Transport Question 7

The two terminal points of East-West corridor

Question 1
are ............... .
India has the ............... largest road network in
1. Porbandar and Silchar
the world.
2. Mumbai and Dispur
1. second
3. Ahmedabad and Imphal
2. third
4. Surat and Gangtok
3. fourth
Answer: Porbandar and Silchar
4. sixth….Answer: second
Question 8
Question 2
Which mode of transport allows farmers to
............... are the backbone of road
move their perishable products quickly to the
infrastructure in India.
markets?
1. Border Roads
1. Railways
2. Expressways
2. Airways
3. National Highways
3. Roadways
4. State Highways….Answer: National
4. Waterways….Answer: Roadways
Highways
Question 9
Question 3
The railways are divided into ............... which
Which of the following is the longest National
are the basic operating units.
Highway in India?
1. 20 routes
1. NH 77
2. 18 circles
2. NH 7
3. 20 zones
3. NH 5
4. 18 zones….Answer: 18 zones
4. NH 2….Answer: NH 7
Question 10
Question 4
The railway track system is based on which of
What percentage of road traffic is handled by
the following?
the National Highways?
1. Width of the track
1. 10 per cent
2. Length of the track
2. 20 per cent
3. Route of the track
3. 35 per cent
4. Load of the track….Answer: Width of
4. 40 per cent….Answer: 40 per cent
the track
Question 5
Question 11
Which of the following is an important
Which of the tracks is called the India gauge?
difference between a Highway and an
Expressway? 1. Narrow Gauge
1. Presence of multiple roads on an 2. Metre Gauge
Expressway. 3. Broad Gauge
2. Controlled access through absence of 4. All of the above…Answer: Broad
multiple roads on an Expressway. Gauge
3. Presence of large number of Question 12
intersections on an Expressway. The distance between rails in a metre gauge
4. All of the above. is ............... .
Answer: Controlled access through absence of 1. 1.67 m
multiple roads on an Expressway. 2. 1 m
Question 6 3. 0.762 m
The North South corridor connects ............... . 4. 2 m…Answer: 1 m
1. Porbandar to Silchar Question 13
2. Mumbai to Odisha Suburban trains that handle commuter traffic in
3. Srinagar to Kanyakumari cities are mostly ............... .
4. Lucknow to Ghazipur. Answer: Srinagar 1. Diesel Multiple Units (DMUs)
to Kanyakumari 2. Coal Multiple Units (CMUs)

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 3. Electric Multiple Units (EMUs)
Agency responsible for
4. Solar Panel Units (SPUs) Roads
maintenance
Answer: Electric Multiple Units (EMUs)
Question 14 Border roads Border Road Organisation
The rivers of Peninsular India are not ideal for
inland waterways because they are marked by Question 1(b)
number of ............... . Name the two major projects developed by
1. Estuaries NHAI.
2. Waterfalls Answer: Two major projects developed by
NHAI are-
3. Stones and silt on the river beds
1. Golden Quadrilateral
4. Tributaries….Answer: Waterfalls
2. North-South and East-West Corridors
Question 15
Question 1(c)
Which of the following is an advantage of
airways? Transport is the backbone of a country's
economy. Give reasons to support your
1. Ease of crossing difficult terrain
answer.
2. Dependency on weather conditions
Answer: Transport is the backbone of a
3. Carriage of low tonnage country's economy because of the following
4. Fuel used is petroleum reasons-
Answer: Ease of crossing difficult terrain 1. Transportation helps in the better utilisation
Question 16 of the resources of the backward areas by
Inland waterways are ............... and ............... . linking them with the more advanced areas.
1. Expensive; inaccessible 2. It aids in the process of industrialisation and
2. Cheap; environment friendly urbanisation.
3. Cheap; carry low tonnage 3. It removes scarcity of goods during any
4. Cheap; easily cross barriers. crisis.
Answer: Cheap; environment friendly 4. It helps in minimising the effects of natural
disasters.
