wkÿv I KvR DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 219 I 220 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
202| evsjv‡`‡ki me©e„nr †emiKvwi ÿz`ª FY`vbKvix ms¯v †KvbwU? Pvu`cyi †Rjvi KPzqv Dc‡Rjvi mì †_‡K 4 wK.wg. `~‡i K‡qKwU
K) Avkv L) cÖwkKv M) eª¨vK N) †Kqvi MÖv‡gi Av_©mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b KvR Ki‡Q NIPA cÖwZôvbwU| D³
203| evsjv‡`‡ki wØZxq e„nËg ‡emiKvwi GbwRI ms¯v †KvbwU? cÖwZôvbwU miKvi Aby‡gvw`Z Ges wbR¯^ I •e‡`wkK mvnvh¨cyó|
K) cÖwkKv L) Avkv N) eª¨vK N) MÖvgxY e¨vsK 219|NIPA cÖwZôvbwU g‡Zv cÖwZôvb n‡jv-
204| GbwRI ¸‡jvi g~j Kvh©µg †Kv_vq? K) ADD L) SAARC M) IMF N) ASHA
K) kni‡Kw›`ªK L) ew¯Í‡Kw›`ªK M) MÖvg‡Kw›`ªK N) ivRavbx‡Kw›`ªK 220| cÖwZôvbwUi mn‡hvwMZvi ‡ÿÎ n‡jv-
205| eª¨v‡Ki Kvh©µg¸‡jv‡K Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq? i) `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb
K) wZb fv‡M L) Pvi fv‡M M) cvuP fv‡M N) Qq fv‡M
ii) ¯^v¯¨ welqK civgk©
206| Avkv K‡e cÖwZwôZ nq-?
iii) cÖPwjZ e¨vswKs Kvh©µg
K) 1990 mv‡j L) 1992 mv‡j M) 1994 mv‡j N) 1996 mv‡j
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
207| eZ©gv‡b me©e„nr AvZ¥wbf©i `~ªZ weKvkgvb ÿz`ª FY`vbKvix ms¯v
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wn‡m‡e we‡k¦ cÖwZôv jvf K‡i‡Q †Kvb cÖwZôvb?
DËicÎ
K) eª¨vK L) Avkv M) KvwiZvm N) wUGgGmGm
1.N 2.M 3.N 4.K 5.K
208| gvB‡µv‡µwWU †i¸‡jUwi A_wiwU AvBb †Kvb mv‡j cvm nq? 6.N 7.K 8.K 9.N 10.M
K) 2001 L) 2004 11.K 12.L 13.L 14.N 15.N
M) 2006 N) 2010 16.K 17.N 18.K 19.K 20.K
209| ‡Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi mb` e¨ZxZ †Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb ÿz`ªFY Kvh©µg 21.N 22.L 23.N 24.N 25.K
cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv? 26.L 27.L 28.L 29.K 30.K
K) GbwRI ey¨‡iv L) gvB‡µv‡µwWU †i¸‡jUwi A_wiwU 31.L 32.N 33.K 34.M 35.L
M) mgvRKj¨vY gš¿Yvjq N) A_©gš¿Yvjq 36.N 37.N 38.M 39.M 40.L
41.N 42.L 43.K 44.M 45.M
210| gvB‡µv‡µwWU †i¸‡jUwi A_wiwU †deªæqvwi 2012 ch©šÍ KZ¸‡jv 46.L 47.L 48.L 49.N 50.N
cÖwZôvb‡K mb` cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q? 51.K 52.M 53.L 54.M 55.K
K) 610wU L) 660wU M) 710wU N) 810wU 56.N 57.N 58.N 59.L 60.K
211| cÖwkKvi Kvh©µg cÖ_g †Kv_vq kyiæ nq? 61.N 62.N 63.N 64.K 65.N
K) MvwRcy‡ii K‡qKwU MÖv‡g L) gvwbKM‡Äi K‡qKwU MÖv‡g 66.K 67.K 68.K 69.L 70.N
M) Pvu`cy‡ii K‡qKwU MÖv‡g N) gywÝM‡Äi K‡qKwU MÖv‡g 71.K 72.K 73.M 74.N 75.M
212| evsjv‡`‡k g~jZ Kvi wb‡`©kbv I cwiPvjbvq eª¨v‡Ki mvsMVwbK 76.L 77.N 78.N 79.K 80.K
81.N 82.N 83.N 84.M 85.M
KvVv‡gv M‡o D‡V‡Q?
86.M 87.N 88.N 89.K 90.M
K) dR‡j nvmvb Av‡e` L) KvRx dviæK
213
91.L 92.L 93.K 94.K 95.K M) SzuwKi AvwaK¨ N) msMV‡bi RwUjZv
96.L 97.K 98.K 99.L 100.M 12| evsjv‡`‡k Askx`vwi msMVb †Kvb mv‡ji AvBb Øviv MwVZ I
101.K 102.K 103.M 104.K 105.N cwiPvwjZ nq?
106.K 107.K 108.L 109.L 110.K K) 1910 L) 1930 M) 1932 N) 1995
111.L 112.L 113.L 114.K 115.L 13|Askx`vwi eëmvq m„wó nq Kxfv‡e?
116.M 117.K 118.M 119.L 120.N K) A‡_©i Kvievi L) mgevq Kvievi
121.M 122.M 123.N 124.K 125.N M) †h․_ g~jabx Kvievi N) GKgvwjKvbv Kvievi
126.M 127.K 128.L 129.K 130.M
14|Rwni Zvi K‡qKRb eÜz‡K mv‡_ wb‡q GKwU eëmv ïiæ Ki‡jb|
131.N 132.N 133.N 134.M 135.N
Zv‡ì G eëmv cÖwZôvb †Kvb ai‡bi Kviev‡ii D`vniY?
136.M 137.M 138.M 139.M 140.L
K) Askx`vwi Kvievi L) mgevq Kvievi
141.N 142.K 143.K 144.K 145.M
146.M 147.L 148.M 149.L 150.L
M) †h․_ g~jabx Kvievi N) GKgvwjKvbv Kvievi
151.L 152.M 153.M 154.N 155.N 15|mKj Askx`vi KZ©„K ¯^vÿwiZ `wjj‡K Kx ejv nq?
156.M 157.N 158.K 159.M 160.K K) msNwewa L) Dcwewa M) Pzw³cÎ N) msN ¯§viK
161.K 162.K 163.K 164.L 165.M 16| ‡`‡ki †Kv¤úvwb AvBb Abyhvqx †Kvb Kvievi‡K Aek¨B wbewÜZ n‡Z nq?
166.N 167.K 168.K 169.L 170.K K) GKgvwjKvbv L) Askx`vwi
171.M 172.N 173.K 174.N 175.L M) †h․_ g~jabx N) ivóªxq gvwjKvbv
176.L 177.L 178.K 179.N 180.L 17|‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi cÖ_g ‡Kv_vq Pvjy nq?
181.M 182.K 183.N 184.N 185.L K) weª‡U‡b L) Av‡gwiKvq M) d«v‡Ý N) Rvgv©‡b
186.N 187.M 188.M 189.M 190.K 18| ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡i hviv Kviev‡ii Ask µq K‡ib Zv‡ì‡K wK e‡j?
191.L 192.K 193.K 194.K 195.M K) cwiPvjK L) Askx`vi M) m`m¨ N) Kgx©
196.N 197.K 198.L 199.N 200.M 19| ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡i mieivnK…Z g~jab‡K wK ejv nq?
201.K 202.M 203.K 204.M 205.L K) cyuwR L) †kqvi M) †kqvi g~jab N) wewb‡qvM
206.L 207.K 208.M 209.L 210.K 20| cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb MwVZ nq KZRb m`m¨ wb‡q?
211.L 212.K 213.M 214.L 215.L K) 2-50 Rb L) 3-25 Rb M) 5-50 Rb N) 10-30 Rb
216.N 217.K 218.L 219.N 220.K 21| evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZwôZ cÖ_g GbwRIi bvg Kx?
cÖ‡dmi †gvt †mvn&ivIqv`x© I w`jviv AviRy m¨vi K) eª¨vK L) †Kqvi M) KvwiZvm N) Avkv
1| Entrepreneur †Kvb kã †_‡K G‡m‡Q? 22|we‡k¦i me©e„nr GbwRI †KvbwU?
K) wMÖK kã L) divwm kã M) j¨vwUb kã N) wneªæ kã K) BRAC L) ASHA M) PROSHIKA N) TMSS
2| Drcv`‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ f‚wg, kÖg I g~ja‡bi AbycvwZK msMÖn, ms‡hvRb 23| wewfbœ cÖKvi eëmvq msMVb M‡o I‡V-
Ges Drcv`‡b wb‡qvM Kivi D‡`¨vM ev cÖ‡Póv‡K Kx e‡j? i) gvwjKvbvMZ Kvi‡Y
K) wewb‡qvM L) msMVb M) Kg©ms¯vb N) cÖhyw³ ii) •ewkó¨MZ Kvi‡Y
3| eëmvq ev wkí cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib †K? iii) AvqZbMZ Kvi‡Y
K) gvwjK L) D‡`¨v³v M) kÖwgK N) cÖkvmb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
4| ‡h․_g~jabx Kvievi Kq ai‡bi? K) i I ii L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5 24|GK gvwjKvbv Kviev‡i g~jab msMÖn Kiv nq-
5| Avj‡d«W gvk©vj msMVK‡K wK bv‡g AwfwnZ K‡ib? i) wbR¯^ Znwej †_‡K
K) Leader of the industry ii) †kqvi wewµ K‡i
L) Organizer of the industry iii) e¨vsK FY wb‡q
M) Captain of the industry wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
N) Entrepreneur of the industry K) i I ii L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
6| kv‡qL DcKiY msMÖn Ges Kvievi cwiPvjbv c×wZ wba©viY K‡i| 25| wg. Avwgb GKwU †eKvwii gvwjK| G‡ÿ‡Î Zvi KiYxq n‡jv-
kv‡q‡Li Kg©Kv‡Ûi mv‡_ Kvi wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq? i) †fv³vi Pvwn`v ch©‡eÿY ii) c‡Yï †hvMvb wbqš¿Y
K) kÖwg‡Ki L) D‡`¨v³vi M) gnvR‡bi N) wkícwZi iii) SzuwK cwinvi
7| msMV‡bi me‡P‡q cÖvPxb iƒc †KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) GKgvwjKvbv L) Askx`vwi M) †h․_ g~jabx N) GbwRI K) i I ii L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
8| GK gvwjKvbv eëmvq mxwgZ AvqZ‡bi nq †Kb? 26| MÖvg Dbœqb GbwRI¸‡jv MÖnY K‡i‡Q-
K) ¯^í cyuwR I GKK mvg‡_©ï mxgve×Zvi Rb¨ i) ¯^v¯¨ Kvh©µg
L) GKK gybvdv †fvM Kivq ii) mvgvwRK ebvqb cÖKí
M) cÖZ¨ÿ m¤ú‡K© Rb¨
iii) Avq I mÂq cÖKí
N) AwbwðZ ¯vwq‡Z¡i Rb¨
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
9| GK gvwjKvbv msMVb ev Kviev‡i m`m¨ KZRb _v‡K?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) 1 Rb L) 2 Rb M) 3 Rb N) 4 Rb
27| GbwRI Gi KvR n‡jv-
10|‡Kvb Kviev‡ii AvBbMZ Aw¯ÍZ¡ †bB?
i) Rb¯^v_© Dbœqb ii) gybvdv AR©©b iii) `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb
K) GKgvwjKvbv L) Askx`vwi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) mgevq N) †h․_g~jabx
11| GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡ii Amyweav †KvbwU? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) AMYZvwš¿K cwiPvjbv L) `ybx©wZ I ¯^RbcÖxwZ wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 28 I 29 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

214
iwng wgqv I Zvi eÜz gybvdv AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ †¯^”Qvq Pzw³e× n‡q M) ciivóª N) fvwi wkí ¯vcb
GKwU Kvievi cÖwZôv K‡i| Pzw³‡Z D‡jøL _v‡K †h, cÖwZôv‡bi `vq- 39| D‡`¨v³vi Kvhv©ewj n‡jv-
`vwqZ¡, mieivnK…Z g~jab I cÖwZôv‡bi jvf-‡jvKmvb Zviv i) Drcv`‡bi cwiKíbv cÖYqb I bxwZ MÖnY
mgvbfv‡e fvM K‡i †b‡e| ii) Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab
28| iwng I Zvi eÜz †Kvb ai‡bi Kvievi M‡o ‡Zv‡j? iii) SzuwK enb I Avq e›Ub
K) GKgvwjKvbv L) Askx`vwi M) †h․_ g~jabx N) mgevq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
29| iwng I Zvi eÜz KZ©„K cÖwZwôZ Kviev‡ii myweav n‡jv- K) i I ii L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
i) mg `vwqZ¡ ii) mnR c×wZ iii) ¯^vZš¿¨ I ¯^vaxbZv 40| msMV‡bi KvR n‡jv-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i) evRviRvZKiY ii) SzuwKMÖnY iii) Avq e›Ub
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 30 I 31 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Rbve byiæj Bmjvg 5000 UvKv g~jab wb‡q GKwU bvmv©wi M‡o K) i I ii L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
†Zv‡jb Ges Pviv wewµ K‡i msmv‡ii Avw_©K m”QjZv Av‡bb| wKš‧ 41| Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
G eQi Livq A‡bK Pviv g‡i hvq| ZvB wZwb c~‡e© mwÂwZ Avq w`‡q i) Askx`viMY mK‡jB hy³fv‡e eëmvq cwiPvjbv K‡i
bvmv©wi m¤úªmviY K‡ib| ii) Askx`viM‡Yi `vwqZ¡ Amxg
30| Rbve byiæj Bmjv‡gi eëmv †Kvb ai‡bi? iii) Askx`viM‡Yi g‡a¨ †KD cvMj n‡q †M‡j Kvievi eÜ n‡q hvq
K) e¨w³MZ L) GKgvwjKvbv M) mgevq N) mvgvwRK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
31|Rbve byiæj Bmjvg Gi eëmvi Amyweav n‡jv-
K) i I ii L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
i) ¯^í g~jab ii) wm×všÍ Mªn‡Y wej¤^ iii) SzuwKi AvwaK¨
42| GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡ii g~jab msMÖn Kiv nq-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii i) wbR¯^ Znwej †_‡K
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 32 I 33 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: ii) †kqvi wewµ K‡i
iwng I Kwig `yB eÜz wg‡j eëmv K‡i| 1 eQi ci Zviv Zv‡ì Avi iii) e¨vsK FY wb‡q
GK eÜz ReŸvi‡K Zv‡ì eëmvq Askx`vi wn‡m‡e wbj| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
32| iwng, Kwig I ReŸvi †h Kvievi cwiPvjbv K‡i Zv‡K wK e‡j? K) i I ii L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) GK gvwjKvbv Kvievi L) †h․_ gvwjKvbv Kvievi 43| ‡h․_ g~jabx Kviev‡ii •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
M) mgevq msMVb N) Askx`vwi Kvievi
i) mxgve× `vq
33| iwng, Kwig I ReŸvi Gi eëmvi myweav n‡jv-
ii) AvB‡bi Øviv m„ó I wPišÍb Aw¯ÍZ¡
i) †ewk cyuwR msMÖn ii) SzuwK e›Ub iii) F‡Yi myweav
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii) gvwjKvbv †_‡K eë¯vcbvi c„_KxKiY
K) i I ii L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
34| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi cÖwZôvb? K) i I ii L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) miKvwi L) †h․_g~jabx wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 44 I 45 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
M) GbwRI N) ‡¯^”Qv‡mex msMVb x e¨vsK D‡`¨v³v‡ì wbR¯^ g~ja‡bi mv‡_ RbMY n‡Z e¨vsKwUi
35| G ai‡bi cÖwZôv‡bi myweav n‡jv- †kqvi wewµi gva¨‡g M„nxZ g~jab hy³ n‡q GKwU kw³kvjx Avw_©K
i) miKv‡ii mn‡hvMx wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i wfwËi Dci eZ©gv‡b e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q|
ii) MÖvgxY `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôxi Kj¨v‡Y wb‡qvwRZ 44| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ x Kx ai‡bi msMVb?
iii) Mwie‡ì AvZ¥Kg©ms¯v‡bi eë¯v K‡i K) GKgvwjKvbv L) Askx`vwi Kvievi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb N) cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwb
K) i I ii L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
45| Giƒc msMV‡bi †ÿ‡Î-
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 36 I 37 bs cÖ‡kœ&i DËi `vI:
Pvu`cyi †Rjvi KPzqv Dc‡Rjvi mì †_‡K 4 wK.wg. `~‡ii K‡qKwU i) Askx`vi I cwiPvj‡Ki g‡a¨ ms‡hv‡Mi Afve _v‡K
MÖv‡gi Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b KvR Ki‡Q ÔwbcvÕ cÖwZôvbwU| D³ ii) kÖwgK gvwjK m¤úK© fv‡jv _v‡K bv
cÖwZôvbwU miKvi Aby‡gvw`Z Ges wbR¯^ I •e‡`wkK mvnvh¨ cyó| iii) m¤ú` gywó‡gq †jv‡Ki nv‡Z †K›`ªxfzZ nq
36| ‡KvbwU ÔwbcvÕ cÖwZôvbwUi g‡Zv? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) ADB L) ASEAN K) i I ii L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) IDB N) ASHA
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 46 I 47 bs cÖ‡kœ&i DËi `vI:
37|ÔwbcvÕ cÖwZôv‡bi mn‡hvwMZvi †ÿÎ n‡jv- ‡gvnbcyi MÖv‡gi `wi`ª K…l‡Kiv ÔG‡mv KwiÕ msMV‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡ì
i) ÿz`ªZg cÖ`vb
RwgÕ GK‡Î Pvlvev` ïiæ K‡i| cvi¯úvwiK mn‡hvwMZvB G msMV‡bi
ii) ¯^v¯¨ welqK civgk©
wfwË| GL‡b gvwjK I kÖwg‡Ki g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ †bB|
iii) †kqvi n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv
46| DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi msMV‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) GKgvwjKvbv L) mgevq M) Askx`vwi N) †h․_ g~jabx
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
iYwRZ Kzgvi bv_ m¨vi 47| G ai‡bi msMV‡bi †ÿ‡Î-
38|evsjv‡`‡k GbwRI Gi Kg©‡ÿÎ †KvbwU?? i) Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AvMÖn _v‡K
K) cÖv_wgK wkÿv L) cÖwZiÿv ii) `vjvj, dwiqv‡ì †`․iv‡Z¥ï Aemvb N‡U
215
iii) chv©ß g~ja‡bi †hvMvb I †Ìqv nq 22. `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK eëmvqx †¯^”Qvq wgwjZ n‡q †Kv‡bv Kvievi Lyj‡j
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Zv‡K e‡j-Askx`vwi Kvievi|
K) i I ii L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 23. mvaviY Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii m`m¨ msL¨v-2-20 Rb|
24. e¨vswKs Askx`vwi Kviev‡i m`m¨ _v‡K-2-10 Rb|
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 48 I 49 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
25. wKQz msL¨K †jvK GK‡Î Kvievi ïiæ Ki‡j Zv‡K e‡j-‡h․_ g~jabx
iwng mv‡n‡ei cÖwZôv‡b wm×všÍ MÖnY cÖwµqv `ªyZZi nq| G‡ÿ‡Î
Kvievi|
Ab¨ †Kv‡bv welq cÖfve we¯Ívi bv Ki‡jI dviæK mv‡ne Gi Drcv`b
26. ‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi-2 cÖKvi|
cÖwZôv‡bi wm×všÍ MÖnY cÖwµqvq †kqvi †nvìvi‡K ¸iæZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e| 27. cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi gvwj‡Ki msL¨v-2-50Rb|
48| dviæK mv‡ne Gi cÖwZôv‡bi Amyweav †KvbwU? 28. cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi gvwjK msL¨v-me©wb¤œ 7 Rb n‡Z
K) SzuwKi AvwaK¨ L) mxgvnxb `vwqZ¡ mev©waK †h †Kv‡bv msL¨v|
M) ¯^í Aw¯ÍZ¡ N) ab‣elg¨ e„w× 29. wecyj cwigvY g~jab wb‡qvM K‡i Drcv`b Ki‡j Zv‡K e‡j-
49| iwng mv‡ne Gi cÖwZôv‡bi •ewkó¨- e„n`vqZb wkí|
i) Kg AcPq ii) g~ja‡bi ¯^íZv iii) kÖgwefvM Kvh©Ki 30. ¯^í g~jab wb‡qvM K‡i Drcv`b Kiv‡K e‡j-ÿz`ªvqZb wkí|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 31. ÷K GK‡PÄ Øviv †h †kqvi †ePv‡Kbv nq Zv‡K e‡j-‡kqvi evRvi|
32. ‡hwU †kqvi evRvi‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i-÷K G·‡PÄ|
K) i I ii L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
33. ‡kqvi †jb-‡`bKvix dvg©‡K e‡j-‡eªvKv‡iR nvDm|
DËicÎ 1.L 2.L 3.L 4.K
5.M 6.L 7.K 8.K 9.K weMZ mv‡j wek¦we`¨vj‡q Avmv fwZ© cwiÿvi
10.K 11.M 12.M 13.M 14.K wfwWI K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
15.M 16.M 17.K 18.L 19.M
20.K 21.K 22.K 23.N 24.L
25.K 26.N 27.L 28.N 29.N
30.L 31.L 32.N 33.N 34.M
35.N 36.N 37.K 38.K 39.N
40.N 41.N 42.L 43.N 44.M
45.N 46.L 47.K 48.N 49.K

1. msMVb kãwUi Bs‡iwR cÖwZkã-Organization. Kzwgjøv wek¦we`¨vjq
2. f‚wg, kÖg, g~jab I msMVb n‡jv-Drcv`‡bi 4wU Dcv`vb|
01| D‡`¨v³v‡K Captain of the Industry ev wkívwabvqKÕ
3. f‚wg, kÖg I g~jab‡K GKÎ K‡i Zv‡ì g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab KivB e‡j‡Qb? [CoU: 2017-18]
n‡jv-msMVb| K) n¨vwb L) Gj. iweÝ M) gvk©vj N) m¨vgy‡qjmb
4. miKvwi gvwjKvbvq cwiPvwjZ cÖwZôvbB n‡jv-miKvwi cÖwZôvb| DËi: M
5. miKvwi cÖwZôvb-`yB cÖKvi| e¨vL¨v: D‡`¨v³v‡K Captain of the Industry ev wkívwabvqKÕ
6. e¨vsK-wegv, wkí-KviLvbv BZ¨vw` n‡jv- miKvwi eëmvwqK cÖwZôvb| e‡j‡Qb-gvk©vj|
7. miKvwi RbKj¨vYg~jK cÖwZôvb n‡jv- WvKwefvM, †Uwjwfkb, *A_©bxwZ n‡jv wbev©P‡bi weÁvbÕ-e‡j‡Qb-m¨vgy‡qjmb|
†ijI‡q, we`y¨r BZ¨vw`|
02| ‡KvbwU mvgvwRK gvwjKvbvaxb m¤ú`? [MBSTU:2019-20]
8. e¨w³ D‡`¨v‡M cwiPvwjZ cÖwZôvb‡K e‡j-‡emiKvwi cÖwZôvb| K) eûRvwZK ms¯v L) wWcvU©‡g›Uvj †÷vi
9. ‡emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨-gybvdv AR©b| M) eb N) KwgDwbwU †m›Uvi
10. abZvwš¿K A_© eë¯v †h bxwZi c‡ÿ-‡emiKvwiMY| DËi: M
11. gvwjKvbvi cÖK…wZ, MVb c×wZ I Kvh©µ‡gi wfwË‡Z cÖwZôvb-4 cÖKvi| e¨vL¨v: †h m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv m¤ú~Y© mgv‡Ri Aaxb¯ Zv n‡jv
12. wKQz †jvK †¯^”Qvq GKÎ n‡q †Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb M‡o Zzj‡j Zv‡K e‡j- mvgvwRK m¤ú`| †Lvjv RvqMv, cvK©, gvV, eb BZ¨vw` mvgvwRK
mgevq cÖwZôvb| gvwjKvbvaxb m¤ú`|
13. ÔmK‡ji Z‡i mK‡j Avgiv, cÖ‡Z¨‡K †gviv c‡ii Z‡iÕ-‡h ai‡bi 03| D‡`¨v³vi cyi®‥vi n‡”Q- [MBSTU:2018-19]
cÖwZôv‡bi g~jbxwZ mgevq cÖwZôvb| K) LvRbv L) gRywi M) my` N) gybvdv
14. ‡h ai‡bi Kvievi cyuwRev`x eë¯vi ÎæwU `~i K‡i-mgevq Kvievi| DËi: N
15. ‡h ai‡bi Kviev‡i ga¨¯^Z¡‡fvMx‡ì cÖvavb¨ †jvc cvq-mgevq Kvievi| e¨vL¨v: mvaviY A‡_© D‡`¨v³v ev msMV‡Ki Avq‡K gybvdv ejv nq|
16. ‡h mKj miKvwi cÖwZôvb miKvi wb‡R cwiPvjbv K‡i Zv‡K e‡j- e¨vcK A‡_© Drcv`b Kvh©cwiPvjbv Ges SzuwK en‡bi Rb¨ msMVK ev
ivóªvqË cÖwZôvb| D‡`¨v³v †h cvwikÖwgK cvq Zv‡KB A_©‣bwZK gybvdv e‡j|
17. evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªvqË evwYwR¨K e¨vsK-6wU| A_©bxwZwe` mygwcUv‡ii g‡Z, ÔmsMV‡bi D‡`¨vM I D™¢ve‡bi
18. ‡h mKj cÖwZôv‡bi Kvh©µg miKvi cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e wbqš¿Y K‡i bv eis cyi®‥viB n‡jv gybvdv|
cÖwZôvbwU wbR¯^ bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx cwiPvwjZ nq Zv‡K e‡j-ivóvqË 4| f‚wg, kÖg I g~ja‡bi h‡_vchy³ eënvi Kx‡mi Dci wbf©i K‡i?
cÖwZôvb| [MBSTU:2015-16]
19. ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôv‡bi Ici miKv‡ii wbqš¿Y-c‡ivÿ| K) wb‡qvM L) wewb‡qvM M) msMVK N) Drcv`b
20. ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôv‡bi D`vniY n‡jv-cvewjK wek¦we`¨vjq, wbev©Pb DËi: M
Kwgkb, wc.Gm.wm e¨vL¨v: ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz Z_¨-
21. ‡h mKj cÖwZôv‡bi gvwjK GKRb Zv‡K e‡j-GKK gvwjKvbvi Kvievi|  f‚wg, kÖg I g~jab †K GKwÎZ K‡i Drcv`b cwiPvjbvB n‡jv msMVb|

216
 msMVb‡K Drcv`b Kvh© m¤ú‡bœi Rb¨ PvwjKv kw³ ejv nq| N. DÏxc‡K ‘B’ KvieviwU Kx ai‡bi Kvievi? Gi myweav¸‡jv
 Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY-msMVb| we‡kølY Ki|
Ávbg~jK cÖkœ 4. wg. ‘X’ Gi GKwU eëmvq cÖwZôvb i‡q‡Q| wZwb GB cÖwZôv‡bi jÿ¨
1. msMVb Kx? wbav©iY,cwiKíbv cÖYqb, DcKiY msMÖn I G‡ì g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab
2. D‡`¨v³vi Kvh©vewj‡K Kx e‡j? Ges Drcv`b KvR ZË¡veavb K‡i _v‡Kb| G mKj †ÿ‡Î wZwb `ªæZ
3. msMV‡Ki Bs‡iwR kã Kx? wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi myweav †c‡jI Zv‡K A‡bK †ewk SzuwK enb Ki‡Z nq|
4. wkí PvjK ev cÖfz ejv nq Kv‡K? K. ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôvb Kv‡K e‡j?
5. GKgvwjKvbv Kviev‡ii msÁv `vI| L. Ò`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb NGO mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡iÓ- e¨vL¨v Ki|
6. ‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi Kx? M. DÏxc‡K Kvi A_©‣bwZK Kvh©vewji Bw½Z cvIqv hvq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
7. miKvwi ev ivóªvqË KviKvi Kx? N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cÖwZôv‡bi myweav I Amyweav m¤ú‡K© †Zvgvi
8. ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôvb Kv‡K e‡j? gZvgZ we‡kølY Ki|
9. ‘BRAC’ Gi c~Y©iƒc †jL| 5. SzuwK MÖnY, AwbðqZv, ZË¡veavb, DcKiY, wb‡qvM, cwiKíbv cÖYqb
10. GbwRI Kx? I ev¯Íevqb, g~jab msMÖn I wb‡qvM, bZzb bZzb evRvi AbymÜvb,
11. NGO-Gi g~jab D‡Ïk¨ Kx? c‡Yï ¸YMZ gvb wbqš¿Y meB D‡`¨v³vi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwq‡Z¡i Ask|
Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ D‡`¨v³vi `ÿZvi IciB Kviev‡ii `ÿZv wbf©i K‡i| Gi e¨w³MZ
1. ÔmsMVb `„k¨gvb bqÕ- welqwU eywS‡q †jL| n‡j Kvievi c½y n‡Z cv‡i|
2. ÒD‡`¨v³vB msMV‡bi Ab¨Zg PvwjKvkw³Ó-e¨vL¨v Ki| K. †h․_ g~jabx Kvievi Kx?
3. msMVK‡K †Kb Drcv`‡bi cÖavb PvwjKvkw³ ejv nq? L. AvaywbK Drcv`b eëmvq D‡`¨v³v‡K ÔKviev‡ii cÖvYÕ ejv nq †Kb?
4. AvaywbK Drcv`b eë¯vq D‡`¨v³v‡K ÔKviev‡ii cÖvYÕ ejv nq †Kb? M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K GKRb `ÿ D‡`¨v³vi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kvh©vewji
5. msMVb‡K wk‡íi PvjK (Captain of the Industry) ejv nq †Kb? weeiY `vI|
6. Askx`vwi Kviev‡i wK ch©vß g~ja‡bi †hvMvb`vb m¤¢e? N. `ÿ D‡`¨v³v Qvov †Kb GKwU Kvievi mwVKfv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡Z
7. †h․_ g~jabx Kvievi `xN©¯vqx nq †Kb? cv‡i bv? D`xc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K eY©bv `vI|
6. Rbve bv‡mi wb‡Ri GKK wmÜv‡šÍ ¯‥zj e¨vM ‣Zwii GKwU KviLvbv
8. NGO-ej‡Z Kx †evS?
cÖwZôvb Ki‡eb e‡j wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡jb| wZwb AviI wm×všÍ MÖnY
9. GbwRI F‡Yi myweavmg~n †jL|
Ki‡jb †h, cÖwZôv‡b wZwb wb‡RB g~jab mieivn, DcKiY msMÖn I
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ evRviRvZKiYmn mKj cÖKvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb| cieZx©‡Z wZwb
1. m„Rbkxj I cwikÖgx my`vb eëmvwqK jÿ¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L e¨vsK
wm×všÍ cwieZ©b K‡i eÜz AvwkK‡K KviLvbvi Askx`vi wn‡m‡e MÖnY
†_‡K FY I miKv‡ii Kv‡Q †_‡K GKLÐ Rwg wjR wb‡q †mLv‡b
K‡ib|
Pzw³wfwËK I w`bwfwËK wKQz eMv©Pvwl I kÖwgK wb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g
GKwU wkíKviLvbv ¯vcb K‡i| cieZx©‡Z my`v‡bi eyw×gËv I K. ‘NGO’ Gi c~Y©iƒc †jL|
`~i`wk©Zv Ges K‡g©i `„pZvi Kvi‡Y cvuP eQ‡ii gv_vq wkí L. ÒmsMV‡Ki `ÿZvi Ici wbf©i K‡i msMV‡bi mvdj¨Ó- e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖwZôvbwUi mybvg mviv †`‡k Qwo‡q c‡o| M. DÏxcK Abyhvqx cÖv_wgKfv‡e Rbve bv‡m‡ii KviKvbvi cÖK…wZ
K. GK gvwjKvbv Kvievi Kv‡K e‡j? wbY©qc~e©K •ewkó¨¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki|
L. Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii wek¦vm I Av¯vi Afve nq †Kb? N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx Rbve bv‡m‡ii wm×v‡šÍi cwieZ©‡b KviLvbvi cÖK…wZ‡Z
M. my`v‡bi Kvh©µ‡gi Drcv`‡bi †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi Kvh©µg dz‡U Kx Kx ai‡bi cwieZ©b Avm‡e? h_vh_ hyw³mn we‡kølY Ki|
D‡V‡Q? we‡kølY Ki| 7. Kwig mv‡ne GKRb `ÿ D‡`¨v³v| Zvi chv©ß g~jab,SzuwK MÖn‡Yi
N. Ò‡Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi mdjZv D³ Dcv`v‡bi f~wgKvi Ici wbf©ikxjÓ- ÿgZv, GK eyw×gËv, m„wókxjZv, `yi`wk©Zv, ZË¡veavb Ges myô
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| evRviRvZKi‡Yi d‡j A cÖwZôvbwUi cY¨wU AvR wek¦e¨vcx mgv`„Z|
2. wb‡Pi QKwPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| wKš‧ iwng mv‡ne ¯^bvgab¨ B cÖwZôv‡bi wKQz cÖv_wgK †kqvi µ‡qi
gva¨‡g cÖvq wbwð‡šÍ Rxebhvcb Ki‡Qb| Kvib B cÖwZôv‡bi
Askx`vi‡ì SzuwK Kg, ¯vwqZ¡ AwaK, mxgve× `vq Ges G Kviev‡ii
cÖwZ RbM‡Yi Av¯v AwaK _v‡K|
K. GbwRI Kx?
L. msMVb `„k¨gvb bq- welqwU eywS‡q †jL|
K. D‡`¨v³v †K? M. A cÖwZôvbwUi wZbwU Amyweav D‡jøL Ki|
L. GKK gvwjKvbv Kvievi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? N. AwaK Drcv`bkxjZv I Kg©ms¯vb m„wó‡Z A A‡cÿv B
M. DÏxc‡Ki QKwP‡Îi ‘X’ Øviv wb‡`©wkZ aviYvwU e¨vL¨v Ki| cÖwZôvbwU AwaK hyw³mn-e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. QKwP‡Îi ‘X’ Øviv wb‡`©wkZ aviYvi •ewkó¨mg~n m¤ú‡K© †Zvgvi 8. ‘M’ dvgv©wmDwUK¨vjm-Gi m`m¨ msL¨v AmsL¨| †Kv¤úvwb AvqZb
gZvgZ `vI| e„w× Kivi Rb¨ cÖwZôvbwU RbM‡Yi wbKU †_‡K g~jab msMÖn K‡i
3. Ges †kqvi‡nvìv‡ì evwl©K jf¨vsk cÖ`vb K‡i| cÖwZôvbwU †kqviI
n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨| Ab¨w`‡K ‘N’ ‡Kv¤úvwbi †kqvi‡nvìv‡ii msL¨v 10
Rb| Zvi ‡h․_fv‡e g~ja‡bi †hvMvb †`q Ges cvi¯úwiK
mn‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z cÖwZôvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib| Z‡e GKRb
†kqvi‡nvìv‡ii g„Zz¨‡Z cÖwZôvbwU eÜ n‡q hvq|
K. msMVb‡K ‘Captain of the Industry’ K‡i e‡j‡Qb?
K. ‘BRAC’ Gi c~Y©iƒc †jL|
L. NGO ej‡Z Kx †evS?
L. mgevq Kvievi †Kvb A‡_© GK gvwjKvbv Kvievi A‡cÿv DbœZ?
M. DÏxc‡Ki ? wPwýZ ¯v‡bi hv em‡e Zvi Kvh©vewj e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ ‘M’ †Kv¤úvwb †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb?
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ‘M’ Ges ‘N’ ‡Kv¤úvwbi cv_©K¨mg~n e¨vL¨v Ki|
217
9. wg. X Ges Zvi 10 Rb eÜz wg‡j Mv‡g©›Um eëmvq ïiæ Kij| N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K grm Lvgvi I KvU©b d¨v±wi G `ywU msMV‡bi
cÖ‡Z¨‡K wbw`©ó cwigvY g~jab cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Pzw³ g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki|
n‡jv Zvi †KD wb‡R †kqvi Ab¨ KvD‡K wewµ ev n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡e bv 12. wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K m`¨ cvm Kiv wg. ÔLÕ PvKwii cwie‡Z© GKwU eywUK
Ges cvi¯úwiK mn‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z cÖwZôvbwU cwiPvjbv Ki‡e; KviLvbv cÖwZôvb K‡ib| wZwb GKB eëmvq DcKiY msMÖn I †`Lv-
wKš‧ wg. X Zvi †kqvi Zvi eo fvB‡K wewµ K‡i †Ìqv‡Z Ab¨ ïbv K‡ib| G‡Z eëmvi DbœwZ nq Ges gybvdv AR©b K‡ib|
eÜziv miKvwi Aby‡gv`b wb‡q †Kv¤úvwb AvBb Abyhvqx cÖwZôvb‡K eëmvq m¤úªmvi‡Yi Rb¨ g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq| wZwb wbKU¯ GKwU
bZzbfv‡e wbeÜb Kij| Zviv cÖwZôv‡bi †kqvi wewµi gva¨‡g g~jab GbwRI n‡Z FY MÖnY K‡ib| GbwRIwU ÿz`ªFY cÖ`vb,
msMÖ‡ni wm×všÍ wbj| AvZ¥Kg©ms¯v‡b mnvqZv, bvixi ÿgZvqb BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
K. msMVb Kv‡K e‡j? f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| GiKg A‡bK GbwRI Avgv‡ì †`‡k MÖvgxY
L. mgevq †Kvb A‡_© GK gvwjKvbv Kvievi †_‡K c„_K? A_©bxwZi Dbœq‡b wewfbœ Kvh©µg MÖnY K‡i‡Q|
M. DÏxc‡Ki ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwU cÖ_g Ae¯vq †Kvb ai‡bi msMV‡bi K. Askx`vwi Kievi Kx?
mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©? e¨vL¨v Ki| L. mgevq Kvievi Kx A‡_© GK gvwjKvbv Kvievi A‡cÿ DbœZ?
N. cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯wZ‡Z M‡o IVv cÖwZôvbwU ‡Kvb ai‡bi msMVb M. DÏxc‡Ki wg. ÔLÕ Gi eywUK KviLvbv †Kvb ai‡bi Kvievi? e¨vL¨v
hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki| Ki|
10. AvgRv` I Avhv` `yRb Drcv`bKvix| AvgRv` Avhv`‡K ejj, N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki, evsjv‡`‡ki AvZ¥Kg©ms¯vb I bvixi ÿgZvq‡b
Avgvi cyuwR mvgvb¨| ZvB Drcv`b Kg| Z‡e Drcv`b cÖwµqvq Avwg GbwRI‡ì Kvh©µg h‡_ó? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|
`ªæZ wm×všÍ wb‡Z cvwi| evRvi m¤úªmviY Ki‡Z cviwQ bv| e¨vsKI GB Aa¨v‡qi (CQ) wfwWI K¬vm
ch©vß FY w`‡”Q bv| Rev‡e Avhv` ejj, Avgiv cÖPzi e¨vsK FY †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
cvB| evRv‡i †kqvi wewµ Kwi| Avgv‡ì Drcv`b LiPI Kg nq|
K. msMVb Kv‡K e‡j?
L. ÔDcv`bmg~‡ni g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab Kiv D‡`¨v³vi cÖavb KvRÕ
e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki wfwË‡Z AvgRv` I Avhv‡ì Kviev‡ii g‡a¨ wZbwU
cv_©K¨ †jL|
N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki, †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ AvgRv‡ì g‡Zv
bq eis Avhv‡ì g‡Zv Kviev‡ii we¯Í…wZ ìKvi? e¨vL¨v Ki|
11. AvjvDwÏb Zvi `k eÜz‡K wb‡q †¯^”Qvq, mgvbvwaKvi I mgvb
`vwq‡Z¡i wfwË‡Z GKwU grm¨ Lvgvi M‡o †Zv‡j| wKš‧ g~ja‡bi
¯^íZv,A`ÿ cwiPvjbv I gZwe‡iv‡ai Kvi‡Y G grm¨ Lvgvi 13. nvweev †eM‡gi wZbwU †g‡q| nVvr K‡i ¯^vgx gviv hvIqvq wZwb wec‡`
Avkvbyiƒc gybvdv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Ab¨w`‡K †ejvj I AvRMi c‡o GKwU ms¯v †_‡K FY wb‡q wb‡R GKwU Rvj ‣Zwii †gwkb wK‡b
Pzw³i wfwË‡Z ci¯ú‡ii Ici wek¦vm I Amxg `vq-`vwqZ¡ wb‡q GKwU wb‡Ri evwo‡Z Rvj •Zwi K‡i evRv‡i wewµ K‡i RxweKv wbev©n K‡ib|
KvU©b d¨v±wi cÖwZôv K‡ib| G‡Z †h g~jab nq Zv Pzw³ Abymv‡i D³ †emiKvwi ms¯vwU †`wk-we‡`wk wewfbœ Drm †_‡K A_© msMÖn K‡i
ewÈZ nq| `wi`ª‡ì mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K|
K. msMVb Kv‡K e‡j? K. ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôvb Kx?
L. ÔmsMVb Drcv`‡bi GKwU ¯^Zš¿ I Acwinvh© Dcvv`vbÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki| L. ÒmsMVK `„k¨gvb n‡jI msMVb A`„k¨gvbÓ-e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K grm¨ Lvgvi †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb Zv wPwýZ M. nvweev †eMg †Kvb ai‡bi ms¯v †_‡K FY wb‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
K‡i Ges •ewkó¨mg~n †jL| N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z ms¯v I Giƒc Ab¨vb¨ ms¯v¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki
Av_©mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b Kxfv‡e f~wgKv cvjb K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|

218
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-7g (Set-A)
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. wb‡Pi QKwPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| 2. wg. X Ges Zvi 10 Rb eÜz wg‡j Mv‡g©›Um eëmvq ïiæ Kij| cÖ‡Z¨‡K
wbw`©ó cwigvY g~jab cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Pzw³ n‡jv Zvi †KD
wb‡R †kqvi Ab¨ KvD‡K wewµ ev n¯ÍvšÍi Ki‡e bv Ges cvi¯úwiK
mn‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z cÖwZôvbwU cwiPvjbv Ki‡e; wKš‧ wg. X Zvi †kqvi
Zvi eo fvB‡K wewµ K‡i †Ìqv‡Z Ab¨ eÜziv miKvwi Aby‡gv`b wb‡q
†Kv¤úvwb AvBb Abyhvqx cÖwZôvb‡K bZzbfv‡e wbeÜb Kij| Zviv
K. D‡`¨v³v †K? 1 cÖwZôv‡bi †kqvi wewµi gva¨‡g g~jab msMÖ‡ni wm×všÍ wbj|
L. GKK gvwjKvbv Kvievi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 K. msMVb Kv‡K e‡j? 1
M. DÏxc‡Ki QKwP‡Îi ‘X’ Øviv wb‡`©wkZ aviYvwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 L. mgevq †Kvb A‡_© GK gvwjKvbv Kvievi †_‡K c„ _ K? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ewY©Z cÖwZôvbwU cÖ_g Ae¯vq †Kvb ai‡bi msMV‡bi
N. QKwP‡Îi ‘X’ Øviv wb‡`©wkZ aviYvi •ewkó¨mg~n m¤ú‡K© †Zvgvi mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y©? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
gZvgZ `vI| 4 N. cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯wZ‡Z M‡o IVv cÖwZôvbwU ‡Kvb ai‡bi msMVb
hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt
1| msMV‡bi mdjZv Kvi Dci wbf©i K‡i? M) K‡g© `„pZv N) ¯^vaxb‡PZv
K) `ÿ msMV‡Ki L) Drcv`bKvix 8| Askx`vwi eëmv‡qi Avwef©ve NUvq KviY-
M) kÖwg‡Ki N) wewb‡qvMKvix i) g~ja‡bi †hvMvb
2| GKwU cvewjK wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úwvb‡Z KZ Rb m`m¨ _v‡K? ii) e¨w³MZ mvg‡_©ï mxgve×Zvi Aemvb
K) 2 †_‡K 20 Rb L) 20 †_‡K 50 Rb iii) e„n`vqZb eëmv‡qi my‡hvM - myweav †fvM
M) 2 †_‡K AmsL¨ N) 7 †_‡K AmsL¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
3| NGO Gi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK? K) i I ii L) i I iii
K) FY cÖvwßi Rb¨ RvgvbZ cÖ‡qvRb M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
L) F‡Yi AcwiKwíZ eënv‡i msKU ev‡o 9| evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb mv‡ji †Kv¤úvwb AvBb cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q?
M) gwnjviv ¯^vej¤^x nIqvq eo cwievi MV‡b DrmvwnZ nq K) 1913 mv‡ji L) 1932 mv‡ji
N) cÖ`Ë FY me©`v Drcv`bkxj Kv‡R eënvi nq M) 1994 mv‡ji N) 2001 mv‡ji
DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 4 I 5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 10| jvjwdZvi †`․iv‡Z¥ï Aw¯ÍZ¡ †`Lv hvq †Kv_vq?
`xN© cÖevmRxeb KvwU‡q gvmyK wgqv †`‡k G‡m GKwU †cvwëª Lvgvi K) e¨w³gvwjKvbvaxb cÖwZôv‡b L) ivóªxq cÖwZôv‡b
M‡o †Zv‡j| G‡Z MÖv‡gi wKQz †eKvi hye‡Ki Kg©ms¯vb nq| Aí M) †emiKvwi cÖwZôv‡b N) mgevq cÖwZôv‡b
w`‡bi g‡a¨ gyiwMi ev”Pv Ges wWg wewµ K‡i gvmyK wgqv cÖPzi UvKv 11| NGO Gi hvÎv kiæ nq K‡e?
DcvR©b K‡i| K) 1941 mv‡j L) 1942 mv‡j
4| A_©bxwZi fvlvq gvmyK wgqv‡K wK ejv nq? M) 1944 mv‡j N) 1945 mv‡j
K) eëmvqx L) D‡`¨v³v M) kÖwgK N) we‡µZv 12| GbwRI Z`viwK K‡i †Kvb ms¯v?
5| gvmyK wgqvi KvR n‡jv- K) evwYR¨ gš¿Yvjq L) GbwRI ey¨‡iv
i) SzuwK enb M) gvB‡µv‡µwWU A_wiwU N) A_© gš¿Yvjq
ii) gybvdv AR©b 13| ‡Kvb Kviev‡ii ¯vwqZ¡ Kg?
ii) KvuPvgv‡ji †hvMvb †`qv K) miKvwi L) Askx`vwi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M) †h․_ N) Askx`vwi
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 14| Entrepreneur Gi evsjv cÖwZkã †KvbwU?
6| AvaywbK wk‡íi AwabvqK ‡K? K) msMVK L) msMVb
K) D‡`¨v³v L) f‚wg M) eë¯vcK N) gnveë¯vcK
N) kÖwgK N) g~jab 15| wKQz Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ f‚wg, kÖg I g~ja‡bi g‡a¨ mgš^q mva‡bi
7| Dcw¯wZ I m¤¢ve¨ cwiw¯wZ wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ GKRb msMV‡bi †Kvb KvR‡K wK ejv nq?
¸YwU _vKv ìKvi? K) msMVb L) D‡`¨v³v
K) eyw×gËv L) Zxeª AvKv•Lv M) msMVK N) eë¯vcK

219
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-7g (Set-B)
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. 2. SzuwK MÖnY, AwbðqZv, ZË¡veavb, DcKiY, wb‡qvM, cwiKíbv cÖYqb
I ev¯Íevqb, g~jab msMÖn I wb‡qvM, bZzb bZzb evRvi AbymÜvb,
c‡Yï ¸YMZ gvb wbqš¿Y meB D‡`¨v³vi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwq‡Z¡i Ask|
D‡`¨v³vi `ÿZvi IciB Kviev‡ii `ÿZv wbf©i K‡i| Gi e¨w³MZ
n‡j Kvievi c½y n‡Z cv‡i|
K. GKgvwjKvbv eëmvq Kv‡K e‡j? 1 K. †h․_ g~jabx Kvievi Kx? 1
L. NGO ej‡Z Kx †evS? 2 L. AvaywbK Drcv`b eëmvq D‡`¨v³v‡K ÔKviev‡ii cÖvYÕ ejv nq †Kb? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ? wPwýZ ¯v‡bi hv em‡e Zvi Kvh©vewj e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K GKRb `ÿ D‡`¨v³vi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kvh©vewji
N. DÏxc‡K ‘B’ KvieviwU Kx ai‡bi Kvievi? Gi myweav¸‡jv weeiY `vI| 3
we‡kølY Ki| 4 N. `ÿ D‡`¨v³v Qvov †Kb GKwU Kvievi mwVKfv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡Z
cv‡i bv? D`xc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K eY©bv `vI| 4
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt
1| cÖvB‡fU wjwg‡UW †Kv¤úvwbi m`m¨ msL¨v KZ Rb? 8| ‡Kvb A_©bxwZwe` e‡j‡Qb ‘Entrepreneur is Engine of
K) 2-50 L) 2-60 Economic Development’?
M) 2-70 N) 2-80 K) GWvg w¯§_ L) wiKv‡W©v
2| Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii me©wb¤œ m`m¨ msL¨v KZ? M) †KBÝ N) gvk©vj
K) 2 L) 3
9| 2 Rb †_‡K 20 m`m¨ _v‡K †Kvb Kviev‡i?
M) 4 N) 5
K) mgevq L) Askx`vwi
3| ‡Kvb Kviev‡ii mswÿß bvg Ô‡Kv¤úvwb?
M) miKvwi N) †h․_Kviev‡i
K) Askx`vwi Kvievi L) †h․_ g~jabx Kvievi
M) GKK gvwjKvbv Kvievi N) eû gvwjKvbv Kvievi 10| ‡h․_ g~jabx Kvievi KZ cÖKvi?
4| D‡`¨v³vi Kvhv©ewj n‡jv- K) 2 cÖKvi L) 3 cÖKvi
i) Drcv`‡bi cwiKíbv I bxwZ MÖnY M) 4 cÖKvi L) 5 cÖKvi
ii) Dcv`vb msMÖn I mgš^q mvab 11| ‡Kvb cÖwZôvb ¯^vqË¡kvmb †fvM K‡i?
iii) SzuwK enb I Avq e›Ub K) GKgvwjKvbv cÖwZôvb L) †h․_ cÖwZôvb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M) Askx`vwi cÖwZôvb N) ivóªvqvË¡ cÖwZôvb
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 12| mgevq Kviev‡ii g~jbxwZ wK?
5| D‡`¨v³v‡K Captain of the industry e‡j‡Qb †K? K) ¯^wbf©iZv I ¯^vqË¡kvmb L) e¨w³MZ gybvdv AR©b
K) cj.G. m¨vgy‡qjmb L) nvigvb †nbwiL M) A_©‣bwZK •elg¨ m„wó N) cvi®úwiK Amn‡hvwMZv
M) Gj.iwebmb N) G.gvk©vj 13| cÖwkKv AvbyôvwbKfv‡e K‡e cªwZwôZ nq?
DÏxcKwU co Ges 6 I 7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) 1972 L) 1973
wg. x Zvi wbR¯^ RvqMvq GKwU †cvjwUª Lvgvi M‡o †Zv‡jb| G‡Z M) 1976 N) 1978
gyiwMi ev”Pv I wWg wewµ K‡i wZwb cÖPzi UvKv AR©b K‡ib|
14| Ô‡KqviÕi Kvh©µg ïiæ nq KLb?
cvkvcvwk wKQz †eKvi hye‡Ki Kg©ms¯v‡biI my‡hvM nq|
K) 1945 mv‡j L) 1947 mv‡j
6| wg. Ôx' †K ejv nq-
M) 1949 mv‡j N) 1951 mv‡j
K) D‡`¨v³v L) eëmvqx
15| me©cÖ_g †Kv¤úvwb AvBb †Kv_vq cvm nq?
M) kÖwgK N) we‡µZv
7| wg. x Gi KvR n‡jv- K) weª‡U‡b L) d«v‡Ý
i) gybvdv AR©b ii) SzuwK enb iii) Rb Kj¨vY M) fvi‡Z N) hy³iv‡óª
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

220
m„Rbkxj As‡ki mv‡Rkb
cÖ‡qvMg~jK 1. ‡gvU LvRbv wbY©‡qi c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki|
2. ‡gvU LvRbv I wbg LvRbvi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki|
3. A_©‣bwZK LvRbvi ¯^iƒc e¨vL¨v Ki|
4. AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi aviYvwU e¨vL¨v Ki|
5. ‡gvU LvRbv I A_©‣bwZK LvRbv wbY©q c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki|
6. wbg LvRbvi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki|
7. LvRbvi AvaywbK ZË¡wU e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
D”PZi `ÿZvg~jK 1. LvRbvi D™¢‡ei KviY¸‡jv we‡kølY Ki|
2. ‡gvU LvRbv I wbU LvRbvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ we‡kølY K‡iv|
3. AbycvwR©Z Avq D™¢‡ei KviY¸‡jv we‡kølY Ki|
4. LvRbv wba©vi‡Yi AvaywbK ZË¡ we‡kølY K‡iv|
5. wiKv‡Wv©i LvRbv Z‡Ë¡ Kxfv‡e LvRbv wba©vwiZ nq we‡kølY K‡iv|
6. wbg LvRbv Ges †gvU LvRbvi m¤úK© we‡kølY Ki|
7. A_©‣bwZK LvRbv cwigvY wbY©q K‡i wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki|
8. LvRbv e„w×i KviY we‡kølY K‡iv|

 mxgve× ‡hvMvbwewkó cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` n‡Z gvbyl ‡h Avq cvq, Zv‡K LvRbv ejv nq|
 ‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v e‡jb, Òf~wgi Avw` I A¶q kw³ eënv‡ii Rb¨ Drcv`‡bi ‡h Ask f~wgi gvwjK‡K ‡Ìqv nq, Zv‡K LvRbv ejv nq|Ó
 LvRbvi ‣ewkó¨ |
 Aw¯wZ¯vcK ‡hvMvb ‡_‡K LvRbvi DrcwË nq|
 ¯^í‡gqvw` I `xN©‡gqvw` Dfq mgqB LvRbvi m„wó n‡q _v‡K |
 LvRbv GK ai‡bi DØ…Ë ev AwZwi³ Avq |
cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` eënv‡ii Rb¨ cÖK…Z LvRbv Ges gbyl¨ ‣Zwi m¤ú‡ì eënv‡ii Rb¨ wbg LvRbvi DrcwË nq |
 LvRbv Drcv`b ev e¨‡qi Ask bq|
 cÖvK…wZK I Ae¯vbMZ Kvi‡Y LvRbvi cv_©K¨ NU‡Z cv‡i|
 LvRbv ‡Kb ‡Ìqv nq?
 f~wgi ‡hvMvb mxgve× :  f~wgi De©iZvi cv_©K¨ :

 f~wgi Ae¯’vbMZ cv_©K¨  DcKi‡Yi weKí e¨envi  µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai Kvh©KvwiZv
221
 wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ welqwU e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv-

 ‡gvU LvRbv I wbU LvRbv: LvRbv `yB cÖKvi| h_v- K. ‡gvU LvRbv I L. wbU LvRbv|
 ‡gvU LvRbv: ‡Kv‡bv f~wg ev evwo eënv‡ii Rb¨ eënviKvix GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q f~wg ev evwoi gvwjK‡K ‡h cwigvY wbw`©ó A_© cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K,
Zv‡K ‡gvU LvRbv e‡j| ‡gvU LvRbv = Rwgi weï× LvRbv + g~ja‡bi my` + kÖwg‡Ki gRywi + gvwjK KZ©…K miKvi‡K cÖ`Ë Ki + msMV‡Ki SyuwK
en‡bi Rb¨ gybvdv |
 wbU LvRbv: ‡gvU LvRbv n‡Z g~ja‡bi my`, evwo I ZË¡veav‡bi wbwg‡Ë gRywi Ges SyuwK MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ gybvdv ev` w`‡q ‡h A_© cÖ`vb Kiv nq,
Zv‡K wbU LvRbv ev A_©‣bwZK LvRbv ejv nq| wbU LvRbvi g‡a¨ ‡gvU LvRbvi g‡Zv wewfbœ Dcv`vb wgwkÖZ _v‡K bv| ‡Kej f~wg eënvi eve` ‡h
A_© cÖ`vb Kiv nq, ZvB wbU LvRbv | wbU LvRbv = ‡gvU LvRbv -(g~ja‡bi my` + kÖwg‡Ki gRywi + gvwjK KZ©…K miKvi‡K cÖ`Ë Ki + msMV‡Ki
SyuwK en‡bi Rb¨ gybvdv|)
 ‡gvU LvRbv I wbU LvRbvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wb‡P ‡Ìqv n‡jv-
‡gvU LvRbv wbU LvRbv
‡Kv‡bv f‚wg ev evwo eënv‡ii Rb¨ eënviKvix GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q ‡gvU LvRbv †_‡K g~ja‡bi Rb¨ †Ìqv my`, †`Lv‡kvbvi Rb¨ LiP
f‚wg ev evwoi gvwjK‡K †h cwigvY wbw`©ó A_© cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡K †gvU Ges SzuwK en‡bi gybvdv ev` w`‡j ïay f‚wg eënvi eve` Rwgi
LvRbv e‡j| gvwjK‡K †h A_© cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zv‡K wbU LvRbv e‡j|
‡gvU LvRbv= wbU LvRbv + (g~ja‡bi my` + kÖwg‡Ki gRywi + Ki wbU LvRbv = ‡gvU LvRbv + kÖwg‡Ki gRywi + Ki + msMV‡bi
+ msMV‡bi gybvdv)| gybvdv)|
‡gvU LvRbvi AvIZv I cwiwa e„nr | wbU LvRbvi AvIZv I cwiwa ¶y`ª|
‡gvU LvRbv cwigvc Kiv mnR| wbU LvRbv cwigvc Kiv Zyjbvg~jK KwVb
‡gvU LvRbvi g‡a¨ wbU LvRbv we`¨gvb | wbU LvRbvi g‡a¨ ‡gvU LvRbv we`¨gvb bq |

 LvRbv wba©vi‡Yi `ywU ZË¡ we`¨vgvb| h_v- wiKv‡W©vi LvRbv ZË¡ I  LvRbvi AvaywbK ZË¡|
 wiKv‡W©vi LvRbv ZË¡| K¬vwmK¨vj A_©bxwZwe` ‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v Ebwesk kZvãxi cÖ_gw`‡K LvRbv m¤ú‡K© ‡h ZË¡ cÖ`vb K‡ib ZvB wiKv‡W©vi LvRbv
ZË¡ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 g~j e³e¨ : wiKv‡W©v Zvi LvRbv Z‡Ë¡ e‡jb, ÒLvRbv n‡jv Rwgi Drcv`‡bi ‡mB Ask hv Rwgi Avw` I Awebk¦i kw³ e¨env‡ii Rb¨ Rwgi
gvwjK‡K ‡`Iqv nq|Ó
 AbywgZ kZ© :
 Rwgi ‡hvMvb mxwgZ|  µgn«vmgvb Drcv`b wewa Kvh©Ki|  mgv‡R c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv we`¨gvb|
 Rwgi ‡g․wjK I Awebk¦i ¶gZv i‡q‡Q |  f~wgi Drcv`b e¨q ‡bB|  Rwgi De©iZv kw³i cv_©K¨

222
ZvwjKv :
GKKcÖwZ GKKcÖwZ Drcv`‡bi Drcv`b
Rwgi LvRbv
Drcv`‡bi `vg evRvi g~j¨
e¨q(UvKv) (UvKv)
cwigvY (GKK) (UvKv) (UvKv)
1g 6 500 3000 1000 2000
2q 4 500 2000 1000 1000
3q 2 500 1000 1000 00

 AvaywbK LvRbv ZË¡ : A_©bxwZwe` iwebmb e‡jb, Ò‡Kv‡bv Dcv`vb‡K ‡h b~¨bZg `v‡g ev cvwikÖwg‡K Kv‡R wbhy³ Kiv‡bv hvq Zv A‡c¶v ‡h DØ…Ë
cvwikÖwgK cvq Zv‡K LvRbv e‡j|Ó
 AvaywbK LvRbv Z‡Ë¡i kZv©ewj :

 ‡iLvwP‡Î e¨vL¨v: AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z f‚wgi LvRbv Zvi Pvwn`v I †hvMvb Øviv wba©vwiZ nq| ‡iLvwP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ AvaywbK LvRbv ZË¡wU e¨vL¨v Kiv
n‡jv-

 AbycvwR©Z Avq : ÒRwgi gvwjK webv cwikÖ‡g evowZ ‡Kv‡bv e¨q bv K‡i Rwg ‡_‡K AwZwi³ ‡h Avq cvq Zv‡K AbycvwR©Z Avq e‡j|Ó
AbycvwR©Z Avq m„wói KviY :
 ‡Kv‡bv GjvKvq wkíKviLvbv ¯vcb Kiv n‡j Rwgi g~j¨ e„w× ‡c‡Z cv‡i |
 RbmsL¨vi cwigvY e„w× ‡c‡j Avevmb e„w×i cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| d‡j Rwgi g~j¨ e„w× cvq |
 gnvmoK ev iv¯ÍvNvU Dbœq‡bi d‡jI Rwgi g~j¨ e„w× cvq|
 bMivqb ev bZyb kni ¯vcb n‡j AvaywbKZvi cÖ‡qvR‡b A‡bK wKQyB cwieZ©b Ki‡Z nq| d‡j Rwgi g~j¨ e„w× cvq|

 wbg LvRbv: Aa¨vcK Avj‡d«W gvk©vj me©cÖ_g A_©bxwZ‡Z Ôwbg LvRbv' ev ÔDc-LvRbv' aviYvwU cÖeZ©b K‡ib| Aa¨vcK gvk©v‡ji g‡Z, Ò¯^í‡gqv‡`
mxgve× ‡hvMvbwewkó gbyl¨m„ó KjKviLvbvi hš¿cvwZ I Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY ‡_‡K AwR©Z Avq‡K wbg LvRbv ejv nq|Ó

223
wbg LvRbv = ‡gvU Avq (TR)- ‡gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q (TVC)| = TR – TVC
A_ev, wbg LvRbv Gfv‡eI cÖKvk Kiv hvq :
wbg LvRbv = Mo Avq (AR) -Mo cwieZ©bxq e¨q (AVC) = Mo w¯i e¨q (AFC) + AwZwi³ Avq|

Ávbg~jK cÖkœ I DËi DËi: †hvMvb `v‡gi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv LvRbv we`¨gvb _v‡K bv|
cÖkœ: wbg LvRbv Kx? cÖkœ: D×…Ë Kv‡K e‡j?
DËi: gvby‡li m„ó Drcv`‡bi DcKiY n‡Z ¯^íKv‡j †h AwZwi³ Avq DËi: hw` †Kv‡bv Dcv`vb †hvMvb `v‡gi AwZwi³ cvwikÖwgK †bq Z‡e
cvIqv hvq Zv‡KB wbg LvRbv e‡j| Zv‡K D×…Ë e‡j|
cÖkœ: A_©bxwZ‡Z LvRbv Kx? cÖkœ: †Kb f‚wgi gvwjK‡K LvRbv w`‡Z nq?
DËi: Rwg eënv‡ii Rb¨ †h A_© Zvi gvwjK‡K †Ìqv nq A_©bxwZ‡Z DËi: f‚wgi Pvwn`v Gi †hvMvb A‡cÿv †ewk e‡jB f‚wgi gvwjK‡K LvRbv
ZvB LvRbv| w`‡Z nq|
cÖkœ: AbycvwR©Z Avq Kx? cÖkœ: †gvU LvRbv Kx?
DËi: f~wgi gvwj‡Ki wbR¯^ kÖg ev wewb‡qvM e¨ZxZ f~wgi g~j¨ e„w×i d‡j DËi: †Kv‡bv f~wg ev evwo eënv‡ii Rb¨ eënviKvix GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q
gvwj‡Ki †h AwZwi³ Avq nq ZvB AbycvwR©Z Avq| f‚wg ev evwoi gvwjK‡K †h cwigvY wbw`©ó A_© cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K Zv‡K ‡gvU
cÖkœ: †gvU LvRbvi m~ÎwU ‡jL? LvRbv e‡j|
DËi: †gvU LvRbv= Rwgi weï× LvRbv+ g~jab wb‡qvM eve` my` + cÖkœ: DcLvRbv ev AvavLvRbv ejv nq Kv‡K?
cÖvwß‡hvM¨ gRywi + gvwjK KZ…©K miKvi‡K cÖ`Ë Ki+ SuywK MÖn‡bi Rb¨ DËi: wbg LvRbv‡K DcLvRbv ev AvavLvRbv e‡j|
gybvdv| cÖkœ: wiKv‡W©v †Kvb hyw³wU mev©s‡k mZ¨ bq?
cÖkœ: wbU LvRbv Kx? DËi: LvRbv `v‡gi AšÍfz©³ bq, wiKv‡Wv©i G hyw³wU mev©s‡k mZ¨ bq|
DËi: †gvU LvRbv n‡Z g~ja‡bi my`, evwo I ZË¡veav‡bi wbwg‡Ë gRywi I cÖkœ: LvRbv Z‡Ë¡i RbK Kv‡K ejv nq?
SuywK MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ gybvdv ev` w`‡q †h A_© cÖ`vb Kiv nq, Zv‡K wbU DËi: †WwfW wiKv‡W©v‡K LvRbv Z‡Ë¡i RbK ejv nq|
LvRbv e‡j| cÖkœ: Pzw³e× LvRbv Kv‡K e‡j?
cÖkœ: LvRbv Kv‡K e‡j? DËi: LvRbv f~wg ev evwoi gvwjK I eënviKvix‡ì m‡½ c~e© Pzw³ g‡Zv
DËi: f‚wg eënv‡ii Rb¨ f‚wgi gvwjK‡K †h A_© cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq Zv‡K w¯i Kiv nq e‡j G‡K Pzw³e× LvRbv e‡j|
LvRbv e‡j| cÖkœ: K¬vwmK¨vj A_©bxwZwe`‡ì g‡Z, LvRbv †Kvb †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨?
cÖkœ: wbU LvRbv Kv‡K e‡j? DËi: K¬vwmK¨vj A_©bxwZwe`‡ì g‡Z, LvRbv †Kej f‚wgi †ÿ‡ÎB cÖ‡hvR¨|
DËi: ‡gvU LvRbv n‡Z g~ja‡bi my`, evwo I ZË¡veav‡bi wbwg‡Ë gRywi I cÖkœ: AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe`‡ì g‡Z, LvRbv †Kvb †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨?
SuywK MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ gybvdv ev` w`‡q †h A_© cÖ`vb Kiv nq, Zv‡K wbU DËi: AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe`‡ì g‡Z, LvRbv Drcv`‡bi mKj DcKi‡Yi
LvRbv ev A_©‣bwZK LvRbv ejv nq| †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨|
cÖkœ: wbg LvRbvi m~ÎwU †jL? cÖkœ: wbU LvRbvi Aci bvg Kx?
DËi: m~Î: wbg LvRbv = †gvU Avq (TR) - ‡gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q (TVC)| DËi: wbU LvRbvi Aci bvg n‡jv- A_©‣bwZK LvRbv|
cÖkœ: †hvMvb `vg Kx? cÖkœ: GK GKi f~wgi Rb¨ Drcv`bKvix KZ LvRbv w`‡e Zv Kxfv‡e
DËi: †h cvwikÖwgK bv w`‡j †Kv‡bv Dcv`v‡bi †hvMvb nq bv , Zv‡K wba©vwiZ nq?
†hvMvb `vg e‡j| DËi: GK GKi f~wgi Rb¨ Drcv`bKvix KZ LvRbv w`‡e Zv †mB f‚wgi
cÖkœ: †hvMvb `v‡gi g‡a¨ LvRbv we`¨gvb _v‡K? cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b Øviv wba©vwiZ nq|
224
cÖkœ: cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b e„w× ‡c‡j Pvwn`v †iLv †Kgb nq? cÖkœ 6| f~wgi ‡hvMvb m¤ú~Y© Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK e¨vL¨v Ki |
DËi: cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b e„w× †c‡j Pvwn`v †iLv DaŸ©Mvgx A_©vr Dc‡i ¯vb DËi : Aw¯wZ¯vcK ‡hvMvb n‡jv, ‡h DcKi‡Yi ‡hvMvb e„w× cvq
cwieZ©b K‡i| bv| cÖK…wZ‡Z f~wgi ‡hvMvb mxgve× A_©vr hv ‡_‡K Avi evov‡bv hvq
cÖkœ: cÖvwšÍK Rwg Kv‡K e‡j? bv| G‡¶‡Î `v‡gi hZB cwieZ©b ‡nvK bv ‡Kb Ges ‡hvMvb
DËi: †h Rwg eënv‡ii Rb¨ ïay †hvMvb `vg w`‡Z nq Ges †h Rwgi AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e|
Drcv`b ïay †hvMvb `v‡gi mgvb nq Zv‡K cÖvwšÍK Rwg e‡j| AZGe f~wg Drcv`‡bi Ggb GKwU Dcv`vb hvi Pvwn`v hZB e„w×
cÖkœ: †WwfW wiKv‡W©vi g‡Z, Rwgi Kx ¸Yvewj i‡q‡Q? cvK bv ‡Kb ‡hvMvb e„w× Kiv hvq bv | myZivs ejv hvq, f~wgi
DËi: †WwfW wiK©v‡Wvi g‡Z, Rwgi †g․wjK I Awebk¦i ¸Yvewj i‡q‡Q| ‡hvMvb m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK |
cÖkœ: Drcv`‡bi †Kvb DcKi‡Y µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa `ªæZ cÖkœ 7| LvRbv `vg‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i wK? DË‡ii mc‡¶ hyw³ `vI |
Kvh©Ki nq? DËi : bv, LvRbv `vg‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i bv| LvRbv ‡Ìqvi Kvi‡Y
DËi: Rwgi µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa `ªæZ Kvh©Ki nq| dm‡ji `vg ev‡o bv eis dm‡ji `vg e„w×i d‡jB LvRbvi D™¢e
cÖkœ: km¨ evRv‡i cÖwZ‡hvwMZv †Kgb n‡e? nq| ‡hgb- RbmsL¨v e„w×i d‡j dm‡ji `vg evo‡j DrK…ó Rwgi
DËi: km¨ evRv‡i c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZv n‡e| LvRbv ev‡o| G‡¶‡Î LvRbv ‡Ìqv n‡q‡Q e‡j dm‡ji `vg ‡ewk
cÖkœ: RbmsL¨v n«vm †c‡j LvRbv †Kgb n‡e? Ggb bq eis dm‡ji `vg ‡ewk e‡jB LvRbv ‡Ìqv nq| myZivs
DËi: RbmsL¨v n«vm †c‡j LvRbvI n«vm cvq| LvRbv `vg‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i bv|
cÖkœ: f‚wgi †hvMvb Aw¯wZ¯vcK nIqvq Lv`¨k‡mï †hvMvb †Kgb n‡q _v‡K? cÖkœ 8| LvRbv wK `v‡gi AšÍf©y³?
DËi: f‚wgi †hvMvb Aw¯wZ¯vcK nIqvq Lv`¨k‡mï †hvMvb AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K| DËi : LvRbv `v‡gi AšÍf©y³ wKbv Zv wbf©i K‡i ‡Kvb `…wó‡KvY ‡_‡K
cÖkœ: LvRbv I RbmsL¨vi g‡a¨ m¤úK© Kxiƒc? ‡`Lv n‡”Q Zvi Ici| hw` mvgwMÖK A_©bxwZi `…wó‡KvY ‡_‡K ‡`Lv nq
DËi: LvRbv I RbmsL¨vi g‡a¨ m¤úK© abvZ¥K| Z‡e Rwgi ‡hvMvb wn‡m‡e LvRbv Drcv`b e¨‡qi Ask bq eis GwU
Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ I DËi: `v‡gi Ask| ZLb GwU GKwU DØ…Ë| Ab¨w`‡K, GKwU cÖwZôvb ev
cÖkœ 1| Òf~wg Drcv`‡bi GKwU Aw¯’wZ¯’vcK Dcv`vbÓ- e¨vL¨v `vI ৷ dv‡g©i `…wó‡KvY ‡_‡K ‡`L‡j (e¨wóK A_©bxwZ) LvRbv Drcv`b e¨‡qi
DËi : f~wg Drcv`‡bi GKwU Aw¯wZ¯vcK Dcv`vb | Aw¯wZ¯vcK Ask Ges G‡¶‡Î `v‡gi AšÍf©y³ n‡e| A_©vr, GwU wbf©i K‡i ‡Kvb
‡hvMvb n‡jv ‡h DcKi‡Yi ‡hvMvb e„w× cvq bv| d‡j Pvwn`v evo‡j `…wó‡KvY ‡_‡K welqwU ‡`Lv n‡”Q Zvi Ici |
Gi ‡hvMvb e„w× bv cvIqvq Gi ‡hvMvb Aw¯wZ¯vcK nq| cÖK…wZ‡Z cÖkœ 9| LvRbv `vg Øviv cÖfvweZ nq- e¨vL¨v Ki|
gvby‡li eënvi Dc‡hvMx ‡Kv‡bv Dcv`v‡bi ‡hvMvb Aw¯wZ¯vcK n‡j DËi : AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe`‡ì g‡Z, LvRbv `v‡giB GKwU Ask|
Zvi LvRbv w`‡Z nq| Avi Drcv`‡bi ‡¶‡Î f~wg Qvov Drcv`b m¤¢e KviY GKLÐ Rwg eënv‡ii Rb¨ Zvi gvwjK‡K Aek¨B LvRbv w`‡Z
bq| ZvB Aw¯wZ¯vcK G f~wgi ‡¶‡Î LvRbv enb Ki‡Z nq| nq| ‡mRb¨ LvRbv‡K Drcv`b e¨‡qi mv‡_ a‡i dm‡ji `vg wbe©vPb
cÖkœ 2| RbmsL¨v e„w× Kxfv‡e AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi m„wó Ki‡e? Kiv nq| G‡¶‡Î LvRbv `v‡gi AšÍf©y³ nq Ges Zv `vg‡K cÖfvweZ
DËi : mvaviYZ A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb ev ‡Kv‡bv GjvKvq ev kn‡i K‡i| ZvB ejv nq, LvRbv `vg Øviv cÖfvweZ nq wKš‧ `vg LvRbv
RbmsL¨v e„w× ‡c‡j AwZwi³ wkí-KjKviLvbv, iv¯ÍvNvU, bvjv-b`©gv, Øviv cÖfvweZ nq bv |
‣e`yy¨wZK eë¯v cÖf…wZi DbœwZ n‡j ‡mLvbKvi Rwgi LvRbv ‡e‡o cÖkœ 10| Ae¯’vbMZ cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y ‡Kb LvRbv ‡Ìqv nq?
hvq| d‡j Gme Rwgi gvwjKMY AwZwi³ Avq ‡fvM K‡i| wKš‧ G DËi : LvRbvi DrcwË I D™¢e m¤ú‡K© A_©bxwZwe`‡ì g‡a¨ wewfbœ
ewa©Z Av‡qi Rb¨ gvwjK‡K A_© e¨q ev cwikÖg Ki‡Z nqwb| G ewa©Z gZ i‡q‡Q| LvRbvi DrcwË I LvRbv cÖ`v‡bi KviY m¤ú‡K©
Avq‡K AbycvwR©Z Avq e‡j| Gfv‡e AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi D™¢e nq| gZcv_©K¨ _vK‡jI KZK¸‡jv KviY‡K mywbw`©ó Kiv hvq| Gi g‡a¨
cÖkœ 3| LvRbv I `v‡gi m¤úK© ‡jL| Ae¯vbMZ cv_©K¨ Ab¨Zg| Rwgi Ae¯vbMZ cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y Kvg¨
DËi : LvRbv I `v‡gi m¤úK© Kx Z_v ‡Kvb A‡_© LvRbv‡K `vg Rwg eënviKvix‡K LvRbv w`‡Z nq| `~ieZ©x Rwg A‡c¶v kni I
wba©viYKvix bv e‡j `vg Øviv wba©vwiZ ejv n‡q _v‡K Z_v LvRbv evRv‡ii wbKUeZ©x Rwg eënviKvixi wbKU Pvwn`v ‡ewk| d‡j G
`v‡gi AšÍf©y³ wKbv G wb‡q A_©bxwZwe`‡ì g‡a¨ gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| ai‡bi Rwgi LvRbvI AwaK cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq|
A_©bxwZwe` ‡WwfW wiKv‡W©vi g‡Z, ÒLvRbv `v‡gi AšÍf©y³ bq|Ó cÖkœ 11| Rwg‡Z µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai Kvh©KvwiZvi ìæb
Aa¨vcK cj. G. m¨vgy‡qjmb e‡jb, ÒLvRbv `v‡gi AšÍf©y³ bqÓ- LvRbvi D™¢e nq- e¨vL¨v Ki|
Dw³wU wec¾bK Dw³| KviY `vg wba©vi‡Y LvRbvi f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| DËi : Rwg‡Z µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai Kvh©KvwiZvi ìæb
Z‡e AvaywbK A_©bxwZweìv wiKv‡W©vi mv‡_ GKgZ n‡q‡Qb ‡h, LvRbvi D™¢e nq| KviY GKB cwigvY Rwg‡Z µgvMZ GKB nv‡i,
LvRbv `vg wba©viY K‡i bv; eis `vg Øviv wba©vwiZ nq| kÖg I g~jab wb‡qvM Ki‡j cÖ_‡g Drcv`‡bi cwigvY evo‡jI c‡i
cÖkœ 4| LvRbv ‡Kb ‡Ìqv nq? Zv µgk Kg‡Z _v‡K| Ab¨K_vq, Rwg‡Z Drcv`‡bi ‡ejvq
DËi : LvRbv ‡Ìqvi cÖavb KviY Rwgi ‡hvMv‡bi mxgve×Zv| µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa Kvh©Ki nq| Rwg‡Z DcKiY
GQvov Rwgi De©iZv cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y LvRbvi D™¢e nq| Rwgi ‡¶‡Î wb‡qv‡Mi Zyjbvq cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b µgk n«vm ‡c‡j GK ch©v‡q
j¶ Kiv hvq ‡Kv‡bv Rwg ‡ewk De©i Avevi ‡Kv‡bv Rwg Kg De©i| cÖvwšÍK e¨q I cÖvwšÍK Avq ci¯úi mgvb nq| ZLb kÖg I g~ja‡bi
A‡c¶vK…Z ‡ewk De©i Rwgi LvRbvI ‡ewk nq| Avevi Rwgi cÖvwšÍK GK‡Ki Drcv`‡bi cv_©K¨ LvRbv wn‡m‡e ‡Ìqv nq| myZivs
Ae¯vbMZ cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y LvRbvi D™¢e N‡U| ZvQvov µgn«vmgvb ejv hvq, Rwg‡Z µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai Kvh©KvwiZvi
cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai Kvh©KvwiZvi Rb¨ LvRbv ‡Ìqv hvq| Avi ìæb LvRbvi D™¢e nq|
Gme Kvi‡Y LvRbv ‡Ìqv nq | cÖkœ 12| LvRbv I wbg LvRbvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx?
cÖkœ 5| AbycvwR©Z Avq Kxfv‡e D™¢e nq? DËi : LvRbv I wbg LvRbvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ n‡jv- f~wg Ges Ab¨vb¨
DËi : mvaviYZ A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb ev ‡Kv‡bv GjvKvq ev kn‡i cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` ‡_‡K LvRbvi D™¢e nq| c¶všÍ‡i, gvby‡li ‣Zwi
RbmsL¨v e„w× ‡c‡j AwZwi³ wkí-KjKviLvbv, iv¯ÍvNvU, bvjvb`©gv, g~jab ‡_‡K wbg LvRbvi D™¢e nq, Avevi ¯^íKv‡j Ges `xN©Kv‡j
‣e`y¨wZK eë¯v cÖf…wZi DbœwZ n‡j ‡mLvbKvi Rwgi LvRbv ‡e‡o Dfq ‡gqv‡ì Rb¨ LvRbvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ _v‡K| c¶všÍ‡i, ¯^íKv‡j wbg
hvq| d‡j Gme Rwgi gvwjKMY AwZwi³ Avq ‡fvM K‡i| wKš‧ G LvRbvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ _v‡K wKš‧ `xN©Kv‡j wbg LvRbvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ _v‡K bv|
ewa©Z Av‡qi Rb¨ gvwjK‡K A_© e¨q ev cwikÖg Ki‡Z nqwb| G ewa©Z 13| LvRbv ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki |
Avq‡K AbycvwR©Z Avq e‡j| Gfv‡e AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi D™¢e nq|
225
DËi : mvaviYZ LvRbv ej‡Z A‡bï Rwg, evwo, Mvwo cÖf…wZ DËi: cÖL¨vZ Bs‡iR A_©bxwZwe` †WwfW wiKv‡W©v Dbwesk kZvãxi
Drcv`b Kv‡R eënvi Kivi Rb¨ Gi gvwjK‡K ‡h A_© ‡Ìqv nq, cÖ_gw`‡K LvRbv m¤ú‡K© GKwU ZË¡ cÖKvk K‡ib| Zvi bvg Abymv‡i G
Zv‡K ‡evSvq| wKš‧ A_©bxwZ‡Z LvRbv wfbœ A‡_© eëüZ nq| ZË¡wU‡K wiKv‡W©vi LvRbv ZË¡ ejv nq| G Z‡Ë¡ wZwb LvRbvi A_©,
mxgve× ‡hvMvbwewkó cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` n‡Z gvbyl ‡h Avq cvq, Zv‡K DrcwËi KviY I Gi cwigvY wba©viY m¤úwK©Z wel‡q gZvgZ e¨³
LvRbv ejv nq| Avgv‡ì ‡`‡k ÔLvRbv' k‡ãi Av‡iKwU eënvi K‡ib| wiKv‡W©vi g‡Z, LvRbv n‡jv- Drcv`‡bi †mB Ask hv f~wgi
Av‡Q, ‡hgb- Rwgi LvRbv| Rwg eënv‡ii Rb¨ Rwgi gvwjK‡K ‡h ‡g․wjK I Awebk¦i ÿgZv eënv‡ii Rb¨ Zvi gvwjK‡K †`qv nq| Giƒc
A_© ‡Ìqv nq, Zv‡K LvRbv e‡j| Gi KviY n‡jv ‡hme `ª‡eï ÿgZvi Rb¨ f‚wg n‡Z D×„Ë Avq cvIqv hvq| G D×…Ë AvqB n‡jv
‡hvMvb mxwgZ, ‡hme `ª‡eï eënv‡ii Rb¨ ‡hvMvb `v‡gi AwZwi³ LvRbv|
cvwikÖwgK ‡Ìqv n‡j, Zv‡K LvRbv e‡j | cÖkœ 21| LvRbvi AvaywbK ZË¡ e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 14 | ‡gvU LvRbv aviYvwU e¨vL¨v Ki | DËi: AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe`‡ì g‡Z, LvRbv GKwU Dcv`v‡bi `vg|
DËi : ‡Kv‡bv evwo, Mvwo eënv‡ii Rb¨ cÖRv ev fvovwUqv Zvi myZivs Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`v‡bi `vg †hfv‡e Pvwn`v I †hvMvb Øviv wbav©wiZ
gvwjK‡K ‡h A_© cÖ`vb K‡i Zv‡K ‡gvU LvRbv e‡j| GKwU Pyw³ n‡q _v‡K †mfv‡e Rwgi Pvwn`v I †hvMvb Øviv LvRbv wbav©wiZ n‡e|
Abyhvqx fvovwUqv gvwjK‡K LvRbvi A_© cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K e‡j G AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe`MY g‡b K‡ib †h, ¯^íKv‡j ïay Rwgi †hvMvbB
LvRbv‡K Pyw³e× LvRbvI ejv nq| ‡gvU LvRbvi g‡a¨ f~wgi bq, eis Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`v‡bi †hvMvbI Aw¯wZ¯vcK| Avevi `xN©Kv‡j
eënv‡ii Rb¨ ‡`qv A_©, gvwj‡Ki g~ja‡bi my`, ‡`Lv‡kvbvi LiP, Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`v‡bi g‡Zv Rwgi †hvMvbI wKQzUv w¯wZ¯vcK|
SyuwK en‡bi gybvdv cÖf…wZ AšÍf©y³ _v‡K| d‡j ‡gvU LvRbvi g‡a¨ cÖkœ 22| LvRbv I `v‡gi m¤úK© †jL|
wewfbœ Dcv`vb wgwkÖZ _v‡K | DËi: LvRbv I `v‡gi m¤úK© Kx Z_v †Kvb A‡_© LvRbv‡K `vg
cÖkœ 15| wiKv‡W©vi LvRbv ZË¡wU e¨vL¨v Ki| wba©viYKvix bv e‡j `vg Øviv wbav©wiZ ejv n‡q _v‡K Z_v LvRbv
DËi : cÖL¨vZ Bs‡iR A_©bxwZwe` ‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v Dbwesk kZvãxi `v‡gi AšÍf©y³ wKbv G wb‡q A_©bxwZwe`‡ì g‡a¨ gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q|
cÖ_gw`‡K LvRbv m¤ú‡K© GKwU ZË¡ cÖKvk K‡ib| Zvi bvg Abymv‡i A_©bxwZwe` †WwfW wiKv‡W©vi g‡Z, ÒLvRbv `v‡gi AšÍf©y³ bq|Ó
G ZË¡wU‡K wiKv‡W©vi LvRbv ZË¡ ejv nq| G Z‡Ë¡ wZwb LvRbvi A_©, Aa¨vcK cj. G. m¨vgy‡qjmb e‡jb, ÒLvRbv `v‡gi AšÍf©y³ bqÓ-
DrcwËi KviY I Gi cwigvY wba©viY m¤úwK©Z wel‡q gZvgZ e¨³ GwU wec¾bK Dw³| KviY `vg wbav©i‡Y LvRbvi f‚wgKv i‡q‡Q| Z‡e
K‡ib| wiKv‡W©vi g‡Z, LvRbv n‡jv- Drcv`‡bi ‡mB Ask hv f~wgi AvaywbK A_©bxwZweìv wiKv‡W©vi mv‡_ GKgZ n‡q‡Qb ‡h, LvRbv
‡g․wjK I Awebk¦i ¶gZv eënv‡ii Rb¨ Zvi gvwjK‡K ‡`qv nq| `vg wba©viY K‡i bv; eis `vg Øviv wba©vwiZ nq|
Giƒc ¶gZvi Rb¨ f~wg n‡Z DØ…Ë Avq cvIqv hvq| G DØ…Ë AvqB cÖkœ 23| LvRbv `vg‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i wK? DË‡ii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI|
n‡jv LvRbv | DËi: bv, LvRbv `vg‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i bv| LvRbv †Ìqvi Kvi‡Y
cÖkœ 16| LvRbvi AvaywbK ZË¡ e¨vL¨v Ki| dm‡ji `vg ev‡o bv eis dm‡ji `vg e„w×i d‡jB LvRbvi D™¢e
DËi : AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe`‡ì g‡Z, LvRbv GKwU Dcv`v‡bi `vg| nq| †hgb- RbmsL¨v e„w×i d‡j dm‡ji `vg evo‡j DrK„ó Rwgi
myZivs Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`v‡bi `vg ‡hfv‡e Pvwn`v I ‡hvMvb Øviv wba©vwiZ LvRbv ev‡o| G‡ÿ‡Î LvRbv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q e‡j dm‡ji `vg †ewk
n‡q _v‡K ‡mfv‡e Rwgi Pvwn`v I ‡hvMvb Øviv LvRbv wba©vwiZ n‡e| Ggb bq eis dm‡ji `vg †ewk e‡jB LvRbv †Ìqv nq| myZivs
AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe`MY g‡b K‡ib ‡h, ¯^íKv‡j ïay Rwgi ‡hvMvbB LvRbv `vg‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i bv|
bq, eis Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`v‡bi ‡hvMvbI Aw¯wZ¯vcK| Avevi `xN©Kv‡j cÖkœ 24| LvRbv wK `v‡gi AšÍf©y³?
DËi: LvRbv `v‡gi AšÍf©y³ wKbv Zv wbf©i K‡i †Kvb `„wó‡KvY †_‡K
Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`v‡bi g‡Zv Rwgi ‡hvMvbI wKQyUv w¯wZ¯vcK|
†`Lv n‡”Q Zvi Ici| hw` mvgwMÖK A_©bxwZi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †`Lv
cÖkœ 17| wbg LvRbv ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| nq Z‡e Rwgi †hvMvb wn‡m‡e LvRbv Drcv`b e¨‡qi Ask bq eis
DËi : mvaviYfv‡e ejv hvq ‡h, gvbyl KZ©…K m„ó Ggb Dcv`vb hv GwU `v‡gi Ask| ZLb GwU GKwU D×…Ë| Ab¨w`‡K, GKwU cÖwZôvb
¯^íKv‡j Aw¯wZ¯vcK wKš‧ `xN©Kv‡j w¯wZ¯vcK G ai‡bi Dcv`vb ev dv‡g©i `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †`L‡j (e¨wóK A_©bxwZ) LvRbv Drcv`b
KZ©…K AwR©Z nq Zv n‡jv wbg LvRbv ev Dc LvRbv| wbg LvRbvi e¨‡qi Ask Ges G‡ÿ‡Î `v‡gi AšÍf©y³ n‡e| A_v©r, GwU wbf©i K‡i
cÖeZ©K n‡”Qb Aa¨vcK Avj‡d«W gvk©vj| wZwb e‡jb, Ò¯^íKv‡j †Kvb `„wó‡KvY †_‡K welqwU †`Lv n‡”Q Zvi Ici|
mxgve× ‡hvMvbwewkó gvby‡li ‣Zwi Drcv`‡bi DcKiY ‡hgb- cÖkœ 25| LvRbv wK `vg Øviv cÖfvweZ nq- e¨vL¨v Ki|
`vjvb‡KvVv, KjKviLvbv, hš¿cvwZ cÖf…wZi Pvwn`vi e„w×i d‡j Gme DËi: AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe`‡ì g‡Z, LvRbv `v‡giB GKwU Ask|
Dcv`vb ‡_‡K AwR©Z DØ…Ë Avq‡K wbg LvRbv e‡j|Ó KviY GKLÐ Rwg eënv‡ii Rb¨ Zvi gvwjK‡K Aek¨B LvRbv w`‡Z
cÖkœ 18| LvRbv I RbmsL¨vi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| nq| †mRb¨ LvRbv‡K Drcv`b e¨‡qi mv‡_ a‡i dm‡ji `vg wbev©Pb
DËi : LvRbv I RbmsL¨vi g‡a¨ wbweo m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| wiKv‡W©vi Kiv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î LvRbv `v‡gi AšÍf©y³ nq Ges Zv `vg‡K cÖfvweZ
K‡i| ZvB ejv nq, LvRbv `vg Øviv cÖfvweZ nq wKš‧ `vg LvRbv
ZË¡ Abyhvqx LvRbvi cwigvY RbmsL¨vi Ici wbf©i K‡i| RbmsL¨v
Øviv cÖfvweZ nq bv|
e„w× ‡c‡j LvRbvi cwigvYI e„w× cvq Avevi RbmsL¨v n«vm ‡c‡j
cÖkœ 26| RbmsL¨v e„w× Kxfv‡e AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi m„wó Ki‡e?
LvRbvI n«vm cvq| g~jZ RbmsL¨v e„w× ‡c‡j Rwgi Pvwn`v e„w× cvq DËi: mvaviYZ A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb †Kv‡bv GjvKvq ev kn‡i RbmsL¨v
wKš‧ ‡hvMvb evov‡bv hvq bv e‡j LvRbv e„w× cvq| myZivs LvRbv I e„w× †c‡j AwZwi³ wkí- KjKvivLvbv, iv¯ÍvNvU, bvjvb`©gv, •e`y¨wZK
RbmsL¨vi g‡a¨ abvZ¥K m¤úK© we`¨gvb| eë¯v cÖf…wZi DbœwZ n‡j †mLvbKvi Rwgi LvRbv †e‡o hvq| d‡j
cÖkœ 19| LvRbv m¤ú‡K© ‡WwfW wiKv‡W©vi Dw³wU e¨vL¨v Ki| Gme Rwgi gvwjKMY AwZwi³ Avq †fvM K‡i| wKš‧ G ewa©Z Av‡qi
DËi : A_©bxwZwe` ‡WwfW wiKv‡W©vi Dw³ n‡jv-ÒLvRbv n‡jv Rwgi Rb¨ gvwjK‡K A_© e¨q ev cwikÖg Ki‡Z nqwb| G ewa©Z Avq‡K
Drcv`‡bi ‡mB Ask hv Rwgi Avw` I A¶q kw³ eënv‡ii Rb¨ AbycvwR©Z Avq e‡j| Gfv‡e AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi D™¢e nq|
Rwgi gvwjK‡K ‡Ìqv nq|Ó Z‡e mKj Rwgi Rb¨ LvRbv w`‡Z nq
bv| A_©vr ‡h Rwg eënv‡ii Rb¨ ïay ‡hvMvb `vg w`‡Z nq Ges ‡h cÖkœ 27| AbycvwR©Z Avq Kxfv‡e D™¢e nq?
Rwgi Drcv`b ïay ‡hvMvb `v‡gi mgvb nq Zv‡K cÖvwšÍK Rwg e‡j| DËi: mvaviYZ A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb ev †Kv‡bv GjvKvq ev kn‡i RbmsL¨v
G cÖvwšÍK Rwgi LvRbv ‡bB| e„w× †c‡j AwZwi³ wkí- KjKvivLvbv, iv¯ÍvNvU, bvjvb`©gv, •e`y¨wZK
cÖkœ 20| wiKv‡W©vi LvRbv ZË¡wU e¨vL¨v Ki| eë¯v cÖf…wZi DbœwZ n‡j †mLvbKvi Rwgi LvRbv †e‡o hvq| d‡j Gme
226
Rwgi gvwjKMY AwZwi³ Avq †fvM K‡i| wKš‧ G ewa©Z Av‡qi Rb¨ 35. AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z LvRbv n‡jv-AcÖvPzh©RwbZ Avq|
gvwjK‡K A_© e¨q ev cwikÖg Ki‡Z nqwb| G ewa©Z Avq‡K AbycvwR©Z 36. f‚wgi weKí eënvi D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb-AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe`|
Avq e‡j| Gfv‡e AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi D™¢e nq| 37. Rwgi Pvwn`v I †hvMvb †iLv cÖ‡qvM K‡i LvRbv wba©viY g‡Wj
cÖkœ 28| LvRbv I wbg LvRbvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kx? we‡kølY K‡ib-gvk©vj|
DËi: LvRbv I wbg LvRbvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ n‡jv- f‚wg Ges Ab¨vb¨  ‡gvU LvRbv, wbg LvRbv I wbU ev A_©‣bwZK LvRbv
cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` †_‡K LvRbvi D™¢e nq| cÿvšÍ‡i, gvby‡li •Zwi 38. ‡gvU LvRbv-(gRywi + my` + gybvdv + Ki) = wbU LvRbv|
g~jab †_‡K wbg LvRbvi D™¢e nq, Avevi ¯^íKv‡j Ges `xN©Kv‡j 39. wbg LvRbvi cÖeZ©K n‡jb- Avj‡d«W gvk©vj|
Dfq †gqv‡ì Rb¨ LvRbvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ _v‡K| cÿvšÍ‡i, ¯^íKv‡j wbg 40. mvaviYZ LvRbv‡K wef³ Kiv nq-2 fv‡M|
LvRbvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ _v‡K wKš‧ `xN©Kv‡j wbg LvRbvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ _v‡K bv| 41. ‡Kej f‚wg eënv‡ii Rb¨ †Ìqv nq-wbU LvRbv|
cÖkœ 29| wbg LvRbv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 42. wbg LvRbv = †gvU Avq - †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q|
DËi: mvaviYfv‡e ejv hvq †h, gvbyl KZ…©K m„ó Ggb Dcv`vb hv 43. wnmve Kiv mnR = †gvU LvRbv|
¯^íKv‡j Aw¯wZ¯vcK wKš‧ `xN©Kv‡j w¯wZ¯vcK G ai‡bi Dcv`vb 44. A_©‣bwZK LvRbv wnmve Kivi mgq - RwUjZv _vK‡Z cv‡i|
KZ…©K AwR©Z nq Zv n‡jv wbg LvRbv ev Dc LvRbv| wbg LvRbvi 45. A_©‣bwZK LvRbvi Aci bvg - wbU LvRbv|
cÖeZ©K n‡”Qb Aa¨vcK Avj‡d«W gvk©vj| wZwb e‡jb, Ò¯^íKv‡j 46. wbg LvRbv n‡jv - TR  TVC .
mxgve× †hvMvbwewkó gvby‡li •Zwi Drcv`‡bi DcKiY †hgb-  LvRbv I wbg LvRbvi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
`vjvb‡KvVv , KjKviLvbv, hš¿cvwZ cÖf…wZi Pvwn`vi e„w×i d‡j Gme 47. wbg LvRbv aviYvwU-¯^íKvjxb mg‡qi mv‡_ mvgÄ¨c~Y©|
Dcv`vb †_‡K AwR©Z D×„Ë Avq‡K wbg LvRbv e‡j|Ó 48. cwieZ©bkxj e¨q m¤úwK©Z-wbg LvRbv|
g‡b †i‡Lv Avgvq!!! 49. wbg LvRbv-Ac~Y©v½ aviYv|
 LvRbv 50. hš¿cvwZi I `xN©Kvj mg‡q m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK-f‚wg|
1. DØ„Ë Avq n‡jv- LvRbv| 51. ¯^íKv‡j gvbem„ó DcKiY †_‡K D™¢e nq-wbg LvRbv|
2. LvRbv m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡ib-‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v| 52. AcwieZ©bxq dv‡g©i Dcv`vb‡K e‡j-w¯i Dcv`vb|
3. Rwg eënv‡ii `vg‡K ejv nq -LvRbv| 53. wbg LvRbv ev‡Rqvß Ki‡j DcKi‡Yi †hvMvb-n«vm cvq|
4. ‡hvMvb m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK-f‚wgi| 54. wbg LvRbvi cwigvY wbf©i K‡i-Pvwn`vi Ici|
5. LvRbv wba©vwiZ nq-Pzw³ Abymv‡i|  AbycvwR©Z Avq
6. Drcv`b my‡hvM e¨‡qi AwZwi³ Avq‡K e‡j-LvRbv| 55. me©cÖ_g AbycvwZK Av‡qi aviYv †`b-‡nbwi RR©|
7. my‡hvM e¨‡qi AwZwi³ Avq‡K LvRbvÕ e‡j‡Qb-RR© w÷Mjvi| 56. AbycvwR©Z Avq m„wó n‡j Avq e„w× cvq-f‚wgi gvwjK‡ì|
8. f~wg eënv‡ii `vg‡K LvRbv ejvi AšÍwbwn©Z KviY-‡hvMvb mxgve×| 57. Progress and Poverty MÖ‡ši †jLK-‡nbwi RR©|
9. wiKv‡Wv©i ci LvRbvi cÖmvwiZ e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡ib-gvk©vj| 58. Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b e„w× cvq-AbycvwR©Z Avq|
10. LvRbv‡K f‚wgi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †`Lvb-gvk©vj| 59. cwikÖg I wewb‡qvM bv K‡i cvIqv hvq-AbycvwR©Z Avq|
 LvRbvi cÖKvi‡f` I LvRbv †Kb †Ìqv nq 60. RbmsL¨v e„w× †c‡j m„wó nq-AbycvwR©Z Avq|
11. Pzw³e× LvRbvi Aci bvg-‡gvU LvRbv| 61. evsjv‡`‡ki _vbv¸‡jv Dc‡Rjvq DbœxZ Kiv nq-Avwki `k‡K|
12. Rwgi weKí eënv‡ii Rb¨ D™¢e nq-LvRbvi | 62. mvgvwRK AMÖMwZi d‡j AbycvwR©Z Avq m„wó nqÕ e‡jb-A_©bxwZwe`
13. cÖK…wZi e`vb¨Zvi Kvi‡Y D™¢e nq-LvRbvi| P¨vcg¨vb|
14. DcKi‡Yi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K LvRbv 2 cÖKvi| 63. AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi Rb¨ Rwgi gvwjK‡ì-‡Kv‡bv LiP Ki‡Z nq bv|
15. Av‡qi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K LvRbv-3 cÖKvi| Abykxjbx cvV-1
16. RbmsL¨vi e„w×i ìæY D™¢e N‡U‡Q-A_©‣bwZK LvRbvi| 1| wbg LvRbv aviYvwU †K cÖeZ©b K‡ib?
17. LvRbv †Ìqvi wfwË n‡jv-my‡hvM e¨q| K) A_©bxwZwe` †nbwi RR© L) Aa¨vcK gvk©vj
18. f‚wgi Pvwn`v †hvMvb A‡cÿv †ewk e‡j f‚wgi gvwjK‡K w`‡Z nq-LvRbv| M) †WwfW wiKv‡Wv© N) A¨vWvg w¯§_
19. f‚wg‡Z µgvMZ kÖg I g~jab wb‡qvM Ki‡j n«vm cvq-cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 wiKv‡Wv©i LvRbv ZË¡  wbg LvRbv cÖeZ©b K‡ib-Avj‡d«W gvk©vj|
20. wiKv‡Wv© Rwg‡K fvM K‡i‡Qb-3 fv‡M|  LvRbv‡K Rwgi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †`Lvb-gvk©vj|
21. wiKv‡Wv© cÖvwšÍK Rwg e‡j‡Qb-Z…Zxq †kÖwYi Rwg‡K|
 wbg LvRbvi aviYv-Ac~Y©v½|
22. ‡WwfW wiKv‡Wv© Zvi LvRbv ZË¡ e¨³ K‡ib-Dbwesk kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡a©|
23. LvRbv Z‡Ë¡i cÖeZ©K-‡WwfW wiKv‡Wv©|  wbg LvRbvi m~Î n‡jv-‡gvU Avq-‡gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q|
24. Rent does not enter into price' e³e¨wU-‡WwfW wiKv‡Wv©|  me©cÖ_g AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi aviYv †`b-‡nbwi RR©|
25. cÖvwšÍK Rwgi LvRbv-k~b¨|  LvRbv m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡ib-‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v|
26. wiKv‡Wv©i g‡Z, Rwg‡Z `ªæZ Kvh©Ki nq-µgn«vmgvb cªvwšÍK Drcv`b  Ô‡hvMv‡bi ¯^íZvB LvRbv D™¢‡ei KviYÕ e‡j‡Qb-wiKv‡W©v|
wewa|  A_©bxwZ‡K m¤ú‡ì weÁvb e‡j‡Qb-A¨vWvg w¯§_|
27. A_©bxwZwe` †WwfW wiKv‡Wv©-Bsj¨v‡Ûi bvMwiK| 2| ÔLvRbv n‡”Q GKwU `xN©‡gqvw` aviYvÕ-Dw³wU Kvi?
28. ‡hvMvb `vg †bB-Rwgi †ÿ‡Î| K) ‡WwfW wiKv‡Wv© L) cj m¨vgy‡qjmb
 AvaywbK LvRbv ZË¡ Ges LvRbv I `v‡gi m¤úK© M) wW. m¨vj‡fUi N) wR. w÷Mjvi
29. Rwgi Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ-Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx| AvaywbK A_©bxwZi RbK-cj m¨vgy‡qjmb
30. cÖvwšÍK Rwgi Avq I e¨q mgvb n‡j-LvRbv k~b¨ nq| Ômy‡hvM e¨‡qi AwZwi³ Avq‡K LvRbvÕe‡j‡Qb- wR. w÷Mjvi|
31. AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z f‚wgi LvRbv wba©vwiZ nq -Pvwn`v I †hvMvb Øviv| 3| cÖvwšÍK Rwgi LvRbv Kxiƒc nq?
32. LvRbv cÖfvweZ I wba©vwiZ nq-`vg Øviv| K) Amxg L) k~b¨ M) abvZ¥K N) FYvZ¥K
33. e¨w³i `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Rwgi †hvMvb-w¯wZ¯vcK| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
34. f‚wgi mvgvwRK †hvMvb †iLvi AvK…wZ-j¤^ A‡ÿ m¤ú~Y© Lvov|  ‡hvMvb `vg †bB-LvRbvwenxb Rwg|

227
 cÖvwšÍK Rwg‡K ejv nq-LvRbvwenxb Rwg|  AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi Rb¨ Rwgi gvwjK‡ì- †Kv‡bv LiP Ki‡Z nq bv|
 Drcvw`Z dm‡ji cwigvY I LiP mgvb nq-cÖvwšÍK Rwgi|  me©cÖ_g AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi aviYv †`b-‡nbwi RR©|
 LvRbv Z‡Ë¡i cÖeZ©K-‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v|  Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b e„w× cvq-AbycvwR©Z Avq|
 LvRbv w`‡Z nq bv-Z…Zxq †kÖwYi Rwgi|  RbmsL¨v e„w× †c‡j m„wó nq-AbycvwR©Z Avq|
 ‡hvMv‡bi ¯^íZvB LvRbv D™¢‡ei KviY e‡j‡Qb-‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v|  ‡gvU RvZxq Avq n‡jv- Gross National Income.
 Rwg‡Z `ªæZ Kvh©Ki nq-µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa|  ‡gvU LvRbv - (gRywi + my` + gybvdv + Ki) = wbU LvRbv|
4| AvaywbK ZË¡ Abymv‡i-  miKvwi Dbœqb cÖK‡íi d‡j m„wó nq-AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi|
i) LvRbv = †gvU Avq - †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q|  Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b e„w× cvq-AbycvwR©Z Avq|
ii) LvRbv = cÖvß Avq - †hvMvb `vg  cwikÖg I wewb‡qvM bv K‡i cvIqv hvq-AbycvwR©Z Avq|
iii) LvRbv = AFC+AwZwi³ Avq  Drcv`bKvix me `ªe¨ wewµ K‡i cvq-‡gvU Avq|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  Pzw³i gva¨‡g wba©vwiZ nq-‡gvU LvRbv|
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) ii N) i, ii I iii
 wbU LvRbvi D™¢e nq-¯^íKv‡j|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
9| AwZwi³ kÖg I wewb‡qvM bv K‡i †h AwZwi³ Avq nq Zv‡K wK e‡j?
 Rwgi LvRbv k~b¨ n‡j f‚wgi †hvMvb-w¯i| K) †gvU Avq L) †gvU LvRbv M) AbycvwR©Z Avq N) wbg LvRbv
 LvRbv cÖfvweZ I wba©vwiZ nq-`vg Øviv|  DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 10 I 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
 AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z LvRbv n‡jv-AcÖvPzh©RwbZ Avq| GKwU †`‡k De©iZvi †kÖwY‡f‡` 1g, 2q I 3q †kÖwYi Rwg i‡q‡Q|
 mvgvwRK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Rwgi †hvMvb-m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK| mKj Rwg‡ZB GKi cÖwZ Drcv`b LiP 6,000 UvKv| 1g, 2q I 3q
 e¨w³i `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Rwgi †hvMvb-w¯wZ¯vcK| †kÖwYi Rwg‡Z GKi cÖwZ avb Drcv`‡bi cwigvY h_vµ‡g 45 gY, 30
 Rwgi Pvwn`v †iLv wb¤œMvgx-Wvbw`‡K| gY Ges 20 gY| cÖwZ gY av‡bi `vg 300 UvKv|
5| Pzw³e× LvRbvi Aci bvg Kx? 10| 1g †kÖwYi Rwgi LvRbv KZ UvKv?
K) wbg LvRbv L) wbU LvRbv K) 3000 L) 6000 M) 7500 N) 13500
M) †gvU LvRbv N) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  LvRbv Z‡Ë¡i cÖeZ©K-‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v|
 wbU LvRbvi mv‡_ g~ja‡bi my` †hvM Ki‡j cvIqv hvq-Pzw³e×  wiKv‡W©v Rwg‡K fvM K‡ib-wZbfv‡M|
LvRbv|  ‡hvMvb `vg †bB-Rwgi †ÿ‡Î|
 wbg LvRbvi cÖeZ©b n‡jb-Avj‡d«W gvk©vj|  ‡hvMv‡bi ¯^íZvB LvRbv D™¢‡ei KviYÕ e‡j‡Qb-‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v|
 wbg LvRbvi m~Î -TR-TVC|  wiKv‡Wv© Zvi Z‡Ë¡ LvRbv D™¢‡ei KviY D‡jøL K‡ib-3wU|
 Aw¯wZ¯vcK Dcv`vb eënvi eve` cÖ`Ë A_© n‡jv-wbU LvRbv|
GB Aa¨v‡qi (MCQ) wfwWI
 wbU LvRbvi Aci bvg-A_©‣bwZK LvRbv| K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
6| gvbyl KZ©„K m„ó DcKiY n‡Z ¯^íKv‡j cÖvß Avq‡K wK e‡j?
K) †gvU LvRbv L) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv
M) AbycvwR©Z Avq N) wbg LvRbv
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 LvRbv wn‡m‡e cÖvß me©‡gvU A_© n‡jv-‡gvU LvRbv
 ¯^íKvjxb mg‡qi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©-wbg LvRbv|
 `xN©Kvjxb Aw¯ÍZ¡ _v‡K bv-wbg LvRbvi|
 gvby‡li •Zix hš¿cvwZ †_‡K ¯^íKv‡j D™¢e nq-wbg LvRbv|
 ïay Rwg eënv‡ii `vgB _v‡K-A_©‣bwZK LvRbvi g‡a¨| 11| LvRbv wenxb Rwg †KvbwU?
 cwikÖg I wewb‡qvM bv K‡i cvIqv hvq-AbycvwR©Z Avq| L) 1g †kÖwYi L) 2q †kÖwYi M) 3q †kÖwYi N) Abye©i
7| wbg LvRbv cwigv‡ci m~Î †KvbwU? hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K) TR-TC L) TR-TVC M) TR-AC N) TR-AVC  A_©bxwZwe` †WwfW wiKv‡Wv© wQ‡jb-Bsj¨v‡Ûi bvMwiK|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  Rwg‡Z `ªæZ Kvh©Ki nq-µgn«vmgvb Drcv`b wewa|
 wbg LvRbv aviYvwU mvgÄm¨c~Y©-¯^íKvjxb mg‡q  Drcvw`Z dm‡ji cwigvY I LiP mgvb-cÖvwšÍK Rwg‡Z|
 wbg LvRbv aviYvwU cÖeZ©b K‡ib-Aa¨vcK gvk©vj|  LvRbv `v‡gi AšÍf©y³ bq-wiKv‡Wv©i g‡Z|
 `xN©Kv‡j Aw¯ÍZ¡ _v‡K bv-wbg LvRbvi|  LvRbv w`‡Z nq bv-Z…Zxq ‡kÖwYi Rwgi|
 TVC I AVC ‡gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q I Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q|  cÖvwšÍK Rwgi aviYvwU D‡jøL K‡ib-‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v|
 gbyl¨m„ó hš¿cvwZi †hvMvb Aw¯wZ¯vcK - ¯^íKv‡j|
 GKwU Ac~Y©v½ aviYv n‡jv-wbg LvRbv|

8| wewb‡qvM Qvov f‚wgi g~j¨ e„w×‡K wK e‡j?