Answer the following questions
5. It brings in homogeneity and National
Question 1(a) integration in thought and culture through
Name the types of roads used in India. Which easy movement of people and bringing
agency is responsible for maintenance of each them in contact with each other.
category separately? Question 1(d)
Answer: The types of roads used in India are Why is road transport in India considered more
as follows- useful than rail transport? Give reasons to
support your answer.
Agency responsible for
Roads Answer: Road transport in India is considered
maintenance
more useful than rail transport because of the
National National Highways Authority following reasons-
Highways of India 1. Roads make every village and hamlet
reachable.
National Highways Authority 2. Construction cost of roads is much lower
Expressways than that of the railway line.
of India
3. Roads can be constructed even in the
State Public Works Department of areas of difficult terrain and where railway
Highways state/union territory lines do not exist.
4. Roads offer door to door service and
District roads Zilla Parishad thereby, reduce the cost of loading and
unloading.
Gram Panchayats and 5. The movement of goods is safer through
Rural roads National Rural Infrastructure road transport as the chances of pilferage
Development Agency are lesser than in the railways.

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 6. Road transport provides link between Answer: Three problems being faced by the
railway stations and ports and their Indian Railways are-
hinterlands. 1. Indian Railways have to play a double
Question 2(a) role of revenue earning as well as
What is an expressway? Name one fulfilling the social obligations. This is
expressway. because the Railways are seen as a
Answer: Expressways are highways planned commercial organisation on one hand
for high-speed traffic, having few intersection, and it is treated as a social organisation
limited points of access or exit and a divider on the other hand.
between lanes for traffic moving in opposite 2. Railway lines are difficult to construct in
directions. They usually have six to eight lanes. the hilly and mountainous parts of India.
An example is Yamuna Expressway that 3. Obsolete trains, tracks and equipment
connects Greater Noida with Agra. make railway unsafe.
Question 2(b) Question 3(a)
Give two points of difference between What are National Highways?
highways and expressways. Answer: The main roads which are
Answer constructed and maintained by the Central
Government are known as National Highways.
Highways Expressways These are main highways running through the
length and breadth of the country and are the
In expressway, roads backbone of road infrastructure.
In case of highways,
are not multiples. National Highways in India are designated as
multiple roads are
There is a controlled NH followed by the State highway numbers.
there which merge
access where a
with or cross the Question 3(b)
vehicle can enter
highways at many What is the Golden Quadrilateral Project?
through a limited
places. Answer: The Golden Quadrilateral is the
place and no further.
largest express highway project in India. It
Highways may or connects India's four largest metropolies:
Expressways have Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata and Chennai and thus,
may not have
several facilities like forms a quadrilateral of sorts. Bengaluru, Pune,
expressway type
access ramps, lane Ahmedabad and Surat are also served by this
facilities like access
dividers, telephone network.
ramps, lane dividers,
booths, CCTV Question 3(c)
telephone booths,
cameras and mobile
CCTV cameras and Give three economic benefits of the Golden
radars.
mobile radars. Quadrilateral Project.
Answer: Three economic benefits of the
Question 2(c)
Golden Quadrilateral Project are-
Give two advantages and one disadvantage of
1. This highway interconnects many major
railways.
cities and ports. It provides an impetus
Answer:Two advantages of railways are- to truck transport throughout India.
1. Railways transport raw materials to the 2. It enables the industrial growth of all
production units and finished goods to the small towns through which it passes.
markets.
3. It provides vast opportunities for
2. Railways help in reducing sufferings during transport of agricultural produce from
natural calamities. hinterland to major cities and ports for
One disadvantage of railways is that rail export.
transport lacks flexibility of routes. Train tracks Question 3(d)
cannot be laid in every region of the country
Give three points to explain the role of roads in
like in the hilly areas and the remote forested
the economic development of the country.
areas.
Answer: The role of roads in the economic
Question 2(d)
development of the country can be understood
Mention any three problems being faced by the from the following points-
Indian Railways.