K) AbycvwR©Z Avq L) RvZxq Avq M) †gvU LvRbv N) wbU LvRbv
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 LvRbv wn‡m‡e cÖvß me©‡gvU A_© n‡jv- †gvU LvRbv|
 Pzw³wfwËK wba©vwiZ nq-‡gvU LvRbv|
228
24| Avkivd mv‡n‡ei Rwgi LvRbv 5000 UvKv; gRywi 1000 UvKv; my`
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ K‡iv Ges 12 I 13 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 1000 UvKv; miKvwi Ki 1000 UvKv Ges gybvdv 1000 UvKv n‡j
wbU LvRbv KZ?
K) 1000 UvKv L) 2000 UvKv
M) 3000 UvKv N) 4000 UvKv
25| gvby‡li m„ó Drcv`‡bi DcKiY n‡Z ¯^íKv‡j †h AwZwi³ Avq nq
Zv‡K e‡j-
K) AbycvwR©Z Avq L) †gvU LvRbv M) wbU LvRbv N) wbg LvRbv
26| ¯^íKv‡j D™¢e nq †Kvb LvRbvi?
12| wPÎvbymv‡i Rwgi LvRbvi cwigvY n‡jv- K) †gvU LvRbv L) wbU LvRbv
K) 15 UvKv L) 75 UvKv M) 150 UvKv N) 225 UvKv M) wbU LvRbv N) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 27| Drcv`‡bi †h †Kv‡bv DcKi‡Yi b~b¨Zg †hvMvb `v‡gi †P‡q †h
 LvRbv cÖfvweZ I wba©vwiZ nq-`vg Øviv| AwZwi³ `vg ev cvwikÖwgK †Ìqv nq Zv‡K wK e‡j?
 Rwgi Pvwn`v †iLv wb¤œMvgx -Wvbw`‡K K) LvRbv L) gRywi M) evowZ Avq N) gybvdv
 f‚wgi †hvMvb †iLv-j¤^ A‡ÿ m¤ú~Y© Lvov| 28| ÔLvRbv `v‡gi AšÍf©y³ bqÕ-‡K e‡j‡Qb?
 AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z LvRbv n‡jv- AcÖvPzh©RwbZ Avq| K) Avj‡d«W gvk©vj L) †Rvqvb iwebmb
M) Rb †gbvW© †KBÝ N) †WwfW wiKv‡Wv©
 LvRbv wn‡m‡e cÖvß me©‡gvU A_© n‡jv-‡gvU LvRbv|
29| wbg LvRbv aviYvi cÖeZ©K †K?
 wbY©q Kiv mnR-‡gvU LvRbv| K) †WwfW wiKv‡W©v L) Aa¨vcK gvk©vj
13| Rwgi Pvwn`v †iLv G we›`y‡Z DD1 Gi mgvšÍivj n‡j †gvU M) RR© w÷Mjvi N) wW m¨vj‡fUi
LvRbvi Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? 30| wbg LvRbv †Ìqv nq †Kb?
K) 5 UvKv n«vm cv‡e L) 5 UvKv e„w× cv‡e K) Rwgi De©iZv kw³i Rb¨
M) 75 UvKv n«vm cv‡e N) 75 UvKv e„w× cv‡e L) Rwgi AwZwi³ eënv‡ii Rb¨
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! M) gvbem„ó DcKi‡Yi mxgve× †hvMv‡bi Rb¨
 Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b e„w× cvq-AbycvwR©Z Avq| N) cwZZ Rwg eënv‡ii Rb¨
 cwikÖg ev wewb‡qvM bv K‡iB cvIqv hvq-AbycvwR©Z Avq| 31| f‚wgi Rb¨ LvRbv †Ìqv nq, KviY-
 RbmsL¨v e„w×i d‡j m„wó nq-AbycvwR©Z Avq| i) f‚wgi †hvMvb mxgve×
 AbycvwR©Z Avq m„wó n‡j Avq e„w× cvq-f‚wgi gvwj‡Ki| ii) f‚wgi De©iZvi cv_©K¨ Av‡Q
 Rwgi gvwjK †Kv‡bv LiP QvovB cvq-AbycvwR©Z Avq| iii) f‚wg‡Z µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b e„w×
 RbmsL¨v evo‡j Rwgi `vg-ev‡o| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
14| TR-TVC= Kx? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) wbg LvRbv L) wbU LvRbv M) †gvU LvRbv N) AbycvwR©Z LvRbv 32| wbU LvRbvi mv‡_ hv †hvM Ki‡j Pzw³e× LvRbv cvIqv hvq-
15| ¯^íKv‡j gvbe m„ó DcKiY †_‡K D™¢e nq- i) g~ja‡bi my` ii) †`Lvïbvi LiP iii) SzuwK en‡bi gybvdv
K) †gvU LvRbv L) wbU LvRbv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) wbg LvRbv N) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
16| f‚wg eënv‡ii Rb¨ f‚wgi gvwjK‡K Kx cÖ`vb Kiv nq? 33| Rwg‡Z LvRbvi D™¢e nq, KviY-
K) LvRbv L) gRywi M) my` N) gybvdv i) Rwgi cwigv‡Yi mxgve×Zv
17| f‚wgi gvwjK‡K f‚wg eënv‡ii `vg cwi‡kva Kiv‡K wK e‡j? ii) Rwg‡Z µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`‡bi wewai Kvh©KvwiZv
K) DØ„Ë Avq L) AbycvwR©Z Avq M) LvRbv N) wbg LvRbv iii) Rwgi Drcvw`Kv kw³i wfbœZv
18| f‚wg I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv n‡Z cÖvß Avq‡K LvRbv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ejv nq-Dw³wU †Kvb A_©bxwZwe‡ì? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) cj m¨vgy‡qjmb L) †WwfW wiKv‡W©v 34| wbg LvRbvi Rb¨ Rwgi gvwjK‡K-
M) wjq‡bj iweÝ N) Avj‡dªW gvk©vj i) cÖPzi wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z nq
19| David Ricardo Gi g‡Z- ii) †Kv‡bv cwikÖg ev †Póv Ki‡Z nq bv
K) LvRbv `v‡gi AšÍf©y³ L) LvRbvB `vg wba©viYKvix iii) kn‡ii wbK‡U Rwg _vK‡Z nq
M) `vgB LvRbv wba©viYKvix N) `vg LvRbvi Ask wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
20| LvRbv I `v‡gi m¤ú‡K©i wfwË‡Z KqwU gZev` Av‡Q? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) 1wU L) 2wU M) 3wU N) 4wU 35| AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi †ÿ‡Î gvwjK‡ì-
21| Rbeûj ivRavbx kni XvKvi Rwgi †hvMvb †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb n‡e?
i) cwikÖg Ki‡Z nq bv
K) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx L) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
ii) bZzb wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z nq bv
M) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
22| Rwgi †Kvb ai‡bi †hvMv‡bi Kvi‡Y LvRbvi D™¢e nq? iii) Rwgi `vg AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K
K) w¯wZ¯vcK L) Aw¯wZ¯vcK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) m¤ú~Y© w¯wZ¯vcK N) m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
23| ïay f‚wg eënv‡ii Rb¨ Zvi gvwjK‡K †h A_© †Ìqv nq Zv‡K wK e‡j? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 36I 37 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) †gvU LvRb L) wbg LvRbv b`x‡Z †ewk gvQ aiv covq Rvj Ges †b․Kv fvov wØ¸Y n‡jv|
M) AbycvwR©Z Avq N) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv
229
36| ‡b․Kv fvov e„w× †Kvb LvRbvi m‡½ m½wZc~Y©? K) LvRbv L) wbg LvRbv
K) †gvU LvRbv L) wbU LvRbv M) wbg LvRbv N) †b․ LvRbv M) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv N) Ki
37| `xN©Kv‡j GB LvRbv †Kgb n‡e? 48| wb‡Pi †KvbwUi †hvMvb m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK?
K) e„w× cv‡e L) n«vm cv‡e M) k~b¨ n‡e N) Amxg n‡e K) f‚wg L) g~jab M) msMVb N) Avq
DÏxcK n‡Z 38 I 39 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 49| Drcv`b my‡hvM e¨‡qi AwZwi³ Avq‡K wK e‡j?
K) wbg LvRbv L) LvRbv
N) wbU LvRbv N) AbycvwR©Z LvRbv
50| my‡hvM e¨‡qi AwZwi³ Avq‡K LvRbv e‡j‡Qb †Kvb A_©bxwZwe`?
K) RR© w÷Mjvi L) gvk©vj
M) †Rvqvb iweÝ N) †WwfW wiKv‡Wv©
51| ÔRwgi Avw` I Aÿq kw³ eënv‡ii Rb¨ Rwgi gvwjK‡K hv †Ìqv
nq ZvB B LvRbvÕ-Dw³wU Kvi?
K) A¨vWvg w¯§_ L) Aa¨vcK gvk©vj
M) wiKv‡Wv© N) cj m¨vgy‡qjmb
38| wPÎwU †h ai‡bi LvRbv wb‡`©k K‡i Zv- 52| f‚wgi eënv‡ii `vg‡K LvRbv ejvi AšÍwbwn©Z KviY †KvbwU?
i) cÖK…wZ cÖ`Ë DcKiY eënv‡ii d‡j cvIqv hvq K) †hvMvb †ewk L) †hvMvb mxgve×
ii) ¯^íKvj I `xN©Kvj Dfq †ÿ‡Î Giƒc LvRbvi D™¢e nq M) †hvMvb Amxg N) Pvwn`v mxgve×
iii) GB LvRbv wnmv‡ei mgq TVC Gi cÖ‡qvRb nq| 53| K¬vwmK¨vj A_©bxwZwe`‡ì g‡Z, †KvbwU GKgvÎ Dcv`vb hvi †hvMvb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? m¤ú~Y© mxgve× I Aw¯wZ¯vcK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) kÖg L) g~jab M) f‚wg N) msMVb
39| DÏxc‡K LvRbvi cwigvY KZ n‡e? 54| Aa¨vcK gvk©vj LvRbv‡K Kx‡mi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z †`Lvb?
K) 4 L) 10 M) 12 N) 24 K) kÖg L) msMVb M) f‚wg N) g~jab
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 40 I 41 bs cÖ‡kœ&i DËi `vI: 55| Kv‡ì g‡Z †h †Kv‡bv Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î LvRbvi D™¢e n‡Z cv‡i?
K) K¬¨vwmK¨¨vj A_©bxwZwe‡ì g‡Z L) wiKv‡Wv©i g‡Z
M) AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe‡ì g‡Z N) GWvg w¯§_ Gi g‡Z
56| AvaywbK fv‡l¨ LvRbv D™¢e n‡Z cv‡i-
i) g~jab †_‡K ii) kÖg †_‡K iii) msMVb †_‡K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
57| LvRbvi cv_©K¨ N‡U-
i) Ae¯v‡bi Kvi‡Y
ii) f‚wgi mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y
40| wPÎvbymv‡i Rwgi LvRbvi cwigvY n‡jv- iii) f‚wgi Drcvw`Kv kw³i Kvi‡Y
K) 10 UvKv L) 15 UvKv M) 150 UvKv N) 225 UvKv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
41| Rwgi Pvwn`v †iLv mgvšÍiv‡j G we›`y‡Z ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡j †gvU K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
LvRbvi Dci Kx cÖfve co‡e? 58| iwng Zvi evwowU Rwj‡ji Kv‡Q 5000 UvKvq fvov w`j| mvaviYZ
K) 5 UvKv n«vm cv‡e L) 5 UvKv e„w× cv‡e fvov †Ìqvi mv‡_ wgj i‡q‡Q-
M) 75 UvKv n«vm cv‡e N) 75 UvKv e„w× cv‡e
i) Drcv`‡bi ii) LvRbvi iii) eënvig~‡jï
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 42 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ivRy Ni fvov w`‡q cÖwZgv‡m 7000 UvKv †cZ| Zvi GjvKvi A_©‣bwZK
Kg©Kv‡Ûi DbœwZi d‡j Nifvov e„w× †c‡q 10,000 UvKv nq| K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
42| DÏxc‡Ki ewY©Z ivRyi AwZwi³ A_©cvÖ wß‡K A_©bxwZ‡Z wK e‡j? 59| weï× LvRbv ev A_©‣bwZK LvRbv n‡jv-
K) wbg LvRbv L) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv i) Drcv`bkxj DcKi‡Yi cÖ‡`q `vg
M) wbU LvRbv N) AbycvwR©Z Avq ii) f‚wg †_‡K Avq
43| LvRbv Kx ai‡bi Avq? iii) cÖK…wZi `vb
K) cÖK„Z Avq L) ev¯ÍewfwËK Avq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) gy³ Avq N) DØ„Ë Avq K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
44| wiKv‡Wv©i c‡i †Kvb A_©bxwZwe` LvRbv aviYv we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e e¨vL¨v wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ K‡iv Ges 60I 61 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
‡`b?
K) †÷vwbqvi †nM L) Aa¨vcK gvk©vj
M) RR© w÷Mjvi N) m¨vgy‡qjmb
45| LvRbv m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡ib †Kvb A_©bxwZwe`?
K) gvk©vj L) †WwfW wiKv‡Wv©
M) wW. m¨vj‡fUi N) †Rvqvb iwebm
46| Rwg eënv‡ii `vg‡K wK ejv nq?
K) my` L) gRywi M) LvRbv N) gybvdv

47| f‚wgi gvwjK iwng f‚wgi Rb¨ miKvi‡K wK ‡`b?

230
60| wP‡Î q1S †iLv Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? ewki GKRb cÖvwšÍK K…lK| wZwb 1 weNv De©i Rwg 1 eQi
K) f‚wgi †hvMvb m¤ú~Y© w¯wZ¯vcK eënv‡ii ci Rwgi gvwjK‡K 10000 UvKv w`‡q‡Qb| D³ RwgwU
L) f‚wg Drcv`bkxj kn‡ii wbKUeZx© nIqvq wZwb jvfevb n‡eb e‡j Avkv K‡ib|
M) f‚wgi †hvMvb m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK 75| ewki f‚wgi gvwjK‡K †Kvb LvRbv cÖ`vb K‡ib?
N) f‚wg MwZkxj K) wbg LvRbv L) †gvU LvRbv
61| D³ wPÎ Øviv †evSv‡bv nq- M) wbU LvRbv N) A-A_©‣bwZK LvRbv
i) f‚wg c~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK 76| ewki f‚wgi gvwjK‡K LvRbv †Ìqvi KviY n‡jv-
ii) mKj DcKi‡Yi †hvMvb Aw¯wZ¯vcK i) f‚wgi Ae¯vbMZ cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y
iii) f‚wgi †hvMvb w¯wZ¯vcK ii) cÖvwšÍK K…lK e‡j
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii) f‚wgi Aw¯wZ¯vcKZvi Kvi‡Y
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
62| Pzw³e× LvRbvi Aci bvg Kx? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) wbg LvRbv L) wbU LvRbv 77| wiKv‡W©v Rwg‡K Kq †kÖwY‡Z fvM K‡i‡Qb?
M) †gvU LvRbv N) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
63| ‡Kvb Rwgi DØ„Ë Avq Kg _v‡K? 78| wiKv‡Wv© †Kvb †kÖwYi Rwg‡K cÖvwšÍK Rwg e‡j‡Qb?
K) De©i Rwg L) Abye©i Rwg M) wbK…ó Rwg N) kn‡ii Rwg K) 1g †kÖwY L) 2q †kÖwY M) 3q †kÖwY N) De©i ‡kÖwY
64| ‡KvbwUi weKí eënv‡ii Rb¨ LvRbvi D™¢e nq? 79| ‡WwfW wiKv‡Wv© Zvi LvRbv ZË¡ †Kvb mg‡q e¨³ K‡ib?
K) DcKi‡Yi L) g~ja‡bi M) msMV‡bi N) Rwgi K) Aóv`k kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡a© L) Ebwesk kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡a©
65| DcKi‡Yi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K LvRbv‡K Kqfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq? M) Aóv`k kZvãxi †klfv‡M N) Ebwesk kZvãxi †klfv‡M
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5 80| ‡h Rwg‡Z Drcvw`Z dm‡ji cwigvY I LiP mgvb nq Zv‡K †Kvb
66| Av‡qi `„wó †KvY †_‡K LvRbv‡K Kqfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq? Rwg e‡j?
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5 K) cÖvwšÍK L) Abye©i M) De©i N) Abyrcv`bkxj
67| cÖK…wZi e`vb¨Zvi Kvi‡Y LvRbvi D™¢e nq-GwU Kv‡ì aviYv? 81| ÔRent does not enter into priceÕ Kvi e³e¨?
K) divwm f‚wgev`x‡ì L) eZ©gvb A_©bxwZwe`‡ì K) gvk©vj L) wiKv‡Wv© M) w÷Mjvi N) m¨vgy‡qjmb
M) K¬vwmK¨vj A_©bxwZwe`‡ì N) wbIK¬vwmK¨vj A_©bxwZwe`‡ì 82| LvRbv Z‡Ë¡ cÖvwšÍK Rwg‡Z DØ„‡Ëi cwigvY KZ?
68| Rwgi †hvMvb w¯i I RbmsL¨v ew„×i ìæY †Kvb LvRbvi D™¢e nq? K) abvZ¥K L) FYvZ¥K M) Amxg N) k~b¨
K) wbg LvRbv L) †gvU LvRbv 83| A_©bxwZwe` †WwfW wiKv‡Wv© †Kvb †`‡ki bvMwiK wQ‡jb?
M) AbycvwR©Z LvRbv N) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv L) Bsj¨vÛ L) Av‡gwiKv M) BZvwj N) wMÖm
69| f‚wgi gvwjK‡K †Kb LvRbv w`‡Z nq? 84| Rwgi †hvMvb `vg †bB ‡Kb?
K) f‚wgi Pvwn`v †hvMvb A‡cÿv †ewk e‡j K) Rwg cÖK„wZi `vb L) Rwgi †hvMvb Amxg
L) f‚wgi †hvMvb Pvwn`v A‡cÿv †ewk e‡j M) Rwg MwZkxj bq e‡j N) Rwg Kg Drcv`bkxj
M) f‚wgi `vg A‡bK ‡ewk e‡j 85| wiKv‡Wv©i g‡Z, Rwg‡Z `ªæZ †Kvb wewa Kvh©Ki nq?
N) f‚wgi ¯vqxZ¡ †ewk n‡j K) w¯i cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
70| iwng Zvi evwowU Lwj‡ji wbKU 8000 UvKvq fvov w`j| iwn‡gi L) µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
GB 8000 UvKv‡K A_©bxwZ‡Z wK wn‡m‡e MY¨ Ki‡e? M) µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
K) my` L) kÖg M) gybvdv N) LvRbv N) mgvbycvwZK cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
71| f‚wg‡Z µgvMZ ‡ewk cwigv‡Y kÖg I g~jab wb‡qvM Ki‡j †KvbwU 86| wiKv‡Wv©i 2q †kÖwYi Rwg‡Z Lv‡`ï Pvwn`v †Kb e„w× cvq?
n«vm cvq? K) Pvwn`v e„w× cvIqvq L) RbmsL¨v e„w×i Kvi‡Y
K) †gvU Drcv`b L) Mo Drcv`b M) Pvwn`v n«vm cvIqvq N) RbmsL¨v n«v‡mi Kvi‡Y
M) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b N) wbU Drcv`b 87| wiKv‡Wv© Zvi LvRbv Z‡Ë¡ gZ cÖKvk K‡ib-
72| DcKi‡Yi w`K †_‡K LvRbv n‡jv- i) LvRbvi A_© ii) LvRbv DrcwËi KviY
i) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv iii) LvRbv wba©viY cÖwµqv
ii) weï× A_©‣bwZK LvRbv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii) wbg LvRbv K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 88| LvRbv Kg-‡ewk nIqvi KviY n‡jv-
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii i) Rwgi De©iZv kw³i cv_©K¨
73| LvRbv m„wó n‡Z cv‡i- ii) Drcbœ dm‡ji cwigv‡Yi cv_©K¨
i) Lwb †_‡K iii) Rwgi Awebk¦i kw³i eënvi
ii) cÖvK…wZK m¤c` †_‡K wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii) grm¨‡ÿÎ †_‡K K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 89| cÖvwšÍK Rwg‡Z LvRbv bv _vKvi KviY n‡jv-
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii i) Rwgi Avq I Drcv`b LiP mgvb ii) Avq DØ„Ë Kg e‡j
74| Av‡qi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K LvRbv n‡jv- iii) Rwgi Av‡qi †P‡q LiP †ewk
i) †gvU LvRbv ii) wbg LvRbv iii) wbU LvRbv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii DÏxcKwU co Ges 90 I 91 bs cª‡kœi DËi `vI:
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 75 I 76 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
231
imyjcyi MÖv‡gi gvZeŸi †nv‡m‡bi wZb RvqMvq 1 weNv K‡i wZb i) mvgwMÖK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K
†kÖwYi Rwg Av‡Q| wb‡Pi mviwY‡Z MZ eQi Rwg‡Z avb Drcv`‡bi ii) e¨‡qi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K
e¨q I Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡Yi GKwU wnmve †`qv n‡jv: iii) e¨w³i `„wó‡KvY
Rwgi Drcv`b LiP Drcvw`Z av‡bi weµqjä Avq (UvKvq) wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†kÖwY (UvKvq) K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
1g 6000 10000 105|wb‡Pi †KvbwU A_©‣bwZK LvRbvi m~Î?
2q 6000 8000 K) AR-AVC L) TR-TVC
3q 6000 6000 M) AF C+ AwZwi³ Avq
90| 2q †kÖwYi LvRbv KZ? N) †gvU LvRbv - (gRywi + my` + gybvdv + Ki)
K) 6000 UvKv L) 4000 UvKv M) 2000 UvKv N) 0 UvKv 106| wbg LvRbv aviYv †Kvb A_©bxwZwe` cÖeZ©b K‡ib?
91| wiKv‡Wv©i LvRbv ZË¡vbymv‡i gvZeŸi †nv‡m‡bi 3q †kÖwYi Rwg‡K K) †WwfW wiKv‡Wv© L) Avj‡d«W gvk©vj
Kx ejv nq? M) Gj.iweÝ N) wW. m¨vj‡fUi
i) cÖvwšÍK Rwg ii) LvRbvwenxb Rwg iii) wbK…ó Rwg 107| mvaviYZ LvRbv‡K Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv nq?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 108| ¯^íKv‡j gvby‡li ‣Zix †Kv‡bv e¯‧i †hvMvb w¯i Ae¯vq Pvwn`v
92| Rwgi Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb? e„w×‡Z †h evowZ `vg cvIqv hvq Zv‡K wK e‡j?
K) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx L) evgw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx K) AbycvwR©Z Avq L) LvRbv
M) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj M) ‡gvU LvRbv N) wbg LvRbv
93| cÖvwšÍK Rwgi Avq I e¨q mgvb n‡j Kx nq? 109| Ôwbg LvRbv n‡jv †gvU Avq †_‡K †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨‡qi
K) LvRbvi D™¢e nq L) LvRbv m‡ev©”P nq we‡qvMdjÕ msÁvwU †Kvb A_©bxwZwe‡ì?
M) LvRbv k~b¨ nq N) LvRbv `v‡gi AšÍf©y³ nq K) wc.G. m¨vgy‡qjmb L) wiKv‡Wv©
94| AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z f‚wgi LvRbv Kx Øviv wba©vwiZ nq? M) gvk©vj N) wW. †mj‡fUi
K) `vg L) ïay Pvwn`v 110| ‡Kej f‚wg eënv‡ii Rb¨ †Kvb LvRbv †Ìqv nq?
M) Pvwn`v I †hvMvb N) ïay †hvMvb K) †gvU LvRbv L) wbg LvRbv
95| LvRbv wba©vwiZ nq Kx Øviv? M) wbU LvRbv N) Pzw³e× LvRbv
K) A_© Øviv L) Avq Øviv M) `vg Øviv N) Rwg Øviv 111| wbg LvRbv †ei Kivi m~Î †KvbwU?
96| e¨w³i `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Rwgi †hvMvb Kxiƒc? K) †gvU Avq - †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q
K) w¯wZ¯vcK L) `vg †ewk M) `vg k~b¨ N) Aw¯wZ¯vcK L) †gvU Avq-‡gvU e¨q
97| f‚wgi mvgvwRK †hvMvb †iLvi AvK„wZ †Kgb? M) †gvU LvRbv-wbU LvRbv
K) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx L) evgw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx N) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv- wbU LvRbv
M) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) j¤^ A‡ÿ m¤ú~Y© Lvov 112| mxgve× †hvMvbwewkó Rwg, evwo ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv m¤ú` eënv‡ii
98| AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z LvRbv ej‡Z †Kvb Avq‡K †evSv‡bv nq? Rb¨ Zvi gvwjK‡K †h A_© cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zv‡K wK e‡j?
K) AcÖvPzh©RwbZ L) AbycvwR©Z M) DØ„Ë N) †gvU K) wbg LvRbv L) †gvU LvRbv
99| ‡Kvb A_©bxwZwe`MY f‚wgi weKí eënvi D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb? M) wbU LvRbv N) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv
K) K¬vwmK¨vj L) wbI K¬vwmK¨vj M) AvaywbK N) cÖv‣MwZnvwmK 113| GKRb e¨w³i †gvU LvRbv 100 UvKv, Gi g‡a¨ gRywi 20, my` 20,
100|‡Kvb A_©bxwZwe` Pvwn`v I †hvMvb †iLv cÖ‡qvM K‡i LvRbv wba©viY Ki 20 Ges gybvdv 20 UvKv _v‡K, Z‡e wbU LvRbv KZ?
g‡Wj we‡kølY K‡ib? K) 20 UvKv L) 40 UvKv M) 60 UvKv N) 100 UvKv
K) wiKv‡Wv© L) gvk©vj M) m¨vgy‡qjmb N) †mj‡fUi 114| ‡Kvb LvRbv wnmve Kiv mnR ?
101| f‚wgi †hvMvb wKQzUv w¯wZ¯vcK nq- K) †gvU LvRbv L) wbg LvRbv
i) b`x‡Z Pi RvM‡j M) wbU LvRbv N) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv
ii) Qv‡` Pvlvev` Ki‡j 115| ‡Kvb LvRbv wnmve Kivi mgq RwUjZv _vK‡Z cv‡i?
iii) f‚wg‡Z mvi I •eÁvwbK hš¿cvwZ eënv‡i K) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv L) †gvU LvRbv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M) Dc LvRbv N) Pzw³e× LvRbv
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 116| ÔA_©‣bwZK LvRbviÕ mv‡_ wb‡Pi †KvbwU m¤úwK©Z?
102| LvRbvi cwigvY evwo‡q ev Kwg‡q Rwgi †hvMvb- K) wbU LvRbv L) wbg LvRbv
i) cwieZ©b Kiv hvq bv M) †gvU LvRbv N) AvaywbK LvRbv
ii) cwieZ©b Kiv hvq 117| wbg LvRbv †ei Kivi m~Î n‡jv-
iii) e¨w³i Rb¨ Rwgi †hvMvb †iLv w¯wZ¯vcK i) †gvU Avq-‡gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii) Mo Avq-Mo cwieZ©b e¨q
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii iii) †gvU Avq- †gvU e¨q
103|¯^íKv‡j m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK- wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i) hš¿cvwZ ii) evwoNi iii) g~jëvb e¯‧ K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 118| wbg LvRbv n‡jv-
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii i) AR-AVC ii) TR < TVC iii) TR-TVC
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
104|LvRbv `v‡g AšÍf©y³ n‡e wK bv Zv we‡kølY Kiv hvq- K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

232
119| AvaywbK A‡_© LvRbv m„wó n‡Z cv‡i- 129| wbg LvRbv aviYvwU †Kvb aviYvi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©?
i) g~jab †_‡K ii) kÖg †_‡K iii) msMVb †_‡K K) `xN©Kvjxb L) ¯^íKvjxb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M) gaëZx©Kvjxb N) cÖvK-cÖv_wgK
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 130|‡Kvb aviYvi mv‡_ cwieZ©bkxj e¨q m¤úwK©Z?
120| gvk©v‡ji g‡Z, ïay Rwgi DØ„Ë Avq m„wó n‡Z cv‡i- K) ¯^íKvj L) wbg LvRbv M) †gvU LvRbv N) wbU LvRbv
i) hš¿cvwZ †_‡K ii) `vjvb‡KvVv †_‡K iii) g~jabx `ªe¨ †_‡K 131| wbg LvRbv †Kvb ai‡bi aviYv?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) c~Y©v½ L) Ac~Y©v½ M) ev‡Rqvß N) ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 132|hš¿cvwZi †hvMv‡bi mxgve×Zv Kxiƒc?
121| ‡gvU LvRbvi g‡a¨ AšÍf©y³ _v‡K- K) w¯wZ¯vcK L) ÿY¯vqx M) e¨qeûj M) `xN©¯vqx
i) g~ja‡bi my` ii) kÖ‡gi gRywi iii) SzuwK en‡bi gybvdv 133|‡KvbwUi †hvMvb ¯^íKvj I `xN©Kvj Dfq mg‡qB m¤ú~Y©
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Aw¯wZ¯vcK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) KviLvbv L) g~jab M) Drcv`b N) f‚wg
122| A_©‣bwZK LvRbv e„w× cvIqvi KviY n‡jv- 134|wbg LvRbv ev‡Rqvß Ki‡j DcKi‡Yi †hvMvb †Kgb _v‡K?
i) RbmsL¨v e„w× ii) f‚wgi De©iZv e„w× iii) Lv‡`ï Pvwn`v e„w× K) n«vm cvq L) AcwiewZ©Z Dcv`vb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M) wbU Dcv`vb N) e¨qeûj Dcv`vb
135|AcwieZ©bxq dv‡g©i Dcv`vb‡K wK e‡j?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) w¯i Dcv`vb L) cwieZ©bxq Dcv`vb
DÏxcKwU co Ges 123 I 124 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
M) wbU Dcv`vb N) e¨qeûj Dcv`vb
Rbve ÔQ' GKRb cÖvwšÍK K…lK| wZwb GK eQ‡ii Rb¨ R e¨w³i 1
136|Nievwo, hš¿cvwZ, cÖe„wZi Avq‡K †Kvb LvRbv ejv nq?
weNv Rwg‡Z Pvlvev‡ì Rb¨ 15000 UvKv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| kn‡ii
K) †gvU L) Pzw³e× M) wbg N) A_©‣bwZK
wbKUeZx© nIqvq Rwg †_‡K cÖvß Avq †ewk n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv
137|¯^íKv‡j gvbem„ó DcKiY †_‡K D™¢e nq-
hvq|
K) †gvU LvRbv L) wbU LvRbv
123| Q e¨w³ Rwg eënv‡ii Rb¨ R e¨w³‡K hv cÖ`vb K‡ib Zv n‡jv-
M) wbg LvRbv N) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv
K) wbg LvRbv L) wbU LvRbv M) Ki N) gybvdv
138| ‡Kvb LvRbvi cwigvY cÖavbZ wbf©i K‡i Pvwn`vi Ici?
124| Q e¨w³i R e¨w³‡K hv cÖ`vb K‡ib Zv n‡jv- K) †gvU L) wbU M) wbg N) weï×
i) †m cÖvwšÍK K…lK e‡j 139|dv‡g©i †gvU Avq †_‡K ‡gvU cwieZ©bxq LvRbv ev` w`‡j hv Aewkó
ii) RwgwUi Ae¯vbMZ KviY _v‡K Zv‡K wK e‡j?
iii) Rwgi Aw¯wZ¯vcK †hvMv‡bi Kvi‡Y K) wbg LvRbv L) cÖK…Z LvRbv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M) weï× LvRbv N) †gvU LvRbv
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 140|wbg LvRbv m¤ú‡K© ejv nq-
DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 125 I 126 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: i) ¯^íKvjxb aviYv ii) TR-TVC iii) AR-AVC
gv‡jK 10 weNv Rwg 1 eQ‡ii Rb¨ 5000 UvKvq fvov wbj| G wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
UvKv †_‡K Rwgi gvwjK kÖ‡gi gRywi 400 UvKv, g~ja‡bi my` 200 K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
UvKv, gybvdv 500 UvKv Ges miKvwi Ki eve` 900 UvKv cÖ`vb 141| wbg LvRbvi Aci bvg n‡jv-
Kij| i) Dc LvRbv ii) wbU LvRbv iii) Avav LvRbv
125| gv‡jK Rwg eënv‡ii Rb¨ KZ UvKv wbU LvRbv w`j? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) 2000 UvKv L) 3000 UvKv M) 4000UvKv N) 5000 UvKv
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
126| gv‡jK Zvi †gvU LvRbvq AšÍf©y³ K‡i‡Q-
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 142 I 143 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
i) Rwgi weï× LvRbv evsjv‡`k `y‡Mv©rm‡ei mgq 300 †gwUªK Ub Bwjk gvQ fvi‡Z ißvwb
ii) gRywi, my` I gybvdv K‡i| GB wecyj cwigvY gvQ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ A_©, mgq I DcKiY
iii) †gvU cwieZ©b e¨q wb‡qvM evov‡Z nq Ges jÿ¨gvÎv AR©b Ki‡Z nq|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 142| gvQ msMÖ‡n DcKi‡Yi LvRbv‡K wK ejv nq?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) wbg LvRbv L) AbycvwR©Z LvRbv
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 127 I 128 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: M) †gvU LvRbv N) wbU LvRbv
widvZ mv‡ne 8 nvRvi UvKv gRywi †c‡Zb| eZ©gv‡b bZzb GKwU 143|G LvRbvi •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
cÖwZôv‡b widvZ mv‡ne 10 nvRvi UvKv gRywi‡Z Kv‡R †hvM`vb i) ¯^íKv‡j cvIqv hvq ii) `xN©Kv‡j k~b¨ iii) TR-TVC
K‡i‡Qb| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
127| widvZ mv‡n‡ei kª‡gi A_©‣bwZK LvRbvi cwigvY KZ? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) 18 nvRvi L) 10 nvRvi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 144 I 145 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
M) 8 nvRvi N) 2 nvRvi GKwU Kjg •Zixi KviLvbvq Kj‡gi Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q
128|DÏxc‡K A_©‣bwZK LvRbvi DrcwË n‡q‡Q KviY- (AVC) 2.80 UvKv, Mo e¨q (AC) 3.20 UvKv Ges Kj‡gi
i) widvZ mv‡ne eZ©gv‡b evowZ Avq Ki‡Qb weµq g~j¨ 5 UvKv|
ii) widvZ mv‡n‡ei kÖ‡gi ¯vbvšÍi Avq Kg 144|DÏxc‡K Ôwbg LvRbviÕ cwigvY KZ?
iii) A‡_©i AvKv‡i gRywi cv‡”Qb K) 2.80 L) 3.20 M) 2.20 N) 5.00
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 145|DÏxc‡K LvRbvi cwigvY KZ?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) 1.80 L) 2.80 M) 3.20 N) 5.00

233
DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 146 I 147 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 161| mvRyi GjvKvq cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯wZi Kvi‡YÑ
evm ag©N‡Ui Kvi‡Y kn‡i wi·vfvov wØ¸Y n‡q coj| i) RxebhvÎvi e¨q e„w× cv‡e
146| Ôfvov wØ¸YÕ †Kvb LvRbvi m‡½ m½wZc~Y©? ii) Drcv`b e„w× cv‡e
K) wbg LvRbv L) †gvU LvRbv iii) `vg¯Íi e„w× cv‡e
M) wbU LvRbv N) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
147|`xN©Kv‡j G LvRbv K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) e„w× cv‡e L) n«vm cv‡e M) k~b¨ n‡e N) Amxg n‡e DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 162 I 163 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
148|AbycvwR©Z Avq aviYvwU me©cÖ_g †Kvb A_©bxwZwe` cÖKvk K‡ib? XvKv kn‡ii Av‡kcv‡k †d›Uvwm wKsWg, b›`b cvK© cÖf…wZ we‡bv`b ÷j
K) ‡nbwi RR© L) gvk©vj M) wiKv‡Wv© N) m¨vgy‡qjmb M‡o D‡V‡Q| GQvovI GLv‡b eû DbœZ ¯vcbv wbwg©Z n‡”Q| d‡j
149| AbycvwR©Z Avq m„wó n‡j g~jZ Kv‡ì Avq e„w× cvq? GjvKvi RbM‡Yi AwZwi³ Av‡qi my‡hvM n‡q‡Q|
K) miKvwi Kg©Pvwi‡ì L) wg‡ji kÖwgK‡ì 162| Gme GjvKvq RbM‡Yi †Kvb AwZwi³ Avq m„wó n‡q‡Q?
M) abx‡ì N) Rwgi gvwjK‡ì K) cÖK…Z Avq L) DØ„Ë Avq
150|`Progress and Poverty' MÖ‡ši †jLK †K? M) Dbœqb Avq N) AbycvwR©Z nq
K) wiKv‡Wv© L) ‡nbwi RR© M) gvk©vj N) m¨vgy‡qjmb 163|Gme GjvKvq RbM‡Yi AwZwi³ Avq m„wói KviY n‡jv-
151| Dc‡Rjv kni‡K †c․imfv †NvlYv Kiv n‡j GjvKvi f‚wgi gvwjKiv i) bZzb bZzb wewb‡qvM
mn‡RB †Kvb Avq Ki‡e? ii) GjvKvi DbœZ AeKvVv‡gv
K) cÖvwšÍK Avq L) f‚wgi Dbœqb Avq iii) abxi msL¨v ‡ewk _vKvq
M) AbycvwR©Z Avq N) †gvU Avq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
152| wewb‡qvM Qvov f‚wgi g~j¨ e„w×‡K wK e‡j? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) LvRbv L) †gvU Avq DËicÎ 1.L
M) wbU Avq N) AbycvwR©Z Avq 2.M 3.L 4.M 5.M 6.N 7.L
153| ÔKÕ e¨w³i Rwgi cvk w`‡q KvuPv iv¯ÍvwU cvKv n‡q‡Q| ÔKÕ e¨w³i 8.K 9.M 10.M 11.M 12.L 13.N
†Kvb cÖKv‡ii Avq n‡e? 14.K 15.M 16.K 17.M 18.N 19.M
K) cÖvwšÍK Avq L) f‚wg Dbœqb Avq 20.L 21.N 22.L 23.N 24.K 25.N
M) AbycvwR©Z Avq N) †gvU Avq 26.M 27.K 28.N 29.L 30.M 31.K
154| evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb mg‡q _vbv¸‡jv Dc‡Rjvq DbœxZ Kivq f‚wgi g~j¨ 32.L 33.N 34.M 35.K 36.M 37.M
K‡qK¸Y e„w× †c‡qwQj? 38.K 39.N 40.M 41.N 42.N 43.N
K) mË‡ii `k‡K L) Avwki `k‡K 44.L 45.L 46.M 47.K 48.K 49.L
M) lvU Gi `k‡K N) beŸB Gi `k‡K 50.K 51.M 52.L 53.M 54.M 55.M
155| mvgvwRK AMÖMwZi mv‡_ `ªe¨mvgMÖxi g~j¨ e„w× †c‡j Zv‡K wK ejv 56.N 57.N 58.M 59.K 60.M 61.K
nq? 62.M 63.M 64.N 65.K 66.L 67.K
K) AwZwi³ Avq L) cÖK…Z Avq 68.N 69.K 70.N 71.M 72.K 73.N
M) AbycvwR©Z Avq N) cÖvwšÍK Avq 74.N 75.M 76.L 77.L 78.M 79.L
156| AbycvwR©Z Avq m„wó nq †KvbwUi Kvi‡Y? 80.K 81.L 82.N 83.K 84.K 85.M
86.L 87.N 88.K 89.K 90.M 91.N
K) RbmsL¨v n«vm L) RbmsL¨v e„w×
92.K 93.M 94.M 95.M 96.K 97.N
M) Dbœqb cÖKí e‡Ü N) wk‡íi we‡K›`ªxKi‡Y
98.K 99.M 100.L 101.N 102.L 103.K
157|Ômgv‡Ri AMÖMwZ we‡kl e„w×i d‡j `ªe¨mvgMÖxi †h g~j¨ e„w× cvq
104.L 105.N 106.L 107.K 108.M 109.N
Zv‡K AbycvwR©Z Avq e‡j|ÕDw³wU †Kvb A_©bxwZwe‡ì? 110.M 111.K 112.L 113.K 114.K 115.K
K) gvk©vj L) GWvg w¯§_ M) P¨vcg¨vb N) m¨vgy‡qjmb 116.K 117.K 118.L 119.N 120.N 121.N
158| AbycvwR©Z Avq m„wói KviY n‡jv- 122.N 123.L 124.L 125.L 126.K 127.N
i) RbmsL¨v e„w× ii) cÖvK…wZK KviY 128.L 129.L 130.L 131.L 132.L 133.N
iii) miKvwi Dbœqb cÖKí 134.K 135.K 136.M 137.M 138.M 139.K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 140.N 141.N 142.K 143.N 144.M 145.K
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 146.K 147.M 148.K 149.N 150.L 151.M
159| Rwgi `vg e„w× cvIqvi KviY n‡jv- 152.N 153.M 154.L 155.M 156.L 157.M
i) bZzb GjvKvq kni M‡o IVv 158.N 159.N 160.N 161.N 162.N 163.K
ii) Rwg‡Z cwj cov cÖ‡dmi †gvt †mvnivIqv`x© I w`jviv AviRy m¨vi
iii) wk‡íi ¯vbxqKiY 1| Rwg eënv‡ii Rb¨ Zvi ¯^Ë¡vwaKvix‡K †h A_© cÖ`vb Kiv nq Zv‡K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wK e‡j?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) LvRbv L) gRywi M) my` N) jvf
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 160 I 161 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 2| A_©bxwZ‡Z LvRbv ej‡Z †Kvb LvRbv‡K †evSvq?
mvRy GKwU Ni fvov w`‡q cªwZ gv‡m 5000 UvKv cvq| Zvi K) †gvU LvRbv L) wbU LvRbv M) wbg LvRbv N) Pzw³e× LvRbv
GjvKvi iv¯ÍvNv‡Ui DbœwZi d‡j Nifvov †e‡o 7000 UvKv nq| 3| wbU LvRbv †gvU LvRbvi Kxiƒc?
GQvov GjvKvq Rwgi gvwjK‡ì Avq †e‡o hvq| K) cwieZ©K L) Askwe‡kl M) cwic~iK N) ga¨ _v‡K bv
160| mvRyi AwZwi³ A_© cÖvwß‡K A_©bxwZ‡Z Kx e‡j? 4| e¨w³i `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Rwgi †hvMvb Kxiƒc?
K) wbU LvRbv L) wbg LvRbv K) Aw¯wZ¯vcK L) wKQzUv w¯wZ¯vcK
M) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv N) AbycvwR©Z Avq M) weKí eënvi‡hvM¨ N) `vgk~b¨

234
5| DcKi‡Yi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K LvRbv KZ cÖKvi? 23| AvaywbK LvRbv Z‡Ë¡ e¨w³i I mvgvwRK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K f‚wgi
K) 2 cÖKvi L) 3 cÖKvi M) 4 cÖKvi M) 5 cÖKvi †hvMvb-
6| cÖvwšÍK Rwgi LvRbv †Kgb? i) w¯wZ¯vcK ii) wKQzUv w¯wZ¯vcK iii) m¤ú~Y© w¯wZ¯vcK
K) abvZ¥K L) k~b¨ M) FYvZ¥K N) AwaK wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
7| LvRbv Z‡Ë¡ cÖvwšÍK Rwg‡Z DØ„‡Ëi cwigvY KZ? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) abvZ¥K L) FYvZ¥K M) Amxg N) k~b¨ 24| AvaywbK ZË¡vbyhvqx LvRbv n‡jv-
8| ÔThe Principle of Political Economy and Taxation' i) AcÖvPzh©RwbZ LvRbv
ii) cÖvPzh©RwbZ LvRbv
MÖšwU †Kvb mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq?
iii) Rwgi LvRbv k~b¨ n‡jI Rwg w¯i
K) 1780 L) 1800 M) 1817 N) 1917
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
9| ¯^íKv‡j †Kvb LvRbvi D™¢e nq?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) wbg LvRbv L) †gvU LvRbv 25| wbg LvRbv n‡jv-
M) wbU LvRbv N) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv i) MR=SMC ii) TR<TVC iii) TR-TVC
10| ‡gvU LvRbv- (gRywi + g~ja‡bi my` + gybvdv + Ki) = ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) wbU LvRbv L) †gvU LvRbv M) wbg LvRbv N) AbycvwR©Z Avq K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
11| Pvwn`v I †hvMvb †iLv cÖ‡qvM K‡i LvRbv wba©viY g‡W‡ji e¨vL¨v 26| LvRbv I `v‡gi g‡a¨ m¤ú‡K© gZev` n‡jv-
cÖ`vb K‡ib †Kvb A_©bxwZwe`? i) wiKv‡Wv©i gZev` ii) wçi gZev` iii) AvaywbK gZev`
K) †WwfW wiKv‡Wv© L) Avj‡d«W gvk©vj wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) cj G. m¨vgy‡qjmb N) wW. †mj‡fUi K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
12| imyjcyi GjvKv‡K †c․imfv †_‡K wmwU K‡cv©‡ik‡b †NvlYv Kiv wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 27 I 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
n‡q‡Q| GLvbKvi f‚wgi gvwjKiv mn‡RB †Kvb Avq Ki‡e? mvRy Nievov w`‡q cÖwZgv‡m 5000 UvKv cvq| Zvi GjvKvi
K) cÖvwšÍK Avq L) f‚wgi Dbœqb Avq iv¯ÍvNv‡Ui DbœwZi d‡j Nifvov †e‡o 7000 UvKv nq| GQvov H
M) AbycvwR©Z Avq N) †gvU Avq GjvKvq Rwgi gvwjK‡ì Avq †e‡o hvq|
13| Rwgi †hvMvb `vg †bB †Kb? 27| mvRyi AwZwi³ A_© cªvwß‡K A_©bxwZ‡Z wK e‡j?
K) wbU LvRbv L) wbg LvRbv
K) Rwg cÖK„wZi `vb L) Rwg me©Î †`Lv †`Lv hvq
M) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv N) AbycvwR©Z LvRbv
M) Rwg µq-weµq Kiv hvq N) Rwg Drcv`bkxj 28| mvRyi GjvKvq cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯wZi Kvi‡Y-
14| Drcv`‡bi †h †Kv‡bv Dcv`vb Zvi †hvMvb `v‡gi †P‡q †ewk Avq i) RxebhvÎvi e¨q e„w× cv‡e ii) Drcv`b e„w× cv‡e
Ki‡j Zvi DØ„Ë Avq‡K Kx n‡e? iii) `vg¯Íi e„w× cv‡e
K) Dc LvRbv L) wbU LvRbv M) wbg LvRbv N) ‡gvU LvRbv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
15| AvaywbK LvRbv Z‡Ë¡ LvRbv Kx‡mi Øviv wba©vwiZ nq? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) f‚wgi Pvwn`v = f‚wgi †hvMvb L) f‚wgi Pvwn`v > f~wgi †hvMvb DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 29 I 30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
M) f‚wgi Pvwn`v < f‚wgi †hvMvb N) f‚wgi Pvwn`v > f‚wgi †hvMvb ewki GKRb cÖvwšÍK K…lK| wZwb 1 weNv De©i Rwg 1 eQi eënv‡ii
16| Avj‡d«W gvk©v‡ji g‡Z, ¯^íKv‡j gvbem„ó DcKi‡Yi ¯^vfvweK Rb¨ Rwgi gvwjK‡K 10,000 UvKv w`‡q‡Qb| D³ RwgwU kn‡ii
A‡cÿv AwZwi³ †h Avq AwR©Z nq Zv‡K wK e‡j? wbKUeZx© nIqvq wZwb jvfevb n‡eb e‡j Avkv K‡ib|
K) LvRbv L) wbg LvRbv M) †gvU LvRbv N) wbU LvRbv 29| ewki f‚wgi gvwjK‡K †Kvb LvRbv cÖ`vb K‡ib?
17| LvRbv I `v‡gi g‡a¨ m¤ú‡K© KqwU gZev`? K) wbg LvRbv L) †gvU LvRbv
K) 2wU L) 3wU M) 4wU N) 5wU M) wbU LvRbv N) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv
30| ewki Rwgi gvwjK‡K LvRbv †Ìqvi KviY n‡jv-
18| LvRbvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ bv _vK‡jI Rwg ev cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì Kx cwieZ©b nq?
i) f‚wgi Ae¯vbMZ cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y
K) nq L) nq bv M) †ewk N) Kg
ii) cÖvwšÍK K…lK e‡j
19| hLb Rwgi LvRbv k~b¨ nq, ZLb f‚wgi †hvMvb †Kgb _v‡K?
iii) f‚wgi †hvMvb Aw¯wZ¯vcK e‡j
K) k~b¨ L) Amxg M) w¯i N) mmxg wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
20| wbg LvRbvi Drm- K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
i) ¯^íKv‡j †hvMvb mxgve× wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 31 bs I 32 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
ii) `xN©Kv‡j †hvMvb evov‡bv hvq MwY wgqvi wbR¯^ Rwg †bB| †m Zvi cÖwZ‡ewk Avmv` mv‡n‡ei Rwg
iii) cÖvK…wZKfv‡e mxgve× eMv©Pvl K‡i| MwY wgqv Avmv` mv‡n‡ei Rwg Pvl Kivi Kvi‡Y
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Drcvw`Z dm‡ji GKwU Ask Zv‡K cÖ`vb K‡i|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 31| Aby‡”Q‡` A_©bxwZi †Kvb aviYv dz‡U D‡V‡Q?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) `vg L) gRywi M) Avq N) LvRbv
32| G ai‡bi aviYv m„wói g~‡j &i‡q‡Q-
21| Pvwn`v e„w× †c‡jI †hvMvb evov‡bv Am¤¢e nIqvi †h․w³K KviY
i) Rwgi De©iZvi cv_©K¨
n‡jv Rwgi †hvMvb-
ii) Rwgi †hvMv‡bi Aw¯wZ¯vcKZv
i) mxgve× ii) mxwgZ iii) †ewk
iii) Rwgi Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
22| A_©‣bwZK LvRbv e„w× cvIqvi KviY n‡jv- DËicÎ 1.K 2.L 3.L 4.L
i) RbmsL¨v e„w× ii) Lv‡`ï Pvwn`v e„w× iii) f‚wgi De©iZv e„w× 5.K 6.L 7.N 8.M 9.K 10.K 11.K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 12.M 13.K 14.L 15.K 16.L 17.K 18.L
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 19.M 20.K 21.K 22.N 23.L 24.L 25.N
26.L 27.N 28.N 29.L 30.L 31.N 32.K
235
iYwRZ Kzgvi bv_ m¨vi 11. wbg LvRbvi cÖeZ©K-Aa¨vcK gvk©vj|
1| LvRbv D™¢‡ei g~j wfwË wK? 12. LvRbv‡K Drcv`‡Ki DØ„Ë e‡j‡Qb-‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v|
K) mxgve× †hvMvb L) Ae¯vbMZ cv_©K¨ 13. cÖvwßK Rwgi LvRbv-k~b¨ nq|
M) my‡hvM e¨q N) De©iZv 14. A‡cÿvK…Z DrK…ó Rwgi LvRbv A‡cÿvK…Z wbK…ó Rwgi LvRbv
2| LvRbvi cv_©K¨ N‡U- A‡cÿv-‡ewk|
i) Ae¯v‡bi Kvi‡Y 15. LvRbv n‡jv-`v‡gi dj|
ii) f‚wgi mxgve×Zvi Kvi‡Y 16. ÔLvRbv Drcv`b e¨‡qi AskÕ †Kvb A_©bxwZwe`‡ì aviYv-AvaywbK
iii) f‚wgi Drcvw`Kv kw³i Kvi‡Y A_©bxwZwe`|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 17. RbmsL¨v e„w× †c‡j-LvRbv ev‡o|
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 18. RbmsL¨v n«vm †c‡j-LvRbv n«vm cvq|
3| AvaywbK ZË¡ Abyhvqx LvRbv- 19. gvbem„ó hš¿cvwZi ¯^íKvjxb wbU Avq‡K e‡j-Dc-LvRbv|
i) ïay Rwg †_‡K cÖvß AwZwi³ Avq 20. wbU LvRbv n‡jv-‡gvU LvRbvi GKwU Ask|
ii) Drcv`‡bi †h †Kv‡bv DcKiY †_‡K m„ó DØ„Ë Avq 21. wbU LvRbv‡K Ab¨ †h bv‡g WvKv hvq-weï× LvRbv|
iii) `vg‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡ZI cv‡i Avevi bvI cv‡i 22. ÔLvRbv n‡jv Drcv`b Li‡Pi DØ„Ë AvqÕ, aviYvwU-‡WwfW wiKv‡Wv©i|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 23. wewb‡qvM Qvov f‚wgi g~j¨ e„w×‡K ejv nq-AbycvwR©Z Avq|
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii weMZ mv‡j wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© cixÿvq Avmv
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 4 I 5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: cÖ‡kœi wfwWI K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
GKwU Kjg •Zixi KviLvbvq Kj‡gi Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q 2.80
UvKv, Mo e¨q 3.20 UvKv Ges Kj‡gi weµq g~j¨ 5.00 UvKv|
4| DÏxc‡K wbg LvRbviÕ cwigvY KZ UvKv?
K) 2.80 L) 3.20 M) 2.20 N) 5.00
5| DÏxc‡K ÔLvRbviÕ cwigvY KZ UvKv?
L) 2.80 L) 1.80 M) 3.20 N) 5.00
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 6 I 7 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
AvRgj mv‡ne‡K Zvi evwoi we`y¨r, M¨vm I cvwbi wej eve` gv‡m
b~b¨Zg 2000 UvKv LiP Ki‡Z nq| wZwb evwowU gvwmK 5000
UvKvq fvov w`‡jb| wKQzw`b ci D³ GjvKvq GKwU wek¦we`¨vjq kvnRvjvj weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq
¯vwcZ n‡j wZwb evwowU gvwmK 9000 UvKvq †gm wn‡m‡e fvov 01| GKKfv‡e RvZxq Av‡q e„nËg Askx`vi n‡jv-[SUST: 2019-20]
w`‡Z PvB‡jb| K) my` L) LvRbv M) gvwjKvbv Avq N) K‡cv©‡iU gybvdv
6| AvRgj mv‡n‡ei A_©‣bwZK LvRbv KZ? DËi: L
K) 2000 L) 3000 M) 4000 N) 5000 02| wbg LvRbvi cÖeZ©K †K? [MBSTU:2017-18]
7| wek¦we`¨vjq ¯vwcZ nevi ci- K) ‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v L) gvk©vj M) iweÝ N) m¨vgy‡qjmb
i) AvRgj mv‡ne wbg LvRbv cv‡eb DËi: L
ii) LvRbv fvovq AšÍf©y&³ n‡e
h‡kvi weÁvb cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq
iii) bZzb bZzb evmv •Zix n‡j wbg LvRbv †jvc cv‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 01| ‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v cÖ`Ë LvRbv ZË¡ †KvbwU? [JUST: 2018-19]
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) Rent = TR - TC > 0 L) Rent = AE - TE > 0
DËicÎ M) Rent = TR - TC <0 N) Rent = AE - TE < 0
1.K 2.N 3.N 4.M 5.L 6.L 7.N DËi: M
Zzwg Avgvi (wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© cixÿv) e¨vL¨v: ‡WwfW wiKv‡Wv© 1817 mv‡j LvRbv ZË¡ cÖ`vb K‡i|
1. mvaviY A‡_© LvRbv ej‡Z †evSvq-f‚wgi Rb¨ f‚wgi gvwjK‡K cª‡`q ‡WwfW wiKv‡W©vi LvRbv ZË¡wU n‡jv Rent = TR - TC < 0|
A_©| ‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v LvRbv m¤ú‡K© The Principle of Political
2. f‚wg I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì Rb¨ Zvi gvwjK‡K hv cÖ`vb Kiv Economy and Taxation' bvgK MÖ‡š Av‡jvPbv K‡ib|
nq-LvRbv| Ávbg~jK cÖkœ
3. Ôf‚wg I Ab¨vb¨ cÖvK…wZK m¤c` †_‡K †h Avq nq Zv‡K LvRbv e‡jÕ 1. LvRbv Kx?
Dw³wU-Aa¨vcK gvk©v‡ji| 2. wbU LvRbv Kx?
4. Ôf~wgi Avw` I Aÿq kw³ eënv‡ii Rb¨ Drcv`‡bi †h Ask f‚wgi 3. ïaygvÎ A_©bxwZ‡Z LvRbv Kx?
gvwjK‡K †Ìqv nq Zv‡K LvRbv e‡j e‡j‡Qb-‡WwfW wiKv‡Wv©| 4. ‡Kb f~wgi gvwjK‡K LvRbv w`‡Z nq?
5. AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe`‡ì g‡Z LvRbv n‡jv-DØ„Ë Avq| 5. ‡gvU LvRbv Kx?
6. LvRbvi D™¢‡ei RbK-‡WwfW wiKv‡Wv©| 6. wbU LvRbvi Aci bvg Kx?
7. ïay Rwg eënv‡ii Rb¨ †h LvRbv †Ìqv nq Zv‡K wK e‡j-wbU 7. LvRbv m¤ú‡K© Aa¨vcK gvkv©‡ji Dw³ Kx?
LvRbv| 8. cÖvwšÍK Rwg Kv‡K e‡j?
8. wbU LvRbvi Ab¨ bvg-A_©‣bwZK LvRbv| 9. AbycvwR©Z Avq Kx?
9. Rwgi gvwjK †Kv‡bv cwikÖg QvovB AwZwi³ †h Avq K‡i Zv‡K 10. wbg LvRbv Kx?
e‡jÑAbycvwR©Z Avq| Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ
10. gvby‡li •Zix Drcv`‡bi mvR-miÄvg I g~jab `ªe¨mvgMÖx n‡Z ¯^íKv‡j 1. Òf~wg Drcv`‡bi GKwU Aw¯wZ¯vcK Dcv`vbÓ-e¨vL¨v `vI|
†h Avq cvIqv hvq Zv‡K e‡jÑwbg LvRbv ev Dc-LvRbv| 2. LvRbv †Kb †Ìqv nq?
236
3. f~wg †hvMvb m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK-e¨vL¨v Ki| M. Dc‡ii †iLvwP‡Î LvRbv wbav©i‡Yi †Kvb ZË¡wU Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q?
4. Ae¯vbMZ cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y †Kb LvRbv †Ìqv nq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
5. Rwg‡Z µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai Kvh©KvwiZvi ìæY LvRbvi N. wP‡Î LvRbvi cwigvY KZ Ges Kxfv‡e LvRbv wbav©wiZ n‡q‡Q?
D™¢e nq-e¨vL¨v Ki| we‡kølY Ki|
6. LvRbv I `v‡gi m¤úK© †jL| 5. A_©bxwZ K¬v‡m cÖ‡dmi Avt gvbœvb QvÎQvÎx‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ LvRbv wbav©iY
7. LvRbv `vg‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i wK? DË‡ii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| m¤ú‡K© `ywU ZË¡ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb, wiKv‡Wv©i LvRbv
8. LvRbv wK `v‡gi AšÍfz©³? Z‡Ë¡i mg¯Í mxgve×Zv `~i Ki‡Z AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe`MY LvRbv
9. LvRbv `vg Øviv cÖfvweZ nq-e¨vL¨v Ki| m¤úwK©Z G ZË¡wU cÖ`vb K‡ib|
10. RbmsL¨v e„w× Kxfv‡e AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi m„wó Ki‡e? K. AbycvwR©Z Avq Kv‡K e‡j?
11. AbycvwR©Z Avq Kxfv‡e D™¢e nq? L. Rwg‡Z µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai Kvh©KvwiZvi ìæY
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ LvRbvi D™¢e nq-e¨vL¨v Ki|
1. bv›Uz wgTv GKRb K…lK| wZwb A‡bï Rwg wjR wb‡q Pvlvev` M. LvRbv wbav©i‡Y K¬vwmKvj I AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe`M‡Yi aviYvi
K‡ib| wZwb Rwgi gvwjK‡K Rwg eënv‡ii Rb¨ 3,000 UvKv, cv_©K¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|
Rwg‡Z wb‡qvMK…Z kÖwg‡Ki gRywi 1,500 UvKv, wewb‡qvMK…Z g~ja‡bi N. AvaywbK A_©bxwZwe`MY Kxfv‡e LvRbv wbav©i‡bi ZË¡ Zz‡j
my` eve` 1,200 UvKv Ges SzuwK en‡bi Rb¨ 2,000 UvKv †`b| a‡i‡Qb wPÎmn e¨vL¨v Ki|
wZwb ‣`wbK 600 UvKv Uªv±i fvov K‡i Rwg Pvl K‡ib| Zvi 6. wg. AvIjv` †nv‡mb •cZ…Km~‡Î 3 weNv Rwg †c‡jb| Zvi Rwgi
†`Lv‡`wL AbïvI Uªv±i fvov K‡i Rwg Pvl Avi¤¢ K‡i| d‡j Uªv±i Ae¯v‡bi cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y De©ZviI wewfbœ nq| G‡Z Zvi Rwgi cÖvß
fvov e„w× †c‡q nq 750 UvKv| AvqI wfbœ nq| Zvi eÜz Rv‡n`yj Bmjvg iwek‡mï mgq Uªv±i I
K. wbU LvRbv Kx? cvwbi †mP †gwkb fvov w`‡qI Kg mg‡qi g‡a¨ cÖPzi Avq K‡i
L. RbmsL¨v e„w× Kxfv‡e AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi m„wó Ki‡e? _v‡Kb|
M. DÏxcK n‡Z †gvU LvRbv wbY©q Ki| K. wbU LvRbv Kx?
N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z LvRbvmg~‡ni DrcwËi KviY wK GK? ‡Zvgvi L. LvRbv `v‡gi AšÍfz©³ wK?
gZvgZ e¨vL¨v Ki| M. Rv‡n`yj Bmjv‡gi LvRbvi cÖK…wZ wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|
2. 2012 mv‡j wg. X evmv fvov wb‡Z †M‡j evmvi gvwjK wb‡¤œv³ nv‡i N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wg. AvIjv` †nv‡mb I Rv‡n`yj Bmjv‡gi
fvov avh© K‡ib| evmv eënv‡ii Rb¨ 2,000 UvKv, SzuwKi Rb¨ 1,000 LvRbv cv_©K¨ †jL|
UvKv, iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi Rb¨ 1,000 UvKv I Ab¨vb¨ eve` AviI 2,000
UvKv w`‡Z n‡e| 2014 mv‡j evmvwUi cv‡k GKwU KviLvbv ¯vcb n‡j
GB Aa¨v‡qi (CQ) wfwWI
evmvi gvwjK wg. X †K evmv eënv‡ii Rb¨ 2,000 UvKv e„w× K‡ib| K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
K. AbycvwR©Z Avq Kx?
L. f~wgi †hvMvb m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK-e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU LvRbv I A_©‣bwZK LvRbv wbY©q Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wbg LvRbv Ges †gvU LvRbvi m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v 7.
Ki|
3.

K. LvRbv Kv‡K e‡j?

L. `xN©Kv‡j wbg LvRbv k~b¨ nq †Kb?
K. wbU LvRbv Kx? M. DÏxcK n‡Z AvaywbK LvRbv ZË¡ Abyhvqx A_©‣bwZK LvRbvi
L. LvRbv Kx `vg‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i wK? DË‡ii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| (ER) cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K E we›`y‡Z A_©‣bwZK LvRbvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki N. DÏxc‡Ki †hvMvb m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK n‡j Z_v †hvMvb †iLv B
N. RbmsL¨v e„w×i d‡j DcwiD³ wP‡Îi Kx ai‡bi cÖfve co‡e e‡j Ges C we›`y eivei Ae¯vb Ki‡j A_©‡bwZK LvRbvi Kxiƒc cwieZ©b
n‡e? wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki|
g‡b Ki? wPÎ A¼bc~e©K e¨vL¨v Ki|
8. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki:
4. wPÎwU jÿ Ki:

K. wbU LvRbv Kx? K. wbU LvRbv Kx?

L. LvRbv †Kb †`Iqv nq? L. LvRbv †Kb †`Iqv nq? e¨vL¨v Ki|

237
M. DÏxc‡K cÖ`wk©Z wP‡Îi LvRbvi †Kvb ZË¡wU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv 12. Rbve gywbiæ¾vgv‡bi †QvU GKLÐ Rwgi cvk w`‡q nvBI‡q •Zwi
e¨vL¨v Ki| nIqvq Zvi Rwgi `vg K‡qK¸Y e„w× cvq| Gi my‡hv‡M wZwb D”P
N. Rwgi Pvwn`v D1D1 ‡_‡K D2D2 ‡Z e„w× †c‡j LvRbvi Ici Kx `v‡g RwgwU weµq K‡i `~ieZx© GjvKvq Kg `v‡gi Rwg µq K‡i
cÖfve co‡e Zvi wek` e¨vL¨v Ki| emev‡mi e¨e¯v K‡ib Ges wewfbœ ©ai‡bi bq GKK Rwg Pvlvev‡`i
9. GKwU GjvKvi R‣bK e¨w³i Rwgi cwigvY Ges GKK cÖwZ `v‡gi Rb¨ fvov †`b| cÖ_g wZb GKi Rwgi †gvU Avq 12,000 UvKv,
Z_¨ wb‡¤œi †jLwP‡Î †`Lv‡bv n‡jv-
wØZxq wZb GKK Rwgi †gvU Avq 8,000 UvKv Ges Z„Zxq wZb
GKK Rwgi †gvU Avq 6,000 UvKv| cÖ‡Z¨K cÖKvi Rwg‡Z dmj
Pv‡li †gvU Avq 6,000 UvKv|
K. wbg LvRbv Kx?
L. LvRbv I `v‡gi m¤úK© ‡jL|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Rbve gywbiæ¾vgv‡bi Rwg weµ‡qi Avq‡K †Kvb ai‡bi
Avq ejv hvq Zv hyw³mn †jL|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wiKv‡Wv©i LvRbv ZË¡ we‡kølY Ki|
K. A_©‣bwZK LvRbv Kx?
L. LvRbv wK `v‡gi AšÍfz©³? 13. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkø©ó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|
M. DÏxc‡K LvRbvi †Kvb ZË¡wU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Rwgi Pvwn`v †iLv hw` F we›`y‡Z ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq, Z‡e
LvRbvi Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
10.

L. †Kb LvRbv `v‡gi AšÍfz©³ bq?
M. wPÎ †_‡K AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi aviYvwU e¨vL¨v Ki|
K. wbU LvRbv Kv‡K e‡j? N. Rwgi Pvwn`v e„w× QvovI Avi Kx Kx Kvi‡b LvRbv m„ó n‡Z cv‡i?
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †jL|
L. LvRbv I wbg LvRbv wK GKB? e¨vL¨v Ki|
14. wg. ‘M’ Gi A‡bK m¤ú`| wZwb wewfbœ cÖKvi eëmvq RwoZ| wZwb
M. DÏxcK Abyhvqx †gvU LvRbvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
Zvi febmg~n fvov w`‡q gv‡m 20,000 UvKv, hš¿cvwZi fvov eve`
N. DÏxc‡K f~wg Pvwn`v e„w× †c‡j †Kvb ai‡Yi Av‡qi D™¢e n‡e?
15,000 UvKv cvb| Zvi MÖv‡gi Pvlvev‡ì wewbg‡q Zv‡K Pvwliv
wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 10,000 UvKv ‡`b| miKvi Zvi GjvKvq wkí cvK© Kivi wm×všÍ
11. Rvwgj †kL GKRb eëmvqx| wZwb Zvi mwÂZ 80 nvRvi UvKv w`‡q wb‡q‡Q| GLb Zvi feb I hš¿cvwZ n‡Z cÖwZ gv‡m h_vµ‡g
ivRkvnx kn‡ii LoLwo GjvKvq 10 KvVv Avevw` Rwg †K‡bb| 25,000 UvKv I 20,000 UvKv Avq nq|
wKQzw`b c‡i Zvi Rwgi cvk w`‡q evBcvm †ivW •Zwi nq| Gi wKQzw`b K. A_©‣bwZK LvRbvi msÁv `vI|
c‡iB G iv¯Ívi avi w`‡q M¨v‡mi jvBb hvq| GwmAvB †Kv¤úvwb GLv‡b L. µgn«vmmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai Kvi‡Y †Kb LvRbvi D™¢e nq?
GKwU eo nvum-gyiwM I Mevw` cïi Lv`¨ KviLvbv K‡i| d‡j Zvui GB M. DÏxc‡Ki wfwË‡Z wg.‘M’-Gi †gvU LvRbv I wbg LvRbvi
Rwgi `vg †e‡o 8 jvL UvKv nq| wZwb A‡a©K Rwg 4 jvL UvKvq wewµ cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
K‡i wfZ‡ii w`‡K wZb weNv Av‡gi evMvb †K‡bb| weNv Av‡gi evMvb N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wkí cvK© ¯vc‡bi ci IB GjvKvq AbycvwR©Z
†_‡K Zvi Avq h_vµ‡g 24,000 UvKv, 18,000 UvKv n‡jI cÖ‡Z¨K Av‡qi Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
weNvq 12,000 UvKv K‡i e¨q nq| 15. kwn`yj I AvBqye Avjx Rvj I †b․Kv w`‡q mvwbqvRvb b`x‡Z gvQ a‡i|
nVvr b`x‡Z cÖPzi gvQ aiv covq Rvj I †b․Kvi Pvwn`v A‡bK ‡e‡o
K. LvRbv Kx?
hvq| kwn`yj I AvBqye Avjx †P‡qwQj bZzb Rvj I †b․Kv wKb‡e| Zv G
L. Òf~wg Drcv`‡bi GKwU Aw¯wZ¯vcK Dcv`vbÓ-e¨vL¨v `vI|
¯^í mg‡q m¤¢e nqwb| ZvB Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †hme Rvj I ‡b․Kv wQj
M. DÏxc‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ Rvwgj †k‡Li AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi welqwU e¨vL¨v Ki| †m¸‡jv w`‡q gvQ a‡i A‡bK Avq Kiv m¤¢e|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Avg evMvb †_‡K cÖvß Avq †Kvb LvRbv Z‡Ë¡i m‡½ K. LvRbv Kx?
m¤úwK©Z? e¨vL¨v `vI| L. AbycvwR©Z Avq Kxfv‡e m„wó nq?
M. Rvj I †b․Kvi †ÿ‡Î Kx ai‡bi LvRbvi D™¢e n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. `xN©‡gqv`x Rvj I †b․Kv †_‡K AwZwi³ Avq Kiv m¤¢e n‡e wK?
we‡kølY Ki|

238
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-8g (Set-A)
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. 2. kwn`yj I AvBqye Avjx Rvj I †b․Kv w`‡q KY©dzjx b`x‡Z gvQ a‡i|
nVvr b`x‡Z cÖPzi gvQ aiv covq Rvj I †b․Kvi Pvwn`v A‡bK ‡e‡o hvq|
kwn`yj I AvBqye Avjx †P‡qwQj bZzb Rvj I †b․Kv wKb‡e| Zvi G ¯^í
mg‡q m¤¢e nqwb| ZvB Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †hme Rvj I ‡b․Kv wQj †m¸‡jv
w`‡q gvQ a‡i A‡bK Avq Kiv m¤¢e|
K. LvRbv Kx? 1
K. wbg LvRbv Kx? 1 L. AbycvwR©Z Avq Kxfv‡e m„wó nq? 2
L. LvRbv wK `vg‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i? DË‡ii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 2 M. Rvj I †b․Kvi †ÿ‡Î Kx ai‡bi LvRbvi D™¢e n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
M. DÏxc‡K E we›`y‡Z A_©‣bwZK LvRbvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3 N. `xN©‡gqv`x Rvj I †b․Kv †_‡K AwZwi³ Avq Kiv m¤¢e n‡e?
N. RbmsL¨v e„w×i d‡j DcwiD³ wP‡Îi Kx ai‡bi cÖfve co‡e e‡j we‡kølY Ki| 4
g‡b Ki? wPÎ A¼bc~e©K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 1 I 2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 8| wbg LvRbv †ei Kivi m~Î †KvbwU?
GKwU Kjg •Zixi KviLvbvq Kj‡gi Mo cwieZ©bkxj e¨q 2.80 K) †gvU Avq - †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q
UvKv, Mo e¨q 3.20 UvKv Ges Kj‡gi weµq g~j¨ 5.00 UvKv| L) †gvU Avq-‡gvU e¨q
1| DÏxc‡K wbg LvRbviÕ cwigvY KZ UvKv? M) †gvU LvRbv-wbU LvRbv
K) 2.80 L) 3.20 M) 2.20 N) 5.00 N) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv- wbU LvRbv
2| DÏxc‡K ÔLvRbviÕ cwigvY KZ UvKv? 9| wbg LvRbv aviYvwU †Kvb aviYvi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©?
L) 2.80 L) 1.80 M) 3.20 N) 5.00 K) `xN©Kvjxb L) ¯^íKvjxb
3| wbg LvRbv aviYvi cÖeZ©b †K? M) gaëZx©Kvjxb N) cÖvK-cÖv_wgK
K) †WwfW wiKv‡W©v L) Aa¨vcK gvk©vj 10| `Progress and Poverty' MÖ‡ši †jLK †K?
M) RR© w÷Mjvi N) wW m¨vj‡fUi K) wiKv‡Wv© L) ‡nbwi RR©
4| ÔRwgi Avw` I Aÿq kw³ eënv‡ii Rb¨ Rwgi gvwjK‡K hv †Ìqv M) gvk©vj N) m¨vgy‡qjmb
nq ZvB LvRbvÕ-Dw³wU Kvi? 11| wbg LvRbv n‡jv-
K) A¨vWvg w¯§_ L) Aa¨vcK gvk©vj i) AR-AVC
M) wiKv‡Wv© N) cj m¨vgy‡qjmb ii) TR < TVC
5| Pzw³e× LvRbvi Aci bvg Kx? iii) TR-TVC
K) wbg LvRbv L) wbU LvRbv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) †gvU LvRbv N) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
DÏxcKwU co Ges 6 I 7 bs cª‡kœi DËi `vI: 12| LvRbv Kx ai‡bi Avq?
im~jcyi MÖv‡gi gvZeŸi †nv‡m‡bi wZb RvqMvq 1 weNv K‡i wZb K) cÖK„Z Avq L) ev¯ÍewfwËK Avq
†kÖwYi Rwg Av‡Q| wb‡Pi mviwY‡Z MZ eQi Rwg‡Z avb Drcv`‡bi M) gy³ Avq N) DØ„Ë Avq
e¨q I Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡Yi GKwU wnmve †`qv n‡jv: 13| wbg LvRbv aviYvwU †K cÖeZ©b K‡ib?
Rwgi Drcv`b LiP Drcvw`Z av‡bi K) A_©bxwZwe` †nbwi RR© L) Aa¨vcK gvk©vj
†kÖwY (UvKvq) weµqjä Avq (UvKvq) M) †WwfW wiKv‡Wv© N) A¨vWvg w¯§_
1g 6000 10000 14| TR-TVC= Kx?
2q 6000 8000 K) wbg LvRbv L) wbU LvRbv
3q 6000 6000 M) †gvU LvRbv N) AbycvwR©Z LvRbv
6| 2q †kÖwYi LvRbv KZ? 15| f‚wgi Rb¨ LvRbv †Ìqv nq, KviY-
K) 6000 UvKv L) 4000 UvKv i) f‚wgi †hvMvb mxgve×
M) 2000 UvKv N) 0 UvKv ii) f‚wgi De©iZvi cv_©K¨ Av‡Q
7| wiKv‡Wv©i LvRbv ZË¡vbymv‡i gvZeŸi †nv‡m‡bi 3q †kÖwYi Rwg‡K Kx iii) f‚wg‡Z µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b e„w×
ejv nq? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i) cÖvwšÍK Rwg ii) LvRbvwenxb Rwg iii) wbK…ó Rwg K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

239
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-8g (Set-B)
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. GKwU GjvKvi R‣bK e¨w³i Rwgi cwigvY Ges GKK cÖwZ `v‡gi 2. bv›Uz wgTv GKRb K…lK| wZwb A‡bï Rwg wjR wb‡q Pvlvev`
Z_¨ wb‡¤œi †jLwP‡Î †`Lv‡bv n‡jv- K‡ib| wZwb Rwgi gvwjK‡K Rwg eënv‡ii Rb¨ 3,000 UvKv,
Rwg‡Z wb‡qvMK…Z kÖwg‡Ki gRywi 1,500 UvKv, wewb‡qvMK…Z g~ja‡bi
my` eve` 1,200 UvKv Ges SzuwK en‡bi Rb¨ 2,000 UvKv †`b| wZwb
‣`wbK 600 UvKv Uªv±i fvov K‡i Rwg Pvl K‡ib| Zvi †`Lv‡`wL
AbïvI Uªv±i fvov K‡i Rwg Pvl Avi¤¢ K‡i| d‡j Uªv±i fvov e„w×
†c‡q nq 750 UvKv|
K. wbU LvRbv Kx? 1
L. RbmsL¨v e„w× Kxfv‡e AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi m„wó Ki‡e? 2
K. A_©‣bwZK LvRbv Kx? 1
L. LvRbv wK `v‡gi AšÍfz©³? 2 M. DÏxcK n‡Z †gvU LvRbv wbY©q Ki| 3
M. DÏxc‡K LvRbvi †Kvb ZË¡wU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|3 N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z LvRbvmg~‡ni DrcwËi KviY wK GK? ‡Zvgvi
N. DÏxc‡Ki Rwgi Pvwn`v †iLv hw` F we›`y‡Z ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq, Z‡e gZvgZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
LvRbvi Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt
01| GKKfv‡e RvZxq Av‡q e„nËg Askx`vi n‡jv- DÏxcKwU co Ges 10 I 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) my` L) LvRbv Rbve ÔQ' GKRb cÖvwšÍK K…lK| wZwb GK eQ‡ii Rb¨ R e¨w³i 1
M) gvwjKvbv Avq N) K‡cv©‡iU gybvdv weNv Rwg‡Z Pvlvev‡ì Rb¨ 15000 UvKv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| kn‡ii
02| wbg LvRbvi cÖeZ©K †K? wbKUeZx© nIqvq Rwg †_‡K cÖvß Avq †ewk n‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq|
K) ‡WwfW wiKv‡W©v L) gvk©vj 10| Q e¨w³ Rwg eënv‡ii Rb¨ R e¨w³‡K hv cÖ`vb K‡ib Zv n‡jv-
M) iweÝ N) m¨vgy‡qjmb K) wbg LvRbv L) wbU LvRbv
3| Avkivd mv‡n‡ei Rwgi LvRbv 5000 UvKv; gRywi 1000 UvKv; my` M) Ki N) gybvdv
1000 UvKv; miKvwi Ki 1000 UvKv Ges gybvdv 1000 UvKv n‡j 11| Q e¨w³i R e¨w³‡K hv cÖ`vb K‡ib Zv n‡jv-
wbU LvRbv KZ? i) †m cÖvwšÍK K…lK e‡j
K) 1000 UvKv L) 2000 UvKv ii) RwgwUi Ae¯vbMZ KviY
M) 3000 UvKv N) 4000 UvKv iii) Rwgi Aw¯wZ¯vcK †hvMv‡bi Kvi‡Y
4| wiKv‡Wv©i c‡i †Kvb A_©bxwZwe` LvRbv aviYv we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e e¨vL¨v wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
‡`b? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) †÷vwbqvi †nM L) Aa¨vcK gvk©vj
12| `Progress and Poverty' MÖ‡ši †jLK †K?
M) RR© w÷Mjvi N) m¨vgy‡qjmb K) wiKv‡Wv© L) ‡nbwi RR©
5| Av‡qi `„wó †KvY †_‡K LvRbv‡K Kqfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq? M) gvk©vj N) m¨vgy‡qjmb
K) 2 L) 3 13| Rwgi `vg e„w× cvIqvi KviY n‡jv-
M) 4 N) 5
i) bZzb GjvKvq kni M‡o IVv
6| wiKv‡W©v Rwg‡K Kq †kÖwY‡Z fvM K‡i‡Qb?
ii) Rwg‡Z cwj cov
K) 2 L) 3
M) 4 N) 5 iii) wk‡íi ¯vbxqKiY
7| wiKv‡Wv© Zvi LvRbv Z‡Ë¡ gZ cÖKvk K‡ibwb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i) LvRbvi A_© K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
14| wbg LvRbvi Rb¨ Rwgi gvwjK‡K-
ii) LvRbv DrcwËi KviY
i) cÖPzi wewb‡qvM Ki‡Z nq
iii) LvRbv wba©viY cÖwµqv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii) †Kv‡bv cwikÖg ev †Póv Ki‡Z nq bv
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii iii) kn‡ii wbK‡U Rwg _vK‡Z nq
8| Rwgi Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx L) evgw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
M) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj 15| f‚ wgi eënv‡ii `vg‡K LvRbv ejvi AšÍ wbwn© Z KviY †KvbwU?
9| wb‡Pi †KvbwU A_©‣bwZK LvRbvi m~Î? K) †hvMvb †ewk L) †hvMvb mxgve×
K) AR-AVC L) TR-TVC M) †hvMvb Amxg N) Pvwn`v mxgve×
M) AFV+ AwZwi³ Avq N) †gvU LvRbv (gRywi + my` + gybvdv + Ki)

240
m„Rbkxj As‡ki mv‡Rkb
mvgwMÖK Av‡qi aviYv 1. Kxfv‡e e¨q c×wZ‡Z RvZxq Avq wbY©q Kiv nq e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
2. RvZxq Avq cwigv‡ci Avq c×wZi aviYv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
wRwWwc, wRGbAvB I 1. RvZxq Avq cwigv‡ci Avq c×wZ evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Dbœqbkxj †`‡k cy‡ivcywi Kvh©Ki bqÑ we‡kølY K‡iv|
GbGbAvB 2. †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b (GNP) I †gvU †`kR Drcv`b (GDP) wbY©q K‡iv|
3. †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b (GNP) I †gvU †`kR Drcv`b (GDP) aviYv we‡kølY K‡iv|
4. GNI wbY©q K‡iv|
5. NNI wK GNI A‡cÿv †ewk n‡e? we‡kølY K‡iv|
6. †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b mv‡_ ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`‡bi cv_©K¨ e¨vL¨v/we‡kølY K‡iv|
7. (X-M)=0 n‡j we‡eP¨ †`kwUi GNP I GDP ci¯úi mgvb n‡e|
mvgwMÖK e¨q 1. ‡fvM m~wP †_‡K †fvM †iLv A¼b K‡iv|
2. mvgwMÖK e¨q wbY©q K‡iv|
3. Avq¯Íi k~b¨ n‡j †fvM¯Íi KZ n‡e Ges †Kb? we‡kølY K‡iv|
4. wewb‡qvM e„w× †c‡j I RvZxq Avq ev‡oÑ we‡kølY K‡iv|
mÂq 1. m~wP †_‡K mÂq ‡iLv A¼b K‡iv|
Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z 1. `yÕLvZ wewkó A_©bxwZ‡Z fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q K‡iv|
fvimvg¨ Avq wba©viY 2. wZb LvZ wewkó A_©bxwZ‡Z fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q K‡iv|
3. fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wba©vi‡Yi cÖwµqvwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
4. miKvwi e¨q e„w× ev n«vm †c‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi †ÿ‡Î Kx cwieZ©b n‡e? we‡kølY K‡iv|
5. e× A_©bxwZ Kxfv‡e RvZxq Avq cwigvc Kiv nq we‡kølY K‡iv|
6. mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v I mvgwMÖK †hvMv‡bi gva¨‡g fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
7. mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v I mvgwMÖK †hvMv‡bi gva¨‡g c~Y© wb‡qv‡Mi fvimvg¨ AR©b wK m¤¢e? wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY
K‡iv|
8. †fv‡Mi cwigvY e„w× †c‡j RvZxq Av‡qi Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
9. mÂq I wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q K‡i wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY K‡iv|

 mvgwMÖK Avq/RvZxq Avq : †gvU RvZxq Drcv`‡bi Avw_©K g~j¨‡K mvgwMÖK Avq e‡j| GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q (mvaviYZ GK eQ‡i) Drcv`‡bi
Dcv`vb¸‡jv Drcv`b Kv‡R e¨envi K‡i RbMY †h cwigvY e¯‧MZ I Ae¯‧MZ `ªe¨mvgMÖx I †mevKg© Drcv`b K‡i Zvi Avw_©K g~j¨ ev evRvig~j¨‡K
mvgwMÖK Avq e‡j|

241
†UBji-Gi g‡Z,ÔRvZxq Avq n‡”Q kÖg I g~ja‡bi Av‡qi mgwó|Ó mvgwMÖK †hvMv‡bi ev Av‡qi w`K †_‡K mvgwMÖK Avq =  (gRywi + LvRbv
+ my` + gybvdv +c‡ivÿ eëmvq Ki- g~ja‡bi eënviRwbZ GjvDÝ)| mvs‡KwZKfv‡e, AI   ( W  R  I  P  IBT  CCA )
 †gvU ‡`kR Drcv`b : GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q mvaviYZ GKwU Avw_©K eQ‡i GKwU †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i Z_v Zvi †f․‡MvwjK mxgvbvi wfZi †h cwigvY P‚ovšÍ
`ªe¨mvgMÖx I †mevKg© Drcvw`Z nq, Zvi Avw_©K g~‡jï mgwó‡K †gvU †`kR Drcv`b ev wRwWwc e‡j|
wRwWwc wbY©‡qi m~Î: GDP †K `ywU c„_K avivq Dc¯vcb Kiv hvq| aviv `ywU n‡jv (K) e¨qwfwËK aviv L) Avq wfwËK Øviv
 1g c×wZ: wRwWwc‡K hw` e¨‡qi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K we‡ePbv Kiv nq, Zvn‡j GKwU e× A_©bxwZ‡Z-
GDP= C+I+G ‡hLv‡b, GDP= ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b C=Consumption ev e¨w³MZ †fvM e¨q I= Investment ev e¨w³MZ wewb‡qvM
e¨q G= Govt. Expenditure ev miKvwi e¨q| A_©vr miKvwi †fvM e¨q I miKvwi wewb‡qvM e¨‡qi mgwó  Cg  Ig |
wKš‧ A_©bxwZ Db¥y³ n‡j, GDP= C+I+G+(X-M); ‡hLv‡b (X-M) = wbU ißvwb|
n
 2q c×wZ: mvgwMÖK Avq (Aggregate Income) = GDP =  X1P1  X2P2  .....  Xn Pn )   Xi Pi
i 1

GLv‡b, X1 , X 2 .....X n †K †`‡ki mxgvbvi wfZi †`wk I we‡`wk‡ì Øviv Drcvw`Z `ªe¨mvgMÖx I †mevK‡g©i cwigvY Ges P1 , P2 ....Pn †K
h_vµ‡g Zv‡ì Mo `vg aiv nq| G‡ÿ‡Î A_©bxwZ‡K GKwU e× A_©bxwZ (Closed economy) wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| †hLv‡b •e‡`wkK
evwYR¨ Abycw¯Z _v‡K|
 †gvU RvZxq Avq: ‡Kv‡bv †`‡k GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q mvaviYZ GKwU Avw_©K eQ‡i †`‡ki bvMwiKiv †`‡ki wfZ‡i I evB‡i †h cwigvY P‚ovšÍ
`ªe¨mvgMÖx I †mevKg© Drcv`b K‡i, Zvi †gvU Avw_©K g~j¨‡K †gvU RvZxq Avq e‡j|
GNI= †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ I †mevi evRvi g~j¨ + we‡`‡k Kg©iZ †`kxq‡ì Avq-‡`‡k Kg©iZ we‡`wk‡ì Avq|
hw` GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q n msL¨K cY¨ X1, X2......Xn Drcvw`Z nq Ges G‡ì evRvi g~j¨ P1, P2,...... Pn Zvn‡j †gvU RvZxq Avq n‡e:
n


i 1
X i Pi ‡gvU RvZxq Avq‡K mvaviYZ `ywU w`K †_‡K wnmve Kiv hvq| G‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU n‡jv- Av‡qi w`K †_‡K Ges Ab¨wU n‡jv e¨‡qi
w`K †_‡K|
 Av‡qi w`K †_‡K †gvU RvZxq Avq wbY©‡qi m~Î n‡jv: GNI     
r  w  i   | †hLv‡b, r = LvRbv, w = gRywi, i= my`,
  gybvdv|
 e¨‡qi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †gvU RvZxq Avq wbY©‡qi m~Î n‡jv: GNI  GDP  (X  M ) ev, GNI  C  I  G  (X  M )
= C  I  G  Xn
‡hLv‡b, C  †gvU †fvM e¨q I= †gvU wewb‡qvM e¨q G= †gvU miKvwi e¨q (‡fvM+wewb‡qvM) X= †gvU ißvwb
M=‡gvU Avg`vwb (X-M)= wbU ißvwb|
 GNI Gi •ewkó¨¸‡jv n‡jv:
 ïay P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨ I †mev aiv nq| cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK `ªe¨ ev` w`‡Z nq|
 wbR †`k I †`‡ki evB‡i Aew¯Z †`kxq bvMwiK‡ì Avw_©K Ae`vb AšÍf©y³ nq|
 †`‡ki ‡fZ‡i Aew¯Z we‡`wk‡ì Avq aiv nq bv|
 c‡Yï `vg †_‡K c‡ivÿ Ki ev` w`‡Z nq|
 GNI n‡jv GKwU Avw_©K eQ‡ii wnmve|
 GNI wnmve Kivi mgq `ªe¨mvgMÖxi `vg PjwZ evRvi g~j¨ aiv nq|
 GNI GKwU cÖevn aviYv| G‡K `yBw`K †_‡K cwigvc Kiv nq| GKwU n‡jv Drcbœ `ªe¨ I †mev cÖevn Ges AciwU n‡jv Avq cÖevn|
 wRGbAvB Gi Dcv`vb: †Kv‡bv †`‡k wRGbAvB n‡jv KZK¸‡jv Dcv`v‡bi mgwó| GwU wnmve Kivi mgq †hgb KZ¸‡jv Dcv`vb †hvM Ki‡Z nq
†Zgwb K‡qKwU Dcv`vb ev` w`‡Z nq| Gi Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡jv:
 e¨w³MZ †fvM e¨q  †gvU ‡emiKvwi wewb‡qvM  miKvwi e¨q  we‡`k w¯Z m¤ú` †_‡K wbU Avq
 wRGbAvB cwigv‡ci m~Î: cÖK…Zc‡ÿ wRGbAvB n‡jv wRwWwc I wbU •e‡`wkK Av‡qi mgwó| ‡m wn‡m‡e wb‡Pi m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ wRGbAvB cwigvc Kiv
hvq| GNI=C+I+G+(X-M) = C+I+G+Xn
 wbU RvZxq Avq; RvZxq Avq MYbvi †ÿ‡Î GwU GKwU A_©‣bwZK aviYv| GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q mvaviYZ GKwU Avw_©K eQ‡i wRGbAvB (GNI) †_‡K
g~jab mvgwMÖi ÿqÿwZi LiP ev AePq LiP (Capital Consumption Allowance or Depreciation Cost) ev` w`‡j hv _v‡K Zv‡K wbU
RvZxq Avq e‡j| m~Îvbymv‡i wbU RvZxq Avq - NNI= GNI - CCA/DC
‡hLv‡b, NNI= wbU RvZxq Avq GNI= †gvU RvZxq Avq CCA= g~ja‡bi eënviRwbZ ev ÿqÿwZRwbZ e¨q DC=AePqRwbZ e¨q
 †gvU RvZxq Avq I †gvU †`kR Drcv`‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨: ‡gvU RvZxq Avq I †gvU †`kR Drcv`b ci¯úi m¤úK©hy³ n‡jI we‡kl wKQz †ÿ‡Î
Df‡qi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq| wb‡P H cv_©K¨¸‡jv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv-
‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b (GNI) ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b (GDP)
GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q (mvaviYZ GK A_©eQ‡ii Rb¨) GKwU ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q (mvaviYZ GK A_©eQ‡i) GKwU †`‡ki †f․‡MvwjK
†`‡ki RbMY †h cwigvY cY¨ I †mev Drcv`b K‡i, Zvi mxgv‡iLvi g‡a¨ †`wk-we‡`wk RbMY wg‡j †h cwigvY cY¨ I †mevKg©
Avw_©K g~j¨‡K †gvU RvZxq Avq (GNI) e‡j| Drcv`b K‡i Zvi Avw_©K g~‡jï mgwó‡K †gvU †`kR Drcv`b (GDP)
e‡j|
GNI = C + I + G + (X-M) GDP=C+I+G
242
‡hLv‡b, C= †`‡ki me gvby‡li †fvM e¨q ‡hLv‡b, C= †`‡ki Af¨všÍixY me gvby‡li †fvM e¨q ev LiP|
I= wewb‡qvM e¨q G= miKvwi e¨q (X-M)=wbU ißvwb I= wewb‡qvM e¨q G= miKvwi e¨q|
‡gvU RvZxq Av‡qi aviYv AZ¨šÍ e¨vcK| ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`‡bi aviYv msKxY©|
A_©‣bwZK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Gi ¸iæZ¡ Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg A_©‣bwZK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K Gi ¸iæZ¡ †ekx|
G‡ÿ‡Î we‡`‡k Ae¯vbiZ cÖevmx‡ì Avq AšÍf©y³ Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡ÿ‡Î we‡`‡k Ae¯vbiZ cÖevmx bvMwiK‡ì Drcv`b I Avq AšÍf©y³ nq bv|
‡gvU RvZxq Avq MYbvq RbM‡Yi A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v G‡ÿ‡Î GKwU †`‡ki mvwe©K A_©bxwZi ÿgZv cÖwZdwjZ nq|
cÖwZdwjZ nq|
wbU ißvwb Avq abvZ¥K n‡j A_©vr Avg`vwb e¨q A‡cÿv wbU ißvwb Avq FYvZ¥K n‡j ¯^vfvweK Kvi‡YB GNI †_‡K GDP †ewk
ißvwb Avq †ewk n‡j GDP †_‡K GNI †ewk n‡e| n‡e|
 mvgwMÖK Avq/RvZxq Avq cwigv‡ci c×wZ Ges cwigv‡ci mgm¨vmg~n:
 mvgwMÖK Avq/RvZxq Avq cwigv‡ci c×wZ: ‡h c×wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv †`‡ki RvZxq Av‡qi wnmve we‡kølY Kiv nq Zv‡K RvZxq Av‡qi cwigvc
c×wZ e‡j|

 Drcv`b c×wZ : GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ (mvaviYZ GK A_©eQ‡i) †Kv‡bv †`‡k Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vbmg~n‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q †h cwigvY P‚ovšÍ e¯‧MZ
I Ae¯‧MZ `ªe¨mvgMÖx I †mevKg© Drcvw`Z nq Zv‡`i Avw_©K g~‡j¨i mgwó‡K ejv nq Drcv`b c×wZ‡Z RvZxq Avq wba©viY| †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q
†Kv‡bv †`‡k n msL¨K Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ I †mevKg© hw` X1, X2, X3...... Xn nq Ges evRvi `vg hw` P1, P2, P3.... Pn nq
Zvn‡j Drcv`b c×wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv †`‡ki RvZxq Av‡qi cwigvY n‡e NI=X1P1+X2P2+X3P3+...+XnPn|
 Avq c×wZ: GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q (mvaviYZ GK A_©eQ‡i) †Kv‡bv †`‡k Drcv`bKv‡h© wb‡qvwRZ DcKiYmg~‡ni AwR©Z Avq †hvM K‡i RvZxq Av‡qi
cwigvY wba©viY Kiv nq| KviY f‚wg, kÖg, g~jab I msMV‡bi gvwjKMY f‚wg †_‡K LvRbv, kÖg †_‡K gRywi, g~jab †_‡K my` Ges msMVb †_‡K
gybvdv AR©b K‡i| ZvB f‚wgi LvRbv, kÖ‡gi gRywi, g~ja‡bi my` Ges msMV‡bi gybvdvi †hvMdj n‡jv RvZxq Avq| RvZxq Avq = (‡gvU LvRbv +
†gvU gRywi + †gvU myy` + †gvU gybvdv - n¯ÍvšÍi cvIbv) GNI = ( r  w  i    TP )
GLv‡b, GNI= †gvU RvZxq Avq, r= LvRbv w= gRywi i=my`   gybvdv
TP= n¯ÍvšÍi cvIbv|
 e¨q c×wZ: GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q (mvaviYZ GK A_©eQ‡i) †`‡ki me bvMwiK †h cwigvb e¨q K‡i D³ e¨q¸‡jv †hvM K‡i RvZxq Avq wba©viY Kiv
nq| A_©vr e¨w³MZ †fvM e¨q (C), wewb‡qvM e¨q (I) Ges miKvwi e¨q (G) †hvM K‡i RvZxq Avq cvIqv hvq| e¨q c×wZ‡Z RvZxq Avq = †gvU
†fvM e¨q + †gvU wewb‡qvM e¨q + miKvwi e¨q + wbU ißvwb| GNI= C+ I + G + (X-M)
GLv‡b, GNI= †gvU RvZxq Avq
C=‡gvU †fvM e¨q I=‡gvU wewb‡qvM e¨q, G= miKvwi e¨q X-M= wbU ißvwb|
 mvgwMÖK Avq/RvZxq Avq cwigv‡ci mgm¨vmg~n-
 n¯ÍvšÍi cvIbv  ‣ØZ MYbv  Ki dvuwK  c‡ivÿ Ki
 †ckvMZ we‡klxKi‡Yi Afve  Kg MYbvRwbZ mgm¨v  ÿq-ÿwZRwbZ e¨q  AvšÍR©vwZK evwYR¨
 c×wZMZ ÎæwU  `v‡gi cwieZ©b  `ybx©wZi A_©bxwZ|

 †fvM e¨q :GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q GKwU †`‡k AmsL¨ `ªe¨ I †mevKg© Drcvw`Z nq| †fv³v Gme µq K‡i †fvM K‡i GRb¨ Zviv †h A_© e¨q K‡i,
Zv‡K †fvM e¨q e‡j| †fvM e¨q (C), Avq (Y) Gi Ici wbf©ikxj| Avq evo‡j †fvM e¨q ev‡o Ges Avq Kg‡j †fvM e¨q K‡g| GRb¨ †fvM
e¨q Av‡qi A‡cÿK nq A_©vr C=f(Y) nq| †fvM e¨q `yB ai‡bi| h_v-1. ¯^q¤¢yZ †fvM e¨q I 2. cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM e¨q|

243
 ¯^q¤¢yZ †fvM e¨q: †h †fvM e¨q Av‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i bv, Zv‡K ¯^q¤¢yZ †fvM e¨q e‡j| Avq k~b¨ (0) n‡jI G †fvM e¨q eRvq _v‡K| ¯^q¤¢yZ
†fvM e¨q ¯^íKv‡j eRvq _v‡K| wPÎ 1 (K) G ¯^q¤¢yZ †fvM e¨q †iLv (Ca) ‡`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GwU f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj|

GB Aa¨v‡qi wfwWI K¬vm †c‡Z

Avgv‡K e¨envi Ki|

 cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM e¨q : Av‡qi cwigvY Øviv †h †fvM cÖfvweZ nq Zv‡K cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM e‡j| Avq k~b¨ (0) n‡j G †fvM e¨qI k~b¨ nq, Avq evo‡Z
_vK‡j G †fvM e¨qI ev‡o Z‡e Zv Avq evovi nv‡ii †P‡q Kg nv‡i ev‡o| GRb¨ cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM e¨q †iLv g~j we›`y †_‡K Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx nq|
‡gvU †fvM e¨q:

 msL¨vm~PK D`vniY I †iLvwPÎ:

Avq (Y) ¯^q¤¢yZ †fvM (Ca) cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM (Ci) ‡gvU †fvM e¨q (C) we›`y
0 100 0 100 ao
100 100 50 150 m
200 100 100 200 E
300 100 150 250 P
400 100 200 300 i

wewb‡qvM e¨q.
 ¯^q¤¢yZ wewb‡qvM: mgv‡R Avq¯Í‡ii cwieZ©b nIqv m‡Ë¡I hLb wewb‡qv‡Mi †Kv‡bv n«vm-e„w× N‡U bv, ZLb Zv‡K ¯^q¤¢yZ wewb‡qvM e‡j|

 cÖ‡ivwPZ wewb‡qvM: A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jZ Av‡qi n«vm-e„w× Øviv †h wewb‡qvM cÖfvweZ nq, Zv‡K cÖ‡ivwPZ wewb‡qvM e‡j|
 miKvwi e¨q: ‡`k cwiPvjbv, cÖkvmwbK Kvh©wbev©n I A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ miKvi †h A_© e¨q K‡i Zv‡K miKvwi e¨q e‡j|

244
 mÂq : gvbyl Zvi Av‡qi †h Ask eZ©gvb †fv‡Mi Rb¨ e¨q bv K‡i fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ Rgv iv‡L Zv‡K mÂq (S) e‡j| ZvB Avq (Y) ‡_‡K †fvM e¨q
(C) ev` w`‡j hv _v‡K, ZvB n‡jv mÂq (S)| A_v©r S=Y-C

Avq (Y) ‡fvM (C) we›`y mÂq (S) we›`y
0 50 a -50 e
100 100 b 00 f
200 120 c 50 g

Avq (Y) C=100+0.5Y we›`y C+Io = 200+0.5Y we›`y

100 150 k 250 n
200 200 e 300 p
300 250 m 350 q
400 300 f 400 E
500 350 g 450 r

 Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wba©vi‡Y mÂq I wewb‡qvM c×wZ : GKwU Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨q ev Pvwn`v n‡jv C+I+G Ges
mvgwMÖK Avq ev †hvMvb n‡jv C+S+T †hLv‡b C=‡fvM, S= mÂq Ges T= miKvwi ivR¯^|

Ávbg~jK cÖkœ I DËi DËi: NNP Gi Avw_©K g~j¨ †_‡K c‡ivÿ Ki ev` w`‡j Zv‡K NNI
cÖkœ: mvgwMÖK Avq Kv‡K e‡j? e‡j|
DËi: †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q mvaviYZ GK eQ‡i †Kv‡bv †`‡ki bvMwiKMY cÖkœ: wRwWwc Kx?
†h cwigvY P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨ I †mevmvgMÖx Drcv`b K‡i Zvi evRvi g~‡jï DËi: †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q (mvaviYZ GK eQ‡i) GKwU †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i
mgwó‡K mvgwMÖK Avq ejv nq| ev †f․‡MvwjK mxgv‡iLvi g‡a¨ Drcvw`Z `ªe¨mvgMÖx I †mevK‡g©i Avw_©K
cÖkœ: •ØZ MYbvi mgm¨v Kx? g~j¨‡K wRwWwc e‡j|
DËi: mvgwMÖK Avq MYbvi mgq †Kv‡bv c‡Yï `vg GKvwaKevi MYbvi cÖkœ: LvRbv Kx?
AšÍf©y³ nIqvB •ØZ MYbv mgm¨v| DËi: f~wg eënv‡ii Rb¨ f‚wgi gvwjK‡K †h A_© cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq Zv‡K
cÖkœ: mvgvwRK Avq Kv‡K e‡j? LvRbv e‡j|
DËi: †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q mvaviYZ GK eQi †Kv‡bv mgv‡R †gvU †h cÖkœ: wbU RvZxq Avq Kx?
cwigvY `ªe¨mvgMÖx I †mevKg© Drcvw`Z nq Zvi evRvi g~‡jï mgwó‡K DËi: †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q mvaviYZ GK eQ‡i GKwU †`‡ki †gvU RvZxq
mvgvwRK Avq e‡j| Drcv`b n‡Z AePqRwbZ e¨q I wbU Avg`vwb-ißvwb ev` w`‡q hv Aewkó
cÖkœ: RvZxq Avq Kx? _v‡K, ZvB wbU RvZxq Drcv`b ev Avq|
DËi: RvZxq Avq ej‡Z †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó †f․MvwjK mxgv‡iLvq emevmiZ cÖkœ: wbU †`kR Drcv`b wbY©‡qi m~ÎwU †jL|
Rbmgwói Avq‡K †evSvq| DËi: wbU †`kR Drcv`b wbY©‡qi m~ÎwU n‡jv- †gvU †`kR Drcv`bÑÿq
cÖkœ: NNI Gi msÁv `vI| ÿwZRwbZ e¨q|
cÖkœ: GKwU †`‡ki Rxeb hvÎvi gvb wK‡mi Ici wbf©ikxj?

246
DËi: GKwU †`‡ki RxebhvÎvi gvb mvgwMÖK Av‡qi Ici wbf©ikxj| DËi: miKvwi e¨‡qi cÖavb LvZ n‡jv cÖwZiÿv LvZ|
cÖkœ: e¨w³MZ Avq Kx? cÖkœ: GKwU †`‡ki Dbœq‡bi c~e©kZ Kx?
DËi: †Kv‡bv Avw_©K eQ‡i †`‡ki mKj e¨w³ ev e¨w³ e‡M©i AwR©Z DËi: GKwU †`‡ki Dbœq‡bi c~e©kZ© n‡jv wkÿv|
Av‡qi mgwó‡K e¨w³MZ Avq e‡j| cÖkœ: mvgwMÖK †hvMvb †iLv Kv‡K e‡j?
cÖkœ: e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq Kx? DËi: GKwU †`‡ki Dcv`v‡bi cwigvY I `vg¯Í‡ii ga¨Kvi m¤úK©‡K †h
DËi: Av‡qi †h Ask gvbyl wbw`©ó mg‡q e¨q Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K e¨q‡hvM¨ †iLvi gva¨‡g †`Lv‡bv nq, Zv‡K mvgwMÖK †hvMvb †iLv e‡j|
Avq e‡j| cÖkœ: Ave× A_©bxwZ ej‡Z wK †evS?
cÖkœ: AePqRwbZ e¨q Kx? DËi: Ave× A_©bxwZ ej‡Z AvšÍR©vwZK evwYR¨ ewnf©~Z A_©vr †`kxq
DËi: hš¿cvwZ, KjKviLvbv, Nievwo BZ¨vwì ÿqÿwZ‡K AePqRwbZ evwY‡Rï gva¨‡g †h fvimvg¨ AwR©Z nq Zv‡K †evSvq|
e¨q e‡j| Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ I DËi
cÖkœ: †gvU mvgwMÖK Drcv`b Kv‡K e‡j? cÖkœ 1| ‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: GKwU †`‡k †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q †h cwigvY e¯‧MZ I †mevRvZ DËi : ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q mvaviYZ GK eQ‡i GKwU ‡`‡k ‡gvU ‡h
`ªe¨vw` Drcbœ nq Zvi mgwó‡K †gvU mvgwMÖK Drcv`b e‡j| cwigvY `ªe¨mvgMÖx I ‡mevKg© Drcvw`Z nq, Zvi mgwó‡K ‡gvU RvZxq
cÖkœ: hy³iv‡óª †Kvb c×wZ‡Z mvgwMÖK Avq cwigvc Kiv nq? Drcv`b e‡j| f~wg, kÖg, g~jab I msMVbKvixi mn‡hvwMZvq GK eQ‡i
DËi: hy³iv‡óª Drcv`b c×wZ‡Z mvgwMÖK Avq cwigvc Kiv nq| GKwU ‡`‡k Drcvw`Z K…wlRvZ `ªe¨, LwbR c`v_©, wkíRvZ `ªe¨ Ges
cÖkœ: P‚ovšÍ Drcv`b c×wZ Kv‡K e‡j? ‡jv‡Ki cÖ`Ë ‡mevi mgwó‡K ‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b (Gross National
DËi: †h c×wZ‡Z ïaygvÎ P‚ovšÍfv‡e Drcvw`Z cY¨ I †mevi evRvi `vg Product) ms‡¶‡c GNP e‡j |
mvgwMÖK Avq MYbvq AšÍf©y³ Kiv nq Zv‡K P‚ovšÍ Drcv`b c×wZ e‡j| cÖkœ 2| mÂq I wewb‡qvM ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
cÖkœ: gva¨wgK cY¨ Kx? DËi : Av‡qi ‡h Ask eZ©gvb ‡fv‡Mi Rb¨ e¨q bv K‡i fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨
DËi: †h cY¨ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cY¨ Drcv`‡bi cÖwµqvq KvuPvgvj ev Dcv`vb Rgv K‡i ivLv nq Zv‡K mÂq e‡j| Ab¨w`‡K mÂq hLb ‡Kv‡bv
wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq Zv‡K gva¨wgK cY¨ e‡j| Drcv`‡bi Kv‡R A_ev we`¨gvb wkí, K…wl ev Abyiƒc ‡Kv‡bv Kviev‡ii
cÖkœ: P‚ovšÍ cY¨ Kx? bZyb g~jab wn‡m‡e hy³ Kiv nq ZLb Zv‡K wewb‡qvM e‡j| wewb‡qvM
DËi: †h cY¨ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv cY¨ Drcv`‡b Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e eëüZ bv n‡q bZyb ‡¶‡ÎI n‡Z cv‡i, Avevi we`¨gvb wewb‡qv‡MI hy³ n‡Z cv‡i |
mivmwi †fv‡M eëüZ nq Zv‡K P‚ovšÍ cY¨ e‡j| cÖkœ 3| ‡fvM e¨q I Av‡qi m¤úK© abvZ¥K e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ: g~j¨ ms‡hvRb c×wZ Kv‡K e‡j? DËi : gvby‡li ‡fv‡Mi gva¨‡g Dc‡hvM wbt‡kl Kivi Rb¨ ‡h A_© e¨q
DËi: Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ chv©‡q m„ó AwZwi³ g~j¨ †hvM K‡i RvZxq Avq nq Zv‡K ‡fvM e¨q e‡j| ‡fvM e¨q Avq Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q _v‡K |
wbiƒcY Kivi c×wZ‡K g~j¨ ms‡hvRb c×wZ ejv nq| Avq e„w× ‡c‡j ‡fvM e¨q e„w× cvq I Avq n«vm ‡c‡j ‡fv³vi ‡fvM
cÖkœ: g~jab e¨q Kx? wKQyUv n«vm K‡i| ‡fvM e¨‡qi mv‡_ Av‡qi G mggyLx m¤ú‡K©i Rb¨ ‡fvM
DËi: miKvi m¤ú` m„wó wKsev we`¨gvb m¤ú‡ì mv‡_ AwZwi³ m¤ú` e¨q I Av‡qi m¤úK© abvZ¥K|
ms‡hvR‡bi Rb¨ †h e¨q K‡ib, Zv‡K g~jab e¨q e‡j| cÖkœ 4| wewb‡qvM ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
cÖkœ: †fvM ej‡Z wK †evS? DËi : wewb‡qvM ej‡Z mvaviYZ gybvdvi D‡Ï‡k¨ eëmvq-evwY‡R¨
DËi: †fvM ej‡Z Dc‡hvM wbt‡kl Kiv‡K †evSvq| LvUv‡bv‡K ‡evSv‡bv nq | wKš‧ A_©bxwZ‡Z wbQK A_© LvwU‡q gybvdv
cÖkœ: ‡fv‡Mi wba©viK Kv‡K e‡j? Kiv‡K wewb‡qvM ejv hvq bv| eis wewb‡qvM aviYvwU AviI e¨vcK I
DËi: †hme welq †fvM‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i Zv‡ì‡K †fv‡Mi wba©viK e‡j| we‡kl A‡_© eëüZ nq| A_©bxwZ‡Z wewb‡qvM ej‡Z gybvdv AR©‡b
cÖkœ: mÂq Kx? D‡Ï‡k¨ bZyb g~jab mvgMÖxi gRyZ e„w× Kiv‡K ‡evSvq |
DËi: Av‡qi DØ„Ë hv eZ©gv‡b †fvM Kiv nq bv, ZvB mÂq| cÖkœ 5|. cÖvwšÍK ‡fvMcÖeYZv abvZ¥K wKš‘ G‡Ki ‡P‡q Kg e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ: Mo †fvM cÖeYZv Kx? DËi : `xN©Kvjxb ‡fvM A‡c¶‡Ki Aci GKwU Ab¨Zg ‣ewkó¨ n‡”Q
DËi: Mo †fvM cÖeYZv n‡jv †gvU Av‡qi mv‡_ †gvU †fvMe¨‡qi AbycvZ| cÖvwšÍK ‡fvMcÖeYZvi gvb abvZ¥K, wKš‧ G‡Ki ‡P‡q Kg A_© 0 < MPC
cÖkœ: cÖvwšÍK †fvM cÖeYZv Kx? < 1. GB ‣ewk‡óï Zvrch© n‡”Q gvby‡li Avq evovi mv‡_ ‡fvM e¨qI
DËi: cÖvwšÍK †fvM cÖeYZv ej‡Z AwZwi³ GK GKK Avq e„w×i ìæb ev‡o| Z‡e Avq ‡h nv‡i ev‡o Zvi ‡P‡q Kg nv‡i ev‡o| KviY
†fvM e¨q †h cwigvY e„w× cvq Zvi AbycvZ‡K †evSvq| `xN©Kv‡j gvbyl Zvi Av‡qi GKvsk mÂq K‡i|
cÖkœ: mvaviY A‡_© wewb‡qvM Kx?
cÖkœ 6| mvgwMÖK Avq cv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: mvaviY A‡_© wewb‡qvM ej‡Z gybvdvi D‡Ï‡k¨ eëmvq evwY‡R¨ A_© DËi : mvgwMÖK Avq‡K GKwU ‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
LvUv‡bv‡K †evSv‡bv nq| m~PK wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| KviY GKwU ‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi RxebhvÎvi
cÖkœ: g~ja‡bi Drm Kx? gvb, ‡fvM, mÂq, wewb‡qvM, A_©‣bwZK AMÖMwZ cÖf…wZ mvgwMÖK Av‡qi
DËi: g~ja‡bi Drm n‡jv mÂq| Ici wbf©i K‡i| ‡m Rb¨ ‡h‡Kv‡bv ‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK Avq
cÖkœ: mÂq evo‡j wewb‡qv‡Mi Kx cwieZ©b nq? cv‡Vi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Acwimxg|
DËi: mÂq evo‡j wewb‡qvM ev‡o|
cÖkœ 7| ‡gvU mvgwMÖK Avq ev GNI ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
cÖkœ: k~b¨ Av‡q †Kvb wewb‡qvM eRvq _v‡K?
DËi : ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q (mvaviYZ GK eQ‡i) GKwU ‡`‡k ‡h cwigvY
DËi: k~b¨ Av‡q ¯^q¤¢yZ wewb‡qvM eRvq _v‡K|
cÖkœ: †K›`ªxq e¨q Kx? `ªe¨mvgMÖx I ‡mevKg© Drcvw`Z nq Zvi Avw_©K g~‡jï mgwó‡K ‡gvU
DËi: †Kv‡bv †`‡ki miKv‡ii ZË¡veav‡b wewfbœ Lv‡Z †h e¨q nq, Zv‡K mvgwMÖK Avq (GNI) ejv nq| GKwU ‡`‡k ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q bvbv
†K›`ªxq e¨q e‡j| ai‡bi `ªe¨mvgMÖx Drcvw`Z nq| ‡Kv‡bv GKK gvb`‡Û Gm‡ei ‡hvM Kiv
cÖkœ: ¯vbxq e¨q Kx? hvq bv| ZvB evRvi `v‡g G‡ì wnmve Kiv nq| myZivs ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó
DËi: ¯vbxq miKvi ¯vbxq mgm¨vewj mgvav‡bi Rb¨ †h e¨q K‡i Zv‡K mg‡q(mvaviYZ GK eQ‡i) ‡`‡k ‡gvU Drcvw`Z `ªe¨mvgMÖx I ‡mevKg©‡K
¯vbxq e¨q e‡j| G‡ì Mo `vg w`‡q ¸Y K‡i Zv ‡hvM K‡i GNI cvIqv hvq|
cÖkœ: miKvwi e¨‡qi cÖavb LvZ †KvbwU?

247
cÖkœ 8| ‡gvU ‡`kR Drcv`‡bi aviYv eY©bv Ki| cÖkœ 15| mÂ‡qi wba©viK¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki|
DËi : ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q (mvaviYZ GK eQ‡i) GKwU ‡`‡ki DËi : mÂq mvaviYZ Av‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i| Z‡e Avq QvovI
Af¨šÍ‡i ev ‡f․‡MvwjK mxgv‡iLvi g‡a¨ Drcvw`Z `ªe¨mvgMÖx I ‡mevK‡g©i Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK Dcv`vb mÂq‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| `vg¯Íi, mÂ‡qi B”Qv,
Avw_©K g~‡jï mgwó‡K ‡gvU ‡`kR Drcv`b ejv nq | G wn‡m‡e ïay Kinvi, my‡ì nvi, mvgvwRK wbivcËv, fwel¨r cÖZ¨vk¨v, e¨vsK eë¯v I
‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i Ae¯vbiZ ‡`wk I we‡`wk wewb‡qvM Øviv Drcvw`Z mKj mvgvwRK Ae¯vb Øviv mÂq e¨vcKfv‡e cÖfvweZ nq|
`ªe¨ I ‡mevK‡g©i cwigvY‡K wnmve Kiv nq| wKš‧ ‡`‡ki evB‡i cÖkœ 16| mÂq, wewb‡qvM I g~ja‡bi ga¨Kvi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki|
Ae¯vbiZ ‡`kxq bvMwiK‡ì Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ I ‡mevK‡g©i g~j¨ ‡gvU DËi : mÂq, g~jab I wewb‡qv‡Mi g‡a¨ Nwbô m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| Avgiv
‡`kR Drcv`‡bi g‡a¨ aiv nq bv| Rvwb, Avq ‡_‡K ‡fvM e¨q ev` w`‡j hv Aewkó _v‡K, Zv‡K mÂq
cÖkœ 9| wbU ‡`kR Drcv`b ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? e‡j| mÂq A_© Ajmfv‡e c‡o _vK‡j Zv ‡Kv‡bv Kv‡R Av‡m bv| G
DËi : ‡gvU ‡`kR Drcv`b n‡Z Drcv`b PjvKvjxb hš¿cvwZi Rb¨ mevi mwÂZ A_© hLb GKwÎZ Kiv nq ZLb Zv g~ja‡b cwiYZ nq
¶q¶wZRwbZ e¨q ev AePqRwbZ e¨q ev` ‡Ìqvi ci hv Aewkó Ges G g~jab hLb Drcv`b Kv‡R eëüZ nq ZLb Zv wewb‡qv‡M
_v‡K Zv‡K wbU ‡`kR Drcv`b (NDP) e‡j| mgxKi‡Yi AvKv‡i NDP iƒcvšÍwiZ nq|
‡K ‡jLv hvq- cÖkœ 17| ¯^q¤¢~Z wewb‡qvM ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
DËi : Av‡qi cwieZ©b n‡jI hLb wewb‡qv‡Mi ‡Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bv,
NDP = GDP -CCA/DC.
ZLb ‡mB AcwiewZ©Z wewb‡qvM‡K ¯^q¤¢~Z wewb‡qvM e‡j| Ab¨ K_vq ‡h
ev, NDP = C +I+G- CCA
wewb‡qvM Av‡qi n«vm-e„w× Øviv cÖfvweZ nq bv Z_v Avq evo‡j ev
‡hLv‡b NDP - wbU ‡`kR Drcv`b
Kg‡j ‡h wewb‡qvM cÖfvweZ nq bv Zv‡K ¯^q¤¢~Z wewb‡qvM e‡j| A_©vr
=GDP = ‡gvU ‡`kR Drcv`b Av‡qi me Ae¯vq ¯^q¤¢~Z wewb‡qvM w¯i _v‡K|
DC AePqRwbZ e¨q| cÖkœ 18| cÖ‡ivwPZ wewb‡qv‡Mi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki|
= CCA = g~jabx `ª‡eï ¶q¶wZRwbZ e¨q| DËi : Av‡qi n«vm-e„w× Øviv ‡h wewb‡qvM cÖfvweZ nq Zv‡K cÖ‡ivwPZ
cÖkœ 10| e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? wewb‡qvM e‡j| Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v AcwiewZ©Z ‡_‡K Avq evo‡j wewb‡qvM ev‡o
DËi : gvbyl hv Avq K‡i Zvi m¤ú~Y© AskB e¨q Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Avevi Avq Kg‡j wewb‡qvM K‡g| KviY, Avq evo‡j ‡fvM e¨q Z_v
gvby‡li Av‡qi GKwU Ask miKvi‡K Ki I Ab¨vb¨ e¨q wn‡m‡e cÖ`vb ‡fvM¨c‡Yï Pvwn`v evo‡e| d‡j eëmvqx‡ì gybvdvi cÖZ¨vkv ev‡o| AwaK
Ki‡Z nq| Gme Ki I Ab¨vb¨ e¨q ev` w`‡q hv Aewkó _v‡K Zv gybvdvi cÖZ¨vk¨vq AwZwi³ Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi j‡¶¨ wewb‡qvMKvixMY AwaK
‡fv‡Mi Rb¨ e¨q I mÂq Ki‡Z cv‡i| myZivs Av‡qi ‡h Ask gvbyl wewb‡qv‡M Drmvnx nb | Giƒc wewb‡qvM‡KB cÖ‡ivwPZ wewb‡qvM e‡j|
wbw`©ó mg‡q e¨q Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq e‡j| A_©vr cÖkœ 19| miKvwi e¨q ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
e¨w³MZ Avq ‡_‡K AvqKi I Ab¨vb¨ e¨q ev` w`‡q e¨w³ we‡k‡li DËi : miKvi kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Ges bvbv cÖKvi Dbœqbg~jK I
nv‡Z hv Aewkó _v‡K Zv‡K e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq e‡j| RbwnZKi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ‡h gy`ªv e¨q K‡i, ZvB miKvwi e¨q|
cÖkœ 11| mvgwMÖK e¨q ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? AvaywbKKv‡j miKv‡ii A_©‣bwZK Kg©KvÛ MwZkxj n‡q‡Q| d‡j miKvwi
DËi : miKvi cÖ_‡g e¨‡qi cwigvY w¯i K‡i Ges G e¨q wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ e¨‡qi cwigvYI e„w× ‡c‡q‡Q| miKvi wewfbœ Lv‡Z A_© e¨q K‡i|
cÖ‡qvRbxq gy`ªv msMÖn K‡i| A_©vr e¨q ØvivB miKvwi gy`ªv eë¯v miKvwi A_©eë¯vq miKvwi e¨q `yB ai‡bi nq | h_v- K. ‡K›`ªxq
cwiPvwjZ I wbqwš¿Z nq| miKvi kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Ges bvbv e¨q (Central Expenditure) I L. ¯vbxq e¨q (Local
cÖKvi Dbœqbg~jK I RbwnZKi Kv‡h©i Rb¨ ‡h gy`ªv e¨q K‡i, ZvB Expenditure)|
miKv‡ii mvgwMÖK e¨q|
cÖkœ 20| ‡K›`ªxq e¨q ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
cÖkœ 12| ‡fv‡Mi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki| DËi : ‡Kv‡bv ‡`‡ki miKv‡ii ZË¡veav‡b wewfbœ Lv‡Z ‡h e¨q Kiv nq,
DËi : mvaviYZ ‡fvM ej‡Z Dc‡hvM wbt‡kl Kiv‡K ‡evSvq| A_©bxwZ‡Z Zv‡K ‡K›`ªxq e¨q e‡j | ‡`k ev RvwZi mvwe©K Kj¨vYv‡_© ev RvZxq
‡fvM ej‡Z gvby‡li Afve ‡gUv‡bvi Rb¨ eënv‡ii gva¨‡g ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï ¯^v_© we‡ePbv K‡i ‡K›`ªxq miKvi ‡h e¨q K‡i, ZvB ‡K›`ªxq e¨q|
Dc‡hvM wbt‡kl mvab‡K ‡evSvq| mnR K_vq, gvby‡li Afve c~i‡Yi miKvi ev‡RU cÖYqb K‡i RvZxq msm` KZ©…K Aby‡gv`‡bi ci ev‡R‡Ui
Rb¨ ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï Dc‡hv‡Mi eënvi ev webvk‡K ‡fvM ejv nq| wewfbœ Lv‡Z eiv×K…Z e¨q n‡ZB ‡K›`ªxq e¨q wbe©vn nq|
cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b Avgiv Nwo, Kjg, ‡Pqvi BZ¨vw` eënvi ev ‡fvM K‡i
cÖkœ 21| ¯’vbxq e¨q ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
_vwK| Gi A_© Gme wKš‧ aŸsm ev webvk Kiv bq| Gme e¯‧i Dc‡hvM DËi : ¯vbxq RbM‡Yi Kj¨vYv‡_© ¯vbxq miKvi wewfbœ Lv‡Z e¨q K‡i|
eënvi ev wbt‡kl Kiv‡K ‡evSvq ¯vbxq miKvi n‡jv- ‡Rjv cwil`, Dc‡Rjv cwil`, BDwbqb cwil`,
cÖkœ 13| ‡fvM ‡hme wel‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i ‡m¸‡jv eywS‡q ‡jL| MÖvg cwil`, wmwU Ki‡c©v‡ikb, ‡c․imfv cÖf…wZ| G ¯vbxq miKvi ¯vbxq
DËi : gvby‡li Afve ‡gUv‡bvi Rb¨ eënv‡ii gva¨‡g ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï
mgm¨vewj mgvav‡bi R‡b¨ ‡h e¨q K‡i, Zv‡K ¯vbxq e¨q e‡j |
Dc‡hvM wbt‡kl Kiv‡K ‡fvM ejv nq| ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³i ‡fvM KwZcq
cÖkœ 22| ivR¯^ e¨q m¤ú‡K© aviYv `vI |
wel‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i| ‡hgb- cÖ_gZ, ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³i ‡fvM Zvi Av‡qi
DËi : miKvi mvaviYZ cÖkvmb cwiPvjbvq Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix‡ì ‡eZb
Ici wbf©i K‡i|
fvZv I Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq myweav wbwðZ Ki‡Z ‡h e¨q wbe©vn K‡i
wØZxqZ, `ª‡eï `vg e„w× ‡c‡j ‡fvM n«vm cvq Ges `vg n«vm ‡c‡j ‡fvM
Zv‡K ivR¯^ e¨q e‡j| Gme e¨‡qi d‡j mivmwi ‡h‡nZy Avq e„w×i
e„w× cvq|
m¤¢vebv _v‡K bv, ‡mRb¨ G e¨q‡K Abyrcv`bkxj e¨qI ejv nq |
Z…ZxqZ,gvby‡li Af¨v‡mi Ici ‡fvM wbf©i K‡i|
cÖkœ 23| g~jabx e¨q ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq ?
PZy_©Z,gvbyl Zvi cÖwZ‡ekxi AbyKi‡YiI A‡bK mgq ‡fvM K‡i _v‡K | DËi : miKvi Dbœqb mnvqK Z_v A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡b cÖZ¨¶fv‡e mnvqK
cÖkœ 14| mÂq ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki| wewfbœ cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡b ‡h e¨q wbe©vn K‡i Zv‡K g~jabx e¨q e‡j| G
DËi : mÂq g~jab MV‡bi wfwË| A_©bxwZ‡Z mÂq GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© aviYv|
ai‡bi e¨q ¯^í mg‡q bv n‡jI '`xN© mg‡q Avq evov‡Z cv‡i e‡j
Av‡qi DØ…Ë hv eZ©gv‡b ‡fvM bv K‡i fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ Rgv Kiv nq, Zv‡K
G‡K Dbœqb e¨q e‡j | ‡hgb- wk¶v, ¯^v¯¨, wkí BZ¨vw` Lv‡Zi e¨q |
mÂq e‡j| g‡b Kwi, ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³i gvwmK Avq 10,000 UvKv| ‡m eZ©gvb
cÖkœ 24| miKvwi e¨‡qi cÖavb LvZmg~n D‡jøL Ki|
‡fv‡Mi Rb¨ 9,000 UvKv e¨q K‡i Ges Aewkó 1,000 UvKv fwel¨‡Zi DËi : miKvwi e¨‡qi LvZ¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg cÖavb LvZ n‡jv cÖwZi¶v
cÖ‡qvR‡b Rgv iv‡L| GB 1,000 UvKvB n‡jv mÂq|
LvZ| ‡`‡k ‡emvgwiK kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ miKvi‡K cÖPyi A_© e¨q
Ki‡Z nq| GQvov wk¶v, ¯^v¯¨ I RbmsL¨v wbqš¿Y, cywjk, evsjv‡`k
248
ivB‡djm, ‣e‡`wkK welq, FY I my` cwi‡kva BZ¨vw` Kv‡R cÖPyi A_© 27. ‡Lvjv A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨q we‡ePbvi mgq LvZ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ
e¨q nq| nq-AvšÍR©vw©ZK evwYR¨|
cÖkœ 25| mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v ‡iLv ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq ? 28. (X-M) ‡K we‡ePbv Kiv nq- wbU ißvwb wn‡m‡e|
DËi : mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v ‡iLv (AD) ej‡Z Ggb GKwU ‡iLv ‡evSvq, ‡h 29. wØLvZ wewkó A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi mgxKiY- AE = C + I
‡iLvi wewfbœ we›`y‡Z fvimvg¨ Drcv`b I `vg¯Í‡ii wewfbœ mswgkÖY cÖKvk 30. wZb Lv‡Zi A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨q- C + I + G.
cvq| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, gy`ªv evRvi I `ªe¨ evRv‡ii mgš^‡qi gva¨‡g ‡h 31. PviLv‡Zi A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨q n‡jv- C + I + G + XN.
fvimvg¨ cÖK…Z Avq ev Drcv`b cvIqv hvq, Zvi mv‡_ `vg¯Í‡ii 32. mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask n‡jv-miKvwi e¨q|
m¤úK©‡K ‡h ‡iLvi mvnv‡h¨ ‡`Lv‡bv nq, Zv‡K mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v ‡iLv  ‡fvM
(AD) e‡j | 33. ¯^q¤¢Z
~ †fvM †iLvi AvK…wZ- f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj|
cÖkœ 26| mvgwMÖK ‡hvMvb ‡iLv e¨vL¨v Ki| 34. Avq k~b¨ n‡jI wKQz cwigvY †fvM _vK‡e-¯^q¤¢Z~ †fvM|
DËi: GKwU ‡`‡ki Dcv`v‡bi cwigvY (Avq) I `vg¯Í‡ii g‡a¨ m¤úK©‡K ‡h 35. ¯^q¤¢Z~ †fvM †iLvi AvK…wZ-f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj|
‡iLvi gva¨‡g ‡`Lv‡bv nq, Zv‡K mvgwMÖK ‡hvMvb ‡iLv (AS) e‡j | kÖg 36. cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM e¨‡qi Aci bvg-k~b¨ mÂq †iLv|
evRv‡ii fvimvg¨ wb‡qvM Øviv Drcv`‡bi cwigvY cÖfvweZ nq| G welqwU ‡h 37. cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM e¨q †iLv-Wvbw`‡K EaŸ©Mvgx|
‡iLv Øviv Rvbv hvq, ZvB n‡jv mvgwMÖK ‡hvMvb ‡iLv (AS)| Avw_©K gRywi 38. ‡fvM e¨q wbf©ikxj-Av‡qi Ici|
w¯i ‡_‡K `vg e„w×i mv‡_ Drcv`b e„w×i ‡h m¤úK© ¯vwcZ nq, Zv mvgwMÖK 39. Av‡qi †P‡q Kg nv‡i ev‡o- †fvM e¨q|
Pvwn`v ‡iLvi gva¨‡g ‡`Lv‡bv nq| 40. Av‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i bv-¯^q¤¢Z ~ †fvM|
g‡b †i‡Lv Avgvq!!! 41. ¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK- C = A + bY.
 mÂq I wewb‡qvM
42. Avq †_‡K †fvM e¨q ev` w`‡j _v‡K-mÂq|
43. Dr‡mi w`‡K †_‡K mÂq‡K fvM Kiv hvq-3 fv‡M|
44. e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq †_‡K †fvM e¨q ev` w`‡j _v‡K-e¨w³MZ mÂq|
46. Avq I mÂ‡qi m¤úK©- mggyLx|
47. wewb‡qv‡Mi wfwË n‡jv-mÂq|
48. wewb‡qvM e¨q‡K fvM Kiv nq-2 fv‡M|
 mvgwMÖK Av‡qi aviYv 49. cÖ‡ivwPZ wewb‡qvM †iLv-EaŸ©Mvgx|
1. mvgwMÖK Avq mvaviYZ-1 eQ‡ii cÖvß Av‡qi mgwó|  miKvwi e¨q
2. Av‡gwiKvi A_©bxwZ‡Z gnvg›`v m„wó nq-1930 mv‡j| 50. miKvwi e¨q ev‡o-Ki evo‡j|
3. mvgwMÖK Avq we‡ePbv Kiv nq-e„nËg `„wó‡KvY †_‡K| 51. miKvwi e¨q‡K aiv nq- ¯^q¤¢yZ e¨q wn‡m‡e|
4. eëmvq-evwYR¨ †_‡K gybvdv AwR©Z nq- 3wU Dcv‡q| 52. ‡`k cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ miKvi †h A_© e¨q K‡i ZvB-miKvwi e¨q|
5. GKK I Askx`vwi eëmvq †_‡K cÖvß Avq n‡jv- †cÖvcÖvBUwi Avq| 53. miKvi e¨‡qi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq A_© †c‡q _v‡K-Ki †_‡K|
6. GKwU A_©bxwZ m¤ú‡K© cÖv_wgK aviYv cvIqv hvq- mvgwMÖK Avq †_‡K| 54. mÂq I wewb‡qv‡Mi mgZv Øviv wbav©wiZ nq-fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq|
7. K‡cv©‡iU gybvdv ew›UZ nq-3 fv‡M| 55. fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbav©i‡Y-`ywU c×wZ|
8. K‡cv©‡iU eëmv n‡Z AwR©Z gybvdv‡K e‡j- K‡cv©‡iU gybvdv| 56. fvimvg¨ Ae¯vq-AD =AS nq|
 wRwWwc  Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z fvimvg¨ Avq wbav©iY
9. ‡`‡ki Af¨šÍixY Drcv`b cÖwZdwjZ nq- GDP ‡_‡K| 57. e× A_©bxwZ‡Z fvimvg¨ n‡jv- Y = C + I + G|
10. e× A_©bxwZ‡Z GDP Ges GNP me©`vB-mgvb nq| 58. Ave× A_©bxwZ MwVZ-3wU LvZ wb‡q|
11. e¨‡qi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K e× A_©bxwZ‡Z-GDP = C + I + G. 59. Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi Dcv`b-3wU|
12. wRwWwc wnmv‡ei mgq ev` w`‡Z nq-c‡ivÿ Ki| 60. fvimvg¨ Avq wbav©i‡Y we‡ewPZ nq-mvgwMÖK e¨q|
13. we‡`wk bvMwiK‡ì Avq AšÍfz©³ nq-GDP-†Z| 61. Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z we‡ePbv ewnf~©Z _v‡K-AvšÍRv©wZK evwYR¨|
14. GDP ‡Z we‡`‡k Ae¯vbiZ †`kxq bvMwiK‡ì Avq- AšÍfz©³ nq bv| 62. wZb LvZ wewkó A_©bxwZ‡Z-AvšÍRv©wZK evwYR¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ bq|
15. GDP wnmv‡ei †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡eP¨ welq n‡jv- †f․‡MvwjK mxgvbv| Abykxjbx cvV-1
16. wbU ißvwb k~b¨ n‡j- GNP = GDP nq| 1. Y = C +I +G + (X-M)= Kx n‡e?
 wRGbAvB, GbGbAvB K. GDP L. GNP M. NNP N. NDP
17. ‡gvU RvZxq Av‡qi gva¨‡g Rvbv hvq †`‡ki-A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
18. ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ wbU Drcv`b Avq †hvM K‡i cvIqv hvq-  GDP Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv-Gross Domestic Product.
GNI|  GNP Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv-Gross National Product.
19. we‡`‡k Ae¯vbiZ †`kxq bvMwiK‡ì Avq AšÍfz©³ nh- GNI †Z|  gy³ A_©bxwZ‡Z GNP n‡jv-GNP = C +I + G + (X-M)|
20. Drcv`b e¨‡qi Ask bq- c‡ivÿ Ki|  GDP Gi mv‡_ wbU Drcv`b Avq †hvM K‡i cvIqv-GNI|
21. miKvi †`k cwiPvjbv I Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ †h e¨q K‡i _v‡K Zv n‡jv  ‡`‡k Ae¯vbiZ we‡`wk‡ì Avq AšÍfz©³ _v‡K GDP-†Z|
miKvwi e¨q|  GDP ‡_‡K g~jab mvgMÖx eënv‡ii e¨q ev` w`‡j _v‡K-NDP|
22. NNI Gi c~Y©iƒc- Net National Income. 2. GNI-Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx?
23. gv_vwcQz Avq wbY©q Kiv hvq-NNI Øviv| K. Gross Net Investment
24. NNI cwigv‡ci m~Î n‡jv = C + I + G + (X-M) -CCA| L. Gross Net Income
25. GNI ‡_‡K CCA ev` w`‡q cvIqv hvq- NNI| M. Gross National Investment
 mvgwMÖK e¨q N. Gross National Income
26. GKwU †`‡ki A_©bxwZ wef³-wZb Lv‡Z| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 GNI wnmv‡ei mgq ev` w`‡Z nq-c‡ivÿ eëmvwqK Ki|
249
 GNI Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv- Gross National Income. 8. Av‡qi cwieZ©‡b †Kvb ai‡bi wewb‡qv‡Mi cwieZ©b nq bv?
 miKvwi †fvM e¨q n‡jv-GNI Gi Dcv`vb| K. †gvU wewb‡qvM L. wbU wewb‡qvM
 e× A_©bxwZ‡Z GNI n‡e-C + I+ G M. ¯^q¤¢yZ wewb‡qvM N. cÖ‡ivwPZ wewb‡qvM
 we‡`‡ki Ae¯vbiZ †`kxq‡ì Avq AšÍfz©³ n‡e-GNI ‡Z| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 RvZxq Av‡qi gva¨‡g Rvbv hvq-‡`‡ki AvšÍRv©wZK Ae¯v|  Avq¯Í‡ii cwieZ©‡b n«vm e„w× N‡U bv-¯^q¤¢yZ wewb‡qvM|
3. NNP Gi c~Y©iƒc †KvbwU?  Avq¯Í‡ii cwieZ©b nIqv m‡Ë¡I hLb wewb‡qv‡Mi †Kv‡bv n«vm-e„w×
K. New National product N‡U bv, N‡U bv, ZLb Zv‡K e‡j-¯^q¤¢yZ wewb‡qvM|
L. Net National Product  f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj-¯^q¤¢yZ wewb‡qvM †iLv|
M. Naminal National product  ¯^q¤¢yZ wewb‡qvM I cÖ‡ivwPZ wewb‡qvM †hvM K‡i cvIqv hvq-‡gvU
wewb‡qvM|
N. Natural National Product
 ‡gvU wewb‡hvM †_‡K AePq e¨q ev` w`‡j cvIqv hvq-wbU wewb‡qvM|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 NNP wbY©‡qi m~Î n‡jv-C +I+G+(X-M)-DC|  Av‡qi n«vm-e„w× Øviv cÖfvweZ nq-cÖ‡ivwPZ wewb‡qvM|
 GNI ‡_‡K CCA ev` w`‡j cvIqv hvq-wbU RvZxq Drcv`b|
 NNP ‡_‡K c‡ivÿ Ki ev` w`‡j hv _v‡K ZvB-NNI|
 GNP ‡_‡K AePqRwbZ e¨q (CCA) ev` w`‡j cvIqv hvq- GB Aa¨v‡qi (MCQ) wfwWI
NNP| K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
 gy³ A_©bxwZ‡Z NNI ‡ei Kivi mgq †hvM Ki‡Z nq-wbU ißvwb g~j¨|
4. ‡KvbwU mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi e¨‡qi GKwU ¸iæZ¡cyY© Ask?
K. e¨w³MZ e¨q L. miKvwi e¨q 9. ¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK †KvbwU?
M. mvgwiK e¨q N. cvwievwiK e¨q K. S = Y - C L. Y = C + 1 M. C = bY N. C = a + bY
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask n‡jv-miKvwi e¨q  eënv‡ii gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï Dc‡hvM wbt‡kl Kiv‡K e‡j-‡fvM|
 wZbLvZ A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨q-C+I+G|  ¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK n‡jv-C =a +by|
 PviLvZ A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨q-AE= C+ I +G +(X-M)  ‡fvM e¨q wbf©ikxj-Av‡qi (Y) Ici|
 mgv‡R mKj e¨w³i ev cwiev‡ii e¨q‡K e‡j-e¨w³MZ e¨q|  `xN©Kvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK n‡jv-C = bY|
 cÖwZiÿv †ÿ‡Î e¨qB n‡jv-mvgwiK e¨q|  ¯^q¤¢yZ †fvM e¨q †bB-`xN©Kv‡j|
5. mvaviYZ mvgwMÖK e¨‡q (AE) wmsnfvM Ask wb‡Pi †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi?  Av‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i-cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM|
K. ‡fvM L. wewb‡hvM M. miKvwi e¨q N. wbU ißvwb g~j¨ 10. fvimvg¨ Avq¯Íi (Y) wbav©iYKvix kZ© †KvbwU?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! K. Qd =Qs L. AD =AS M. MR=MC N. DL=SL
 eënv‡ii gva¨‡g ‡Kvb Dc‡hvM wbt‡kl Kiv‡K e‡j-‡fvM| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 †fvM e¨q wbf©ikxj-Av‡qi Ici|  fvimvg¨ Avq¯Í‡ii nq-AD = AS|
 ¯^q¤¢yZ I cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM n‡jv-‡fvM e¨‡qi cÖKvi‡f`|  fvimvg¨ Avq wbav©i‡Y cÖPwjZ i‡q‡Q-`ywU c×wZ|
 mwÂZ A_©‡K hLb Drcv`b m„wó Kv‡R wb‡qvM Kiv nq Zv‡K e‡j-  Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi mgZvi wfwË‡Z wbav©wiZ nq-Qd=Qs|
wewb‡qvM|  fvimvg¨ Avq wbav©wiZ nq- AI=AE n‡j|
 †`k cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ miKv‡ii A_© e¨q‡K e‡j-miKvwi e¨q|  c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i dv‡g©i fvimvg¨-MR=MC|
 wbU ißvwb g~j¨ n‡jv = ißvwb-Avg`vwb|  fvimvg¨ gRywi wbav©i‡Yi m~Î n‡jv-kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v (DL)= kÖ‡gi
6. e¨q c×wZ‡Z RvZxq Avq Kx? †hvMvb (SL)|
K. †fvM + mÂq + wewb‡qvM + wbU ißvwb 11. Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z †KvbwU Abycw¯’Z?
L. †fvM + wewb‡qvM + miKvwi e¨q+ wbU ißvwb K. wbU ißvwb (X) L. miKvwi e¨q (G)
M. wewb‡qvM + gybvdv + miKvwi e¨q + wbU ißvwb| M. ‡fvM e¨q (C) N. wewb‡qvM e¨q (I)
N. gybvdv+ miKvwi e¨q + †fvM + wbU ißvwb hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  wbU ißvwb n‡jv = ißvwb-Avg`vwb|
 RvZxq e¨q cwigvc Kiv hvq-wZbwU c×wZ‡Z|  Ave× A_©bxwZ MwVZ-wZbwU LvZ wb‡q|
 e¨q c×wZ‡Z ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b n‡jv- Y = C+I+G|  Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z we‡ePbv ewnf~©Z _v‡K-‣e‡`wkK evwYR¨|
 e¨q c×wZ‡Z RvZxq Avq wbY©‡qi m~Î n‡jv-C+I+G+(X-M)|  e× A_©bxwZ‡Z fvimvg¨ n‡jv-Y=C+I+G|
 D‡`¨v³vi eëmv cwiPvjbv Kv‡Ri cvwikÖwgK n‡jv-gybvdv|  †`k cwiPvjbv, cÖkvmwbK Kvh©wbev©n I A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨
 e¨q c×wZ‡Z †gvU e¨q †_‡K ev` w`‡Z nq-c‡ivÿ Ki| miKvi †h A_© e¨q K‡i ZvB-miKvwi e¨q|
7. e¨w³MZ Avq †_‡K Ki ev` w`‡j Kx cvIqv hvq?  `yB LvZ wewkó A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi Avw_©K gvb n‡jv-‡fvM
K. †gvU RvZxq Avq L. e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq e¨q (C) I wewb‡qvM e¨q (I) Gi mgwó|
M. wbU RvZxq Avq N. †gvU †`kR Avq  mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi wZbwU Dcv`vb i‡q‡Q- Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 12. GDP wbY©q wnmve Kiv nq-
 e¨w³ †fvM I mÂq Gi †ÿ‡Î eënvi K‡i-e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq|
i. we‡`‡k Ae¯vbiZ †`kxq‡ì Avq
 e¨w³MZ Avq †_‡K Ki ev` w`‡j cvIqv hvq-e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq|
ii. †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i we‡`wk‡ì Avq
 we‡`‡k Ae¯vbiZ †`kxq‡ì Avq AšÍfz©³ nq-GNI †Z|
iii. †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i †`kxq‡ì Avq
 GNI ‡_‡K CCI ev` w`‡j cvIqv hvq-wbU RvZxq Avq| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 †gvU †`kR Avq wnmve Kv‡j we‡ePbv Kiv nq-‡f․‡MvwjK mxgvbv|
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
250
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 2| GDP Øviv wb‡¤œi †KvbwU †evSvq?
 †`‡ki Ae¯vbiZ we‡`kx‡ì Avq AšÍfz©³ nq-GDP†Z| K) †gvU †`kR Avq L) †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b
 GDP Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv- Gross Domestic Product. M) wbU RvZxq Drcv`b N) †gvU †`kR Drcv`b
 GDP wnmv‡ei mgq ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡eP¨ welq n‡jv- †f․‡MvwjK mxgvbv| 3| A_©‣bwZK Ae¯vi gvb`Û Kv‡K e‡j?
13. e× A_©bxwZi †ÿ‡Î- K) RvZxq Drcv`b‡K L) RvZxq Avq‡K
i. GNP=GDP M) RvZxq mÂq‡K N) RvZxq wewb‡qvM‡K
ii. X-M Abycw¯Z 4| ‡KvbwU P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨ e‡j we‡ewPZ?
iii. GNP > GDP K) Mg L) gq`v M) PvDj N) iæwU
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 5| ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mgq GKwU †`k ev AÂ‡ji mKj e¨w³, `j ev
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii †Mvôxi mw¤§wjZ DcvwR©Z Av‡qi mgwó‡K Kx e‡j?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! K) GNI L) AI M) GDP N) NDP
 wZbwU LvZ wb‡q MwVZ nq-e× A_©bxwZ| 6| ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q mvaviYZ GK eQ‡i RbM‡Yi A_©‣bwZK
 e× A_©bxwZ‡Z we‡ePbv ewnf~©Z _v‡K-‣e‡`wkK evwYR¨| Kg©Kv‡Ûi d‡j GKwU †`‡ki Drcvw`Z `ªe¨mvgMÖx I ‡mevK‡g©i
 e× A_©bxwZ‡Z fvimvg¨ n‡jv Y=C+I+G| Avw_©K g~‡jï mgwó n‡jvÑ
 mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v (AD) mvgwMÖK †hvMvb (AS) mgvb-e× A_©bxwZ‡Z| K) RvZxq Avq L) e¨w³MZ Avq
 †gvU Drcv`b = †gvU Avq = †gvU e¨q mgvb-e× A_©bxwZ‡Z| M) ivóªxq Avq N) AwR©Z Avq
 DÏxcKwU co Ges 14 I 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt 7| wb‡Pi †KvbwU †KejgvÎ cwigvY ev msL¨vMZ aviYv bq?
2016 mv‡ji A I B ‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ Z_¨ wb‡P K) RvZxq Avq L) gybvdv M) mÂq N) wewb‡qvM
†Ìqv n‡jv: 8| ‡`‡ki Drcv`b, Avq, †fvM, wewb‡qvM Z_v A_©bxwZi wewfbœ Lv‡Zi
‡`k ‡fvM wewb‡qvM miKvwi wbU ißvwb RbmsL¨v Kg©aviv wK‡mi wnmv‡ei g‡a¨ wbwnZ?
(C) (I) e¨q (G) XN K) e¨w³MZ Av‡qi L) gybvdvi
A 1000 500 300 200 5.5 M) Drcvw`Z Av‡qi N) RvZxq Av‡qi
‡KvwU 9| ‡Kv‡bv †`k ev RvwZi mvgwMÖK AvqB n‡jvÑ
B 1200 700 300 -200 5 †KvwU K) mvgvwRK Avq L) RvZxq Avq
14. A I B ‡`‡ki GNP h_vµ‡g- M) RvZxq e¨q N) meKwU
K. 1800,1800 L. 2000,2000 10| Ò RvZxq Avq n‡jv GKwU †`‡ki we‡`k n‡Z cÖvß Avqmn mgv‡Ri
M. 2000,1800 N. 1800,2000 †gvU •ewk¦K Av‡qi †m Ask hv A‡_©i gva¨‡g cwigvc Kiv hvq|Ó-
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! K_vwU †K e‡j‡Qb?
 †`‡k Kg©iZ we‡`wk‡ì Avq AšÍfz©³ nq bv- GNP †Z| K) Aa¨vcK wjcwm L) Aa¨vcK wç
 GNP ‡Z AšÍfz©³ nq-cÖev‡m Kg©iZ †`kxq‡ì Avq| M) Aa¨vcK wiKv‡W©v N) Aa¨vcK gvk©vj
11| ÒRvZxq Avq n‡jv GK eQ‡i †Kvb †`‡ki Drcv`b eë¯v †_‡K
 GDP †_‡K AwaK nq- GNP Gi cwigvY|
†fv³v‡ì Rb¨ cÖvß `ªe¨ †mevi wbU Drcv`b cÖevn|ÓÑ K_vwU †K
 cwigv‡ci `„wó‡KvY †_‡K mnR-GNI|
e‡j‡Qb?
 GNP = NNP + Depereciation Cost.
K) wjcwm L) KzR‡bUm M) wç N) wiKv‡W©v
15. `ywU †`‡ki †ÿ‡Î-
12| AvaywbK c×wZ‡Z RvZxq Avq‡K wb‡Pi †Kvb m~‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk
i. A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v GKB iKg
Kiv nq?
ii. B †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v A †`‡ki †P‡q fv‡jv
K) C  Y  I  G L) Y  C  I  G
iii. B ‡`‡ki ißvwb Avg`vwbi †P‡q Kg
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M) G  Y  C  I N) I  C  Y  G
K. i L. ii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 13| Y  C  I  G , GLv‡b Y Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! K) RvZxq Avq L) RvZxq e¨q M) mÂq N) wewb‡qvM
 RvZxq Av‡qi gva¨‡g Rvbv hvq †`‡ki-A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v| 14| Y  C  I  G , GLv‡b G Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
 ¯^íKvjxb welq we‡ePbvi Rb¨ LyeB cÖ‡qvRbxq-GNP| K) e¨w³MZ e¨q L) miKvwi e¨q
 GNP Øviv wbY©q Kiv hvq bv-gv_vwcQz Avq| M) wewb‡qvM N) †fvM
 cwigvc c×wZ mnR nIqvq AwaK eëüZ nq- GNP | 15| e¨q Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges hv mÂq Kiv nq Zvi mgwóB n‡jv RvZxq
Avq| G aviYv Kxfv‡e cÖKvk Kiv hvqÑ
 GKwU †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v Rvbv hvq bv- GNP ‡_‡K|
 GNP-Gi cwigvc c×wZ n‡jv-Drcbœ `ªe¨ I †mev cÖevn Ges Avq K) Y  C  S L) Y  C  I
cÖevn| M) Y  C  G N) Y  C  I  G
DËicÎ 16| A_©bxwZ‡Z P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨ n‡jvÑ
1.L 2.N 3.L 4.L 5.K i) myZv ii) we¯‥zU iii) Rvgv
6.L 7.L 8.M 9.N 10.L wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
11.K 12.M 13.K 14.L 15.M K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii

Abykxjbx cvV-2 17| RvZxq Avq cÖKv‡ki c×wZ n‡jvÑ

1| ‡gvU RvZxq Avq wnmv‡ei mgq wb‡Pi †KvbwU hy³ nq bv? i) GNP ii) GDP iii) NNP
K) `ªe¨ I †mevi evRvi g~j¨ L) we‡`‡k Kg©iZ †`kxq‡`i Avq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) †`‡k Kg©iZ we‡`wk‡`i Avq N) wbU ißvwb K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

251
mvgwMÖK Av‡qi aviYv M) wbU †`kR Drcv`b N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
18| CCA Kx? 35| DcKiYmg~‡ni cvwikªwgK †hgb LvRbv, gRywi, my` I gybvdvi
K) Capital Consumption Allowance mgwóB n‡jvÑ
K) †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b L) †gvU †`kR Drcv`b
L) Cost of Capital in Average
M) wbU RvZxq Drcv`b N) wbU †`kR Drcv`b
M) Cost of Capital Assumpted
36| ‡`‡ki mgMÖ RvZxq Av‡qi cÖwZdjb N‡U †KvbwU‡Z?
N) Current Cost of Administration
K) wbU RvZxq Drcv`‡b L) Drcv`‡b
19| NNP -Gi c~Y©iæc ‡KvbwU? M) †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
K) New National Pr oduct 37| GDP ‡_‡K g~ja‡bi ÿqÿwZRwbZ e¨q ev` w`‡j Kx cvIqv hvq?
L) Net National Pr oduct K) †gvU RvZxq wewb‡qvM L) †gvU RvZxq e¨q
M) Nominal National Product M) wbU †`kR Drcv`b N) †gvU wewb‡qvM
N) Natural National Pr oduct 38| NDP  GDP  DC GLv‡b DC Øviv Kx wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q?
20| e¨w³MZ Avq †_‡K Ki ev` w`‡j cvIqv hvqÑ K) ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b L) wbU †`kR Drcv`b
K) †gvU RvZxq Avq L) e¨q RvZxq Avq M) ÿqÿwZRwbZ e¨q N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
M) wbU RvZxq Avq N) †gvU †`kR Avq 39| ‡KvbwU wnmve Kivi mgq †`‡k Ae¯vbiZ we‡`wk‡ì Øviv
21| ‡KvbwU‡Z we‡`wk‡ì Avq AšÍfz©³ nq? Drcvw`Z `ªe¨mvgMÖx wnmve Kiv nq?
K) GDP L) GNP M) NNP N) NI K) GDP L) NRI M) NNP N) ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq
40| wb‡Pi †KvbwU cwigv‡ci †ÿ‡Î •e‡`wkK Avq †hvM Ki‡Z nq Ges
22| NDP = Kx?
AwZwi³ e¨q ev` w`‡Z nq?
K) GDP  CCA L) GNI  NNP K) †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b L) wewb‡qvM
M) GNP  CCA N) GNI  CCA M) †gvU †`kR Drcv`b N) †fvM
23| GDP - Gi c~Y©iƒc †KvbwU? 41| ‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i Drcvw`Z `ªe¨mvgMÖx I †mevK‡g©i mgwóB n‡jvÑ
K) Gross Domestic Product K) RvZxq Avq L) †gvU Avq
L) Gross Dramatic Product M) ‡gvU Drcv`b N) †gvU †`kR Drcv`b
M) Gross Depreciation Product 42| ‡`‡ki cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³ e¨w³MZfv‡e †h Avq K‡i ZvB n‡jvÑ
N) Gross dominative Product K) AvšÍRv©wZK Avq L) e¨w³MZ Avq
24| cÖevmx evsjv‡`wk‡ì Avq wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z AšÍfz©³ nq? M) mvgvwRK Avq N) ivóªxq Avq
K) CCA L) NDP M) GDP N) GNP 43| wbU RvZxq Drcv`b + n¯ÍvšÍi cvIbv- AewÈZ gybvdv- mgwóMZ
25| ‡KvbwU NNI wnmv‡e AšÍfz©³ nq bv? AvqKiÑ mvgvwRK wbivcËvi Rb¨ Ae`vb =?
K) †emiKvwi †fvMe¨q L) †emiKvwi wbU wewb‡qvM K) PjwZ Avq L) LyPiv Avq
M) c‡ivÿ Ki N) AePq e¨q M) e¨w³MZ Avq N) gybvdv
26| A ‡`‡ki GNP  500 Ges CCA  120 n‡j 44| e¨w³MZ Avq-e¨w³MZ cÖZ¨ÿ Ki+ wbU eëmvq mÂq =?
K) cÖZ¨ÿ Avq L) c‡ivÿ e¨q
NNP KZ?
M) e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq N) Avq‡hvM¨ e¨q
K) 120 L) 380 M) 500 N) 620
45| wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Øviv e¨w³i µqÿgZv wbav©iY Kiv hvq bv?
27| we‡`‡k Kg©iZ †`kxq bvMwiK‡ì Avq wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z AšÍfz©³ nq?
K) e¨w³MZ Avq L) RvZxq Avq
K) GNP L) GDP M) CCA N) NDP M) mvgvwRK Avq N) meKwU
28| GNI -Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? 46| wb‡Pi †Kvb Av‡qi meUzKzB gvbyl e¨q Ki‡Z cv‡i?
K) Gross Net Income L) Gross National Income K) e¨w³MZ Avq L) e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq
M) Gross National Invest N) Gross New Income M) RvZxq Avq N) mvgvwRK Avq
29| ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q mvaviYZ GK eQ‡i †`‡ki bvMwiKMY †`‡ki 47| e¨w³MZ Avq wb‡Pi †Kvb Avq †_‡K wbY©q Kiv hvq?
Af¨šÍ‡i I †`‡ki evB‡i hZ P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨ I †mev Drcv`b K‡i Zvi K) RvZxq Avq L) e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq
Avw_©K g~‡jï mgwó‡K Kx e‡j? M) AbycvwR©Z Avq N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
K) GDP L) NNI M) NDP N) GNI 48| wbU RvZxq Drcv`b + n¯ÍvšÍi cvIbv-‡Kv¤úvwbi AewÈZ gybvdv =?
30| wb‡Pi †KvbwU n¯ÍvšÍi cvIbv bq? K) RvZxq Avq L) mvgvwRK Avq
K) eq¯‥ fvZv L) weaev fvZv M) e¨w³MZ Avq N) e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq
M) Aemi fvZv N) AewÈZ gybvdv 49| e¨w³MZ Avq Ñ cÖZ¨ÿ Avq =?
31| ‡KvbwU P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨? K) e¨w³MZ e¨q L) e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq
K) Mg L) AvUv M) iæwU N) Pvj M) AewÈZ Avq N) •e‡`wkK Avq
32| GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q †`‡ki wfZ‡i I we‡`‡k emevmKvix †`‡ki 50| GDP wbY©‡qi wnmve Kiv nqÑ
bvMwiK‡ì AwR©Z Avq‡K Kx e‡j? i) we‡`‡k Ae¯vbiZ †`kxq‡ì Avq
K) GDP L) GNI M) NNI N) NDP ii) †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i we‡`wk‡ì Avq
33| GNI wnmve Ki‡Z †Kvb mgqwU we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e? iii) †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i †`kxq‡ì Avq
K) 1 gvm L) 6 gvm M) 1 eQi N) 5 eQi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
34| ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q mvaviYZ GK eQ‡i GKwU †`‡k †h cwigvY K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i,ii I iii
`ªe¨mvgMÖx I ‡mevKg© Drcvw`Z nq Zvi mgwó‡K Kx e‡j? 51| ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`‡b AšÍf‚©³ nqÑ
K) †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b L) †gvU †`kR Drcv`b i) †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i †`kxq‡ì Avq
252
ii) †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i we‡`wk‡ì Avq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii) we‡`‡k Ae¯vbiZ †`kxq‡ì Avq K) i L) ii M) ii I iii N) i,ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ** wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 62bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i,ii I iii LvZ cwigvY (†KvwU UvKv)
52| miKvi A_© e¨q K‡i ‡fvM e¨q 120
i) wkÿv Lv‡Z ii) ‡mev Lv‡Z iii) ‡`k cwiPvjbvq wewb‡qvM e¨q 100
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? miKvwi e¨q 80
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i,ii I iii Avg`vwb e¨q 70
53| ‡gvU RvZxq Avq †c‡Z GDP -Gi mv‡_ †hvM Ki‡Z n‡eÑ ißvwb e¨q 50
i) cÖevmx‡ì Avq †hvM I we‡`wk‡ì Av‡qi we‡qvMdj 62| DÏxcK Abyhvqx †gvU RvZxq Avq KZ?
ii) cÖevmx‡ì Avq I we‡`wk‡ì Av‡qi †hvMdj K) 280 L) 300 M) 320 N) 420
iii) we‡`wk‡ì Avq ** wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 63 I 64bq cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? A ‡`‡ki GDP  5 wewjqb Wjvi, Avg`vwb-2 wewjqb Wjvi
K) i L) ii M) i I iii N) i,ii I iii Ges ißvwb 3 wewjqb Wjvi|
54| ‡hme Avw_©K g~j¨‡K ms‡ÿ‡c GNI e‡j Zv n‡jvÑ 63| A ‡`‡ki GNP KZ?
i) `ªe¨ ii) †mev iii) †fvM K) 4 L) 5 M) 6 N) 8
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 64| A ‡`‡ki AvšÍRv©wZK evwY‡Rï djvdj Kx?
K) i I iii L) ii I iii M) i,ii I iii N) i I ii K) jvf n‡e L) ¯^í‡gqvw` ÿwZ n‡e
55| wb‡Pi †h wRwbm¸‡jv‡K ÿqÿwZi AePq ejv hvqÑ M) AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e N) `xN©‡gqvw` ÿwZ n‡e
i) hš¿cvwZ ii) Kvco iii) Nievwo ** wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 65 I 66bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? cÙv †mZz wbgv©‡Y †`kxq kÖwg‡Ki cvkvcvwk A‡bK we‡`wk kÖwgK Kg©iZ|
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i,ii I iii we‡`wk kÖwgKiv cÖwZ gv‡m Zv‡ì cwiev‡ii Kv‡Q UvKv cvVvb|
56| wbU RvZxq Drcv`b †ei Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbÑ 65| GNI - ‡Z AšÍf~©³ n‡e Kv‡ì Avq?
i) ÿqÿwZRwbZ e¨q ii) gybvdv iii) GNP K) †`kxq bvMwiK‡ì Avq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? L) †`‡k Ae¯vbiZ we‡`wk‡ì Avq
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i,ii I iii M) †`kxq I we‡`wk bvMwiK‡ì Avq
57| wbU Drcv`b cwigv‡ci mgq we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nqÑ N) Dc‡ii †Kv‡bvwUB bq
i) bZzb hš¿cvwZ 66| GDP -‡Z AšÍf‚©³ n‡eÑ
ii) wbKU wewb‡qvM‡hvM¨ e¨q i) †`kxq bvMwiK‡ì Avq
iii) cyivZb hš¿cvwZ ii) cÙv †mZz‡Z Kg©iZ we‡`wk kÖwgK‡ì Avq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii) we‡`wk Kg©iZ †`kxq kÖwgK‡ì Avq
K) i L) i I iii M) ii N) i,ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
58| wbU †`kR Drcv`b †ei Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbÑ K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i,ii I iii
i) GDP ii) DC iii) NNP ** wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 67 I 68bs cÖIkœi DËi `vI:
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? GKwU e× A_©bxwZ‡Z †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó eQ‡ii mvgwMÖK Avq n‡jv 2,61,213
†KvwU UvKv Ges mvgwMÖK e¨q n‡jv 2,14,885 †KvwU UvKv|
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i,ii I iii
67| 2,61,213 †KvwU UvKvi aviYv wb‡Pi †KvbwUi mv‡_ AwaK
59| e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq wbY©q Ki‡Z e¨w³MZ Av‡qi mv‡_ †hvM Ki‡Z nqÑ
mvgÄm¨c~Y©?
i) cÖZ¨ÿ Ki ii) mÂq iii) †fvM e¨q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) GNI L) NNI M) GDP N) NDP
68| 2,14,885 †KvwU UvKvi aviYvwU wb‡Pi †KvbwUi mv‡_ cÖvmw½K?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i,ii I iii
** wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 60 I 61bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: i) †fvM ii) wewb‡qvM e¨q iii) miKvwi e¨q ( G )
2016 m‡bi A I B ‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ Z_¨ wb‡¤œ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
†Ìqv n‡jvÑ K) i L) ii M) ii I iii N) i,ii I iii
‡`k ‡fvM wewb‡qvM miKvwi wbU ißvwb RbmsL¨v ** wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 69 I 70bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
( C) ( I) e¨q (X  M ) wg. w¯§_ KvbvWv †_‡K G‡m evsjv‡`‡k GKwU wkí cÖwZôvb M‡o
( G) †Zv‡jb| Avevi wg. Rvgvj evsjv‡`k †_‡K wM‡q Px‡bi GKwU wkí
A 1000 500 300 200 5.5 †KvwU cÖwZôv‡b wewb‡qvM K‡ib Ges †`‡k A_© cvVvb|
B 1200 700 300 -200 5 †KvwU 69| wg. w¯§‡_i DcvwR©Z A_© G‡`‡ki †Kvb wnmv‡ei mv‡_ hy³ n‡e?
K) †gvU RvZxq Drcv`‡b L) wbU RvZxq Drcv`‡b
60| A I B ‡`‡ki GNP h_vµ‡gÑ
K) 1800,1800 L) 2000,2000 M) †gvU †`kR Drcv`‡b N) wbU †`kR Drcv`‡b
M) 2000, 1800 N) 1800, 2000
61| `ywU †`‡ki †ÿ‡Î Ñ 70| wg. Rvgv‡ji Avq hy³ n‡e evsjv‡`‡kiÑ
i) †gvU ‡`kR Drcv`‡b
i) A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v GKB iKg
ii) †gvU RvZxq Drcv`‡b
ii) B ‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v A ‡`‡ki †P‡q fv‡jv
iii) †gvU RvZxq Avq
iii) B †`‡ki ißvwb Avg`vwbi †P‡q Kg
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
253
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i,ii I iii M) Y  C  I  G  X  M
** wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 71 I 72bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: N) Y  C  I  G  ( x  M)
‡ejvj Zvi GK weNv Rwg‡Z mbvZb c×wZ‡Z avb Pvl K‡i 60 gY 86| Y  C  I  G  (X  M) GLv‡b ( X  M ) Øviv Kx
avb Drcv`b K‡i| cieZ©x eQi †m AvaywbK c×wZ‡Z Pvl K‡i 70
wb‡`©k K‡i?
gY †cj|
K) †fvM L) wewb‡qvM M) wbU Avq N) wbU ißvwb
71| Drcv`b e„w×i †ÿ‡Î †ejvj wb‡Pi †KvbwUi mvnvh¨ †bq?
87| ‡`‡ki RvZxq Avq cwigv‡ci c×wZ-
K) f‚wgi cwieZ©b L) kÖ‡gi cwieZ©b
M) cÖhyw³i cwieZ©b N) g~ja‡bi cwieZ©b i) Drcv`b c×wZ ii) Avq c×wZ iii) e¨q c×wZ
72| ‡ejv‡ji Drcv`b e„w× A_©bxwZ‡ZÑ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i L) ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
i) GDP e„w× K‡i
88| mv‡ne cyivZb GKwU evwo µq Ki‡jb G‡ÿ‡Î GwU wRwWwc-Gi
ii) GNP e„w× K‡i AvIZvfz³ bv nIqvi KviY-
iii) gv_vwcQz Avq n«vm K‡i i) c~‡e© •ZixK…Z
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii) •ØZ MYbv mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡e
K) ii I iii L) i I iii M) i I ii N) i,ii I iii
iii) ÿwZi cwigvY †ewk n‡e
mvgwMÖK Avq cwigv‡ci c×wZmg~n
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
73| e¨q c×wZ‡Z RvZxq Avq Kx?
K) †fvM + mÂq + wewb‡qvM + wbU ißvwb L) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
L) †fvM + wewb‡qvM + miKvwi e¨q + wbU ißvwb 89| wb‡Pi †h ¸‡jv †hvM K‡iI RvZxq Avq wba©viY Kiv hvq-
M) wewb‡qvM + gybvdv + miKvwi e¨q + wbU ißvwb i) †gvU LvRbv ii) †gvU gRywi iii) †gvU my`
N) gybvdv + miKvwi e¨q + †fvM + wbU ißvwb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
74| wb‡Pi †Kvb †`kwU‡Z mvgwMÖK Avq cwigv‡c Drcv`‡b I e¨q Dfq K) i L) i I ii M) i, ii I iii N) i I iii
c×wZ‡Z AbymiY Kiv nq? wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 90 I 91 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) hy³ivR¨ L) KvbvWv M) d«vÝ N) hy³ivóª X †`‡ki GNI = 2000 †KvwU UvKv Ges CCA  375
75| RvZxq Avq MYbvi c×wZg~jK KqwU? †KvwU UvKv|
K) 3wU L) 5wU M) 2wU N) 4wU 90| X †`‡ki NNI KZ †KvwU UvKv?
76| Y  C  I  G  X  M  Kx n‡e? K) 1625 L) 1725 M) 2075 N) 2375
K) GNP L) GDP M) NDP N) NNP 91| D³ †`‡ki X a  0 n‡j-
77| RvZxq Avq MYbvi c×wZ bq †KvbwU? K) GNP  GDP nq L) GNP  GDP nq
K) Drcv`b c×wZ L) Dcv`vb c×wZ
M) GNP  GDP nq N) GNP  NNP nq
M) Avq c×wZ N) e¨q c×wZ
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 92 I 93 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
78| Drcvw`Z cY¨ mvgMÖx I ‡mevK‡g©i Avw_©K g~‡jï mgwó wnmve K‡i
GKwU †`‡ki †gvU †fvM e¨q = 1000, miKvwi e¨q= 500,
†Kvb c×wZ‡Z RvZxq Avq MYbv Kiv hvq?
wewb‡qvM e¨q = 250, ißvwb Avq = 500, Avg`vwb e¨q = 50|
K) Drcv`b c×wZ‡Z L) Avq c×wZ‡Z
92| D³ †`‡ki GNP KZ?
M) e¨q c×wZ‡Z N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
K) 2000 L) 2100 M) 2200 N) 2300
79| Drcv`‡bi DcKiY †_‡K cÖvc¨ Avq Øviv RvZxq Avq wbY©‡qi
c×wZ †KvbwU? 93| D³ †`‡ki GDP KZ?
K) Drcv`b c×wZ L) Dcv`vb c×wZ K) 1550 L) 1750 M) 1850 M) 1950
M) e¨q c×wZ N) Avq c×wZ wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 94 I 95 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
80| wb‡Pi †KvbwU Drcv`‡bi DcKiY bq? ÔKÕ †`‡k GKwU wbw`©ó eQ‡i Drcvw`Z mKj cY¨mvgMÖx I †mevKg©
K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) cvwb N) g~jab weµq K‡i 40,000 †KvwU UvKv cvIqv hvq, g~jab mvgMÖxi
81| n¯ÍvšÍi cvIbv RvZxq Av‡q Kx Kiv nq?? ÿqÿwZ RwbZ e¨q ev` w`‡q †`kwUi 32000 ‡KvwU UvKv _v‡K|
K) mshy³ Kiv nq L) ev` w`‡Z nq 94| ÔKÕ †`‡k wbw`©ó eQ‡i AwR©Z 32000 †KvwU UvKv‡K wK e‡j?
M) †Kv‡bv m¤úK© †bB N) Avq wnmv‡e †hvM nq K) GNI L) NNI M) GDP N) NDP
82| wb‡Pi †KvbwU RvZxq Avq wnmv‡ei mgq †hvM Kiv nq? 95| GB 32,000 UvKv wbY©‡qi m~Î n‡jv-
K) n¯ÍvšÍi cvIbv L) wbU ißvwb i) 32,000 = GNI  DC
M) †mevg~jK KvR N) Amr Dcv‡q DcvR©b ii) 32,000= C  I  G  (X  M )  DC
83| wb‡Pi †KvbwU n¯ÍvšÍi cvIbv bq? iii) 32,000= C  I  G
K) eq®‥ fvZv L) wbU ißvwb wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) Aemi fvZv N) Aew›UZ gybvdv K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
84| bvMwiK‡ì e¨‡qi mgwó wnmve K‡i RvZxq Avq wbY©q Kiv nq mvgwMÖK e¨q
†Kvb c×wZ‡Z? 96| ‡KvbwU mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask?
K) Avq c×wZ‡Z L) Dcv`vb c×wZ‡Z K) e¨w³MZ e¨q L) miKvwi e¨q
M) e¨q c×wZ‡Z N) Drcv`b c×wZ‡Z M) mvgwiK e¨q N) cvwievwiK e¨q
85| e¨q c×wZ‡Z RvZxq Avq wbY©‡qi m~ÎwU n‡jv- 97| Y  C  I  G  (X  M)  Kx n‡e?
K) Y  P1X1  P2 X 2  .......  Pn N n K) GDP L) GNP M) NNP N) NDP
L) Y  r  w  i    Tp 98| Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z †KvbwU Abycw¯Z?