1. Roads offer door to door service and
thereby, reduce the cost of loading and
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 unloading. Roads also help farmers to steel. Ports and major urban areas have their
move their perishable products quickly to own freight lines. Thus, railways help in
the markets. accelerating the development of industry and
2. National highways and expressways link agriculture, consequently improving the
various important cities and reduce the time economic conditions in the country.
of travel and distance between mega cities. Further, the railways bind the cultural life of the
3. Construction cost of roads is much lower country as it brings people together from the
than that of the railway lines and roads farthest corners of the country for conducting
connect the fields of raw material to business, sightseeing, pilgrimage, education
industries and markets. etc.
Question 4(a) (ii) The north-eastern part of the country is
What is the significance of an efficient transport marked with the presence of big rivers,
system? dissected relief, dense forests, frequent floods,
landslides and international frontiers, etc. Since
Answer: The significance of an efficient
it is difficult to lay railway lines in hilly terrains
transport system is as follows-
or remote forested areas, railways are not
1. Transportation helps in the better common in North-East India.
utilisation of the resources of the
(iii) North India is better suited for railways and
backward areas by linking them with the
roadways because north India has level land
more advanced areas.
with a gradual slope due to the presence of
2. It aids in the process of industrialisation northern plains and it is easier to build roads
and urbanisation. and lay railway tracks when the land is level
3. It removes scarcity of goods during any and devoid of hilly terrain or remote forested
crisis. areas.
4. It helps in minimising the effects of Question 4(d)
natural disasters. How is the Indian rail network one of the
5. It brings in homogeneity and National largest and busiest networks in the world?
integration in thought and culture Answer: The Indian rail network is one of the
through easy movement of people and largest and busiest networks in the world,
bringing them in contact with one transporting over 18 million passengers and
another. more than 2 million tonnes of freight daily. It is
Question 4(b) the world's largest employer, with more than
Name the types of gauges of railways used in 1.4 million employees. The railways traverse
India. the length and breadth of the country, covering
Answer: The types of gauges of railways used 7,137 stations over a total route length of more
in India are- than 66,030 kilometres.
1. Broad gauge Question 5(a)
2. Metre gauge Name the regulatory body looking after air
3. Narrow gauge transport in India. State any two of its
Question 4(c) functions.
Give a geographical reason for each of the Answer: The Airports Authority of India is
following: looking after air transport in India.
(i) Railways bind the economic and cultural life Two of its functions are-
of the country. 1. It provides aeronautical communication
(ii) Railways are not common in North-East services in the country.
India. 2. It is responsible for creating, upgrading,
(iii) North India is better suited for railways and maintaining and managing civil aviation
roadways. infrastructure.
Answer: (i) Railways constitute the principal Question 5(b)
mode of transportation for freight and Discuss the contribution of Air India in the air
passengers. It binds the economic life of the transport of India.
country as Indian railways carry a huge variety Answer: Air India provides international
of goods ranging from mineral ores, fertilizers, service for both passengers and cargo. It is the
petro-chemicals, agricultural produce, iron and 16th largest airline in Asia, serving 50 domestic

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destinations and 39 international routes and as ocean routes handle 95% of India's foreign
serving over 100 cities. trade by volume and about 70% by value.
Question 5(c) Besides international trade, these routes are
List two advantages and one disadvantage of also used for transportation between the
air transport in India. islands and the rest of the country.
Answer: Two advantages of air transport in Question 6(c)
India are- Give a geographical reason for each of the
1. It is the fastest and comfortable mode of following:
transport. It connects the far flung and (i) The Ganga is navigable from its mouth right
remote areas of the country. upto Allahabad.
2. The speed and ease with which (ii) The Peninsular rivers are not ideal for
aeroplanes can cross mountain barriers, inland water transport.
sandy deserts, large expanses of water or (iii) Mumbai is a harbour and a port.
forests make the air transport Answer
indispensible. (i) The Ganga is navigable from its mouth right
One disadvantage of air transport in India is upto Allahabad because of the following
that it is costly. reasons-
Question 5(d) 1. Ganga is a perennial river fed by
Give two advantages and one disadvantage of monsoon rains in the rainy season and
helicopter services over aeroplane services. melting of snow on the lofty mountains
Answer during dry season.