254
K) C L) X M) I N) G 120| mÂ‡qi ÿgZv cÖavbZ wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Ici wbf©i K‡i?
99| ‡Kvb Dcv`vbwU Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z Abycw¯Z? K) Avq L) e¨q M) wewb‡qvM N) Drcv`b
K) wbU ißvwb L) miKvwi e¨q M) †fvM e¨q N) wewb‡qvM e¨q 121| Kvi mÂq Kivi ÿgZv †ewk _v‡K?
100| ¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK †KvbwU? K) hvi gv_vwcQz Avq Kg L) hvi e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq Kg
K) S  Y  C L) Y  C  1 M) hvi gv_vwcQz Avq †ewk N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
M) C  bY N) C  a  bY 122| wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Ici mÂq we‡klfv‡e wbf©i K‡i?
101| GKwU Db¥y³ A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK Av‡qi mgxKiY †KvbwU? K) e¨q L) mÂ‡qi B”Qv M) †fv‡Mi B”Qv N) Drcv`b
123| gvbyl wK‡mi Rb¨ mÂq K‡i?
K) C  I L) C  I  G
K) gybvdvi Rb¨ L) fwel¨‡Zi wbivcËvi Rb¨
M) C  I  G  ( X  M ) N) C  I  (X  M)
M) eZ©gvb †fv‡Mi Rb¨ N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
102| ‡Kvb †fvMe¨q Avq †_‡K ¯^vaxb? 124| Kvi g‡Z Av‡M †_‡KB Av‡Q Ggb wkíKviLvbv miÄvg I
K) cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvMe¨q L) ¯^q¤¢yZ †fvMe¨q e¯‧mvgMÖxi mv‡_ bZzb wKQz hy³ nIqv‡K cÖK…Z wewb‡qvM e‡j?
M) †fvM¨cY¨ Av‡qi Rb¨ e¨q N) miKvwi †fvMe¨q K) gvk©vj L) wdwjc M) †KBÝ N) cviwKb
103| S  Y  C mgxKiYwU †Kvb ai‡bi A‡cÿK? 125| wewb‡qvM Kiv n‡j †`‡ki ‡KvbwU e„w× cvq?
K) †fvM L) wewb‡qvM M) Avq N) mÂq K) wbU Avq L) †gvU Avq M) †gvU e¨q N) •e‡`wkK Avq
105| ivwKe mv‡n‡ei gvwmK †eZb 20,100 UvKv †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 46,970 126| wewb‡qvM KZ cÖKvi?
UvKv nq Ges †fv‡Mi Rb¨ Zvi gvwjK LiP 15,000 UvKv †_‡K e„w× K) 2 cÖKvi L) 3 cÖKvi M) 4 cÖKvi N) 5 cÖKvi
†c‡q 20000 UvKv nq| Zvi eZ©gvb mÂ‡qi cwigvY KZ? 127| ‡Kvb ai‡bi wewb‡qvM A_© n‡jv cÖK…Z mvgvwRK g~ja‡bi †gvU e„w×?
K) 5000 L) 5100 M) 26870 N) 26970 K) miKvwi wewb‡qvM L) e¨w³MZ wewb‡qvM
106| ‡KvbwU mÂq mgxKiY? M) •e‡`wkK wewb‡qvM N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
K) S  20-0.6 Y L) S  -20-0.6 Y 128| ‡Kvb e¨w³i Avq †_‡K e¨q ev` w`‡j hv _v‡K ZvB n‡jv-
M) S  20+0.6 Y N) S  -20+0.6 Y K) gybvdv L) wewb‡qvM M) mÂq N) my`
107| mÂ‡qi D‡Ïk¨ Kx? 129| miKvi kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Ges bvbv cÖKvi Dbœqbg~jK I
K) eZ©gv‡bi †fvM L) AZx‡Zi †fvM RbwnZKi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †h gy`ªv e¨q K‡i Zv‡K wK e‡j?
M) fwel¨‡Zi †fvM N) †fv‡Mi DØ„Ë K) ivR¯^ Avq L) miKvwi e¨q
108| miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡ì †eZb fvZv wbwðZ Ki‡Z †h e¨q wbY©q Kiv M) mvgvwRK e¨q N) Dbœqb e¨q
nq Zv n‡jv- 130| wb‡Pi †KvbwU †_‡K †K›`ªxq e¨q wbev©n Kiv nq?
K) ivR¯^ e¨q L) g~jabx e¨q M) †fvM e¨q N) e¨w³MZ e¨q K) ‣e‡`wkK mvnvh¨ †_‡K L) gybvdv †_‡K
109| mÂ‡qi B”Qv n«vm cvq †Kb? M) Ki I Ki ewnf©~Z ivR¯^ †_‡K N) FY †_‡K
K) my‡ì nvi evo‡j L) my‡ì nvi Kg _vKv 131| ¯vbxq miKvi ¯vbxq mgm¨vewj mgvav‡bi Rb¨ †h e¨q K‡i Zv‡K
M) K‡ii nvi Kg _vKv N) RxebhvÎvi gvb Kg _vKv wK e‡j??
110| mÂq †Kvb wel‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i? K) ivóªxq e¨q L) RvZxq e¨q M) ¯vbxq e¨q N) Dcwi e¨q
K) †fvM L) wewb‡qvM M) Avq N) g~jab 132| GKwU †`‡ki Dbœq‡bi c~e©kZ© Kx?
111| eZ©gvb g~jab `ª‡eï mv‡_ AwZwi³ g~jab `ªe¨ ms‡hvwRZ nIqv‡K K) wkÿv L) Lv`¨ M) cÖwZiÿv N) cÖkvmb
Kx e‡j? 133| ¯îvóª, A_©, WvK, Zvi, evwYR¨, Lv`¨ BZ¨vw` wefvM wK‡mi AšÍf©y³?
K) †fvM L) msÁv M) wewb‡qvM N) g~jab K) mvaviY cÖkvmb L) cywjk cÖkvmb
112| wK‡mi Øviv miKvwi gy`ªveë¯v cwiPvwjZ I wbqwš¿Z nq? M) ‣e‡`wkK welqvewj N) wePvi wefvM
K) Avq L) gybvdv M) mÂq N) e¨q 134| wb‡Pi †KvbwU miKv‡ii AcÖZ¨vwkZ e¨q?
113| miKvi m¤ú` m„wó ev we`¨gvb m¤ú‡ì mv‡_ AwZwi³ m¤ú` K) cvK© ¯vcb L) †b․hvb µq
ms‡hvR‡bi Rb¨ †h e¨q K‡ib, Zv‡K wK e‡j? M) eb¨vZ©‡ì cybe©vmb N) iv¯ÍvNvU wbgv©Y
K) g~jab e¨q L) ms‡hvRb e¨q 135| wewb‡qvM e„w×i d‡j-
M) m¤ú~iK e¨q N) ivR¯^ e¨q i) †gvU e¨q ev‡o ii) Mo e¨q w¯i _v‡K iii) Drcv`b ev‡o
114| hveZxq A_©‣bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi g~j D‡Ïk¨ †KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) mÂq L) wewb‡qvM M) †fvM N) Drcv`b K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
115| ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³i †fvM wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Ici wbf©i K‡i? 136| mÂq wbfi K‡i-
K) Av‡qi Ici L) mÂ‡qi Ici i) Av‡qi Ici
M) wewb‡qv‡Mi Ici N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq ii) cÖvwšÍK †fvM cÖeYZvi Ici
116| wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K ‡fvM Kiv hvq bv? iii) my‡ì nv‡ii Ici
K) Kvco cy‡o †M‡j L) Avmeve cyivZb n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) eënv‡ii Kvi‡Y †dvb bó n‡j N) we¯‥zU †L‡j K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
117| g~jab MV‡bi wfwË n‡jv-
137| gy³ A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK Avq ( GNI ) nj-
K) mÂq L) Drcv`b M) gybvdv N) wewb‡qvM
i) GNI  C  I  G
118| Av‡qi DØ„Ë, hv eZ©gvb †fvM Kiv nq bv Zv n‡jv- ii) GNI  C  I  G  Xn
K) wewb‡qvM L) wegv M) †fvM N) mÂq iii) GNI  C  I  G  (X  M )
119| mÂq cÖavbZ KqwU wel‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) 1wU L) 2wU M) 3wU N) 4wU K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii

255
138| cÖvwšÍK †fvMcÖeYZv Kg‡j, Avq e„w×i d‡j- Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z fvimvg¨ Avi wba©viY
i) †fvM Kg‡e 147| fvimvg¨ Avq¯i (Y) wba©viYKvix kZ© †KvbwU?
ii) wewb‡qvM evo‡e K) Qd  Qs L) AD  AS
iii) g~jab msMV‡bi nvi evo‡e M) MR  MC N) D L  SL
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 148| ‡KBb‡mi g‡Z Ave× A_©bxwZi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mZ¨?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) Y  C L) Y  C  I
139| K¬¨vwmK¨vj A_©bxwZ mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi Dcv`vb n‡jv-
M) Y  C  I  G N) Y  C  I  G  (X  M )
i) wewb‡qvM Avq ii) miKvwi e¨q iii) †fvM e¨q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 149| Ave× A_©bxwZi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK bq?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) Y  C L) Y  C  I
140| ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b wb‡Pi ‡h¸‡jvi mgš^‡q MwVZ- M) Y  C  I  G N) Y  C  I  G  (X  M )
i) C ii) I iii) G 150| e× A_©bxwZi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK bq?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) GK L) `yB M) wZb N) Pvi
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 151| Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wba©vi‡Y wb‡Pi †Kvb
141| A¨vWvg w¯§‡_i g‡Z iv‡óªi `vwqZ¡ n‡jv- AbywgZ kZ©wU cÖ‡hvR¨ bq?
i) AvµgY n‡Z †`k iÿv Kiv K) Avw_©K gRywi I `vg¯Íi w¯i L) miKvwi e¨q cÖ‡ivwPZ
ii) Af¨šÍixY kvwšÍ iÿv Kiv M) ¯^íKvj we‡eP¨ N) wZb fvZ wewkó A_©bxwZ
152| ‡KBb‡mi g‡Z Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z †KvbwU mZ¨?
iii) mvgvwRK I A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb Kiv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) Y  C L) Y  C  I
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii M) Y  C  I  G N) Y  C  I  G  (X  M )
142| wb‡Pi †h ¸‡jv ivR¯^ e¨q- 153| gy`ªvi †hvMv‡bi cÖK„Z g~j¨ e„w× †c‡j cÖK…Z gy`ªv Znwe‡ji †ÿ‡Î
i) cÖkvmb cwiPvjbv ii) Ki D‡Ëvjb iii) nvmcvZvj ¯vcb wb‡Pi †KvbwU NU‡e?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) AwZwi³ †hvMvb †`Lv w`‡e L) †hvMvb Kg‡e
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii M) AwZwi³ Pvwn`v †`Lv w`‡e N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
143| wewb‡qv‡Mi cÖKvi‡f` n‡jv- 154| Avw_©K gRywi w¯i ‡_‡K `vg e„w×i mv‡_ Drcv`b e„w×i †h m¤úK©
i) e¨w³MZ wewb‡qvM ¯vwcZ nq Zv †Kvb †iLvi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡bv nq|
ii) miKvwi wewb‡qvM K) AS L) AD M) DO N) SS
iii) gybvdvwenxb wewb‡qvM 155| e× A_©bxwZi †ÿ‡Î-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i) GNP = GDP
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii ii) X  M Abycw¯Z
144| miKvwi e¨‡qi cÖKvi‡f` n‡jv- iii) GNP  GDP
i) †K›`ªxq e¨q ii) ¯vbxq e¨q iii) Dcwi e¨q wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 156 I 157 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 145 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

n‡jv-
K) H L) I M) J N) K
145| A_©bxwZ‡Z fvimvg¨ Avq ( y) n‡jv-
157| miKvwi e¨q (G ) 100 UvKv hy³ n‡j fvimvg¨ Avq n‡e-
K) 100 L) 200 M) 300 N) 400
K) 200 UvKv L) 300 UvKv
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 146 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
M) 400 UvKv N) 500 UvKv
Rbve AvBqye mv‡n‡ei Avq hLb 150 †KvwU UvKv ZLb Zvi
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 158I 159 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wewb‡qvM 75 †KvwU UvKv| Avq e„w× †c‡q 300 †KvwU UvKv n‡j
wewb‡qvM e„w× †c‡q 150 †KvwU UvKv nq|
146| DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi wewb‡qv‡Mi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?
K) ¯^q¤¢yZ L) cÖ‡ivwPZ
M) mvaviY N) mshy³

256
158| DÏxc‡K ¯^q¤¢yZ †fv‡Mi cwigvY KZ? 3. LvRbv, gRywi, my` I gybvdv †hvM Ki‡j cvIqv hvq-RvZxq Avq|
K) 50 L) 200 M) 300 N) 400 4. GKwU †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Ae¯vi gvb`Ð-RvZxq Avq|
159। wP‡Î †Kvb we›`y‡Z mÂq k~b¨? 5. RvZxq Drcv`b A‡cÿv RvZxq Avq †ewk n‡j-gy`ªvùxwZ nq|
K) E 0 L) E1 M) e 2 N) O 6. ‡Kv‡bv †`‡k GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q P‚ovšÍfv‡e †h cwigvY `ªe¨ mvgMÖx
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 160 I 161 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Drcvw`Z nq Zvi mgwó‡K e‡j-‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b|
7. ‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b‡K ms‡ÿ‡c Kx e‡j-GNP|
8. RvZxq Avq †_‡K †gvU c‡ivÿKi ev` w`‡j cvIqv hvq-e¨q †hvM¨ Avq|
9. ‡gvU RvZxq Avq †_‡K ÿqÿwZRwbZ e¨q ev` w`‡j cvIqv hvq-wbU
RvZxq Avq|
160| K wPÎwU Kx wb‡`©k K‡i? 10. wbU RvZxq Drcv`‡bi A_©g~j¨‡K e‡j-wbU RvZxq Avq|
K) e× A_©bxwZ‡Z RvZxq Avq 11. wbU RvZxq Avq‡K ms‡ÿ‡c e‡j-NNI|
L) †Lvjv A_©bxwZ‡Z RvZxq Avq 12. evsjv‡`‡k PvKwi I eëmv evwY‡Rï †ÿ‡Î RvZxq Avq cwigvc Kiv
M) mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v wba©viY nq-Avq c×wZ‡Z|
N) mvgwMÖK †hvMvb wba©viY
13. ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b‡K ms‡ÿ‡c ejv nq -GDP|
161| AD w¯i †_‡K AS †iLvi cwieZ©b n‡j-
14. ‡Kv‡bv †`‡ki cÖK…Z A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v wba©vwiZ nq-wbU †`kR
i) P0 evo‡e Y0 Kg‡e Drcv`b Øviv|
ii) P0 Kg‡e Y0 evo‡e 15. cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³ ¯^cÖ‡Póvq †h A_© Avq K‡i Zv‡K e‡j-e¨w³MZ Avq|
iii) P0 I Y0 `ywUB w¯i _vK‡e 16. e¨w³MZ Avq †_‡K wewfbœ Ki ev` w`‡j cvIqv hvq-e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 17. RvZxq Avq cwigv‡ci c×wZ-3wU|
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 18. ‡`‡ki me †jv‡Ki Avq wnmve K‡i RvZxq Avq cwigvc Kiv n‡j
Zv‡K e‡j-Avq c×wZ|
DËicÎ 1.M 19. e¨‡qi mgwó wb‡q †h RvZxq Avq wbY©q Kiv nq Zv‡K e‡j-e¨q c×wZ|
2.N 3.L 4.N 5.L 6.K 20. Rwgi Rb¨ cÖ‡`q A_©‡K e‡j-LvRbv|
7.K 8.N 9.L 10.L 11.L 21. kÖ‡gi Rb¨ cÖ‡`q A_©‡K e‡j-gRywi|
12.L 13.K 14.L 15.K 16.L
22. g~ja‡bi Rb¨ cª‡`q A_©‡K e‡j-my`|
17.N 18.K 19.L 20.L 21.K
23. msMV‡bi Avq GKwU-wØgyLx cÖevn|
22.K 23.K 24.N 25.N 26.L
24. RvZxq Av‡qi e„ËvKvi cÖev‡ni cªevn-2wU|
27.K 28.L 29.N 30.N 31.M
32.L 33.M 34.K 35.K 36.M 25. Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vb cvwikÖwgK †hgb nq-cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b ÿgZvi mgvb|
37.M 38.M 39.K 40.K 41.N 26. `ª‡eï `vg n‡e-cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b ÿgZvi mgvb|
42.L 43.M 44.M 45.K 46.L 27. evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Av‡qi Drm¸‡jv‡K †h KqwU Lv‡Z fvM Kiv
47.K 48.M 49.L 50.M 51.K n‡q‡Q-15wU|
52.N 53.K 54.N 55.M 56.M 28. g~jab `ª‡eï Rb¨ e¨‡qi cwigvY‡K ejv nq-wewb‡qvM|
57.M 58.K 59.M 60.L 61.M 29. Avq †_‡K †fvMe¨q ev` w`‡j _v‡K-mÂq|
62.M 63.M 64.K 65.K 66.K 30. mÂq wnmve Kivi m~Î-s=y-c|
67.L 68.N 69.M 70.L 71.M 31. mÂ‡qi mgxKiY n‡jv-s=-20+0.6y
72.M 73.L 74.N 75.K 76.K
77.L 78.K 79.N 80.M 81.L weMZ mv‡j wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© cixÿvq Avmv
82.L 83.N 84.M 85.M 86.N cÖ‡kœi wfwWI K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
87.N 88.K 89.M 90.K 91.L
92.M 93.L 94.L 95.K 96.L
97.L 98.L 99.K 100.N 101.M
102.L 103.N 104.M 105.N 106.N
107.M 108.K 109.N 110.M 111.M
112.N 113.K 114.M 115.K 116.K
117.K 118.N 119.L 120.K 121.M
122.L 123.L 124.M 125.M 126.K
127.K 128.M 129.L 130.M 131.M
Abykxjb cvV-3 (weMZ mv‡j Avmv wek¦we`¨vj‡q cÖkœmg~n)
132.K 133.K 134.M 135.L 136.N
1. ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡eP¨ welq? [CU-D:21-22]
137.M 138.M 139.L 140.N 141.N K. †f․‡MvwjK mxgvbv L. RvZxqZv
142.M 143.K 144.K 145.M 146.L
M. cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` N. LwbR m¤ú`
147.L 148.M 149.N 150.N 151.L
DËi: K, mgvavb: GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q †Kv‡bv †`‡ki ‡f․‡MvwjK
152.M 153.K 154.K 155.K 156.L
157.M 158.K 159.K 160.K 161.K mxgvi †fZ‡i †`wk I we‡`wk bvMwiK KZ…©K Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ I ‡mevi
evRvi g~j¨ n‡Z †`kxq bvMwiK KZ©©„K we‡`k n‡Z †cÖwiZ A_© ev`
Zzwg Avgvi (wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© cixÿv) w`‡j hv _vK‡e ZvB †gvU †`kR Drcv`b ev Gross Domestic
1. ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q mvaviYZ GK eQ‡i GKwU †`‡ki RbM‡Yi Product (GDP)| GDP=C+Ig+G+Xn[C= ‡fvM e¨q, Ig=
Avw_©K Kg©Kv‡Ði d‡j Drcvw`Z P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨ mvgMÖxi A_©g~j¨‡K wK
‡gvU wewb‡qvM e¨q, G= miKvwi e¨q, Xn=wbU ißvwb = X-M]
e‡j-RvZxq Avq|
2. RvZxq Avq‡K KqwU `„wó‡KvY †_‡K msÁvwqZ Kiv hvq|-wZbwU|
257
2. Gi A_© evRv‡i Pjgvb g~‡jï †P‡q Kg `v‡g cY¨ wewµ Kiv | K. GNP = GDP L. GNP > GDP
[CU-D : 21-22] M. GNP < GDP N. wZbwU m¤¢e
K. fZz©wK L. U¨vwid M. Wvw¤ús N. †KvUv DËi: L, mgvavb: GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q (1 eQi) GKwU †`‡k
DËi: K, mgvavb: ‡Kv‡bv wRwb‡mi g~j¨ wba©viY Kivi ci hw` †mB cÖ¯‧ZK…Z P~ovšÍ ch©v‡qi `ªe¨ I ‡mevi evRvi g~‡jï mgwó‡K †gvU
g~j¨ c~Y©fv‡e †Kv‡bfv‡e Av`vq bv nq, Zvn‡j evwK AskUyKz wb‡R RvZxq Drcv`b ev Gross National Product (GNP) e‡j|
ev miKvi KZ©„K cwi‡kva Kivi bvgB n‡jv fZz©wK| bZzb wkí †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q †Kv‡bv †`‡ki ‡f․‡MvwjK mxgvbvi Af¨šÍ‡i
KviLvbv I K…wlc‡Yï Ici miKvi fZz©wK cÖ`vb K‡i, †hb K…lKiv Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ I †mevi evRvi g~‡jï mgwó‡K †gvU †`kR Drcv`b
Kg `v‡g cY¨ µq Ki‡Z cv‡i| Rvw¤ús n‡jv AvšÍR©vwZK evRv‡i ev Gross Domestic Product (GDP) e‡j|
†Kv‡bv c‡Yï ÿqÿwZ c~i‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ‡`q A_©| GNP= ‡`‡k Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ I †mevi evRvi g~j¨ + †`kxq‡ì
3. GKwU wbw`©ó erm‡i miKvi Zvi Kg©Pvix‡ì †eZb eve` 500 we‡`k n‡Z Avq-we‡`wk‡ì ‡`k n‡Z Avq|
wgwjqb Ges weaev fvZv eve` 50 wgwjqb UvKv LiP Kij| G `yÕ‡Uv GDP = ‡`‡k Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ I †mevi evRvi g~j¨ + D³ †`‡k
†jb‡`‡bi g‡a¨ †KvbwU wRwWwc-‡Z AšÍfz©³ n‡e? [CU-D : 21- we‡`wk‡ì Avq- †`kxq bvMwiK KZ©„K we‡`k n‡Z Avq|
22]
myZivs GNP Gi LvZ GDP A‡cÿv e„nr|
K. Dfq †jb‡`b L. ïaygvÎ †eZb eve` LiP
M. ïaygvÎ weaev fvZv N. †Kv‡bvwUB bq 8. cÖK…Z GDP gvcv nqÑg~‡j¨, Ges bvwgK GDP gvcv nqÑg~‡j¨|
DËi: K, mgvavb: GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q †Kv‡bv †`‡ki †f․‡MvwjK [CU-D : 21-22]
K. wfwË eQi; we‡`wk L. wfwË eQi; eZ©gvb eQi
mxgvi †fZ‡i †`wk I we‡`wk bvMwiK KZ©„K Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï I
M. ‡`kxq; we‡`wk N. gaëZx©; P~ovšÍ
†mevi evRvi g~j¨ n‡Z †`kxq bvMwiK KZ©„K Drcvw`Z `ª‡eï I
DËi: L, mgvavb: bvwgK wRwWwc GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q †Kv‡bv †`‡ki
†mevi evRvi g~j¨ n‡Z †`kxq bvMwiK KZ©„K we‡`k n‡Z ‡cÖwiZ A_©
A_©bxwZ‡Z P~ovšÍfv‡e Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ I †mevi evRvi g~j¨‡K bvwgK
ev` w`‡j hv _vK‡e ZvB †gvU †`kR Drcv`b ev Gross
wRwWwc ev Nominal GDP e‡j hv ïay H eQ‡ii mv‡_B m¤úwK©Z
Domestic Product (GDP)
I gy`ªvùxwZ Øviv cÖfvweZ nq|
GDP=C+I+G+Xn [C= ‡fvM e¨q, Ig = ‡gvU wewb‡qvM e¨q,
cÖK…Z wRwWwc : GKwU wbw`©ó †`‡k, †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó mgq‡K wfwË
G= miKvwi e¨q, Xn = wbU ißvwb = X-M]
eQi wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i, †mB Zzjbvq eZ©gvb eQ‡i †`‡ki
miKvwi Kg©Pvix‡ì †eZb I weaev fvZv n‡jv miKvwi e¨q hv
A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ I ‡mevi evRvi g~j¨‡K cÖK…Z wRwWwc ev
wRwWwc‡Z AšÍfz©³ _v‡K|
Real GDP e‡j|
4. GKwU wbw`©ó erm‡i †Kv‡bv GKwU †`‡ki Avw_©K GNI 3300
cÖK…Z wRwWwc gvc nq wfwË eQi g~‡j¨ Ges bvwgK wRwWwc gvcv nq
wgwjqb| hw` `vg¯Íi 110 nq, Z‡e †`kwUi cÖK…Z GNI KZ n‡e?
eZ©gvb eQi g~‡j¨|
[CU-D : 21-22]
K. 3300 L. 30 M. 3000 N. 3630 9. GDP cÖe„w× cwigv‡ci m~Î n‡”Q- [CU-D : 21-22]
DËi: M, mgvavb: ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q †`‡ki bvMwiKMY †`‡ki K.
Af¨šÍ‡i †`‡ki evB‡i hZ P~ovšÍ `ªe¨ I †mev Drcv`b K‡i Zvi
Avw_©K g~‡jï mgwó‡K †gvU RvZxq Avq ev Gross National L.
Income (GNI) e‡j|
cÖK…Z M.
5. hw` 2005 mv‡ji bvwgK wRwWwc 2004 mv‡ji bvwgK wRwWwc N.
AwZµg K‡i Zvn‡j Drcv`b? [CU-D : 21-22] DËi: K, mgvavb:
K. evo‡Z cv‡i
L. K‡g †h‡Z cv‡i GDP cÖe„w×i nvi
M. GKB iKg _vK‡Z cv‡i
eZ©gv‡b eQ‡ii GDP
N. evo‡Z cv‡i, K‡g †h‡Z cv‡i, ev GKB iKg _vK‡Z cv‡i
DËi: N, mgvavb: ‡Kv‡bv †`‡ki †Kv‡bv c‡Yï Dcv`vb I cwi‡mevi cÖviw¤¢K eQ‡ii GDP wfwË eQ‡ii GDP
g~jë„w×i d‡j †h wRwWwci e„w× nq Zv‡K bvwgK wRwWwc/bvggvÎ GDP cÖe„w×i nvi wbY©‡qi Av‡iv A‡bK¸‡jv m~Î i‡q‡Q| Z‡e GB
wRwWwc/Nominal GDP e‡j| ZvB bvwgK wRwWwc e„w× †c‡jI m~ÎwU Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e mnR|
Drcv`b evo‡Z cv‡i, K‡g †h‡Z cv‡i ev GKB iKg _vK‡Z cv‡i 10. `ywU †`k, A I B Gi GDP Gi cwigvY GKB wKš‘ A Gi RbmsL¨v
| B Gi wØ¸Y| gv_vwcQz GDP Zzjbvi †ÿ‡Î A Gi gv_vwcQz GDP
6. GKRb e¨w³ Zvi evwoi D‡Vv‡bi GKwU MvQ †K‡U 5000 UvKvi n‡e B Gi Zzjbvq : [CU-D : 20-21]
wewµ Kij| †`‡ki GDP-‡Z Gi Kx cÖfve co‡e? [CU-D : 21- K. †ewk L. Kg
22] M. GKB N. Zzjbv Kiv m¤¢e bq
K. GDP evo‡e DËi: K
L. GDP ‡Kv‡bv cÖfve co‡e bv 11. GKwU A_©bxwZi Rb¨ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨? [CU-D : 20-21]
M. GDP Kg‡e K. GDP Gi cwigvY memgq GNI Gi †P‡q †ewk
N. GDP evo‡ZI cv‡i Avevi Kg‡Z cv‡i L. GDP Gi cwigvY memgq GNI Gi †P‡q Kg
DËi: K, mgvavb: GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q †Kv‡bv †`‡ki †f․‡MvwjK M. GDP Gi cwigvY GNI Gi †P‡q †ewkI n‡Z cv‡i Avevi
mxgvi g‡a¨ †`wk we‡`wk bvMwiK KZ…©K Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ I †mevi KgI n‡Z cv‡i
evRvi g~j¨‡K †gvU †`kR Drcv`b ev wRwWwc e‡j| MvQ wewµi N. GNI = GDP + (X-M)
5000 UvKv wRwWwc‡Z †hvM n‡q wRwWwci cwigvY e„w× Ki‡e| DËi: N, mgvavb: ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q mvaviYZ Avw_©K eQ‡i
7. Db¥y³ A_©bxwZ‡Z- [CU-D : 21-22] †Kv‡bv †`‡ki bvMwiKMY KZ…©K †h cwigvY P~ovšÍ `ªe¨ I †mev
258
Drcbœ nq Zvi evRvi g~‡jï mgwó‡K Gross National Income 1000 Ges wbU ißvwb 500| g~jab eënviRwbZ LiP KZ? [CU-
(GNI) ev †gvU RvZxq Avq e‡j| m~ÎvKv‡i ejv hvq, D:20-21]
GNI = GDP + (X-M) K. 100 L. 5000 M. 0 N. 1900
GLv‡b, GDP = ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b DËi: K, mgvavb:
X= ißvwb Avq Avgiv Rvwb,
M= Avg`vwb e¨q
12. GKwU A_©bxwZ‡Z `ª‡eï ¸Yv¸Y Qvov Avi †Kv‡bv wKQzB mg‡qi mv‡_ 
cwieZ©b nqwb| †`kwUi GDP ‡Z Kx cwieZ©b Avkv Kiv hvq?  5000-4900
[CU-D : 20-21] 100
K. GDP Gi cwigvY e„w× cv‡e GLv‡b,
L. GDP Gi cwigvY n«vm cv‡e
M. GDP Gi cwigvY GKB _vK‡e
‡fv‡Mi e¨q (C) = 3000
N. ejv m¤¢e bq
DËi: M wewb‡qvM e¨q
13. hy³iv‡óª Kg©iZ GKRb evsjv‡`wk bvMwi‡Ki Avq AšÍfz©³ n‡e- miKvwi e¨q (G) = 1000
[CU-D : 20-21] wbU ißvwb
K. evsjv‡`‡k GDP ‡Z L. evsjv‡`‡ki GNI ‡Z wbU †`kR Drcv`b
M. hy³iv‡óªi GNI ‡Z N. Dc‡ii †Kv‡bvwUB bq AePq e¨q (DC) = ?
DËi: L, mgvavb: ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q mvaviYZ GK eQ‡i †`‡ki 19. ‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b †_‡K wb‡Pi †Kvb Dcv`vbwU ev` w`‡q wbU
bvMwiKMY †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i I †`‡ki g~‡jï mgwó‡K GNI e‡j| RvZxq Drcv`b cvIqv hvq? [CU-D : 20-21]
A_©vr GNI ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b I •e‡`wkK Drm †_‡K cÖvß K. AePq L. n¯ÍvšÍi e¨q
Avq‡K AšÍfz©³ K‡i| GRb¨ hy³iv‡óª Kg©iZ GKRb evsjv‡`wki M. wewb‡qvM N. DcKiY LiP
Avq GNI-‡Z AšÍfz©³ n‡e| DËi: K, mgvavb: ‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b (GNP) ‡_‡K g~jab
14. wb‡Pi †KvbwU GDP ‡Z AšÍfz©³ n‡e bv? [CU-D:20-21] mvgMÖxi eënviRwbZ e¨q ev AePq e¨q ev` w`‡j hv Aewkó _v‡K
K. cvDiæwU evbv‡bvi Rb¨ †eKvwii AvUv µq Zv‡K wbU RvZxq Drcv`b (NNP) e‡j| NNP cwigv‡ci m~Î
L. GKRb e¨w³i wbKU cy‡iv‡bv Mvwo weµq n‡jv: NNP=GNP-DC (Depreciation Cost)
M. GKRb wfÿz‡Ki 100 UvKv cÖvwß 20. Avw_©K GDP ‡_‡K cÖK…Z GDP cvIqv Rb¨ Avgiv- [CU-D :
N. Dc‡ii me¸‡jv 20-21]
DËi: M K. Avw_©K GDP ‡_‡K gy`ªvùxwZ we‡qvM Kwi
15. wb‡Pi †Kvb e³e¨wU mwVK bq? [CU-D:20-21] L. Avw_©K GDP †_‡K `vg¯Íi w`‡q fvM †`B
K. `vg¯Íi evo‡j Avw_©K GDP e„w× cvq M. Avw_©K GDP †_‡K `vg¯Íi we‡qvM Kwi
L. Drcv`b evo‡j Avw_©K GDP e„w× cvq N. Avw_©K GDP ‡K g~j¨ùxwZ w`‡q †`B
M. `vg¯Íi evo‡j cÖK…Z GDP e„w× cvq DËi: M, mgvavb: bwgbvj wRwWwc wnmve Kivi †ÿ‡Î eZ©gvb
N. Drcv`b evo‡j cÖK…Z GDP e„w× cvq evRvig~‡j¨ Drcvw`Z c‡Yï g~j¨ wnmve Kiv n‡q _v‡K| G †ÿ‡Î c‡Yï
DËi: M, g~‡j¨ gy`ªvùxwZ hy³ _v‡K| Ab¨ w`‡K, cÖK…Z wRwWwc wnmve Kivi †ÿ‡Î
16. wb¤œ ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡ki AšÍfz©³ nIqvi Rb¨ GKwU †`‡ki me©wb¤œ eZ©gvb evRvi g~j¨ n‡Z gy`ªvùxwZ ev` †`qv nq| cÖK…Z wRwWwcB GKwU
gv_vwcQz evwl©K Avq n‡Z n‡e- [CU-D : 20-21] †`‡ki Avmj Drcv`bkxjZvi wPÎ Zz‡j ai‡Z mÿg|
K. 1036 Wjvi L. 1136 Wjvi 21. evsjv‡`‡ki GDP 2019 m‡bi 300 wewjqb Wjvi †_‡K 2020
M. 1236 Wjvi N.1336 Wjvi m‡b 320 wewjqb Wjv‡i DbœxZ n‡j, GB mg‡q cÖe„w×i nvi n‡jv-
DËi: K, mgvavb: wek¦e¨vs‡Ki wnmve Abyhvqx gv_vwcQz Av‡qi [CU-D : 20-21]
wfwË‡Z wewfbœ †`‡ki ‡kÖwY wefvRb : K. 6.67% L. 5.67% M. 4.57% N. 3.20%
MÖæc me©‡kl RyjvB 2021 RyjvB 2020 Abyhvqx DËi: K,
Abyhvqx (gvwK©b Wjvi) (gvwK©b Wjvi) 22. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †gvU †`kR Drcv`‡b AšÍfz©³? [CU-D:19-20]
wb¤œ Av‡qi †`k 0-1,045 0-1,035 K. gaëZx© `ªe¨ I †mevmg~n L. DcKiYmg~n
wb¤œ ga¨g Avq 1,046-4,095 1,0.5-4,045 M. eëüZ `ªe¨mg~n N. bZzb feb wbg©vY
D”P ga¨g Avq 4,096-12,695 4,046-12,535 DËi: M, mgvavb: ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b ej‡Z GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q
D”P Avq 12,695 †_‡K AwaK 12,535 †_‡K AwaK †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i Drcvw`Z †gvU `ªe¨ I †mevi Avw_©K g~j¨‡K
17. wek¦e¨vs‡Ki †kÖwYwefvM Abyhvqx evsjv‡`k n‡”Q-[CU-D:20-21] †evSvq, †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i we‡`kx‡ì AvqI G‡ÿ‡Î †gvU †`kR
K. GKwU ¯^‡ívbœZ †`k L. GKwU wb¤œ-Av‡qi †`k Drcv`‡bi AšÍfz©³ n‡e|
M. GKwU D”P ga¨-Av‡qi †`k N. GKwU wb¤œ ga¨-Av‡qi †`k 23. KvZv‡i Kg©iZ GKRb evsjv‡`wki Avq AšÍfz©³ n‡e- [CU-D :
DËi: N, mgvavb: evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb gv_vwcQz Avq 2824 gv. W| 19-20]
Iqvì© e¨vs‡Ki Av‡qi †kÖwYwefvM Abymv‡i evsjv‡`k wb¤œ ga¨g K. evsjv‡`‡ki GDP ‡Z L. evsjv‡`‡ki GNI ‡Z
Av‡qi †`k| wek¦ e¨vs‡Ki wnmve Abyhvqx wb¤œ-ga¨g †`k¸‡jvi M. evsjv‡`‡ki GDP I GNI DfqB N. KvZv‡ii GNI ‡Z
gv_vwcQz Av‡qi cwigvY- 1046-4095 gv.W| DËi: L, mgvavb: Gross National Income ej‡Z †`kxq
18. GKwU A_©bxwZ‡Z NDP (Net Domestic Product) Gi bvMwi‡ì Øviv Drcvw`Z cY¨ I †mevi Avw_©K g~j¨ nq| †mUv
cwigvY 4900, †fvM e¨q 3000, wewb‡qvM e¨q 500, miKvwi

259
†`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i ev evB‡i| GRb¨ KvZv‡i Kg©iZ GKRb DËi: L, mgvavb: ‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b (GNP) ‡_‡K g~jab
evsjv‡`kxi Avq AšÍfz©³ n‡e GNI ‡Z| mvgMÖxi eënvi RwbZ e¨q ev AePq e¨q ev` w`‡j hv Aewkó _v‡K
24. GKwU A_©bxw‡Z‡Z- [CU-D : 19-20] Zv‡K wbU RvZxq Drcv`b (NNP) e‡j|
K. GDP memgq GNI Gi †P‡q e‡ov
L. GNI memgq GDP Gi †P‡q e‡ov 32. cÖK…Z wR.wW.wc e„w× cvq hw`- [CU-C2 : 16-17]
M. GNI memgq NNI Gi †P‡q e‡ov K. Avw_©K wR.wW.wc ev‡o L. `vg ¯Íi ev‡o
N. GNI memgq NNI Gi †P‡q Kg M. `ªe¨ I †mevi Drcv`b ev‡o N. A Ges B
DËi: M, mgvavb: GNI Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡”Q-Gross National DËi: M, mgvavb: ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q mvaviYZ GK eQ‡i GKwU
Income A_©vr †`kxq bvMwiK‡ì Øviv DcvwR©Z mgMÖ Avq‡K †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i P~ovšÍ ch©v‡q Drcvw`Z mKj `ªe¨mvgwMÖ I
†evSvq| Avi NNI n‡”Q Net National Income A_©vr GNI †mevK‡g©i Avw_©Kg~j¨‡K †gvU †`kR Drcv`b e‡j|
‡_‡K AePqRwbZ LiP ev` w`‡j NNI nq| 33. C=9,000; S= 3,000; I=2,000 Ges G=3,000| myZivs,
25. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †gvU †`kR Drcv‡`b AšÍfz©³ bq? [CU-D:19-20] RvZxq Avq n‡e- [CU-C2 : 16-17]
K. †`‡k Drcvw`Z P~ovšÍ `ªe¨ I †mevmg~n K. 11,000 L. 12,000 M. 14,000
L. bZzb feb wbg©vY N. 15,000 O. 17,000
M. gRy` cwieZ©b DËi: K, mgvavb: ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q GKwU †`‡k mKj e¨w³, `j
N. eëüZ `ªe¨mg~n ev †Mvwô mw¤§wjZ DcvwR©Z Av‡qi mgwó‡K RvZxq Avq e‡j| Z‡e
DËi: L, mgvavb: ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b ej‡Z GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q P~ovšÍ wnmv‡e miKvwi fZz©wKeve` cÖ‡`q A_© ev` w`‡q wnmve Kiv nq|
mvaviY GK eQ‡i GKwU †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i Drcvw`Z cY¨ I †mevi GLv‡b, RvZxq Avq =
Avw_©K g~j¨‡K †gvU †`kR Drcv`b e‡j| †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i we‡`wkiv
†h cY¨ I †mev Drcv`b K‡i ZvI G‡Z AšÍfz©³ nq|
26. wb‡Pi †KvbwU GDP Gi Dcv`vb? [CU-D : 18-19] 34. ‡KvbwU RvZxq Avq wbY©‡q AšÍfz©³ nq bv? [CU-C2 : 16-17]
K. †fvMë¨q L. ißvwb K. wewb‡qvM L. ißvwb
M. miKvwi e¨q N. Dc‡ii me¸‡jv M. miKvwi e¨q N. n¯ÍvšÍi cvIbv
DËi: N, mgvavb: GDP=C+I+G+Xn A_©vr †fvM e¨q, wewb‡qvM O. B Ges C
e¨q, miKvwi e¨q Ges wbU ißvwb| DËi: N mgvavb: RvZxq Avq wbY©‡q †gvU LvRbv, †gvU gRywi, †gvU
27. ‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b †_‡K wb‡Pi †Kvb Dcv`vbwU ev` w`‡j wbU my`, †gvU gybvdv †hvM Kiv nq| Z‡e miKvi KZ©„K cÖ‡`q fZz©wK ev`
RvZxq Drcv`b cvIqv hvq? [CU-D : 18-19] †Ìqv nq|
K. n¯ÍvšÍi e¨q L. AePq M. wewb‡qvM N. Ki ivR¯^ 35. Ges Depreciation
DËi: L, mgvavb: NNP = GNP-DC, GLv‡b DC = AePq e¨q = 2,000 AZGe, GNP = ? [CU-C2 : 16-17]
28. ‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b‡K wb‡Pi †Kvb Dcv`vbwU w`‡q fvM Ki‡j K. 3000 L. 8,000 M. 9,000
cÖK…Z RvZxq Drcv`b cvIqv hvq? [CU-D : 18-19] N. 12,000 O. 5,000
K. †eKviZ¡ L. `vg¯Íi
DËi:mgvavb: NNP+Depreciation=7000+2000=9000|
M. gy`ªv mieivn N. miKvix e¨q
36. hy³iv‡óª Ae¯’vbiZ GKRb evsjv‡`wk‡ì Avq AšÍfz©³ n‡e- [CU-
DËi: L, mgvavb: ‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b (GNP)/ ‡gvU RvZxq Avq C2 : 16-17]
(GNI) n‡jv †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q (mvaviYZ GK eQi) K. evsjv‡`‡ki GNP ‡Z L. hy³iv‡óªi GDP ‡Z
†`‡ki Af¨šÍixY Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ I †mevi evRvi g~j¨ we‡`‡k Kg©iZ M. evsjv‡`‡ki GDP ‡Z N. hy³iv‡óªi GNP ‡Z
cÖevwm‡ì Av‡qi mgwó n‡Z †`‡k Kg©iZ we‡`wk‡ì Avq ev` O. K Ges L
‡Ìqvi ci Aewkó Avw_©K g~j¨|
DËi: O, mgvavb: cÖevmx Avq wbR †`‡ki GNP ‡Z AšÍfz©³ nq
29. GKwU †`‡ki Avw_©K RvZxq Avq evo‡e hw`- [CU-D : 17-18]
wKš‧ GDP ‡Z nq bv| Z‡e †h †`‡k Kg©iZ _v‡K ‡mB †`‡k
K. `ªe¨ I †mevi Drcv`b e„w× cvq L. `ªe¨ I †mevi `vg e„w× cvq
GDP ‡Z Aš©Ífz³ nq|
M. A I B DfqB N. †Kv‡bvwUB bq
37. RvZxq Avq MYbvq wb‡Pi †KvbwU AšÍfz©³ nq bv- [CU-C2 : 16-17]
DËi: K mgvavb: ‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b (GNP)/ ‡gvU RvZxq Avq
K. cyivZb Mvwo weµq L. bZzb Mvwo weµq
(GNI) n‡jv †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q (mvaviYZ GK eQi)
M. †eKvwii Kv‡Q AvUv weµq N. A I C
†`‡ki Af¨šÍixY Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ I †mevi evRvi g~j¨ we‡`‡k Kg©iZ
O. B I C
cÖevwm‡ì Av‡qi mgwó n‡Z †`‡k Kg©iZ we‡`wk‡ì Avq ev`
DËi: N, mgvavb: RvZxq Avq aviYvi g‡a¨ Drcv`‡b wb‡qvwRZ
‡Ìqvi ci Aewkó Avw_©K g~j¨|
mKj DcKi‡Yi Avq (gRywi, LvRbv, my`, gybvdv), c‡ivÿ eëmvq
30. a‡i bvI, evsjv‡`‡ki Kgjv Pvwliv 10 †KvwU UvKvi Kgjv Drcv`b
Ki Ges g~ja‡bi AePq e¨q meB AšÍfz©³ _v‡K|
K‡i‡Q| A‡a©K Kgjv Zviv †fv³v‡ì Kv‡Q wewµ K‡i‡Q Ges evwK
A‡a©K w`‡q Kgjvi im •Zwi K‡i †fv³v‡ì wbKU 8 ‡KvwU UvKvi 38. cÖK…Z RvZxq Avq- [CU-C2 : 16-17]
wewµ K‡i‡Q| GDP ‡Z Kgjv Pvwl‡ì Ae`vb KZ? [CU-D : K. Avw_©K RvZxq Avq `vg ¯Íi
17-18] L. Avw_©K RvZxq Avq g~j¨ùxwZ
K. 10 †KvwU UvKv L. 13 †KvwU UvKv M. Avw_©K RvZxq Avq †eKviZ¡
M. 18 †KvwU UvKv N. 19 ‡KvwU UvKv N. Avw_©K RvZxq Avq `vg ¯Íi
DËi: L, mgvavb: 5 †KvwU + 8 †KvwU UvKv = 13 †KvwU UvKv|
O. Avw_©K RvZxq Avq gyj¨ùxwZ
31. GNP=500, CCA=120, NNP=? [CU-D : 17-18]
DËi: M, mgvavb: RvZxq Avq‡K mvgwMÖK AvqI ejv nq|
K. 120 L. 380 M. 500 N. 62
39. c~e©eZx© eQ‡ii Zzjbvq eZ©gvb eQ‡ii GDP cÖe„w× n‡e (0=c~e©eZx©
Ges 1=eZ©gvb) [CU-C2 : 16-17]
260
GDP(1)  GDP(0)
K.  100 Kzwgjøv wek¦we`¨vjq
GDP(0)
1| ¯^q¤¢yZ †fvM ej‡Z wK †evSvq? [CoU: 2019-20]
GDP(1)  GDP(0) K) Avq e„w×i †P‡q †fvM †ewk e„w×
L.  100
GDP(1) L) Avq k~b¨ n‡j †fvM e¨q k~b¨
GDP(0)  GDP(1) M) Avq e„w×i †P‡q †fvM Kg nv‡i e„w×
M. N) Avq k~b¨ n‡jI wKQz cwigvY †fvM _vK‡e
100 DËi: N
N. [GDP(0)  GDP(1)]  GDP(0) e¨vL¨v: †fvM e¨q: †fvM e¨q ej‡Z eënv‡ii gva¨‡g ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï
O. [GDP(1)  GDP(0)  100 Dc‡hvM wbt‡kl Kiv‡K †evSvq| Giƒc †fvM‡K `yÕfv‡M wef³ Kiv
DËi: K, mgvavb: hvq|
40. evsjv‡`‡k Kg©iZ GKRb fviZxq bvMwi‡Ki Avq AšÍfz©³ n‡e- i) ¯^q¤¢yZ †fvM (Autonomous Cosnumption): ¯^q¤¢yZ †fvM
[CU-C2 : 15-16] n‡jv, gvby‡li Avq k~b¨ Ae¯vq †h cwigvY †fvM nq Zvi cwigvY|
K. evsjv‡`‡ki GNP-‡Z L. fvi‡Zi GNP-‡Z A_©vr Avq k~b¨ n‡jI wKQz cwigvY †fvM eRvq _vK‡e|
M. evsjv‡`‡ki GDP-‡Z N. fvi‡Zi GDP-‡Z ii) cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM (Induced Consumtion) Av‡qi cwigvY
O. B I C Øviv †h †fvM cÖfvweZ nq, Zv‡K cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM e‡j| A_©vr,
DËi: O, mgvavb: cÖevmx‡ì Avq wbR †`‡ki GDP ‡Z AšÍfz©³ nq Av‡qi n«vm-e„w×i d‡j †fvMI n«vm-e„w× n‡e|
bv Z‡e GNP ‡Z nq| cÖÿvšÍ‡i, H Avq H †`‡ki GDP ‡Z 02| we‡`‡k Kg©iZ †`kxq bvMwiK‡ì Avq wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z AšÍf©y³ nq?
AšÍ©fz³ nq| [CoU: 2018-19 Abyiƒc-MBSTU: 19-20]
41. GDP=10,000 GNP=12,000 Ges NNP=9,000 n‡j AePq K) CCA L) GDP M) GNP N) NDP
KZ? [CU-C2 : 15-16] DËi: M
K. 1000 L. 2000 M. 3000 N. 13,000 O. 4200 e¨vL¨v: ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz Z_¨-
DËi: M, mgvavb: *GDP Gi c~Y©iƒc-Gross Domestic Product| †`‡k Kg©iZ
42. C=5,000 I=2,000 T=1,000 Ges G=1,200 n‡j RvZxq we‡`wk‡ì Avq GDP MYbvq AšÍf©y³ nq|
Avq n‡e- [CU-C2 : 15-16] * GNP Gi c~Y©bvg- Gross National Product| we‡`‡k
K. 7,000 L. 8,000 M. 8,200 N. 9,200 O. 4,200 Kg©iZ †`kxq bvMwiK‡ì Avq GNP †Z AšÍf©y³ nq| cÖevmx‡ì
DËi: M, mgvavb: Avq GNP I GNI ‡Z AšÍf©y³ nq|
43. ‡gvU Af¨šÍixY Drcv`b (GDP) Ges †bU Af¨šÍixY Drcv`b * cÖevmx‡ì †cÖwiZ A_©‡K-‡iwg‡UÝ e‡j|
(NDP) Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© n‡jv- [CU-C2 : 15-16] *evsjv‡`‡ki •e‡`wkK gy`ªv Avni‡Yi eo Drm-‡iwg‡UÝ|
K. GDP=NDP+c‡ivÿ eëmv Kiv 03| ‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b njÑ [CoU: 2015-16]
L. GDP=NDP-AePq K) ‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi Avq I AwR©Z •e‡`wkK gy`ªv
M. NDP=GDP-AePq L) †Kvb †`‡ki wbw`©ó mg‡q P‚ovšÍ Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ I †mevi Avw_©K g~j¨
N. NDP=GDP+AePq M) GKwU †`‡ki mg¯Í abm¤ú` I f‚-LÐ
O. GDP=NDP+ cÖZ¨ÿ Ki| N) GKwU †`‡ki K…wl I wkíRvZ `ª‡eï g~j¨
DËi: M, mgvavb: NDP ‡_‡K GDP Ges ÿqÿwZRwbZ e¨q ev` DËi: L
w`‡j NDP cvIqv hvq| e¨vL¨v: †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b (GNP): †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q,
44. wek¦e¨vs‡Ki wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx GKwU †`k‡K wb¤œga¨g Av‡qi †`k mvaviYZ GK eQ‡i †Kv‡bv †`‡ki RbMY †gvU †h cwigvY P‚ovšÍ
ejv hvq hw` Zvi gv_vwcQz RvZxq Av‡qi cwigvY eQ‡i nq- [CU- `ªe¨ ev †mev Drcv`b K‡i Zvi A_©g~j¨‡K †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b ev
C2 : 15-16] GNP e‡j|
K. 1,046 †_‡K 4,125 BD. Gm. Wjvi
kvnRvjvj weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq
L. 1,190 †_‡K 4,130 BD.Gm. Wjvi
M. 990 †_‡K 4,200 BD. Gm. Wjvi 01| GKwU †`‡k GK Avw_©K eQ‡i †fvM e¨q (C)=230 UvKv, bxU
N. 1,200 †_‡K 4,500 BD.Gm. Wjvi †`kR Drcv`b (NDP)=500 UvKv, AePq RwbZ LiP (DC)=
O. 1,070 †_‡K 4,000 BD.Gm. Wjvi 20 UvKv, †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i we‡`kx‡ì Avq 40 UvKv I we‡`‡k
DËi: K, mgvavb: Avi wb¤œ Av‡qi †`k 1045 Wjvi ch©šÍ| ‡`kxq‡ì Avq 60 UvKv n‡j H A_© eQ‡i H †`‡ki GNP KZ
45. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mZ¨? [CU-C2 : 15-16] UvKv? [SUST: 2018-19]
K. GDP Gi cwigvY memgq GNP Gi †P‡q ‡ewk nq K) 590 L) 540 M) 490
L. GDP Gi cwigvY memgq GNP Gi †P‡q Kg nq N) 630 O) 670
M. GDP Gi cwigvY GNP Gi †P‡q ‡ewkI n‡Z cv‡i Avevi DËi: L
KgI nv‡Z cv‡i e¨vL¨v: GNP = (230+500+60)-(20+40)
N. GDP Gi mv‡_ GNP Gi †Kv‡bv m¤úK© †bB =790-60=730
O. GDP I GNP Gi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ †bB 02| ‡Kvb Dcv`vbwU Ô‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b (GDP) MYbvq AšÍf©y³ nq
DËi: L, mgvavb: GKwU †`‡ki me bvMwiK‡ì †gvU †fvM e¨q, bv? [SUST: 2010-11]
†gvU wewb‡qvM e¨q, †gvU miKvwi e¨q Ges wbU ißvwb Av‡q mgwó‡K K) kÖwg‡Ki gRywi cwi‡kva
‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b GNP| L) K…l‡Ki fvov cwi‡kva
GNP = GDP + (x-m) M) eëüZ Kw¤úDUvi eÜzi Kv‡Q weµq
=C+I+G+(x-M)
261
N) dv‡g©i jf¨vsk e›Ub Net National Income-NNI
DËi: M 08| RvZxq Avq †KvbwU? [MBSTU: 2015-16]
e¨vL¨v: †gvU †`kR Drcv`b ej‡Z †evSvq †Kv‡bv GKwU †`‡ki K) `ªe¨ I †mev mvgMÖxi weµqjä A_©
mvaviYZ GK eQ‡i H †`‡ki RbMY I we‡`wk RbMY H †`‡ki L) Drcvw`Z c‡Yï cwigvY
Af¨šÍ‡i †gvU hZ `ªe¨ I †mev Drcv`b K‡i Zvi †gvU g~j¨ †K M) Drcvw`Z `ªe¨ I †mev mvgMÖxi Avw_©K g~j¨
†gvU †`kR Drcv`b e‡j| GLv‡b bZzb `ªe¨ Drcbœ n‡”Q| Z‡e N) ißvwb `ª‡eï AwR©Z A_©
eÜzi eëüZ Kw¤úDUvi µq Kivi d‡j bZzb `ªe¨ Drcbœ nq bv| DËi: M

gvIjvbv fvmvbx weÁvb I cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq h‡kvi weÁvb cÖhyw³ wek¦we`¨vjq

01| we‡`‡k Kg©iZ †`kxq bvMwiK‡ì Avq †KvbwU‡Z AšÍf©y³ nq? 01| GNI †_‡K Kx ev` w`‡j NNI cvIqv hvq? [JUST 2018-19]
[MBSTU: 2019-20] K) AcPqRwbZ e¨q L) eëmvq ÿwZ
K) GNP L) GDP M) CCA N) NDP M) wbU Drcv`b e¨q N) gaëZx© `ªe¨
DËi: K DËi: K
02| e¯‘i ga¨w¯’Z Dc‡hvM aŸsm Kiv‡K e‡j? [MBSTU: 2019-20] e¨vL¨v: GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q †`‡ki Dcv`v‡bi DcKiY eënvi K‡i
K) mÂq L) †fvM M) wewb‡qvM N) wb‡qvM ‡h †gvU cwigvY `ªe¨ ev †mev m„wó nq Zvi g~j¨‡K GNI e‡j|
DËi: L GNI Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv-Gross National Income
03| gy³ (Open) A_©bxwZi GDP (Gross Domestic Product) NNI Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv- Net National Income
n‡jv- [MBSTU: 2019-20] GNI Gi NNI ev` w`‡j AcPq RwbZ e¨q cvIqv hvq|
K) C+1+G+XN L) C+I+Z M) Y+C+I N) I+Y+G
DËi: K Ávbg~jK cÖkœ
1. mvgwMÖK Avq Kv‡K e‡j?
04| m‡ev©Ëg weKí `ªe¨wU Z¨v‡Mi e¨q n‡”QÑ[MBSTU: 2018-19]
2. wRwWwc Kx?
K) cÖvwšÍK e¨q L) †gvU e¨q M) my‡hvM e¨q N) Mo e¨q
DËi: M 3. RvZxq Avq (GNI) Kv‡K e‡j?
05| cÖe„w× n‡jv evrmwiK- [MBSTU: 2018-19] 4. NNP-Gi c~Y©iƒc †jL|
K) Drcv`b e„w×i nvi L) Avw_©K e¨q e„w×i nvi 5. NNI-Gi msÁv `vI|
M) gy`ªv mieivn e„w×i nvi N) g~j¨¯Íi e„w×i nvi 6. ‡gvU RvZxq Avq Kx?
DËi: N 7. wbU RvZxq Avq Kx?
e¨vL¨v: GK eQ‡i GKwU †`‡ki †`kR Drcv`b e„w×i kZKiv 8. ‣ØZ MYbvi mgm¨v Kx?
9. ‡fvM ej‡Z Kx †evS?
nvi‡K GDP cÖe„w× e‡j| A_©vr cÖe„w× n‡jv evrmwiK Drcv`b
10. mÂq Kx?
e„w×i nvi| 11. mÂq A‡cÿK Kv‡K e‡j?
06| ‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b-ÿqRwbZ e¨q= ?[MBSTU: 2015-16] 12. A_©bxwZ‡Z wewb‡qvM ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
K) NNI L) NNP M) GDP N) GNP 13. mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v †iLv Kx?
DËi: K 14. mvgwMÖK †hvMvb †iLv Kv‡K e‡j?
Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ
e¨vL¨v: ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz Z_¨:
1. e¨w³i †fvM Zvi Avq bq, eis e¨q‡hvM¨ Av‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i †Kb?
GNI = †fvM e¨q (C) + wewb‡qvM e¨q (I) + miKvwi e¨q (G) 2. cÖevmx‡ì Avq GDP ‡Z AšÍfz©³ nq bv †Kb?
GDP = C+lg+G+Xn 3. cÖevmx‡ì Avq RvZxq Av‡qi †Kvb aviYvq AšÍfz©³ nq?
NDP=C+I+G-CCA 4. GDP wbY©‡qi mgq †Kvb †Kvb welq we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq?
NNI= †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b - ÿqRwbZ e¨q| 5. ‡Kvb Ae¯vq GDP = GNP e¨vL¨v Ki|
07| GNI Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? [MBSTU: 2017-18] 6. wewb‡qvM evo‡j GNP ev‡o †Kb?
7. ÔmÂq wewb‡qv‡Mi wfwËÕ- e¨vL¨v Ki|
K) Grosss Net Income L) Gross National Income
8. mÂ‡qi mv‡_ wewb‡qvM Kxfv‡e m¤úwK©Z?
M) Gross National Invest N) Gross New income 9. `yB LvZwewkó A_©bxwZ mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi Dcv`vb `y‡Uv †jL|
DËi: L
e¨vL¨v: m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
Consumer Price index-CPI 1. cÖwZwbqZ evsjv‡`‡ki kÖwgK we‡`‡k Kg©ms¯vb jvf Ki‡Q| Avevi
Gross Domestic Product-GDP evsjv‡`k we‡`k †_‡K wewfbœ cY¨mvgMÖx Avg`vwb Ki‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K,
Gross National Income-GNI DcKiYmg~n wewfbœ †`‡ki PjvPj Ki‡Q| d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq
Gross National Product-GNP Avq evo‡Q|
Net National Produnct-NNP K. †gvU †`kR Drcv`b Kv‡K e‡j?
262
L. GNP wbY©‡qi mgq †Kvb †Kvb welq we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq? M. DcwiD³ †`‡ki †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b (GNP) Ges †gvU
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K GNP I GDP-Gi Kxfv‡e cv_©K¨ wbY©q Ki‡e? Af¨šÍixY Drcv`b (GDP) †ei Ki|
N. KLb GNP, GDP-Gi Zzjbvq mgvb, †ewk ev Kg nq? N. (X-M)= 0 n‡j DcwiD³ †`‡ki GGP Ges GNP Gi g‡a¨
2. ‘X’ ‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi †fvM e¨q 900 ‡KvwU UvKv| †gvU wewb‡hvM e¨q †Kvb ai‡bi cwieZ©b Avm‡e-e¨vL¨v Ki|
I miKvwi e¨q h_vµ‡g 200 Ges 300 †KvwU UvKv| g~ja‡bi 7. ¯^íKvjxb †©fvM mgxKiY C = 100 + 0.67Y Ges 200,G =
ÿqÿwZRwbZ e¨q 300 †KvwU UvKv| 250, ‡mLv‡b C = †fvM, I = wewb‡qvM Ges G = miKvwi e¨q|
K. †gvU †`kR Drcv`b Kx? K. ¯^qs¤¢~Z †fvM Kx?
L. cÖvwšÍK †fvM cÖeYZvi gvb k~‡bï †P‡q †ewk Avevi GK‡Ki †P‡q L. e¨w³i PjwZ Av‡qi m¤ú~Y©UvB wK e¨q‡hvM¨-e¨vL¨v Ki|
Kg nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki| M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jvK RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki|
M. ‘X’ ‡`‡ki GNI wbY©q Ki| N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †fvM †iLv A¼b K‡i wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY
N. ‘X’ ‡`‡ki NNI wK GNI A‡cÿv †ewk n‡e? DÏxc‡Ki Ki|
Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 8. C = 50+ 0.75Y;I = 100
3. ‘Y’ bvgK GKwU †`‡ki wbU RvZxq Drcv`b 1000 †KvwU UvKv, e¨q ‡hLv‡b, C = ‡fvM e¨q; I= wewb‡qvM e¨q
150 ‡KvwU UvKv, ißvwb 400 †KvwU UvKv Ges Avg`vwb 200 †KvwU K. mvgwMÖK Avq Kv‡K e‡j?
UvKv| L. `yB LvZwewkó A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi Dcv`vb `y‡Uv †jL|
K. mvgwMÖK e¨q Kx? M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq (Y) wbY©q Ki|
L. e¨w³i Av‡qi cy‡ivUvB wK e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq? e¨vL¨v Ki| N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ wewb‡qvM wØ¸Y nIqvi †cÖwÿ‡Z wewb‡qvM
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ‘Y’ ‡`‡ki †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b Ges †gvU RvZxq Av‡qi m¤úK© wb‡`©k Ki|
Af¨šÍixY Drcv`b †ei Ki| 9. A I B h_vµ‡g gy³ A_©bxwZ I Ave× A_©bxwZi †`k| B †`‡ki
N. Avg`vwbi cwigvY hw` 400 †KvwU nq, Z‡e DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ Avg`vwb I ißvwbi cwigvY k~b¨| A †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Z_¨vewj
†`kwUi GNP Ges GDP Gi g‡a¨ Kx ai‡bi cwieZ©b NU‡e Zv wb¤œiæc:
we‡kølY Ki| ‡gvU †emiKvwi wewb‡qvM e¨q 500 ‡KvwU UvKv|
4. RvZxq Avq Y   r   w   i   ‡hLv‡b r = †gvU miKvwi †fvM e¨q
‡gvU miKvwi e¨q
600 ‡KvwU UvKv|
1,000 ‡KvwU UvKv|
LvRbv, w = i my`,  = gybvdv   ‡hvMdj| ‡gvU Avg`vwb e¨q 700 ‡KvwU UvKv|
K. •ØZ MYbv mgm¨v Kx? ‡gvU ißvwb Avq 900 ‡KvwU UvKv|
L. RvZxq Avq wnmv‡ei mgq †KejgvÎ ÕP~ovšÍ `ªe¨Õ AšÍfz©³ Kiv nq K. †gvU †`kR Drcv`b Kx?
†Kb? L. ¯^íKvjxb I `xN©Kvjxb †fvM A‡cÿ‡Ki g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Av‡Q wK?
M. DÏxcKwU RvZxq Avq cwigv‡ci †Kvb c×wZ wb‡`©k K‡i Ges e¨vL¨v Ki|
†Kb? M. A †`‡ki 2017 mv‡ji †gvU RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki|
N. RvZxq Avq cwigv‡ci G c×wZ Dbœqbkxj †`‡k Kvh©Ki wKbv Zv N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K A ‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi mv‡_ B ‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi
we‡kølY Ki| Zzjbv K‡i †KvbwU DËg? e¨vL¨v Ki|
5. 2015-16 A_© eQ‡i A ‡`‡k †fvM e¨q (C) 100 †KvwU UvKv, 10. B ‡`‡ki e¨w³MZ †fvM e¨q (C) wewb‡qvM e¨q (I) Ges miKvwi
wewb‡qvM e¨q (I) 60 †KvwU UvKv, miKvwi e¨q (G) 50 †KvwU UvKv, e¨q (G) wb¤œiƒc-
Avg`vwb e¨q (M) 40 †KvwU UvKv Ges ißvwb (X) 20 †KvwU UvKv| C= 100 + 0.5Y, I = 100 Ges G = 100
K. •ØZ MYbvi mgm¨v Kx? K. wRwWwc Kx?
L. cÖevmx‡ì Avq RvZxq Av‡qi †Kvb aviYvi AšÍfz©³ nq? L. ÒmÂq evo‡j wewb‡qvM ev‡oÓ-aviYvwU eywS‡q †jL|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨q c×wZ‡Z RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| M. mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v (AD) I †hvMv‡bi (AS) gva¨‡g ‘B’ fvimvg¨ RvZxq
N. hw` e× A_©bxwZ we‡ewPZ nq Zvn‡j wK RvZxq Avq GKB n‡e? Av‡qi cwigvY cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
e¨vL¨v Ki| N. miKvwi e¨q (G) e„w× †c‡q 200 n‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi
†ÿ‡Î Kx cwieZ©b n‡e?
6. GKwU †`‡ki RvZxq Avq m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc: 11. ‡Ìqv Av‡Q- C = 100 + 0.9y
wbU RvZxq Drcv`b (NNP) = 10,000 ‡KvwU UvKv ‡hLv‡b C = †fvM e¨q, Y = RvZxq Avq|
AePq e¨q (DC) =1,500 ‡KvwU UvKv K. wRwWwc Kx?
wbU ißvwb (X-M) = 2,000 ‡KvwU UvKv L. e¨w³ †fvM Avi Avq bq, eis e¨q‡hvM¨ Av‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i †Kb?
K. RvZxq Avq Kv‡K e‡j? M. DÏxc‡Ki †fvM Av‡cÿKwU wP‡Î Dc¯vcb Ki|
L. wewb‡qvM evo‡j GNP ev‡o †Kb? N. DÏxc‡K Avq¯Íi k~b¨ n‡j †fvM¯Íi KZ n‡e Ges †Kb?
263
12. wb‡¤œi †Uwe‡j mvgwMÖK Avq (Y), ‡gvU mÂq (S) I †gvU wewb‡qvM M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbav©i‡Yi cÖwµqvwU
(I) Gi Z_¨ †Ìqv n‡jv- e¨vL¨v Ki|
mvgwMÖK Avq (Y) ‡gvU mÂq (S) †gvU wewb‡qvM (I) N. wewb‡qvM e„w× †c‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi Kxiƒc cwieZ©b n‡e?
(‡KvwU UvKv) (‡KvwU UvKv) (‡KvwU UvKv) e¨vL¨v Ki|
300 80 130 14. ‡Ìqv Av‡Q, S = 50 + 0.5Y Ges I = 100
400 130 130 ‡hLv‡b S = mÂq, Y = RvZxq Avq, I = wewb‡qvM
600 230 130 K. mvgvwRK Avq Kv‡K e‡j?
K. mvgwMÖK e¨q Kx? L. GNP-i Zzjbvq NNP AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Kb?
L. cÖevmx‡ì Avq GDP-‡Z AšÍfy©³ nq bv †Kb? M. Dc‡ii mgxKiY eënvi K‡i fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki|
M. DÏxcK n‡Z mÂq †iLv A¼b Ki| N. wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY 200 UvKv n‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi Kx
N. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨vbyhvqx mÂq I wewb‡qvM we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g ai‡bi cwieZ©b n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbav©iY m¤ú‡K© h_vµ‡g gšÍe¨ Ki|
GB Aa¨v‡qi (CQ) wfwWI
13. K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|

K. GNI Kv‡K e‡j?

L. ÔmÂq wewb‡qv‡Mi wfwËÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki|

264
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-9 (Set-A)
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. GKwU †`‡ki RvZxq Avq m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc: 2. ‡Ìqv Av‡Q, S = 50 + 0.5Y Ges I = 100
wbU RvZxq Drcv`b (NNP) = 10,000 ‡KvwU UvKv ‡hLv‡b S = mÂq, Y = RvZxq Avq, I = wewb‡qvM
AePq e¨q (DC) =1,500 ‡KvwU UvKv K. mvgvwRK Avq Kv‡K e‡j? 1
wbU ißvwb (X-M) = 2,000 ‡KvwU UvKv L. GNP-Gi Zzjbvq NNP AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Kb? 2
K. RvZxq Avq Kv‡K e‡j? 1 M. Dc‡ii mgxKiY eënvi K‡i fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki| 3
L. wewb‡qvM evo‡j GNP ev‡o †Kb? 2 N. wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY 200 UvKv n‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi Kx
M. DcwiD³ †`‡ki †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b (GNP) Ges †gvU ai‡bi cwieZ©b n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
Af¨šÍixY Drcv`b (GDP) †ei Ki| 3
N. (X-M)= 0 n‡j DcwiD³ †`‡ki GDP Ges GNP Gi g‡a¨
†Kvb ai‡bi cwieZ©b Avm‡e-e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt
1| ‡gvU RvZxq Avq wnmv‡ei mgq wb‡Pi †KvbwU hy³ nq bv? 9| wb‡Pi †KvbwU Drcv`‡bi DcKiY bq?
K) `ªe¨ I †mevi evRvi g~j¨ L) we‡`‡k Kg©iZ †`kxq‡ì Avq K) f‚wg L) kÖg
M) †`‡k Kg©iZ we‡`wk‡ì Avq N) wbU ißvwb M) cvwb N) g~jab
2| Ò RvZxq Avq n‡jv GKwU †`‡ki we‡`k n‡Z cÖvß Avqmn mgv‡Ri  wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 10 I 11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
†gvU •ewk^K Av‡qi †m Ask hv A‡_©i gva¨‡g cwigvc Kiv hvq|Ó- 2016 m‡bi A I B ‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ Z_¨ wb‡¤œ
K_vwU †K e‡j‡Qb? †Ìqv n‡jvÑ
K) Aa¨vcK wjcwm L) Aa¨vcK wç ‡`k ‡fvM wewb‡qvM miKvwi wbU ißvwb RbmsL¨v
M) Aa¨vcK wiKv‡W©v N) Aa¨vcK gvk©vj ( C) ( I) e¨q (G) (X-M)
3| Y  C  1  G , GLv‡b Y Øviv Kx †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q? A 1000 500 300 200 5.5 †KvwU
K) RvZxq Avq L) RvZxq e¨q M) mÂq N) wewb‡qvM B 1200 700 300 -200 5 †KvwU
4| CCA Kx?
10| A I B ‡`‡ki GNP h_vµ‡gÑ
K) Capital Consumption Allowance K) 1800,1800 L) 2000,2000
L) Cost of Capital in Average
M) Cost of Capital Assumpted M) 2000, 1800 N) 1800, 2000
N) Current Cost of Administration 11| `ywU †`‡ki †ÿ‡Î Ñ
5| A ‡`‡ki GNP  500 Ges CCA  120 n‡j NNP KZ? i) A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v GKB iKg
K) 120 L) 380 M) 500 N) 620 ii) B ‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v A ‡`‡ki †P‡q fv‡jv
6| ‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i Drcvw`Z `ªe¨mvgMÖx I †mevK‡g©i mgwóB n‡jvÑ iii) B †`‡ki ißvwb Avg`vwbi †P‡q Kg
K) RvZxq Avq L) †gvU Avq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) ‡gvU Drcv`b N) †gvU †`kR Drcv`b K) i L) ii M) ii I iii N) i,ii I iii
7| ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`‡b AšÍf‚©³ nqÑ 12| ‡KvbwU mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask?
i) †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i †`kxq‡ì Avq K) e¨w³MZ e¨q L) miKvwi e¨q
ii) †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i we‡`wk‡ì Avq M) mvgwiK e¨q N) cvwievwiK e¨q
iii) we‡`‡k Ae¯vbiZ †`kxq‡ì Avq 13| ¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK †KvbwU?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) S  Y  C L) Y  C  1
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i,ii I iii M) C  bY N) C  a  bY
8| e¨q c×wZ‡Z RvZxq Avq Kx? 14| S  Y  C mgxKiYwU †Kvb ai‡bi A‡cÿK?
K) †fvM + mÂq + wewb‡qvM + wbU ißvwb K) †fvM L) wewb‡qvM
L) †fvM + wewb‡qvM + miKvwi e¨q + wbU ißvwb M) Avq N) mÂq
M) wewb‡qvM + gybvdv + miKvwi e¨q + wbU ißvwb 15| wK‡mi Øviv miKvwi gy`ªveë¯v cwiPvwjZ I wbqwš¿Z nq?
N) gybvdv + miKvwi e¨q + †fvM + wbU ißvwb K) Avq L) gybvdv M) mÂq N) e¨q

265
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-9 (Set-B)
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. C = 50+ 0.75Y;I = 100 (‡KvwU UvKv) (‡KvwU UvKv) (‡KvwU UvKv)
‡hLv‡b, C = ‡fvM e¨q; I= wewb‡qvM e¨q 300 80 130
K. mvgwMÖK Avq Kv‡K e‡j? 1 400 130 130
L. `yB LvZwewkó A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨‡qi Dcv`vb `y‡Uv †jL| 2 600 230 130
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq (Y) wbY©q Ki| 3 K. mvgwMÖK e¨q Kx? 1
N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ wewb‡qvM wØ¸Y nIqvi †cÖwÿZ wewb‡qvM RvZxq Av‡qi L. cÖevmx‡ì Avq GDP-‡Z AšÍfy©³ nq bv †Kb? 2
m¤úK© wb‡`©k Ki| 4 M. DÏxcK n‡Z mÂq †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
2. wb‡¤œi †Uwe‡j mvgwMÖK Avq (Y), ‡gvU mÂq (S) I †gvU wewb‡qvM N. DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨vbyhvqx mÂq I wewb‡qvM we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g
(I) Gi Z_¨ †Ìqv n‡jv- fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbav©iY m¤ú‡K© h_vµ‡g gšÍe¨ Ki| 4
mvgwMÖK Avq (Y) ‡gvU mÂq (S) †gvU wewb‡qvM (I)
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt
1| GDP Øviv wb‡¤œi †KvbwU †evSvq? 7| wg. w¯§‡_i DcvwR©Z A_© G‡`‡ki †Kvb wnmv‡ei mv‡_ hy³ n‡e?
K) †gvU †`kR Avq L) †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b K) †gvU RvZxq Drcv`‡b L) wbU RvZxq Drcv`‡b
M) wbU RvZxq Drcv`b N) †gvU †`kR Drcv`b M) †gvU †`kR Drcv`‡b N) wbU †`kR Drcv`‡b
2| wewb‡qv‡Mi g~j D‡Ï‡k¨ Kx? 8| wg. Rvgv‡ji Avq hy³ n‡e evsjv‡`‡kiÑ
K) cY¨ Drcv`b L) gybvdv jvf i) †gvU ‡`kR Drcv`‡b
M) AwaK `v‡g weµq N) cY¨ I †mev eÈb ii) †gvU RvZxq Drcv`‡b
3| NNP -Gi c~Y©iæc ‡KvbwU? iii) †gvU RvZxq Avq
K) New National Pr oduct wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
L) Net National Pr oduct K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i,ii I iii
9| RvZxq Avq MYbvi c×wZg~jK KqwU?
M) Nominal National Product
K) 3wU L) 5wU
N) Natural National Pr oduct M) 2wU N) 4wU
4| ‡KvbwU P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨? 10| n¯ÍvšÍi cvIbv RvZxq Av‡q Kx Kiv nq?
K) Mg L) AvUv K) mshy³ Kiv nq L) ev` w`‡Z nq
M) iæwU N) Pvj M) †Kv‡bv m¤úK© †bB N) Avq wnmv‡e †hvM nq
5| e¨w³MZ Avq Ñ cÖZ¨ÿ Avq =? 11| Ave× A_©bxwZ‡Z †KvbwU Abycw¯Z?
K) e¨w³MZ e¨q L) e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq K) C L) X
M) AewÈZ Avq N) •e‡`wkK Avq
M) I N) G
6| wb‡Pi †h wRwbm¸‡jv‡K ÿqÿwZi AePq ejv hvqÑ
12| ‡Kvb †fvMe¨q Avq †_‡K ¯^vaxb?
i) hš¿cvwZ
K) cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvMe¨q L)¯^q¤¢yZ †fvMe¨q
ii) Kvco M) †fvM¨cY¨ Av‡qi Rb¨ e¨q N) miKvwi †fvMe¨q
iii) Nievwo 13| mÂ‡qi D‡Ïk¨ Kx?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) eZ©gv‡bi †fvM L) AZx‡Zi †fvM
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i,ii I iii M) fwel¨‡Zi †fvM N) †fv‡Mi DØ„Ë
 wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 7 I 8 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 14| hveZxq A_©‣bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi g~j D‡Ïk¨ †KvbwU?
wg. w¯§_ KvbvWv †_‡K G‡m evsjv‡`‡k GKwU wkí cÖwZôvb M‡o K) mÂq L) wewb‡qvM
†Zv‡jb| Avevi wg. Rvgvj evsjv‡`k †_‡K wM‡q Px‡bi GKwU wkí M) †fvM N) Drcv`b
cÖwZôv‡b wewb‡qvM K‡ib Ges †`‡k A_© cvVvb| 15| wK evo‡j Avq evovi ìæb miKvwi e¨q ev‡o?
K) e¨q L) Drcv`b
M) Ki N) mÂq

266
m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi mv‡Rkb
1. `vg¯Íi wbY©q K‡iv|
gy`ªvi g~j¨; gy`ªvi 2. A‡_©i g~j¨ ev `vg¯Íi wbY©q K‡iv|
Pvwn`v I †hvMvb 3. A‡_©i g~j¨ I `vg¯Í‡ii g‡a¨ m¤úK© we‡kølY K‡iv|
gy`ªvi cwigvY ZË¡ 1. wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiYwU e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
2. wdkv‡ii A‡_©i cwigvY Z‡Ë¡i aviYv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
3. A‡_©i †hvMvb I A‡_©i g~‡jï wecixZ m¤ú‡K©i Av‡jv‡K Aviwfs wdkv‡ii A‡_©i cwigvY ZË¡wU we‡kølY K‡iv|
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK; †K›`ªxq 1. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK I evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki ¯îƒc e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi 2. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki aviYv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
nvwZqvimg~n 3. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
4. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR¸‡jv we‡kølY K‡iv|
5. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡ki A_©eë¯v Dbœq‡bi bvbvfv‡e f~wgKv iv‡LÑ we‡kølY K‡iv|
6. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Y c×wZ¸‡jv Ges Gi Kvh©KvwiZv we‡kølY K‡iv|
7. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi c×wZ¸‡jvi e¨vL¨v `vI|
evwbwR¨K e¨vsK; 1. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki aviYv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY 2. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
m„Rb 3. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi jvMvgnxb FY cÖ`vb Kvh©µ‡gi d‡j gy`ªvùxwZ m„wó n‡q‡QÑ e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
4. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY m„wó Avgvb‡Zi cwigvY wbY©q K‡iv|
5. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK I evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ we‡kølY K‡iv|
AbjvBb e¨vswKs I 1. ‡gvevBj e¨vswKsÑGi myweav D‡jøL K‡iv|
†gvevBj e¨vswKs Gi 2. evwYwR¨K e¨vswKs c×wZ Ges †gvevBj e¨vswKs c×wZi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY K‡iv|
¸iæZ¡ 3. †gvevBj e¨vswKs Gi Kvh©µg e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
4. †gvevBj e¨vswKs Kvh©µg †jb‡`b mnR Kivmn MÖvgxY A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡b Ae`vb ivL‡QÑ we‡kølb K‡iv|

267
 A_© ev gy`ªvi aviYv: A_© n‡jv wewbg‡qi gva¨g| ‡h e¯‧ mvaviYfv‡e wewbg‡qi gva¨g wn‡m‡e mK‡ji wbKU MÖnY‡hvM¨, hvi Øviv µq-weµq Ges
mKj cÖKvi †jb‡`b m¤úbœ Kiv hvq Zv‡K A_© ejv nq| wewfbœ †`‡k A_© wewfbœ bv‡g cwiwPZ| †hgb- evsjv‡`‡k UvKv, fvi‡Z iƒwc, Av‡gwiKvq
Wjvi, Rvcv‡b B‡qb BZ¨vw`| µvD_v‡ii g‡Z, Òhv wewbg‡qi gva¨g wn‡m‡e RbM‡Yi wbKU MÖnY‡hvM¨ Ges g~‡j¨i cwigvcK I mÂ‡qi evnb
wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Zv‡K A_© e‡j|Ó IqvKvi Gi g‡Z, "Money is what money does." A_v©r ÒA_© ZvB hv A_© K‡i|Ó

1 I
 A‡_©i g~‡j¨: A‡_©i g~j¨ ej‡Z A‡_©i µqÿgZv‡K eySvq| m~Î: A‡_©i g~j¨ = `vg¯Íi ev, Vm  GLv‡b, Vm  A‡_©i g~j¨
P
P  `vg¯Íi| A‡_©i g~j¨ I `vg¯Í‡ii m¤úK©‡K wP‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq| wb‡Pi wP‡Î Zv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:

 wewnZ gy`ªv Ges AvgvbZ|

miKvix ‡bvU e¨vsK †bvU
1,2 I 5 UvKvi †bvU Ges mKj cÖKvi K‡qb| 10,20,50,100,200,500, 1000 UvKvi †bvU
G¸‡jv A_©-gš¿Yvjq cÖPjb K‡i| G¸‡jv evsjv‡`k e¨vsK cÖPjb K‡i|
A_©mwP‡ei ¯^vÿi _v‡K| G¸‡jv‡Z Mfb©‡ii ¯^vÿi _v‡K|
mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv ejv nq| Amxg wewnZ gy`ªv ejv nq|
eZ©gvb A_© mwP‡ei bvg Lvqiæ¾vgvb eZ©gvb Mf©bi-Avãyi iDd ZvjyK`vi (12Zg)
 wewnZ gy`ªv: miKvi AvBb e‡j †h A_© evRv‡i cÖPjb K‡i Ges †jb‡`‡bi †ÿÎ hv RbMY AvBbZ MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨ _v‡K Zv‡K wewnZ gy`ªv e‡j|
†hgb-evsjv‡`k miKvi I miKv‡ii c‡ÿ evsjv‡`k e¨vsK †hme A_© †`‡k cÖPjb Ki‡Q †m¸‡jvB wewnZ gy`ªv| MÖn‡Yi mxgvi w`K †_‡K wewnZ
gy`ªv‡K `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| h_v: K) Amxg/mxgvnxb wewnZ gy`ªv : †h A_© Øviv †h †Kv‡bv cwigv‡Yi †jb‡`b KvR m¤úbœ Kiv hvq Zv‡K Amxg
wewnZ gy`ªv e‡j| L) mmxg/mxwgZ wewnZ A_©: †h A_© Øviv AvBbZ GKUv wbw`©ó mxgvi AwaK cwigvY A‡_©i †jb‡`b KvR m¤úbœ Kiv hvq bv Zv‡K
mmxg/mxwgZ wewnZ A_© ejv nq|
 AvgvbZ: gvbyl wewfbœ ai‡bi wnmv‡e A_© Rgv iv‡L| Gme RgvK…Z A_©‡K AvgvbZ e‡j|
 Pvwn`v AvgvbZ: RbM‡Yi Mw”QZ A_© PvwnevgvÎ e¨vsK †_‡K D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq Giƒc AvgvbZ‡K Pvwn`v AvgvbZ e‡j|
 †gqvw` AvgvbZ: RbM‡Yi Mw”QZ A_© hv †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ e¨vs‡K Rgv ivLv nq Zv‡K †gqvw` AvgvbZ e‡j|
wewnZ gy`ªv I Avgvb‡Zi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨:
wewnZ gy`ªv AvgvbZ
1| ivóª ev miKvi KZ©„K ¯^xK…Z gy`ªvB n‡jv wewnZ gy`ªv| e¨vsK Avgvb‡Zi †Zgb †Kv‡bv ¯^xK…wZ †bB|
2| wewnZ gy`ªv aviYvq ivóª I miKvi RwoZ| e¨vsK Avgvb‡Zi mv‡_ miKvwi I †emiKvwi e¨vsK wKsev Avw_©K cÖwZôvb
RwoZ|
3| wewnZ gy`ªvi Zvij¨ Amxg, wewnZ gy`ªv w`‡q †Kv‡bv wKQz e¨vsK Avgvb‡Zi Zvij¨ Lye Kg, B”Qv Ki‡jB Zv w`‡q †Kv‡bv wKQz †Kbv hvq
†Kbv hvq| bv|
4| wewnZ gy`ªv MÖn‡Y mevB eva¨ _v‡K| e¨vsK AvgvbZ MÖn‡Y KvD‡K eva¨ Kiv hvq bv|
 A‡_©i Pvwn`v: ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q mgv‡Ri RbMY A_©‣bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ûi wewfbœ cÖ‡qvR‡b †h cwigvY A_© nv‡Z a‡i ivL‡Z Pvq Zv‡K H mg‡qi
A‡_©i Pvwn`v e‡j|
 A‡_©i Pvwn`vi wewfbœ aviYv : gvbyl cÖ‡qvR‡bi K_v wPšÍv K‡i wZbwU &Kvi‡Y A‡_©i Pvwn`v K‡i _v‡K| h_v:
 A‡_©i †jb‡`bRwbZ Pvwn`v  A‡_©i mZK©Zvg~jK Pvwn`v Ges  A‡_©i dUKv Pvwn`v|
 A‡_©i †jb‡`bRwbZ Pvwn`v: •`bw›`b †jb‡`‡bi Rb¨ gvbyl †h cwigvY bM` A_© nv‡Z a‡i ivL‡Z Pvq Zv‡K A‡_©i †jb‡`bRwbZ Pvwn`v ejv nq|
268
 A‡_©i mZK©Zvg~jK Pvwn`v: †Kv‡bv AwbwðZ ev AcÖZ¨vwkZ Ae¯v †gvKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ mZK©Zv wn‡m‡e eZ©gv‡b gvbyl wKQz bM` A_© fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨
nv‡Z a‡i ivL‡Z Pvq| A‡_©i Giƒc Pvwn`v‡K mZK©Zvg~jK Pvwn`v e‡j|

 A‡_©i dUKv Pvwn`v: •`bw›`b †jb‡`b I fwel¨‡Zi msKU †gvKvwejv QvovI gvbyl dUKv e¨emv‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ bM` A_© nv‡Z ivL‡Z Pvq| Giƒc
D‡Ï‡k¨ †h cwigvY A_© nv‡Z a‡i ivL‡Z Pvq Zv‡K A‡_©i dUKv Pvwn`v e‡j|

GB Aa¨v‡qi wfwWI K¬vm †c‡Z

Avgv‡K e¨envi Ki|

 Avq¯ÍÍi  †fvM cÖeYZv  mÂq cÖeYZv  `vg¯Íi  Avq cÖvwßi †gqv`
 my‡`i nvi  gy`ªv evRvi  fwel¨r cÖZ¨vkv  mvgvwRK wbivcËv
 A‡_©i †hvMvb: GKwU †`‡ki miKvi KZ©„K cªPwjZ mKj cÖKvi gy`ªvi mgwó‡K H ‡`‡ki gy`ªvi †hvMvb ejv nq| cÖPwjZ gy`ªv ej‡Z evRv‡i Pvjy mKj
cÖKvi KvM‡Ri †bvU I avZe gy`ªvi mgwó‡K ‡evSvq| Ms=Cu+DD+TD
GLv‡b, Ms  A‡_©i †hvMvb Cu= RbM‡Yi nv‡Zi gy`ªv DD= e¨vs‡K iwÿZ Pvwn`v AvgvbZ TD= †gqvw` AvgvbZ
 A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi Dcv`vb: A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi Dcv`vb n‡”Q 4wU| h_v:
 KvMwR †bvU ev Kv‡iwÝ  avZe gy`ªv  Pvwn`v AvgvbZ  †gqvw` AvgvbZ
 A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi wba©viK:
 KvMwR I avZe gy`ªv . †gqvw` AvgvbZ  wiRvf© AbycvZ  ‣e‡`wkK gy`ªvi wiRvf©
 •e‡`wkK FY  FYbxwZ  NvUwZ e¨q bxwZ
 A‡_©i cwigvYZË¡: hy³iv‡óªi B‡qj wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK Aviwfs wdkvi 1911 mv‡j Zuvi Purchasing Power of Money' bvgK MÖ‡š A‡_©i
cwigvY I A‡_©i g~‡j¨i ga¨Kvi m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q †h e³e¨ Dc¯vcb K‡ib ZvB wdkv‡ii A‡_©i cwigvYZË¡ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 g~j e³e¨: wdkv‡ii g‡Z, A‡_©i g~j¨ Zvi †hvMvb ev cwigvY Øviv wba©vwiZ nq| A‡_©i †hvMvb †h nv‡i Ges †h w`‡K cwiewZ©Z nq, A‡_©i g~j¨ I
†m nv‡i A_P wecixZ w`‡K cwiewZ©Z nq|

269
 A‡_©i Pvwn`v: A‡_©i Pvwn`v ej‡Z †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q A‡_©i wewbg‡q †h cwigvY `ªe¨mvgMªx µq Kiv hvq Zv‡K eySvq| ‡Kv‡bv †`‡k GKwU wbw`©ó
mg‡q Kx cwigvY A‡_©i Pvwn`v n‡e Zv g~jZ `ªe¨mvgMÖx µqweµ‡qi cwigvY Ges Zvi `vg¯Í‡ii Ici wbf©i K‡i| `ªe¨mvgMÖx µq-weµ‡qi
cwigvY‡K T Ges Zvi `vg¯Íi‡K P aiv n‡j P ‡K T Øviv ¸Y Ki‡j (P×T) †`‡ki †gvU A‡_©i Pvwn`v cvIqv hvq|
 A‡_©i †hvMvb: A‡_©i †hvMvb ej‡Z GKUv wbw`©ó mg‡q †`‡k cÖPwjZ †gvU A‡_©i cwigvY Ges Zvi cÖPjb MwZ‡K †evSvq| †gvU A‡_©i g‡a¨ wewnZ
gy`ªv ev miKvwi A_© QvovI bvbv ai‡bi e¨vsK m„ó FYcÎ AšÍf©y³ _v‡K| myZivs wewnZ gy`ªv Ges e¨vsK m„ó FYc‡Îi mgwó‡K †gvU A‡_©i cwigvY
e‡j| ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q †gvU wewnZ gy`ªv (M) I †gvU FYc‡Îi (M1) cwigvY‡K Zv‡`i cÖPjb MwZ [V, V1(V= A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ Ges V1=
FYc‡Îi cÖPjb MwZ) ] Øviv ¸Y Ki‡j †gvU A_© †hvMvb cvIqv hvq| A_©vr Ms=MV+M1V1 GLv‡b, Ms=A‡_©i †hvMvb|
MV
 wdkv‡ii mgxKiY: MV=PT ev, P  GLv‡b, M= wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY V= wewnZ A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ P= g~j¨¯Íi
T
T= ‡jb‡`bK…Z †gvU `ªe¨mgvMÖxi cwigvY DcwiD³ mgxKi‡Y MV= A‡_©i †gvU cwigvY × A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ = A‡_©i †hvMvb (Ms) Ges PT=
g~j¨¯Íi × †jb‡`bK…Z `ªe¨mvgMÖxi cwigvY = A‡_©i Pvwn`v (Md)|
wdkv‡ii g‡Z, V I T w¯i †_‡K M hw` GKwU wbw`©ó Abycv‡Z cwiewZ©Z nq Zvn‡j P GKB Abycv‡Z cwiewZ©Z n‡e|
MV  M1V1
PT= MV+M1N1  P 
T
GLv‡b, P= `vg¯Íi M= wewnZ A‡_©i cwigvY V= wewnZ A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ M1=FYc‡Îi cwigvY V1=FYc‡Îi cÖPjb MwZ
T=‡jb‡`bK…Z `ªe¨mvgMÖxi cwigvY|

 mgv‡jvPbv
 Aev¯Íe AbywgZmg~n  `vg¯Íi cwieZ©b  A‡_©i Pvwn`vi Ac~Y© e¨vL¨v  A‡_©i Pvwn`vi w`K D‡cwÿZ
 evwYR¨P‡µi e¨vL¨v Abycw¯Z  `vg¯Íi cwieZ©‡bi Ab¨vb¨ KviY D‡cwÿZ  A‡_©i †hvMvb I `vg¯Í‡ii m¤ú‡K© A¯úó e¨vL¨v
 e¨vs‡Ki aviYv: Bs‡iwR kã Bank (e¨vsK) A‡b‡Ki g‡Z BZvjxq kã Banco kã n‡Z DØ„Z n‡q‡Q| wLªóc~e© 600 A‡ã Px‡b we‡k¦i cÖ_g e¨vsK
kvÝx e¨vsK (Shansi Bank) Ges 1157 wLªóv‡ã BZvwj‡Z we‡k¦i cÖ_g miKvwi e¨vsK è¨vsK Ae †fwbmÕ cÖwZôv Kiv nq| A_©bxwZwe` µvD_vi-
Gi g‡Z, Ôe¨vsK Zvi F‡Yi I A‡bï F‡Yi eëmvq K‡i|
 AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z e¨vs‡Ki f‚wgKv:
 mÂqx g‡bvfve MVb  RbM‡Yi A‡_©i wbivcËv cÖ`vb  g~jab  evwY‡Rï cÖmvi
 K…wl Dbœqb  wk‡ívbœqb  AvšÍR©vwZK evwY‡Rï mnvqZv  g~jëvb m¤ú` msiÿY
 wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„wó  A_©‣bwZK w¯wZkxjZv AR©b  †fv³vi my‡hvM `vb  Ab¨vb¨ myweav
 e¨vs‡Ki cÖKvi‡f`
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK  evwYwR¨K e¨vsK  K…wl e¨vsK  wkí e¨vsK  mÂqx e¨vsK
 mgevq e¨sK  MÖvgxY e¨vsK  Bmjvgx e¨vsK  AvšÍR©vwZK e¨vsK
 †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki aviYv :‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK GKwU †`‡ki kxl©¯vbxq Avw_©K cªwZôvb| †`‡ki gy`ªv cÖPjb, FY wbqš¿Y, •e‡`wkK wewbgq nvi wbqš¿Y,
miKv‡ii A_© msµvšÍ Dc‡`k cÖ`vb BZ¨vw` Kv‡R †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki GK”QÎ AwaKvi| Aa¨vcK n‡Æ-Gi g‡Z, Ô‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK n‡jv FY`v‡bi †kl
AvkÖq¯j|
 †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvhv©ewj:
 †bvU cÖPjb  miKv‡ii e¨vsK  FY wbqš¿Y  Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsK
 miKv‡ii Dc‡`óv  wewbgq nvi wbqš¿Y  FY`v‡bi †kl AvkÖq¯j  miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa
 A_©‣bwZK w¯wZkxjZv AR©b  wK¬qvwis nvDm  Dbœqbg~jK KvR
 evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki MVb I cwiPvjbv: evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki bvg Ôevsjv‡`k e¨vsKÕ| ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi ciB 1972 mv‡j ivóªcwZi Av‡`k e‡j
evsjv‡`‡k Aew¯Z mv‡eK Ô‡÷U e¨vsK Ae cvwK¯ÍvbÕ-Gi mKj m¤ú` I `vqÑ`vwqZ¡ wb‡q evsjv‡`k e¨vsK MwVZ nq| 1971 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤î
n‡Z G e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©µg ïiæ nq|
 g~jab: evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki †gvU cwi‡kvwaZ g~jab 3 †KvwU UvKv; hvi cy‡ivcywi miKvi KZ©„K cwi‡kvwaZ | ‡mRb¨ evsjv‡`k e¨vsK miKvwi
gvwjKvbvaxb cwiPvwjZ|
 evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Kvhv©ewj:
 †bvU cÖPjb  evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi e¨vsK  FY wbqš¿Y  FY`v‡bi †kl AvkÖq¯j
 wbKvk Ni  miKv‡ii e¨vsK  miKv‡ii civgk©`vZv  wewbgq nv‡i w¯iZv
 g~j¨¯Í‡ii w¯wZkxjZv  evwYR¨ Pµ cÖwZ‡iva  Avw_©K bxwZ cªYqb  M‡elYv I Z_¨ Dc¯vcb
 ev‡RU I cwiKíbv cÖYqb  miKv‡ii cÖwZwbwa

 ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK `yBfv‡e FY wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K| c×wZ `ywU n‡jv:

 cwigvYMZ FY wbqš¿Y c×wZ  ¸YMZ FY wbqš¿Y c×wZ
 cwigvYMZ FY wbqš¿Y c×wZ: FY wbqš¿‡Yi nvwZqvi¸‡jv n‡jv:  e¨vsK nvi  †LvjvevRvi Kvh©Kjvc  msiÿY AbycvZ
 ¸YMZ FY wbqš¿Y c×wZ:
 F‡Yi †ikwbs  †fvM¨ FY wbqš¿Y  •bwZKPvc
 eÜwK F‡Yi bM`vsk cwieZ©b  cÖPviYv  cÖZ¨ÿ eë¯v
 ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi nvwZqvimg~n:
‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK †`‡k FY wbqš¿‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ wewfbœ nvwZqvi eënvi K‡i| †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi cÖavb wZbwU nvwZqvi n‡jv-1. e¨vsK nvi
bxwZ 2. †LvjvevRvi bxwZ 3. bM` Rgvi cwieZ©b| FY wbqš¿‡Yi nvwZqvi mg~‡ni Zzjbvg~jK Kvh©KvwiZv wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv|
 cÖ‡qvM †ÿÎ  A_©bxwZi g›`vfve cªwZ‡iva  FYc‡Îi cÖvc¨Zv
 FY`vb bxwZ `ªæZ Kvh©Ki Kivi †ÿÎ  A_©bxwZi wewfbœ †ÿ‡Îi Ici cÖfve  D™¢zZ cwiw¯wZ †gvKvwejv
 evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki aviYv : ‡h Avw_©K cÖwZôvb mvaviYZ RbM‡Yi wbKU n‡Z ¯^í my‡` AvgvbZ MÖnY K‡i Ges Avgvb‡Zi A_© eëmvqx I Ab¨vb¨‡K
AwaK my‡` avi w`‡q gybvdv AR©b K‡i Zv‡K evwYwR¨K e¨vsK e‡j|
 evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Kvhv©ewj: AvaywbK hy‡M evwYwR¨K e¨vsK wewfbœgyLx Kvh© m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K| evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©vewj wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv:
 mvaviY Kvhv©ewj  RbwnZKi/mvgvwRK Kvhv©ewj  cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK Kvhv©ewj  Ab¨vb¨ Kvhv©ewj
 mvaviY Kvhv©ewj:
 AvgvbZ MÖnY  FY`vb  FY m„wó  mÂq msMÖn
 wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g m„wó  wewb‡qvM  g~jab MVb  Avw_©K weeiYx cÖKvk
 RbwnZKi/mvgvwRK Kvhv©ewj:
 eëmvq-evwY‡R¨ mvnvh¨  •e‡`wkK gy`ªv µq-weµq  A_© ¯vbvšÍi  ågYKvixi myweav
 we‡ji evÆvKiY  g~jëvb wRwbmcÎ msiÿY  wnmve msiÿY  mvgwqKx cÖKvk
 cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK Kvhv©ewj:
 FYc‡Îi µq-weµq  A_© msMÖn I cÖ`vb  •e‡`wkK wewbgq  cÖwZwbwaZ¡
 AwQi KvR  FYcÎvw` msMÖn I cÖ`vb  †MvcbxqZv iÿv
 Ab¨vb¨ Kvhv©ewj:
 wbR¯^ Kg© cÖwkÿY Bbw÷wUDU cwiPvjbv K‡i
 eëmvq-evwY‡Rï Dbœq‡b M‡elYv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i
 Aa¯Íb kvLvmg~n ZË¡veavb I Zv‡ì Kvhv©ewj gwbUwis K‡i
 †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK mg„w× AR©‡bi Rb¨ miKvi I †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Av‡`k, Dc‡`k, Aby‡iva ev¯Íevq‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
†gvU AvgvbZ
 evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY m„wói cÖwµqv: e¨vsK m„ó FY = cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ  wiRv©e nvi
 evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki mgvR‡mev Kvh©µg:
 mÂq I g~jab MVb  wewb‡qvM mnvqZv  K…wl Dbœq‡b mnvqZv  wk‡ívbœq‡b mnvqZv
 A_©¯vbvšÍi  wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„wó  ÿz`ª eëmvqx‡ì FY`vb  Drcv`bkxj Lv‡Z FY`vb
 m¤ú‡ì wbivcËv  Kg©ms¯vb e„w×  †fvM¨cY¨ µ‡q Aby`vb  Rb‡mev
 AbjvBb e¨vswKs : Kw¤úDUvi wfwËK B›Uvi‡bU mnvqK Ges †h eë¯vq GKRb MÖvnK GKB e¨vs‡Ki †h †Kvb GKwU kvLvi gva¨‡g Zvi Avw_©K
†jb‡`b m¤ú~Y© Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K AbjvBb e¨vswKs e‡j|
 AbjvBb e¨vswKs Gi myweav:
wèvivwÎi †h †Kv‡bv mgq wnmve AbymÜvb I †jb‡`b Kiv hvq|
 nvjbvMv` Z_¨ cÖ`vb K‡i|
 GKevi †Kv‡bv Z‡_¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i †ei n‡q Avm‡j cieZx© mg‡q H Z‡_ï nvjbvMv` ¯^qswµqfv‡e Kvh©Kix n‡q hvq|
 GKB e¨vs‡Ki g‡a¨ GK wnmve ‡_‡K Ab¨ wnmv‡e A_© ¯vbvšÍi|

 Amyweavmg~n:
 AbjvBb e¨vswKs ¯vcb Ges eënv‡i A‡bK mg‡qi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
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 A‡bK e¨vsK mxwgZ GjvKvi ‡mev`v‡bi Rb¨ G Kvh©µg w`‡q _v‡K|
 A‡bK mgq wnmveavixi UvKv PvIqv Ges cÖvwßi g‡a¨ mg‡qi eëavb A‡bK †ewk _v‡K| d‡j A_© PvIqv Ges cvIqvi g‡a¨ mg‡qi cv_©‡Kï
Kvi‡Y wnmveavix‡K A_© bv †c‡jI AwZwi³ my` cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nq|
 A‡bK e¨vsK Av‡Q hviv ågYKvixi †PK Ges wnmveiÿ‡Ki †PK Bmy¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| cvi‡jI †ek Amyweav †`Lv †`q| Gme Amyweav _vKv
m‡Ë¡I wèvivwÎi myweav _vKvq G e¨vswKs Gi f‚wgKv Ab¯^xKvh©|
 †gvevBj e¨vswKs : ‡gvevBj ‡dv‡bi gva¨‡g e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv‡K †gvevBj e¨vswKs e‡j|
‡gvevBj e¨vswKs-Gi myweavmg~n:
 24 N›Uv 365 w`b GKvD‡›U cÖ‡e‡ki myweav|
 wnmv‡ei e¨v‡jÝ Rvb‡Z cviv|
 GK wnmve †_‡K Ab¨ wnmv‡e A_© ¯vbvšÍi (evsjv‡`‡k G myweav ïay GKB e¨vs‡Ki g‡a¨ mxgve×)|
 wb‡Ri GKvwaK wnmv‡ei g‡a¨ A_© ¯vbvšÍi|
 BDwUwjwU wej: †hgb-we`y¨r, M¨vm, †dvb, cvwb BZ¨vw` cwi‡kva Kiv hvq|
 wnmv‡ei Avq-e¨q, D‡Ëvjb BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cviv|
 †PK eB-Gi Rb¨ Aby‡iva I †PK-Gi †c‡g›U evwZj Kiv hvq|
 my‡ì nvi, ‣e‡`wkK gy`ªvi wewbgq nvi BZ¨vw` Rvbv hvq|
Ávbg~jK cÖkœ I DËi cÖkœ: Zvi‡jï gvb Kx?
cÖkœ: gy`ªvi Pvwn`v Kv‡K e‡j? DËi: A‡_©i mvnv‡h¨ me `ªe¨ †ePv‡Kbv Kiv hvq Ges A_©‡K me©`v Ab¨
DËi: GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q †`‡ki RbMY wewfbœ cÖ‡qvR‡b †h cwigvY bM` †h †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨ iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq GUvB Zvi‡jï gvb|
gy`ªv nv‡Z a‡i ivL‡Z Pvq Zv‡KB gy`ªvi Pvwn`v e‡j| cÖkœ: FY wbqš¿‡Yi c×wZ KqwU?
cÖkœ: wewnZ gy`ªv Kx? DËi: FY wbqš¿‡Yi c×wZ PviwU|
cÖkœ: miKvi AvB‡bi gva¨‡g †h gy`ªv Pvjy K‡i Ges g~‡jï cwigvcK, cÖkœ: wewbg‡qi gva¨g Kx?
mÂ‡qi evnb, wewb‡qv‡Mi gva¨g wn‡m‡e †`‡ki RbmvaviY hv MÖnY DËi: gy`ªv n‡jv wewbg‡qi gva¨g|
Ki‡Z eva¨ _v‡K Zv‡K wewnZ gy`ªv e‡j| cÖkœ: gvby‡li Avðh©RbK Avwe®‥vi †KvbwU?
cÖkœ: A‡_©i g~j¨ Kx? DËi: gy`ªv gvby‡li Avðh©RbK Avwe®‥vi|
DËi: gy`ªvi wbw`©ó GK‡Ki wewbg‡q mvaviYfv‡e †h cwigvY `ªe¨mvgMÖx I cÖkœ: gy`ªvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ •ewkó¨ Kx?
†mevKg© cvIqv hvq ZvB gy`ªvi g~j¨| DËi: gy`ªvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ •ewkó¨ n‡jv Gi me©Rb MÖvn¨Zv Ges AvBbwm×
cÖkœ: AvgvbZ Kv‡K e‡j? evaëvaKZv|
DËi: RbM‡Yi DØ„Ë A_© hLb evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡K Rgv iv‡L ZLb Zv‡K cÖkœ: evwYwR¨K Kvhv©ewj wK?
AvgvbZ e‡j| DËi: gy`ªvi †g․wjK I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR¸‡jvB evwYwR¨K Kvhv©ewj|
cÖkœ: wewnZ gy`ªv Kv‡K e‡j? cÖkœ: ¯wMZ †jb‡`b wK?
DËi: †hme gy`ªv miKvwi Av‡`k Abymv‡i RbmvaviY †jb‡`‡bi gva¨g DËi: fwel¨r †`bv-cvIbv‡K ¯wMZ †jb‡`b e‡j|
wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨ Zv‡K wewnZ gy`ªv e‡j| cÖkœ: †Kvb e¯‧i Zvij¨gvb me‡P‡q †ewk?
cÖkœ: gy`ªvi g~j¨ Kx? DËi: gy`ªvi Zvij¨gvb me‡P‡q †ewk|
DËi: gy`ªvi wbw`©ó GK‡Ki wewbg‡q mvaviYfv‡e †h cwigvY `ªe¨mvgMÖx I cÖkœ: †KvbwU mn‡R cwienb‡hvM¨?
†mevKg© cvIqv hvq Zv‡K gy`ªvi g~j¨ ejv nq| DËi: gy`ªv mn‡R cwienb †hvM¨|
cÖkœ: A‡_©i †hvMvb Kv‡K e‡j? cÖkœ: evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki g~j PvwjKvkw³ Kx?
DËi: GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q †`‡k cÖPwjZ gy`ªv I e¨vs‡K iwÿZ Pvwn`v DËi: evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki g~j PvwjKvkw³ n‡jv Zvi AvgvbZ|
Avgvb‡Zi mgwó‡K A‡_©i †hvMvb e‡j| cÖkœ: evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb KvR Kx?
cÖkœ: A_© Kx? DËi: evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb KvR n‡jv AvgvbZ MÖnY|
DËi: A_© n‡jv wewbg‡qi gva¨g| cÖkœ: AvgvbZ KZ cÖKvi?
cÖkœ: AbjvBb e¨vswKs ej‡Z wK †evSvq? DËi: wZb cÖKvi|
DËi: AbjvBb e¨vswKs, B›Uvi‡bU e¨vswKs ev B-e¨vswKs n‡j wbivc` cÖkœ: mgqmxgvi wfwË‡Z AvgvbZ KZ cÖKvi?
I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g Avw_©K cÖwZôvbmg~n Zv‡ì †µZv‡ì mv‡_ Avw_©K DËi: mgqmxgvi wfwË‡Z AvgvbZ `yB cÖKvi|
†jb‡`b m¤úbœ cÖwµqv‡K ‡evSvq| cÖkœ: Pvwn`v AvgvbZ Kx?
cÖkœ: gy`ªv Kx? DËi: RbM‡Yi Mw”QZ A_© Pvwn`v gvÎ e¨vsK †_‡K D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq
DËi: hv wewbg‡qi gva¨g, mÂ‡qi fvÛvi, g~‡jï cwigvcK wn‡m‡e KvR Giƒc AvgvbZ‡K Pvwn`v AvgvbZ e‡j|
K‡i ZvB gy`ªv ev A_©| cÖkœ: †gqvw` AvgvbZ Kv‡K e‡j?
cÖkœ: Aviwfs wdkv‡ii m¤úªmviYK…Z mgxKiYwU Kx? DËi: RbM‡Yi Mw”QZ A_© hv †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡qi Rb¨ e¨vs‡K Rgv ivLv
DËi: Aviwfs wdkv‡ii m¤úªmviYK…Z mgxKiYwU n‡jv- nq Zv‡K †gqvw` AvgvbZ e‡j|
PT=MV+M'V' cÖkœ: mÂqx AvgvbZ Kx?
A_ev, MV+M'V'=PT DËi: †h gy`ªv GKwU wbw`©ó mgq †gqv‡` KZevi m‡ev©”P Kx cwigvY †Zvjv
cÖkœ: gy`ªvi †hvMvb Kv‡K e‡j? hv‡e Zv D‡jøL _v‡K Zv‡K mÂqx AvgvbZ e‡j|
DËi: gy`ªvi †hvMvb ej‡Z miKvi I †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K Bmy¨K…Z I †`‡k cÖkœ: ¯vqx AvgvbZ ej‡Z wK †evS?
Aby‡gvw`Zfv‡e cÖPwjZ KvMwR †bvU I avZe gy`ªvi mgwó‡K †evSvq| DËi: †h Avgvb‡Zi A_© c~e©wba©vwiZ mgq †gqv` †k‡l †Zvjv hvq Zv‡K
cÖkœ: fvmgvb g~jab Kx? ¯vqx AvgvbZ e‡j|
DËi: ‡h g~jab wewfbœ Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î eënvi Kiv hvq (‡hgb-we`y¨r, cÖkœ: e¨vsK Kxiƒc cÖwZôvb?
Kqjv, hvbevnb BZ¨vw`) Zv‡K fvmgvb g~jab e‡j| DËi: e¨vsK Avw_©K ga¨¯ZvKvix cÖwZôvb
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cÖkœ: AvaywbK A_©bxwZi Rxebxkw³ ej‡Z †KvbwU‡K †evSv‡bv nq? a‡i ivL‡Z Pvq| cÖ‡qvRbxq Avw_©K ‡jb‡`b ‡h‡Kv‡bv Avw_©K msKU
DËi: AvaywbK A_©bxwZi Rxebxkw³ ej‡Z e¨vsK‡K †evSv‡bv nq| ‡gvKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ Ges dUKv Kviev‡ii Rb¨ gy`ªv a‡i ivLvi Giƒc
cÖkœ: †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wK? cÖeYZv ‡`Lv hvq| Giƒc -Pvwn`vi cwigvYB n‡jv gy`ªvi Pvwn`v|
DËi: †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ggb GKwU cÖwZôvb hvi Øviv GKwU †`‡ki A_© KZ©„cÿ, cÖkœ 6| wewnZ gy`ªv Kv‡K e‡j?
†`kwUi mg¯Í Avw_©K welqvewj wbqš¿Y I wba©viY K‡i _v‡K| DËi : ‡`‡ki miKvi KZ©…K ¯^xK…Z wewbg‡qi gva¨g‡K wenxZ gy`ªv e‡j|
cÖkœ: †Lvjvi evRvi bxwZ wK? ‡hme gy`ªv ‡`‡ki miKvwi Av‡`k Abymv‡i RbmvaviY ‡jb‡`‡bi gva¨g
DËi: †Lvjvi evRvi bxwZ ej‡Z †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ©„K evRv‡i FYcÎ µq wn‡m‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨ _v‡K Zv‡K wewnZ gy`ªv e‡j| ‡KD wewnZ gy`ªv
weµq‡K ‡evSvq| MÖnY Ki‡Z Abxnv cÖKvk Ki‡j ivó«xq AvB‡b `wÛZ n‡Z cv‡i| wewnZ
cÖkœ: †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KLb †Lvjvi evRv‡i FYcÎ wewµ K‡i? gy`ªv `yB cÖKvi| h_v 1. Amxg wewnZ gy`ªv I 2. mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv|
DËi: †K›`ªxq e¨vsK hLb F‡Yi cwigvY Kgv‡Z Pvq ZLb †Lvjv evRv‡i cÖkœ 7| gy`ªvi ‡hvMv‡bi Dcv`vbmg~n Kx Kx?
FYcÎ wewµ K‡i| DËi : gy`ªv ‡hvMv‡bi Dcv`vbmg~n‡K cÖavbZ wZbwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq|
cÖkœ: evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb KvR Kx? h_v wewnZ gy`ªv, Pvwn`v AvgvbZ I cÖvq A_©| wewnZ gy`ªv n‡jv miKvi
DËi: evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb KvR AvgvbZ msMÖn Kiv| cÖewZ©Z A_© hv wewbg‡qi gva¨g wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq| GwU `yB cÖKvi
cÖkœ: †Kvb †Kvb A_©bxwZwe` g‡b K‡ib evwYwR¨K e¨vsK FY`v‡bi gva¨‡g Amxg wewnZ gy`ªv Ges mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv| Pvwn`v AvgvbZ n‡jv e¨vs‡K
AvgvbZ m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i? Mw”QZ AvgvbZ| Avi cÖvq A_© n‡jv hv mn‡RB bM` A‡_© iƒcvšÍi Kiv
DËi: A_©bxwZwe` nvU©wj DB`vm©, †mqvm© cÖgyL g‡b K‡ib evwYwR¨K e¨vsK hvq| ‡hgb- cÖvBReÛ, ‡cv÷vj AW©vi BZ¨vw`|
mg~n FY`v‡bi gva¨‡g AvgvbZ m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i| cÖkœ 8| wK¬qvwis nvDm ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
cÖkœ: †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki kvLv †`‡ki evB‡i _v‡K bv? DËi : Bs‡iwR Clearing House-Gi evsjv n‡”Q wbKvkNi ev cwi”Qbœ
DËi: †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki kvLv †`‡ki evB‡i _v‡K bv| K¶ | A_©bxwZ‡Z wbKvkNi kãwU Ggb GKwU ¯vb‡K wb‡`©k K‡i ‡hLv‡b
cÖkœ: AbjvBb e¨vswKs wK? GKB GjvKvi e¨vs‡Ki cÖwZwbwaMY e‡m ci¯ú‡ii Ici Dc¯vwcZ ‡PK,
DËi: B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g †h e¨vswKs Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ Zv‡K AbjvBb W«vdU, wewbgq I wb®úwË K‡i| wbKvk Ni ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ©…K wbqwš¿Z
e¨vswKs e‡j| I wba©vwiZ| evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cvi¯úwiK mKj ‡jb‡`b I mgm¨vi
Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ I DËi mgvavb wbKvk N‡i wb®úwË Kiv nq|
cÖkœ 1| A‡_©i Pvwn`v‡K ‡Kb AcwiewZ©Z aiv nq? cÖkœ 9| B-e¨vswKs ej‡Z Kx ‡evS?
DËi : A‡_©i wbR¯^ ‡Kv‡bv Pvwn`v ‡bB| A_© wewbg‡qi gva¨g wn‡m‡e DËi : B‡jKU«wbK kãwUi mv‡_ Rwo‡q Av‡Q ¯^qswµqZv, `ªæZZv I
KvR K‡i| GQvov A_© g~‡jï aviK wn‡m‡eI KvR K‡i| d‡j gvbyl AvaywbKZv| Avi Gme wKQyi mgš^‡qB M‡o I‡V‡Q B-e¨vswKs|
memgq bM` gy`ªv nv‡Z ivL‡Z PvB| ZvB A‡_©i cwigvY ZË¡ we‡køl‡Y B‡jKU«wbK k‡ãi mvnv‡h¨ ¯^qswµqfv‡e `ªæZZvi mv‡_ wbf©yj e¨vswKs
mvaviYfv‡e A‡_©i Pvwn`v‡K AcwiewZ©Z a‡i A‡_©i ‡hvMvb cwieZ©‡bi Kvh©µg cwiPvjbvi bvgB n‡jv B-e¨vswKs| GwU GKwU m¤ú~Y©
cÖfve e¨vL¨v Kiv nq| Kw¤úDUvivBRW c×wZ| G c×wZ‡Z ‡M․Y h‡š¿i f~wgKvB gyL¨| h‡š¿i
cÖkœ 2| ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ‡Lvjv evRvi bxwZi Kvh©µg ‡jL| mvnv‡h¨ hveZxq e¨vswKs KvR h_v- A_© ¯vbvšÍi, A_© msMÖn cÖf…wZ m¤úbœ
DËi : ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ©…K ‡Lvjv evRv‡i 1g ‡kÖwYi FYcÎ, mÂqcÎ Kiv nq| e¨vs‡Ki AvaywbK bxwZi Ab¨Zg ms¯‥iY GwU|
BZ¨vw` µq-weµq Kiv‡K ‡Lvjv evRvi bxwZ ejv nq | FY wbqš¿‡Yi cÖkœ 10| gy`ªv ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
Rb¨ ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK ‡Lvjv evRv‡i miKvwi FYcÎ µq-weµq K‡i| DËi : gy`ªv n‡jv wewbg‡qi gva¨g| ‡h e¯‧ mvaviYfv‡e wewbg‡qi gva¨g
‡hgb FY Kgv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡j ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK ‡Lvjv evRv‡i weµq wn‡m‡e mK‡ji wbKU MÖnY‡hvM¨| hvi Øviv µq-weµq Ges mKj cÖKvi
K‡i| Avevi F‡Yi cwigvY evov‡Z n‡j - ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK ‡Lvjv evRv‡i ‡jb‡`b m¤úbœ Kiv hvq Zv‡K gy`ªv ejv nq| wewfbœ ‡`‡k gy`ªv wewfbœ
FYcÎ µq K‡i| bv‡g cwiwPZ| ‡hgb, evsjv‡`‡k UvKv, fvi‡Z iæwc, Av‡gwiKvq Wjvi,
cÖkœ 3| evsjv‡`‡ki `yB UvKvi ‡bvU ‡Kb mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv? Rvcv‡b B‡qb BZ¨vw` |
DËi: Avgiv Rvwb, mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv ej‡Z ‡evSvq hv ïay ¯^í cwigvY cÖkœ 11| gy`ªvi mvgvwRK Kvh©vewj e¨vL¨v Ki |
‡jb‡`b m¤úv`b Kiv hvq; wKš‧ eo ‡Kv‡bv ‡jb‡`b m¤úv`b Kiv hvq bv DËi : gy`ªv w`‡q KwZcq mvgvwRK KvR m¤úbœ Kiv hvq | bvbv cÖKvi
Zv‡K mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv e‡j| cvIbvi cwigvY A‡bK ‡ewk n‡j ‡h wewnZ mvgvwRK AvPvi-Abyôvb ‡hgb- weevn, Rb¥w`b, cÖwZôv evwl©Kx, AvwKKv,
gy`ªv MÖn‡Y cvIbv`vi‡K eva¨ Kiv hvq bv Zv‡K mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv e‡j| KviI AvMgb ev we`vq BZ¨vw` Dcnvi ev ‡h․ZyK wn‡m‡e gy`ªv eënvi
‡hgb- evsjv‡`‡k 1 UvKvi KvMwR gy`ªv Ges 5, 10, 25, 50 cqmv| G Kiv nq| gvbyl nVvr wec‡` co‡j ev ‡ivMvµvšÍ n‡j ev c~Rvcve©Y BZ¨vw`
gy`ªvi "wecix‡Z ¯^Y© ev ‡i․c¨ wiRvf© ivLv nq bv | mvgvwRK Kg© m¤úv`b Ki‡Z ‡M‡j gy`ªvi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o| GRb¨ gvbyl
cÖkœ 4| A‡_©i ‡hvMvb ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? [XvKv ‡iwm‡Wbwmqvj g‡Wj gy`ªvi gva¨‡g mÂq K‡i| G‡Z mvgvwRK eÜb `„p nq| G Kvh©vewj‡K
K‡jR] mvgvwRK Kvh©vewj ejv nq|
DËi : A‡_©i ‡hvMvb ej‡Z mvaviYZ ‡Kv‡bv GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q ‡`‡k cÖkœ 12| gy`ªvi gb¯ÍvwË¡K Kvh©vewj eY©bv Ki|
cÖPwjZ ‡gvU A‡_©i cwigvY‡K ‡evSvq| ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ©…K Bmy¨K…Z DËi : gy`ªv wewfbœ w`‡K LvwU‡q AwZwi³ gy`ªv ev gybvdv AR©b Kiv hvq|
wewnZ gy`ªv Ges e¨vsK KZ©…K FYc‡Îi mgwó n‡jv ‡gvU A‡_©i ‡hvMvb| AvaywbK hy‡Mi Gme Kvh©vewj A‡bKUv gb¯ÍvwË¡K| gy`ªv nv‡Z _vK‡j bvbv
Giƒc gy`ªvi cÖPjb ¶gZv Av‡Q| GKwU gy`ªv hZevi nvZ e`jvq GwU cÖKvi Avb›` cvIqv hvq| gy`ªvi gvwjK‡K GK we‡kl ai‡bi Avb›` ‡`q,
Z‡Zv UvKvi KvR K‡i| Avi gy`ªvi ‡hvMv‡bi gvb wbf©i K‡i Gi ‡gvU hv bv _vK‡j Abyfe Kiv hvq bv |
cwigvY Ges cÖPjb MwZi mgwói ¸Yd‡ji mgvb| A_©vr GKwU mg‡q cÖkœ 13| AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z gy`ªvi ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖPwjZ wewnZ gy`ªv (M) I e¨vsK gy`ªv (M) Gi cÖPjb MwZ V I V' n‡j DËi : AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡Z gy`ªvi f~wgKv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| eZ©gvb -
A‡_©i ‡hvMvb n‡e MV + M'V' ! mgv‡R, gy`ªv mKj A_©‣bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ði PvwjKvkw³ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
cÖkœ 5| gy`ªvi Pvwn`v ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? mKj ai‡bi ‡jb‡`b A‡_©i gva¨‡g m¤úbœ Kiv hvq e‡j A_© RxebhvÎvi
DËi : GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q ‡`‡ki RbMY wewfbœ cÖ‡qvR‡b ‡h cwigvY c_‡K mnR K‡i‡Q| GRb¨B AvaywbK A_©bxwZ‡K gy`ªv A_©bxwZ ejv nq|
bM` gy`ªv nv‡Z a‡i ivL‡Z Pvq Zv‡KB gy`ªvi Pvwn`v e‡j | gy`ªvi mnR cÖkœ 14| RbM‡Yi nv‡Zi gy`ªv ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
wewbgq‡hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ RbmvaviY Ges evwYwR¨K cÖwZôvbmg~n gy`ªv nv‡Z
273
DËi : RbM‡Yi nv‡Zi gy`ªv ej‡Z ‡gvU A_© mieivn ‡_‡K ‡K›`ªxq DËi : ‣`bw›`b ‡jb‡`b, `ªe¨mvgMÖx ‡ePv ‡Kbv Ges Ab¨vb¨ Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b
e¨vs‡Ki e¨vswKs wefv‡M iw¶Z A_© Ges evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki f‡ë iw¶Z A_© eëüZ nq| Gme cÖ‡qvR‡b eëüZ A‡_©i Pvwn`v‡K A‡_©i
A‡_©i mgwó ev` w`‡j hv _v‡K Zv‡K ‡evSvq| A_©vr CMs (Cc +Ca) i ‡jb‡`bRwbZ Pvwn`v e‡j| A_©vr ‣`bw›`b ‡jb‡`‡bi Rb¨ gvbyl ‡h
GLv‡b, Cu = RbM‡Yi nv‡Zi gy`ªv, Ms = A‡_©i ‡gvU mieivn, C = cwigvY bM` A_© nv‡Z a‡i ivL‡Z Pvq Zv‡K A‡_©i ‡jb‡`bRwbZ Pvwn`v
‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki e¨vswKs wefv‡M iw¶Z gy`ªv Ges evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki f‡ë ejv nq| A‡_©i ‡jb‡`bRwbZ Pvwn`v gvby‡li Av‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i|
iw¶Z A_© | cÖkœ 23| A‡_©i mZK©Zvg~jK Pvwn`v m¤ú‡K© eywS‡q ‡jL |
cÖkœ 15| Pvwn`v Avgvb‡Zi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki| DËi : ‡Kv‡bv AwbwðZ ev AcÖZ¨vwkZ Ae¯v ‡gvKvwejv Kivi Rb¨
DËi : Pvwn`v AvgvbZ ej‡Z e¨vs‡K RgvK…Z MÖvnK‡ì ‡m AvgvbZ‡K mZK©Zv wn‡m‡e eZ©gv‡b gvbyl wKQy bM` A_© fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ nv‡Z a‡i
‡evSvq, ‡h Avgvb‡Zi UvKv Pvwnev gvÎ e¨vsK MÖvnK‡ì‡K ‡diZ w`‡Z ivL‡Z Pvq| A‡_©i Giƒc Pvwn`v‡K mZK©Zvg~jK Pvwn`v e‡j| ‡hgb-
eva¨ _v‡K| G ai‡bi AvgvbZ hviv e¨vs‡K Rgv iv‡L Zviv ‡h‡Kv‡bv mgq fwel¨‡Z Amy¯Zv, eëmvq ¶wZ, PvKwiPz¨wZ wKsev `yN©Ubv BZ¨vw`
‡P‡Ki gva¨‡g bM` A‡_© iƒcvšÍi Ki‡Z cv‡i| myZivs Pvwn`v AvgvbZ- AcÖZ¨vwkZ cwiw¯wZ ‡gvKvwejvi Avk¼vq mZK©Zvg~jK A‡_©i Pvwn`v m„wó
Dy = Ms - (Cu + TD) ‡hLv‡b TD = ‡gqvw` AvgvbZ| nq| A‡_©i mZK©Zvg~jK Pvwn`vI gvby‡li Av‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i|
cÖkœ 16| cÖvq gy`ªvi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| cÖkœ 24| A‡_©i dUKv Pvwn`vi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi : cÖvq gy`ªv Ges gy`ªvi ¸Yvewj I Kvh©vewj cÖvq GK| hwÌ mvaviY DËi : ‣`bw›`b ‡jb‡`b I fwel¨‡Zi msKU ‡gvKvwejv QvovI gvbyl
gy`ªvi g‡Zv Zv ‣`bw›`b KvR Kvievi, wewbg‡qi gva¨g wn‡m‡e eënvi dUKv eëmv‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ bM` A_© nv‡Z ivL‡Z Pvq| Giƒc D‡Ï‡k¨ ‡h
Kiv nq bv| ZeyI ‡Kv‡bv ‡Kv‡bv mgq cÖ‡qvRb "n‡j cÖvq gy`ªv cwigvY bM` A_© nv‡Z a‡i ivL‡Z Pvq Zv‡K A‡_©i dUKv Pvwn`v e‡j|
Zr¶Yvr gy`ªvq iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv hvq| GRb¨ Gme gy`ªv‡K cÖvq gy`ªv e‡j| dUKv Kviev‡ii gva¨‡g ¯^í mg‡q gvbyl AwaK cwigvY gybvdv AR©b
Lye mn‡R gy`ªvq iƒcvšÍwiZ Kiv hvq e‡j cÖvq gy`ªv mK‡ji Kv‡Q K‡i _v‡K| A‡_©i dUKv Pvwn`v wbf©i K‡i my‡ì nv‡ii Ici|
MÖnY‡hvM¨| cÖvq gy`ªvi Ab¨Zg GKwU gva¨g n‡jv ‡PK| wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖkœ 25| ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? e¨vL¨v Ki |
FYcÎ, wewbgq wej, ‡U«Rvwi wej, ‡cv÷vj AW©vi, cÖvBR eÛ BZ¨vw` cÖvq DËi : ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK n‡”Q Ggb GKwU cÖwZôvb hvi Øviv GKwU ‡`‡ki
gy`ªv| A_©-KZ©…c¶ ‡`kwUi mg¯Í Avw_©K welqvewj wbqš¿Y I wba©viY K‡i _v‡K|
cÖkœ 17| Amxg wewnZ gy`ªv ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? myZivs ‡h e¨vsK ‡`‡ki mKj Avw_©K cÖwZôvb¸‡jv wbqš¿Y, ‡`‡ki gy`ªv
DËi : Amxg wewnZ gy`ªv ej‡Z Ggb GK wewnZ gy`ªv‡K ‡evSvq, hv w`‡q cÖPjb Ges miKv‡ii Avw_©K cÖwZwbwa I civgk©`vZv wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i
‡h‡Kv‡bv cwigvY ‡jb‡`b Kiv hvq Ges ‡`bv cvIbv cwi‡kva Ki‡j Zv‡KB ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK ejv nq| ‡`‡ki mKj e¨vsK I Ab¨vb¨ Avw_©K
cvIbv`vi Zv MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨ _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡ki 5 UvKv, 10 UvKv, 20 cÖwZôvbmg~n wbqš¿Y K‡i Ges gy`ªv evRv‡i w¯wZkxjZv eRvq ‡i‡L
UvKv, 50 UvKv, 100 UvKv, 500 UvKv I 1000 UvKvi ‡bvU n‡jv Amxg ‡`‡ki mvgwMÖK Kj¨vY wbwðZ KivB ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki g~j j¶¨|
wenxZ gy`ªv| cÖkœ 26| evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖkœ 18| mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? DËi : evwYwR¨K e¨vsK n‡jv Ggb GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôvb, hv e¨w³ ev
DËi : ‡h gy`ªv ‡Kv‡bv FY ev `ª‡eï g~j¨ cwi‡kva Kivi Rb¨ wbw`©ó cÖwZôvb ‡_‡K AvgvbZ wn‡m‡e A_© msMÖn K‡i Ges eëmvwqK D‡Ï‡k¨
cwigv‡Yi ‡ewk ‡Ìqv hvq bv Ges wbw`©ó cwigv‡Yi ‡ewk MÖnxZvI MÖnY A_© ‡jb‡`‡bi gva¨‡g gybvdv AR©b K‡i | Gfv‡eI ejv hvq, ‡h e¨vsK
Ki‡Z AvBbZ eva¨ bq, ZvB mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv| ‡hgb- evsjv‡`‡ki 5 Rbmvavi‡Yi wbKU n‡Z AvgvbZ MÖnY K‡i Ges eëmvq evwYR¨ I
UvKv, 2 UvKv, 1 UvKv, 0.5 UvKv, 0.25 UvKvi avZe gy`ªv Ges 2 UvKv I Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡qvR‡b RbMY‡K ¯^í‡gqvw` FY w`‡q _v‡K Zv‡K evwYwR¨K
1 UvKvi ‡bvU mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv | e¨vsK ejv nq| G w`K w`‡q evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K ¯^í‡gqvw` F‡Yi
cÖkœ 19| wdkv‡ii mgxKi‡Yi MVb-Gi e¨vL¨v `vI| eëmvqx wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv hvq| ‡`‡ki eëmvq evwYR¨ I wk‡íi
DËi : wdkv‡ii mgxKi‡Yi evgc¶ n‡”Q MVb | GUv ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cÖvY‡K›`ª n‡jv evwYwR¨K e¨vsK |
mg‡qi A‡_©i ‡gvU ‡hvMvb wb‡`©k K‡i| GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q ‡gvU cÖPwjZ cÖkœ 27| AbjvBb e¨vswKs ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
A‡_©i cwigvY‡K A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ w`‡q ¸Y K‡i A‡_©i ‡gvU ‡hvMvb DËi : B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g ‡h mvaviY e¨vswKs Kvh©µg m¤úv`b Kiv nq
wbY©q Kiv nq| mvaviYZ ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q ‡`‡k cÖPwjZ UvKv cqmvi Zv‡K AbjvBb e¨vswKs e‡j| G‡¶‡Î B›Uvi‡b‡U hy³ n‡q e¨vs‡Ki wbw`©ó
cwigvY‡K A‡_©i ‡hvMvb ejv nq| wKš‧ mgq- e¨vwß we‡ePbv Ki‡j myiw¶Z I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g GKRb MÖvnK Zvi e¨vsK GKvD‡›U cÖ‡ek
A‡_©i GK GKK IB mg‡qi g‡a¨ KZevi nvZ e`jvq Z_v A‡_©i cÖPjb K‡i| GKvD‡›U cÖ‡ek Kivi Rb¨ e¨vsK MÖvnK‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ (mvaviYZ
GKwU AvBwW I cvmIqvW©) mieivn K‡i| Z‡e evsjv‡`‡k GLb ch©šÍ
MwZ (V)-‡K we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq| myZivs ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mg‡q A‡_©i
B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g mKj e¨vswKs Kvh©µg m¤úv`b Kiv hvqwb|
‡gvU ‡hvMvb n‡jv IB mg‡q cÖPwjZ ‡gvU A‡_©i cwigvY (M) Ges
cÖkœ 28| ‡gvevBj e¨vswKs ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq?
A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ (V) Gi ¸Ydj | DËi : ‡gvevBj wWfvBm ev ‡gvevBj ‡dv‡bi gva¨‡g ‡Kv‡bv Avw_©K
cÖkœ 20| wdkv‡ii mgxKi‡Yi PT-Gi e¨vL¨v `vI| cÖwZôv‡bi MÖvnK‡ì‡K ‡jb‡`b m¤úwK©Z myweav cÖ`v‡bi gva¨gB n‡jv
DËi : wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKi‡Yi Wvbc¶ PT| GwU ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ‡gvevBj e¨vswKs| Ab¨fv‡e ejv hvq, ‡gvevBj e¨vswKs n‡”Q kvLvwenxb
mg‡q A‡_©i Pvwn`v cÖKvk K‡i| wdkv‡ii g‡Z, A‡_©i gva¨‡g e¨vswKs eë¯v, hvi gva¨‡g ¯^í Li‡P `¶Zvi m‡½ Avw_©K ‡mev e¨vswKs
‡jb‡`bK…Z `ªe¨ I ‡mevi cwigvY‡K `ªe¨g~j¨ Øviv ¸Y Ki‡j A‡_©i ‡gvU myweav ewÂZ Rb‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q ‡c․‡Q ‡Ìqv |
Pvwn`v cvIqv hvq| A_©vr A‡_©i ‡gvU Pvwn`v = Px T = MV: wdkv‡ii
g‡b †i‡Lv Avgvq!!!
mgxKi‡Y A‡_©i ‡gvU ‡hvMvb I A‡_©i ‡gvU Pvwn`vi mgZv Z_v MV =  gy`ªv I e¨vsK : gy`ªv Kx?
PT cÖKvk cvq | 1. me‡P‡q Zij m¤ú`-bM` A_©|
cÖkœ 21| e¨vsK gy`ªv ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? 2. wewbgq eë¯v mnR I MwZkxj n‡q‡Q- A‡_©i Øviv|
DËi : e¨vsK gy`ªv ej‡Z e¨vs‡K iw¶Z ‡mB AvgvbZ‡K ‡evSvq, ‡h‡Kv‡bv 3. `ªe¨ wewbg‡qi Amyweav `~i Ki‡Q-gy`ªv|
mgq ‡P‡Ki gva¨‡g ‡Zvjv hvq| GRb¨ PjwZ AvgvbZ‡K e¨vsK gy`ªv ejv 4. wewbgq‡K mnR Ki‡Z f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q-A‡_©i weKvk|
nq| gy`ªv mieiv‡ni GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcv`vb n‡jv- e¨vsK gy`ªv| e¨vsK 5. m‡ev©rK…ó wewbg‡qi gva¨g n‡jv-gy`ªv|
gy`ªv `yB fv‡e m„wó n‡Z cv‡i| h_v- cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ (Primary  gy`ªvi Kvh©vewj
Deposit) I DØ„Z AvgvbZ (Creat Deposit) 6. A‡_©i cÖavb Kvh©vewj-PviwU|
cÖkœ 22| A‡_©i ‡jb‡`bRwbZ Pvwn`v ej‡Z Kx ‡evSvq? 7. g~‡jï cwigvcK n‡jv- A_©|
274
8. A‡_©i cÖ_g I cÖavb KvR-wewbg‡qi gva¨g| 57. ¯^í‡gqvw` FY `vb K‡i-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
9. FY MÖnY I cwi‡kva mnR n‡q‡Q-A_© cÖPj‡bi d‡j| 58. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖv_wgK KvR-AvgvbZ MÖnY|
10. F‡Yi wfwË wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq-A_©‡K| 59. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv-gybvdv AR©b Kiv|
11. fwel¨r †`bv-cvIbv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i-¯wMZ †jb‡`b Øvivv| 60. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK AvgvbZ MÖnY K‡i- 3 ai‡bi|
12. Zvi‡jï gvb wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i-A_©‡K| 61. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb KvR n‡jv-AvgvbZ MÖnY|
 wewnZ gy`ªv Ges AvgvbZ 62. PvwnevgvÎ MÖvnK‡K UvKv †diZ †Ìqv nq-PjwZ Avgvb‡Z|
13. wewnZ gy`ªv‡K fvM Kiv hvh-2 fv‡M| 63. ‡h․_g~jabx †Kv¤úvwbi cÖv_wgK †kqvi µ‡qi cÖavb gva¨g-evwYwR¨K
14. RbMY MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨ _v‡K-wewnZ gy`ªv| e¨vsK|
15. Zvij¨ gvb Amxg-wewnZ gy`ªvi|  evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY m„Rb cÖwµqv
16. eëmvwqK †jb‡`b m¤úbœ nq-`yBfv‡e| 64. FY m„Rb K‡i- evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
17. `yB UvKvi †bvU-mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv| 65. FY m„wói cÖwµqv‡K ejv nq- F‡bi ¸wYZK cÖmvi|
18. ‡h‡Kv‡bv cwigvY †jb‡`b Kiv hvq-Amxg wewnZ gy`ªv Øviv| 66. Avw_©K ga¨¯ eëmv cÖwZôvb-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
19. we‡k¦i cÖvq mKj †`‡k cÖPwjZ-KvMwR gy`ªv| 67. e¨vsK FY MÖnxZvi bv‡g Ly‡j-m„ó AvgvbZ|
 A‡_©i g~j¨ 68. e¨vsK FYm„ó cÖwµqvi AbywgwZ e¨vs‡Ki wewae× wiRvf© AbycvZ-w¯i _v‡K|
1 69. FY AvgvbZ m„wói d‡j-A‡_©i Dc‡hvwMZv ev‡o|
20. A‡_©i g~‡jï m~Î - Vm  .  AbjvBb e¨vswKs I †gvevBj e¨vswKs Gi ¸iæZ¡
P
70. e¨vswKs ‡mevi mev©waK ms‡hvM-AbjvBb e¨vswKs|
21. A‡_©i g~‡jï (Vm) Ici wbf©ikxj-`vg¯Íi|
71. B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g †h e¨vswKs Kvh©µg m¤úbœ nq Zv‡K e‡j
22. A‡_©i g~j¨ ej‡Z †evSvq-µq Kivi ÿgZv|
AbjvBb e¨vswKs|
23. `vg¯Íi evo‡j-A‡_©i g~j¨ K‡g|
24. gy`ªvi dUKv Pvwn`v wbf©i K‡i-my‡ì nv‡ii Ici| 72. ATM Gi c~Y©iƒc-Automated Teller Machine|
73. Lye mn‡RB e¨vsK †÷U‡g›U msMÖn Kiv m¤¢e-AbjvBb e¨vswKs-G
 gy`ªvi Pvwn`v I †hvMvb
25. jW© †KB‡Ýi g‡Z A‡_© Pvwn`vi KviY-3wU| 74. ATM n‡jv-A_© D‡Ëvj‡bi GKwU c×wZ|
26. Avq I gy`ªvi Pvwn`vi g‡a¨ we`¨gvb-abvZ¥K m¤úK©| 75. B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g m¤úbœ nq-AbjvBb e¨vswKs|
27. A‡_©i Pvwn`v mgxKiYwU n‡jv-MD=PT| 76. †gvevBj e¨vswKs Gi DrcwË-BD‡iv‡c|
28. gy`ªvi †hvMvb m„wó-3wU Dcv`v‡bi mgš^‡q| 77. AvaywbK e¨vswKs †mev cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î GwM‡q-‡gvevBj e¨vswKs-|
29. gy`ªvi †hvMvb aviYvwU eëüZ nq-2wU A‡_©| 78. †gvevBj wWfvB‡mi gva¨‡g †jb‡`b nq-‡gvevBj e¨vswKs-G|
30. RbM‡Yi nv‡Zi gy`ªvi I e¨vs‡K iwÿZ A‡_©- A‡_©i †hvMvb| 79. ‡gvevBj e¨vswKs G †jb‡`b m¤úbœ nq-SMS Øviv|
31. PvIqv gvÎ e¨vsK cwi‡kva Ki‡Z eva¨ _v‡K- Pvwn`v AvgvbZ|  gy`ªvi cwigvY ZË¡
32. e„nËi A‡_© gy`vª †hvMv‡bi mgxKiY n‡jv- Ms = Cp + DD + TD| 80. eëmvqx‡ì cÖavb fimv¯j-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
81. A_©‣bwZK Dbœq‡b cÖ‡qvRb g~j¨¯Í‡ii-w¯wZkxjZv|
33. msKxY© A‡_© A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi mgxKiY n‡jv- Ms = Cp + DD|
82. Avw_©K m”QjZvi mb`cÎ cÖ`vb K‡i-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
 gy`ªvi cwigvY ZË¡
83. bZzb F‡Yi cwigvY e„w× cvq-FY AvgvbZ m„wói gva¨‡g|
34. A‡_©i g~j¨ (Vm) wbf©ikxj-`vg¯Í‡ii Ici|
84. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK weËnxb‡ì mvnvh¨ K‡i-RvgvbZ Qvov FY Øviv|
35. ÒQuantity Theory of MoneyÓ ZË¡wU w`‡q‡Q- Aviwfs wdkvi|
85. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK g‡°‡ji A_© ¯vbvšÍi K‡i-my‡ì wewbg‡q|
36. A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi mv‡_ A‡_©i g~‡jï m¤úK©- wecixZgyLx|
86. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK MÖvnK‡ì cÖ`vb K‡i-‡fv³v FY|
37. A‡_©i †hvMvb wØ¸Y n‡j A‡_©i g~j¨ K‡g- A‡a©K n‡e|
38. wdkv‡ii Z‡Ë¡ A‡_©i Pvwn`v I †hvMvb me©`v-mgvb _v‡K| Abykxjbx cvV-1
1. gy`ªvi cÖavb KvR Kx?
39. wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY- PT = MV + M1V1| K. wewbg‡qi gva¨g L. mÂ‡qi evnb
 ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK M. FY cwi‡kv‡ai gva¨g N. g~‡jï cwigvcK
40. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK cÖ_g gy`ªv cÖPjb K‡i-4 gvP©, 1972|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
41. gy`ªv ev †bvU cÖPjb K‡i-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
 gy`ªvi cÖavb KvR-wewbg‡qi gva¨g|
42. evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki bvg-evsjv‡`k e¨vsK|
 g~‡jï cwigvcK wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq-gy`ªv|
43. gy`ªvevRv‡i AwffveK n‡”Q-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
 mÂ‡qi evnb wn‡m‡e eëüZ nq-gy`ªv|
44. wbKvkNi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
 F‡Yi wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i-gy`ªv|
45. ‡`‡ki kxl©¯vbxq Avw_©K cÖwZôvb-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
 gy`ªvi KvR¸‡jv‡K fvM Kiv hvq-3 fv‡M|
46. ‡`‡ki gy`ªv I FY wbqš¿Y K‡i-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
47. F‡Yi †kl AvkÖq¯j wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK| 2. wewnZ gy`ªv KZ cÖKvi?
K. 2 L. 3 M. 4 N. 5
48. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki †bvU bq-GK UvKv, `yB UvKv|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
49. gy`ªvbxwZ †NvlYv K‡i-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
 wewnZ gy`ªv-2 cÖKvi|
50. gy`ªvùxwZ Gov‡Z ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK MÖnY K‡i- FY wbqš¿Y bxwZ|
 miKvwi AvBb Øviv cÖPwjZ-wewnZ gy`ªv|
 ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi nvwZqvimg~n
51. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY wbqš¿Y K‡i-`ywU c×wZ‡Z|  †h‡Kv‡bv cwigvY †jb‡`b m¤úv`b Kiv hvq-Amxg wewnZ gy`ªv|
52. ¸YMZ wbqš¿Y c×wZ n‡jv- F‡Yi †ikwbs|  A‡_©i Pvwn`v-3 cÖKvi|
53. ‡`‡k F‡Yi cwigvY Kgv‡Z †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evovq-e¨vsK nvi| 3. “Money is what Money Does” A‡_© G msÁvwU †K w`‡q‡Qb?
54. evRv‡i FYcÎ µq-weµq Kiv‡K ejv nq- †LvjvevRvi bxwZ| K. Gd.G. IqvKvi L. †R.Gg.‡KBbm
55. ‡LvjvevRvi bxwZ D™¢veb K‡i-e¨vsK Ae Bsj¨vÛ| M. wR.µvD_vi N. wW.GBP.ievU©mb
56. eÛ I wmwKDwiwU µ‡qi d‡j-gv_vwcQz Avq e„w× cvq| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 ÔA_© ZvB hv A_© K‡iÕ Dw³wU-Gd.G IqvKv‡ii|
 evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
275
 †h e¯‧ wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g, g~‡jï cwigvcK, mÂ‡qi evnb, F‡Yi,  †Kvb wbw`©ó mg‡q RbMY †h cwigvY A_© a‡i ivL‡Z Pvq Zv‡K
wfwË wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i Zv‡K e‡j-gy`ªv| e‡j-A‡_©i Pvwn`v|
 Ô‡h e¯‧ †`bv-cvIbv wgUvevi Rb¨ e¨vcKfv‡e M„nxZ nq ZvB A_©|Ó  A‡_©i Pvwn`v †gvU-3 cÖKvi|
Dw³wU-‡mqv‡m©i|  evowZ jv‡fi cÖZ¨vkvq UvKv a‡i ivLv‡K e‡j-dUKv Pvwn`v|
 A_© Ggb wRwbm hv ¯vbvšÍi K‡i F‡Yi Pzw³ I `v‡gi Pzw³i  DØ„Ë A_© hLb e¨vsK‡K Rgv ivLv nq Zv‡K e‡j-AvgvbZ|
†gUv‡bv hvq Ges hvi gva¨‡g µqÿgZv a‡i ivLv hvq|Ó Dw³wU- 10. wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY V Øviv †evSv‡bv nq-
‡R.Gg.‡KB‡Ýi| K. `ª‡eï cwigvY L. `ª‡eï `vg
4. wb‡Pi †KvbwU mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv? M. A‡_© cwigvY N. A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ
K. 2 UvKvi †bvU L. 10 UvKv †bvU hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
M. 20 UvKvi †bvU N. 50 UvKv †bvU  wdkv‡ii mgxKiY V Øviv †evSvq-A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  wdkv‡ii mgxKiY PV n‡jv- A‡_©i Pvwn`v|
 2 UvKvi †bvU GKwU-mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv|  wdkv‡ii mgxKi‡Yi MV n‡jv-A‡_©i †hvMvb|
 20 UvKvi †bvU GKwU-Amxg wewnZ gy`ªv|
 MÖvnK‡K wbw`©ó mxgvi Dci eva¨ Kiv hvq bv-mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv wb‡Z| GB Aa¨v‡qi (MCQ) wfwWI
 5 UvKvi K‡qb GKwU-mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv| K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
5. Hw”QK gy`ªv †KvbwU?
K. 10 UvKvi †bvU L. 200 UvKvi †bvU
M. mÂqcÎ N. 500 UvKvi †bvU
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 †PK, e¨vsK WªvdU, cÖvBR eÛ BZ¨vw`-Hw”QK gy`ªv|
 RbMY AvBbMZ eva¨ bq- Hw”QK gy`ªv MÖn‡Y|
 gy`ªvi g‡Zv KvR K‡i wKš‧ AvBbMZ gy`ªv bq-Hw”QK gy`ªv|
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ…©K cÖPwjZ bq-Hw”QK gy`ªv|
11. wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY MV = PT GLv‡b MV Øviv Kx †evSvq?
 cÖvBReÛ GwU-Hw”QK gy`ªv|
K. A‡_©i †hvMvb L. A‡_©i Pvwn`v
6. wb‡Pi †KvbwU Amxg wewnZ gy`ªv? M. `vg¯Íi N. A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ
K. 1 UvKvi avZe gy`ªv L. 2 UvKvi avZe gy`ªv
M. 5 UvKvi avZe gy`ªv N. 5 UvKvi KvMwR gy`ªv hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 wdkv‡ii mgxKiYwU PT n‡jv-A‡_©i Pvwn`v|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 †h‡Kv‡bv cwigvY †jb‡`b m¤úv`b Kiv hvq-Amxg wewnZ gy`ªvi  RbM‡Yi nv‡Z gy`ªv, Pvwn`v AvgvbZ I †gqvw` Avgvb‡Zi mgwó‡K
gva¨‡g| e‡j-A‡_©i †hvMvb|
 Amxg wewnZ gy`ªvi wecix‡Z miKvi Rgv iv‡L-¯^Y©|  GKwU gy`ªv wbw`©ó mg‡q hZevi nvZ e`jvq Zv‡K e‡j-A‡_©i
 Amxg wewnZ gy`ªvq ¯^vÿi _v‡K-‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Mfb©‡ii| cÖPjb MwZ (V)|
7. GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi †`‡ki RbMY †h cwigvY bM` gy`ªv nv‡Z a‡i 12. wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY †KvbwU?
ivL‡Z Pvq Zv‡K e‡j- K. MT = VP L. MV = PT
K. wewnZ gy`ªv L.PjwZ AvgvbZ M. A‡_©i ‡hvMb N. A‡_©i Pvwn`v M. MP = VT N. M = VPT
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 †`‡ki mevB MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨-wewnZ gy`ªv|  wdkv‡ii mgxKiYwU n‡jv-PT=MV
 wbw`©ó mg‡q A_©bxwZ‡Z cÖPwjZ gy`ªvi †gvU cwigvYB n‡jv- gy`ªvi  wdkv‡ii mgxKi‡Y M Gi mv‡_ P Gi m¤úK©-wecixZgyLx|
†hvMvb| MV
 wdkv‡ii mgxKiY- P 
 wbw`©ó mg‡q †`‡ki RbMY †h cwigvY A_© nv‡Z ivL‡Z Pvq Zv‡K T
e‡j- A‡_©i Pvwn`v| 13. Aviwfs wdkv‡ii Z‡Ë¡, A‡_©i Pvwn`v †KvbwU?
8. A‡_©i cwigvY (M) = 2000, A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ (V)= 10, K. MV L. PT M. M N. T
‡jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 20 n‡j `vg¯Íi (P) = ? hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K. 50 L. 100 M. 500 N. 1000  wdkv‡ii Z‡Ë¡i PT n‡jv-A‡_©i †gvU Pvwn`v|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  wdkv‡ii Z‡Ë¡i M n‡jv-wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY|
 A‡_©i cwigvY Z‡Ë¡i cÖe³v-Aviwfs wdkvi|  wdkv‡ii Z‡Ë¡ †jb‡`bK…Z `ªe¨mvgMÖxi cwigvY wb‡`©wkZ nq-T w`‡q|
 wewbgq mgxKiY PT Øviv †evSv‡bv nq-gy`ªvi Pvwn`v|  wdkv‡ii Z‡Ë¡ A‡_©i †hvMvb n‡jv-MV|
 A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi mv‡_ A_©g~‡jï m¤úK©-wecixZ|
14. Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯’v AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L A_© mieivn (M) wØ¸Y n‡j †KvbwU
 A‡_©i †hvMvb wØ¸Y n‡j A‡_©i g~j¨-A‡a©K n‡e| NU‡e?
 A‡_©i cwigv‡Yi mv‡_ `vg¯Í‡ii m¤úK©-mggyLx| K. gy`ªv ms‡KvPb n‡e L. `vg¯Íi wØ¸Y n‡e
 c~Y© wb‡qvM Ae¯v we`¨gvb-A‡_©i cwigvY Z‡Ë¡| M. A‡_©i g~j¨ evo‡e N. A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ Kg‡e
9. evowZ jv‡fi cÖZ¨vkvq gvby‡li gy`ªv‡K nv‡Z a‡i ivLvi cÖeYZv‡K hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
gy`ªvi Kx ai‡bi Pvwn`v e‡j?  wdkv‡ii mgxKi‡Y M Gi mv‡_ P Gi m¤úK©-wecixZgyLx|
K. ‡jb‡`bRwbZ Pvwn`v L. mZK©Zvg~jK Pvwn`v  wdkv‡ii mgxKiY, M wØ¸Y n‡j `v¯ÍiI-wØ¸Y nq|
M. dUKv Pvwn`v N. AvgvbZ Pvwn`v  `vg¯Íi wØ¸Y n‡j A‡_©i g~j¨-A‡a©K nq|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!

276
15. A‡_©i g~j¨ ej‡Z †evSvq-  evwYwR¨K e¨vsK FY cÖ`v‡bi †ÿ‡Î my` avh© K‡i-D”P nv‡i|
K. `vg wbav©i‡Yi ÿgZv L. µq ÿgZv  my` MÖnY I my‡ì cÖ`v‡bi cv_©K¨B n‡jv evwYwR¨K e¨vsK-gybvdv|
M. †fvM Kivi ÿgZv N. Avq Kivi ÿgZv 21. gy`ªvùxwZi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mZ¨?
hv bv Rvbv‡j bq K. gy`ªvi †hvMvb n«vm cvq L. `vg¯Íi n«vm cvq
 A‡_©i g~j¨ ej‡Z †evSvq-µq Kivi ÿgZv| M. A‡_©i g~j¨ n«vm cvq N. A‡_©i g~j¨ e„w× cvq
 GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY A_© Øviv †h cwigvY `ªe¨ µq Kiv hvq Zv‡K hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
e‡j-A‡_©i g~j¨|  `ª‡eï `vg¯Íi †e‡o hvIqv‡K e‡j-gy`ªvùxwZ|
 ÒA_© hv µq K‡i ZvB A‡_©i g~j¨Ó msÁvwU-Aa¨vcK n¨vb‡bi|  gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j ‡e‡o hvq-`ª‡eï `vg¯Íi|
 `ª‡eï `vg wbav©wiZ nq-‡µZv-we‡µZvi ìKlvKwl‡Z|  gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j n«vm cvq-A‡_©i g~j¨|
 `ª‡ei `vg e„w× †c‡j-A_©g~j¨ K‡g|  `vg¯Í‡ii mv‡_ A‡_©i g~‡jï m¤úK©-wecixZgyLx|
16. A_© mieiv‡ni cÖavb Dcv`vb KqwU?  `ª‡eï `vg¯Íi wØ¸Y n‡j A‡_©i g~j¨-wØ¸Y K‡g|
K. 2 L. 3 M. 4 N. 5  g~j¨ùxwZi d‡j `vg¯Íi-e„w× cvq|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 22. evsjv‡`‡ki wbKvk Ni †KvbwU?
A_© mieiv‡ni Dcv`vbmg~n‡K fvM Kiv hvq-wZb fv‡M| K. RbZv e¨vsK L. evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK
 RbM‡Yi nv‡Zi gy`ªv I e¨vsK iwÿZ A_© n‡jv-A‡_©i †hvMvb| M. MÖvgxY e¨vsK N. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
 RbM‡Yi nv‡Zi gy`ªv n‡jv-CU =MS-(CC+CB) hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 MÖvnKMY PvwnevgvÎ w`‡Z eva¨ _v‡K-Pvwn`v AvgvbZ|  evsjv‡`‡ki wbKvk N‡ii KvR K‡i-evsjv‡`k e¨vsK|
 †h‡Kv‡bv mgq bM` A‡_©i iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq-Pvwn`v AvgvbZ|  evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki bvg-evsjv‡`k e¨vsK|
 †h‡Kv‡bv mgq bM` A‡_© iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq- Pvwn`v AvgvbZ|  evsjv‡`‡ki miKvwi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK-6wU|
 wbw`©ó mg‡qi c~‡e© my`mn D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq bv-‡gqvw` AvgvbZ|  RbZv,‡mvbvjx, AMÖYx,iƒcvwj BZ¨vw`-miKvwi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
17. ‡KvbwU gy`ªvi Pvwn`v m„wóKvix Dcv`vb?  evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK GKwU-we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK|
K. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK L. wegv †Kv¤úvwb 23. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvR-
M. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK N. we‡kqvwlZ e¨vsK K. AvgvbZ MÖnY I miKvi‡K civgk© `vb
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! L. evwYR¨Pµ †iva I AvgvbZ MÖnY
 gy`ªvi Pvwn`v m„wóKvix Dcv`vb n‡jv-wegv †Kv¤úvwb,mÂqx e¨vsK, M. FY m„Rb I wewbgq wej evÆvKiY
‡K›`ªxq ev evwYwR¨K e¨vsK BZ¨vw`| N. wewbgq wej evÆvKiY I evwYR¨Pµ †iva
 gy`ªv a‡i ivLvi cÖeYZv‡K e‡j-gy`ªvi Pvwn`v| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 Avq I my‡ì nv‡ii mv‡_-gy`ªvi Pvwn`v m¤úwK©Z|  RbM‡Yi DØ„Ë UvKv Rgv iv‡L-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
 `vg¯Í‡ii Ici wbf©i K‡i-gy`ªvi Pvwn`v|  RbM‡Yi cÖ‡qvR‡b FY cÖ`vb K‡i-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
 gy`ªvi mZK©Zvg~jK Pvwn`v wbf©i K‡i-Av‡qi Ici| 24. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †Kvb Avgvb‡Zi Ici my` †`q bv?
 A‡_©i Pvwn`v mgxKiYwU n‡jv-MV =PT K. PjwZ AvgvbZ L. mÂqx AvgvbZ
18. ‡KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR? M. ¯vqx AvgvbZ N. ‡gqv`x AvgvbZ
K. ‡bvU cÖPjb L. AvgvbZ MÖnY hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
M. FY AvgvbZ m„wó N. eëmv‡q wewb‡qvM  evwYwR¨K e¨vsK my` †`q bv- PjwZ Avgvb‡Zi Dci|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  RbM‡Yi Av‡qi AwZwi³ Ask e¨vs‡K Rgv ivLv‡K e‡j-AvgvbZ|
 GKwU †`‡ki kxl©¯vbxq Avw_©K cÖwZôvb n‡jv-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK|  mgqmxgvi wfwË‡Z AvgvbZ-3 cÖKvi|
 gy`ªvi cÖPjb, FY wbqš¿Y, wewbgq nvi wbqš¿Y BZ¨vw` KvR K‡i-  mÂqx Avgvb‡Z m‡ev©”P UvKv D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq-mßv‡n 2 evi|
‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK|  GKwU wbw`©ó †gqv‡` m‡ev©”P my` cÖ`vb Kiv nq-¯vqx Avgvb‡Z|
 miKvi‡K A_© msµvšÍ Dc‡`k †`k-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK| 25. wb‡Pi †KvbwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki m‡½ m¤úwK©Z?
 AvgvbZ MÖnY,FY m„wó BZ¨vw` KvR K‡i- evwYwR¨K e¨vsK| K. †bvU Bmy¨ L. FY wbqš¿Y
 evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki bvg-evsjv‡`k e¨vsK| M. AvgvbZ MÖnY N. wbKvk Ni cwiPvjbv
19. ‡bvU cÖPj‡bi GKK AwaKvi †fvM K‡i ‡Kvb e¨vsK? hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK L. we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK  wewbgq wej evÆv K‡i-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
M. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK N. we‡`wk e¨vsK  RbM‡Yi mv‡_ miKvwi m¤úK© iv‡L-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  AvgvbZ MÖnY K‡i-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
 †bvU cÖPj‡bi GKK AwaKvi-‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki|  FY m„Rb K‡i-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
 Amxg wewnZ gy`ªvq ¯^vÿi _v‡K-‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Mfb©‡ii| 26. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK †Lvjv evRvi †_‡K FYcÎ µq Ki‡j †`‡k-
 Rbmvavi‡Yi wbKU n‡Z AvgvbZ MÖnY I FY m„wó KvR K‡i _v‡K- K. gy`ªvùxwZ K‡g L. F‡Yi cwigvY K‡g
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK| M. gy`ªv ms‡KvPb K‡g N. F‡Yi cwigvY w¯i _v‡K
we‡`wk gvwjKvbvq evsjv‡`‡k cÖwZwôZ e¨vsK‡K e‡j-we‡`wk e¨vsK| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
20. wb‡Pi †KvbwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb?  †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki †LvjvevRvi bxwZ MÖn‡Yi D‡Ïk¨-FY wbqš¿Y|
K. bM` Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b L. FY m„wó  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FYcÎ µq K‡i-RbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K|
M. F‡Yi †ikwbs N. FY wbqš¿Y  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FYcÎ µq Ki‡j ‡`‡k-gy`ªv ms‡KvPb K‡g|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FYcÎ weµq Ki‡j-gy`ªvùxwZ K‡g|
 FY wbqš¿Y, F‡Yi †ikwbs BZ¨vw` KvR K‡i-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK|  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FYcÎ weµq Ki‡j-F‡Yi cwigvY K‡g|
 evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki Ab¨Zg KvR-FY m„wó|
 evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv-gybvdv AR©b Kiv|
277
27. B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM QvovI †KvbwU m¤¢e?  MÖn‡Yi evaëvaKZvi w`K †_‡K A_© fvM Kiv hvq- `yfv‡M| h_v-
K. AbjvBb e¨vswKs L. B-‡gBj M. †gvevBj e¨vswKs N. B-e¨vswKs 1.wewnZ A_© 2. e¨vsK wnmve gy`ªv|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  evsjv‡`‡k iƒcvšÍi †hvM¨ gy`ªv n‡jv-5,10,20,50,100, 200,
 B›Uvi‡bU cÖhyw³i mvnv‡h¨ we‡k¦i †h‡Kv‡bv ¯v‡b UvKv †jb‡`b †K 500 I 1000 UvKvi †bvU|
e‡j- AbjvBb e¨vswKs| 33. †KvbwU gy`ªvi Pvwn`v m„wóKvix Dcv`vb?
 †gvevBj †dv‡bi gva¨‡g cÖwZôvb I MÖvn‡Ki g‡a¨ Avw_©K K. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L. wegv †Kv¤úvwb
†jb‡`b‡K e‡j-‡gvevBj e¨vswKs| M. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK N. we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK
 AbjvBb e¨vswKs G ìKvi-B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM ìKvi nq bv-‡gvevBj e¨vswKs G|  gy`ªvi Pvwn`v m„wóKvix Dcv`vb n‡jv-wegv †Kv¤úvwb, mÂqx e¨vsK
 †gvevBj e¨vswKs Gi AšÍfz©³-bM`,weKvk, i‡KU BZ¨vw`| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK BZ¨vw`|
28. „Money is what money does‟-msÁvwU Kvi?  gy`ªv a‡i ivLvi cÖeYZv‡K e‡j- gy`ªvi Pvwn`v|
K. †mqvm© L. ievU©mb M. IqvKvi N. µvD_vi  Avq I my‡ì nv‡ii mv‡_-gy`ªvi Pvwn`v m¤úwK©Z|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  `vg¯Í‡ii Ici wbf©i K‡i-gy`ªvi Pvwn`v|
 ÔA_© hv K‡i ZvB A_©Õ e‡j‡Qb-d«vwÝm Gi. IqvKvi|  gy`ªvi mZ©KZvg~jK Pvwn`v wbf©i K‡i-Av‡qi Ici|
 g~j¨ cwigvcK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i-gy`ªv|  A‡_©i Pvwn`v mgxKiYwU n‡jv- MV=PT
 Ô`ªe¨mvgMÖxi `vg A_ev Ab¨vb¨ eëmvMZ Kvh©Kjv‡ci cvIbv 34. gy`ªvi †hvMvb n«vm †c‡j Kx N‡U?
wn‡m‡e me©Î MÖnY‡hvM¨ e¯‧ A_©Õ e‡j‡Qb-ievU©mvb| K. `vg¯Íi e„w× cvq L. A‡_©i g~j¨ n«vm cvq
 g~‡ji cwigvcK I mÂ‡qi evnb wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i A_© e‡j‡Qb-µvD_vi| M. A‡_©i Pvwn`v n«vm cvq N. A‡_©i g~j¨ e„w× cvq
29. gy`ªvi cÖavb KvR †KvbwU? hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K. mvgvwRK ghv©`v iÿv L. gb¯ÍvwË¡K KvR  RbM‡Yi nv‡Zi gy`ªvi I e¨vs‡K iwÿZ A_© e‡j- gy`ªvi †hvMvb|
M. evwYwR¨K KvR N. mvgvwRK m¤úK© iÿv  wZbwU Dcv`vb mgš^‡qi MwVZ nq- gy`ªvi †hvMvb|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  msKxY© A‡_© A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi mgxKiY n‡jv- MS = Cp + DD|
 A‡_©i †g․wjK I evwYwR¨K KvR¸‡jvB-evwYwR¨K Kvh©vewj|  e„nËi A‡_© gy`ªvi †hvMvb †h nv‡i ev‡o †mB nv‡i K‡g- A‡_©i g~j¨|
 gy`ªvi cÖ_g I cÖavb KvR n‡jv-wewbg‡qi gva¨g|  A‡_©i †hvMvb wØ¸Y n‡j A‡_©i g~j¨ n‡e-A‡a©K|
 gy`ªvi KvR n‡jv PviwU: 1. wewbg‡qi gva¨g,2 g~‡jï cwigvcK,3. 35. A_© mieivn †_‡K †Kvb Dcv`vb ev` w`‡q Pvwn`v AvgvbZ cvIqv hvq?
mÂ‡qi evnb I 4. ¯wcZ †jb‡`‡bi gvb| K. RbM‡Yi nv‡Zi gyy`ªv
 mvgvwRK ghv©`vi evnb wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i-A_©| L. †gqvw` AvgvbZ
 gvby‡li g‡bvej evovq-bM` A_©| M. RbM‡Yi nv‡Zi gy`ªv I †gqvw` AvgvbZ
 mvgvwRK m¤úK© iÿv Ki‡Z eëüZ nq-A_©| N. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki f‡ë iwÿZ gy`ªv
 mgv‡R A_©‣bwZK wbivcËv‡eva e„w× cvq-A‡_©i Kvi‡Y| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
30. mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv †KvbwU?  A_© mieiv‡ni Dcv`vbmg~n‡K fvM Kiv hvq- wZb fv‡M|
K. 0.5 UvKv L. 10 UvKv M. 20 UvKv N. 50 UvKv  RbM‡Yi nv‡Zi gy`ªv I e¨vsK iwÿZ A_© n‡jv- A‡_©i †hvMvb|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  RbM‡Yi nv‡Zi gy`ªv n‡jv- CU =MS -(CC+CB)
 wbw`©ó mxgv ch©šÍ †jb‡`b Kiv hvq-mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv Øviv|  MÖvnKMY PvwnevgvÎ w`‡Z eva¨ _v‡K-Pvwn`v AvgvbZ|
 50 cqmv, 1 UvKvi, 2 UvKvi K‡qb-mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv|  †h‡Kv‡bv mgq bM` A‡_© iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq-Pvwn`v AvgvbZ|
 KvMwR †bvU I avZe gy`ªvi n‡jv-wewnZ gy`ªv|  wbw`©ó mg‡qi c~‡e© my`mn D‡Ëvjb Kiv hvq bv- †gqvw` AvgvbZ|
 miKvwi AvBb Øviv cÖPwjZ-wewnZ gy`ªv| 36. A‡_©i cwigvY Z‡Ë¡i wdkv‡ii mgxKiY †KvbwU?
 wewnZ gy`ªv‡K fvM Kiv hvq-2 fv‡M| K. MV = M ‘V’ L. MV = PT
 †h‡Kv‡bv cwigvY ‡jb‡`b Kiv hvq-Amxg wewnZ gy`ªv Øviv| M. MV > PT N. MV < PT
 10,20 UvKv I 50 UvKvi †bvU-Amxg wewnZ gy`ªv| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
31. miKvwi †bvU †KvbwU?  Aviwfs wdmv‡ii ZË¡-Quantity Theory of Money
K. 2 UvKv L. 5 UvKv M. 10 UvKv N. 20 UvKv  `vg¯Í‡ii †Kv‡bv f~wgKv †bB-wdkv‡ii g‡Z|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  A‡_©i g~j¨ wbav©wiZ nq-Pvwn`v I †hvMvb Øviv|
 miKvwi AvBb Øviv cÖPwjZ nq-wewnZ gy`ªv|  wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY n‡jv MV=PT|
 wewnZ gy`ªv fvM Kiv hvq-2 fv‡M|  wdkv‡ii ZË¡vbyhvqx A‡_©i Pvwn`v I †hvMvb-me©`v mgvb|
 miKvwi AvBbvbyhvqx †Kv‡bv cwigvY †jb‡`b Kiv hvq-Amxg wewnZ gy`ªvq|  wdkv‡ii fvl¨ g‡Z A_©bxwZ‡Z weivRgvb _v‡K-c~Y© wb‡qvM|
 KvD‡K MÖn‡Y eva¨ Kiv hvq bv-mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv| 37. M = 200,M = 200
 cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK gy`ªv e‡j-KvMwR †bvU‡K| V = 5,V= 5, T = 500; P = ?
 A_© mwP‡ei ¯^vÿi _v‡K-`yB UvKvi †bv‡U| K. 16 L. 8 M. 4 N. 2
 5,10,20,50,100,500,1000 UvKvi †bv‡Ui-Mfb©‡ii ¯^vÿi _v‡K|
32. ‡KvbwU mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv? hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K. 2 UvKv †bvU L. 5 UvKvi †bvU  A‡_©i cwigvY Z‡Ë¡i cÖe³v-Aviwfs wdkvi|
M. 10 UvKvi †bvU N. 1000 UvKvi ‡bvU  wewbgq mgxKiY PT Øviv †evSv‡bv nq-gy`ªv Pvwn`v|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi mv‡_ A_©g~‡jï m¤úK©- wecixZ|
 1,2 I 5 UvKvi K‡qb- mgxg wewnZ gy`ªv|
 A‡_©i †hvMvb wØ¸Y n‡j A‡_©i g~j¨- A‡a©K n‡e|
 wbw`©ó mxgv ch©šÍ †jb‡`b Kiv hvq-mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv Øviv|
 A‡_©i cwigv‡Yi mv‡_ `vg¯Í‡ii m¤úK©-mggyLx|
 c~Y© wb‡qvM Ae¯v we`¨gvb-A‡_©i cwigvY Z‡Ë¡|
278
38. wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY Abyhvqx- K. 6,00,000 UvKv L. 6,000 UvKv
T MV M. 54,000 UvKv N. 60,000 UvKv
K. P  L. P  hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
MV T
 FY m„Rb Ki‡Z cv‡i-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
M V T
M. P  N. P   e¨vsK m„ó AvgvbZ †Lv‡j- FYMÖnxZvi bv‡g|
T M V  FY m„wói cÖwµqv‡K e‡j-F‡Yi ¸wYZK cÖmvi|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  cÖv_wgK Avgvb‡Zi FY m„wó nq-K‡qK¸Y|
 wewbgq mgxKi‡Yi cÖe³v-Aviwfs wdmvi| cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ
 Aviwfs wdkvi A‡_©i cwigvY ZË¡ e¨vL¨v K‡ib- ‘The  †gvU AvgvbZ n‡jv- b~b¨Zg Rgvi nvi
Purchasing Power of Money’ MÖ‡š| 44. e¨vsK nvi 5%-Gi cwie‡Z© 6% wbav©iY Ki‡j †KvbwU NU‡e?
MV K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK cÖ`Ë F‡Yi my‡ì nvi n«vm cv‡e
 A‡_©i wewbgq mgxKiY n‡jv- P 
T L. MÖvnK‡ì g‡a¨ FY MÖn‡Yi Drmvn evo‡e
 wdkv‡ii Z‡Ë¡ M I V Øviv †evSv‡bv nq-‡gvU wewnZ A‡_©i M. evRv‡i F‡Yi cwigvY e„w× cv‡e
cwigvY I wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ| N. evRv‡i F‡Yi cwigvY n«vm cv‡e
 wewbgq mgxKiY P I T h_vµ‡g-`vg¯Íi I †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
39. A‡_©i g~j¨ (Vm) wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Ici wbf©ikxj?  †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY wbqš¿Y K‡i- `ywU c×wZ‡Z|
K. gRywi ¯Íi L. Avq¯Íi M. `vg¯Íi N. Drcv`b ¯Íi  evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki my‡ì nvi evo‡j n«vm cvq-F‡Yi Pvwn`v|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †h my‡ì nv‡i FY †`q
 A‡_©i cwigv‡Yi mv‡_ `vg¯Í‡ii m¤úK©-mggyLx| ZvB-e¨vsK nvi|
 `ª‡eï `v‡gi mv‡_ A_©g~‡jï m¤úK©-wecixZgyL©x|  †`‡ki F‡Yi cwigvY Kgv‡Z †K›`ªxq e¨vsK evovq-e¨vsK nvi|
 A‡_©i cwigvY wØ¸Y n‡j A‡_©i g~j¨ nq-A‡a©K|  evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FY`vb ÿgZv wbf©i K‡i- e¨vsK nv‡ii Ici|
 M I M wØ¸Y n‡j `vg¯Íi (P) nq-wØ¸Y| 45. †gvevBj e¨vswKs-Gi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU Riæwi?
 A‡_©i cwigvY A‡a©K n‡j A‡_©i g~j¨ (Vm) nq-wØ¸Y| i. Kw¤úDUvi ii. †gvevBj †mU iii. wcb‡KvW
40. ‡`‡ki Avw_©K bxwZ cÖYqb K‡i †Kvb e¨vsK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
M. Bmjvwg e¨vsK N. we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  wcb‡KvW ìKvi nq-‡gvevBj e¨vswKs G|
 gy`ªv evRv‡ii AwffveK n‡”Q- †K›`ªxq e¨vsK|  SMS-Gi gva¨‡g ‡jb‡`b Kiv hvq-‡gvevBj e¨vswKs G|
 gy`ªv I †bvU cÖPjb K‡i- †K›`ªxq e¨vsK|  B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM ìKvi nq bv-‡gvevBj e¨vswKs G|
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wbqš¿Y K‡i- Avw_©K cÖwZôvb mg~n‡K|  †gvevBj e¨vswKs Gi AšÍfz©³-weKvk, iK‡U BZ¨vw`|
 FY AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i- evwYwR¨K e¨vsK| 46. Hw”QK gy`ªv n‡jv-
 evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki g~j D‡Ïk¨-gybvdv AR©b Kiv| i. †PK ii. e¨vsK WªvdU iii. mÂqcÎ
 we‡kl Lv‡Zi Dbœq‡bi KvR K‡i- we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 Bmjvwg kixqvnwfwËK e¨vsK n‡jv-Bmjvwg e¨vsK| K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
41. ‡KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR bq? hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K. ‡bvU cÖPjb L. FY cÖ`vb  RbMY †h gy`ªv wb‡Z eva¨ bq- Hw”QK gy`ªv|
M. miKv‡ii e¨vsKvi N. FY wbqš¿Y  ‡PK, e¨vsK WªvdU, mÂqcÎ BZ¨vw` n‡jv- Hw”QK gy`ªv|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  Optional money A_©- Hw”QK gy`ªv|
 †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb KvR-KvMwR gy`ªv cÖPjb|  cÖvBR eÛ GKwU- Hw”QK gy`ªv|
 miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK| 47. mÂq wbf©i K‡i-
 wbKvk Ni ejv nq-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K| i. Av‡qi Ici
 F‡Yi †kl AvkÖq¯j ejv nq-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K| ii. cÖvwšÍK †fvM cÖeYZvi Ici
 gy`ªvùxwZ Gov‡Z †K›`ªxq e¨vsK MÖvnK K‡i-FY wbqš¿Y bxwZ| iii. my‡ì nv‡ii Ici
 miKv‡ii F‡Yi Drm wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
42. ‡KvbwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FYcÎ? K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
K. ‡PK L. e¨vsK †bvU M. †µwWU KvW© N. †WweU KvW© hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  e¨w³ Av‡qi †h Ask †fvM bv K‡i Rgv iv‡L Zv‡K e‡j- mÂq|
 GKwU n¯ÍvšÍi‡hvM¨ `wjj n‡jv-‡PK|  e¨w³ Avq evo‡j-mÂq ev‡o|
 e¨vsK wnmve gy`ªv n‡jv-‡PK|  cÖvwšÍK †fvM cÖeYZvi mv‡_ mÂ‡qi m¤úK©-wecixZgyLx|
 evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FYcÎ n‡jv-‡PK, wej, jf¨vsk, Kzcb|  cÖvwšÍK †fvM cÖeYZv evo‡j mÂ‡qi cwigvY-K‡g|
 g‡°j‡ì cÖ‡qvRb FYcÎ msMÖn ev cÖ`vb K‡i-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|  my‡ì nvi evo‡j mÂ‡qi cwigvY-ev‡o|
 evwYwR¨K e¨vsK MÖvnK‡ì c‡ÿ µq-weµq K‡i-‡kqvi|  my‡ì nv‡ii mv‡_ mÂ‡qi m¤úK©-mggyLx|
 wi‡UBj ev LyPiv B‡jKUªwbK e¨vswKs-Gi RbwcÖq gva¨g-‡µwWU KvW©| 48. wewnZ gy`ªv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
 †jvb KvW© ejv nq-†µwWU KvW©‡K| i. ‡h gy`ªvi wbR¯^ †Kv‡bv g~j¨ †bB
 B‡jKUªwbK dvÛ UªvÝdv‡ii Ab¨Zg GKwU gva¨‡g n‡jv-‡WweU KvW©| ii. hv miKvwi AvBb Øviv cwiPvwjZ
43. X evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ 60,000 UvKv Ges iii. hv mevB MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨
cÖ‡qvRbxq ‣ea wiRvf© 10%| e¨vsKwUi FYm„ó AvgvbZ KZ?
279
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i. abvZ¥K ii. FYvZ¥K iii. wecixZgyLx
K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
 miKvwi AvBb Øviv cwiPvwjZ-wewnZ gy`ªv| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 mevB MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨-wewnZ gy`ªv|  `vg¯Í‡ii mv‡_ gy`ªvi g~‡jï m¤úK© Rvbv hvq-MV=PT mgxKi‡Y|
 wbR¯^ g~j¨ †bB-wewnZ gy`ªvi|  wdkv‡ii mgxKi‡Y `vg¯Íi‡K †evSv‡bv nq-P Øviv|
 wewnZ gy`ªv-2 cÖKvi|  `vg¯Í‡ii †Kv‡bv f~wgKv †bB-wdkv‡ii g‡Z|
 wewnZ gy`ªv cÖPjb K‡i-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK|  `vg¯Í‡ii mv‡_ gy`ªvi g~‡jï m¤úK©-wecixZgyLx|
49. A‡_©i †hvMvb wØ¸Y n‡j-  †Kv‡bv A_©eQ‡i `vg¯Íi wØ¸Y n‡j A‡a©K n‡e-gy`ªvi g~j¨|
i. `vg¯Íi Kg‡e ii. `vg¯Íi evo‡e iii. A‡_©i g~j¨ A‡a©K n‡e  `vg¯Íi A‡a©K n‡j wØ¸Y n‡e-A‡_©i g~j¨|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 54. A_©‣bwZK g›`vi mgq FY wbqš¿‡Y ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK-
K. i L. ii M. i I iii N. ii I iii i. e¨vsK nvi I my‡ì nvi n«vm K‡i
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! ii. FYcÎ µq K‡i
 A‡_©i †hvMvb wØ¸Y n‡j `vg¯Íi-wØ¸Y n‡e| iii. bM` Rgvi nvi evwo‡q †`q
 A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi mv‡_ `vg¯Í‡ii m¤úK©-mggyLx| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi mv‡_ `vg¯Íi ev‡o ev K‡g-mgnv‡i| K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
 `vg¯Í‡ii mv‡_ A‡_©i g~‡jï m¤úK©-wecixZgyLx| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 `vg¯Íi evo‡j A‡_©i g~j¨-K‡g|  gy`ªv evRvi Ges gy`ªvbxwZi GK wbqš¿K-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
 `vg¯Íi wØ¸Y n‡j A‡_©i g~j¨-A‡a©K n‡e|  evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki my‡ì nvi n«vm †c‡j e„w× cvq-F‡Yi Pvwn`v|
50. FY wbqš¿‡Yi nvwZqvi¸‡jv n‡jv-  bM` Rgvi nvi evov‡j-FY cÖ`vb ÿgZv K‡g|
i. e¨vsK nv‡ii cwieZ©b 55. AbjvBb e¨vswKs n‡jv-
ii. ‡LvjvevRvi bxwZi cwieZ©b i. wbR Kg©¯‡j e‡m B›Uvi‡bU eënvi K‡i GKvD›U †PK Kiv
iii. bM` Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b ii. GKwU e¨vs‡Ki ‡h †Kv‡bv kvLvq †jb‡`b Kiv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iii. SzuwKi g‡a¨ bv †_‡K wnmve cwiPvjbv Kiv
K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
 FY wbqš¿‡Yi c×wZ ev nvwZqvi-2 cÖKvi| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 FY wbqš¿‡Yi cwigvYMZ nvwZqvi-3 wU|  B›Uvi‡b‡Ui gva¨‡g m¤úbœ nq-AbjvBb e¨vswKs|
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †LvjvevRv‡i FYcÎ, eÛ, mÂqcÎ µq-weµq‡K  AbjvBb e¨vswKs MÖvnK‡K †h‡Kv‡bv mgq cÖ`vb K‡i- Z_¨|
e‡j-‡LvjvevRvi bxwZ|  AbjvBb e¨vswKs †mev MÖn‡Y MÖvn‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb-AvBwW I cvmIqvW©|
 evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †h wbw`©ó Ask †K›`ªxq Ask Rgv iv‡L Zv‡K e‡j-  AbjvBb †mev MÖnY Kiv hvq-N‡i e‡mB|
bM` Rgvi nvi|  DÏxcKwU co Ges 56 I 57 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
51. e¨vsK FY wbqš¿Y K‡i- MV = PT
i. e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©b K‡i GLv‡b, V = 5, P = 50, T= 10
ii. bM` Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b K‡i 56. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K M= ?
iii. miKvwi FYcÎ µq-weµq K‡i K. 50 L. 100 M. 250 N. 500
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii PT
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  wdkv‡ii m~‡Î, M 
V
 mÂqcÎ µq-weµq K‡i-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK|  wdkv‡ii m~‡Î M n‡jv-wewnZ A‡_©i cwigvY|
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK mÂqcÎ µq-weµq K‡i-RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q †_‡K|
MV
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK mÂqcÎ µq-weµq K‡i-FY wbqš¿‡Yii Rb¨|  wdkv‡ii m~‡Î, P 
52. A‡_©i †hvMvb wØ¸Y n‡j- T
i. `vg¯Íi wØ¸Y n‡e  wdkv‡ii m~‡Î V n‡jv-A‡_© cÖPjb BZ¨vw`|
ii. `vg¯Íi Pvi¸Y n‡e 57. DÏxc‡K-
iii. A‡_©i g~j¨ A‡a©K n‡e i. wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY †`Lv‡bv nq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii. wdkviZ¡ 0.02
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii iii. P = 1000 n‡j Vm wØ¸Y evo‡e
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
 RbM‡Yi nv‡Zi gy`ªv‡K e‡j-A‡_©i †hvMvb| K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
 A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi Dcv`vb-3wU|  DÏxcKwU co Ges 58 I 59 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
 †`k RbM‡Yi nv‡Zi gy`ªvi eëüZ nq-e„nËi A‡_©| AvRv` mv‡ne Ggb GKwU Zdwmjfz³ e¨vs‡K KvR K‡ib †hwU A_© I
 A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi mv‡_ `vg¯Í‡ii m¤úK©-mggyLx| g~ja‡bi g‡a¨ ga¨¯ZvKvix eëmvwqK cÖwZôvb| GB e¨vs‡Ki g~j
 A‡_©i †hvMvb wØ¸Y n‡j A‡_©i g~j¨ nq-A‡a©K| D‡Ïk¨ gybvdv AR©b|
 A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi mv‡_ A‡_©i g~‡jï m¤úK©-wecixZgyLx|
53. `vg¯Í‡ii mv‡_ gy`ªvi g~‡jï m¤úK©-
58. DÏxc‡K AvRv` mv‡ne †h e¨vs‡K KvR K‡ib †mwU-
280
K. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK L. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK  RbM‡Yi UvKv Rgv †i‡L eQi †k‡l my` cÖ`vb K‡i- evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
M. MÖvgxY e¨vsK N. Kg©ms¯vb e¨vsK  we‡kl D‡Ïk¨mva‡bi j‡ÿ¨ M‡o IVv e¨vsK‡K e‡j- we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  AvgvbZ Rgv iv‡L- evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
 †h e¨vsK¸‡jv 1972, evsjv‡`k e¨vsK AvB‡bi Aax‡b cwiPvwjZ 64. DÏxcKwU e¨vsKwUi KvR n‡jv-
Zv‡K e‡j-Zdwmjfz³ e¨vsK| i. FY`vb Kiv
 evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv-Zdwmjfz³| ii. AvgvbZ MÖnY Kiv
 AvZ¥Kg©ms¯vb m„wó‡Z mnvqZv K‡i-Kg©ms¯v‡bi e¨vsK| iii. wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„wó Kiv
59. D³ e¨vs‡Ki KvR- wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i. ‣e‡`wkK wewbg‡q mnvqZv Kiv K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
ii. wewbgq wej evÆvKiY hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
iii. g~jëvb Aj¼vi jKv‡i ivLv  RbMY‡K FY †`q-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?  RbM‡Yi g~jëvb Aj¼vi jKv‡i Rgv iv‡L-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii  RbM‡Yi Ae‡jLK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  DÏxcKwU co Ges 65 I 66 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt
 •e‡`wkK wewbg‡q mvnvh¨ K‡i-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK| ‡mwjbv †eMg GKwU myMvi †÷v‡i •`wbK gRywi‡Z KvR K‡ib| wZwb
 wewbgq wej evÆvKi‡Y KvR K‡i-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK| GKwU mÂqx wnmve †Lvjvi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K ‡M‡jb| wKš‧
 DÏxcKwU co Ges 60 I 61 bs cÖ‡kœi DËii `vI: †mLv‡b wZwb wnmve Lyj‡Z cvi‡jb bv|
‡Ìqv Av‡Q, M = 500,V = 2, P= 25 65. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †mwjbv ‡eM‡gi mÂqx wnmve Lyj‡Z bv cvivi
60. T = ? KviY †KvbwU?
K. 100 L. 40 M. 10,000 N. 2,50,000 K. RbM‡Yi mv‡_ †jb‡`b †bB L. Avgvb‡Zi UvKv Kg
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! M. gwnjv wnmveavix N. cÖ‡qvRbxq KvMRcÎ bv _vKv
 wdkvi mgxKi‡Y, T n‡jv-gy`ªvi gva¨‡g †jb‡`bK…Z †mevi cwigvY| hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
MV  RbM‡Yi mv‡_ †jb‡`b K‡i bv-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
 wdkvi mgxKiY, T   ÿz`ª ÿz`ª mÂq †h AvgvbZ wnmv‡ei gva¨‡g Kiv nq Zv‡K e‡j-
P mÂqx AvgvbZ|
 The Purchasing power of Money- MÖ‡š cÖKvwkZ nq-  †Kv‡bv AvgvbZ MÖnY I FY m„wó K‡i bv- †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
gy`ªvi cwigvY ZË¡| 66. evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡Z DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwUi Ae`vb n‡”Q-
61. DÏxcK †_‡K cÖvß †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY I A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ mwVK i. AvgvbZ msMÖn
†i‡L A_© mieivn wØ¸Y Ki‡j-
ii. gy`ªvi gvb wbqš¿Y
i. A‡_©i g~j¨ wØ¸Y n‡e
iii. A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb mvab
ii.`vg¯Íi 50
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
iii. ‡iLv Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
K. i I ii L. ii I iii M. i I iii N. i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii  gy`ªvi gvb wbqš¿Y K‡i- †K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!  miKvi‡K civgk© `vb K‡i -‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
 wdkvi mgxKiY, gy`ªv cwigv‡ci mv‡_ gy`ªvi g~‡jï m¤úK© Kx?
 gvwb jÛvwis cÖwZ‡iva K‡i-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
 wdkvi mgxKi‡Y Vm ‡iLv-Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx|
 DÏxcKwU co Ges 67 I 68 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
1 wg. ‘K’ ‡h cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ †mwU Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki `yw`©‡b FY`v‡bi
 wdkvi mgxKiY- Vm 
p †kl AvkÖq¯j wnmve KvR K‡i| wKš‧ cÖwZôvbwU RbM‡Yi mv‡_
 DÏxcKwU co Ges 62 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt mivmwi †jb‡`b K‡i bv|
PT= MV =M ‘V’ 67. DÏxc‡K †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?
(GLv‡b M = 100,V = 5, T= 10,V5 I M= 100) K. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK L. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
62. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯Íi (P) KZ? M. wkí e¨vsK N. wewbgq e¨vsK
K. 100 L. 60 M. 50 N. 40 hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
hv bv Rvbv‡j bq!!!  evwYwR¨K e¨vsK FY MÖnY K‡i-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK †_‡K|
MV  evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki †kl AvkÖq¯vb-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
 `vg¯Íi Q   †K›`ªxq e¨vsK mivmwi †jb‡`b K‡i bv-RbM‡Yi mv‡_|
T
 gy`ªvi †hvMvb evo‡j `vg¯Íi-ev‡o| 68. DÏxc‡K e¨vsKwU KvR n‡jv-
 gy`ªvi †hvMvb Kg‡j `vg¯Íi-K‡g| i. AvgvbZ MÖnY Kiv ii. ‡bvU Bmy¨ Kiv iii. FY wbqš¿Y Kiv
 DÏxcKwU co Ges 63 I 64 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
GKRb e¨w³ cÖwZgv‡m 5,000 UvKv e¨vs‡K Rgv iv‡Lb| eQi †k‡l
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii
†gvU RgvK…Z UvKvi mv‡_ e¨vsK AwZwi³ UvKv Zvi wnmv‡e Rgv K‡i|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
63. DÏxc‡K e¨vsKwU †Kvb ai‡bi?  miKv‡ii civgk©`vZv-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
 gy`ªvùxwZ I gy`ªv ms‡KvPb wbqš¿Y K‡i-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
M. wek¦ e¨vsK N. we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK
 miKv‡ii e¨vsK e‡j L¨vZ- †K›`ªxq e¨vK|
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!!
 wek¦ e¨vsK GKwU-AvšÍRv©wZK cÖwZôvb|  evwYR¨ Pµ cÖwZ‡iva K‡i-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK|
281
 DÏxcKwU co Ges 69 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt  FY AvgvbZ m„wó K‡i-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK|
hw` GKwU A_©bxwZ‡Z M = 400, V= 10, M= 800, V = 10  wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„wó K‡i- mvgvwRK e¨vsK|
Ges T= 1000 nq-  †PK,e¨vsK WªvdU KvR K‡i- wewbg‡qi gva¨g wn‡m‡e|
69. `vg¯Íi wbY©q K‡iv: DËicÎ 1.K 2.K 3.K
K. 6 L. 8 M. 10 N. 12 4.K 5.M 6.N 7.N 8.N
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 9.M 10.N 11.K 12.L 13.L
 `vg¯Íi wbY©‡qi m~Î n‡jv-MV=PT| 14.L 15.L 16.L 17.K 18.K
 wdkv‡ii mgxKi‡Y `vg¯Íi n‡jv-P| 19.K 20.L 21.M 22.N 23.M
 A‡_©i cwigv‡Yi mv‡_ `vg¯Í‡i m¤úK©-mgvbycvwZK 24.K 25.M 26.M 27.M 28.M
 `vg¯Íi wØ¸Y n‡j A‡a©K n‡e-A‡_©i g~j¨| 29.M 30.K 31.K 32.K 33.K
 `vg¯Íi A‡a©K n‡e hw` A‡_©i cwigvY nq- A‡a©K| 34.N 35.M 36.L 37.M 38.L
 DÏxcKwU co Ges 70 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 39.M 40.L 41.L 42.K 43.K
ivqnvb GKRb wiKkvPvjK| †m Zvi cÖwZw`‡bi Avq †_‡K wKQz UvKv
44.N 45.M 46.N 47.N 48.N
Rgv Ki‡Z Pvq| G UvKv Rvgv ivLvi Rb¨ †m GKwU e¨vs‡K hvq|
†mLv‡b †m Rvb‡Z cv‡i ‡h, D³ e¨vsK †Kvb e¨w³i UvKv Rgv iv‡L 49.N 50.N 51.N 52.L 53.M
bv, Ab¨vb e¨vs‡Ki UvKv Rgv iv‡L| Zvici †m Aci GKwU e¨vs‡K 54.K 55.K 56.L 57.K 58.L
†M‡j, †mLv‡b GKwU wnmve Lyj‡Z cv‡i| 59.N 60.L 61.M 62.K 63.K
70. ivqnvb cÖ_g ‡h e¨vs‡K hvq GKwU †mwU †Kvb e¨vsK? 64.N 65.K 66.L 67.K 68.M
K. †K›`ªxq L. evwYwR¨K M. K…wl N. MÖvgxY 69.L 70.K 71.M 72.K 73.N
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! Abykxjbx cvV-2
 miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK| 1| gy`ªvùxwZi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mZ¨?
 F‡Yi †kl AvkÖq¯j wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK| K) gy`ªvi †hvMvb n«vm cvq L) `vg ¯Íi n«vm cvq
 †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K ejv nq-gy`ªv evRv‡ii AwffveK| M) A‡_©i g~j¨ n«vm cvq N) A‡_©i g~j¨ e„w× cvq
 evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb KvR n‡jv- AvgvbZ MÖnY| 2| Aviwfs wdkv‡ii Z‡Ë¡, A‡_©i Pvwn`v †KvbwU?
 we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK n‡jv- evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK| K) MV L) PT M) M N) T
 ÿz`ª FY`vbKvix ms¯v n‡jv-MÖvgxY e¨vsK| 3| Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v AcwiewZ©Z †i‡L A_© mieivn ( M ) wØ¸Y n‡j
71. ivqnvb jvfevb n‡Z cv‡i †h wnmv‡e A_© Rgv ‡i‡L- †KvbwU NU‡e?
i. PjwZ ii. mÂqx iii. ¯vqx K) gy`ªv ms‡KvPb n‡e L) `vg¯Íi wØ¸Y n‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M) A‡_©i g~j¨ evo‡e N) A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ Kg‡e
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 4| wb‡Pi †KvbwU Amxg wewnZ gy`ªv?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! K) 1 UvKvi avZe gy`ªv L) 2 UvKvi avZe gy`ªv
 evwYwR¨K e¨vsK AvgvbZ MÖnY K‡i-3 ai‡bi| M) 5 UvKvi avZe gy`ªv N) 5 UvKvi KvMwR gy`ªv
 PvwnevgvÎ MÖvnK‡K UvKv †diZ w`‡Z nq-PjwZ Avgvb‡Zi †ÿ‡Î| 5| gy`ªvi cÖavb KvR Kx?
 my` cÖ`vb Kiv nq bv-PjwZ Avgvb‡Z| K) g~‡jï cwigvcK L) mÂ‡qi evnK
 mÂqx Avgvb‡Zi A_© mßv‡n †Zvjv hvq- GKw`b ev `yw`b| M) wewbg‡qi gva¨g N) F‡Yi wfwË
 my‡ì nvi me‡P‡q †ewk-¯vqx Avgvb‡Z| 6| A‡_©i cwigvY (M) =2000,A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ (V) = 10,
 DÏxcKwU co Ges 72 I 73 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIt ‡jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 20n‡j `vg¯Íi (P) = ?
Kwig mv‡ne cÖwZ gv‡m 2,000 UvKv e¨vs‡K Rgv iv‡Lb| eQi †k‡l †gvU
K) 50 L) 100 M) 500 N) 1000
RgvK…Z UvKvi mv‡_ e¨vsK AwZwi³ UvKv Zvi wnmv‡e Rgv K‡i|
7| wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY †KvbwU?
72. e¨vsKwU †Kvb ai‡bi?
K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK K) MT  VP L) MV  PT
M. wek¦e¨vsK N. we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK M) MP  VT N) M  VPT
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! 8| evowZ jv‡fi cÖZ¨vkvq gvby‡li gy`ªv‡K nv‡Z a‡i ivLvi cÖeYZv‡K
 evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki g~j¨ D‡Ïk¨-gybvdv AR©b Kiv| gy`ªvi Kx ai‡bi Pvwn`v e‡j?
 wbKvkNi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK| K) †jb‡`bRwbZ Pvwn`v L) mZKZ©vg~jK Pvwn`v
 ¯^í‡gqvw` F‡Yi eëmvqx-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK| M) dUKv Pvwn`v N) AvgvbZ Pvwn`v
 evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K ejv nq-A_© I g~ja‡bi Kvievwi| 9| " Money is what money does" A‡_©i G msÁvwU †K
 Ab¨vb¨ Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡bi Kvh©vewj wbqš¿Y K‡i-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK| w`‡q‡Qb?
 Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jvi Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Û FY cÖ`vb K‡i-wek¦e¨vsK| K) Gd. G. IqvKvi L) †R. Gg. †KBÝ
 MÖvgxY e¨vsK n‡jv-we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK| M) wR. µvD_vi N) wW. GBP. ievU©mb
73. DÏxc‡Ki e¨vsKwUi KvR n‡jv- 10| wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY: MV  PT GLv‡b MV Øviv Kx †evSvq?
i. FY`vb Kiv ii. AvgvbZ MÖnY Kiv iii. wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g m„wó K) A‡_©i †hvMvb L) A‡_©i Pvwn`v
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M) `vg¯Íi N) A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ
K. i I ii L. i I iii M. ii I iii N. i, ii I iii 11| Hw”QK gy`ªv †KvbwU?
hv bv Rvb‡jB bq!!! K) 10 UvKvi †bvU L) 200 UvKvi †bvU
 evwYwR¨K e¨vsK gybvdvi Rb¨ AvgvbZK…Z A_©-FY wn‡m‡e cÖ`vb K‡i| M) mÂqcÎ N) 500 UvKvi †bvU
 evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb KvR n‡jv-AvgvbZ MÖnY| 12| A_© mieiv‡ni cÖavb Dcv`vb KqwU?

282
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5 N) ißvwb w¯i, Avg`vwb K‡g
13| wewnZ gy`ªv KZ cÖKvi? 29| M  1000 , V  5 I T  10 n‡j P  ?
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5 K) 1000 L) 150 M) 450 N) 500
14| A‡_©i g~j¨ ej‡Z †evSvqÑ 30| GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q †`‡ki RbMY †h cwigvY bM` gy`ªv nv‡Z a‡i
K) `vg wbav©i‡Yi ÿgZv L) µq Kivi ÿgZv ivL‡Z Pvq Zv‡K e‡jÑ
M) †fvM Kivi ÿgZv N) Avq Kivi ÿgZv K) wewnZ gy`ªv L) PjwZ AvgvbZ
15| wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKi‡Y V Øviv †evSv‡bv nqÑ M) A‡_©i †hvMvb N) A‡_©i Pvwn`v
K) `ª‡eï cwigvY L) `ª‡eï `vg 31| wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖvq gy`ªv bq?
M) A‡_©i cwigvY N) A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ K) FYcÎ L) cÖvBReÛ
16| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv? M) wewbgq wej N) 100 UvKvi †bvU
K) 2 UvKvi †bvU L) 10 UvKvi 32| ‡Ìqv Av‡Q, V  5, P  50, T  10 wdkv‡ii wewbgq
†bvU mgxKiY Abymv‡i M Gi gvb KZ?
M) 20 UvKvi †bvU N) 50 UvKvi †bvU K) 50 L) 100 M) 250 N) 500
17| GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q †`‡ki RbMY †h cwigvY bM` gy`ªv nv‡Z a‡i 33| gy`ªvi †hvMvb m„wóKvix Dcv`vb †KvbwU?
ivL‡Z Pvq Zv‡K e‡jÑ K) e¨w³ L) miKvi M) e¨vsK N) wewb‡qvMKvix cÖwZôvb
K) wewnZ gy`ªv L) PjwZ AvgvbZ 34| ‡Kvb ai‡bi gy`ªvi wbR¯^ g~j¨ †bB?
M) A‡_©i †hvMvb N) A‡_©i Pvwn`v K) cÖZxK gy`ªv L) KvMwR gy`ªv M) Hw”QK gy`ªv N) cÖvgvwYK gy`ªv
18| ‡Kv‡bv A_©bxwZ‡Z 35| M  2000 , V  2, T  10 n‡j P  KZ?
M  100 , V  10, M1  50, V1  10, T  20 | `vg¯Íi KZ? K) 300 L) 350 M) 400 N) 450
K) 25 L) 50 M) 75 N) 100 36| ÔA_© hv K‡i ZvB A_©Õ GwU Kvi Dw³?
19| miKvwi †bvU †KvbwU? K) A_©bxwZwe` IqvKvi L) ievU©mb
K) 2 UvKv L) 5 UvKv M) 10 UvKv N) 20 UvKv M) †R. Gg. †KBÝ N) Aa¨vcK gvk©vj
20| ' The General Theory of Employment, Interest and 37| GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY gy`ªv Øviv †h cwigvY `ªe¨ I †mev µq Kiv
Money' - eBwUi †jLK †K? m¤¢e nq Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
K) A¨vWvg w¯§_ L) †R. Gg. †KBÝ K) gy`ªvi g~j¨ L) Zvi‡jï gvb
M) Gj. iweÝ N) Kvj© gvK©m M) gy`ªvi g~j¨ cwieZ©b M) mÂ‡qi evnb
21| gy`ªvi †hvMvb n«vm †c‡j Kx N‡U? 38| gy`ªvi †hvMvb m„wóKvix Dcv`vb ‡KvbwU?
K) `vg¯Íi e„w× cvq L) A‡_©i g~j¨ n«vm cvq K) e¨w³ L) miKvi
M) A‡_©i Pvwn`v n«vm cvq N) A‡_©i g~j¨ e„w× cvq M) e¨vsK N) wewb‡qvMKvix cÖwZôvb
22| ‡KvbwU gy`ªvi Pvwn`v m„wóKvix Dcv`vb? 39| ' M ' Øviv †KvbwU cÖKvk Kiv nq?
K) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L) wegv K) wewnZ gy`ªv L) FYcÎ
†Kv¤úvwb M) A‡_©i †hvMvb N) A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ
M) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK N) we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK 40| A_© Avwe®‥vi nIqvi Av‡M gvbyl Kx KiZ?
23| A‡_©i g~j¨ Vm  wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Ici wbf©ikxj? K) `ª‡eï cÖZ¨ÿ †jb‡`b KiZ L) `ª‡eï c‡ivÿ †jb‡ì KiZ
K) gRywi ¯Íi L) Avq ¯Íi M) `vg ¯Íi N) Drcv`b ¯Íi M) ¯^‡Y©i gva¨‡g †jb‡`b KiZ N) †jb‡`b KiZ bv
24| gy`ªvi Pvwn`v n‡jvÑ 41| eëmvqx †KvbwUi wewbg‡q `ªe¨ wewµ K‡i?
K) gy`ªv L) KvMR M) eÛ N) FYcÎ
K) `vg¯Íi ( P)  gy`ªvi cwigvY M 
42| wb‡Pi †KvbwU gvby‡li AvKvw•ÿZ e¯‧ cvIqvq mvnvh¨ K‡i?
L) gy`ªvi cwigvY M   A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ V  K) e¨vsK L) wegv M) gy`ªv N) Drcv`K
M) A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ V   ‡jb‡`‡bi cwigvY T  43| wb‡Pi †KvbwU wewbg‡qi gva¨g?
N) `vg¯Íi ( P)  †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY T 
K) gy`ªv L) cÖwZkÖæwZ M) `ªe¨ M) cY¨
44| Ô`ª‡eï g~j¨ cwi‡kva A_ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kvh©Kjvc Ki‡Z wM‡q hv
25| gy`ªvi g~j¨ Vm  cÖavbZ wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Ici wbf©ikxj? MÖnY‡hvM¨ ZvB n‡jv gy`ªv|Õ msÁvwU †K w`‡q‡Qb?
K) `vg L) Avq M) mÂq N) AvgvbZ K) gvk©vj L) cviwKb M) ievU©mb N) w¯§_
26| gy`ªvi †hvMvb e„w× †c‡j- 45| wb‡Pi †KvbwU gy`ªvi •ewkó¨ bq?
K) g~j¨ ¯Íi n«vm cvq L) A‡_©i g~j¨ e„w× cvq K) gy`ªv me©RbMÖvn¨ L) mÂ‡qi evnb
M) A‡_©i g~j¨ n«vm cvq N) A‡_©i Pvwn`v n«vm cvq M) wewbg‡qi gva¨g N) ¯vbvšÍi‡hvM¨ bq
27| ‡R. Gj Mvwj©i g‡Z A_© mieiv‡ni Dcv`vb wb‡Pi †KvbwU? 46| A‡_©i †g․wjK KvR KqwU?
K) Ms  DD  Cu  TD K) 4 K) 5 M) 6 N) 7
L) Ms  DD  TD 47| c~‡e© GKRb †jvK Zvi m¤ú‡ì D×…Ë mÂq Ki‡Z PvB‡j wK‡mi
M) Ms  DD  Cu AvKv‡i mÂq Ki‡Z n‡Zv?
N) Ms  DD  Cu  TD  ma K) `ª‡eï L) A‡_©i M) e‡Ûi N) e¨vs‡Ki
28| gy`ªvùxwZ‡Z Avg`vwb I ißvwbi cwigv‡Y Kx cwieZ©b N‡U? 48| Drcv`‡bi †gvU Avq wK‡mi Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq?
K) Avg`vwb K‡g, ißvwb ev‡o K) `ª‡eï gva¨‡g L) †P‡Ki gva¨‡g
L) Avg`vwb I ißvwb AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K M) gy`ªvi gva¨‡g N) g~jëvb avZzi gva¨‡g
M) Avg`vwb ev‡o, ißvwb K‡g 49| wb‡Pi †KvbwU gy`ªvi †hvMv‡bi Dcv`v‡bi cÖKvi‡f` bq?