Two advantages of helicopter services over 2. It is joined by Yamuna, Son,
aeroplane services are- Ramaganga, Gomti, Ghagra, Gandak
1. Helicopters can hover, land and take off and Kosi which increase the depth of
in a vertical position due to its small water in Ganga, which is more than 10
size. Aeroplanes cannot do that. metres up to Allahabad.
2. Helicopter service provides site-seeing 3. The slope of the Ganga is gradual and
for the tourists and offer a wide variety the river bed is free from stones and silt.
of services including flying ambulances (ii) The Peninsular rivers are not ideal for
to hold patients, assistance in loading inland water transport because of the following
water to fight giant fires. reasons-
One disadvantage of helicopter services over 1. These rivers are seasonal as they are
aeroplane services is that the noise and rain-fed.
vibration might cause nausea, pain and motor 2. These rivers are comparatively shorter
dysfunction in the passengers. The comfort than the rivers of northern India.
level is less as compared to an aeroplane. 3. These rivers are marked by a number of
Question 6(a) waterfalls.
Explain why India has an extensive network of (iii) When natural harbours have all the
waterways. facilities of ports they serve as ports. Mumbai
Answer is a harbour as it is surrounded by land on
India has an extensive network of water ways most sides but has an entrance point to the
because it has a long indented coastline. India Arabian sea. It is also a port as it has facilities
also have a good network of inland waterways for loading and unloading of cargo ships as
as it has numerous rivers, canals, backwaters well as buildings and warehouses for storing
and creeks. The river Ganga and Brahmaputra goods and well built transport system.
are perennial rivers and hence are also used Question 6(d)
for inland navigation. Give two advantages and one disadvantage of
Question 6(b) water transport.
Explain the role of oceanic waterways in the Answer
transport sector of India's economy. Two advantages of water transport are-
Answer 1. Inland water transport mode is
Oceanic waterways constitute an important environment friendly and cost effective
role in the transport sector of India's economy mode of transport.

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 2. It is most suitable for carrying heavy and production and finished goods to the points of
bulky material. marking and consumption. Thus, a well
One disadvantage of water transport is that it developed transport network is essential for
depends on weather conditions. industrialisation and urbanisation.
Question 7(a) (iii) Airways are quite useful during natural
What are the two prerequisites of waterways to calamity because it can be used to air-lift
be navigable? people from the affected areas and to air-drop
food, medicines and other necessary things to
Answer
calamity affected people.
The two prerequisites of waterways to be
Question 7(d)
navigable are-
(i) Give two points of difference between a Port
1. Regular flow of water
and a Harbour.
2. Appropriate depth in which the craft can
(ii) On which river and between which two
sail easily.
places does the National Waterway No.2 lie?
Question 7(b)
Answer
Give two points of difference between Inland
(i) Two points of difference between a port and
Waterways and Oceanic Waterways.
a harbour are-
Answer
Port Harbour
Oceanic
Inland waterways
waterways Harbours are natural or
Ports are man- created places,
Inland waterways include made commercial connecting a piece of
Oceanic
rivers, canals, places built along land with a large
waterways
backwaters and creeks the coastline. waterbody, which
include transport
which are deep enough serves as ports.
along the coast
to allow the ships and
line.
boats to navigate safely. The main purpose Harbours are utilised
of ports is loading mainly for providing safe
Coastal and and unloading of parking or anchorage to
foreign trade cargo ships. ships.
Domestic trade takes
usually takes
place through inland
place through (ii) National Waterway No. 2 lies on
waterways.
oceanic Brahmaputra river and connects the North-East
waterways. region with Kolkata and Haldia ports through
Bangladesh and Sunderbans waterways.
Question 7(c)
Give a geographical reason for each of the
following:
(i) Nearly 70 percent of Indians do not use air
transport.
(ii) A well-developed transport network is
important for industrial progress.
(iii) Airways are quite useful during natural
calamity.
Answer
(i) Nearly 70 percent of Indians do not use air
transport because air transport is very costly as
compared to roadways and railways, depends
on weather conditions and it has high freight
rates.
(ii) A well-developed transport network is
important for industrial progress because it
helps in connecting one part of the country with
the other. It facilitates movement of raw
material, fuel, machinery etc., to the points of
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