283
K) wewnZ gy`ªv L) Pvwn`v AvgvbZ K) i L) ii M) i I ii N) ii I iii
M) cÖvq gy`ªv N) A‡a©K gy`ªv 70| Hw”QK gy`ªv n‡jvÑ
50| ‡hme gy`ªv †`‡ki miKvwi Av‡`k Abymv‡i RbmvaviY Av`vb- i) †PK ii) e¨vsK WªvdU iii) mÂqcÎ
cÖ`v‡b eva¨ _v‡K ZvB n‡jvÑ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) wewnZ gy`ªv L) cÖvq gy`ªv M) Pvwn`v AvgvbZ N) miKvwi gy`ªv K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
51| ‡Kvb gy`ªv MÖn‡Y Abxnv cÖKvk Ki‡j ivóªxq AvB‡b `Û n‡Z cv‡i? 71| wdkv‡ii g‡Z A‡_©i †hvMvb wØ¸Y n‡jÑ
K) cÖvq gy`ªv L) Pvwn`v AvgvbZ M) wewnZ gy`ªv N) meKqwU i) A‡_©i g~j¨ A‡a©K n‡e
52| wb‡Pi †KvbwU evsjv‡`‡k mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv? ii) `ª‡eï g~j¨ wØ¸Y
K) 1 UvKv L) 500 UvKv M) 1000 UvKv N) 100 UvKv iii) A‡_©i MwZ evo‡e
53| cªvq gy`ªvi GKwU Ab¨Zg gva¨g Kx? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) †PK L) A_© M) UvKv N) Wjvi K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
54| wb‡Pi †KvbwU cÖvq gy`ªv bq? 72| `vg¯Í‡ii mv‡_ gy`ªvi g~‡jï m¤úK© Kxiƒc?
K) FYcÎ L) cÖvBR eÛ M) wewbgq wej N) 100 UvKvi †bvU
i) abvZ¥K ii) FYvZ¥K iii) wecixZgyLx
55| gy`ªv Øviv hv µq Kiv nq ZvB gy`ªvi Kx?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) g~j¨ L) Pvwn`v M) †hvMvb N) meKqwU
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
56| Ògy`ªvi wbw`©ó GK‡Ki wewbg‡q mvaviYfv‡e †h cwigvY `ªe¨ mvgMÖx I
73| miKvi KZ…©K cÖPwjZ wewnZ gy`ªv n‡jvÑ
‡mevKg© cvIqv hvq Zv‡K gy`ªvi g~j¨ ejv nq|Ó - Dw³wU Kvi?
K) ievU©mb L) †K›U M) GÛvimb N) w¯§_ i) avZe gy`ªv ii) KvMwR †bvU iii) †PK I cÖvBR eÛ
57| gy`ªvi g~‡jï m~Î †KvbwU? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
1 1 2 2
K) V  L) P  M) V  N) P  74| gy`ªvi †hvMv‡bi Dcv`vb n‡jvÑ
P V P V i) RbM‡bi nv‡Zi gy`ªv
58| g~j¨¯Íi e„w× †c‡j gy`ªvi g~‡jï Kx nq? ii) e¨vs‡K iwÿZ Pvwn`v AvgvbZ
K) n«vm cvq L) e„w× cvq
iii) e¨vs‡Ki iwÿZ †gqvw` AvgvbZ
M) AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
59| nv‡Z a‡i ivLvi cÖeYZv‡K gy`ªvi Kx ejv nq?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) Pvwn`v L) g~j¨ M) `vg N) cwigvcK
75| Amxg wewnZ gy`ªv n‡jvÑ
60| jW© †KBÝ Gi g‡Z, gvbyl KqwU D‡Ïk¨ bM` gy`ªv nv‡Z ivL‡Z Pvq?
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5 i) 2.00 ii) 20.00 iii) 0.05
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
61| wb‡Pi †KvbwU jW© †KB‡Ýi gy`ªv a‡i ivLvi wZbwU D‡Ï‡kï g‡a¨
c‡o bv? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) †jb‡`b L) mZK©Zvg~jK M) dUKv N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq 76| cÖvq gy`ªv n‡”QÑ
i) wewbgq wej ii) †UªRvwi wej iii) cÖvBR eÛ
62| CU  DD  ?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) MS L) SS M) TD N) SD
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
63| Ògy`ªvi cwigv‡Yi cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡YB g~j¨¯Í‡ii Gi wKiƒc cwieZ©b
77| ‡KBÝ- Gi g‡Z, bM` gy`ªv nv‡Z ivLvi D‡Ïk¨Ñ
N‡U|Ó GwU †Kvb Z‡Ë¡i e¨vL¨v?
K) gy`ªvi cwigvY ZË¡ L) gy`ªvi cwieZ©b ZË¡ i) †jb‡`b ii) mZK©Zvg~jK iii) dUKv
M) g~j¨¯Íi ZË¡ N) gy`ªvi wewbgq ZË¡ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
64| gy`ªvi cwigvY wØ¸Y n‡j g~j¨¯Í‡ii Gi wKiƒc cwieZ©b nq? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) wØ¸Y L) GK ¸Y ** DÏxcKwU c‡o 78 I 79bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
M) w¯i _v‡K N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq MV  PT
65| e¨vsK m„ó FY c‡Îi cwigvY n«vm †c‡j g~j¨¯Í‡ii Kxiƒc cwieZ©b nq? GLv‡b, V  5, P =50, T  10.
K) e„w× cvq L) wØ¸Y nq M) n«vm cvq N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq 78| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K M  ?
66| evwYR¨P‡µ g›`vfve †`Lv w`‡j gy`ªvi cwigvY n«vm †c‡jI `vg¯Í‡ii K) 50 L) 100 M) 250 N) 500
†Kgb cwieZ©b nq? 79| DÏxc‡K-
K) e„w× †c‡j L) n«vm cvq M) w¯i _v‡K N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq i) wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q
67| wb‡Pi †KvbwUi Kvi‡Y `vg¯Í‡ii e„w× mvab nq? ii) A‡_©i g~j¨ 0.02
K) RbmsL¨v e„w× L) mvgvwRK ghv©`v iii) P  100 n‡j Vm wØ¸Y evo‡e
M) Av‡qi e„w× N) Drcv`b e¨q e„w× wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
68| gy`ªvi KvR n‡jvÑ
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
i) wewbg‡qi gva¨g ii) g~‡jï cwigvcK iii) mÂ‡qi evnb ** wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 80bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
PT  MV  MV
K) i L) ii M) iii N) i, ii I iii
(GLv‡b M  100, V  5, T  10, V = 5 I M  100)
69| A‡_©i †hvMvb wØ¸Y n‡jÑ
i) `vg ¯Íi Kg‡e 80| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯Íi P  KZ?
ii) `vg ¯Íi evo‡e K) 100 L) 60 M) 50 N) 40
iii) A‡_©i g~j¨ A‡a©K n‡e ** DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 81 I 82bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
284
‡Kv‡bv A_©bxwZ‡Z M  200, V  5, M  200, V  5, 96| ‡Kvb e¨vsK gy`ªv cÖPjb K‡i?
T  500| K) †mvbvwj e¨vsK wjt L) RbZv e¨vsK wjt
81| H A_©bxwZ‡Z `vg¯Íi KZ? M) AMÖYx e¨vsK wjt N) evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
K) 16 L) 8 M) 4 N) 2 97| AvšÍte¨vsK †`bv-cvIbv m¤úbœ K‡i wb‡Pi †Kvb e¨vsK?
82| H A_©bxwZ‡Z A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ I †jb‡`‡bi cwigvc w¯i †_‡K K) we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK L) we‡`wk e¨vsK
A‡_©i cwigvY wØ¸Y n‡j- M) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK N) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
i) A‡_©i g~j¨ n‡e .25 98| ‡KvbwU ¸YMZ FY wbqš¿Y c×wZ?
ii) `vg¯Íi wØ¸Y n‡e K) F‡Yi †ikwbs L) †Lvjv
evRvibxwZ
iii) Vm ‡iLv wb¤œMvgx n‡e
M) e¨vsK Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b N) e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©b
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 99| ‡Kvb e¨vsK‡K mKj e¨vs‡Ki AwffveK ejv nq?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) evwYwR¨K L) †K›`ªxq M) we‡klvwqZ N) †gvevBj
** wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 83 I 84bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 100| evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡jvÑ
evwà †`vKvb †_‡K 2wU wm½viv wK‡b †`vKvb`vi‡K GKwU 20 UvKvi K) gybvdv AR©b Kiv L) RbKj¨vY Kiv
†bvU w`j| †`vKvb`vi Zv‡K 10 UvKv Ges `yB UvKvi `ywU †bvU M) bZzb †bvU Qvcv‡bv N) AvgvbZ msMÖn Kiv
†diZ w`j|
101| CSR K_vwUi c~Y©iƒc Kx?
83| KvMwR gy`ªv cÖPwjZ nq-
K) Corporate Social Response
K) miKvi KZ…©K L) ivóªcwZ KZ…©K
L) Corporate Social Responsibility
M) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ…©K N) e¨vsK g¨v‡bRvi KZ…©K
84| evwài 20 UvKvi †bvUwUi mv‡_ †Kvb gy`ªvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q? M) Corporate Security Response
K) mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv L) cwiPvwjZ gy`ªv N) Corporate Social Range
M) Amxg wewnZ gy`ªv N) mnKvix gy`ªv 102| cwigvYMZ FY wbqš¿Y c×wZ Kvi Dci cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i?
K) FY `vZv L) FY MÖnxZv M) Ki`vZv N) KiMÖnxZv
e¨vsK
85| ‡bvU cÖPj‡bi GKK AwaKvi †fvM K‡i †Kvb e¨vsK? 103|‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR †KvbwU?
K) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L) we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK K) FY m„wó L) FY wbqš¿Y
M) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK N) we‡`kx e¨vsK M) AvgvbZ MÖnb N) I‡qR Avbvi w¯‥g
86| evsjv‡`‡ki wbKvkNi †KvbwU? 104|cÖ‡Z¨K †`‡ki A_©eë¯v‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i †Kvb e¨vsK?
K) RbZv e¨vsK L) evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK K) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L) †mvbvjx e¨vsK
M) MÖvgxY e¨vsK N) evsjv‡`k e¨vsK M) Bmjvwg e¨vsK N) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
87| ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb KvR Kx? 105|ÔwbKvk NiÕ ejv nq †Kvb e¨vsK‡K?
K) gy`ªv I †bvU cÖPjb L) wewbgq wbqš¿Y K) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L) †mvbvjx e¨vsK
M) FY wbqš¿Y N) wnmve msiÿY M) Bmjvwg e¨vsK N) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
88| wb‡Pi †KvbwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? 106|‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK gy`ªveë¯v I e¨vsK eë¯v‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i| Gi
K) †bvU Bmy¨ L) AvgvbZ msMÖn †h․w³K KviY †KvbwU?
M) FY wbqš¿Y N) wnmve msiÿY K) gybvdv wbqš¿Y L) `vg ¯Íi wbqš¿Y
89| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †Kvb Avgvb‡Z Ici my` †`q bv? M) A‡_©i †hvMvb wbqš¿Y N) µqÿgZv wbqš¿Y
K) PjwZ AvgvbZ L) mÂqx AvgvbZ 107|Kxfv‡e FY MÖn‡Yi e¨q K‡g hvq?
M) ¯vqx AvgvbZ N) †gqvw` AvgvbZ K) e¨vsK nvi e„w× Ki‡j L) e¨vsK FY MÖnY Ki‡j
90| evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvRÑ M) e¨vsK nvi n«vm Ki‡j N) e¨vsK gybvdv e„w× Ki‡j
K) AvgvbZ MÖnY I miKvi‡K civgk© `vb 108|evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †Kvb †gqvw` FY †`q?
L) evwYR¨Pµ †iva I AvgvbZ MÖnY K) ¯^í‡gqvw` L) `xN©‡gqvw`
M) FY m„Rb I wewbgq wej evÆvKiY M) ¯^í I `xN©‡gqvw` N)) †KvbwU bq
N) wewbgq wej evÆvKiY I evwYR¨Pµ †iva 109| evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki bvg Kx?
91| ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK †LvjvevRvi †_‡K FYcÎ µq Ki‡j †`‡kÑ K) e¨vsK Ae evsjv‡`k L) e¨vsjv‡`k e¨vsK
K) gy`ªvùxwZ K‡g L) F‡Yi cwigvY K‡g M) †mvbvjx e¨vsK N) Bmjvgx e¨vsK
M) gy`ªv ms‡KvPb K‡g N) F‡Yi cwigvY w¯i _v‡K 110| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †Kvb †gqvw` KLb cÖ`vb K‡i?
92| ‡KvbwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki FYcÎ? K) ¯^í‡gqvw` L) `xN©‡gqvw` M) DfqB N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
K) †PK L) e¨vsK †bvU M) †µwWU KvW© N) †WweU KvW© 111| wb‡Pi †KvbwU miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i?
K) Bmjvgx e¨vsK L) evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
93| ' X ' evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ 60,000 UvKv Ges
M) †mvbvjx e¨vsK N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
cÖ‡qvRbxq •ea wiRvf© 10%| e¨vsKwUi FYm„ó AvgvbZ KZ?
112| AvšÍR©vwZK evwY‡Rï †`bvcvIbv wb®úwËKvix wn‡m‡e mnvqZv K‡i
K) 6,00,000 UvKv K) 6,000 UvKv
†Kvb e¨vsK?
M) 54,000 UvKv N) 60,000 UvKv
K) K…wl e¨vsK L) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK
94| ‡`‡ki Avw_©K bxwZ cÖYqb K‡i †Kvb e¨vsK?
M) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK N) me¸‡jvB
K) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
113|eënv‡ii A‡hvM¨ †bvUmg~n RbM‡Yi wbKU †_‡K †diZ †bq †Kvb
M) Bmjvwg e¨vsK N) we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK
e¨vsK?
95| ‡KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR bq?
K) mÂqx e¨vsK L) Bmjvgx e¨vsK
K) †bvU cÖPjb L) FY cÖ`vb
M) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
M) miKv‡ii e¨vsKvi N) FY wbqš¿Y
285
114| ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi c×wZ KqwU? 137| Kw¤úDUvi I B›Uvi‡b‡Ui †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vswKs wm‡÷‡g †ewk †`Lv hvq?
K) `ywU L) wZbwU M) PviwU N) cvuPwU K) AbjvBb e¨vswKs L) •e‡`wkK e¨vswKs
115| e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©b †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb ai‡bi FY wbqš¿Y c×wZ? M) mvaviY e¨vswKs wm‡÷g N) me¸‡jv
K) cwigvYMZ L) ¸YMZ M) DfqB N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq 138| ‡gvevBj †dvb‡K e¨vswKs‡qi Kv‡R jvMv‡bv‡K ejv nq-
116| e¨vsK nvi evo‡j wb‡Pi †Kvb Ae¯vi m„wó nq? K) AbjvBb e¨vswKs L) ‡gvevBj e¨vswKs
K) Drcv`b e„w× cvq L) †eKviZ¡ ev‡o M) wMÖb e¨vswKs N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
M) wewb‡qvM ev‡o N) †eKviZ¡ K‡g 139|‡gvevBj e¨vswKs eë¯v‡K mevi Rb¨ Db¥y³ Kiv nq KZ mv‡j?
117| KLb we‡`wkiv †`‡k gy`ªvi †hvMvb †`q? K) 2011 mv‡ji 20 GwcÖj L) 2011 mv‡ji 30 Ryb
K) my‡ì nvi evo‡j L) my‡ì nvi Kg‡j M) 2011 mv‡ji 31 gvP© N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
M) w¯i _vK‡j N) ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq 140| ‡gvevBj e¨vswKs‡qi mKj Z_¨ Kxfv‡e MÖvnK‡K mieivn Kiv nq?
118|Kxfv‡e `ªe¨g~‡jï w¯wZkxjZv iÿv Kiv hvq? K) †g‡mR Gi gva¨‡g L) †dvb Kivi gva¨‡g
K) †Lvjv evRvi bxwZi gva¨‡g L) ißvwb e„w×i gva¨‡g M) Iqv‡i›U Gi gva¨‡g N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
M) FY wbqš¿‡Yi gva¨‡g N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq 141| wb‡Pi †KvbwU evwYwR¨K mKj Z_¨ Kxfv‡e MÖvnK‡K mieivn Kiv nq?
119| ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY wbqš¿Y Ki‡j gv_vwcQz Avq- K) †g‡mR Gi gva¨‡g L) †dvb Kivi gva¨‡g
K) ev‡o L) K‡g M) w¯i _v‡K N) meKqwU M) DfqB N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
120| ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY wbqš¿Y Ki‡j A_©bxwZ-nq? 142| evwYwR¨K e¨vsKs †Kvb †gqvw` FY †`q?
K) Aw¯wZkxj L) w¯wZkxj M) MwZkxj M) †Kv‡bvwUB bq K) ¯^í‡gqvw` L) `xN©‡gqvw` M) DfqB N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
121| XvKvq evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki KqwU kvLv Awdm i‡q‡Q? 143| ‡gvevBj e¨vswKs Gi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU Riæwi?
K) GKwU L) `ywU M) wZbwU N) PviwU i) Kw¤úDUvi ii) †gvevBj †mU iii) wcb‡KvW
122|evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki cwiPvjbv †ev‡W©i kx‡l© _v‡Kb- wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) cÖavbgš¿x L) ivóªcwZ M) Mfb©i N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
123|evsjv`‡k e¨vs‡Ki cÖavb KvR †KvbwU? 144| FY wbqš¿‡Yi nvwZqvi¸‡jv n‡jv-
K) †bvU cÖPjb L) FY`vb M) wewb‡qvM N) meKqwU i) e¨vsK nv‡ii cwieZ©b
124|‡Kvb e¨vsK miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i? ii) †Lvjv evRvi bxwZi cwieZ©b
K) evsjv‡`k e¨vsK L) †mvbvjx e¨vsK iii) bM` Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b
M) RbZv e¨vsK N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
125| ‡Kvb e¨vsK F‡Yi †kl AvkÖq¯j? K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, iii I iii
K) †mvbvjx e¨vsK L) RbZv e¨vsK 145| A_©‣bwZK g›`vi mgq FY wbqš¿‡Y †K›`ªxq e¨vsK-
M) evsjv‡`k e¨vsK N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq i) e¨vsK nvi I my‡ì nvi n«vm K‡i
126|evwYwR¨K e¨vsK-
ii) FYcÎ µq K‡i
K) ¯^í‡gqvw` F‡Yi miKvi L) `xN©‡gqvw` F‡Yi Kvievi
iii) bM` Rgvi nvi evwo‡q †`q
M) DfqB †gqvw` N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
wb‡Pi †KvbwUmwVK?
127| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK MÖvn‡Ki †Kvb wRwbm wbivcËvi mv‡_ msiÿY K‡i?
K) †PK eB L) F‡Yi `wjj M) †kqvi N) meKqwU K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
128| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK wK‡mi Ae‡jLK K‡i _v‡K? 146| AbjvBb e¨vswKs n‡jv-
K) †kqvi L) we‡ji `wjj M) †PK eB N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq i) wbR Kg©¯‡j e‡j B›Uvi‡bU †jb‡`b K‡i GKvD›U ‡PK K‡i
129|e¨vsK FY AvgvbZ Øviv m„wó K‡i? ii) GKwU e¨vs‡Ki †h †Kv‡bv kvLvq †jb‡`b Kiv
K) cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ L) m„ó AvgvbZ iii) SzwuKi g‡a¨ bv †_‡K wnmve cwiPvjbv Kiv
M) DfqB N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
130| wiRv‡f©i nvi evo‡j evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki AvgvbZ e„w×- K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) K‡g L) ev‡o M) w¯i _v‡K N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq 147| ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi cwigvYMZ nvwZqvi n‡jv-
131|evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki AvgvbZ m„wói g~j D‡Ïk¨- i) F‡Yi †ikwbs
K) RbKj¨vY L) gybvdv M) DfqB N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq ii) e¨vsK nv‡ii cwieZ©b bxwZ
132| AbjvBb e¨vswKs‡qi †jb‡`‡bi mgqKvj- iii) †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ
K) Kg L) †ewk M) AwaK N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
133| wb‡Pi †KvbwU AbjvBb e¨vswKs‡qi dmj? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) GwUGg ey_ L) †PK eB M) wW‡eÄvi N) meKqwU

134| AbjvBb e¨vswKs-G mgq †Kgb jv‡M? 148|‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY wbqš¿Y K‡i-
K) Kg L) †ewk M) AZ¨vwaK N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq i) e¨vsK nv‡ii cwieZ©b K‡i
135| we‡`k †_‡K †`‡k UvKv cvVv‡bvi Ab¨Zg Drm n‡jv- ii) wiRv‡f©i nvi cwieZ©b K‡i
K) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L) AvZ¥xq¯^Rb iii) miKvi‡K civgk© `v‡bi gva¨‡g
M) AbjvBb e¨vswKs N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
136| B›Uvi‡bU e¨vswKs nIqvi m¤¢vebv _v‡K †Kv_vq? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) AbjvBb e¨vswKs L) eëmvq 149|‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK Ggb GKwU e¨vsK, hv-
M) AvšÍR©vwZK evwY‡Rï †jb‡`‡bi wnmv‡e i) FY wbqš¿YKvixi ÿgZv n«vm K‡i
N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
ii) FY wbqš¿Y K‡i
286
iii) gy`ªvevRvi I e¨vswKs eë¯v wb‡qvM K‡i ‡mwjbv †eMg GKwU mycvi †÷v‡i •`wbK gRywi‡Z KvR K‡ib| wZwb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? GKwU mÂqx wnmve †Lvjvi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K †M‡jb| wKš‧
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii †mLv‡b wZwb wnmve Lyj‡Z cvi‡jb bv|
150| e¨vsK †h ai‡bi AvgvbZ MÖnY K‡i- 159| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †mwjbv †eM‡gi mÂqx wnmve Lyj‡Z bv cvivi
i) mÂqx AvgvbZ ii) ¯vqx AvgvbZ iii) PjwZ AvgvbZ KviY †KvbwU?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) RbM‡Yi mv‡_ †jb‡`b †bB L) AvgvbZ UvKv Kg
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii M) gwnjv wnmveKvix N) cÖ‡qvRbxq KvMR cÎ bv _vKv
151| ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki †g․wjK Kvhv©ewj- 160| evsjv‡`k A_©bxwZ‡Z DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwUi Ae`vb n‡”Q-
i) FY wbqš¿Y ii) gy`ªvi gvb w¯wZkxj ivLv iii) gy`ªvi cÖPjb i) AvgvbZ msMÖn
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? ii) gy`ªvi gvb wbqš¿Y
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii iii) A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb mvab
152| ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi cwigvYMZ c×wZ n‡jv- wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i) e¨vsK nvi c×wZ K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii
ii) †LvjvevRvi c×wZ DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 161-162 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
iii) wiRv‡f©i nvi cwieZ©b wg. K †h cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ †mwU Ab¨vb¨ e¨vs‡Ki `yw`©‡b FY`v‡bi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? †kl AvkÖq¯j wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| wKš‧ cÖwZôvbwU RbM‡Yi mv‡_
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii mivmwi †jb‡`b K‡i bv|
153| evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki kvLv Awdm Av‡Q- 161| DÏxc‡K †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?
i) ivRkvnx ii) Lyjbv iii) w`bvRcyi K) ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK L) evwYwR¨K
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? e¨vsK
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii M) wkí e¨vsK N) wewbgq e¨vsK
154| evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki †mevg~jK KvR- 162|DÏxc‡Ki e¨vsKwUi KvR n‡jv-
i) g~jëvb `ªe¨mvgMÖxi msiÿY i) AvgvbZ MÖnY Kiv ii) †bvU Bmy¨ Kiv iii) FY wbqš¿Y Kiv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii) †P‡Ki cÖeZ©b
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
iii) Ae‡jLb
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 163 I 164 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wb‡Pi †KvbwUmwVK??
GKRb e¨w³ cÖwZgv‡m 5000 UvKv e¨vs‡K Rgv iv‡Lb| eQi †k‡l †gvU
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
RgvK…Z UvKvi mv‡_ e¨vsK AwZwi³ UvKv Zvi wnmv‡e Rgv K‡i|
155| ‡gvevBj e¨vswKs‡q myweav-
163|DÏxc‡Ki e¨vsKwU †Kvb ai‡bi?
i) Kg e¨‡q UvKv †jb‡`b K) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
ii) †g‡mR AvKv‡i Z_¨ ‡cÖiY M) wek¦ e¨vsK N) we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK
iii) ZvrÿwYK wnmve-wbKvk 164| DÏxc‡Ki e¨vsKwUi KvR n‡jv-
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? i) FY`vb Kiv
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii ii) AvgvbZ MÖnY Kiv
156|evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki wewfbœ fvZv Kg©m~wP- iii) wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„wó Kiv
i) weaev fvZv ii) eq®‥ fvZv iii) cÖwZeÜx fvZv wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii M) i, ii I iii DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 165 I 166 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 157 I 158 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: AvRv` mv‡ne Ggb GKwU Zdwmjfz³ e¨vs‡Ki KvR K‡ib †hwU A_©
Rwni wek¦we`¨vj‡qi m‡ev©”P wWwMÖ jvf K‡i XvKvi GKwU X I g~ja‡bi g‡a¨ ga¨¯ZvKvix eëmvqx cÖwZôvb| GB e¨vs‡Ki g~j
e¨vs‡K PvKwi K‡ib| Rwni †h e¨vsK KvR K‡i †mwU gy`ªv evRv‡i D‡Ïk¨ gybvdv AR©b|
kx‡l© Ae¯vb K‡i| cÖwZôvbwU cÖ‡qvR‡b miKvi‡KI Avw_©K wel‡q 165| DÏxc‡K AvRv` mv‡ne †h e¨vs‡K KvR K‡ib †mwU-
civgk© w`‡q _v‡K| K) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L) evwYwR¨K
157| DÏxc‡K †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? e¨vsK
K) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L) XvKv e¨vsK M) MÖvgxY e¨vsK N) Kg©ms¯vb e¨vsK
M) ‡mvbvjx e¨vsK N) we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK 166|D³ e¨vs‡Ki KvR
i) •e‡`wkK wewbg‡q mnvqZv Kiv
ii) wewbgq wej evÆvKiY
158|e¨vsK FY wbqš¿Y K‡i- iii) g~jëvb AjsKvi jKv‡i ivLv
i) e¨vsK nvi cwieZb© K‡i wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii) bM` Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b K‡i K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
iii) miKvwi F‡Yi µq weµq K‡i DÏxcKwU co Ges 167 I 168 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Kwig mv‡ne cÖwZ gv‡m 2000 UvKv e¨vs‡K Rgv iv‡Lb| eQi †k‡l †gvU
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii RgvK„Z UvKvi mv‡_ e¨vsK AwZwi³ UvKv Zvi wnmv‡e Rgv K‡i|
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 159 I 160 bs cª‡kœi DËi `vI: 167| e¨vsKwU †Kvb ai‡bi?
K) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
M) wek¦e¨vsK N) we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK
287
168| DÏxc‡Ki e¨vsKwUi KvR n‡jv- 12.L 13.K 14.L 15.N 16.K
i) FY`vb Kiv ii) AvgvbZ MÖnY Kiv iii) wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„wó 17.N 18.M 19.K 20.L 21.N
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 22.L 23.M 24.N 25.K 26.M
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 27.N 28.K 29.N 30.N 31.N
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 169 I 170 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 32.L 33.M 34.L 35.M 36.K
Af¨šÍixY `vg¯Í‡ii w¯wZkxjZv iÿv‡_©i m¤úªwZ X †`kwUi †K›`ªxq 37.K 38.M 39.L 40.K 41.K
42.M 43.K 44.M 45.N 46.K
e¨vsK D”P my‡ì nv‡i 10 eQi †gqvw` cÖwZwU 1,00,000 (GK jÿ)
47.K 48.M 49.N 50.N 51.M
UvKv g~j¨gv‡bi RvZxq `y‡hv©M cÖkgbÕ mÂqcÎ wm×všÍ †bq|
52.K 53.K 54.N 55.K 56.K
169|DÏxc‡Ki †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki †Kvb ai‡bi cÖ‡Póv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q??
57.K 58.K 59.K 60.L 61.N
K) †Lvjv evRvi Kvh©µg L) e¨vsK nvi 62.K 63.K 64.K 65.M 66.K
M) Rgvi nvi N) my‡ì nvi 67.N 68.N 69.N 70.N 71.K
170| ‡`kwUi †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki jÿ¨ AR©‡b AviI †h c`‡ÿc mycvwik 72.M 73.K 74.N 75.K 76.N
Kiv hvq Zv n‡jv- 77.N 78.L 79.K 80.K 81.M
i) bM` Rgvi nvi evov‡bv 82.M 83.M 84.M 85.K 86.N
ii) e¨vsK nvi Kgv‡bv 87.K 88.L 89.K 90.M 91.M
iii) Abyrcv`bkxj Lv‡Z F‡Yi cÖevn Kgv‡bv 92.K 93.K 94.L 95.L 96.N
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 97.N 98.K 99.L 100.K 101.L
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 102.K 103.L 104.N 105.N 106.L
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 171 I 172 bs ª‡kœi DËi `vI: 107.M 108.K 109.L 110.K 111.L
112.M 113.M 114.K 115.K 116.L
A e¨w³ GKwU e¨vs‡K Kg©iZ †hUv Avw_©K bxwZ cÖYq‡b I FY
117.K 118.M 119.K 120.L 121.L
wbqš¿‡Yi ÿgZv ivL‡jI RbMY‡K cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e FY †`q bv| Avevi
122.N 123.K 124.K 125.M 126.K
B e¨w³ Ab¨ GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ †hwU RbM‡Yi A_© Rgv 127.M 128.K 129.K 130.K 131.L
iv‡L I Ab¨‡K FY †`q| 132.K 133.K 134.K 135.M 136.K
171| DÏxc‡Ki Abyhvqx B I A e¨vsK h_vµ‡g- 137.K 138.L 139.M 140.K 141.M
K) †K›`ªxq I evwYwR¨K L) ‡K›`ªxq I †K›`ªxq 142.K 143.M 144.N 145.K 146.K
M) evwYwR¨K I evwYwR¨K N) evwYwR¨K I †K›`ªxq 147.M 148.K 149.M 150.M 151.N
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 172 I 173 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 152.N 153.K 154.L 155.N 156.N
Avwkl cÖwZ gv‡m 100 UvKv e¨vs‡K Rgv iv‡L| eQ‡ii †k‡l Zvi 157.K 158.N 159.K 160.L 161.K
†gvU Rgvi mv‡_ e¨vsK wKQz AwZwi³ UvKv Zvi wnmv‡e Rgv K‡i| 162.M 163.K 164.N 165.L 166.N
172| e¨vsKwU ‡Kvb ai‡bi? 167.K 168.N 169.K 170.L 171.N
i) †K›`ªxq ii) evwYwR¨K iii) MÖvgxY Dbœqb 172.L 173.N 174.L 175.K 176.M
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Zzwg Avgvi (wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© cixÿv)
K) i L) ii M) iii N) i I ii 1. mvaviY K_vq A_©-wewbg‡qi gva¨g|
173| DÏxc‡Ki e¨vsKwUi Ab¨Zg KvR n‡”Q- 2. ÔÔA_©‡K †K›`ª K‡iB A_©‣bwZK RMr AvewZ©Z nqÕÕ-Dw³wU K‡i‡Qb-
K) FY wbqš¿Y Kiv L) †bvU cÖPjb Kiv
Aa¨vcK gvk©vj|
M) Ab¨vb¨ Avw_©K cÖwZôvb wbqš¿Y N) FY Av`vb cÖ`vb Kiv
3. ÔA‡_©i KvR ØvivB A‡_©i cwiPq cvIqv hvqÕ-e‡j‡Qb-A_©bxwZwe`
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 174 I 175 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Rbve Bqvwmb Avn‡g` GKRb e¨vsKvi| wZwb †h e¨vs‡K Kg©iZ IqvKvi|
Av‡Qb Zv AvgvbZKvix‡K A‡_©i Ici Kg nv‡i my` †`q I FY 4. evRv‡i cÖPwjZ avZe I KvMwR †bv‡Ui mgwó‡K e‡j-gy`ªv|
MÖnYKvix n‡Z †ewk cwigv‡Y my` Av`vq K‡i| 5. e¨vs‡K iwÿZ UvKv hv AvgvbZKvix PvIqv gvÎ cvq Zv‡K
174|Rbve Bqvwmb Avn‡g` †h e¨vs‡K KvR K‡i †mwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK? e‡jÑPvwn`v AvgvbZ|
K) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK L) evwYwR¨K 6. A_© mieiv‡ni g~j Dcv`vb-wZbwU|
e¨vsK 7. A‡_©i g~j¨ A‡_©i µq ÿgZv|
M) we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK N) MÖvgxY e¨vsK 8. ÔA_© hv K‡i ZvB A‡_©i g~j¨Õ-e‡j‡Qb-n¨vbmb|
175| G e¨vs‡Ki jÿ¨ n‡jv- 9. A‡_©i g~‡jï mv‡_ `vg¯Í‡ii m¤úK©-wecixZgyLx|
i) gybvdv AR©b ii) AvgvbZ MÖnY iii) †bvU cÖPjb 10. A‡_©i g~j¨ cwigvc Kivi Rb¨ †h we‡kl msL¨vevPK c×wZ Aej¤^b
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Kiv nq Zv‡K e‡j-m~PK|
K) i I ii L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 11. A‡_©i g~j¨ wK‡mi Ici wbf©ikxj-cY¨mvgMÖxi `vg|
Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 176 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
12. K‡qKwU we‡kl `ª‡eï `v‡gi Mo‡K e‡j-`vg¯Íi|
Rbve iv‡k`yj Kwig GKwU wnmve †Zvjvi Rb¨ GKwU evwYwR¨K
e¨vs‡K †M‡jb| e¨vsK Kg©KZv© mygb Zv‡K wewfbœ ai‡bi wnmv‡ei 13. A‡_©i g~j¨ cwieZ©‡bi cwigvY cwigvc Kivi Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e
eY©bv w`‡jb| mvRv‡bv g~j¨¯Íi‡K e‡j-m~PKmsL¨v|
14. A‡_©i †hvMvb evo‡j Gi g~j¨-K‡g|
176| e¨vsK Kg©KZv© mygb Kq ai‡bi wnmv‡ei eY©bv †`b? 15. A‡_©i Pvwn`v wK‡mi Ici wbf©i K‡i-`ª‡eï †hvMvb|
K) GK ai‡bi L) `yB ai‡bi M) wZb ai‡bi N) Pvi ai‡bi 16. A_© n‡jv-wewbg‡qi gva‡g|
DËicÎ 1.M 17. A‡_©i †hvMvb A‡a©K n‡j A‡_©i g~j¨-wØ¸Y nq|
2.L 3.L 4.N 5.M 6.N 18. A‡_©i cwigvY Z‡Ë¡i wdkvixq mgxKiYwU n‡jv-PT=MV+M'V'
7.L 8.M 9.K 10.K 11.M 19. A‡_©i g~j¨ cwieZ©b - A‡_©i µq ÿgZvi cwieZ©b|

288
20. A‡_©i †hvMvb Drcvw`Z `ªe¨mvgMÖxi Zzjbvq AwaK nq Z‡e Zv‡K
e‡j-gy`ªvùxwZ| weMZ mv‡j wek¦we`¨vjq fwZ© cixÿvq Avmv
21. Ôµq ÿgZvi A¯^vfvweK cwigvY e„w×‡KB gy`ªvùxwZ e‡jÕDw³wU hvi- cÖ‡kœi wfwWI K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
Aa¨vcK †MÖMix|
22. ÔevRv‡i †h cwigvY µqÿgZv Pvjy i‡q‡Q †m Zzjbvq hw` h‡_ó
cwigvY `ª‡eï †hvMvb bv ev‡o Zvn‡j `ªe¨g~‡jï MwZ DaŸ©gyLx n‡q
gy`ªvùxwZ NU‡Z _v‡KÕ-e‡j‡Qb-Aa¨vcK m¨vgy‡qjmb|
23. gy`ªvi †hvMvb `ª‡eï †hvMvb A‡cÿv Kg n‡j Zv‡K e‡j-gy`ªv
ms‡KvPb|
24. gy`ªvms‡KvPb ej‡Z Ggb Ae¯v eySvq hLb AwaKvsk `ªe¨mvgMÖxi
g~j¨ I Drcv`b e¨q n«vm †c‡Z _v‡KÕ-e‡j‡Qb-m¨vgy‡qjmb|
25. gy`ªv ms‡KvP‡bi g~j KviY-Pvwn`vi NvUwZ| PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq
26. Inflation k‡ãi A_© Kx-gy`ªvùxwZ|
27. Ôgy`ªvùxwZ Giƒc GKwU Ae¯v †hLv‡b A‡_©i g~j¨ µgvMZ n«vm cvq 1. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK Øviv wb¤œwjwLZ bxwZ Kg©¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †KvbwU A_©
Ges `ª‡eï `vg µgk e„w× cvqÕ-Dw³wU hvi-A_©bxwZwe` µvD_vi| mieivn‡K evov‡bvi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q? [CU-D : 21-22]
28. gy`ªvùxwZi KviY-A‡_©i †hvMvb e„w×| K. †Lvjv evRv‡i miKvwi eÛ †Kbv
29. ATM-Automated Teller-Machine L. e¨vsK †iU e„w× Kiv
30. ‡gvevBj e¨vswKs †h 3wU Kvh© m¤úv`b K‡i-wnmve wbY©q, ga¨¯Zv M. wiRvf© cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e„w×
mvab Ges Avw_©K Z_¨‡mev| N. Dc‡ii me¸‡jv
31. ‡`‡ki Avw_©K †jb‡`b cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ †hme Avw_©K cÖwZôvb ¯^í †gqvw` DËi: N, mgvavb: ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK n‡jv miKv‡ii e¨vsK hv Øviv A_©
F‡Yi Kvievi K‡i Zv‡K e‡jÑgy`ªv evRvi ev Avw_©K evRvi| mieivn Ki‡Z cv‡i miKvi, e¨vsK †iU e„w× K‡i †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
32. gy`ªv evRv‡i gy`ªvi †jb‡`b wK‡mi wfwË‡Z nq-FY‡hvM¨ Znwej| A_© mieivn Ki‡Z cv‡i evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jvi Kv‡Q †Lvjv evRv‡i
33. Ôwewfbœ dvg© I cÖwZôvb hviv cÖvq gy`ªv wb‡q †jb‡`b K‡i Zv‡ì miKvwi eÛ wewµ Ges wiRvf© e„w×i gva¨‡g †K›`ªxq e¨vsK A_© e„w×
mymse× iƒc‡KB gy`ªv evRvi e‡jÕ Dw³wU-A_©bxwZwe` µvD_v‡ii| Ki‡Z cv‡i|
34. ‡h evRvi `xN©Kvjxb FY Znwe‡ji Kvievi cwiPvjbv K‡i Zv‡K 2. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK G g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q- [CU-D : 21-22]
e‡j-g~jab evRvi| K. †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb wbwðZ Kiv
35. ‡h evRvi ¯^íKvjxb F‡Yi Znwej wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i-gy`ªv evRvi| L. gybvdv AR©b Kiv
36. `xN©Kvjxb F‡Yi Znwej wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i-g~jab evRvi| M. A‡_©i †hvMvb cÖfvweZ Kiv
37. F‡Yi gva¨‡g †jb‡`‡bi wfwË KqwU-wZbwU| N. miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e KvR Kiv|
38. F‡Yi Drm-2wU| DËi: L, mgvavb: evwYwR¨K e¨vsK n‡jv Ggb GK cÖKvi Avw_©K
39. F‡Yi cÖvwZôvwbK Drm-e¨vsK, NGO| cÖwZôvb hv †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev cÖwZôv‡bi A_© AvgvbZ wn‡m‡e msMÖn
40. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK ev miKvwi wbqš¿Ygy³ F‡Yi Drm‡K e‡j-AcÖvwZôvwbK Drm| K‡i Ab¨ †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev cÖwZôvb‡K FY wn‡m‡e cÖ`vb K‡i| AwaK
41. e¨vsK Kx-F‡Yi Kvievwi| gybvdv AR©b KivB GB e¨vs‡Ki g~j D‡Ïk¨|
42. ‡h e¨vsK •e‡`wkK evwY‡Rï †`bv-cvIbv wnmve K‡i Zv‡K e‡j- 3. hw` bvwgK my‡ì nvi 6 kZvsk nq, Zvn‡j cÖK…Z my‡ì nvi KZ?
wewbgq e¨vsK| [CU-D : 21-22]
43. my`gy³ e¨vsK wnmv‡e cwiwPZ-Bmjvgx e¨vsK| K. 3% L. 6% M. 9% N. 18%
44. MVb Abymv‡i e¨vsK-2 cÖKvi| DËi: K,
45. ‡h e¨vs‡Ki GKwU gvÎ kvLv _v‡K Zv‡K e‡j-GKK e¨vsK| 4. wb‡Pi †KvbwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvR bq? [CU-D : 20-21]
46. ‡h e¨vs‡Ki GKvwaK kvLv Av‡Q Zv‡K e‡j-kvLv e¨vsK| K. AvgvbZ MÖnY L. FY cÖ`vb
47. ‡`‡ki e¨vsK eë¯vi kx‡l© Ae¯vbKvix e¨vsK-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK| M. wewb‡qvM N. g~j¨ùxwZ wbqš¿Y
48. Ô‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK n‡jv hv mvgwMÖK A_©‣bwZK Kj¨vY mva‡bi Rb¨ DËi: N, mgvavb: evwYwR¨K e¨vsK GKwU gybvdvwfwËK Avw_©K
†`‡ki cÖPwjZ gy`ªvi cwigvY wbqš¿Y I eë¯vcbvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb cÖwZôvb, hv A‡_©i †jb‡`b I Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g gybvdv AR©b K‡i
K‡iÕ-hvi Dw³-Avi.wc.‡K›U| _v‡K| Avw_©K cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e evwYwR¨K e¨vsK †`‡ki wkí, evwYR¨
49. ‡bvU cÖPjb K‡i †h e¨vsK-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK| Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ AvgvbZ MÖnY I my` cÖ`vb, FY cÖ`vb,
50. ‡h e¨vsK A‡_©i g~j¨ wbqš¿Y K‡i-‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK| wewb‡qvM m„wó, †bvU Bmy¨ QvovI wewfbœ Kvhv©ewj cwiPvjbv K‡i|
51. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K wK ejv nq-wbKvkN‡i| 5. evsjv‡`‡k †K Avw_©K bxwZ cwiPvjbv K‡i? [CU-D : 20-21]
52. ‡h e¨vs‡Ki gva¨‡g A_© ¯vbvšÍi Kiv hvq-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK| K. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK L. evsjv‡`k miKvi
53. ‡h e¨vsK g~jab MV‡b mnvqZv K‡i-evwYwR¨K e¨vsK| M. †mvbvjx e¨vsK N. Dc‡ii †Kv‡bvwUB bq
54. evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki bvg Kx-evsjv‡`k e¨vsK| DËi: K, mgvavb: gy`ªvevRv‡ii kx‡l© †_‡K †`‡ki A_© I e¨vsK
55. evsjv‡`k e¨vsK Kvh©µg ïiæ K‡i-16 wW‡m¤î 1971| eë¯v‡K wbqš¿Y I cwiPvjbv K‡i †h e¨vsK Zv‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
56. evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki cwiPvjbv cwil‡ì m`m¨-9 Rb| e‡j| Gi cÖavb •ewkó¨ n‡jv GwU miKvi KZ…©K m‡e©v”P ÿgZvcÖvß
57. mviv‡`‡k evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki †gvU kvLv KqwU-10wU| Avw_©K cÖwZôvb|
58. eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki Mfb©i-Avãyi iDd ZvjyK`vi|
59. evsjv‡`‡k K…wlFY cÖ`v‡bi m‡ev©”P cÖwZôvb-K…wl e¨vsK| 6. wb‡Pi †KvbwU me‡P‡q Zij m¤ú`? [CU-D : 20-21]
60. ‡Kvb e¨vsK RvgvbZ QvovB FY cÖ`vb K‡i-MÖvgxY e¨vsK| K. e¨vsK AvgvbZ L. bM` M. ¯^Y© N. feb
61. DbœZ †`‡k wegv‡K wK wn‡m‡e MY¨ K‡i-Economic Friend. DËi: L, mgvavb: A_© me‡P‡q Zij m¤ú` wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq|
A‡_©i Zvij¨ ¸‡Yi d‡j, `ªe¨mvgMÖx‡K †hgb mn‡RB A‡_©i iƒcvšÍi

289
Kiv hvq, †Zgwb A_©‡KI `ªe¨mvgMÖx‡Z iƒcvšÍi Kiv hvq| Gfv‡e wbqš¿Y, wbKvk Ni, ‣e‡`wkK wewbgq nvi wbqš¿Y cÖf…wZ KvR K‡i
A_© Zvi‡jï gvb wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| _v‡K| evwYwR¨K e¨vsK FY Av`vq Ges cÖ`vb K‡i|
7. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR? 15. ‡KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR bq? (CU-C2:15-16)
K. gy`ªvi †hvMvb wbqš¿Y L. wiRvf© AbycvZ wba©viY K. my‡ì nvi wbqš¿Y Kiv
M. eÛ wewµ Kiv N. Dc‡ii me¸‡jv L. A‡_©i †hvMvb wbqš¿Y Kiv
DËi: N, mgvavb: gy`ªv evRv‡ii kx‡l© †_‡K ‡`‡ki A_© I e¨vsK M. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki AvgvbZ ivLv
eë¯v‡K wbqš¿Y I cwiPvjbv K‡i †h e¨vsK Zv‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vsK N. g~j¨ùxwZ wbqš¿Y Kiv
e‡j| †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvhv©ewj: gy`ªv I †bvU cÖPjb O. RbM‡Yi AvgvbZ ivLv
8. A‡_©i cwigvY ZË¡ Abyhvqx, I V Kx cÖKvk K‡i? DËi: O, mgvavb: RbM‡Yi AvgvbZ ivLv evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvR|
[CU-D : 21-22] 16. wb‡Pi †Kvb `ªe¨ ev †mev me‡P‡q Kg evwn¨KZv m„wó Ki‡e? [CU-
K. A‡_©i g~j¨ L. Drcv`‡bi g~j¨ C2 : 15-16]
M. Drcv`‡bi †eM N. A‡_©i †eM K. wmMv‡iU L. wkÿv M. jvDW w¯úKvi
9. GKwU evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kxfv‡e A_©bxwZ‡Z A_© mieivn evovq? N. ci‡bi Kvco O. dz‡ji evMvb
[CU-D : 19-20] DËi: L, mgvavb: wmMv‡iU, jvDW w¯úKvi, ci‡bi Kvc, dz‡ji
K. AvgvbZ MÖnY K‡i L. A_© Qvwc‡q evMvb evwn¨KZv m„wó K‡i wKš‧ wkÿv evwn¨KZv m„wó K‡i bv|
M. FY cÖ`vb K‡i N. A I B DfqB 17. gy`ªv mieivn e„w× cv‡e hw`-[CU-C2:16-17]
DËi: M, mgvavb: evwYwR¨K e¨vsK n‡jv Ggb GK cÖKvi Avw_©K K. my‡ì nvi Kgv‡bv nq
cÖwZôvb hv †Kvb e¨w³ cÖwZôvb‡K Zv‡ì Pvwn`v Abyhvqx FY L. evÆvi nvi Kgv‡bv nq
wn‡m‡e cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| Gfv‡e FY MÖnY I cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g M. cÖ‡qvRbxq wiRvf© AbycvZ Kgv‡bv nq
evwYwR¨K e¨vsK A_© mieivn K‡i _v‡K| N. Dc‡ii me¸‡jv
10. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR bq? [CU-D : 19-20] DËi: K, mgvavb:
K. `vg¯Íi wbqš¿Y L. e¨vsK eë¯v Z`viwK 18. cÖ‡qvRbxq wiRvf© AbycvZ 10 kZvsk n‡j 10 †KvwU UvKvi wiRvf©
M. A‡_©i †hvMvb wbqš¿Y N. `ªe¨ evRvi wbqš¿Y e„w×i wecix‡Z evwYwR¨K e¨vsK eë¯’v †h cwigvY AvgvbZ m„wó
DËi: N, mgvavb: ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK GKwU †`‡ki kxl©¯vbxq Avw_©K Ki‡Z cv‡i, Zv n‡jv-[CU-C2: 16-17]
cÖwZôvb| †`‡ki gy`ªv cÖPjb, ¯vb wbqš¿Y, ‣e‡`wkK wewbgq nvi K. 10 ‡KvwU UvKv L. 20 †KvwU UvKv
wbqš¿Y miKv‡ii A_© msµvšÍ Dc‡`k cÖ`vb BZ¨vw` Kv‡R †K›`ªxq M. 100 †KvwU UvKv N. 1,000 †KvwU UvKv
e¨vs‡Ki GK”QÎ AwaKvi| O. 10,000 †KvwU UvKv
11. wb‡Pi †KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi Dcvq bq? [CU-D : DËi: M, mgvavb:
19-20] 19. Wjv‡ii wecix‡Z UvKvi gv‡bi Aeg~j¨qb n‡j evsjv‡`‡ki-[CU-
K. AvgvbZ MÖnY L. e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©b C2: 15-16]
M. †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ N. K¨vk wiRvf© AbycvZ cwieZ©b K. Avg`vwb e„w× cv‡e L. Avg`vwb n«vm cv‡e
DËi: K, mgvavb: A‡_©i g~j¨ ev `vg¯Í‡ii w¯wZkxjZv eRvq ivLvi M. ißvwb e„w× cv‡e N. ißvwb n«vm cv‡e
Rb¨ †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K| AvgvbZ MÖnYÕ e¨vs‡Ki O. B I C
GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KvR| e¨vsK nvi ,‡LvjvevRvi Kvh©Kjvc I DËi: O, mgvavb: A_©‣bwZK m~PK¸‡jvi mgš^qnxZvi Kvi‡Y
msiÿY AbycvZ FY wbqš¿‡Yi nvwZqvi| Wjv‡ii cÖK…Z I evRvi g~‡j¨vi A¯^vfvweK nvi †e‡o †M‡Q|
12. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR bq? 20. A_© mieivn wbqš¿Y Kivi `vwqZ¡ †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki?[CU-C2: 15-16]
K. gy`ªv †hvMvb wbqš¿Y K. K…wl e¨vsK L. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK M. wkí e¨vsK
L. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki AvgvbZ msiÿY N. MÖvgxb e¨vsK O. ‡Kv‡bvwUB bq
M. Rbmvavi‡Yi AvgvbZ msiÿY DËi:O,mgvavb: A_© mieivn wbqš¿Y Kivi `vwqZ¡ evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki|
N. Rbmvavi‡Yi AvgvbZ msiÿY 21| GK †`‡ki gy`ªvi †cÖwÿ‡Z Aci †`‡ki gy`ªvi g~j¨‡K ejv nq-
O. g~j¨ùxwZ wbqš¿Y [CoU: 2016-17]
DËi: M, mgvavb: ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK gy`ªvi †hvMvb wbqš¿Y, g~j¨ùxwZ K) wewbgq nvi L) wewbg‡qi g~j¨
wbqš¿Y, gy`ªv I †bvU cÖPjb, FY wbqš¿Y, wbKvk Ni m¤úv`b, Avw_©K M) ‣e‡`wkK g~`ªv N) wewbgq gy`ªv
bxwZ cÖYqb, wnmve wbixÿY, FY Z`viwK, gy`ªv I ¯^Y© gvb wba©viY DËi: K
cÖf…wZ Kvh©vewj m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K| e¨vL¨v: wewbgq nvi: GK †`‡ki gy`ªvi mv‡_ Av‡iK †`‡ki gy`ªvi
13. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q- gyj¨vqb cvZ‡K wewbgq nvi e‡j| wewbgq nvi cÖavbZ-2 cÖKvi|
K. A‡_©i g~j¨ wbqš¿Y Kiv L. e¨vsK eë¯v Z`viKx Kiv (i) miKvwi wewbgq nvi| (ii) evRvi wewbgq nvi|
M. A‡_©i †hvMvb wbqš¿Y Kiv N. A, B Ges C UvKvi Abycv‡Z ÷vwjs Gi nvi w¯i Kiv n‡j wewbgq nvi‡K ejv
DËi: N, mgvavb: ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK gy`ªvùxwZ wbqš¿Y K‡i, †K›`ªxq nq-UvKvi nvi|
e¨vsK‡K mKj e¨vs‡Ki wbqš¿Y K‡i, †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K mKj  gy`ªvi g~j¨ cwieZ©b ej‡Z gy`ªvi µqÿgZvi cwieZ©b‡K eySvq|
e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi ejv nq|  evRvi nvi: •e‡`wkK gy`ªvi AvšÍtwµqvq †h wewbgq nvi wba©vwiZ nq,
14. wb‡Pi †KvbwU evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki KvR? [CU-D: 17-18] Zv‡K evRvi nvi e‡j|
K. RbMY n‡Z AvgvbZ MÖnY L. RbMY‡K FY cÖ`vb 22| gy`ªv Kx? [MBSTU: 2017-18]
M. A I B DfqB N. A‡_©i †hvMvb wbqš¿Y K) Zij m¤ú` L) UvKv cqmv M) wewbgq gva¨g N) cÖvPzh©
DËi: N, mgvavb: evsjv‡`‡k mKj e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi n‡jv evsjv‡`k DËi: M
e¨vsK| evsjv‡`k e¨vsK FY wbqš¿Y, †bvU Qvcv‡bv A‡_©i †hvMvb e¨vL¨v:
A_©: hv wewbgq gva¨g wnmve mevi Kv‡Q MÖnYxq Zv‡K A_© ejv nq|

290
A_© ev gy`ªvi •ewkó¨: 3. A‡_©i cwigv‡Yi mv‡_ A‡_©i g~‡jï m¤úK© Kxiƒc? e¨vL¨v Ki|
*wewbgq gva¨g 4. A_© Kxfv‡e e¨w³Rxe‡b gb¯ÍvwË¡K cÖfve m„wó K‡i?
*g~‡jï cwigvcK| 5. gy`ªvi ‡jb‡`b Pvwn`v gvby‡li Av‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i-e¨vL¨v Ki|
*mÂ‡qi evnb 6. A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb nq †Kb?
*Zvij¨Zv 7. Pvwn`v AvgvbZ I A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi g‡a¨ m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki|
*F‡Yi wfwË 8. gy`ªvùxwZ mxwgZ Av‡qi gvbyl‡K Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i?
23| ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR †KvbwU? [MBSTU: 2015-16] 9. ÒA‡_©i eënvi bv _vK‡j mf¨Zvi PvKv APjÓ- Dw³wU e¨vL¨v Ki|
K) gy`ªvgvb msiÿY L) AvgvbZ MÖnY 10. A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ wK A‡_©i g~j¨‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i? Kxfv‡e?
M) miKvwi wnmve wbKvk cÖ`vb N) ev‡RU cÖYqb 11. gy`ªv Kvh©vewj e¨vL¨v Ki|
DËi: K 12. ÒA‡_©i cwigv‡ci Ici A‡_©i g~j¨ wbf©ikxjÓ-e¨vL¨v Ki|
e¨vL¨v: †K›`ªxq e¨vsK: †K›`ªxq e¨vsK n‡jv mvwe©K RbKj¨vY mva‡bi
13. A‡_©i Pvwn`v‡K †Kb AcwiewZ©Z aiv nq?
D‡Ï‡k¨ †`‡ki gy`ªv mieivn wbqš¿‡Y `vwqZ¡cÖvß GKwU cÖwZôvb|
14. gy`ªvi †hvMvb ej‡Z wK ïay Pvwn`v AvgvbZ‡KB wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki Kvhv©ewjmg~n:
*gy`ªv I †bvU cÖPjb 15. Òmy‡ì nvi n«vm †c‡j A‡_©i dUKv Pvwn`v e„w× cvqÓ-e¨vL¨v Ki|
* gy`ªvgvb msiÿY 16. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K †Kb mKj e¨vs‡Ki AwffveK ejv nq?
*gy`ªvevRvi cwiPvjbv 17. wiRv‡f©i nvi cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kxfv‡e FY wbqš¿Y
*FY wbqš¿Y K‡i? eywS‡q †jL|
*wewbgq wbqš¿Y 18. Ô‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK mKj e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKÕ e¨vL¨v Ki|
24| ÔwW-g¨vUÕ (D-mat) Kx? -[JUST: 2018-19] 19. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K †Kb ¯^í‡gqvw` F‡Yi eëmvqx ejv nq?
K) ‡kqvi †jb‡`‡bi B‡j±ªwbK cÖwµqv 20. FY wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ e¨vsK nvi Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i?
L) fv‡jv †kqvi 21. ‡gvevBj e¨vswKs Kxfv‡e e¨vswKs Kvh©µg‡K mnR K‡i‡Q?
M) †kqvi ì cZb †iva eë¯v 22. Ô‡gvevBj e¨vswKs GKwU hyM‡cv‡hvMx e¨vswKsÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki|
N) g›` †kqvi
23. †gvevBj e¨vswKs µgk RbwcÖq n‡q D‡V‡Q †Kb?
DËi: K
e¨vL¨v: cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨- 24. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK †Lvjv evRvi bxwZi Kvh©µg †jL|
‡kqvi †jb‡`‡bi B‡j±ªwbK cªwµqv‡K wW-g¨vU ejv nq| 25. AbjvBb e¨vswKs-Gi we‡kl myweav e¨vL¨v Ki|
XvKv ÷K G·‡PÄ (DSE=Dhaka Stock Exchange) 26. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki `ywU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kvh©evwj eY©bv Ki|
cÖwZwôZ nq 1954 mv‡j| m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
XvKv ÷K G·‡PÄ cÖ_g †jb‡`b K‡i 1945 mv‡j| 1. A‡_©i †hvMvb I `vg¯Íi m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ wb‡Pi QK †Ìqv n‡jv-
PÆMÖvg ÷K G·‡PÄ (CSE) cÖwZôv nq 1995 mv‡j| A‡_©i †hvMvb (M) (‡KvwU UvKv) `vg¯Íi (P) (UvKv)
BSEC (Bangladesh Securities and Exchange 100 5
Commission) cÖwZôv nq 1993 mv‡j| 200 10
Ávbg~jK cÖkœ 300 15
1. gy`ªv Kx? K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j?
2. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx? L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K F‡Yi †kl AvkÖq¯j ejv nq †Kb?
3. A‡_©i g~j¨ Kx? M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯Íi A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi g‡a¨ m¤úK© wP‡Îi
4. A‡_©i †hvMvb Kv‡K e‡j? mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|
5. A‡_©i dUKv Pvwn`v wK? N. A‡_©i †hvMvb 100 †KvwU UvKv n‡Z 200 †KvwU UvKvq e„w× †c‡j
6. mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv Kv‡K e‡j? A‡_©i g~‡jï Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e| ?
7. AvgvbZ Kx? 2. ‘X’ ‡`‡ki wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M)= 50, e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªv
8. mÂqx AvgvbZ Kx? (M)=50, wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V) = 10, e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi
9. ¯vqx AvgvbZ ej‡Z Kx †evS? cÖPjb MwZ(V) = 10, ‡jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 10 | H †`‡ki
10. gy`ªv Pvwn`v ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? gy`ªvi cwigvY I e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªv cwigvY wØ¸Y Kiv n‡jv|
11. Pvwn`v AvgvbZ Kv‡K e‡j? K. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j?
12. A‡_©i mZK©Zvg~jK Pvwn`v Kx? L. gy`ªv‡K mÂ‡qi evnb ejv nq †Kb?
13. ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j? M. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z X ‡`‡ki `vg ¯Íi (P) wbY©q Ki|
14. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kx? N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K A‡_©i †hvMvb I A‡_©i g~‡jï mv‡_ m¤úK©
15. Zvij¨ bxwZ Kx? wdkv‡ii Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki|
16. ÔwbKvkNiÕ Kx? 3. GKwU †`‡ki A‡_©i †hvMvb, A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ Ges †jb‡`‡bi
17. we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j? cwigvY n‡”Q h_vµ‡g M = 500,V = 40 Ges T = 400| m¤úªwZ
18. ‡gvevBj e¨vswKs Kx? miKvi A‡_© †hvMvb Kwg‡q 400 wbav©iY K‡i|
19. AbjvBb e¨vswKs Kx? K. AvgvbZ Kx?
Abyavebg~jK cÖkœ L. A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb nq †Kb?
1. gy`ªvi g~j¨ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? M. DÏxc‡Ki †`kwUi `vg¯Íi wbY©q Ki|
2. `vg¯Íi I A‡_©i g~‡jï g‡a¨ m¤úK© Kxiƒc?
291
N. DÏxcK n‡Z `vg¯Í‡ii Dci m¤úªwZ miKv‡ii wm×v‡šÍi cÖfve L. e¨vsK nvi Kxfv‡e †hvMvb‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i?
e¨vL¨v Ki| M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e³e¨wUi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z ZË¡wU Av‡jvPbv Ki|
N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx gy`ªvi cwigvY Pvi¸Y n‡j gy`ªvi g~j¨ KZ n‡e?
4. GKwU MvwYwZK D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g we‡kølY Ki|
9. ÔKÕ †`‡k gy`ªvùxwZ †`Lv w`‡j †`kwUi †K›`ªxq e¨vsK FY wbqš¿‡Y wewfbœ
eë¯v MÖnY K‡i| G¸‡jv n‡jv e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©b, †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ,
F‡Yi †ikwbs, bM` Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b, •bwZK cÖ‡ivPbv, eÜKx F‡bi
bM`vsk cwieZ©Y, msiÿY AbycvZ cwieZ©b BZ¨vw`|
K. A‡_©i dUKv Pvwn`v Kx?
L. A‡_© Kxfv‡e e¨w³Rxe‡b gb¯ÍvwË¡K cÖfve m„wó K‡i?
M. DÏxcK †_‡K FY wbqš¿‡Yi ¸YMZ c×wZ¸‡jv wPwýZ K‡i Gi
K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx? Kvh©KvwiZv †jL|
L. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK‡K †Kb ¯^í‡gqvw` F‡Yi eëmvqx ejv nq? N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z cwigvYMZ c×wZ¸‡jvi †h‡Kv‡bv GKwUi FY
M. DÏxc‡Ki wPÎwU Kxfv‡e wdkvi A‡_©i cwigvY Z‡Ë¡i mv‡_ wbqš¿Y cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖvmw½K? e¨vL¨v Ki 10. 2018 m‡b ÔKÕ †`‡k †h g~j¨¯Íi wQj, eZ©gv‡b K‡ivbv gnvgvwii
N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx A‡_©i g~j¨ Vm1 ‡_‡K Vm2 ‡Z cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y †m †`‡ki g~j¨¯Íi A‡bK e„w× †c‡q‡Q| G Ae¯vq †m †`‡ki
d‡j A_©bxwZ‡Z Kx Kx cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| †K›`ªxq e¨vsK, e¨vsK nvi e„w×, †Lvjv evRv‡i FYcÎ wewµ I bM`
5. ‘W’ ‡`‡ki gy`ªvmsµvšÍ Z_¨ wb‡P †`qv n‡jv- Rgvi nvi evwo‡q †`q| GQvov F‡Yi †ikwbs, eÜwK F‡bi bM`vsk
M = 10,000 cwieZ©b K‡i Ges ‣bwZK cÖ‡ivPbvI Pvjvq|
P = 80 K. AbjvBb e¨vswKs Kx?
T = 500 L. gy`ªvi ‡hvMvb ej‡Z wK ïay Pvwn`v AvgvbZ‡KB wb‡`©k K‡i?
K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kv‡K e‡j? M. DÏxcK n‡Z FY wbqš¿‡Yi cwigvYMZ I ¸YMZ nvwZqvi¸‡jv
L. A‡_©i cwigv‡Yi mv‡_ A‡_©i g~‡jï m¤úK© Kxiƒc? e¨vL¨v Ki| wPwýZ Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ wbY©q Ki| N. †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki M„nxZ wm×všÍ g~j¨¯Íi wbqš¿‡Y Kxfv‡e cvjb Ki‡Z
N. A‡_©i cwigvY 20,000 UvKv n‡j, A‡_©i g~‡jï Ici Kxiƒc cv‡i? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|
cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 11. wg. mygb GKwU cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ, hvi †`‡ki mKj Avw_©K cÖwZôvb‡K
6. PT = M1V1+M2V2 cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© I wb‡`©kbv w`‡q _v‡K, FY eë¯v Z`viwK K‡i
hLb P = `vg¯Íi _v‡K| ‡`‡ki Dbœq‡b G cÖwZôv‡bi f~wgKv Ab¯^xKvh©|
T = µq-weµ‡qi cwigvY K. gy`ªv Kx?
M1 = wewnZ gy`ªv cwigvY L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K wbKvkNi ejv nq †Kb?
M2 = e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi cwigvY M. wg. mygb †Kvb ai‡bi Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ? wPwýZ Ki|
V1 = wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cÖwZôvbwU †`‡ki Dbœq‡b Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i?
V2 = e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ| e¨vL¨v Ki|
K. A‡_©i Pvwn`v Kx? 12. A e¨vs‡Ki †ÿ‡Î Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc-
L. Ô‡gvevBj e¨vswKs GKwU hy‡Mvc‡hvMx e¨vswKsÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki| cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ UvKv 45,000
M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ`Ë mgxKiYwU †Kvb Z‡Ë¡i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? e¨vL¨v Ki| b~¨bZg wiRvf© AbycvZ 10%
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi mv‡_ `vg¯Í‡ii m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| K. A_© Kv‡K e‡j?
7. L. A‡_©i g~‡jï mv‡_ `vg¯Í‡ii m¤ú‡K© Kxiƒc? e¨vL¨v Ki|
wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) 100 M. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ e¨vs‡Ki m„ó FY Avgvb‡Zi cwigvY wbY©q
wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V) 4 Ki|
N. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wiRvf© AbycvZ 20% G e„w× Ki‡j A_©bxwZ‡Z
FYc‡Îi cwigvY (M) 500
Kxiƒc cÖfve co‡e? we‡kølY Ki|
FYc‡Îi cÖPjb MwZ (V) 2 13. wRjvbx mv‡ne I nv°vbx mv‡ne `y&B fvB| Zviv `yBRb e¨vsK Kg©iZ|
‡jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) 100 QzwUi w`‡b GK AvZ¥xq‡ì evwo‡Z †eov‡Z Av‡mb Ges Zvi eëmv
K. AbjvBb e¨vswKs Kx? cÖwZôv‡bi DbœwZi j‡ÿ¨ e¨vsK †_‡K FY cvIqvi e¨vcv‡i wRjvbx
L. wiRv‡f©i nvi cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kxfv‡e FY wbqš¿Y mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡ib| wRjvbx mv‡ne ej‡jb, wZwb Ggb
K‡i? eywS‡q †jL GKwU e¨vsK PvKwi K‡ib hv mvaviY RbMY‡K FY †`q bv Ges
M. DÏxcK n‡Z wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ A‡_©i g~j¨ †`‡ki Avw_©K bxwZ cÖYqb, †bvU cÖPjbmn miKv‡ii e¨vsK wnmve
(Vm) wbY©q Ki| KvR K‡i| wRjvwb mv‡ne Zvi AvZ¥xq‡K nv°vbx mv‡n‡ei wbKU
N. M I M Gi gvb wØ¸Y Ki‡j wdkv‡ii A‡_©i cwigvY ZË¡wU Zzwg cvVvb| nv°vbx mv‡ne Zvi Kg©iZ e¨vsK †_‡K Zv‡ì AvZ¥xq‡K FY
Kxfv‡e cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvi? †c‡Z Avk¦¯Í K‡ib|
8. wg. ‘X’ GKRb A_©bxwZ wel‡qi cÖfvlK| wZwb ‡kÖwYK‡ÿ gy`ªvi g~j¨ K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx?
I `vg¯Í‡ii m¤úK© wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q GKRb weL¨vZ L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K wbKvkNi ejv nq †Kb?
A_©bxwZwe‡ì e³e¨ †ck K‡ib| e³e¨wU n‡jv, Ògy`ªvi µqÿgZv I M. DÏxc‡K wRjvbx mv‡n‡ei Kg©iZ e¨vs‡Ki Kvh©µg we‡kølY Ki|
`vg¯Íi wecixZfv‡e m¤úK©hy³|Ó gy`ªvi cwigvY wØ¸Y n‡j `ª‡eï N. nv°vbx mv‡n‡ei Kg©iZ e¨vs‡Ki FY m„wó cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki|
`vg¯i wØ¸Y nq wKš‧ gy`vª i g~j¨ A‡a©K nq|
K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx?

292
14. ‡Kvb †`‡ki `y‡Uv e¨vsK Ges Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri aib wb¤œiƒc- 16.
e¨vsK Kv‡Ri aib
A AvgvbZ msMÖn, FY AvgvbZ m„wó,g~jab MVb
B FY wbqš¿Y, `vg¯Í‡ii, w¯wZkxjZv iÿv, wbKvk Ni|
K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx?
L. †gvevBj e¨vswKs µgk RbwcÖq n‡q D‡V‡Q †Kb?
M. A e¨vsK Kxfv‡e g~jab MVb K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|
K. wewnZ gy`ªv KZ cÖKvi?
N. e¨vsK KZ…©K A e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi †ÿ‡Î e¨vsK nvi bxwZ L. gy`ªvùxwZi d‡j †µZv I ‡fvMKvix Kxfv‡e cÖfvweZ nq?
Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i Zv we‡kølY Ki| M. A e¨vsKwU †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vsK? DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Kvhv©ewj Qvov
D³ e¨vs‡Ki AviI wZwb Kvh©vµg e¨vL¨v Ki|
GB Aa¨v‡qi wmwKD wfwWI N. B e¨vsKwU wPwýZ K‡i D³ e¨vsKwUi FY wbqš¿‡Yi wZbwU
K¬vm †c‡Z Avgv‡K eënvi Ki|
nvwZqvi we‡kølY Ki|
17. PÆMÖvg X e¨vs‡K ivwdi GKwU GKvD›U Av‡Q| ivRkvnx‡Z Lvjvi evmvq
†eov‡Z †M‡j nVvr Zvi wKQz UvKvi cÖ‡qvRb| ZLb ivRkvnx‡Z D³ X
e¨vs‡Ki kvLvq wM‡q Lye mn‡RB UvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡i|
K. Zvij¨ bxwZ Kx?
L. gy`ªv †jb‡`b Pvwn`v gvby‡li Av‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i-e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡Yi e¨vswKs eë¯vi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? Av‡jvPbv
Ki|
N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ e¨vsK eë¯v †jb‡`b †ÿ‡Î KZUzKz BwZevPK
cwieZ©b G‡b‡Q e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki|
15. GKwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖv_wgK Avgvb‡Zi cwigvY 1,00,000 18. wmgv Av³vi GKRb M„wnbx| Zvi e¨w³MZ †gvevB‡j ¯‥zjcoyqv
UvKv Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq© wiRv‡f©i nvi 5% | gy`ªvùxwZ e„w× cvIqv‡Z mšÍv‡bi e„wËi UvKv †c‡q _v‡Kb| we`y¨r I B›Uvi‡bU wejI wZwb
†K›`ªxq e¨vsK wiRv‡f©i nvi e„w× K‡i 15% K‡i‡Q| †gvevB‡ji gva¨‡g cwi‡kva K‡ib| m¤úªwZ wZwb Rvb‡Z cvi‡jb †h,
K. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j? †gvevB‡ji gva¨‡g gvwmK mÂq Rgv Kiv hvq|
K. A_© Kx?
L. ÒAbjvBb e¨vswKs-Gi MVb cÖwµqv, †gvevBj e¨vswKs Gi MVb L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK bM` Rgvi nvi c×wZ‡Z Kxfv‡e FY wbqš¿Y K‡i?
cÖwµqvi †P‡q wfbœÓ-e¨vL¨v Ki| M. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vswKs eë¯vi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK KZ…©K m„ó FY Avgvb‡Zi N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e¨vswKs eë¯vi Av_©mvgvwRK cÖfve g~j¨vqb Ki|
cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 19. ÒVKvVwKi w`b †kl| GLb ‡eZb cvB †gvevBj †dv‡b| evc-gv‡i
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki M„nxZ wm×v‡šÍi d‡j MÖv‡g UvKv cvVvB †gvevBj †dv‡b| cvBqvI hvq hLb ZLb| †Kv‡bv
Amyweav nq bv| w`b e`jvB‡Q|Ó
A_©bxwZ‡Z Kx ai‡bi cÖwZwµqv m„wó n‡Z cv‡i e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kx?
gZvgZ `vI| L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK mKj e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi-e¨vL¨v Ki|
M. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ welqwU †Kvb e¨vswKs Kvh©µ‡gi cÖwZ Bw½Z
K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N. DwjøwLZ e¨vswKs Kvh©µg Ab¨vb¨ e¨vswKs Kvh©µ‡gi †P‡q A‡bK
†ewk myweavRbK-we‡kølY K‡i gšÍe¨ †jL|

293
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-10 (Set-A)
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. A‡_©i †hvMvb I `vg¯Íi m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ wb‡Pi QK †Ìqv n‡jv- 2. ‡Kvb †`‡ki `yBwU e¨vsK Ges Zv‡ì Kv‡Ri aib wb¤œiƒc-
A‡_©i †hvMvb (M) (‡KvwU UvKv) `vg¯Íi (P) (UvKv) e¨vsK Kv‡Ri aib
100 5 A AvgvbZ msMÖ n , FY AvgvbZ m„wó,g~jab MVb
200 10 B FY wbqš¿Y, `vg¯Íi, w¯wZkxjZv iÿv, wbKvk Ni|
300 15 K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx? 1
K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j? 1 L. †gvevBj e¨vswKs µgk RbwcÖq n‡q D‡V‡Q †Kb? 2
L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K F‡Yi †kl AvkÖq¯j ejv nq †Kb? 2 M. A e¨vsK Kxfv‡e g~jab MVb K‡i Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯i A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi g‡a¨ m¤úK© wP‡Îi N. e¨vsK KZ…©K A e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi †ÿ‡Î e¨vsK nvi bxwZ
mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4
N. A‡_©i †hvMvb 100 †KvwU UvKv n‡Z 200 †KvwU UvKvq e„w× †c‡j
A‡_©i g~‡jï Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e| 4
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt
1| gy`ªvùxwZi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mZ¨?  DÏxcKwU c‡o 10 I 11bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) gy`ªvi †hvMvb n«vm cvq L) `vg ¯Íi n«vm cvq MV  PT
M) A‡_©i g~j¨ n«vm cvq N) A‡_©i g~j¨ e„w× cvq GLv‡b, V  5, P =50, T  10.
2| wb‡Pi †KvbwU Amxg wewnZ gy`ªv? 10| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K M  ?
K) 1 UvKvi avZe gy`ªv L) 2 UvKvi avZe gy`ªv K) 50 L) 100
M) 5 UvKvi avZe gy`ªv N) 10 UvKvi KvM‡R gy`ªv M) 250 N) 500
3| A‡_©i cwigvY (M )  2000 , A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ 11| DÏxc‡K-
(V)  10, ‡jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T )  20 n‡j `vg¯Íi ( P)  ? i) wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q
K) 50 L) 100 M) 500 N) 1000 ii) A‡_©i g~j¨ 0.02
4| wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY †KvbwU? iii) P  100 n‡j Vm wØ¸Y evo‡e
K) MT  VP L) MV  PT wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) MP  VT N) M  VPT K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
5| miKvwi †bvU †KvbwU? 12| evsjv‡`‡ki wbKvkNi †KvbwU?
K) 2 UvKv L) 5 UvKv M) 10 UvKv N) 20 UvKv K) RbZv e¨vsK L) evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK
6| ÔA_© hv K‡i ZvB A_©Õ GwU Kvi Dw³? M) MÖvgxY e¨vsK N) evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
K) A_©bxwZwe` IqvKvi L) ievU©mb 13| ' X ' evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ 60,000 UvKv Ges
M) †R. Gg. †KBÝ N) Aa¨vcK gvk©vj cÖ‡qvRbxq •ea wiRvf© 10%| e¨vsKwUi FYm„ó AvgvbZ KZ?
7| gy`ªv Øviv hv µq Kiv nq ZvB gy`ªvi Kx? K) 6,00,000 UvKv L) 6,000 UvKv
K) g~j¨ L) Pvwn`v M) †hvMvb N) meKqwU M) 54,000 UvKv N) 60,000 UvKv
8| e¨vsK m„ó FY c‡Îi cwigvY n«vm †c‡j g~j¨¯Í‡ii Kxiƒc cwieZ©b 14| ÔwbKvk NiÕ ejv nq †Kvb e¨vsK‡K?
nq? K) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L) †mvbvjx e¨vsK
K) e„w× cvq L) wØ¸Y nq M) n«vm cvq N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq M) Bmjvwg e¨vsK N) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
9| Hw”QK gy`ªv n‡jvÑ 15. wb‡Pi ‡KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR bq?
i) †PK ii) e¨vsK WªvdU iii) mÂqcÎ K. gy`ªv †hvMvb wbqš¿Y
L. evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki AvgvbZ msiÿY
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M. Rbmvavi‡Yi AvgvbZ msiÿY
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii N. †KvbwUB bq|

294
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ
Aa¨vq wfwËK g‡Wj ‡U÷-10 (Set-B)
mgqt 40 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-25
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-10 (†h‡Kvb GKwU)
1. ‘X’ ‡`‡ki wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M)= 50, e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªv 2. GKwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki cÖv_wgK Avgvb‡Zi cwigvY 1,00,000
(M)=50, wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V) = 10, e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi UvKv Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq wiRv‡f©i nvi 5% | gy`ªvùxwZ e„w× cvIqv‡Z
cÖPjb MwZ(V) = 10, ‡jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 10 | H †`‡ki †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wiRv‡f©i nvi e„w× K‡i 15% K‡i‡Q|
gy`ªvi cwigvY I e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªv cwigvY wØ¸Y Kiv n‡jv| K. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j? 1
K. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j? 1 L. ÒAbjvBb e¨vswKs-Gi MVb cÖwµqv, †gvevBj e¨vswKs Gi MVb cÖwµqvi
L. gy`ªv‡K mÂ‡qi evnb ejv nq †Kb? 2 †P‡q wfbœÓ-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z X ‡`‡ki `vg ¯Íi (P) wbY©q Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ evwYwR¨K e¨vsK KZ…©K m„ó FY Avgvb‡Zi
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K A‡_©i †hvMvb I A‡_©i g~‡jï mv‡_ m¤úK© cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
wdkv‡ii Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki| 4 N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki M„nxZ wm×v‡šÍi d‡j
A_©bxwZ‡Z Kx ai‡bi cÖwZwµqv m„wó n‡Z cv‡i e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki?
gZvgZ `vI| 4
eûwbev©Pbx cÖkœt
1| Aviwfs wdkv‡ii Z‡Ë¡, A‡_©i Pvwn`v †KvbwU?  wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 9 I 10bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) MV L) PT M) M N) T cv_© †`vKvb †_‡K 2wU wm½viv wK‡b †`vKvb`vi‡K GKwU 20 UvKvi †bvU
2| gy`ªvi cÖavb KvR Kx? w`j| †`vKvb`vi Zv‡K 10 UvKv Ges `yB UvKvi `ywU †bvU †diZ w`j|
K) g~‡jï cwigvcK L) mÂ‡qi evnK 9| KvMwR gy`ªv cÖPwjZ nq-
M) wewbg‡qi gva¨g N) F‡Yi wfwË K) miKvi KZ…©K L) ivóªcwZ KZ…©K
3. wb‡Pi †KvbwU evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvR bq? M) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK KZ…©K N) e¨vsK g¨v‡bRvi KZ…©K
K. AvgvbZ MÖnY L. FY cÖ`vb 10| cv_© 20 UvKvi †bvUwUi mv‡_ †Kvb gy`ªvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q?
M. wewb‡qvM N. g~j¨ùxwZ wbqš¿Y K) mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv L) cwiPvwjZ gy`ªv
4| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv?
M) Amxg wewnZ gy`ªv N) mnKvwi gy`ªv
K) 2 UvKvi †bvU L) 10 UvKvi †bvU
11| ‡KvbwU ¸YMZ FY wbqš¿Y c×wZ?
M) 20 UvKvi †bvU N) 50 UvKvi †bvU
K) F‡Yi †ikwbs L) †Lvjv evRvibxwZ
5| ' The General Theory of Employe, Interest and M) e¨vsK Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b N) e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©b
Money' - eBwUi †jLK †K? 12| CSR K_vwUi c~Y©iƒc Kx?
K) G¨vWvg w¯§_ L) †R. Gg. †KBÝ
K) Corporate Social Response
M) m¨vgy‡qjmb N) IqvUm©b
L) Corporate Social Responsibility
6| gy`ªvi †hvMvb m„wóKvix Dcv`vb ‡KvbwU?
M) Corporate Security Response
K) e¨w³ L) miKvi
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M) e¨vsK N) wewb‡qvMKvix cÖwZôvb
13| wb‡Pi †KvbwU miKv‡ii e¨vsK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i?
7| g~j¨¯Íi e„w× †c‡j gy`ªvi g~‡jï Kx nq?
K) Bmjvgx e¨vsK L) evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
K) n«vm cvq L) e„w× cvq
M) †mvbvjx e¨vsK N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
M) AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
14| ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi c×wZ KqwU?
8| `vg¯Í‡ii mv‡_ gy`ªvi g~‡jï m¤úK© Kxiƒc?
K) `ywU L) wZbwU
i) abvZ¥K ii) FYvZ¥K iii) wecixZgyLx
M) PviwU N) cvuPwU
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15| KLb we‡`wkiv †`‡k gy`ªvi †hvMvb †`q?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) my‡ì nvi evo‡j L) my‡ì nvi Kg‡j
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1. mvjvg X UvKv wb‡q evRv‡i †Mj, 5 †KwR Pvj I 8 †KwR AvUv †Kbvi 7. Aveyj Kvjvg GKRb eëmvqx| nwi‡ècyi evRv‡i Zvi GKwU Kvc‡oi
Rb¨| †m evRv‡i wM‡q †`Lj `ªe¨mvgMÖxi hv `vg Zv‡Z D³ UvKv w`‡q ïay †`vKvb i‡q‡Q| hv‡Z Zvi wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY 4 jÿ UvKv| GK eQi
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Ki‡e| ZvB †m 2.5 †KwR Pvj I 4 †KwR AvUv wK‡b wb‡q Av‡m| wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Qb e¨vsK †_‡K FY wb‡q †`vKvbwU kn‡i ¯vbvšÍi Ki‡eb|
K. †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v Kx? 1 ZvQvov Zvi 2 jÿ UvKv ¯vqx AvgvbZ (FDR) Kiv n‡q‡Q|
L. `y®úÖvc¨Zv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 K. A_©bxwZ‡Z g~jab Kv‡K e‡j? 1
M. DÏxc‡K mvjvg `ªe¨ µ‡qi †ÿ‡Î †h mgm¨vwUi m¤§yLxb nq Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 L. mÂq evo‡jB g~jab MVb nq bv †Kb? 2
N. DÏxc‡Ki mvjv‡gi `ªe¨ µ‡qi welqwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi mvnv‡h¨ M. DÏxc‡Ki g~ja‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi MwZkxjZv jÿ Kiv hvq? 3
we‡kølY Ki| 4 N. e¨vsK FY bv †c‡jI Avey Kvjv‡gi c‡ÿ †`vKvbwU kn‡i ¯vbvšÍi Kiv
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BDwUj Ges 5g GKK †_‡K †gvU 32 BDwUj Dc‡hvM jvf K‡ib| GKwU ms¯v †_‡K FY wb‡q wb‡R GKwU Rvj ‣Zwii †gwkb wK‡b wb‡Ri evwo‡Z
K. Dc‡hvM Kx? 1 Rvj •Zwi K‡i evRv‡i wewµ K‡i RxweKv wbev©n K‡ib| D³ †emiKvwi ms¯vwU
L. ¯^vfvweK `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLv evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx nq †Kb? 2 †`wk-we‡`wk wewfbœ Drm †_‡K A_© msMÖn K‡i `wi`ª‡ì mnvqZv K‡i _v‡K|
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 K. ¯^vqËkvwmZ cÖwZôvb Kx? 1
N. DÏxc‡Ki e³e¨ µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa‡K mg_©b K‡i wKbv L. ÒmsMVK `„k¨gvb n‡jI msMVb A`„k¨gvbÓ-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 M. nvweev †eMg †Kvb ai‡bi ms¯v †_‡K FY wb‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
3. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vIt N. DÏxc‡Ki ewY©Z ms¯v I Giƒc Ab¨vb¨ ms¯v¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki
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9.

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gšÍe¨ Ki| 4
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†m A`ÿ e‡j gvwjK cÖvqB Zv‡K VKvq| Avevi †m GKv A‡bK mgq
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Ki? wPÎ A¼bc~e©K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
gvwjK †h‡Kv‡bv mgq Zv‡K QvuUvB Ki‡Z cv‡i| ZvB †m A‡bK mgq Ab¨
kÖwgK‡ì wb‡q gvwj‡Ki weiæ‡× cÖwZev` Ki‡Z Pvq| 10. ‘Y’ bvgK GKwU †`‡ki wbU RvZxq Drcv`b 1000 †KvwU UvKv, e¨q 150
K. kÖwgKmsN Kx? 1 ‡KvwU UvKv, ißvwb 400 †KvwU UvKv Ges Avg`vwb 200 †KvwU UvKv|
L. kÖwgK msN wK gRywi evov‡Z cv‡i? 2 K. mvgwMÖK e¨q Kx? 1
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †ivwnbxi g‡Zv kÖwgK‡ì ¯^í `ÿZvi KviY Kx Kx? 3 L. e¨w³K Av‡qi cy‡ivUvB wK e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
N. kÖwgKmsN Kxfv‡e Zv‡ì fv‡Mï cwieZ©b NUv‡Z cv‡i?-e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K ‘Y’ ‡`‡ki †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b Ges †gvU
5. Zvwbqv Zvi evevi mv‡_ eB‡qi †`vKvb hvq| wewfbœ †`vKvb Ny‡i †`‡L †h, Af¨šÍixY Drcv`b †ei Ki| 3
me †`vKv‡b `vg GKB| G‡Z †m Lye Avb›` cvq| N. Avg`vwbi cwigvY hw` 400 †KvwU nq, Z‡e DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ †`kwUi
K. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi Kx? 1 GNP Ges GDP Gi g‡a¨ Kx ai‡bi cwieZ©b NU‡e Zv we‡kølY Ki| 4
L. ¯vbxq evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 11. PT = M1V1+M2V2
M. DÏxc‡Ki evRv‡ii aiY e¨vL¨v Ki| 3 hLb P = `vg¯Íi
N. Avb›` ev fv‡jv jvMvi Kvib e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 T = µq-weµ‡qi cwigvY
6. GKRb K…lK †`L‡jb †h, DcKiY w¯i †i‡L ïay kÖg wb‡qvM evov‡j M1 = wewnZ gy`ªv cwigvY
Drcv`b wb‡¤œv³fv‡e cwiewZ©Z nq: M2 = e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi cwigvY
kÖg wb‡qvM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 V1 = wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ
‡gvU Drcv`b 10 22 27 30 32 33 33 V2 = e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ|
K. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx? 1 K. A‡_©i Pvwn`v Kx? 1
L. g~jab‡K †Kb Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z DcKiY ejv nq? 2 L. Ô‡gvevBj e¨vswKs GKwU hyM‡cv‡hvMx e¨vswKsÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡K n‡Z cÖvwšÍK Drcv`‡bi ZvwjKvwU •Zwi Ki| 3 M. DÏxc‡Ki cÖ`Ë mgxKiYwU †Kvb Z‡Ë¡i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b †iLvwU A¼b K‡i Zvi AvK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K A‡_©i †hvMv‡bi mv‡_ `vg¯Í‡ii m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 4

296
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1| Ô‡kÖwY †cvlY Abycw¯ZÕ †Kvb A_©eë¯vi Ab¨Zg cÖavb •ewkó¨? 15| kÖ‡gi †µZv I we‡µZvi evRvi‡K wK e‡j?
K) abZvwš¿K L) mgvRZvwš¿K K) †kqvi evRvi L) kÖgevRvi M) Dcv`vb evRvi N) g~jab evRvi
M) wgkÖ N) Bmjvwg 16| ‡ij BwÄb †Kej †i‡ji ewM ev †ijMvwo Uvbvi Kv‡R jv‡M GwU †Kvb
2| A_©bxwZ‡Z MICRO Ges MACRO kã `ywU‡K me©cÖ_g eënvi g~ja‡bi AšÍM©Z?
K‡ib? K) RvZxq L) wbg¾gvb M) RvZxq N) fvmgvb
K) gvk©vj L) i¨vMbvi wd«k 17| g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv KZ cÖKvi?
M) ivMbvi bvK©m N) fvBbvi K) `yB L) wZb M) Pvi N) cvuP
3| mvgwóK A_©bxwZ‡Z we‡kølY Kiv nqÑ 18| Kxfv‡e g~jab MVb Kiv nq?
i) mvgwóK ii) RvZxq iii) e¨w³MZ K) †fv‡Mi gva¨‡g L) e¨‡qi gva¨‡g
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? M) mÂ‡qi gva¨‡g N) F‡Yi gva¨‡g
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 19| mK‡ji mgvb AwaKvi, `vwqZ¡ I Askx`vwi‡Z¡i cÖ‡qvRb nq †Kvb ai‡bi
4| ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï AwZ míKvjxb †hvMvb †iLv Kx ai‡bi n‡e? msMV‡b?
K) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj L) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj K) Askx`vwi Kvievi L) †h․_ g~jabx †Kv¤úvwb
M) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx N) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx M) ¯^vqË¡kvwmZ cÖwZôvb N) mgevq Kvievi
5| ‡hvMv‡bi cÖfve Kq ai‡bi n‡Z cv‡i? 20| AvaywbK wk‡íi AwabvqK ‡K?
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M) 4 N) 5 21| gvwjKvbv I cwiPvjbvi wfwË‡Z eëmvq cÖwZôvb‡K Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?
6| ‡Kvb A_©bxwZwe` g~jëvb Mvwo, `vwg †cvkvK I nxiK‡K Avo¤îc~Y© †fvM K) 3 fv‡M L) 4 fv‡M M) 5 fv‡M N) 6 fv‡M
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7| Mo Avq wbY©‡qi m~Î †KvbwU? M) †gvU LvRbv N) AbycvwR©Z LvRbv
AC MC 23| wb‡Pi †KvwbU A_©‣bwZK LvRbvi m~Î?
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Q Q M) AFV+ AwZwi³ Avq
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M) AR  N) AR 
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K) †gvU LvRbv L) wbU LvRbv
8| Drcv`‡b cÖ_gw`‡K-
M) wbg LvRbv N) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv
K) AVC I AFC e„w× cvq 25| e¨q c×wZ‡Z RvZxq Avq Kx?
L) AVC I AFC n«vm cvq K) †fvM + mÂq + wewb‡qvM + wbU ißvwb
M) AVC I AFC Amxg nq L) †fvM + wewb‡qvM + miKvwi e¨q + wbU ißvwb
N) AVC I AFC k~b¨ _v‡K M) wewb‡qvM + gybvdv + miKvwi e¨q + wbU ißvwb
9| µgn«vmgvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ †KvbwU? N) gybvdv + miKvwi e¨q + †fvM + wbU ißvwb
K) Drcv`‡bi ¯^íKvj we‡eP¨ L) mKj DcKiY cwieZ©bkxj wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co Ges 26 I 27 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
M) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b µgn«vmgvb N) GKwU DcKiY cwieZ©bkxj ÔKÕ †`‡k GKwU wbw`©ó eQ‡i Drcvvw`Z mKj cY¨mvgMÖx I †mevKg© weµq
10| ‡Kvb evRv‡i `vg w¯i _v‡K? K‡i 40,000 †KvwU UvKv cvIqv hvq, g~jab mvgMÖxi ÿqÿwZ RwbZ e¨q
K) GK‡PwUqv L) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK ev` w`‡q †`kwUi 32000 ‡KvwU UvKv _v‡K|
M) ¯vbxq N) Wy‡qvcwj 26| ÔKÕ †`‡k wbw`©ó eQ‡i AwR©Z 32000 †KvwU UvKv‡K wK e‡j?
11| GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i cÖe³v wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvi Kiv nq wb‡Pi K) GNI L) NNI M) GDP N) NDP
†Kvb A_©bxwZwe`‡K? 27| GB 32,000 UvKv wbY©‡qi m~Î n‡jv-
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M) jvibvi N) B. g¨vjwdì ii) 32,000= C  I  G  ( X  M )  DC
12| c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i wb‡¤œv³ †Kvb kZ©wU †bB?
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M) hvZvqvZ e¨q †bB N) `ª‡eï mgRvZxq wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
13| GKwU wbw`©ó gRywi‡Z kÖ‡gi µq- weµq Kvh©µg m¤úvw`Z n‡j Zv‡K Kx e‡j? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) `ªe¨ evRvi L) kÖgevRvi M) A_© evRvi N) g~jab evRvi 28| Aviwfs wdkv‡ii Z‡Ë¡, A‡_©i Pvwn`v †KvbwU?
14| kÖ‡gi Pvwn`vi †ÿ‡Î †KvbwU mwVK? K) MV L) PT M) M N) T
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L) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v †iLv DaŸ©Mvgx K) e„w× cvq L) wØ¸Y nq
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N) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v‡K ( W / p) L Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq 30| KLb we‡`wkiv †`‡k gy`ªvi †hvMvb †`q?
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1. wb‡P `ywU `ªe¨ X I Y Gi Drcv`b m¤¢vebv m~wP †Ìqv n‡jv| Zvi wfwË‡Z Rbve ‘M’ Gi †`‡ki miKvi b~¨bZg gRywi wbav©iY,wkïkÖg wbimiY Ges
wb‡¤œv³ cÖ‡kœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: bvix Dbœqb I cÖwkÿ‡Yi g‡Zv c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i‡Q|
mswgkÖY X `ªe¨ Y `ªe¨ K. kÖ‡gi `ÿZv Kx? 1
A 130 00 L. gRywi e„w×‡Z wK me©`v kÖ‡gi †hvMvb ev‡o? 2
B 100 50 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Rbve ‘M’ Gi †Q‡j‡ì kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZvi aiY
C 50 100 wPwýZ Ki| 3
D 00 130 N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ miKvi KZ…©K M„nxZ c`‡ÿç‡jv evRvi Dbœq‡b
K. `y®úÖvc¨Zv ej‡Z Kx †evS? 1 KZUzKz mdj n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
L. wb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯vq Ô‡K›`ªxq cwiKíbv KZ…©cÿÕ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †Kb? 2 7. Kwig mv‡ne GKwU myZv KviLvbvi gvwjK| 5,00,000 UvKv cÖv_wgK g~jab
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 wb‡q Drcv`b ïiæ K‡ib| KvuPvgvj µq eve` 50,000 UvKv Ges hš¿cvwZ
N. ÒX `ª‡eï Drcv`b 100 GKK Ae¯vq Y `ª‡eï Drcv`b 100 GKK †givgZ eve` 40,000 UvKv e¨q K‡ib| m¤úªwZ miKvi my‡ì nvi n«vm,
m¤¢e bqÓ- †Zvgvi DË‡ii mc‡ÿ hyw³ `vI| 4 KvuPvgv‡ji Ici fZz©wK, Ki AeKvk Ges wewb‡qv‡Mi w¯wZkxj cwi‡ek
2. GKRb †fv³vi GKwU `ª‡eï Dci Dc‡hvM m~wP wb¤œiƒc- eRvq ivLvi g‡Zv c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kivq Kwig mv‡ne Zvui g~ja‡bi cwigvY
`ª‡eï GKK ‡gvU Dc‡hvM e„w×i D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡jb|
1 25 K. g~jab Kx? 1
2 35 L. `ÿ gvbem¤ú` Kxfv‡e g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv e„w× K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
3 42 M. Kwig mv‡n‡ei wbU g~ja‡bi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
4 42 N. DÏxc‡K ewY© Z miKv‡ii c`‡ÿcmg~ n Kwig mv‡n‡ei g~ j a‡bi cwigvY
e„w×‡Z Kxfv‡e f~wgKv iv‡L? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
5 40
8. wek¦we`¨vjq †_‡K m`¨ cvm Kiv wg. ÔLÕ PvKwii cwie‡Z© GKwU eywUK
K. Dc‡hvM Kx? 1 KviLvbv cÖwZôvb K‡ib| wZwb GKB eëmvq DcKiY msMÖn I †`Lvïbv
L. †gvU Dc‡hvM n‡”Q cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi mgwó-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 K‡ib| G‡Z eëmvi DbœwZ nq Ges gybvdv AR©b K‡ib| eëmvq m¤úªmvi‡Yi
M. DÏxcK †_‡K cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM m~wP •Zwi Ki Ges cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †iLv Rb¨ g~ja‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq| wZwb wbKU¯ GKwU GbwRI n‡Z FY MÖnY
A¼b Ki| 3 K‡ib| GbwRIwU ÿz`ªFY cÖ`vb, AvZ¥Kg©ms¯v‡b mnvqZv, bvixi ÿgZvqb
N. DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Zv eY©bv Ki|4 BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| GiKg A‡bK GbwRI Avgv‡ì
3 evRv‡i cÖwZ †KwR Av‡gi `vg hLb 100 UvKv, ZLb Pvwn`vi cwigvY wQj 15 †`‡k MÖvgxY A_©bxwZi Dbœq‡b wewfbœ Kvh©µg MÖnY K‡i‡Q|
†KwR| GKB mg‡q cÖwZ IRb Kjvi `vg 90 UvKv Ges Pvwn`v 20 WRb wQj| K. Askx`vwi Kievi Kx? 1
Av‡gi n«vm †c‡q cÖwZ †KwR 70 UvKv Ges Pvwn`v e„w× ‡c‡q 30 †KwR n‡jv| L. mgevq Kvievi Kx A‡_© GK gvwjKvbv Kvievi A‡cÿv DbœZ? 2
Kjvi `v‡gi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b n‡jv bv A_P Pvwn`v n«vm †c‡q 15 WRb n‡jv| M. DÏxc‡Ki wg. ÔLÕ Gi eywUK KviLvbv †Kvb ai‡bi Kvievi? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
K. A‡cÿK Kv‡K e‡j? 1 N. Zzwg wK g‡b Ki, evsjv‡`‡ki AvZ¥Kg©ms¯vb I bvixi ÿgZvq‡b
L. Ò‡Kv‡bv A‡cÿK GKvwaK Aaxb PjK _vK‡Z cv‡i bvÓ-hyw³mn e¨vL¨v GbwRI‡ì Kvh©µg h‡_ó? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
Ki‡e? 2 9. wg. AvIjv` †nv‡mb •cZ…Km~‡Î 3 weNv Rwg †c‡jb| Zvi Rwgi Ae¯v‡bi
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Av‡gi Pvwn`v mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| 3 cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y De©ZviI wewfbœ nq| G‡Z Zvi Rwgi cÖvß AvqI wfbœ nq|
N. Avgv‡ì `vg I Kjvi Pvwn`vi m¤ú‡K© Zzwg Kxfv‡e w¯wZ¯vcKZvi Zvi eÜz Rv‡n`yj Bmjvg iwek‡mï mgq Uªv±i I cvwbi †mP †gwkb fvov
gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Ki‡e? 4 w`‡qI Kg mg‡qi g‡a¨ cÖPzi Avq K‡i _v‡Kb|
4. GKwU dv‡g©i †gvU e¨q wb¤œiƒc- K. wbU LvRbv Kx? 1
Drcv`b (Q) ‡gvU e¨q (TC) L. LvRbv `v‡gi AšÍfz©³ wK? 2
1 80 M. Rv‡n`yj Bmjv‡gi LvRbvi cÖK…wZ wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
2 140 N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wg. AvIjv` †nv‡mb I Rv‡n`yj Bmjv‡gi LvRbv
3 140 cv_©K¨ †jL| 4
4 240 10.
5 350
6 480
K. w¯i e¨q Kx? 1
L. `xN©Kv‡j mKj e¨q cwieZ©bkxj-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K cÖvwšÍK e¨q m~wP •Zwi Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨ ‡_‡K Mo e¨q (AC) I cÖvwšÍK e¨q (MC)- Gi g‡a¨
m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
5.
K. GNI Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. ÔmÂq wewb‡qv‡Mi wfwËÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbav©i‡Yi cÖwµqvwU e¨vL¨v Ki|3
N. wewb‡qvM e„w× †c‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi Kxiƒc cwieZ©b n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|4
11. wg. ‘X’ GKRb A_©bxwZ wel‡qi cÖfvlK| wZwb ‡kÖwYK‡ÿ gy`ªvi g~j¨ I
K. c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1 `vg¯Í‡ii m¤úK© wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q GKRb weL¨vZ A_©bxwZwe‡ì
L. evsjv‡`‡ki •Zwi †cvkv‡Ki evRvi‡K †Kb AvšÍRv©wZK evRvi ejv hvq? 2 e³e¨ †ck K‡ib| e³e¨wU n‡jv, Ògy`ªvi µqÿgZv I `vg¯Íi wecixZfv‡e
M. DÏxcK †_‡K ¯^vfvweK gybvdvq fvimvg¨ AR©‡bi wPÎ AvuK I gybvdvi m¤úK©hy³|Ó gy`ªvi cwigvY wØ¸Y n‡j `ª‡eï `vg¯i wØ¸Y nq wKš‧ gy`ªvi
cwigvY ‡`LvI| 3 g~j¨ A‡a©K nq|
N. DÏxc‡Ki evRvi KvVv‡gv Abyhvqx ¯^íKv‡j Kx A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b K. wewnZ gy`ªv Kx? 1
Kiv m¤¢e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 L. e¨vsK nvi Kxfv‡e †hvMvb‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i? 2
6. Rbve ‘M’ GKRb K…lK| c~‡e© wZwb Zvi `yB †Q‡j‡K wb‡q avb Pvl Ki‡Zb| M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e³e¨wUi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z ZË¡wvU Av‡jvPbv Ki| 3
m¤úªwZ avb Pv‡l gybvdv K‡g hvIhvq Zvui GK †Q‡j gvj‡qwkqv Mgb K‡i, N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx gy`ªvi cwigvY Pvi¸Y n‡j gy`ªvi g~j¨ KZ n‡e? GKwU
Ab¨ †Q‡j ¯vbxq GKwU Mv‡g©Ý d¨v±wi‡Z †hvM`vb K‡i| kÖgevRvi Dbœq‡b MvwYwZK D`vni‡Yi gva¨‡g we‡kølY Ki| 4

298
eûwbev©Pwb Afxÿv-2
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() ej c‡q›U Kjg Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU K‡iv| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1|]
1| ÔA_©bxwZ n‡jv wbevP‡bi weÁvbÕ-‡K e‡j‡Qb? 13| kÖ‡gi gvwjK †K?
K) †ebnvg L) m¨vgy‡qjmb M) Kvj© gvK©m N) Gj.iweÝ K) f‚¯^vgx L) kÖwgK M) msMVK N) wkícwZ
2| ÔDrcv`‡bi g~j jÿ¨ gybvdv AR©bÕ †Kvb A_© eë¯vq? 14| evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li cÖavb †ckv Kx?
K) Bmjvwg L) wgkÖ M) abZvwš¿K N) wb‡`©kg~jK K) K„wl L) wkí M) †mev N) †Ljvayjv
3| Bmjvwg eë¯vi gyj Drm †KvbwU? w
K) Av‡jgMY L) miKvi 
15| DL    Øviv Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
p
M) cweÎ KziAvb I mybvœ n N) meKqwUB K) kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v L) kÖ‡gi †hvMvb M) kÖ‡gi `ÿZv N) kÖ‡gi fvimvg¨
4| ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï `vg 5 UvKv †_‡K †e‡o 10 UvKv n‡j Pvwn`v hw` 10 16| wb‡Pi †KvbwU g~jab?
GKK n‡Z cwieZ©b bv K‡i c~‡e©i g‡ZvB _v‡K Z‡e D³ `ª‡eï K) UvKv L) ¯^Y© M) jvOj N) e¨vsK AvgvbZ
17| Kx‡mi gva¨‡g Drcv`‡bi Dcv`vbmg~n mn‡R msMÖn Kiv hvq?
w¯wZ¯vcKZv †Kgb n‡e?
K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) wewb‡qvM
K) w¯wZ¯vcKZv L) weï× w¯wZ¯vcK 18| AvaywbK I Aeva A_©bxwZ‡Z g~j`b MV‡bi cÖwµqv KqwU ¯Í‡i
M) weï× Aw¯wZ¯vcKZv N) Aw¯wZ¯vcK wef³?
5| ‡h me `ªe¨ Qvov gvbyl evuP‡Z cv‡i bv Zvi Pvwn`v- K) 2wU L) 3wU M) 4wU N) 5wU
19| D‡`¨v³v‡K Captain of the industry e‡j‡Qb †K?
K) Elasticity L) Inelastic K) cj.G. m¨vgy‡qjmb L) nvigvb †nbwiL
M) Zero elasticity N) elasticity M) Gj.iwebmb N) G.gvk©vj
20| Iwi‡q‡›Ukb wn‡m‡e GbwRI KZ cÖKvi?
6| wb‡Pi †KvbwU evRvi fvimvg¨ wb‡`©k K‡i? K) 2 cÖKvi L) 3 cÖKvi M) 4 cÖKvi N) 5 cªKvi
K) Pvwn`v> †hvMvb L) Pvwn`v  †hvMvb 21| cÖwkÿv AvbyôvwbKfv‡e K‡e cªwZwôZ nq?
M) Pvwn`v < †hvMvb N) Pvwn`v = †hvMvb K) 1972 L) 1973 M) 1976 N) 1978
22| wiKv‡Wv©i c‡i †Kvb A_©bxwZwe` LvRbv aviYv we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e e¨vL¨v ‡`b?
7| gvÎvMZ Drcv`b KZ cÖKvi? K) †÷vwbqvi †nM L) Aa¨vcK gvk©vj
K) 2 cÖKvi L) 3 cÖKvi M) 4 cÖKvi N) 5 cÖKvi M) RR© w÷Mjvi N) m¨vgy‡qjmb
8| LAC †Kv_vq AvK…wZ? 23| Ôwbg LvRbv n‡jv †gvU Avq †_‡K †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨‡qi we‡qvMdjÕ
msÁvwU †Kvb A_©bxwZwe‡ì?
K) DaŸ©Mvgx Wvbw`‡K L) DaŸ©Mvgx AvK…wZi K) wc.G. m¨vgy‡qjmb L) wiKv‡Wv©
M) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj M) gvk©vj N) wW. †mj‡fUi
24| wewb‡qvM Qvov f‚ wgi g~ j¨ e„ w ×‡K wK e‡j?
9| AR †iLv MR †iLvq G Ae¯vb K‡i-
K) LvRbv L) †gvU Avq
K) wb‡P L) Dc‡i M) GKmv‡_ N) evB‡ii w`‡K M) wbU Avq N) AbycvwR©Z Avq
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges 10 I 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 25| e¨w³MZ Avq wb‡Pi †Kvb Avq †_‡K wbY©q Kiv hvq?
K) RvZxq Avq L) e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq
M) AbycvwR©Z Avq N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
26| e¨q c×wZ‡Z RvZxq Avq wbY©‡qi m~ÎwU n‡jv-
K) Y  P1X1  P2 X 2  .......  Pn N n
L) Y  r  w  i    Tp
M) Y  C  I  G  X  M
N) Y  C  I  G  ( x  M)
10| DÏxcK Abyhvqx †gvU e¨q KZ? 27| miKvi kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Ges bvbv cÖKvi Dbœqbg~jK I
RbwnZKi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †h gy`ªv e¨q K‡i Zv‡K wK e‡j?
K) 120 L) 80 M) 72 N) 40 K) ivR¯^ Avq L) miKvwi e¨q
11| DÏxcK Abyhvqx dvg©wU †Kvb Ae¯vq Drcv`b Ki‡Q? M) mvgvwRK e¨q N) Dbœqb e¨q
i) †jvKmvb Ae¯vq ii) ¯^íKv‡j iii) me©wb¤œ Mo e¨‡q 28| jW© †KBÝ Gi g‡Z, gvbyl KqwU D‡Ïk¨ bM` gy`ªv nv‡Z ivL‡Z Pvq?
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
29| M  2000 , V  2, T  10 n‡j P  KZ?
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii K) 300 L) 350 M) 400 N) 450
12| GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡i †Kvb ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z n‡Z cv‡i? 30| ‡gvevBj e¨vswKs eë¯v‡K mevi Rb¨ Db¥y³ Kiv nq KZ mv‡j?
K) P  AC L) P  AC M) P  AC N) P  AC  0 K) 2011 mv‡ji 20 GwcÖj L) 2011 mv‡ji 30 Ryb
M) 2011 mv‡ji 31 gvP© N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq

299
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ  m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
c~Y©v½ g‡Wj ‡U÷-3
mgqt 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-70
[`ªóe¨: Wvb cv‡ki cÖ‡kœi c~Y©v½ ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i c‡ov Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| ‡h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e]
1. iv‡eqv I mywg nwicy‡i evm K‡i| nVvr K‡i nwicy‡i cÖvK…wZK M¨vm‡ÿÎ K. g~jab Kx? 1
Avwe¯‥vi nq| †mB M¨vm D‡Ëvjb K‡i Zviv we`y¨r Drcv`b I M„n¯vwj L. g~jab MVb mÂ‡qi Ici wbf©ikxj| e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
Kv‡R eëüZ Ki‡Z Pvq| Z‡e miKvi we`y¨r Drcv`b‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡”Q M. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ mgm¨v¸‡jv Kxfv‡e g~jab MVb evavMÖ¯ K‡i‡Q?
KviY we`y¨r A_©bxwZi Ab¨vb¨ LvZmg~n‡K Dbœq‡b f~wgKv iv‡L| e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
K. `y®úÖvc¨Zv I wbev©Pb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 1 N. DÏxc‡Ki eY©bv Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki g~jab MVb Kxfv‡e e„w× Kiv †h‡Z
L. Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 cv‡i e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? gZvgZ `vI| 4
M. M¨v‡mi mvnv‡h¨ miKvi we`y¨r Drcv`b‡K AMÖvwaKvi †Ìqvi KviY 7. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki:
e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
N. Òwe`y¨r Drcv`‡bi mvnv‡h¨ me‡P‡q †ewk msL¨K Afve c~iY m¤¢eÓ-
e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
2. GKRb †fv³vi X `ªe¨ †fv‡Mi cwigvY I cÖvß Dc‡hv‡Mi Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc-
‡fv‡Mi GKK cÖvß †gvU Dc‡hvM
1g 12
2q 20 K. kÖ‡gi `ÿZv Kx? 1
3q 24 L. ÒAvw_©K gRywi bq, cÖK…Z gRywii gva¨‡g kÖwg‡Ki cÖK…Z Ae¯v Rvbv
4_© 24 hvqÓ-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
5g 22 M. DÏxc‡Ki kÖgevRv‡i Kxfv‡e fvimvg¨ gRywi wbav©wiZ nq-e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
K. Pvwn`vi n«vm-e„w× Kx? 1 N. 50 I 150 UvKv gRywi‡Z kÖgevRv‡i Kxiƒc cwiw¯wZi m„wó n‡e?
L. cwigvYMZ Dc‡hvM I ch©vqMZ Dc‡hvM GKB bq-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 hyw³mn e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
M. DÏxc‡Ki wfwË‡Z X `ª‡eï cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM m~wP •Zwi Ki| 3 8. AvjvDwÏb Zvi `k eÜz‡K wb‡q †¯^”Qvq,mgvbvwaKvi I mgvb `vwq‡Z¡i
N. DÏx‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wPÎ A¼bc~e©K †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi wfwË‡Z GKwU grm¨ Lvgvi M‡o †Zv‡j| wKš‧ g~ja‡bi ¯^íZv,A`ÿ
cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 cwiPvjbv I gZwe‡iv‡ai Kvi‡Y G grm¨ Lvevi Avkvbyiƒc gybvdv AR©b
3. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vIt Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Ab¨w`‡K †ejvj I AvRMi Pzw³i wfwË‡Z ci¯ú‡ii Ici
wek¦vm I Amxg `vq-`vwqZ¡ wb‡q GKwU KvU©b d¨v±wi cÖwZôv K‡ib| G‡Z
†h g~jab nq Zv Pzw³ Abymv‡i ewÈZ nq|
K. msMVb Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. ÔmsMVb Drcv`‡bi GKwU ¯^Zš¿ I Acwinvh© Dcvv`vbÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K grm¨ Lvgvi †Kvb ai‡bi msMVb Zv wPwýZ K‡i
Ges •ewkó¨mg~n †jL| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K grm Lvgvi I KvU©b d¨v±wi G `ywU msMV‡bi g‡a¨
K. Pvwn`v Kx? 1 Zzjbv Ki| 4
L. `v‡gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi m¤úK© wKiƒc? eywS‡q †jL| 2 9. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki:
M. X `ª‡eï Pvwn`v mgxKiY wbY©q Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbY©q K‡i X `ª‡eï cÖK…wZ m¤ú‡K©
gšÍe¨ Ki| 4
4. A dv‡g©i Drcv`b m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ wb‡P †`qv n‡jv-
Drcv`‡bi cwigvY ‡gvU w¯’i e¨q ‡gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q
(Q) (GKK) (TFC) (UvKv) (TVC) (UvKv)
1 5 5
2 5 13 K. wbU LvRbv Kx? 1
3 5 19 L. LvRbv †Kb †Ìqv nq? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
4 5 27 M. DÏxc‡K cÖ`wk©Z wP‡Îi LvRbvi †Kvb ZË¡wU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Zv e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
5 5 40 N. Rwgi Pvwn`v D1D1 ‡_‡K D2D2 ‡Z e„w× †c‡j LvRbvi Ici Kx cÖfve
K. Drcv`b A‡cÿK Kv‡K e‡j? 1 co‡e Zvi wek` e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
L. Mo w¯i e¨q Kx k~b¨ n‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v `vI| 2 10. wb‡¤œi †Uwe‡j mvgwMÖK Avq (Y), ‡gvU mÂq (S) I †gvU wewb‡qvM (I) Gi
M. DÏxcK n‡Z TFC ‡iLv A¼b Ki| 3 Z_¨ †Ìqv n‡jv-
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K MC ‡iLv A¼b K‡i Gi AvK…wZi Ici gšÍe¨ Ki|4 mvgwMÖK Avq (Y) ‡gvU mÂq (S) †gvU wewb‡qvM (I)
5. GKwU evRv‡i wbw`©ó c‡Yï weµq ZvwjKv wb¤œiƒc- (‡KvwU UvKv) (‡KvwU UvKv) (‡KvwU UvKv)
`vg (P) weµ‡qi cwigvY (Q) ‡gvU Avq (TR) 300 80 130
20 1 20 400 130 130
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1| 'An Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic ** wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
Science." MÖšwU Kvi †jLv?
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7| KLb Mo e¨q ( AC ) I cÖvwšÍK e¨q ( MC ) mgvb nq? K) i I ii L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
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Q Q wK‡mi wnmv‡ei g‡a¨ wbwnZ?
K) e¨w³MZ Av‡qi L) gybvdvi
9| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡iÑ M) Drcvw`Z Av‡qi N) RvZxq Av‡qi
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L) `xN©Kv‡j ïay ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z nq wKš‧ †hvMvb †iLv †bB K) eq®‥ fvZv L) wbU ißvwb M) Aemi fvZv N) Aew›UZ gybvdv
M) dvg© A_©‣bwZKfv‡e `ÿ wKš‧ `vg AwaK nq 26| gy³ A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK Avq ( GNI ) nj-
N) mvgvwRK Kj¨vY m‡e©v”P nq bv wKš‧ `vg AwaK nq i) GNI  C  I  G
10| ÿwZ ¯^xKvi K‡iI dvg© Drcv`b Ki‡e hLbÑ ii) GNI  C  I  G  Xn
K) AC  P  AVC L) AC  P  AVC iii) GNI  C  I  G  ( X  M )
M) AC  P  AVC N) AC  P  AVC wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
11| ‡Kvb evRv‡i dv©g Ô`vg m„wóKvixÕ? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) g‡bvcwj L) Wz‡qvcwj M) Awj‡Mvcwj N) g‡bvcmwb 27| CU  DD  ?
12| cÖK…Z gRywi m~Î †KvbwU? K) MS L) SS M) TD N) SD
w p 28| ÔwbKvk NiÕ ejv nq †Kvb e¨vsK‡K?
K) L) WP M) WP N) K) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L) †mvbvjx e¨vsK M) Bmjvwg e¨vsK N) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
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K) mÂq L) wewb‡qvM M) kÖg N) †fvM
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15| f‚wgi eënv‡ii `vg‡K LvRbv ejvi AšÍwbwn©Z KviY †KvbwU? M) Cost of Capital Assumpted
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1. A I B `ywU †`k| A †`‡ki K…lK iwng mv‡ne wbR D‡`¨v‡MB wewfbœ ai‡bi K…wl N. DÏxcK Abyhvqx Mo e¨q AC Gi cwie‡Z© AC1 n‡j gybvdvi Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? 4
cY¨ Drcv`b K‡ib| wZwb avb I gUi Wvj Drcv`‡bi wmÜvšÍ wb‡jb| G‡ÿ‡Î 6. iwgR I ewki GKwU e„nr ‡b․hv‡bi kÖwgK| iwgR BwÄb iæ‡gi `ÿ kÖwgK| D”P kã
iwng mv‡ne ïay gvÎv g¸i Wvj Drcv`b Ki‡j 80 GKK Drcv`b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| I D”P Pv‡ci g‡a¨ Zvi KvR Ki‡Z nq| Zvi gvwmK gRywi wek nvRvi UvKv|
cieZx©‡Z cÖwZ GK‡K avb Drcv`b e„w×i Rb¨ gïi Wvj Drcv`b Ki‡Z n‡jv GQvov Zvi evevi, †cvkvK I Zvi cwiev‡ii evm¯vb I †b․hvb KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU
h_vµ‡g 70,50,20 GKK| avb Drcv`b 4 GKK n‡j gïi Wvj Drcv`b Ki‡Z †_‡K †c‡q _v‡K| wKš‧ Zvi Kv‡Ri ai‡Yi Kvi‡Y GKw`‡K ‡hgb ¯^v¯¨ SzuwK A‡bK
cv‡i bv| wKš‧ B ‡`‡ki K…lK Kwig mv‡ne wbR D‡`¨v‡M iwng mv‡n‡ei g‡Zv ‡ewk, Aciw`‡K QzwU GK‡ev‡iB Kg| A_P ewk‡ii †b․hv‡bi Lvevi N‡ii
Drcv`b wm×všÍ MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| G‡ÿ‡Î ivóª Drcv`b wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y f~wgKv ‣`wbKwfwËK GKRb A¯vqx Kg©Pvix nIqvq Kv‡Ri w`b¸‡jv‡Z ‣`wbK `yBk UvKv
iv‡L| GQvov B ‡`‡k my`, Nyl I gRyZ`vwi eë¯v †bB| mvgvwRK wbivcËv eë¯v gRywi I wb‡Ri Lvevi †c‡q _v‡K|
LyeB gReyZ| †Kvb cÖKvi AcPq I wejvm‡K GLb mg_©b Kiv hvq bv| Z`ycwi, K. kÖ‡gi Pvwn`v Kv‡K e‡j? 1
DcvR©b I Drcv`‡b nvjvj I nviv‡gi wewaweavb GLv‡b Abym„Z nq| L. `vg¯Íi w¯i †_‡K Avw_©K gRywi evo‡j cÖK…Z gRywiI e„w× cvq-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
K. ‡g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v Kx? 1 M. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ iwg‡Ri cÖK…Z gRywi †ÿ‡Î¸‡jv wPwýZ Ki| 3
L. ÒabZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq ‡fv³vi mve©‡f․gË¡Ó e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 N. iwgR I ewk‡ii Avw_©K Ges cÖK…Z gRywii GKwU Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Ki| 4
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K iwng mv‡n‡ei Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 7. Rbve ivqnvb `xN©w`b `wÿY †Kvwiqvq emevm K‡ib| ‡mB m~‡Îi †Kvwiqvb bvMwiK
N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ `ywU †`‡ki A_©eë¯v GKB bq,wfbœ-Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4 wg. wcs‡qi mv‡_ Zvi eÜzZ¡ nq| wg. wcs ivqnvb mv‡n‡ei wbKU †_‡K evsjv‡`‡k
2. gvwiqv Kgjv †L‡Z cQ›` K‡i| †m GKw`b Zvi evevi Kv‡Q Kgjv LvIqvi Rb¨ wewb‡qv‡Mi AbyK~j cwi‡ek Rvb‡Z cv‡ib Ges †h․_fv‡e G †`‡k wewb‡qv‡Mi
evqbv ai‡j Zvi evev Zv‡K A‡bK¸‡jv Kgjv wK‡b ‡L‡Z †`q| Kgjv¸‡jv †_‡K AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡ib| d‡j wg. ivqnvb †`‡ki wd‡i Av‡mb Ges Zvi MÖv‡gi evwoi
gvwiqv †h Dc‡hvM †c‡q‡Q Zv mviwYi AvKv‡i cÖKvk Ki‡j wb¤œiƒc nq- wKQz Rwg wewµ K‡ib Ges mwÂZ mKj A_©mn wg. wcs‡qi mv‡_ †h․_fv‡e XvKvi
A`~‡i Avïwjqvq GKwU RyZv •Zwii KviLvbv ¯vcb K‡ib| cieZx©‡Z hv GKwU
`ª‡eï cwigvY ‡gvU Dc‡hvM (UvKv) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM (UvKv)
jvfRbK cÖwZôv‡b cwiYZ nq|
1g Kjv‡jey 5.00 5 K. g~jab Kx? 1
2q Kgjv‡jey 9 4 L. Òg~jab mÂq Øviv m„óÓ-eywS‡q †jL| 2
3q Kgjv‡jey 12 3 M. DÏxc‡K wg. wcs‡qi g~ja‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi MwZkxjZv cwijwÿZ nq-e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
4_© Kgjv‡jey 14 2 N. g~ja‡bi MwZkxjZv g~ja‡bi MVb‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i-DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K g~j¨vqb Ki| 4
5g Kgjv‡jey 15 1 8. SzuwK MÖnY, AwbðqZv, ZË¡veavb, DcKiY, wb‡qvM, cwiKíbv cÖYqb I ev¯Íevqb,
6ô Kgjv‡jey 15 0 g~jab msMÖn I wb‡qvM, bZzb bZzb evRvi AbymÜvb, c‡Yï ¸YMZ gvb wbqš¿Y meB
D‡`¨v³vi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `vwq‡Z¡i Ask| D‡`¨v³vi `ÿZvi IciB Kviev‡ii `ÿZv
7g Kgjv‡jey 14 -1
wbf©i K‡i| Gi e¨w³MZ n‡j Kvievi c½y n‡Z cv‡i|
K. A‡cÿK Kx? 1 K. †h․_ g~jabx Kvievi Kx? 1
L. †fvM ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 2 L. AvaywbK Drcv`b eëmvq D‡`¨v³v‡K ÔKviev‡ii cÖvYÕ ejv nq †Kb? 2
M. µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewawU Kx? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ eY©bv Ki| 4 M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K GKRb `ÿ D‡`¨v³vi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Kvh©vewji weeiY `vI| 3
N. Kx Kx Ae¯vi †cÖwÿ‡Z gvwiqvi †ÿ‡Î µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK wewawU Kvh©Ki n‡e bv N. `ÿ D‡`¨v³v Qvov †Kb GKwU Kvievi mwVKfv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡Z cv‡i bv?
e‡j Zzwg g‡b Ki? hyw³mn we‡kølY Ki| 5 DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K eY©bv `vI| 4
3. X `ª‡eï `vg hLb 2 UvKv Pvwn`vi cwigvY 30 GKK| `vg †e‡o 4,6,8,10,12 9. wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó© cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|
UvKv n‡j Pvwn`vi cwigvY nq h_vµ‡g 25,20,15,10 Ges 5 GKK|
K. Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kx? 1
L. Pv‡qi `vg evo‡j wPwbi Pvwn`vi cwiZ©b e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxcK †_‡K Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki| 3
N. `ª‡eï `vg w¯i †_‡K †fv³vi Avq evo‡j Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b wP‡Î e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
4. ‘T’ dv‡g©i †gvU Li‡Pi m~wP wb¤œiƒc:
Drcv`‡bi (Q) (GKK) ‡gvU LiP (TC) (UvKv)
1 10
2 15 K. AbycvwR©Z Avq Kv‡K e‡j? 1
3 18 L. †Kb LvRbv `v‡gi AšÍfz©³ bq? 2
M. wPÎ †_‡K AbycvwR©Z Av‡qi aviYvwU e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
4 24
N. Rwgi Pvwn`v e„w× QvovI Avi Kx Kx Kvi‡b LvRbv m„ó n‡Z cv‡i? DÏxc‡Ki
5 32 Av‡jv‡K †jL| 4
6 42 10. B ‡`‡ki e¨w³MZ †fvM e¨q (C) wewb‡qvM e¨q (I) Ges miKvwi e¨q (G) wb¤œiƒc-
K. cÖvwšÍK e¨q Kv‡K e‡j? 1 C= 100 + 0.5Y, I = 100 Ges G = 100
L. †gvU w¯i LiP †iLv f~wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq †Kb? 2 K. wRwWwc Kx? 1
M. DÏxc‡Ki wfwË‡Z AC I MC wbiƒcY Ki| 3 L. ÒmÂq evo‡j wewb‡hvM ev‡oÓ-aviYvwU eywS‡q †jL| 2
N. AC I MC Gi ga¨Kvi m¤úK© DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki| 4 M. mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v (AD) I †hvMv‡bi (AS) gva¨‡g ‘B’ fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi cwigvY
5. wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges wPÎvbyhvqx mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
N. miKvwi e¨q (G) e„w× †c‡q 200 n‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi †ÿ‡Î Kx
cwieZ©b n‡e? 4
11. ÒVKvVwKi w`b †kl| GLb ‡eZb cvB †gvevBj †dv‡b| evc-gv‡i MÖv‡gi UvKv cvVvB
†gvevBj †dv‡b| cvBqvI hvq hLb ZLb| †Kv‡bv Amyweav nq bv| w`b e`jvB‡Q|Ó
K. evwYwR¨K e¨vsK Kx? 1
L. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK mKj e¨vs‡Ki e¨vsKvi-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ welqwU †Kvb e¨vswKs Kvh©µ‡gi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|3
N. DwjøwLZ e¨vswKs Kvh©µg Ab¨vb¨ e¨vswKs Kvh©µ‡gi †P‡q A‡bK †ewk
myweavRbK-we‡kølY K‡i gšÍe¨ †jL| 4
K. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 1
L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg© I wkí Awfbœ-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxcK †_‡K AC Gi wfwË‡Z dv‡g©i gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3

302
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K) my` L) gRywi M) LvRbv N) gybvdv ejv nq?
2| hvKv‡Zi cwigvY m¤ú‡ì KZ kZvsk? K) AvÂwjK L) †f․‡MvwjK M) ¯Í&iMZ N) AvšÍR©vwZK
K) 1.5% L) 2.5% M) 5% N) 10% 17| g~jab †hvMv‡bi Drm KqwU?
3| A_©bxwZ‡Z ÔA`„k¨ nvZÕ aviYvwUi cÖe³v †K?
K) 2wU L) 3wU M) 4wU N) 5wU
K) Gj. iweÝ L) G¨vWvg w¯§_ M) m¨vgy‡qjmb N) gvk©vj
18| KjKviLvbv †Kvb ai‡bi g~jab?
4| Qs  C  dp mgxKiYwUi Xvj KZ?
K) ¯vqx L) PjwZ M) RvZxq N) fvmgvb
K)  C L) d M) P N) Q
19| ‡Kvb Kviev‡i "Customer is always right" bxwZ‡Z `ªe¨
5| Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ n‡Z cv‡i-
Drcv`b Kiv nq?
i) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
K) mgevq L) ivóªxq M) Askx`vwi N) GKgvwjKvbv
ii) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx
iii) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 20 I 21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? iwng I Kwig `yB eÜz wg‡j eëmvq K‡i| 1 eQi ci Zviv Zv‡ì
K) i L) ii M) iii N) i, ii I iii Avi GK eÜz ReŸvi‡K Zv‡ì eëmvi cvU©bvi wn‡me wbj|
6| wb‡Pi †Kvb †iLvwUi w¯wZ¯vcKZv GKK w¯wZ¯vcKZv? 20| iwng, Kwig I ReŸvi †h Kvievi K‡i Zv‡K wK e‡j?
K) GKgvwjKvbv Kvievi L) †h․_ gvwjKvbv Kvievi
M) mgevqx Kvievi N) Askx`vwi Kvievi
21| iwng, Kwig I ReŸvi Gi eëmvq myweav n‡jv-
i) †kqvi †nvìvi ii) SzuwK e›Ub iii) K‡ii myweav
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
7| w¯i mgvbycvwZK gvÎvMZ Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î DcKi‡Yi gvÎv wØ¸Y K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
evov‡bv n‡j Drcv`b ev‡oÑ 22| ‡Kvb Rwgi DØ„ Ë Avq Kg _v‡K?
K) wØ¸Y L) wØ¸‡Yi †ewk M) evo‡e bv N) wØ¸‡Yi Kg K) De©i Rwg L) Abye©i Rwg M) wbK…ó Rwg N) kn‡ii Rwg
8| ¯^í Kv‡ji Rb¨ †KvbwU mZ¨? 23| DcKi‡Yi w`K †_‡K LvRbv n‡jv-
K) FC  0 L) TC  VC i) A_©‣bwZK LvRbv
M) TC  FC   VC N) AC  AVC ii) weï× A_©‣bwZK LvRbv
9| c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvgyjK evRv‡i- iii) wbg LvRbv
K) AR  MR L) AR  MR wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) AR  MR = 0 N) AR  MR K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
10| dv‡g©i ¯^íKvjxb fvimv‡g¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© †KvbwU? 24| wbg LvRbv aviYvwU †Kvb aviYvi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©?
K) MR  AR K) `xN©Kvjxb L) ¯^íKvjxb M) gaëZx©Kvjxb N) cÖvK-cÖv_wgK
L) MR  AR 25| wb‡Pi †KvbwU †KejgvÎ cwigvY ev msL¨vMZ aviYv bq?
M) MR  MC K) RvZxq Avq L) gybvdv M) mÂq N) wewb‡qvM
N) MC ‡iLvi Xvj  MR †iLvi Xvj 26| wb‡Pi †Kvb †`kwU‡Z mvgwMÖ K Avq cwigv‡c Drcv`‡b I e¨q Dfq
11| ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï †µZv I we‡µZvi g‡a¨ cÖZ¨ÿ I c‡ivÿ c×wZ‡Z Aby m iY Kiv nq?
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi gva¨‡g GKwU mywbw`©ó `v‡g-µq weµq‡K e‡jÑ K) hy³ivR¨ L) KvbvWv M) d«vÝ N) hy³ivóª
K) Drcv`b L) Dc‡hvM 27| GKwU †`‡ki Dbœq‡bi c~e©kZ© Kx?
M) g~jab N) evRvi K) wkÿv L) Lv`¨ M) cÖwZiÿv N) cÖkvmb
12| GKwU `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi hZ me cÖwZôvb wb‡qvwRZ _v‡K Zv‡ì mgwó 28| A‡_© i †hvMvb wØ¸Y n‡jÑ
wg‡j nq GKwUÑ i) `vg ¯Íi Kg‡e
K) wkí L) dv©g ii) `vg ¯Íi evo‡e
M) evRvi N) KviLvbv iii) A‡_©i g~j¨ A‡a©K n‡e
13| kÖ‡gi µq-weµq nq wK‡mi wfwË‡Z? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) Drcv`‡bi wfwË‡Z L) gRywii wfwË‡Z K) i L) ii M) i I ii N) ii I iii
M) kÖwgK-gvwjK m¤ú‡K©i wfwË‡Z N) `ª‡eï gv‡bi wfwË‡Z 29| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯Íi P  KZ?
14| Kxfv‡e kÖwgK `ÿZv AR©b K‡i? K) 100 L) 60 M) 50 N) 40
K) cÖwkÿY wb‡q L) AwfÁZv Øviv 30| ‡Kvb e¨vsK F‡Yi †kl AvkÖq¯j?
M) eq‡mi gva¨‡g N) AwaK kÖ‡gi gva¨‡g K) †mvbvjx e¨vsK L) RbZv e¨vsK
15| evsjv‡`k AvšÍR©vwZK kÖgevRv‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i †Kvb mv‡j? M) evsjv‡`k e¨vsK N) †Kv‡bvwUB bq
K) 1972 L) 1978 M) 1982 N) 1976

303
A_©bxwZ cÖ_g cÎ  m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
c~Y©v½ g‡Wj ‡U÷-5
mgqt 2 NÈv 30 wgwbU c~Y©gvb-70
[`ªóe¨: Wvb cv‡ki cÖ‡kœi c~Y©v½ ÁvcK| cÖ`Ë DÏxcK¸‡jv g‡bv‡hvM mnKv‡i c‡ov Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI| ‡h‡Kv‡bv mvZwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z n‡e]
1. ‘A’ GKwU †`k, †hLv‡b m¤ú‡ì e¨w³gvwjKvbv ¯^xK…Z, Z‡e GwU mxwgZ| M. Kwig mv‡n‡ei ¯vqx g~ja‡bi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
†ewkifvM Drcv`b Kg©KvÛ †emiKvwi gvwjKvbvq cwiPvwjZ nq| cvkvcvwk N. DÏxc‡K g~ja‡bi †Kvb ai‡bi MwZkxjZv m„wó n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
miKvwi Lv‡ZI †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi g‡Zv Drcv`b Kg©KvÛ cwiPvwjZ nq| B`vbxs 7. m„Rbkxj I cwikÖgx my`vb eëmvwqK jÿ¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L e¨vsK †_‡K FY
miKvwi LvZ¸‡jv †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi g‡Zv `ÿfv‡e Drcv`b Kg©KvÛ cwiPvjbv I miKv‡ii Kv‡Q †_‡K GKLÐ Rwg wjR wb‡q †mLv‡b Pzw³wfwËK I
Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| ZvB ‘A’ ‡`‡ki miKvi ivóªvqË KjKviLvbv¸‡jv m¤ú~Y© we- w`bwfwËK wKQz eMv©Pvwl I kÖwgK wb‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g GKwU wkíKviLvbv
ivóªxqKi‡bi Ges †emiKvwi LvZ‡K c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv †Ìqvi wm×všÍ wb‡q‡Q| d‡j
¯vcb K‡i| cieZx©‡Z my`v‡bi eyw×gËv I `~i`wk©Zv Ges K‡g©i `„pZvi
†`kwU‡Z Avq eÈ‡b AmgZv Ges ‡kÖwY‣elg¨ †`Lv †`q|
K. A_©‣bwZK eë¯v Kx? 1 Kvi‡Y cvuP eQ‡ii gv_vq wkí cÖwZôvbwUi mybvg mviv †`‡k Qwo‡q c‡o|
L. †Kb wbev©Pb mgm¨v D™¢e nq? 2 K. GK gvwjKvbv Kvievi Kv‡K e‡j? 1
M. cÖv_wgK Ae¯vq ‘A’ ‡`‡ki A_©‣bwZK eë¯vi cÖK…wZ DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wPwýZ Ki| 3 L. Askx`vwi Kviev‡ii wek¦vm I Av¯vi Afve nq †Kb? 2
N. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ †`kwUi miKvi KZ©„K M„nxZ c`‡ÿ‡ci d‡j A_©eë¯vq M. my`v‡bi Kvh©µ‡gi Drcv`‡bi †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi Kvh©µg dz‡U D‡V‡Q?
†Kvb ai‡bi cwieZ©b msNwUZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4 we‡kølY Ki| 3
2. ‡`qv Av‡Q, Qd = 20-2P N.Ò‡Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bi mdjZv D³ Dcv`v‡bi f~wgKvi Ici wbf©ikxjÓ-
Qs = -4 = 2P DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki| 4
‡hLv‡b, P = `vg 8. GKwU GjvKvi R‣bK e¨w³i Rwgi cwigvY Ges GKK cÖwZ `v‡gi Z_¨
Qd = Pvwn`vi cwigvY wb‡¤œi †jLwP‡Î †`Lv‡bv n‡jv-
Qs = ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY
K. Pvwn`v Kx? 1
L. ‡hvMv‡bi Ici mg‡qi cÖfve e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
N. `vg 4 UvKv I 8 UvKv n‡j DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K evRvi cwiw¯wZ e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
3. MvRxcy‡ii KvgviMvuI GjvKvi Pvwl bRiæj Bmjv‡gi 2 GKK Rwg Av‡Q|
2010 mv‡j D³ Rwg‡Z 1 Rb kÖwgK wb‡qvM K‡i ÷ª‡eix Pvl K‡i Drcv`b
K‡i 8 gY| GwU jvfRbK we‡ewPZ nIqvq cieZx© cÖwZ eQi 1 eQi K‡i
kÖwgK wb‡qvM e„w× K‡i GKB Rwg‡Z cieZx© eQi 4 eQi Drcv`b n‡jv
h_vµ‡g 14,18,20 I 21 gY| K. A_©‣bwZK LvRbv Kx? 1
K. A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b Kx? 1 L. LvRbv wK `v‡gi AšÍfz©³? 2
L. Mo e¨q (AC) Kx me©`vB cÖvwšÍK e¨‡qi (MC) mgvb? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 M. DÏxc‡K LvRbvi †Kvb ZË¡wU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
M. DÏxc‡Ki wfwË‡Z ÷ª‡eixi †gvU Drcv`b †iLvwU A¼b Ki| 3
N. DÏxc‡Ki ÷ª‡eix Pv‡li †ÿ‡Î †Kvb wewa Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q Ges Zv †Kvb N. DÏxc‡Ki Rwgi Pvwn`v †iLv hw` F we›`y ‡Z ¯ vbvšÍ w iZ nq, Z‡e LvRbvi
†Kvb †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ nq? Av‡jvPbv Ki| 4 Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
4. gvIqv NvU eZ©gv‡b bZzb GKwU AvKl©Yxq ch©Ub †K›`ª| †mLv‡b ÔAvnv‡i- 9. GKwU †`‡ki RvZxq Avq m¤úwK© Z Z_¨ wb¤œ i ƒc:
evnv‡iÕ bv‡g GKwU Lvevi †`vKvb M‡o D‡V‡Q| Avi †Kv‡bv gvbm¤§Z wbU RvZxq Drcv`b (NNP) = 10,000 ‡KvbwU UvKv
Lvevi †`vKvb bv _vKvq ch©UKiv †mLvb †_‡K †ewk `v‡g Lvevi †L‡Z eva¨ AePq e¨q (DC) =1,500 ‡KvwU UvKv
nq| A_P Ab¨vb¨ ch©Ub †K›`ª¸‡jv‡Z eûmsL¨K Lvev‡ii †`vKvb _vKvq wbU ißvwb (X-M) = 2,000 ‡KvwU UvKv
ch©UKiv Gme mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nq bv| K. RvZxq Avq Kv‡K e‡j? 1
K. A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? 1
L. wewb‡qvM evo‡j GNP ev‡o †Kb? 2
L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq P = AR = MR ‡Kb nq? 2
M. DÏxc‡Ki ÔAvnv‡i-evnv‡iÕ Lvevi †`vKvb A_©bxwZ‡Z †h evRvi‡K wb‡`©k M. DcwiD³ †`‡ki †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b (GNP) Ges †gvU Af¨šÍixY
K‡i, Zvi •ewkó¨¸‡jv †jL| 3 Drcv`b (GDP) †ei Ki| 3
N. bZzb ch©Ub †K›`ª I Ab¨vb¨ ch©Ub †K‡›`ªi Lvevi †`vKv‡bi †h †h N. (X-M)= 0 n‡j DcwiD³ †`‡ki GGP Ges GNP Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb
evRv‡ii mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© Zv‡ì ‣ewk‡óï Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY Zz‡i ai| 4 ai‡bi cwieZ©b Avm‡e-e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
5. Kvgvj mv‡ne gvwmK 20,000 UvKv gRywi‡Z GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi PvKwi‡Z 10. A e¨vs‡Ki †ÿ‡Î Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc-
†hvM`vb K‡ib| Gi evB‡i wZwb Avi †Kv‡bv my‡hvM-myweav cvb bv| wKš‧
cÖv_wgK AvgvbZ UvKv 45,000
Zvi eÜz Rvgvj mv‡ne gvwmK 15,000 UvKv gRywi‡Z c‡i GKwU
cÖwZôv‡bi PvKwi‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib| †eZ‡bi cvkvcvwk Rvgvj mv‡ne cÖwZ b~ ¨ bZg wiRvf© Aby cvZ 10%
gv‡m evwoi fvov eve` 4,000 UvKv, wPwKrmv e¨q eve` 2,000 UvKv Ges K. A_© Kv‡K e‡j? 1
wkÿv mnvqK fvZv eve` 1,000 UvKvi AwZwi³ myweav cvb| H mg‡q L. A‡_©i g~‡jï mv‡_ `vg¯Í‡ii m¤ú‡K© Kxiƒc? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
†`‡ki `vg¯Íi 50 UvKv| M. DÏxc‡Ki DwjøwLZ e¨vs‡Ki m„ó FY Avgvb‡Zi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| 3
K. kÖg Kx? 1 N. †K›`ªxq e¨vsK wiRvf© AbycvZ 20% G e„w× Ki‡j A_©bxwZ‡Z Kxiƒc
L. gRywi I Avq GKB wKbv e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 cÖfve co‡e? we‡kølY Ki| 4
M. Rvgvj mv‡n‡ei cÖK…Z gRywi wbY©q Ki| 3 11. wb‡Pi m~wPwU jÿ Ki:
N. AvIZv, wnmve Kiv, bxwZwbav©iY I A_©‣bwZK Zvrc‡h©i †cÖwÿ‡Z Kvgvj
mv‡ne I Rvgvj mv‡n‡ei gRywii g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki| 4 `vg (P) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (Qd) m¤úK©m~PK we›`y
6. Kwig mv‡n‡ei PvKwiii cvkvcvwk K…wl Lvgvi Av‡Q| wZwb PvKwi †_‡K 5 0 A
Aemi MÖnY K‡ib 80 jÿ UvKv Aemi myweav cvb| G UvKvi g‡a¨ 10 4 10 B
jÿ UvKv cvwievwiK e¨‡qi Rb¨ iv‡Lb| 15 jÿ UvKvq GKwU evwo •Zwi 3 20 C
K‡ib| 20 jÿ UvKvq GKwU Kvc‡oi †`vKvb µq K‡ib| †`vKv‡b K. wbf© i kxj PjK Kx? 1
weµ‡qi Rb¨ 10 jÿ UvKvi Kvco µq K‡ib| Aewkó UvKvq wZwb GKwU L. Ô‡Kv‡bv wKQz cvIqvi AvKv•ÿvB Pvwn`v bqÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2
cyKzi µq K‡ib| K…wl Lvgvi weµq K‡i fvovq LvUv‡bvi Rb¨ wZwb GKwU M. DcwiD³ m~wPwU Pvwn`v wewa‡K cÖKvk K‡i-e¨vL¨v Ki| 3
Uªv±i µq K‡ib| N. B I C-we›`y we‡ePbv K‡i `vg w¯ wZ¯ vcKZvi gvb wbY© q K‡i `ª e¨wUi cÖ K… wZ
K. wbg¾gvb g~jab Kx? 1 e¨vL¨v Ki| 4
L. A_© Kx g~jab? e¨vL¨v Ki| 2

304
eûwbev©Pwb Afxÿv-5
[we‡kl `ªóe¨: mieivnK…Z eûwbev©Pwb Afxÿvi DËic‡Î cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤^‡ii wecix‡Z cÖ`Ë eY©m¤^wjZ e„Ëmg~n n‡Z mwVK/m‡ev©rK…ó
DË‡ii e„ËwU () ej c‡q›U Kjg Øviv m¤ú~Y© fivU K‡iv| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi gvb 1|]
1| ‡g․wjK A_©bxwZK mgm¨vi cÖK…wZ we‡køl‡Y †K cÖ_g Ae`vb iv‡Lb?? 17| ‡KvbwU g~ja‡bi KvR?
K) m¨vgy‡qjmb L) †KBbm K) kÖwg‡Ki `ÿZv m„wó L) kÖ‡gi gRywi e„w×
M) gvk©vj N) GWvg w¯§_ M) kÖ‡gi MwZkxjZv m„wó N) kÖwg‡Ki msL¨v e„w×
2| A‡÷ªwjqvb †jevi cvwU© we‡k¦ me©cÖ_g KLb mgvRZvwš¿K `j wn‡m‡e 18| g~jab MVb KLb k~b¨ nq?
wbev©wPZ n‡qwQj?
K) mÂq- wewb‡qvM= 0 n‡j L) Avq - e¨q = 0 n‡j
K) 1870 mv‡j L) 1899 mv‡j
M) 1917 mv‡j N) 1930 mv‡j M) mÂq-wewb‡qvM > 0 n‡j N) Avq-e¨q > 0 n‡j
3| gy³evRvi A_©bxwZ‡Z `ªe¨mvgMÖxi `vg wba©vwiZ nq- 19| wb‡Pi †KvbwU NGO †g․wjK Kvh©µ‡gi AvIZvfz³?
i) evRvi Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi †h․_ wµqv cÖwµqvq gva¨‡g K) K‚U‣bwZK m¤úK© ‡Rvi`viKiY L) ciivóªbxwZ cÖYqb
ii) ¯^qswµq `vg eë¯vi Øviv M) gybvdv‡Kw›`ªK Kvievi cÖwZôv N) cwi‡e‡k msiÿY I Dbœqb
iii) ‡K›`ªxq KZ©„c‡ÿi wb‡`©‡k 20| Entrepreneur Gi evsjv cÖwZkã †KvbwU?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) msMVK L) msMVb
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii M) eë¯vcK N) gnveë¯vcK
4| ÔGKwU mij †iLvi Xvj n‡jv Y Aÿ eivei `~iZ¡ cwieZ©b Ges X 21| AvBb Øviv m„ó msMVb ‡KvbwU?
Aÿ eivei `~iZ¡ cwieZ©‡bi AbycvZÕ-Dw³wU Kvi? K) Askx`vwi eëmvq L) †h․_ g~jabx Kvievi
K) Avj‡d«W gvk©vj L) †WwfW wiKv‡Wv© M) mgevq msMVb N) GKgvwjKvbv
M) G.wm. wPqvs N) Avi.‡R.wjcwm 22| LvRbv m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡ib †Kvb A_©bxwZwe`?
5| k~b¨ w¯wZ¯vcK Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ Kxiƒc?
K) gvk©vj L) †WwfW wiKv‡Wv©
K) f‚wgA‡ÿi mgvšÍivj L) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx
M) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx M) wW. m¨vj‡fUi N) †Rvqvb iwebm
6| Acquas I Libra †Kvb †`wk kã? 23| GKRb e¨w³i †gvU LvRbv 100 UvKv, Gi g‡a¨ gRywi 20, my` 20, Ki 20
K) wMÖK L) j¨vwUb M) dviwm N) divwm Ges gybvdv 20 UvKv _v‡K, Z‡e wbU LvRbv KZ?
7| bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv‡K Kx e‡j? K) 20 UvKv L) 40 UvKv M) 60 UvKv N) 100 UvKv
K) m¤ú` L) DcKiY M) Dcv`vb N) Drcv`b 24| `Progress and Poverty' MÖ‡ši †jLK †K?
8| wb‡Pi †Kvb †iLvwU U AvK…wZi? K) wiKv‡Wv© L) ‡nbwi RR©
K) AFC L) TFC M) AC N) TC M) gvk©vj N) m¨vgy‡qjmb
9| C  f (Q), GLv‡b C  Drcv`b e¨q, Q  Drcv`‡bi cwigvY, 25| A_©bxwZ‡Z P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨ n‡jvÑ
A‡cÿKwU Kx cÖKvk Ki‡Q? i) myZv ii) we¯‥zU iii) Rvgv
K) Drcv`b A‡cÿK L) Drcv`‡bi cwigvY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) gvÎvMZ Drcv`b N) e¨q A‡cÿK K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i,ii I iii
10| mg‡qi wfwË‡Z evRvi n‡jvÑ 26| wb‡Pi †KvbwU miKv‡ii AcÖZ¨vwkZ e¨q?
K) 2 cÖKvi L) 3 cÖKvi K) cvK© ¯vcb L) †b․hvb µq
M) 4 cÖKvi N) 5 cÖKvi M) eb¨vZ©‡ì cybe©vmb N) iv¯ÍvNvU wbgv©Y
11| ' Competitio n among few ' gv‡K©U ejv nq †KvbwU‡K? 27| Avw_©K gRywi w¯i ‡_‡K `vg e„w×i mv‡_ Drcv`b e„w×i †h m¤úK© ¯vwcZ nq
K) Wz‡qvcwj L) Awj‡Mvcwj Zv †Kvb †iLvi mvnv‡h¨ †`Lv‡bv nq|
M) g‡bvcmwb N) Wz‡qvcmwb K) AS L) AD M) DO N) SS
12| cvU, †mvbv I •Zix ‡cvkv‡Ki evRvi-
i) ¯vbxq evRvi 28| A‡_©i g~j¨ ej‡Z †evSvqÑ
ii) AvšÍR©vwZK evRvi K) `vg wbav©i‡Yi ÿgZv L) µq Kivi ÿgZv
iii) RvZxq evRvi M) †fvM Kivi ÿgZv N) Avq Kivi ÿgZv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 29 I 30 bs cª‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii ‡mwjbv †eMg GKwU mycvi †÷v‡i •`wbK gRywi‡Z KvR K‡ib| wZwb GKwU
13| kÖ‡gi `ÿZvi m~Î †KvbwU? mÂqx wnmve †Lvjvi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K †M‡jb| wKš‧ †mLv‡b wZwb
mgq Drcv`‡bi cwigvY wnmve Lyj‡Z cvi‡jb bv|
K) Drcv`‡bi cwigvY L) mgq 29| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †mwjbv †eM‡gi mÂqx wnmve Lyj‡Z bv cvivi KviY
DcKi‡Yi cwigvY DcKi‡Yi cwigvY †KvbwU?
M) Drcv`‡bi cwigvY N) mgq K) RbM‡Yi mv‡_ †jb‡`b †bB L) AvgvbZ UvKv Kg
14| kÖwgK‡ì Kv‡R Abxnv m„wói KviY bq †KvbwU? M) gwnjv wnmveKvix N) cÖ‡qvRbxq KvMR cÎ bv _vKv
K) Kv‡Ri cÖwZK‚j kZv©ewj L) my‡hvM myweavi Afve 30| evsjv‡`k A_©bxwZ‡Z DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwUi Ae`vb n‡”Q-
M) PvKwii DbœwZi Afve N) AvaywbK wkÿv
i) AvgvbZ msMÖn
15| K‡j‡Ri wkÿK‡ì Zzjbvq wek¦we`¨vj‡q wkÿK‡ì cvwikÖwgK †ewk ‡Kb?
ii) gy`ªvi gvb wbqš¿Y
K) wkÿvMZ †hvM¨Zvi Kvi‡Y L) eq‡mi cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y
iii) A_©‣bwZK Dbœqb mvab
M) †ckvMZ `ÿZvi Kvi‡Y N) cwikÖ‡gi ai‡bi Kvi‡Y
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
16| g~ja‡bi †hvMv‡bi Drm KqwU?
K) 1wU L) 2wU M) 3wU N) 4wU K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii

305
eûwbe©vPwb-30 ii) P‚ovšÍ `ª‡eï g~j¨ †hvM Ki‡Z nq
1| AvqZb ev cwiwai wfwË‡Z evRvi KZ cÖKvi? iii) g~ja‡bi AePq we‡qvM Ki‡Znq
K) 7 L) 6 M) 5 N) 3 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
2| ‡Kv‡bv evRv‡i dvg©‡K `vg MÖnxZv wn‡m‡e we‡ePvb Kiv nq? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) g‡bvcmwb L) Awj‡Mvcwj 16| A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b ej‡Z wK †evSvq?
M) c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZv N) GK‡PwUqv K) bZzb `ªe¨ m„wó L) Pvwn`v m„wó M) Avq m„wó N) Dc‡hvM m„wó
3| c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii †ÿ‡Î- 17| Drcv`b A‡cÿ‡K Drcv`‡bi mv‡_ wb‡Pi †KvbwUi m¤úK© cÖKvk cvq?
i) P = MR ii) AR=MR iii) P>MC K) `vg L) Pvwn`v M) †hvMvb N) DcKiY
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 18| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡ii †ÿ‡Î-
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii i) AR I MR †iLv wb¤œMvgx ii) AR> MR iii) dvg© `vg MÖnxZv
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 4 I 5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vIÓ wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 19 I 20 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
kÖ‡gi GKK ‡gvU Drcv`b (GKK) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b (GKK)
1 20 20
2 30 10
3  5
19| DÏxc‡Ki Lvwj N‡i †gvU Drcv`b KZ n‡e?
K) 10 L) 20 M) 25 N) 35
20| DÏxcK Abyhvqx-
i) Mo Drcv`b w¯i _v‡K
4| dvg©wUi †gvU Avq KZ UvKv? ii) †gvU Drcv`b µgn«vmgvb nv‡i e„w× cvq
K) 100 L) 200 M) 250 N) 300 iii) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b µgvš^‡q n«vm cvq
5| dvg©wU †Kvb Ae¯vq Drcv`b Ki‡Q? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
i) me©wb¤œ Mo e¨q Ae¯vq ii) ¯^íKv‡j iii) †jvKmvb Ae¯vq K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 21 I 22 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
6| Money is what money does'- msÁvwU †Kvb A_©bxwZwe‡ì?
K) †KBb&m L) IqvKvi M) ievU©mb N) µvD_vi
7| gy`ªvi g~j¨ (Vm) cÖavbZ wb‡¤œi †KvbwUi Ici wbf©ikxj?
K) `vg¯Íi L) †fv³vi Avq
M) †fv³vi mÂq N) e¨vs‡Ki AvgvbZ
8| wb‡Pi †KvbwU ÔwbKvk N‡iiÕ KvR K‡i?
K) eª¨vK e¨vsK L) cÖevmx Kj¨vY e¨vsK 21| A_©bxwZ‡Z fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq KZ?
M) evsjv‡`k e¨vsK N) evsjv‡`k K…wl e¨vsK K) 250 L) 500 M) 750 N) 1000
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 9 I 10 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi: 22| ¯^q¤¢yZ wewb‡qvM †e‡o 400 n‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi cwigvY
MV=PT KZ n‡e?
‡hLv‡b, M=200, V=10 Ges T=20| K) 250 L) 500 M) 750 N) 1000
9| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯Íi KZ n‡e? 23| GKwU †gvevBj †mU I GKwU †gvevBj mxg Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© Kxiƒc?
K) 90 L) 100 M) 110 N) 120 K) cwieZ©K L) cwic~iK M) ¯^vaxb N) m¤úK©nxb
10| hw` DÏxc‡K M'=200 Ges V'=10 †hvM nq, Z‡e A‡_©i g~j¨ wb‡Pi A‡cÿ‡Ki wfwË‡Z 24 I 25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
(Vm) KZ n‡e? Qs=-5+P
K) 0.005 L) 0.010 M) 0.015 N) 0.020 24| Ic‡ii KZ `v‡g ‡hvMvb k~b¨ n‡e?
11| GNI Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx? K) -5 L) 0 M) 5 N) 10
K) Gross Net Income 25| DÏxc‡Ki mgxKiY ‡_‡K Aw¼Z †iLvi AvK…wZ n‡e-
K) evg ‡_‡K Wv‡b EaŸ©Mvgx L) evg †_‡K Wv‡b wb¤œMvgx
L) Gross National Income
M) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
M) Gross National Investment
26| A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Kg©chv©q KqwU?
N) Gross New Income
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
12| ‡`‡k Kg©iZ we‡`wk bvMwiK‡ì Avq wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡Z AšÍf©y³ nq?
27| mgv‡R ab •elg¨ •Zix nq-
K) GDP L) GNP M) GNI N) NNP
i) abZvwš¿K ev cyuwRev`x A_©eë¯vq
13| Pvwn`vi kZ© KqwU?
ii) mgvRZvwš¿K ev wb‡`©gg~jK A_©eë¯vq
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
14| f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj †iLvi Xvj- iii) wgkÖ A_©eë¯vq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) abvZ¥K L) FYvZ¥K M) Amxg N) k~b¨
15| ‡gvU RvZxq Avq MYbvi †ÿ‡Î- K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
i) n¯ÍvšÍi cvIbv ev` w`‡Z nq wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 28 I 29 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

306
L) ¯^vfvweK `ª‡eï †ÿ‡Î Pvwn`v †iLv evg †_‡K Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx
nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ m~wPwUi LvwjNi c~Y© K‡iv| DÏxc‡K A_©bxwZi
†Kvb wewawU Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wP‡Îi mvn‡h¨ †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK
Dc‡hv‡Mi g‡a¨ m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki|
4| Pvwn`v mgxKiY Qd  45  5P ‡hLv‡b D  Pvwn`vi cwigvY,
P  `ª‡eï `vg|
28| hw` mgv‡R ïay X `ª‡eï cÖ‡qvRb nq Z‡e DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb we›`y‡Z K) Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kv‡K e‡j?
Drcv`‡bi wm×všÍ M„nxZ n‡e? L) Pvwn`v Kx ïay `v‡gi Ici wbf©ikxj? e¨vL¨v Ki|
K) M L) N M) C N) B M) DÏxc‡Ki Pvwn`v mgxKi‡Yi wfwË‡Z Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki|
29| DÏxc‡Ki U we›`y Kx wb‡`©k K‡i? N) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Pvwn`v w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbY©q K‡iv Ges `ª‡eï
K) ¯^í Drcv`b I DcKi‡Yi Ac~Y© eënvi cÖK…wZi Ici gšÍe¨ K‡iv|
L) kÖg I g~ja‡bi `ÿ eënvi 5| GKwU dv©‡gi `ªe¨ weµ‡qi cwigvY Ges `ª‡eï `vg wb¤œiƒc:
M) DcKi‡Yi Ac~Y© eënvi I AwaK Drcv`b `ªe¨ weµ‡qi cwigvY (Q) `ª‡eï GKK cÖwZ `vg (P)
N) c~Y© wb‡qvM I AwaK Drcv`b
1 50
30| evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©eë¯v we`¨gvb?
K) abZvwš¿K L) mgvRZvwš¿K M) Bmjvwg N) wgkÖ 2 45
2023 mv‡ji wewfbœ †ev‡W©i cÖkœvewj 3 40
XvKv †evW©-2023 4 35
m„Rbkxj-70 5 30
1| wb‡P X I Y `ywU `ª‡eï Drcv`b m¤¢vebv m~wP †Ìqv n‡jv| Zvi K) Drcv`b Kx?
wfwË‡Z wb‡¤œv³ cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: L) KvwiMwi Ávb cwieZ©b n‡j µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai
X-`ªe¨ Y-`ªe¨ cÖvß we›`y Ici Kx cÖfve c‡o? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
0 70 A M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Avq ‡iLv A¼b K‡iv|
40 60 B N) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq †iLv A¼b K‡iv Ges
50 50 C evRv‡ii cÖK…wZ m¤ú‡K© gšÍe¨ K‡iv|
60 40 6|
D
70 0 E kÖg (L) (GKK) ‡gvU Drcv`b (Q)
K) kÖg-wbweo Drcv`b †K․kj Kx? 1 4
L) Ôwe‡kl Afve mmxgÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki| 2 10
M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b Ki| 3 14
N) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K (X=40, Y=45) GKK Ges (X=70, 4 17
Y=60) GKK Drcv`b m¤¢e Kx? hyw³mn we‡kølY Ki| K) cÖvwšÍK e¨q Kx?
2| A Ges B `ywU †`k| A †`‡k AwaKvsk m¤ú` I Drcv`‡bi L) `xN©Kv‡j w¯i e¨q _v‡K bv †Kb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
DcKiY¸‡jvi Ici miKvwi gvwjKvbv weivR K‡i Ges Drcv`b M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Drcv`b (TP ) ‡iLv A¼b K‡iv|
e›Ubmn ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wm×všÍ †K›`ªxq KZ©„cÿ MÖnY K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K B N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Z_¨ Drcv`‡bi †Kvb wewa‡K mg_©b K‡i?
†`‡k my` gy³fv‡e A_©eë¯v cwiPvwjZ nq| G‡`‡k abx I `wi‡`ªi wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
g‡a¨ eëavb `~i Kvi Rb¨ abx‡ì m¤ú‡ì Ici Mwi‡ei AwaKvi 7| wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
cÖwZôv I Av`v‡qi eë¯v MªnY Kiv nq|
K) `y®úÖvc¨Zv Kx?
L) Ôe¨vwóK A_©bxwZ I mvgwóK A_©bxwZ ci®úi cwic~iKÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki|
M) A †`‡ki A_©eë¯v †Kvb A_©eë¯vi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©? Zvi
•ewkó¨mg~n †jL|
N) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †`k `ywUi A_©eë¯vi g‡a¨ Zzjbvg~jK
Av‡jvPbv Ki|
3| GKRb †fv³vi X`ªe¨ †fv‡Mi cwigvY I cÖvß Dc‡hv‡Mi Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc: K) wØ- cvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRvi Kx?
‡fv‡Mi GKK ‡gvU Dc‡hvM cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
L) ÒGK‡PwUqv evRv‡i AR  MR Ó - e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
1g 10 10
M) DÏxc‡Ki dvg©wU fvimvg¨ wbY©q K‡i gybvdvi cwigvY †ei K‡iv|
2q 18 □
N) DÏxc‡Ki dvg©wU Mo e¨q ( AC ) F we›`y w`‡q AwZµg Ki‡j
3q □ 6
gybvdvi Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e Zv wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY K‡iv|
4_© 28 0
8| GKwU A_©bxwZ‡Z †fvM mgxKiY (C)  100  0.5Y, wewb‡qvM
5_© □ 2
(I)  185, miKvwi e¨q (G )  415 , Avg`vwb (M )  100 ,
6_© 30 □
7g -2 ißvwb ( X )  70 |
□
K) cwieZ©K `ªe¨ Kx? K) RvZxq Avq Kx?

307
L) e¨vw³i †fvM Zvi †gvU Avq bq eis e¨q‡hvM¨ Av‡qi Ici wbf©i 4| A_©‣bwZK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K kvwn‡bi Lvev‡ii Pvwn`v‡K Kx ejv hvq?
K‡i- e¨vL¨v K‡iv| K) wbe©vPb L) Afve M) `y®úÖvc¨Zv N) eÈb
M) DÏxcK Abymv‡i fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q K‡iv| 5| kvwn‡bi g‡Zv wkï‡ì bv †L‡q _vKvi Rb¨ cÖavbZ `vqx-
N) DÏxc‡K wewb‡qvM I ißvwb e„w× †c‡q h_vµ‡g 400 Ges 120 i) m¤ú‡ì `y®úÖvc¨Zv ii) Amxg Afve iii) wkï‡ì cÖwZ Ae‡njv
n‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
9| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
6| Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi Af¨šÍ‡i †Kv‡bv GKwU we›`y‡Z Kx cÖKvk K‡i?
K) Ac~Y© wb‡qvM L) c~Y© wb‡qvM
M) m¤ú‡ì ¯^íZv N) m¤ú‡ì `ÿ eënvi
7| abZvwš¿K A_©bxwZ‡Z A`„k¨ kw³ n‡jv-
i) kÖwgK †kÖwY ii) †µZv I we‡µZv iii) Pvwn`v I †hvMvb
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) dvg© Kx? 8| Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb †KvbwU?
L) Ò‡µZv evRvi‡K wbqš¿Y K‡i, we‡µZv bqÓ- e¨vL¨v K‡iv| K) g~jab L) f‚wg M) msMVb N) kÖg
M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K fvimvg¨ gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q K‡iv| 9| w¯i e¨q‡K Kx e¨q e‡j?
K) cÖv_wgK e¨q L) †h․wMK e¨q
N) DÏxc‡Ki AC ‡iLv F we›`y w`‡q Mgb Ki‡j fvimv‡gï Ici
M) cwic~iK e¨q N) cwieZ©K e¨q
Kx cÖfve co‡e? wPÎmn e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
10| Av‡Li †Qveov †_‡K KvMR •Zwi n‡j Kx ai‡bi Dc‡hvM m„wó nq?
10| 'X' GKwU e¨vsK| e¨vsKwU AvgvbZ MÖnY, wewfbœ Lv‡Z FY cÖ`vb I
K) iƒcMZ L) †mevMZ M) ¯vbMZ N) mgqMZ
wewbgq wej evÆvKi‡Yi gva¨‡g gybvdv AR©b K‡i| G QvovI e¨vsKwU
11| PjK n‡jv-
wewfbœ A_©‣bwZK Kg©Kv‡Û m¤ú„³ i‡q‡Q| cvkvcvwk wPwKrmv,
i) MwZkxj ivwk ii) w¯wZkxj ivwk iii) X,Y,Z Bs‡iwR eY©gvjv
Aby`vb, mvgvwRK ebvqb Ges Mwie †gavex‡ì e„wË cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
mgvR‡mevq f‚wgKv ivL‡Q|
K) wewnZ gy`ªv Kx? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
L) A‡_©i cwigv‡Yi mv‡_ `vg¯Í‡ii m¤úK© e¨vL¨v K‡iv| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 12 I 13bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e¨vsKwU wPwýZ K‡i Gi Kvh©vewj e¨vL¨v K‡iv| Bivi evev d‡ji †g․my‡gi ïiæ‡Z evRvi n‡Z wKQz wjPz wK‡b
N) mgvR‡mevq DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e¨vsKwUi f~wgKv h‡_ó wK- bv Avb‡jb| Biv ci ci cvuPwU wjPz †L‡q wb¤œiƒc Dc‡hvM †cj:
hyw³mnKv‡i gZvgZ `vI| wjPz 1g 2q 3q 4_© 5g
cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM 20 15 10 5 0
11| GKwU †`‡k †gvU wenxZ gy`ªvi cwigvY ( M )  100 , wenxZ gy`ªvi
12| cÖ_g wZbwU wjPz †fvM K‡i Bivi cÖvß Dc‡hvM KZ?
cÖPjb MwZ ( V )  15, e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi cwigvY (M)  50 I K) 20 L) 25 M) 10 N) 45
e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ ( V)  10 Ges ‡jb‡`‡bi cwigvY 13| Bivi ‡ÿ‡Î-
(T )  50 | i) wjPzi †fvM e„w×i mv‡_ cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM n«vm †c‡q‡Q
K) AbjvBb e¨vswKs Kx? ii) wjPzi †fvM e„w×i mv‡_ †gvU Dc‡hvM n«vm †c‡q‡Q
L) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K ÔwbKvk NiÕ ejv nq †Kb? iii) 5g GKK †fv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î †gvU Dc‡hvM m‡ev©”P n‡q‡Q
M) DÏxcK n‡Z wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKi‡Yi Av‡jv‡K †`kwUi wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
`vg¯Íi wbY©q K‡iv| K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
N) Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v AcwiewZ©Z †_‡K †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T ) ‡e‡o 14| Pvwn`v‡iLv Wv‡b Ges Ic‡i ¯vbvšÍi n‡Z cv‡i-
100 n‡j A‡_©i g~‡jï Kxiƒc cwieZ©b n‡e? DÏxc‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ i) †fv³vi iæwP I Af¨vm cwieZ©‡bi d‡j
we‡kølY K‡iv| ii) †fv³vi Avq e„w×i d‡j
Kzwgjøv †evW©-2023 iii) weKí `ª‡eï `vg e„w×i c‡j
eûwbe©vPwb-30 wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
1| evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©eë¯v we`¨gvb? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) abZvwš¿K L) wgkÖ M) wb‡`©kbvg~jK N) Bmjvwg 15| c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i P  ?
2| Mvq‡Ki Mvb †Kvb ai‡bi Dc‡hvM? K) AR  MR L) AR  MR
K) †mevMZ L) ¯vbMZ M) mgqMZ N) iƒcMZ M) AR  MR N) AR  MC
3| ‡g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi cÖK…wZ n‡q _v‡K- 16| Kx‡mi gva¨‡g g~jab m„wó nq?
i) `y®úÖvc¨Zv ii) m¤ú‡ì weKí eënvi iii) wbe©vPb K) †fv‡Mi L) A_© e¨‡qi M) mÂ‡qi N) wewbg‡qi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 17| ‡Kvb evRv‡ii cY¨ mgRvZxq?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) Ac~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi L) c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi
wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU c‡ov Ges 4 I 5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: M) g‡bvcmwb N) GK‡PwUqv
kvwnb `wi`ª cwiev‡ii mšÍvb| †m UvKvi Afv‡e A‡bK mgq bv †L‡q 18| mvgwMÖK Av‡qi Drm n‡jv-
_v‡K| bv †L‡q _vKv‡Z Zvi kix‡i wewfbœ †ivMe¨vwa evmv evau‡Z i) kÖwg‡Ki Rb¨ ¯^v¯¨ I Kj¨vY Znwej
ïiæ K‡i‡Q| eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦ kvwn‡bi gZ A‡bK wkï cÖvq bv †L‡q ii) mvgvwRK wegv Ae`vb
_v‡K| iii) †cbkb Znwej wb‡q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
308
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges 19 I 20bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 2023 mv‡ji wewfbœ †ev‡W©i cÖkœvewj
Kzwgjøv †evW©-2023
m„Rbkxj-70
1|
A `ªe¨ (GKK) B `ªe¨ (GKK)
0 40
10 30
30 10
40 0
19| wPÎvbyhvqx †gvU Avq KZ? K) `vg cÖwµqv Kx?
K) 10 L) 20 M) 30 N) 40 L) my‡hvM e¨q ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
20| wP‡Î E we›`y‡Z- M) DÏxcK n‡Z GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b K‡iv|
i) `vg = Mo Avq N) cÖvß Drcv`b m¤¢vebv ‡iLvi †cÖwÿ‡Z A_©‣bwZK mg„w× Ges
ii) `vg = Mo e¨q g›`v Kxfv‡e wb‡`©k K‡i- Zv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
iii) Mo Avq = Mo e¨q 2. ågY wccvmy GK e¨w³ Ggb GKwU †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Kg©KvÐ m¤ú‡K©
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? eY©bv †`b, †h †`‡ki cÖwZwU A_©‣bwZK Kg©KvÐ miKvi KZ…©K
wbqwš¿Z nq| ZvQvov Drcv`b, eÈb, †fvM , wewbgq mewKQz †K›`ªxq
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
cwiKíbv gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nq| wKš‧ Zvi wbR †`‡k ïay miKvi bq,
21| ‡K Drcv`‡bi SuywK enb K‡i?
†emiKvwi D‡`¨v‡MI †ewkifvM A_©‣bwZK Kg©KvÐ cwiPvwjZ nq|
K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) msMVK N) g~jab
K) A_©‣bwZK eë¯v Kx?
22| dv©‡gi cwiwa wk‡íi Zzjbvq-
L) kÖg- wbweo Drcv`b †K․kj ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
i) ÿz`ª ii) mxwgZ iii) we¯Í…Z
M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K D³ e¨w³i wbR †`‡ki A_©eë¯vi wZbwU
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
•ewkó¨ D‡jøL K‡iv|
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ `ywU †`‡ki A_©eë¯vi Zzjbvg~jK we‡kølY K‡iv|
23| GKK I Askv`vwi eëmv n‡Z AwR©Z wbU Avq‡K Kx e‡j?
3| Pvwn`v A‡cÿK Qd  60  10 P
K) K‡cv©‡iU Avq L) †cÖvcvBUwi Avq
M) wWwf‡W›U N) AewÈZ K‡cv©‡iU gybvdv ‡hvMvb A‡cÿK Qs  30  5P
24| GK UvKvi †bvU Bmy¨ K‡i †K? cwiewZ©Z †hvMvb A‡cÿK, Qs  15  5P
K) gnveë¯vcK L) Mf©bi M) A_© mwPe N) A_©gš¿x GLv‡b, P  `ª‡eï `vg, Qd  Pvwn`vi cwigvY,
25| ‡hme `ªe¨ Drcv`‡Ki ci mivmwi †fv‡M eëüZ nq Zv‡ì‡K Kx e‡j?
Qs  ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY|
K) cÖv_wgK `ªe¨ L) cÖvK - cÖv_wgK `ªe¨
M) P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨ N) gva¨wgK `ªe¨ K) Pvwn`v Kx?
wPÎ jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges 26 I 27bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: L) cwic~iK `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLvi AvK…wZ †Kgb n‡e?
M) DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY wP‡Îi mvnvh¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
N) Pvwn`v w¯i †_‡K †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j fvimvg¨ `vg I
cwigv‡Yi Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? wPÎmn we‡kølY K‡iv|
4|
`ª‡eï GKK cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
1g 18
2q 15
3q 10
26| DÏxc‡Ki E we›`y‡Z Kx wba©vwiZ nq? 4_© 6
K) fvimvg¨ `vg I cwigvY L) fvimvg¨ gRywi 5g 4
M) fvimvg¨ Drcv`b N) fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq 6ô 0
27| DÏxc‡K Pvwn`v‡iLv Wv‡b ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡j- 7g -4
i) `vg evo‡e K) wM‡db `ªe¨ Kx?
ii) cwigvY evo‡e L) ¯^‡Y©i Pvwn`v w¯wZ¯vcK nq †Kb?
iii) `vg Ges cwigvY Dfq evo‡e M) DÏxc‡K n‡Z †gvU Dc‡hv‡Mi GKwU m~wP •Zwi K‡iv|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? N) DÏxc‡K A_©bxwZi †Kvb wewawU Kvh©Ki? Zv wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii we‡kølY K‡iv|
28| Pv I Kwd, wPwb I ¸o G‡K Ac‡ii- 5|
K) m¤ú~iK L) cwic~iK M) cwieZ©K N) m¤úK©nxb Rwgi DcKiY ‡gvU Drcv`b cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b
29| AvaywbK e¨vswKs †mev cÖ`v‡b †KvbwU GwM‡q? cwigvY (kÖg) (TP ) ( MP )
K) GwUGg e¨vswKs L) B-e¨vswKs 1 GKi 1 Rb 50 gY 50 gY
M) †gvevBj e¨vswKs N) wPivPwiZ e¨vswKs †mev 1 GKi 2 Rb 90 gY 40 gY
30| dUKv Pvwn`v Kx‡mi Ici wbf©ikxj? 1 GKi 3 Rb 120 gY 30 gY
K) my‡ì nvi L) Avq M) wewb‡qvM N) mÂq 1 GKi 4 Rb 140 gY 20 gY
309
K) Mo e¨q Kx? 10| wg. wmivRyj Ggb GKwU e¨vs‡K PvKwi K‡ib, †mB e¨vsKwU FY
L) ¯^íKv‡j w¯i e¨‡qi Dcv`b¸‡jv Kx Kx? wbqš¿Y, `vg¯Í‡ii w¯wZkxjZv iÿv I wbKvk Ni m¤úwK©Z Kvh©µg
M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ m~wP‡Z Drcv`‡bi †Kvb wewawU Kvh©Ki cwiPvjbv K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K wg. wgRvb †h e¨vs‡K PvKwi K‡ib †mB
n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| e¨vsKwU AvgvbZ MÖnY, FY AvgvbZ m„wó I g~jab MVb m¤úwK©Z
N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wewawU K…wl Qvov Avi †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡i|
cÖ‡qvM n‡Z cv‡i e‡j Zywg g‡b K‡iv? hyw³ `vI| K) A‡_©i Pvwn`v Kx?
6| wPÎwU jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: L) †gvevBj e¨vswKs µgk RbwcÖq n‡q IV‡Q †Kb?
M) DÏxc‡K wg. wgRvb I wg. wmivRyj †Kvb ai‡bi e¨vs‡K KvR
K‡ib? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
N) wg. wmivRyj †h e¨vs‡K KvR K‡ib †m e¨vsK Kx Dcv‡q Ab¨vb¨
e¨vs‡Ki FY`vb ÿgZv wbqš¿Y K‡i? we‡kølY K‡iv|
11| GKRb †fv³vi GKwU `ª‡eï Pvwn`v m~wP wb¤œiƒc:
`ª‡eï `vg (P) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (Q)
60 80
50 100
K) dvg© Kx? K) civwgwZ Kx?
L) †Kvb evRv‡i dvg©‡K `vg m„wóKvix ejv nq? †Kb? L) Pvwn`v wK ïayB `v‡gi Ici wbf©i K‡i?
M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K dv©‡gi gybvdv wbY©q K‡iv| M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Pvwn`v mgxKiY wbY©q K‡iv|
N) hw` AC ‡iLv F we›`y w`‡q AwZµg K‡i Z‡e fvimv‡gï N) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbiƒcY K‡i `ª‡eï
†ÿ‡Î Kx cwieZ©b n‡e? wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY K‡iv| cÖK…wZi Ici gšÍe¨ K‡iv|
7| Z ‡`‡ki †fvM e¨q A‡cÿK : C  100  0.5Y ivRkvnx †evW©-2023
eûwbe©vPwb-30
wewb‡qvM e¨q, I  100
1| Pvwn`v wewai MvwYwZK cÖKvk‡K Kx e‡j?
miKvwi e¨q, G  100 K) Pvwn`v †iLv L) Pvwn`v m~wP
cwiewZ©Z wewb‡qvM e¨q, I  150 M) e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v N) Pvwn`v mgxKiY
K) AePq e¨q Kx? wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 2 I 3bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
L) GDP I GNP Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`LvI| Kgjv (GKK) ‡gvU Dc‡hvM (BDwUj)
M) DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z †fvM †iLv A¼b K‡iv| 1g 10
N) wewb‡qv‡Mi cwieZ©‡b fvimvg¨ †fvM e¨q I RvZxq Av‡qi †h 2q 19
cwieZ©b nq Zv we‡kølY K‡iv| 3q 27
8| wPÎwU jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: 4_© 34
2| 3q GKK Kgjvq cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM KZ BDwUj?
K) 7 L) 8 M) 9 N) 10
3| DÏxc‡K Kvh©Ki wewai †ÿ‡Î we‡eP¨-
i) wbw`©ó mgq
ii) †fv³vi Avq, iæwP w¯i
iii) Dc‡hvM ch©vqMZfv‡e cwigvc‡hvM¨
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) Wz‡qvcwj evRvi Kx? K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
L) Ôc~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq dvg©‡K Ô`vg MÖnxZvÕ ejv nqÕ - e¨vL¨v 4| ‡KvbwU Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZvi m~Î?
K‡iv| Q Q Q P
K) Ep   L) Ep  
M) DÏxc‡K cÖ`wk©Z dvg©wUi †gvU e¨‡qi cwigvY wbY©q K‡iv| P P P Q
N) DÏxc‡K dvg©wUi ¯^vfvweK gybvdvR©b †ÿ‡Î Mo e¨q †iLv †Kvb Q P P P
we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡e? we‡kølY K‡iv| M) Ep   N) Ep  
9| ' K ' ‡`‡ki wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M )  2000 , wewnZ gy`ªvi P Q Q Q
5| Kvwj I Kjg †Kvb ai‡bi `ªe¨?
cÖPjb MwZ (V)  5 , FYc‡Îi cwigvY
K) cwieZ©K L) †fe‡jb M) cwic~iK N) wbK…ó
(M)  1000 , FYc‡Îi cÖPjb MwZ ( V)  2 Ges 6| Drcv`‡bi DcKiY KqwU?
evwY‡Rï cwigvY (T)  100 | GLb V, V Ges T w¯i K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
Ae¯vq M , M wØ¸Y nq| 7| A_©bxwZ‡Z f‚wg ej‡Z †evSvq-
i) f‚-c„ô ii) evZvm iii) `vjvb‡KvVv
1
A‡_©i g~j¨ Vm  | wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
P K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) wewnZ gy`ªv Kx? 8| ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡eï cÖwZwU GK‡Ki g~j¨‡K Kx e‡j?
L) ÔwbKvk NiÕ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? K) †gvU Avq L) †gvU e¨q M) Mo Avq N) Mo e¨q
M) DÏxcK n‡Z cÖv_wgK I cwiewZ©Z Ae¯vq Vm wbY©q K‡iv|
N) DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z A‡_©i cwigvY ZË¡wU we‡kølY K‡iv| 9| ‡KvbwU kÖg bq?
310
K) kÖwg‡Ki KvR L) wkÿ‡Ki KvR wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) Svo–`v‡ii KvR N) M„wnYxi KvR K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 10 I 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 20 I 21bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
GKwU †`‡ki †gvU Af¨šÍixY Drcv`b (GDP ) 500 wewjqb
Wjvi, Avg`vwb 100 wewjqb Wjvi I ißvwb 200 wewjqb Wjvi|
20| ‡`kwUi GNP KZ wewjqb Wjvi?
K) 400 L) 500 M) 600 N) 700
21| DÏxc‡K Avg`vwb e¨q KZ n‡j GNP  GDP n‡e?
K) 500 L) 400 M) 300 N) 200
22| A‡_©i wewbgq mgxKiY †KvbwU?
K) MV  PT L) MV  PT
10| DÏxc‡K N I N ‡iLv h_vµ‡g Kx wb‡`©k K‡i? M) MV  PT N) MV  MV
K) Mo Avq I Mo e¨q L) cÖvwšÍK Avq I Mo e¨q 23| miKvwi †bvU †KvbwU?
M) †gvU Avq I †gvU e¨q N) cÖvwšÍK e¨q I Mo e¨q K) 2 UvKv L) 50 UvKv M) 100 UvKv N) 200 UvKv
11| DÏxc‡K †h m¤úK©wU cÖKvk cvq Zv n‡jv- 24| Afv‡ei Zzjbvq m¤ú‡ì mxgve×Zv‡K Kx e‡j?
i) ' E ' we›`y‡Z N  N ii) ' E ' we›`y‡Z ev‡g N  N K) `y®úÖvc¨Zv L) wbev©Pb M) Pvwn`v N) †hvMvb
iii) ' E ' we›`yi Wv‡b N  N 25| cÖ‡Z¨K mgv‡R †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v KqwU?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) 5 L) 4 M) 3 N) 2
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 26| cÖ‡Z¨K mgv‡R †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v KqwU?
12| P  AR  MR nq- K) abZvwš¿K L) wgkÖ M) wb‡`©kg~jK M) Bmjvwg
i) cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 27 I 28 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
ii) GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i
iii) evRv‡i `vg w¯i _vK‡j
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
13| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z evRvi Kq cÖKvi?
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
14| ‡Kvb evRv‡i Pvwn`v‡iLv f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj?
K) GK‡PwUqv L) c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK
27| ' X ' `ª‡eï Drcv`b k~b¨ n‡j ' Y ' `ª‡eï Drcv`b KZ?
M) GK‡PwUqvg~jK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv N) Awj‡Mvcwj
K) O L) OB M) AB N) OA
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 15 I 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
28| DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb we›`y‡Z m¤ú‡ì Ac~Y© eënvi wb‡`©k K‡i?
K) A L) B M) E N) F
29| ¯^qswµq `vgeë¯v †h A_©eë¯vi •ewkó¨-
i) abZvwš¿K ii) wgkª iii) wb‡`©kg~jK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
30| ‡Kvb cwiw¯wZ‡Z cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM FYvZ¥K nq?
K) †gvU Dc‡hvM m‡ev©”P n‡j
L) †gvU Dc‡hvM µgea©gvb nv‡i evo‡j
15| DÏxc‡K fvimvg¨ we›`y †KvbwU?
M) †gvU Dc‡hvM n«vm †c‡j
K) E L) F M) G N) H N) †gvU Dc‡hvM µgn«vmgvb nv‡i evo‡j
16| Mo e¨q †iLv ' E ' we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j- 2023 mv‡ji wewfbœ †ev‡W©i cÖkœvewj
i) ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z n‡e ivRkvnx †evW©-2023
ii) A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z n‡e m„Rbkxj-70
iii) †gvU Avq= †gvU e¨q n‡e 1|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? avb (GKK) cvU (GKK)
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 00 50
17| ‡KvbwU‡Z †`‡k Kg©iZ we‡`wk‡ì Avq AšÍf©y³ nq? 30 40
K) GNP L) GNI M) NNP N) GDP 40 30
18| ‡bvU cÖPjb K‡i †Kvb e¨vsK? 50 00
K) RbZv e¨vsK L) K…wl e¨vsK K) A_©bxwZ‡Z wbe©vPb Kx?
M) †mvbvjx e¨vsK N) evsjv‡`k e¨vsK L) A_©bxwZ‡Z mKj Afve GKmv‡_ c~iY Kiv m¤¢e nq bv †Kb?
19| wdkv‡ii A‡_©i cwigvY ZË¡vbyhvqx A‡_©i †hvMvb wØ¸Y n‡j- M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b K‡iv|
i) `vg¯Íi wØ¸Y n‡e ii) `vg¯Íi wZb¸Y n‡e N) av‡bi Drcv`b 30 GKK Ae¯vq cv‡Ui Drcv`b 30 GKK
iii) A‡_©i g~j¨ A‡a©K n‡e Drcv`b m¤¢e wKbv? †Zvgvi DË‡ii ¯^c‡ÿ hyw³ `vI|

311
2| cyw®úZv GKwU mvs¯‥…wZK cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq AskMÖnY Kivi Rb¨ 'X' ‡hLv‡b, C  ‡fvMe¨q, Y  RvZxq Avq, I  wewb‡qvM e¨q,
‡`‡k Mgb Ki‡jv| †m †`‡k bvMwiK‡ì Rxeb LyeB G  miKvwi e¨q|
RvuKRgKc~Y©| †mLv‡b m¤ú‡ì gvwjKvbv, Drcv`b, eÈb Ges K) ¯^q¤¢~Z †fvM Kx?
†fv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î e¨w³i c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv we`¨gvb| †hLv‡b Zvi wb‡Ri L) cÖevmx‡ì Avq GDP ‡Z AšÍf©y³ nq bv †Kb?
†`‡k wkÿv, ¯^v¯¨, evwYR¨ BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î miKvwi wewb‡qv‡Mi M) DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q K‡iv|
cvkvcvwk e¨w³MZ wewb‡qv‡MiI my‡hvM Av‡Q| N) miKvwi e¨q wØ¸Y Kiv n‡j RvZxq Av‡qi Ici Kx cÖfve
K) m¤ú` Kx? co‡e DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
L) Òm¤ú‡ì e¨w³gvwjKvbv abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq †kÖwY‣elg¨ m„wó 8|
K‡iÓ- e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
M) 'X' ‡`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©eë¯v we`¨gvb? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
N) cyw®úZvi †`‡ki mv‡_ 'X' ‡`‡ki A_©eë¯vi Zzjbv K‡iv|
3| Qs  5  5P
‡hLv‡b, Qs = ‡hvMv‡bi cwigvY, P = `vg|
K) A‡cÿK Kx?
L) Pvwn`v †iLv wK me`vB Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx?
M) DÏxcK n‡Z GKwU †hvMvb‡iLv A¼b K‡iv|
N) `vg 4 I 5 we‡ePbv K‡i cÖ`Ë A‡cÿK †_‡K †hvMv‡bi
w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbY©q K‡iv Ges gšÍe¨ K‡iv| K) g‡bvcmwb Kx?
4| L) c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq dvg©‡K `vg MÖnxZv ejv nq †Kb?
`ªe¨ (GKK) ‡gvU Dc‡hvM (GKK) M) DÏxcK n‡Z dv‡g©i gybvdv wbY©q K‡iv Ges D³ gybvdv †Kvb
1g 10 ai‡bi?
2q 16 N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ gybvdv wK mKj †ÿ‡Î AR©b Kiv m¤¢e?
3q 20 gZvgZ `vI|
4_© 20 9|
K) Pvwn`vi ms‡KvPb Kx?
L) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM KLb k~b¨ nq?
M) DÏxcK n‡Z cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b K‡iv|
N) DÏxc‡K wb‡`©wkZ Dc‡hvM wewawU †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î Kvh©Ki
nq bv? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
5|
Drcv`b (Q) †gvU w¯i e¨q ‡gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q
(GKK) (TFC) (TVC) K) Wz‡qvcwj Kx?
1 100 60 L) GK‡PwUqv Kvievwi Kxfv‡e `v‡gi Ici cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i?
2 100 100 M) DÏxcK †_‡K †gvU gybvdv wbY©q K‡iv|
3 100 260 N) SAC ‡iLv hw` 'G' we›`y‡Z ¯úk© K‡i Z‡e gybvdvi Ici Kx
4 100 500 cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
K) †gvU Avq Kx? 10| wbU RvZxq Avq ( NNP )  20,000 ‡KvwU UvKv|
L) `xN©Kv‡j w¯ie¨q _v‡K bv †Kb? AePq e¨q ( DC ) = 2,000 ‡KvwU UvKv|
M) DÏxcK n‡Z Mo e¨q (AC) ‡iLv A¼b K‡iv| wbU ißvwb ( X  M ) =5,000 ‡KvwU UvKv|
N) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K MC ‡iLv A¼b K‡i †iLvwUi AvK…wZ K) GNP Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx?
e¨vL¨v K‡iv| L) e¨w³i PjwZ Av‡qi m¤ú~Y©UvB wK e¨q‡hvM¨?
6|
M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K GDP wbY©q K‡iv|
weµ‡qi cwigvY †gvU Avq (TR ) Mo Avq ( AR )
N) wbU ißvwb k~b¨ n‡j DÏxc‡Ki GNP I GDP Gi g‡a¨
(Q) (GKK)
Kx cwieZ©b Avm‡e? we‡kølY K‡iv|
3 300 100 11| cwj I gwj `yB †evb| cwj Ggb GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b PvKwi
4 400 100 K‡ib hv‡K gy`ªv evRv‡ii AwffveK ejv nq| GwU †bvU cÖPjb,
5 500 100 gy`ªv wbqš¿YI K‡i| gwj Ab¨ GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b KvR K‡ib
6 600 100 †hwU RbM‡Yi wbKU n‡Z AvgvbZ msMÖn K‡i Ges ¯^í I
K) Drcv`b Kx? ga¨g‡gqvw` FY cÖ`vb K‡i|
L) KLb P  AR  MR nq? K) wbKvk Ni Kx?
M) DÏxcK n‡Z cÖvwšÍK Avq (MR) ‡iLv A¼b K‡iv| L) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K FY`v‡bi †kl AvkÖq¯j ejv nq †Kb?
N) hw` weµ‡qi cwigvY e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_ Mo Avq Kg‡Z _v‡K M) cwj †Kvb ai‡bi Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b KvR K‡ib? wPwýZ K‡iv|
Z‡e Zv DÏxc‡Ki evRv‡ii mv‡_ mv`„k¨c~Y© n‡e Kx? †Zvgvi N) cwj I gwji Avw_©K cÖwZôvb `ywUi Kvh©µ‡gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨
gZvgZ `vI| we‡kølY K‡iv|
7| C  50  0.5Y, I  100 , G  200

312
h‡kvi †evW©-2023 K) mÂq L) wewb‡qvM M) †hvMvb N) g~jab
eûwbe©vPwb-30 13| GKK †µZvi evRvi †KvbwU?
1| Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLvi Dcwiw¯Z †h‡Kv‡bv we›`y Kx wb‡`©k K‡i? K) g‡bvcmwb L) Wz‡qvcmwb
K) †eKviZ¡ L) c~Y© wb‡qvM M) A- AR©b‡hvM¨ N) ¯^í Drcv`b M) Wz‡qvcwj N) GK‡PwUqv evRvi
2| ¯^qswµq `vgeë¯v †Kvb A_©bxwZi cÖavb ‣ewkó¨?
K) cyuwRev`x L) mgvRZvwš¿K M) Bmjvwg N) wgkÖ wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 14 I 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
3| ÒcÖ‡Z¨K mgv‡Ri †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v 3wUÓ-gZvgZwU Kvi? ‡Kv‡bv GKwU wkí cÖwZôvb 3 w`‡bi ch©‡eÿ‡Y †`L‡Z †cj †h,
K) A¨vWvg w¯§_ L) Avj‡d«W gvk©vj •`wbK 3 GKK `ªe¨ Drcv`b Ki‡jB Zv‡ì Mo LiP
M) wc. G. m¨vgy‡qjmb N) †R. Gg. †KBÝ ( AC ) me©wb¤œ nq, hvi cwigvY 5 UvKv|
4| Aa¨vcK Gj. iwe‡Ýi msÁv we‡kølY Ki‡j cvIqv hvq- 14| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Drcv`b ¯Í‡i cÖwZôvbwUi •`wbK †gvU LiP KZ
i) Amxg Afve ii) mxwgZ m¤ú` iii) m¤ú‡ì c~Y© eënvi UvKv?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) 9 L) 15 M) 30 N) 45
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 15| hw` cÖwZôvbwU 4 GKK `ªe¨ Drcv`b K‡i, Z‡e-
5| i) MC evo‡e ii) AC evo‡e iii) MC  AC n‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wb‡Pi wPÎ †_‡K 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

i) kÖ‡gi eënvi evo‡e
ii) Drcv`b n«vm cv‡e
iii) g~ja‡bi eënvi Kg‡e 16| Drcv`‡bi cwigvY 40 GK‡Ki †P‡q †ewk n‡j wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK n‡e?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) AC  0 L) AC  20 M) AC  20 N) AC  20
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 17| ÿwZ ¯^xKvi K‡iI dvg© Drcv`b Ki‡e hLb-
6| µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai cÖe³v †K? K) AC  P  AVC L) AC  P  AVC
K) wnKm L) G‡jb M) iweÝ N) gvk©vj M) AC  P  AVC N) AC  P  AVC
7| wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ª‡eï w¯wZ¯vcKZv †Kvb ai‡bi? 18| ‡Kvb evRv‡i mvaviYZ P  MC nq?
K) Aw¯wZ¯vcK ( Ep  1) L) w¯wZ¯vcK ( Ep  1) K) c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
M) GKK w¯wZ¯vcK ( Ep  1) N) Amxg L) GK‡PwUqv evRvi
M) GK‡PwUqv cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRvi
w¯wZ¯vcK ( Ep   )
N) wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv evRvi
8| M‡gi `vg cÖwZ †KwR 35 UvKv n‡Z 50 UvKv n‡j Pvwn`v n«vm †c‡q wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 19 I 2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
10 †KwR n‡Z 7 †KwR nq| G‡ÿ‡Î Pv‡ji `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv KZ?
X ‡Kv¤úvwb Y GjvKvevmx‡ì M¨vm mieivn K‡i _v‡K| GLv‡b
K) 0.3 L) 0.5 M) 0.7 N) 1.5
Ab¨ †Kv‡bv M¨vm mieivnKvix cÖwZôvb †bB| †Kv¤úvwbi Dchy³ Mo
wb‡Pi m~wP †_‡K 9 I 10 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
`ª‡eï GKK cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM (UvKv) e¨q AC  15 UvKv, `vg P  20 UvKv Ges fvimvg¨ weµ‡qi
1 20 cwigvY Q  10 |
2 16 19| DÏxc‡Ki †Kv¤úvwbwU †Kvb evRv‡ii AšÍfz©³?
3 12 K) c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK L) Awj‡Mvcwj
4 8 M) Wz‡qvcwj N) GK‡PwUqv
5 4 20| X ‡Kv¤úvwbi †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨-
6 0 i) †gvU e¨q TC  150 UvKv
9| †gvU Dc‡hvM KZ? ii) A¯^vfvweK gybvdv AwR©Z n‡”Q
K) 16 L) 20 M) 58 N) 60 iii) Mo Avq AR  cÖvwšÍK Avq MR
10| DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ Øviv †Kvb ai‡bi wewa Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
L) µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa 21| CCA - Gi c~Y©iƒc †KvbwU?
M) mgcÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa
N) µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa K) Capital Consumption Allowance
11| hw` †fvM ej‡Z Dc‡hv‡Mi eënvi †evSvq Z‡e Drcv`b ej‡Z L) Cost of Capital in Average
Dc‡hvM m„wó †evSvq|- Dw³wU Kvi? M) Cost of Capital Assumed
K) gvk©vj L) †Kqvb©µm M) †d«mvi N) wç N) Current Cost of Administration
12| Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z Dcv`vb †KvbwU? 22| ¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK †KvbwU?
313
K) Y  C  I L) C  by M) DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨¸‡jv eënvi K‡i GKwU Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv
M) C  a  by N) C  a  (1  b) y A¼b Ki|
23| ‡KvbwU mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv? N) GKB mv‡_ 40 gY avb I 25 gY cvU Drcv`‡bi m¤¢ve¨Zv I
K) 2 UvKvi †bvU L) 5 UvKvi †bvU †h․w³KZv we‡kølY Ki|
M) 10 UvKvi †bvU N) 1000 UvKvi †bvU 2| jvwgqv Ges dvwiqv `ywU wfbœ †`‡k evm K‡ib| jvwgqvi †`‡k
†K›`ªxqfv‡eB A_©‣bwZK Kg©KvÛ cwiPvwjZ nq| wKš‧ dvwiqvi †`‡k
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 24 I 25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
†K›`ªxq cwiKíbvi cvkvcvwk †emiKvwi D‡`¨vMI jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|
2018 m‡bi A I B ‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ Z_¨ wb‡¤œ
K) e¨wóK A_©bxwZ Kv‡K e‡j?
†`qv n‡jv-
L) A_©bxwZ‡Z me Afve GK m‡½ c~iY Kiv m¤¢e bq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
A - †`k B - †`k M) DÏxc‡K jvwgqvi †`‡k we`¨gvb A_©‣bwZK eë¯vi wZbwU
†fvM ( C) 1000 1200 •ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|
wewb‡qvM (I) 500 700 N) DÏxc‡Ki dvwiqvi †`‡ki mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡kj A_© eë¯vi †Kv‡bv
miKvwi e¨q (G ) 300 300 Awgj _vK‡j Zv Av‡jvPbv Ki|
3| wb‡Pi m~wP‡Z Avwid mv‡n‡ei Av‡cj †fvM †_‡K cÖvß Dc‡hv‡Mi
wbU ißvwb ( X  M ) 200 -200
Z_¨ †Ìqv n‡jv:
RbmsL¨v 5.5 †KvwU 5 †KvwU Av‡cj †fv‡Mi ‡gvU Dc‡hvM cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
24| A I B †`‡kj GNP h_vµ‡g- GKK (TU) ((MU)
K) 1800,18000 L) 2000, 2000 1 25
M) 1800, 2000 N) 2000,18000 2 45
25| A I B †`‡ki †ÿ‡Î - 3 60
i) A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v GKB iKg 4 70
ii) B †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK Ae¯v A ‡`‡ki ‡P‡q fv‡jv 5 75
iii) B †`‡ki ißvwb Avg`vwbi †P‡q Kg 6 75
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 7 70
K) i I ii L) ii I iii M) i I iii N) i, ii I iii K) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Kv‡K e‡j?
26| wb‡Pi wP‡Î †Kvb †iLv cÖKvk cvq? L) †fv³vi ÔiæwPÕ µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewai Ici Kxfv‡e
cÖfve †d‡j?
M) DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ eënvi K‡i Avwid mv‡n‡ei cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM
(MU) †iLv A¼b Ki|
N) DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ eënvi K‡i Avwid mv‡n‡ei †gvU Dc‡hvM
(TU) I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi (MU) g‡a¨ m¤úK© wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨
e¨vL¨v Ki|
4| ‡Ìqv Av‡Q, Pvwn`v mgxKiY Q d  16  4P Ges †hvMvb
K) ¯^q¤¢~Z †fvM L) cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvM
M) cÖ‡ivwPZ wewb‡qvM N) ¯^q¤¢~Z wewb‡qvM mgxKiY Qs  2  2P , †hLv‡b Q d = Pvwn`vi cwigvY,
27| wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY Abyhvqx- Q s  †hvMv‡bi cwigvY Ges P = `ª‡eï `vg|
T MV MV T
K) P  L) P  M) P  N) P  K) Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv Kv‡K e‡j?
MV T T MV L) mqvweb †Z‡j `vg e„w× †c‡j mwilvi †Z‡ji Pvwn`vi cwigv‡Yi
28| Money is what Money does' msÁvwU †Kvb A_©bxwZwe‡ì? Ici Kx cÖfve co‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
K) ievU©mb L) µvD_vi M) †KBb&m N) IqvKvi
M) DÏxcK n‡Z fvimvg¨ `vg I Pvwn`v I †hvMv‡bi cwigvY
29| `vg¯Í‡ii mv‡_ gy`ªvi g~‡jï m¤úK© Kxiƒc?
MvwYwZK c×wZ‡Z wbY©q Ki|
i) abvZ¥K ii) FYvZ¥K iii) wecixZgyLx
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? N) `vg hLb 2 UvKv nq ZLb evRvi fvimv‡gï Ici Kxiƒc cÖfve
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii c‡o? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|
30| ‡KvbwU gy`ªvi Pvwn`vi m„wóKvix Dcv`vb? 5| wb‡Pi Q‡K Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯v w¯i †i‡L kÖ‡gi wb‡qvM e„w×i mv‡_ mv‡_
K) †bvU I avZe gy`ªv L) wewb‡qvMKvix cÖwZôvb Drcv`‡bi cwigvY †`Lv‡bv n‡jv:
M) Pvwn`v AvgvbZ N) †gqvw` AvgvbZ kÖ‡gi wb‡qvM (L) 1 2 3 4 5 6
2023 mv‡ji wewfbœ †ev‡W©i cÖkœvewj ‡gvU Drcv`b (TP) 40 70 90 100 100 90
h‡kvi †evW©-2023 †gwUªK Ub
m„Rbkxj-70
1| wb‡¤œi m~wP‡Z ÔavbÕ I ÔcvUÕ Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ mswgkÖY †`Lv‡bv n‡jv| K) Drcv`b Kv‡K e‡j?
mswgkÖY av‡bi Drcv`b (gY) cv‡Ui Drcv`b (gY) L) ¯^íKv‡j †gvU w¯i e¨q (TFC) †iLv f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj nq †Kb?
A 0 30 M) DÏxcK n‡Z †gvU Drcv`b †iLv A¼b K‡iv|
B 30 20 N) K…wl‡Z AvaywbK cÖhyw³ eënv‡ii d‡j DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wewawUi
C 40 0 Kvh©KvwiZv e¨vL¨v Ki|
K) `y®úÖvc¨Zv Kv‡K e‡j?
L) gvbyl‡K †Kb wbev©P‡bi mgm¨vq co‡Z nq?
314
6| GKwU dv‡g©i ¯^íKvjxb fvimvg¨ Ae¯v wb‡¤œi wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv n‡jv: 11| ‡Kv‡bv †`‡k †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó eQ‡i †gvU †fvM e¨q (C)=650 wgwjqb
UvKv, wewb‡qvM e¨q (I)=275 wewjqb UvKv Ges miKvwi e¨q
(G)=350 wewjqb UvKv| A_©bxwZ‡Z †gvU ißvwb Avq (X)=150
wgwjqb UvKv Ges Avg`vwb e¨q (M)=125 wgwjqb UvKv|
K) †gvU †`kR Drcv`b (GDP) Kv‡K e‡j?
L) mÂq I wewb‡qvM Kxfv‡e m¤úwK©Z?
M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki|
N) DÏxc‡Ki †`‡k H eQ‡i hw` AePq e¨q 60 wgwjqb UvKv nq
K) GK‡PwUqv evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? Z‡e RvZxq Av‡q †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b Avm‡e wK? e¨vL¨v Ki|
L) c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AR=MR nq †Kb? PÆMÖvg †evW©-2023
M) DÏxc‡Ki dvg©wUi gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki| eûwbev©Pwb Afxÿv
N) DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î Mo e¨q †iLvi (AC) Ae¯vb †Kgb cwieZ©b ‡mU : N
n‡j dvg©wU ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b Ki‡e? e¨vL¨ vKi| 1| Mo Avq wbY©‡qi m~Î †KvbwU?
7| 2020 mv‡ji Av‡M Ôgvwnb gÐv wgVvBÕ ‡Kvb GK kn‡ii mg¯Í wgwói TU TR TP TC
†hvMvb wbqš¿Y Ki‡Zv| d‡j †µZv‡ì g‡a¨ eva¨ n‡q AwaK `v‡g †mLvb K) AR  L) AR  M) AR  N) AR 
Q Q Q Q
†_‡K wgwó wKb‡Zv n‡Zv| wKš‧ 2020 mvj †_‡K ÔRvIqv` wgóvbœ fvÛviÕ
Ôgv‡qi †`vqvÕ Ô‡fvRb iwmKÕ mn Av‡iv A‡bK dvg© H kn‡i wgwó wewµ 2| AC †iLvi me©wb¤œ we›`y‡Z-
ïiæ K‡i| d‡j Ôgvwnb gÐv wgVvBÕ Avi Av‡Mi g‡Zv AwaK `vg MÖnY i) MC m‡ev©”P ii) MC †iLv DaŸ©Mvgx iii) AC=MC
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| †µZvivI Av‡Mi †P‡q Kg `v‡g wgwó wKb‡Z cvi‡Q| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
Ôgvwnb gÛv wgVvBÕ I Av‡Mi g‡Zv gybvdv AR©b Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) evRvi Kv‡K e‡j? 3| g‡bvcmwb evRv‡i †µZvi msL¨v KZ?
L) GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg© I wkí Awfbœ-e¨vL¨v Ki| K) 0 L) 1 M) 2 N) Amxg
M) 2020 mv‡ji Av‡M Ôgvwnb gÐv wgVvBÕ A_©bxwZi †h evRvi‡K 4| evRvi fvimv‡gï cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© †KvbwU?
wb‡`©k K‡i Zvi wZbwU •ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| K) AR  AC L) AR  MR M) TR  TC N) MR  MC
N) 2020 mv‡ji Av‡M I c‡i Ôgvwnb gÐv wgVvBÕ Gi gybvdv AR©b 5| Qs  5  10 P ‡hvMvb mgxKi‡Y-
cÖwµqvq Kx ai‡bi cv_©K¨ cwijwÿZ nq? Av‡jvPbv Ki|
i) Qs = Aaxb PjK ii) P  ¯^vaxb PjK iii) 5  aªæeK
8| wZb LvZ wewkó GKwU A_©bxwZ‡Z Y=C+I+G, C=60+0.7Y,
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
I=150 Ges I= wewb‡qvM e¨q Ges G=miKvwi e¨q|
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) wewb‡qvM Kv‡K e‡j?
L) e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq Kxfv‡e cvIqv hvq? wPÎwU jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges 6 I 7bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K mvgwMÖK Pvwn`v †iLv (AD) A¼b K‡i
fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq (Y) wPwýZ Ki|
N) hw` wewb‡qvM 50 GKK n«vm cvq Ges miKvwi e¨q 50 GKK
e„w×cvq Z‡e fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi Kx cwieZ©b n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
9| ‡g․mywg kviwgb †eZb †c‡q 10,000 UvKv Rgv w`‡q ÔKÕ e¨vs‡K
GKwU wnmve Lyj‡jb| e¨vs‡Ki g¨v‡bRvi Zv‡K ej‡jb †h, ÔLÕ
e¨vs‡Ki wb‡`©‡k Zv‡ì‡K Avgvb‡Zi 10% A_© wiRvf© wn‡m‡e Rgv
ivL‡Z nq| Aewkó UvKv eû¸Y FY m„wói gva¨‡g Zviv FY w`‡Z 6| wPÎ Abyhvqx †gvU e¨q KZ?
cv‡i| Z‡e ÔLÕ e¨vsK wewfbœ nvwZqvi eënvi K‡i ÔKÕ e¨vs‡Ki K) 6 L) 10 M) 180 N) 300
FY`vb cÖwµqv wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cv‡i| 7| wP‡Î E we›`y‡Z-
K) gy`ªv Kv‡K e‡j? i) `vg = Mo e¨q
L) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K FY`v‡bi †kl AvkÖq¯j ejv nq †Kb? ii) `vg = cÖvwšÍK e¨q
M) DÏxc‡K ÔLÕ †h ai‡bi e¨vsK Zvi wZbwU •ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|
iii) cÖvwšÍK e¨q= cÖvwšÍK Avq
N) ÔKÕ e¨vs‡K †g․mywg kviwg‡bi RgvK…Z Avgvb‡Zi eû¸Y FY wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
m„wói cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Ki|
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
10| ‡Kvb A_©bxwZ‡Z wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M)=500 GKK, wewnZ 8| ¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK †KvbwU?
gy`ªi cÖPjb MwZ (V)=20, e¨vsK A‡_©i cwigvY (M')=400 GKK
K) C  a  by L) C  a  by
Ges e¨vsK A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ (V')=1.5, A_©bxwZ‡Z †gvU
†jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T)=100| M) C  a  by N) C  a  by
K) A‡_©i g~j¨ Kx? 9| ‡KvbwU P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨?
L) †gvevBj e¨vsK Kxfv‡e e¨vswKs Kvh©µg‡K mnR K‡i‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| K) fvZ L) avb M) Mg N) gq`v
M) DÏxcK n‡Z wdkv‡ii wewbgq mgxKiY eënvi K‡i `vg¯Íi (P) 10| GKwU †`‡ki GNP  200, CCA  90 n‡j †`kwUi NNP KZ?
wbY©q Ki| K) 90 L) 110 M) 200 N) 290
N) DÏxc‡K wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) I e¨vsK A‡_©i cwigvY (M') 11| ‡Kvb Dcv`vbwU e× A_©bxwZ‡Z †bB?
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M) miKvwi e¨q (G ) N) wbU ißvwb ( X n )

315
12| C  200 , I  100, G  50, n‡j †gvU RvZxq Avq KZ? 29| DÏxc‡K †Kvb wewa Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q?
K) 200 L) 250 M) 300 N) 350 K) mgvbycvwZK cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa
13| mÂq wbf©i K‡i- L) w¯i cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa
i) e¨‡qi Ici ii) Av‡qi Ici iii) Avgvb‡Zi Ici M) µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? N) µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewa
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
14| ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK cÖavbZ Kq c×wZ‡Z FY wbqš¿Y K‡i?
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
15| mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv †KvbwU?
K) 50 UvKv L) 20 UvKv M) 10 UvKv N) 5 UvKv
16| `vg¯Íi e„w× †c‡j- 30| wP‡Î AB ‡iLvi Xvj-
K) A‡_©i g~j¨ ev‡o L) A‡_©i g~j¨ K‡g K) k~b¨ L) Amxg M) abvZ¥K N) FbvZ¥K
M) A‡_©i g~j¨ k~b¨ nq N) A‡_©i g~j¨ w¯i _v‡K 2023 mv‡ji wewfbœ †ev‡W©i cÖkœvewj
17| wc.G. m¨vgy‡qjm‡bi g‡Z †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi msL¨v- PÆMÖvg †evW©-2023
K) 1 L) 2 M) 3 N) 4 m„Rbkxj-70
18| Aeva cÖwZ‡hvwMZv †Kvb A_©eë¯vi •ewkó¨? ‡mU:02
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M) wgkÖ A_©eë¯v N) Bmjvwg A_©eë¯v weKv‡ki gyL¨ wbqvgK wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| †mLv‡b †fv³vi
19| ‡KvbwU mvgwóK A_©‣bwZK PjK? ¯^vaxbZv †hgb we`¨gvb, †Zgwb gybvdv m‡ev©”PKiYB D‡`¨v³v‡ì
K) Pvwn`v L) Drcv`b M) eÈb N) RvZxq Avq g~j jÿ¨|
wPÎwU jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges 20 I 21bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) mvgwóK A_©bxwZi msÁv `vI|
L) †Kvb A_©eë¯vq c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi aviYv Abycw¯Z?
M) DÏxc‡K ewY©Z A_©eë¯vi •ewkó¨mg~n Av‡jvPbv K‡iv|
N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ A_©eë¯vi mv‡_ wb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯vi
Zzjbvg~jK ch©v‡jvPbv Zz‡j a‡iv|
2|

20| A we›`y‡Z X - `ª‡e¨i Drcv`b KZ?

K) 0 L) 6 M) 9 M) 12
21| wP‡Î A- AR©b‡hvM¨ we›`y †KvbwU?
K) B L) C M) E N) F
22| wb‡Pi †KvbwU evRvi fvimvg¨‡K wb‡`©k K‡i?
K) Pvwn`v > ‡hvMvb L) Pvwn`v = †hvMvb
M) Pvwn`v < ‡hvMvb N) Pvwn`v  ‡hvMvb
23| Pvwn`vi kZ© KqwU? K) `y®úÖvc¨Zv Kx?
K) 1 L) 2 M) 3 N) 4 L) abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vq †Kb Amg eÈb cwiw¯wZi m„wó nq?
24| AvBbRxexi AvBwb mnvqZv †Kvb ai‡bi Dc‡hvM? M) DÏxc‡K †Kvb †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q?
K) iƒcMZ Dc‡hvM L) †mevMZ Dc‡hvM e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
M) ¯’vbMZ Dc‡hvM N) ¯^Z¡MZ Dc‡hvM
25| Q  a  bp Kx ai‡bi A‡cÿK? N) GKwU Rbeûj Dbœqbkxj †`‡k DÏxc‡Ki T1 I T2 Drcv`b
K) Pvwn`v A‡cÿK L) †hvMvb A‡cÿK †K․k‡ji †KvbwU AwaK hyw³hy³ e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
M) Avq A‡cÿK N) e¨q A‡cÿK 3| GK e¨w³ 1g GKK Kjv †_‡K 10 GKK Dc‡hvM jvf K‡i|
26| cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM hLb FYvZ¥K nq ZLb †gvU Dc‡hvM- cieZ©x 2q, 3q, 4_©, 5g I 6ô GKK †_‡K h_vµ‡g 10,8,5,1 I
K) ev‡o L) K‡g M) w¯’i _v‡K N) k~b¨ nq -4 GKK Dc‡hvM jvf K‡i|
27| Drcv`‡bi wPi¯’vqx Dcv`vb n‡jv- K) Dc‡hv‡Mi cwigv‡ci GKK Kx?
K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) msMVb L) Dc‡hv‡Mi msL¨vMZ cwigvc h_v_© bq †Kb?
DÏxcKwU c‡ov Ges 28 I 29bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: M) DÏxcK Abyhvqx †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi GKwU
‡fv‡Mi GKK (Q) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM ( MU ) ZvwjKv cÖ¯‧Z K‡iv|
1 5 N) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Dc‡hvM †iLv I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM †iLvi
2 4 m¤úK© we‡kølY K‡iv|
3 3 4| Rbve, ' X ' ‡KwRcÖwZ 55 UvKv `‡i cÖwZw`b 5 †KwR †gvUv Pvj µq
4 2 K‡ib| ZLb Zvui Avq •`wbK 500 UvKv| †KwRcÖwZ Pv‡ji `vg 45
5 1 UvKv n‡j wZwb •`wbK 3 †KwR Pvj µq K‡ib| hwÌ GLb Zvi
6 0 •`wbK Avq 555 UvKv|
7 -1 K) Xvj Kx?
28| ‡gvU Dc‡hvM KZ? L) Pvwn`vi AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv k~b¨ nq KLb?
K) 17 L) 16 M) 15 N) 14
316
M) Rbve ' X ' Gi †gvUv Pv‡ji Pvwn`v mgxKiYwU MVb K‡iv|
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w¯wZ¯vcKZv Av‡jv‡K NUbvwUi e¨vL¨v `vI|
5| GKwU †`‡ki ' A ' e¨vsK †`kwUi gy`ªv evRv‡ii Awffve‡Ki f‚wgKv
cvjb K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K ' B' e¨vsK RbM‡Yi wbKU †_‡K AvgvbZ
MÖnY K‡i Ges wewfbœ †gqv‡` FY weZiY K‡i|
K) A‡_©i g~j¨ Kx?
L) A_© mvgvwRK gh©v`vi cÖZxK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i- e¨vL¨v K‡iv| K) c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii kZ© D‡jøL K‡iv|
M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ ' A ' e¨vsKwUi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v K‡iv| L) ÿwZ ¯^xKvi K‡iI dvg© Drcv`b K‡i †Kb?
N) gvwjKvbv, D‡Ïk¨ I FY `v‡bi †ÿ‡Î e¨vsK `ywUi Zzjbvg~jK M) DÏxcK †_‡K dvg©wUi fvimvg¨ `vg, Drcv`‡bi cwigvY I
Av‡jvPbv K‡iv| A¯^vfvweK gybvdv wbY©q K‡iv|
6| wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges mswkøó cÖkœmg~‡ni DËi `vI: N) DÏxc‡K dvg©wU hw` ¯^vfvweK gybvdv K‡i Z‡e wP‡Îi †iLv¸‡jv
Kxfv‡e cybwe©b¨¯Í n‡e? wPÎmn e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
Drcv`b (Q) GKK `xN©Kvjxb †gvU e¨q TC
10| ‡Ìqv Av‡Q, S  75  0.75 Y
1 15
2 18
I  300
3 20 ‡hLv‡b, S  mÂq ; Y  RvZxq Avq Ges I  wewb‡qvM|
4 28 K) miKvwi e¨q Kx?
5 40 L) GNI ‡_‡K NNI Kxfv‡e cvIqv hvq?
K) Drcv`b Kx? M) DÏxcK †_‡K fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi wPÎ A¼b K‡iv|
L) cÖvwšÍK Avq †iLv me©`v wb¤œMvgx nq bv- e¨vL¨v K‡iv| N) DÏxc‡K wewb‡qv‡Mi cwigvY wØ¸Y n‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi
M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU e¨q †iLv A¼b K‡iv| Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e wPÎmn we‡kølY K‡iv|
N) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Mo e¨q ( AC ) I cÖvwšÍK e¨‡qi 11| ‡Kvb †`‡ki wewnZ gy`ªv ( M ) = 2000; wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ
( MC ) m¤úK© e¨vL¨v K‡iv| (V ) = 8; FYc‡Îi cwigvY ( M) = 1000; FYc‡Îi cÖPjb
7| MwZ ( V) = 4; ‡jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T ) = 1500|
wewµi `vg ‡gvU Avq Mo Avq cÖvwšÍK Avq K) wbKvkNi Kx?
cwigvY (P) (TR ) ( AR ) ( MR ) L) `vg¯Íi e„w× A_©g~‡jï mv‡_ Kxfv‡e m¤úwK©Z?
(GKK M) DÏxcK †_‡K `vg¯Íi wbY©q K‡iv|
) N) DÏxc‡K ( M ) = 1000 Ges ( M) = 500 n‡j cwiewZ©Z
1 15 15 15 - `vg¯Íi I A‡_©i g~‡jï m¤úK© wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY K‡iv|
2 13 26 13 11 ewikvj †evW©-2023
3 11 33 11 7 eûwbev©Pwb Afxÿv
4 9 36 9 3 ‡mU : K
5 7 35 7 1 1| `vg cÖwµqvq ÔA`„k¨ n¯ÍÕ aviYvwUi cÖeZ©K †K?
K) ¯^íKvj Kx? K) GWvg w¯§_ L) Gj. iweÝ
L) KLb AC  MC nq? M) †R. Gg. †KBbm N) Kvj© gvK©m
2| ‡Kvb A_©eë¯vq mKj A_©‣bwZK Kvh©Kjvc †K›`ªxq cwiKíbvi
M) DÏxc‡K †`qv Z_¨vbyhvqx Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Av‡qi m¤úK© wP‡Î
gva¨‡g wbqwš¿Z nq?
cÖKvk K‡iv| K) Bmjvwg L) wgkÖ M) wb‡`©kg~jK N) abZvwš¿K
N) DÏxc‡K P  15 Gi †ÿ‡Î evRviwU c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK 3| A_©bxwZ‡Z wbev©Pb mgm¨v D™¢‡ei KviY-
evRv‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡j weµ‡qi cÖwZwU ¯Í‡i TR I MR Gi Ici i) Amxg Afve ii) mxwgZ m¤ú` iii) m¤ú‡ì weKí eënvi
Kxiƒc cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v K‡iv| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
8| Zxeª cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wjß 10wU †eKvwi dvg© cÖ‡Z¨‡KB MgRvZxq iæwU
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 4 I 5bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
I we¯‥zU Drcv`b K‡i| cÖ‡Z¨K dvg©B wbR¯^ c‡Yï Avjv`v Avjv`v
weÁvcb w`‡jI gybvdv m‡ev©”PKi‡Yi j‡ÿ¨ wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ mwgwZ
MVb K‡i‡Q| hwÌ D‡`¨vMwU djcÖm~ bv nevi A‡bK ev¯Íe KviY
evRvi •ewk‡ó¨B jyKv‡bv Av‡Q|
K) wkí Kx?
L) c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i c‡Yï cÖK…wZ Kxiƒc? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
M) DÏxc‡K D‡jøwLZ evRv‡ii ¯îƒc D‡jøL K‡iv|
N) DÏxc‡Ki evRviwU Kxfv‡e GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡Z
4| DÏxc‡Ki IQ ‡iLvwU n‡jv-
cv‡i? hyw³ `vI|
K) wbi‡cÿ †iLv L) mg Drcv`b †iLv
M) Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv N) Mo w¯i e¨q †iLv
9| wb‡Pi wPÎwU ch©‡eÿY K‡iv Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|

317
5| T2 ‡K․k‡ji cwie‡Z© T1 ‡K․ki MÖnY Ki‡j- DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 18 I 19bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
i) kÖ‡gi eënvi Kg‡e
ii) Drcv`b Kg‡e
iii) g~ja‡bi eënvi Kg‡e
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
6| ÒKvMR n‡Z eB •ZwiÓ - Kx ai‡bi Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i?
K) †mevMZ L) ¯^Z¡MZ M) KvjMZ N) iƒcMZ
7| Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv abvZ¥K n‡j, `ªe¨wU n‡e-
K) wejvmRvZ L) ¯^vfvweK M) cÖ‡qvRbxq N) wM‡db
8| `vg w¯i Ae¯vq iæwP e„w×i d‡j Pvwn`vi Kx NU‡e? 18| DÏxc‡Ki fvimvg¨ we›`y‡Z †gvU Avq KZ?
K) Pvwn`vi ms‡KvPb L) Pvwn`vi cÖmviY
K) 500 L) 1000 M) 1500 N) 2000
M) Pvwn`vi n«vm N) Pvwn`vi e„w×
19| DÏxc‡K Mo e¨q 10 UvKv †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 15 UvKv n‡j-
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 9 I 10 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
i) AC  P ii) TC  TR iii) AC  AR
Pvwn`vi mgxKiY: D  25  4P
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
‡hvMvb mgxKiY: S  7  2P
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
9| DÏxc‡K fvimvg¨ cwigvY KZ?
20| ‡Kvb ai‡bi evRv‡i †hvMvb m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK nq?
K) 10 L) 13 M) 16 N) 19 K) ¯^íKvjxb evRvi L) AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRvi
10| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `ªe¨wUi `vg 4 UvKv ‡_‡K †e‡o 5 UvKv n‡j, M) `xN©Kvjxb evRvi N) AwZ `xN©Kvjxb evRvi
Pvwn`v w¯wZ¯vcKZv n‡e-
21| GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i P, AR Ges MR Gi †ÿ‡Î-
K) Ed  0 L) Ed  1 M) Ed  1 N) ED  1
1
11| Amxg w¯wZ¯vcK †hvMvb †iLvi Xvj- i) P  AR ii) P  MR iii) MR  AR
K) abvZ¥K L) FYvZ¥K M) k~b¨ N) Amxg 2
12| Mo e¨q wbY©‡qi m~Î n‡jv- wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
TC TC K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
K) AC  L) AC  22| GDP Gi c~Y©iƒc †KvbwU?
Q Q
K) Gross Domestic Product
Q Q
M) AC  N) AC  L) Gross Domestic Production
TC TC M) Gross Dominative Product
13| Drcv`‡bi ÔRxešÍ DcKiYÕ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq †Kvb¸‡jv? N) Gross Dominative Production
K) f‚wg I kÖg L) g~jab I msMVb 23| gy³ A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK e¨q (AE) wbY©‡qi m~Î †KvbwU?
M) f‚wg I g~jab N) kÖg I msMVb K) AE = C+I+G L) AE=C+I
14| ‡gvU Drcv`b (TP ) m‡ev©”P Ae¯vq TP , AP I MP Gi m¤úK© M) AE = C+I+G + (X+M) N) AE = C+I+G+(X-M)
24| cÖ‡ivwPZ †fvMe¨q †iLvi AvK…wZ n‡jv-
Kx n‡e?
K) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj L) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
K) AP  MP L) AP  MP M) evg †_‡K Wv‡b DaŸ©Mvgx N) evg †_‡K Wv‡b wb¤œMvgx
M) AP  TP N) AP  TP 25| E=50+05Y,I=50, G=50; n‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq KZ?
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges 15 I 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) 300 L) 400 M) 500 N) 600
26| The Purchasing Power of Money' MÖ‡ši †jLK †K?
kÖg (L) (Rb) g~jab ( K ) (UvKv) ‡gvU Drcv`b
K) wW. µvD_vi L) ievU©mb
(TP ) (gY) M) Aviwfs wdmvi N) mvBgb wbDK¤^
1 2000 8 27| ‡Kv‡bv e¨vsKwU •e‡`wkK gy`ªv wewbgq bxwZ cªYqb K‡i _v‡K?
2 2000 14 K) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
M) MÖvgxY e¨vsK N) we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK
3 2000 18
28| evwYwR¨K e¨vs‡Ki KvR †KvbwU?
4 2000 19 K) †bvU cÖPjb Kiv L) FY wbqš¿Y Kiv
15| DÏxc‡K 3q GKK kÖwg‡Ki cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b KZ? M) wnmve wbixÿYKiv N) wewbgq wej evÆvKiY
K) 4 L) 5 M) 6 N) 7 wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU co Ges 29 I 30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
16| DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wewai †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨- Y bvgK GKwU †`‡ki gy`ªv evRv‡i Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc:
M=100, T=50, P=30
i) f‚wgi De©iZv cwieZ©bkxj ii) ¯^íKvj iii) cÖhyw³ w¯i
29| DÏxc‡K wdkv‡ii mgxKiY Abyhvqx A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ KZ?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) 2 L) 5 M) 15 N) 20
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 30| DÏxc‡Ki aviYv Abyhvqx `ª‡eï `vg¯Íi e„w× cv‡e hw`-
17| AvqZ‡bi wfwË‡Z evRvi‡K Kqfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq? i) M Gi gvb e„w× cvq
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5 ii) A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ ev‡o
iii) `ª‡eï †jb‡`b w¯i _v‡K
318
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 6| wb‡Pi m~wPwU jÿ¨ Ki:
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii kÖg (GKK) ‡gvU Drcv`b (GKK)
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ 1 30
1| 2 70
X-‡`k Y-‡`k 3 130
¯^qswµq `vgeë¯v mev©waK gybvdv mylg Dbœqb mev©waK mvgvwRK 4 210
AR©b D‡`¨v‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv Kj¨vY Aeva cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi K) gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kx?
Abycw¯wZ L) kÖg‡K Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY ejv nq †Kb?
K) Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Kx? M) DÏxcK n‡Z †gvU Drcv`b (TP) †iLv A¼b K‡iv|
L) †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v Kxfv‡e m„wó nq? N) DÏxc‡Ki m~wPwU Drcv`‡bi †Kvb wewa‡K mg_©b K‡i? we‡kølY Ki|
M) Y †`‡k †Kvb ai‡bi A_©eë¯v we`¨gvb? 7| jvwee mv‡ne ÔKÕ I ÔLÕ `ywU cY¨ µq K‡ib| wZwb †`L‡jb ÔKÕ
cY¨wU eûmsL¨K we‡µZv wfbœ wfbœ is I AvKv‡ii †gvo‡K weµq
N) X I Y †`‡ki `vgeë¯v Kx GKB? e¨vL¨v Ki|
Ki‡Qb| Aciw`‡K ÔLÕ cY¨wU AmsL¨ †µZv we‡µZvi Dcw¯wZ‡Z
wbw`©ó `v‡g µq weµq n‡”Q|
2|
K) Wz‡qvcmwb evRvi Kx?
L) GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i `vg wfbœ nq †Kb?
M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cY¨ `ywU †Kvb evRv‡ii mv‡_ mswkøó? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N) cY¨`ywUi evRv‡ii g‡a¨ Zzjbv Ki|
8| wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

K) wbev©Pb Kx?
L) e¨wóK I mvgwóK A_©bxwZ ci®úi cwic~iK-e¨vL¨v Ki|
M) DÏxc‡K †h †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi K_v Dc¯vwcZ n‡q‡Q
Zv e¨vL¨v Ki|
N) DÏxc‡K P I Q we›`yi g‡a¨ †Kvb we›`ywU wbev©Pb Kiv
evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ hyw³hy³? e¨vL¨v Ki| K) RvZxq evRvi Kx?
3| A I B `ywU `ªe¨| B `ª‡eï `vg 10 UvKv †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 15 UvKv n‡j A L) AwZ ¯^íKvjxb evRv‡i †hvMvb m¤ú~Y© Aw¯wZ¯vcK nq †Kb?
`ª‡eï Pvwn`vi cwigvYn«vm †c‡q 100 GKK †_‡K 50 GKK nq| M) DÏxcK †_‡K dv‡g©i gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
K) Xvj Kx? M) DÏxc‡K dv‡g©i Mo e¨q 5 UvKv n«vm †c‡j gybvdvi Ici Kx
L) wejvmRvZ `ª‡eï Pvwn`v w¯wZ¯vcK nq †Kb? cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M) B `ª‡eï `v‡gi wfwË‡Z A `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki| 9| GKwU A_©bxwZi ‡fvM I wewb‡qvM mgxKiY wb¤œiƒc:
N) AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbY©q K‡i `ªe¨Ø‡qi cÖK…wZi Ici gšÍe¨ C=75+0.5Y
K‡iv| I=200
K) †gvU †`kR Drcv`b Kx?
4| X `ª‡eï cÖwZ GK‡Ki `vg hLb 50 UvKv ZLb †hvMv‡bi cwigvY 100
L) RvZxq Avq cwigv‡ci mgq ïay P‚ovšÍ `ªe¨ I †mev AšÍf©y³ Kiv
GKK| `vg †e‡o 100 UvKv n‡j †hvMvb †e‡o nq 150 GKK|
nq †Kb?
K) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM Kx?
M) DÏxc‡Ki mgxKiY eënvi K‡i fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq wbY©q Ki|
L) †fv³vi iæwP I Af¨vm Kxfv‡e †Kv‡bv `ª‡eï Pvwn`v‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i?
M) DÏxcK A_©bxwZi †Kvb wewawU cÖKvk K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki| N) miKvwi e¨q (G) 300 UvKv hy³ n‡j fvimvg¨ RvZxq Av‡qi
N) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †hvMvb w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbY©q K‡i djvd‡ji Ici Kxiƒc cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
Ici gšÍe¨ K‡iv| 10| wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 800
5| GKwU dv‡g©i Drcv`b I e¨q m~wP wb¤œiƒc: wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V) = 50
Drcv`b (Q) ‡gvU w¯’i e¨q (UvKv) ‡gvU cwieZ©bkxj e¨q e¨vsK gy`ªvi cwigvY (M')=400
1 4 8 e¨vsK gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V')=25
2 4 14 ‡jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 1000
3 4 17 K) PjwZ AvgvbZ Kx?
4 4 24 L) FY wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ †LvjvevRvi bxwZ Kxfv‡e KvR K‡i?
5 4 36 M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯Íi wbY©q Ki|
K) Mo Avq Kx? N) DÏxc‡K wewnZ gy`ªv I e¨vsK gy`ªvi cwigvY wØ¸Y Ki‡j A‡_©i
L) Drcv`‡bi ïiæ‡Z Mo e¨q I cÖvwšÍK e¨‡qi m¤úK© Kxiƒc? g~‡jï Ici Kx cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M) DÏxcK †_‡K Mo e¨q (AC) m~wP ‣Zwi K‡iv| 11| Rbve ivB` GKwU cÖwZôv‡b PvKwi K‡ib| Zvi cÖwZôvbwU AvgvbZ
N) DÏxcK †_‡K cÖvß cÖvwšÍK LiP (MC) †iLvi AvK…wZ m¤ú‡K© MÖnY, FY cÖ`vb Ges ÿz`ª ÿz`ª mÂq GKwÎZ K‡i g~jab MV‡b
gšÍe¨ K‡iv| mnvqZv K‡i| GQvov cÖwZôvbwU cÖevmx‡ì A_© †`‡k †cÖiY, g~jëvb
wRwbmcÎ jKv‡i msiÿb I •e‡`wkK evwY‡R¨ mnvqZvi cvkvcvwk
wkÿve„wË cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|

319
K) AbjvBb e¨vswKs Kx? K) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK L) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
L) A_© Kxfv‡e g~‡jï cwigvcK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i? M) we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK N) wek¦ e¨vsK
M) Rbve ivB` Gi cÖwZôvbwU †Kvb ai‡bi Avw_©K cÖwZôvb? e¨vL¨v 13| D³ e¨vs‡Ki KvR n‡jv-
Ki| i) FY`vb ii) FYwbqš¿Y iii) g~jab MVb
N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cÖwZôvbwUi Kvh©µg g~j¨vqb K‡iv| wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
wm‡jU †evW©-2023 K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
eûwbev©Pwb Afxÿv 14| Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv Kx cÖKvk K‡i?
‡mU:N K) Drcv`‡bi wbw`©ó cwigvY
1| wdkv‡ii ZË¡ Abymv‡i gy`ªvi †hvMvb †KvbwU? L) wewfbœ `v‡g Drcv`‡bi cwigvY
K) MT L) PV M) PV N) MV M) Drcv`b I e¨‡qi m¤úK©
2| ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿‡Yi cwigvYMZ c×wZ †KvbwU? N) `y‡Uv `ªe¨ Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ mswgkÖY
K) F‡Yi †ikwbs L) •bwZK cÖ‡ivPbv 15| i¨vMbvi wd«k A_©bxwZ‡Z Kqfv‡M fvM K‡ib?
M) e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©b N) cÖZ¨ÿ Av‡`k K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
3| AwZwi³ GK GKK `ªe¨ wewµ K‡i †h AwZwi³ Avq nq Zv‡K wK e‡j? 16| cÖPwjZ `v‡g we‡µZv †h cwigvY `ªe¨ weµq Ki‡j B”QzK Zv‡K wK
K) †gvU Avq L) Mo Avq M) cÖvwšÍK Avq N) gybvdv e‡j?
K) Pvwn`v L) †hvMvb M) Drcv`b N) gRy`
4| ‡Kvb evRv‡i cÖvwšÍK Avq †iLv f‚wgA‡ÿi mgvšÍivj?
K) GK‡PwUqv L) Awj‡Mvcwj 17| wb‡`©kg~jK A_©eë¯vi •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
M) GK‡PwUqvg~jK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv N) c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZv i) †K›`ªxq A_©‣bwZK cwiKíbv
wb‡Pi wPÎ Abymv‡i 5 I 6 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: ii) †fv³vi ¯^vaxbZv
iii) mvgvwRK wbivcËv
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
18| wb‡Pi †Kvb `ªe¨¸‡jv ci®ú‡ii cwic~iK?
K) Pv-Kwd L) Kjg-‡cbwmj
M) Ry‡Zv-‡gvRv N) fvZ-iæwU
19| e¨w³MZ Avq †_‡K Ki ev` w`‡j Kx cvIqv hvq?
K) †gvU Avq L) ‡gvU e¨q M) mÂq N) e¨q‡hvM¨ Avq
5| dv‡g©i fvimvg¨ we›`y †KvbwU?
20| A‡_©i Pvwn`v Kq ai‡bi?
K) T L) F M) G N) H
L) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
6| wPÎwU‡Z-
wb‡Pi A‡cÿK `y‡Uv jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges 21 I 22 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
i) AR †iLvi Xvj >MR †iLvi Xvj
Qd=10-P
ii) MR †iLvi Xvj >AR †iLvi Xvj Qs=-2+P
iii) GK‡PwUqv evRv‡ii fvimvg¨ ‡`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q 21| fvimvg¨ `vg KZ?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) 2 L) 4 M) 6 N) 8
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 22| `ªe¨wU webvg~‡j¨ cvIqv †M‡j Pvwn`vi cwigvY KZ?
7| dv‡g©i fvimv‡gï cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© †KvbwU? K) 5 L) 10 M) 15 N) 20
K) AR=MR L) MR=P M) MR=MC N) MR>MC 23| KwZcq we‡µZvi evRvi †KvbwU?
8| C = a + bY GKwU ¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK| GLv‡b ¯^q¤¢yZ †fvM KZ? K) Awj‡Mvcwj L) c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZv
K) a L) b M) aY N) bY M) wØcvwÿK GK‡PwUqv N) g‡bvcmwb
wb‡Pi DÏxcK †_‡K 9I 10 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 24| ‡Kv‡bv †`‡k Kg©iZ we‡`wk‡ì Avq †KvbwU‡Z AšÍf©y³ _v‡K?
kÖg wb‡qvM 1 2 3 4 K) GNP L) GDP
‡gvU Drcv`b 22 27 30 32 M) NNP N) NNI
9| PZz_© GK kÖ‡gi cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b KZ? 25| Pvwn`v †iLvi ¯vbvšÍ‡ii KviY n‡jv-
K) 5 L) 3 M) 2 N) 1 i) iæwPi cwieZ©b
10| DÏxc‡K Drcv`‡bi †Kvb wewa cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q? ii) Avq e„w×
K) µgea©gvb gvÎvMZ Drcv`b L) w¯i gvÎvMZ Drcv`b iii) Avq n«vm
M) µgea©gvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b N) µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
11| c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡ii •ewkó¨ n‡jv- K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
i) K‡qKRb we‡µZv ii) mgRvZxq `ªe¨ iii) dvg© `vg MÖnxZv 26| wb‡Pi †KvbwU‡K Drcv`‡bi Drcvw`Z DcKiY ejv nq?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) f‚wg L) kÖg M) g~jab N) msMVb
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 27| dv‡g©i w¯i e¨q †KvbwU?
wb‡Pi Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K 12 I 13 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) evwofvov L) A¯vqx kÖwg‡Ki gRywi
wg. ingvb GKwU e¨vs‡Ki kvLv eë¯vcK| D³ kvLvq A‡bK PjwZ M) cwienb e¨q N) KvuPvgvj µ‡qi e¨q
I mÂqx wnmve cwiPvwjZ nq| GjvKvi eëmv-evwYR¨ cÖmv‡i GwU wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 28 I 29 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
f‚wgKv ivL‡Q| GKwU †`‡ki †gvU Af¨všÍixY Drcv`b 200 †KvwU UvKv Ges wbU
12| DÏxc‡K ewY©Z e¨vsK wb‡Pi †KvbwUi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©? ißvwb Avq 25 †KvwU UvKv|
320
28| †`kwUi †gvU RvZxq Drcv`b KZ †KvwU UvKv? L) PjK I aªæeK †Kb GK bq?
K) 25 L) 175 M) 200 N) 225 M) DÏxc‡Ki Pvwn`v mgxKi‡Y `ª‡eï `vg 1,2 I 3 UvKv ai K‡i
29| D³ †`‡k- GKwU Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki|
i) ißvwb Avq, Avg`vwb e¨q A‡cÿv †ewk N) DÏxcK Abyhvqx `ª‡eï `vg 3 (wZb) UvKv †_‡K †e‡o 4 (Pvi)
ii) GNP, GDP A‡cÿv eo UvKv n‡j Pvwn`vi w¯wZ¯vcKZv wbY©‡qi gva¨‡g `ª‡eï cÖK…wZ
iii) A_©bxwZ e×cÖK…wZi we‡kølY Ki|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 5| wb‡Pi †Uwe‡j Kgjvi Drcv`b m¤úwKZ Z_¨ †Ìqv Av‡Q:
K) i I ii L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii f‚wg cwigvc g~jab kÖg (GKK) ‡gvU Drcv`b
30| Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZvi m~Î †KvbwU? (&GKK) (GKK) (GKK)
Q Q P P 50 2500 1 60
K) e P  , L) c P  . 50 2500 2 100
P P Q Q
50 2500 3 120
P Q Q P 50 2500 4 130
M) e P  . N) e P  .
Q P P Q K) A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b Kv‡K e‡j?
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ L) ¯^íKv‡j Drcv`‡bi mKj DcKiY cwieZ©b Kiv hvq bv †Kb?
‡mU: 02 M) DÏxcK n‡Z cÖvwšÍK Drcv`‡bi cwigvY¸‡jv wbY©q Ki|
1| wb‡P X †`‡ki avb I fzÆv Drcv`‡bi wewfbœ mswgkÖY †`qv n‡jv: N) DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ A_©bxwZi †Kvb wewai mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©?-cÖvwšÍK
mswgkÖY avb fzÆv Drcv`b †iLv A¼bc~e©K we‡kølY Ki|
M 00 24 6| Mv‡g©›Um eëmvqx wg. bvwnb Gi •Zix †cvkvK KviLvbvi Drcv`b
N 12 21 e¨q m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ wb‡P †`qv n‡jv:
P 21 12 Drcv`‡bi ‡gvU w¯’i e¨q ‡gvU cwieZ©bkxj
Q 24 00 cwigvY (TFC) e¨q (TVC)
K) m¤ú‡ì Ô`y®úÖvc¨ZvÕ Kv‡K e‡j? (GKK) UvKv
L) ÔAmxg Afv‡ei mv‡_ wbev©Pb mgm¨vi m¤úK© i‡q‡QÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki| 1 10 8
M) DÏxcK Abyhvqx Drcv`b m¤¢vebv †iLv A¼b K‡iv| 2 10 14
N) DÏxcK Abyhvqx av‡bi Drcv`b 24 GKK n‡j fzÆvi Drcv`b I 3 10 20
24 GKK Kiv m¤¢e n‡e wKbv? h_vh_ hyw³mn †Zvgvi gZvgZ 4 10 38
we‡kølY Ki| 5 10 80
2| ‡bvgvb Ggb GKwU †`‡ki D”Pwkÿv MÖn‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ wM‡q‡Qb-‡h †`‡ki K) cÖvwšÍK LiP Kv‡K e‡j?
miKvi mKj m¤ú‡ì gvwjK Ges RbM‡Yi Drcv`b, e›Ub I †fv‡Mi L) `xN©Kv‡j w¯i LiP _v‡K bv ‡Kb?
†ÿ‡Î miKvi †K›`ªxqfv‡e cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡i _v‡K| Ab¨w`‡K, M) DÏxcK Abyhvqx Drcv`‡bi cÖ‡Z¨K ¯Í‡i †gvU LiP (TC) wbY©q Ki|
†bvgv‡bi †`‡k Drcv`K I †fv³v wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv N) DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ Abyhvqx hw` GKwU Mo LiP (AC) †iLv A¼b
†fvM K‡i| miKvi A_©bxwZi †Kv‡bv Lv‡Z n¯Í‡ÿc K‡i bv| Kiv nq, Z‡e Zvi AvK…wZ †Kgb n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
K) wgkÖ A_©eë¯v Kv‡K e‡j? 7| ‡mvnvM Mv‡g©›Um (wj.) Gi Drcv`b I evRvi m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ wb‡Pi
L) e¨wóK A_©bxwZ I mvgwóK A_©bxwZ GK bq †Kb? wP‡Î †`qv n‡jv:
M) DÏxcK Abyhvqx †bvgvb †h †`‡ki D”Pwkÿv MÖnY Ki‡Z wM‡q‡Qb
†m †`‡ki we`¨gvb A_©eë¯vi wZbwU •ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki|
N) DÏxc‡K †bvgvb †h †`‡ki D”Pwkÿv MÖnY Ki‡Z wM‡q‡Qb †m
†`‡ki A_©eë¯vi mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki A_©eë¯vi Zzjbv Ki|
3| wb‡Pi ZvwjKvq Kgjvi wewfbœ GKK †_‡K cÖvß Dc‡hvM m¤úwK©Z
Z_¨ †`qv n‡jv:
Kgjv (GKK) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM (BDwUj)
1 16
K) A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi Kv‡K e‡j?
2 12
L) dvg© I wkí GK A‡_© eëüZ nq bv †Kb?
3 8
M) DÏxcK Abyhvqx fvimvg¨ we›`y, `vg I cwigvY wbY©q K‡iv|
4 4
h_vh_ hyyw³ we‡kølY mn|
5 0
N) DÏxc‡Ki wP‡Î †mvnvM Mv‡g©›Um‡K hw` ¯^vfvweK gybvdv AR©b
K) A_©bxwZ‡Z Dc‡hvM Kv‡K e‡j?
Ki‡Z nq, Z‡e Gi Mo LiP (AC) †iLvi Ae¯vb †`LvI I Gi
L) ÔmsL¨vMZ I chv©qMZ Dc‡hvM Gi aviYv g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡QÕ-
KviY e¨vL¨v Ki|
e¨vL¨v Ki|
8| ‡`qv Av‡Q,
M) DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ eënvi K‡i GKwU †gvU Dc‡hvM †iLv A¼b
Ki| ‡fvM A‡cÿK (C)=50+0.5Y
N) DÏxc‡Ki ZvwjKv A_©bxwZi †Kvb Z‡Ë¡i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©? †mB mq¤¢yZ wewb‡qvM (I)=100
ZË¡wU †Kvb †Kvb †ÿ‡Î Kvh©Ki nq bv? e¨vL¨v Ki| miKvwi e¨q (G) = 30
4| ‡Ìqv Av‡Q, K) PviLvZwewkó A_©bxwZi RvZxq Av‡qi mgxKiYwU †jL|
Pvwn`v mgxKiY: Q=20-5P L) we‡`wk‡ì Avq GNP †Z AšÍf©y³ nq bv †Kb?
K) A‡cÿK Kv‡K e‡j? M) DÏxcK Abyhvqx RvZxq Av‡qi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|

321
N) DÏxcK Abyhvqx miKvwi e¨q 50 GKK e„w× Kiv n‡j RvZxq M) Kvi Rb¨ Drcv`b Kiv n‡e
Av‡qi Ici †Kgb cÖfve co‡e-MvwYwZK e¨vL¨vmn we‡kølY Ki| N) Kx Dcv‡q Drc`vb Kiv n‡e
9| ‡`qv Av‡Q, wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 5 I 6 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
¯^íKvjxb †fvM A‡cÿK: C= 150+0.5Y
K) •ØZ MYbv mgm¨v Kx?
L) RvZxq Av‡qi cwigvY I RvZxq †`kR Drcv`b KLb GKB
cwigvY n‡Z cv‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M) DÏxc‡Ki mgxKi‡Y RvZxq Av‡qi (Y) wewfbœ cwigvY †`wL‡q
GKwU †fvM ZvwjKv •Zix K‡iv|
N) DÏxcK n‡Z RvZxq Av‡qi (Y) wewfbœ ¯Í‡i mÂ‡qi cwigvY
wbY©q K‡i mÂq †iLv AvuK Ges AvK…wZ we‡kølY Ki| 5| DÏxc‡K Y `ª‡eï cwigvY k~b¨ (0) n‡j X `ª‡eï Drcv`‡bi
10| X †`‡ki wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M) = 500 cwigvY KZ?
wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V)=10 K) 0 (k~b¨) L) OP M) OQ N) PQ
e¨vsK m„ó gyy`ªvi cwigvY (M1) = 400 6| DÏxc‡K S we›`y Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
‡jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) =500 K) c~Y© wb‡qvM I AwaK Drcv`b L) Ac~Y© wb‡qvM I Kg Drcv`b
K) we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK Kv‡K e‡j? M) AR©b‡hvM¨ Drcv`b N) A-AR©b‡hvM¨ Drcv`b
L) Ô‡gvevBj e¨vswKsÕ Kxfv‡e e¨vswKs Kvh©µg‡K mnR K‡i‡Q? 7| ‡gvU Dc‡hvM m‡ev©”P n‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM KZ n‡e?
e¨vL¨vKi| K) k~b¨ L) FYvZ¥K M) abvZ¥K N) Amxg
M) DÏxcK n‡Z `vg¯Íi wbY©q Ki| 8| ¯^vaxb Pj‡Ki mv‡_ Aaxb Pj‡Ki m¤úK©‡K wK ejv nq?
N) DÏxc‡K Ab¨vb¨ cwigvY w¯i †i‡L ïay wewnZ gy`ªv I e¨vsK m„ó K) aªæeK L) civwgwZ M) Xvj N) A‡cÿK
gy`ªvi cwigvY wØ¸Y Kiv n‡j g~j¨¯Í‡ii Ici †Kgb cÖfve co‡e? 9| Qd=30-3P
MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq wbY©q Ki| (‡hLv‡b Qd=Pvwn`vi cwigvY P= `ª‡eï `vg|)
11| bymivZ Ggb GKwU e¨vs‡K PvKwi K‡ib, †hwU RbM‡Yi bM` A_© mgxKi‡Y P Gi gvb 3 n‡j Qd= KZ?
Rgv iv‡L, Ges RbMY‡K wewfbœ cÖ‡qvR‡b FY cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| K) 3 L) 21 M) 27 N) 30
Ab¨w`‡K bymiv‡Zi eÜz †h e¨vs‡K PvKwi K‡ib Zv †`‡ki gy`ªv 10| wPwb I ¸o ci®úi †Kvb ai‡bi `ªe¨?
mieivn wbqš¿Y K‡i I gy`ªv Qvcv‡bvi GK”QÎ AwaKvi †fvM K‡i| K) cwieZ©K `ªe¨ L) cwic~iK `ªe¨
K) gy`ªv Kv‡K e‡j? M) wM‡db `ªe¨ N) †fe‡jb `ªe¨
L) `vg¯Í‡ii mv‡_ gy`ªvi g~‡jï m¤úK© Kxiƒc-e¨vL¨v Ki| wb‡Pi DÏxcK †_‡K 11 I12 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
M) DÏxcK n‡Z bymiv‡Zi PvKwiiZ e¨vs‡Ki wZbwU •ewkó¨ e¨vL¨v Ki| `ª‡eï `vg (P) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (Qd)
N) DÏxcK Abyhvqx bymiv‡Zi eÜzi PvKwiiZ e¨vsK †`‡ki A_©‣bwZK 5 10
w¯wZkxjZv iÿvq Kxfv‡e f‚wgKv iv‡L-e¨vL¨v Ki| 10 10
w`bvRcyi †evW©-2023 11| Pvwn`vi `vg w¯wZ¯vcKZv KZ?
1. `ªe¨mvgMÖxi `vg ¯^qswµqfv‡e wba©vwiZ nq †h A_©eë¯vq- K) 0 L) 1/2 M) 1 N) 
i) Bmjvwg ii) abZvwš¿K iii) wgkÖ 12| m~wP‡Z cÖ`wk©Z Z_¨ Abyhvqx GKwU Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki‡j Zvi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? AvK…wZ n‡e-
K) i I ii L) i I ii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) Wvbw`‡K wb¤œMvgx L) Wvbw`‡K DaŸ©Mvgx
2| A_©bxwZi hgR mgm¨vØq †KvbwU? M) f‚wg A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj N) j¤^ A‡ÿi mgvšÍivj
K) ¯^qswµq `vgeë¯v I evRvi fvimvg¨ 13| A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b ej‡Z wK †evSvq?
L) mvgvwRK Kj¨vY I wbev©Pb mgm¨v K) wewb‡qvM e„w× Kiv L) bZzb `ªe¨ m„wó Kiv
M) `y®úÖvc¨Zv I wbev©Pb mgm¨v M) bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó Kiv N) DcKiY eënvi Kiv
N) `y®úÖvc¨Zv 14| ¯^íKv‡j †KvbwU cwieZ©bxq e¨q?
3| abZvwš¿K A_©eë¯vi •ewkó¨ n‡jv- K) dv‡g©i Rwg µ‡q e¨q L) evwofvov eve` e¨q
i) †fv³vi ¯^vaxbZv ii) †kÖwY-‡kvlYnxbZv iii) D‡`¨v‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv M) hš¿cvwZ µqRwbZ e¨q N) KvPvugvj µ‡qi e¨q
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi DÏxcK †_‡K 15 I 16 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii f~wgi cwigvY w¯i Ae¯vq kÖg evwo‡q wewfbœ mswgkÖ‡Y wb‡¤œi
wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ¨ K‡i Ges 4bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: Drcv`b m~wP:
mswgkÖY cwieZ©bxq Dcv`vb (kÖg) ‡gvU Drcv`b (GKK)
1g 1 15
2q 2 25
3q 3 32
4_© 4 35
15| 4_© mswgkÖ‡Y cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b KZ GKK?
K) 35 L) 20 M) 9 N) 3
16| DÏxc‡Ki Z_¨ cÖKvk K‡i-
4| DÏxc‡K †Kvb †g․wjK mgm¨v‡K wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q? i) mgvbycvwZK cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa
K) Kx Drcv`b Kiv n‡e ii) cwieZ©bxq Drcv`b mgRvZxq
L) KZUzKz Drcv`b Kivn‡e iii) Drcv`b †K․kj w¯i
322
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi DÏxcKwU jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges 28 I 29 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii GKwU ‡`‡ki wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M)=200
17| ‡h evRv‡i †µZvi msL¨v GKRb Ges we‡µZv AmsL¨ _v‡K, †m wewnZ gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V)=5
evRvi‡K e‡jÑ ‡gvU †jb‡`‡bi cwigvY (T) = 100
K) g‡bvcwj L) Awj‡Mvcwj M) Wz‡qvcwj N) g‡bvcmwb e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi cªPjb MwZ = (V')=5
18| c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i fvimv‡gï kZ© n‡jv- 28| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K `vg¯Íi (P) KZ n‡e?
i) MC = MR K) 5 L) 10 M) 15 N) 20
ii) MC †iLvi Xvj > MR †iLvi Xvj 29| H †`‡k hw` wewnZgy`ªv (M) I e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªv (M') wØ¸Y nq Z‡e
iii) MR †iLvi Xvj > MC‡iLvi Xvj `vg¯Íi (P) KZ n‡e?
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? K) 10 L) 15 M) 20 N) 30
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 30| ‡K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki ¸YMZ FY wbqš¿‡Yi nvwZqvi n‡jv-
19| A_©‣bwZK evRv‡ii †kÖwYwefvM Kiv hvq- i) F‡Yi †ikwbs ii) •bwZK cÖ‡ivPbv iii) †LvjvevRvi bxwZ
i) AvqZ‡bi wfwË‡Z wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
ii) Drcv`‡bi wfwË‡Z K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
iii) cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z m„Rbkxj Ask-70
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 1| iwdK wgqvi GK weNv Rwg‡Z avb Drcv`b nq 30 gY| Avevi cvU
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii Drcv`b Ki‡j nq m‡ev©”P 20 gY| †m Zvi Rwg‡Z GKB cwigvY
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 20 I 21 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: avb Drcv`‡bi Rb¨ 2 GKK kÖg I 10 GKK cyuwR eënvi K‡ib|
weµ‡qi cwigvY (Q) ‡gvU Avq (TR) Avevi 8 GKK kÖg I 1 GKK cywuRI eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| kÖg I
1 10 cyuwRi mswgkÖ‡Yi cwieZ©‡bi Gi Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡Yi ‡Kvb
2 20 cwieZ©b nq bv|
3 30 K) `vg cÖwµqv Kx?
4 40 L) m¤ú‡ì ¯^íZv †Kb †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v?
20| DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb evRv‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? M) DÏc‡K DwjøwLZ avb I cvU Drcv`‡bi ms‡hvM †iLv A¼b K‡iv
K) GK‡PwUqvg~jK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv L) GK‡PwUqv Ges msÁvwqZ K‡iv|
M) c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZv N) Awj‡Mvcwj N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ kÖg I cyuwRi `ywU mswgkÖ‡Yi g‡a¨ †KvbwU
21| DÏxcK Abyhvqx- evsjv‡`‡ki †ÿ‡Î hyw³hy³? we‡kølY Ki|
i) MR=P ii) TR=P iii) `vg wbw`©ó 2| X Ggb GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôvb hv H †`‡ki A_©eë¯v wbqš¿Y K‡i
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? Ges †bvU cÖPjb K‡i| Y Ab¨ GKwU Avw_©K cªwZôvb hv RbM‡Yi
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii KvQ †_‡K AvgvbZ msMÖn K‡i Ges FY cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K| Dfq
22| Db¥y³ A_©bxwZ‡Z mvgwMÖK Av‡qi mgxKiY †KvbwU? cªwZôvb †`‡ki cÖ‡qvR‡b KvR Ki‡jI Zv‡ì jÿ¨-D‡Ïk¨ wfbœ|
K) C+I L) C+I+G K) A‡_©i cÖPjb MwZ wK?
M) C+I+G+(X+M) N) C+I+G+(X-M) L) †Kvb gvby‡li A‡_©i Pvwn`v m„wó nq?
23| ‡KvbwU‡Z we‡`wk‡ì Avq AšÍf©y³ nq? M) X I Y Kx ai‡bi Avw_©K cÖwZôvb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
K) GDP L) NNP M) NDP N) GNP N)ÔDfq cÖwZôvb †`‡ki cÖ‡qvR‡b KvR Ki‡jI Zv‡ì jÿ¨ D‡Ïk¨
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 24 I 25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wfbœÕ-Dw³wUi mZ¨Zv we‡kølY Ki|
ÔKÕ †`k ÔLÕ †`k †_‡K FY wb‡q GKwU we`y¨r †K›`ª ¯vcb K‡i‡Q| 3| wb‡Pi QKwU jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI|
†mLv‡b Dfq †`‡ki kÖwgKiv Kg©iZ| ÔLÕ †`‡ki kÖwgKiv cÖwZ ‡fv‡Mi GKK (Q) ‡gvU Dc‡hvM (TU) cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM (MU)
gv‡m Zv‡ì Avq Zv‡ì wbR †`‡k cvwV‡q †`q| 1 10 10
24| DÏxc‡Ki ÔKÕ †`‡ki GNP ‡Z †KvbwU AšÍf©y³ n‡e? 2  8
K) ÔKÕ †`‡ki kÖwgK‡ì Avq 3 24 
L) ÔLÕ †`‡ki kÖwgK‡ì Avq 4  4
M) ÔKÕ †`‡k ÔLÕ †`‡ki wewb‡qvMK…Z A_© 5 30 
N) Ic‡ii me¸‡jv 6  0
25| DÏxc‡Ki ÔLÕ †`‡ki `GNP' †Z ‡KvbwU AšÍf©y³ n‡e- K) Xvj (Slope) Kv‡K e‡j?
K) ÔKÕ †`‡k Kg©iZ ÔLÕ †`‡ki kÖwgK‡ì Avq L) wM‡db `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLv †Kb DaŸ©Mvgx? e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
L) ÔKÕ †`‡k ÔLÕ †`‡k wewb‡qvMK…Z A_© M) DÏxc‡Ki Lvwj N‡i Dchy³ Z_¨ ewm‡q m~wPwU c~Y© K‡iv|
iii) ÔKÕ †`‡ki kÖwgK‡ì Avq N) DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_ï Av‡jv‡K †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? g‡a¨ m¤úK© wP‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Ki|
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 4| nvmvb mv‡n‡ei evRvi †_‡K wb¤œiƒc Pvwn`v m~wP Abyhvqx X I Y
26| ‡KvbwU mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv? `ªe¨ µq K‡ib|
K) 2 UvKvi †bvU L) 10 UvKvi †bvU `vg (P) X `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi Y `ª‡eï Pvwn`vi
M) 100 UvKvi †bvU N) 1000 UvKvi †bvU cwigvY (DX) cwigvY (DY)
27| ‡KvbwU †K›`ªxq e¨vs‡Ki KvR? 10 120 100
K) wewbg‡qi gva¨g m„wó L) AvgvbZ MÖnY 15 40 90
M) FY wbqš¿Y N) FY cÖ`vb K) Pvwn`vi wba©viK Kx?
323
L) †hvMvb I gRy‡ì g‡a¨ Kxfv‡e cv_©K¨ Kiv hvq? Y=C+I+G
M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K X `ª‡eï Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b K‡iv| I=20
N) X I Y `ª‡eï g‡a¨ †KvbwUi Pvwn`v w¯wZ¯vcK? e¨vL¨v Ki| G=50
5| wb‡Pi QKwU jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: C=100+0.4Y
Drcv`b (Q) ‡gvU w¯’i e¨q (TFC) ‡gvU e¨q (TC) K) cÖvwšÍK †fvM cÖeYZv Kx?
1 10 14 L) †Kvb Ae¯vq GNP>GDP nq?
2 10 20 M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †fvM †iLv A¼b Ki|
3 10 24 N) fvimvg¨ RvZxq Avq DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wP‡Îi gva¨‡g e¨vL¨v Ki|
4 10 40 10| ‡Kv‡bv GKwU †`‡ki A_© evRv‡ii Z_¨mg~n wb¤œiƒc:
5 10 60 wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY (M)=200
K) Drcv`b A‡cÿK Kx? wewnZ gy`ªvi cwigvY MwZ (V)=10
L) hLb MC>AC nq ZLb †gvU LiP Kxfv‡e cwieZ©b nq? e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi cÖPjb cwigvY (M')=100
M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K TVC †iLv A¼b K‡iv| e¨vsK m„ó gy`ªvi cÖPjb MwZ (V')=5
N) DÏxc‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ AC I MC Gi m¤úK© we‡kølY Ki| µqK…Z `ªe¨mvgMÖxi cwigvY (T)=100
6| wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ K‡iv Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: K) A‡_©i dUKv Pvwn`v Kx?
L) A_©‡K g~‡jï cwigvcK ejv nq †Kb?
M) DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_ï wfwË‡Z `vg¯Íi KZ n‡e?
N) DÏxc‡K M = 400 Ges M'=200 n‡j A‡_©i g~‡jï Ic‡i
Kxiƒc cÖfve co‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
11| wb‡Pi Z_¨m~‡Îi Av‡jv‡K cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:

L) `xN©Kv‡j w¯i e¨q _v‡K bv †Kb?
M) DÏxc‡K wK ai‡bi gvÎv Mo Drcv`b Kvh©Ki Av‡Q? we‡kølY Ki|
N) DÏxc‡K IQ2 Ges IQ3 wb‡`©wkZ Drcv`‡bi cwigvY h_vµ‡g
70 Ges 120 n‡j gvÎvMZ Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î Kx ai‡bi cwieZ©b
n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
7| wb‡Pi wP‡Î A I B evRv‡ii AR I MR †iLv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv| K) `y®úÖvc¨Zv (Scarcity) Kv‡K e‡j?
L) wbev©Pb †Kb †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨v? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ A I B †`‡ki A_©eë¯v‡K D`vniYmn
wPwýZ Ki|
N) A I B †`‡ki A_©eë¯vi mgš^‡q AviI †Kv‡bv A_©eë¯vi
Aw¯ÍZ¡ Ly‡uR cvIqv hvq wK? e¨vL¨v Ki|
gqgbwmsn †evW©-2023
K) g‡bvcmwb wK? 1. gvbeRxe‡b cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq m¤ú‡ì ¯^íZv‡K Kx e‡j?
L) GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg© I wk‡íi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ Kiv hvq bv †Kb? K) m¤ú‡ì NvUwZ L) mxgvnxb Pvwn`v
M) wP‡Î A I B †Kvb ai‡bi evRvi? e¨vL¨v Ki| M) m¤ú‡ì `y®úÖvc¨Zv N) mxgvnxb Afve
N) A evRv‡ii fvimvg¨ e¨vL¨v K‡iv hLb AC †iLv AR †iLvi 2| mvgwóK A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq n‡jv-
Ic‡i Ae¯vb K‡i| i) RvZxq Avq ii) my‡ì nvi iii) dv‡g©i gybvdv
8| wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ K‡iv Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wPÎwU jÿ¨ K‡i Ges 3 I 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

3| wPÎvbyhvqx †Kvb we›`y‡Z Drcv`b m¤¢e bq?

K) dv‡g©i fvimv‡gï cÖ_g kZ© Kx?
K) M L) N M) B N) C
L) AR †iLv KLb wb¤œMvgx nq?
4| DÏxc‡Ki ÔC' we›`y‡Z wK wb‡`©k K‡i?
M) DÏxc‡K cÖ`wk©Z dvg©wUi gybvdv wbY©q Ki|
K) Ac~Y© wb‡qvM I AwaK Drcv`b
N) AC †iLv C we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j dvg© Kx ai‡bi gybvdv jvf L) c~Y© wb‡qvM I AwaK Drcv`b
Ki‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki| M) m¤ú‡ì c~Y© eënvi I †eKviZ¡
9| GKwU RvZxq Avq g‡Wj wb¤œiƒc:
324
N) m¤ú‡ì Ac~Y© eënvi I †eKviZ¡ A †`‡ki GDP = 7 wewjqb Wjvi| Avg`vwb = 2 wewjqb Wjvi
5| Pvwn`v †iLv evgw`‡K ¯vbvšÍ‡ii KviY- Ges ißvwb = 4 wewjqb Wjvi|
K) Pvwn`v e„w× L) Pvwn`v n«vm 18| A †`‡ki GNP KZ?
M) Pvwn`vi ms‡KvPb N) Pvwn`v m¤úªmviY K) 6 L) 7 M) 8 N) 9
6| P=AR=MR nq wb‡¤œi †Kvb ai‡bi evRv‡i? 19| A †`‡ki AvšÍR©vwZK evwY‡Rï djvdj Kx n‡e?
K) GK‡PwUqvg~jK L) c~Y©cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK K) jvf L) ÿwZ M) AcwiewZ©Z N) ißvwb Kg‡e
M) Awj‡Mvcwj N) Wz‡qvcwj 20| MvwYwZK cÖwµqvq †hme ivwki gvb AcewZ©Z _v‡K Zv‡K wK e‡j?
7| cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi mgwó‡K wK e‡j? K) civwgwZ L) aªæeK N) ¯^vaxb PjK N) Aaxb PjK
K) †gvU Dc‡hvM L) Mo Dc‡hvM 21| f‚wgi •ewkó¨ n‡jv-
M) cwigvYMZ Dc‡hvM N) chv©qMZ Dc‡hvM i) f‚wg cÖK…wZi `vb
8| µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa ‡ewk cÖ‡hvR¨ nq- ii) †hvMvb mxgve×
K) KzwUi wkí L) eëmvq M) K…wl N) wkí iii) De©ivkw³i cv_©K¨ Av‡Q
9| ‡KvbwU‡Z we‡`wk‡ì Avq AšÍf©y³ nq? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) GDP L) GNP M) NNP N) NI K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
wP‡Î cÖ`wk©Z e¨q †iLv †_‡K 10 I 11 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: DÏxcKwU co Ges 22 I 23 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
AvKivg †nv‡mb wdb¨vÝ I e¨vswKs wel‡q m‡ev©”P wWwMÖ jvf K‡i
XvKvq GKwU e¨vs‡K PvKwi K‡ib| wZwb †h e¨vs‡K KvR K‡ib †mwU
gy`ªv evRv‡i kx‡l© Ae¯vb K‡i| cÖwZôvbwU cÖ‡qvR‡b miKvi‡KI
Avw_©K wel‡q civgk© w`‡q _v‡K|
22| DÏxc‡K †Kvb e¨vs‡Ki K_v ejv n‡q‡Q?
K) K…wl e¨vsK L) evsjv‡`k e¨vsK
M) †mvbvjx e¨vsK N) we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK
23| DÏxc‡K Av‡jvwPZ e¨vsKwU FY wbqš¿Y K‡i Kxfv‡e?
10| wP‡Î STC †iLvi a we›`y‡Z TVC KZ UvKv? i) e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g
K) 100 L) 150 M) 200 N) 250 ii) bM` Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b K‡i
11| STC = KZ? iii) miKvwi FYcÎ µq-weµq Gi Øviv
K) STC = AVC + AFC L) STC = TFC + TVC wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
M) STC = TFC+AVC N)STC = AC + AVC K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
12| wb‡Pi †Kvb e¨qwU miKv‡ii Dbœqb e¨‡qi AšÍf©y³? 24| ‡KvbwU Amxg wewnZ gy`ªv?
K) cÖkvmwbK KvR cwiPvjbv L) miKvwi F‡Yi my` cÖ`vb K) 500 UvKvi †bvU L) 500 UvKvi †PK
M) wkÿv I M‡elYv cÖwZôvb ¯vcb N) eq®‥ fvZv cÖ`vb M) 500 UvKvi WªvdU N) 500 UvKvi cÖvBReÛ
13| S = Y-C mgxKibwU †Kvb ai‡bi A‡cÿK? 25| ‡h evRv‡i AmsL¨ we‡µZv Ges 1 Rb gvÎ †µZv _v‡K Zv‡K e‡j-
K) †fvM L) wewb‡qvM M) mÂq N) Avq K) Wy‡qvcwj L) Wz‡qvcmwb M) g‡bvcwj N) g‡bvcmwb
wPÎwU jÿ¨ Ki Ges 14 I 15 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: wPÎwU jÿ¨ Ki Ges 26 I 27 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

14| DÏxcK Abyhvqx dvg©wUi Drcv`‡bi cwigvY KZ? 26| evRvi fvimv‡g¨i kZ© †KvbwU?
K) 5 L) 10 M) 20 N) 30 K) Pvwn`v  ‡hvMvb L) Pvwn`v = †hvMvb
15| DÏxcK AC †iLv F we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j Kx n‡e? M) Pvwn`v > †hvMvb N) Pvwn`v < †hvMvb
K) gybvdv AcwiewZ©Z _vK‡e L) ¯^vfvweK gybvdv 27| wP‡Î E we›`ywUi ¯vbvšÍi NU‡e hw`-
M) A¯^vfvweK gybvdv N) ÿwZ i) Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b nq
16| ‡gvevBj e¨vswKs Gi †ÿ‡Î Riæwi- ii) Pvwn`v I †hvMvb AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K
i) Kw¤úDUvi ii) †gvevBj †mU iii) wcb †KvW iii) †hvMv‡bi cwieZ©b nq
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
17| ‡KvbwU Drcv`‡bi RxešÍ DcKiY? 28| mxgve× m¤ú‡`i †hvMvb †iLvi Xvj †Kgb n‡e?
K) g~jab L) f‚wg M) msMVb N) kÖg K) abvZ¥K L) FYvZ¥K M) Amxg N) k~b¨

DÏxcKwU co Ges 18 I 19 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: 29| ‡gvU Dc‡hvM m‡ev©”P n‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM-
325
K) m‡ev©”P nq L) me©wb¤œ nq M) abvZ¥K nq N) k~b¨ nq f‚wgi kÖg I ‡gvU Drcv`b cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b
30| Dc‡hvM wbt‡kl Kiv‡K wK e‡j? cwigvY g~jab (TP) (MP)
K) Drcv`b L) †fvM M) mÂq N) wewb‡qvM 1 †n±i 1000 20 KzB›Uvj 20 KzB›Uvj
m„Rbkxj Ask-70 1 †n±i 2000 50 KzB›Uvj 30 KzB›Uvj
1| wg. Rb Gi e¨w³MZ wewb‡qvM K‡i D‡`¨v³v nIqvi cÖej AvMªn| wKš‧ 1 ‡n±i 3000 70 KzB›Uvj 20 KzB›Uvj
Zvi †`‡k Gi †Kv‡bv my‡hvM †bB| †mLv‡b mKj A_©‣bwZK Kg©KvÛ 1 ‡n±i 4000 80 KzB›Uvj 10 KzB›Uvj
miKvi Øviv wbqwš¿Z| Zvi †dmeyK eÜz wg. eªvDb wbR D‡`¨v‡M wewb‡qvM K) Drcv`b A‡cÿK Kx?
K‡i cÖPzi gybvdv AR©b K‡i Zvi cÖwZôv‡bi A‡bK we¯Í…wZ NwU‡q‡Qb| L) ¯^íKv‡j w¯i LiP _v‡K †Kb?
wKš‧ †mLv‡b †kÖwY •elg¨ Ges kÖwgK †kvlY we`¨gvb| M) D³ ZvwjKv n‡Z µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai †iLvwPÎ
K) e¨wóK A_©bxwZ wK? A¼b Ki|
L) wbev©Pb mgm¨vwU g~jZ Kx Kvi‡Y D™¢zZ? e¨vL¨v Ki| N) DÏxc‡Ki wbw`©ó cwigvY Rwg‡Z AwZwi³ kÖg I g~jab wb‡qvM
M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wKg. Rb Gi †`‡ki A_©eë¯vi •ewkó¨ mg~n Ki‡j Drcv`b ev‡o wKš‧ mgnv‡i ev‡o bv welqwU e¨vL¨v Ki|
eY©bv Ki| 6| wb‡Pi ZvwjKvwU jÿ¨ Ki Ges cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:
N) DÏxc‡K wg. Rb Ges wg. eªvDb Gi A_©eë¯vi wgkÖY NwU‡q wK Drcv`‡bi GKK (Q) ‡gvU Avq (TR)
A_©eë¯v •Zix Kiv hvq? †mB A_©eë¯vi •ewkó¨¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki| 1 400
2| Pvwn`v m~wP jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: 2 700
`vg (P) Pvwn`vi cwigvY (Q) 3 900
5 30 GKK 4 1000
10 20 GKK 5 1000
15 10 GKK 6 900
K) Pvwn`v Kx? K) gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kv‡K e‡j?
L) ÔAv‡qi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Pvwn`vi cwieZ©b nqÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki| L) me©`vB AC>AVC nq †Kb?
M) Dc‡iv³ m~wP †_‡K Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki| M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K †gvU Avq †iLv A¼b K‡iv|
N) DÏxc‡K `vgw¯i _vKv Ae¯vq hw` †fv³vi Avq e„w× cvq, Z‡e N) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K AR I MR †iLv A¼b K‡iv Ges G‡ì
wK Pvwn`v †iLvi †Kvb cwieZ©b n‡e? gZvgZ `vI| g‡a¨ m¤úK© †`LvI|
3| 7| wPÎwU jÿ¨ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:

L) GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i we‡µZv‡K `v‡gi ¯ªóv ejv nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
L) wgkÖ A_©e¨e¯vq g~j¨ Kxfv‡e wba©vwiZ nq? †jL|
M) DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K gybvdvi cwigvY wbY©q Ki|
M) DÏxc‡K †Kvb ai‡bi e¨‡qi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? e¨vL¨v Ki| N) AC †iLv H we›`y‡Z ¯úk© Ki‡j Kx ai‡bi gybvdv AwR©Z n‡e|
N) Zzwg wK g‡b K‡iv GKRb Drcv`bKvixi c‡ÿ E, F Ges C DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
we›`y‡Z Drcv`b Kiv m¤¢e? DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki| 8| QKwU jÿ¨ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:
4| wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ¨ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: A B
GKRb we‡µZv eûmsL¨K eûmsL¨v we‡µZv eûmsL¨K
†µZv `vg wbqš¿Y †µZv `ª‡e¨i GKwU wba©vwiZ `vg
K) gybvdv Kx?
L) GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i dvg© I wkí Awfbœ †Kb?
M) A †Kvb ai‡bi evRvi‡K wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N) DÏxc‡K Av‡jvwPZ evRvi `ywUi g‡a¨ †µZviv †Kvb evRv‡i
AwaKZi mš‧wó AR©b K‡i? hyw³mnKv‡i Av‡jvPbv Ki|
9| RvZxq Avq y   r   w  i   
K) Dc‡hvM Kv‡K e‡j? ‡hLv‡b r = LvRbv,w = gRywi,i my`,  gybvdv,  †hvMdj|
L) Ô`v‡gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡bi m¤úK© mggyLxÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki| K) mvgwMÖK Avq Kx?
M) D³ wPÎ †_‡K µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM wewawU e¨vL¨v Ki| L) RvZxq Avq wnmv‡ei mgq †KejgvÎ ÔP~ovšÍ `ªe¨Õ AšÍf©y³ Kiv nq †Kb?
M) DÏxc‡K RvZxq Avq cwigv‡ci †Kvb c×wZ wb‡`©k K‡i? e¨vL¨v Ki|
N) wP‡Î MU †iLvwU f~wg Aÿ‡K †Q` K‡i AviI wb‡P Mgb Ki‡j,
N) RvZxq Avq cwigv‡ci G c×wZ Dbœqbkxj †`‡k Kvh©Ki wKbv Zv
`vg I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hv‡Mi wewawU e¨vL¨v Ki| DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY K‡iv|
10| wg. Avjg GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ, hv †`‡ki mKj Avw_©K
5| ZvwjKvwU jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges wb‡Pi cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI: cÖwZôvb‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© cÖ`vb I FY wbqš¿Y K‡i _v‡K| Ab¨w`‡K

326
wg. wknv‡ei cÖwZôvbwU e¨w³ I cÖwZôv‡bi A_© AvgvbZ wn‡m‡e Rgv
iv‡L Ges wewfbœ e¨w³ I cÖwZôvb‡K wewfbœ †gqv‡` FY cÖ`vb K‡i|
K) AbjvBb e¨vswKs wK?
L) ‡K›`ªxq e¨vsK‡K F‡Yi †kl AvkÖq¯j ejv nq †Kb?
M) wg. Avjg †Kvb ai‡bi Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b Kg©iZ DÏxc‡Ki
Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki|
N) wg. wknv‡ei Avw_©K cÖwZôvbwU †`‡ki Dbœq‡b Kx f‚wgKv cvjb
K‡i? we‡kølY Ki|
11| wg. X GKRb A_©bxwZ wel‡qi cÖfvlK| wZwb ‡kÖwYK‡ÿ gy`ªvi g~j¨
I `vg¯Íi Gi m¤úK© wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q GKRb weL¨vZ
A_©bxwZwe` Gi e³e¨ †ck K‡ib| e³e¨wU n‡jv, Ôgy`ªvi µqÿgZv 9| DÏxc‡Ki E we›`y‡Z cvU Drcv`‡bi cwigvY KZ?
I `vg¯Íi wecixZfv‡e m¤úK©hy³| gy`ªvi cwigvY wØ¸Y n‡j `ª‡eï K) 20 L) 40 M) 50 N) 70
`vg¯Íi wØ¸Y nq wKš‧ gy`vª i g~j¨ A‡a©K nq| 10| DÏxc‡Ki A we›`y Kx wb‡`©k K‡i?
K) wewnZ gy`ªv Kx? K) m¤ú‡ì `ÿ eënvi I c~Y© wb‡qvM
L) e¨vsK nvi Kxfv‡e gy`ªvi †hvMvb‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i? M) m¤úì `ÿ eënvi I †eKviZ¡
M) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ e³e¨wUi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z ZË¡wU Av‡jvPbv Ki| M) m¤ú‡ì Ac~Y© eënvi I c~bw© b‡qvM
N) DÏxcK Abyhvqx gy`ªvi cwigvY Pvi¸Y n‡j gy`ªvi g~j¨ KZ n‡e? N) m¤ú‡ì Ac~Y© eënvi I †eKviZ¡
GKwU MvwYwZK D`vni‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ we‡kølY Ki| 11| c„w_ex‡Z KZ cÖKvi A_© eë¯v we`¨gvb?
gv`ªvmv ‡evW©-2023 K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
eûwbev©Pwb Afxÿv 12| evsjv‡`‡k eZ©gv‡b †Kvb ai‡bi A_©eë¯v we`¨gvb?
1| PjK KZ cÖKvi? K) wgkÖ L) abZvwš¿K M) wb‡`©kg~jK N) Bmjvwg
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5 13| cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM FYvZ¥K n‡j †gvU Dc‡hvM-
2| MwYZ kv‡¯¿ †h ivwki gvb AcwiewZ©Z _v‡K Zv‡K wK e‡j? K) e„w× cv‡e L) n«vm cv‡e M) w¯i _vK‡e N) µgvMZ e„w× cv‡e
K) aªæeK L) PjK M) civwgwZ N) A‡cÿK 14| mvgwMÖK Avq cwigv‡ci c×wZ KqwU?
3| A_©bxwZ‡Z Drcv`b ej‡Z wK †evSvq? L) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5
K) Dc‡hvM m„wó L) bZzb `ªe¨ m„wó 15| mvaviYZ †h †fvM Avq †_‡K ¯^vaxb Zvi Rb¨ †h e¨q nq Zv †Kvb
M) Pvwn`v m„wó N) bZzb Avq m„wó ai‡bi e¨q?
wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 4 I 5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) cÖ‡ivwPZ L) miKvwi M) ¯^q¤¢yZ N) †emiKvwi
iæwn weKvj †ejvq cici 5wU jwjcc †L‡q wb¤œ Dc‡hvM jvf K‡i| 16| GKwU †`‡ki RvZxq Avq *(Y) 12000 ‡KvwU UvKv, wewb‡qvM e¨q
jwjcc GKK ‡gvU Dc‡hvM UvKvq (I) 3500 ‡KvwU UvKv, miKvwi e¨q (T) 2500 †KvwU UvKv n‡j
1 4 †`‡ki †fvM e¨q (C) KZ †KvwU UvKv?
2 7 K) 3000 L) 4000 M) 5000 N) 6000
3 9 17| gvÎvMZ Drcv`b KZ cÖKvi?
4 10 K) 2cÖKvi L) 3 cÖKvi M) 4 cÖKvi N) 5 cÖKvi
5 10 18| wb‡Pi †Kvb `ywU `ª‡eï AvovAvwo w¯wZ¯vcKZv k~b¨ nq-
4| iæwni 3q jwjc‡ci Dc‡hvM KZ? K) ¸o, wPwb L) Pv, wPwb
K) 1 UvKv L) 2 UvKv M) 3 UvKv N) 4 UvKv M) Pvj, ‡Uwjwfkb N) Mvwo, wW‡Rj
5| iwni jwjcc †fv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î †gvU Dc‡hvM- wb‡Pi DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 19 I 20 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:
i) µgea©gvb nv‡i †eov‡”Q kÖg wb‡qvM ‡gvU Drcv`b cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b
ii) µgn«vmgvb nv‡i †e‡o‡Q 1 Rb 2 GKK 2 GKK
iii) m‡ev©”P n‡j cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM k~b¨ n‡q‡Q 2 Rb 5 GKK 3 GKK
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK? 3 Kb GKK 4 GKK
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii 19| Q‡Ki Lvwj N‡i †Kvb msL¨v em‡e?
6| Pvwn`v †iLv evgw`‡K ¯vbvšÍwiZ nq- K) 6 L) 7 M) 9 N) 10
K) Pvwn`v e„w×i Kvi‡Y L) Pvwn`v ms‡KvP‡bi Kvi‡Y 20| Dc‡iv³ QK †_‡K †evSv hvq-
M) Pvwn`v m¤úªmvi‡Yi Kvi‡Y N) Pvwn`v n«v‡mi Kvi‡Y i) †gvU Drcv`b µgea©gvb nv‡i e„w× cvq
7| ‡Kv‡bv e¨w³i gvwmK Avq 10000 UvKv †_‡K †e‡o 15000 UvKv ii) cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b µgvš^‡q e„w× cvq
nIqvq †Kv‡bv`ª‡eï Pvwn`v 100 GKK †_‡K K‡g 50 GKK n‡jv| iii) †gvU Drcv`b µgn«vmgvb nv‡i e„w× cvq
`ªe¨wUi Avq w¯wZ¯vcKZv KZ? wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) -1 L) 0 M) 1 N) 2 K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii
Qd  20  2p 21| Av‡Li †Qveiv †_‡K •Zwi KvMR n‡jv-
8| K) ¯vbMZ Dc‡hvM L) †mevMZ Dc‡hvM
Q s  4  2p M) mgqMZ Dc‡hvM N) iƒcMZ Dc‡hvM
DÏxcK Abyhvqx KZ UvKv `v‡g fvimvg¨ AwR©Z n‡e? 22| dv‡g©i ¯^íKvjxb fvimv‡gï cÖ‡qvRbxq kZ© †KvbwU?
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5 K) MR<AR L) MR>AR
wb‡Pi DÏxcK n‡Z 9 I 10 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI M) MR<MC N) MC ‡iLvi Xvj >MR †iLvi Xvj
23| A_©bxwZ‡Z evRvi ej‡Z wK †evSvq?
327
K) †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó cY¨‡K
L) †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó ¯vb‡K
M) †µZv we‡µZvi `vg KlvKwl‡Z
N) wbw`©ó `v‡g `ªe¨ I †mev µq-weµq Kvh©µg‡K
wb‡Pi wP‡Îi Av‡jv‡K 24 I 25 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI:

K) Wz‡qvcmwb evRvi Kx?

L) c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i dv‡g©i Pvwn`v †iLv f‚wg A‡ÿi
mgvšÍivj nq †Kb? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M) DÏxc‡Ki †Kvb we›`y‡Z dvg© D‡jøwLZ c I g we›`yi †KvbwU‡Z
24| DÏxc‡K fvimvg¨ we›`y †KvbwU?
fvimv‡g¨ DcbxZ n‡e? e¨vL¨v Ki|
K) Eo L) E1 M) E2 N) E3
N) DÏxc‡K AC †iLv f we›`y‡Z ¯vbvšÍwiZ n‡j dv‡g©i Kx cÖfve
25| DÏxc‡K fvimvg¨ Ae¯vq gybvdvi cwigvY KZ?
co‡e?
K) 200 UvKv L) 150 UvKv N) 100 UvKv N) 50 UvKv
26| AvgvbZ KZ cÖKvi? 3| GKwU †`‡k GKwU wbw`©ó eQ‡i †gvU †fvMe¨q (C) 10,000 †KvwU
K) 2 L) 3 M) 4 N) 5 UvKv, wewb‡qvM e¨q (I) 1000 ‡KvwU UvKv, miKvwi e¨q (G) 6000
27| ‡gvevBj e¨vswKs eë¯v AbjvBb eë¯v †_‡K Kxfv‡e Avjv`v? †KvwU UvKv, Avg`vwb e¨q (M) 50 †KvwU UvKv Ges ißvwb Avq
K) `ªæZMwZi †jb‡`b L) kvkv Kvhv©jq wenxb Kvh©µg (X) 300 †KvwU UvKv| g~ja‡bi ÿqÿwZRwbZ e¨q 300 †KvwU
M) ‣e‡`wkK gy`ªv cvIqvi mnR gva¨g N) ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZvi UvKv| GKB mg‡q †`‡k Aew¯Z we‡`wk‡ì Avq 200 †KvwU UvKv
28| M = 4000, V= 4 Ges T = 20 n‡j, P KZ? Ges we‡`‡k Ae¯vbiZ †`wk bvMwiK‡ì †cÖwiZ A‡_©i cwigvY
K) 650 L) 700 M) 750 N) 800 400 †KvwU UvKv|
DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K 29 I 30 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi `vI: K) NNP Gi c~Y©iƒc ‡jL|
bvwRe wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cov‡kvbv †kl K‡i GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôv‡b L) e¨w³i †fvM Zvi e¨q‡hvM¨ Av‡qi Ici wbf©i K‡i-e¨vL¨v Ki|
Kg©KZv© wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| bvwR‡ei cÖwZôvbwU gy`ªv evRv‡i M) DÏxcK n‡Z †`kwUi ‡gvU RvZxq Avq wbY©q K‡iv|
kx‡l© Ae¯vb K‡i| GwU cÖ‡qvR‡b miKvi‡KI Avw_©K wel‡q wewfbœ N) D³ †`‡ki GDP I NNI GKB n‡e wKbv Zv we‡kølY Ki|
civgk© w`‡q _v‡K| 4|
29| bvwRe †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©KZv©?
K) AvšÍRv©wZK e¨vsK L) we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK
M) evwYwR¨K e¨vsK N) †K›`ªxq e¨vsK
30| DÏxc‡Ki cÖwZôvbwU FY wbqš¿Y K‡i-
i) e¨vsK nvi cwieZ©b K‡i
ii) AvgvbZ MÖnY K‡i
iii) †LvjvevRv‡i miKvwi FYcÎ, mÂq cÎ, eÛ BZ¨vw`|
wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?
K) i I ii L) i I iii M) ii I iii N) i, ii I iii K) mvgwóK A_©bxwZ Kv‡K e‡j?
L) e¨w³i Pvwn`v I Avq †Kvb A_©bxwZi Av‡jvP¨ welq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ
M) DÏxc‡K †h †g․wjK A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi K_v Av‡Q Zv Av‡jvPbv
‡mU: L Ki&
1| Rbve Kwei mv‡ne GKRb A_©bxwZ cÖfvlK| wZwb †kÖwYK‡ÿ e¨vsK N) DÏxc‡Ki E I F we›`y‡Z Drcv`‡bi m¤¢vebv I †h․w³KZv
m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q QvÎ‡ì e‡jb A RvZxq e¨vsK Ggb we‡kølY Ki|
GKwU Avw_©K cÖwZôvb hv RbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K AvgvbZ MÖnY K‡i FY 5| Avãyj nvB ÔKÕ bvgK †`‡ki bvMwiK| Zvi †`‡k‡i GKwU †K›`ªxq
cÖ`vb K‡i| ÔBÕ e¨vsK †bvU Qvcv‡bv, miKv‡ii A_©‣bwZK civgk©K, cwiKíbvi Av‡jv‡K mg¯Í A_©‣bwZK Kvhv©ewj cwiPvwjZ nq| wZwb
e¨vsK nvi bxwZ, †Lvjv evRvi bxwZ, bM` Rgvi nvi cwieZ©b eëmv‡qi myev‡` ÔLÕ bvgK GKwU †`‡k ågY K‡ib| wZwb jÿ¨ K‡ib
bxwZmn bvbvwea KvR K‡i| †h, ÔLÕ †`kwU‡Z wb‡Ri D‡`¨v‡M MwVZ Drcvw`Z cÖwZôv‡bi `ªe¨ gybvdv
K) gy`ªv Kx? AR©‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ ¯^qswµqfv‡e wba©vwiZ `v‡g `ªe¨ weµq nq|
K) mvgwóK A_©bxwZ ej‡Z wK †evS?
L) evsjv‡`‡ki `yB UvKvi †bvU †Kb mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv? e¨vL¨v Ki|
L) m¤ú‡ì `y®úÖvc¨ZvB A_©‣bwZK mgm¨vi g~j KviY-e¨vL¨v Ki|
M) DÏxc‡K A e¨vsK †Kvb RvZxq e¨vsK? Gi wZbwU Kvhv©ewj M) DÏxc‡K ÔKÕ †`kwU‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi A_©eë¯v we`¨gvb? e¨vL¨v
ms‡ÿ‡c Av‡jvPbv Ki| Ki|
N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ B e¨vs‡Ki FY wbqš¿Yg~jK bxwZ¸‡jv N) DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ ÔKÕ †`‡ki A_©eë¯vi mv‡_ ÔLÕ †`‡ki
Av‡jvPbv Ki| A_©eë¯vi cv_©K¨ we‡kølYKi|
2| 6| wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ¨ Ki Ges mswkøó cÖkœ¸‡jvi DËi `vI:

328
M) cÖ`Ë DÏxcK n‡Z †Mvm‡Zi †hvMvb m~wP •Zix K‡iv|
N) ¯^vfvweK mg‡qi Zzjbvq C`-Dj-wdZ‡ii mgq †Mvm‡Zi evRvi
fvimvg¨ †h cwieZ©b N‡U Zv DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY Ki|
10| A evwYwR¨K e¨vsK¸‡jv e¨vswKs Kvh©µg mnR I MwZkxj Ki‡Z
cÖhyw³ wbf©i e¨vswKs c×wZ Pvjy K‡i‡Q | G eë¯vq GKRb MÖvn‡Ki
GKwU e¨vs‡Ki wbw`©ó kvLvq GKvD›U _vK‡jI †m GKB e¨vs‡Ki †h
†Kv‡bv kvLv ev Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g UvKv D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
B GKRb e¨w³ e¨vs‡Ki †Kv‡bv kvLvq bv wM‡qI gy‡Vv‡dv‡bi
mvnv‡h¨ N‡i e‡mB bvbv cÖKvi Avw_©K †jb‡`b Ki‡Z cv‡i|b
K) gy`ªvevRvi evRv‡ii AwffveK ‡Kvb e¨vsK?
K) my‡hvM e¨q Kx? L) evsjv‡`‡k 5 UvKvi avZe gy`ªv‡K †Kb mmxg wewnZ gy`ªv ejv nq?
L) Ô‡hvMvb I gRy` GK bqÕ-e¨vL¨v Ki| M) DÏxc‡Ki B As‡ki e¨vswKs eë¯v wPwýZ K‡i `yBwU myweav
M) DÏxc‡Ki cÖ`Ë wP‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ †gvU Dc‡hvM I cÖvwšÍK Dc‡hvM e¨vL¨v Ki|
m~wP •Zix Ki| N) DÏxc‡Ki A As‡ki cÖhyw³ wbf©i e¨vswKs eë¯vi myweav¸‡jv
N) DÏxc‡Ki cÖ`Ë wP‡Î Dc‡hv‡Mi †h wewawU Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q-Zv wPwýZ K‡i mbvZb e¨vswKs eë¯vi mv‡_ Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Ki|
we‡kølY Ki| 11| wb‡Pi wPÎwU jÿ Ki:
7| Qd = 20-4P GKwU Pvwn`v mgxKiY
GLv‡b, Qd =Pvwn`vi cwigvY
Ges P=`ª‡ eï `vg
K) Pvwn`v Kx?
L) Pvwn`v †iLv KLb DaŸ©Mvgx nq? e¨vL¨v Ki|
M) DÏxc‡Ki cÖ`Ë mgxKiY †_‡K Pvwn`v †iLv A¼b Ki|
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332

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