What is I.T. ?

I.T. stands for "Information Technology," which is a

broad field encompassing the use of computers,
networks, and technology to collect, manages and
process information.

The output of information technology is wide-

ranging and touches almost every aspect of modern
life. Its impact continues to grow as technology
advances and new applications are developed.
 Need of I.T.
Information Technology (IT) is essential in today's world due to its multifaceted contributions that impact various
aspects of our personal and professional lives.

The need for Information Technology arises from several factors:

1. Data Management and Processing
2. Communication and Connectivity
3. Automation and Efficiency
4. Innovation and Technological Advancement
5. Education and Learning
6. Business and Economic Growth
7. Healthcare and Medicine
8.Security and Cybersecurity
9. Entertainment and Media
10.Government Services and Administration
11. Social Connectivity
12. Environmental Monitoring and Sustainability
 Opportunities in I.T.
The field of Information Technology (IT) offers a wide range of
opportunities due to its ever-evolving nature and its integral
role in various industries. Some of them are:
1. Software Development
2. IT Education and Training
3. IT Project Management
4. IT Consulting, Support and Helpdesk
5. Data Science and Analytics
6. Database Management
7. Cybersecurity
8. Cloud Computing
9. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
10. Network and Systems Administration
11. Mobile App Development
12. Web Development and Design
13. IoT (Internet of Things)
14. Quality Assurance and Testing
15. User Interface (UI) and User Experience (UX) Design
Opportunities in I.T. are vast and continue to expand as
technology evolves. They can be broadly classified into three
categories.

Software Development.
I.T. Application.
I.T. Enabled Services (ITES).
Software Development
This is one of the most popular IT career paths. It involves
creating, maintaining, and improving software applications,
websites, and mobile apps. Programming languages and
frameworks vary, and there are roles like front-end, back-end,
and full-stack developers.
 I.T. Application
IT Application is a broad term that can refer to various software
programs, systems, or solutions designed to address specific
information technology needs and functions within an organization or
for personal use. These applications can span a wide range of purposes
and industries.

I.T. Enabled Services (ITES)

Information Technology-Enabled Services (ITES), represent a category
of business services that utilize information technology to deliver
various processes and tasks. ITES encompass a wide range of activities
and functions, often outsourced by businesses to service providers.
These services can include both back-office and front-office operations.
 Categories of ITES
Information Technology-Enabled Services (ITES) can be
categorized into various domains or industry segments
based on the specific functions and services they offer.
These categories may overlap, and service providers often
offer a combination of services.

The major two types of ITES are:

BPO (Business Process Outsourcing)

BPM (Business Process Management)

BPO (Business Process Outsourcing)
Type of BPO Services
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) encompasses a
wide range of services that organizations can outsource
to third-party service providers. These services are
designed to help businesses reduce costs, improve
efficiency, and focus on their core functions.

BPO services can be categorized into several types,

including:

1. Customer support services in Business Process

Outsourcing (BPO) involve the outsourcing of customer
service functions to a third-party service provider. These
services are crucial for businesses to effectively manage
and address customer inquiries, issues, and concerns.
2. Technical support services in Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) involve outsourcing the
management of technical inquiries, troubleshooting, and issue resolution for products or services to a
third-party service provider. This allows businesses to leverage specialized technical expertise, provide
timely support to customers, and maintain operational efficiency.

3. Data entry services in Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) involve outsourcing the manual
input of data from various sources into digital formats. This process helps businesses manage and
organize large volumes of data efficiently.

4. Accounting services in Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) involve outsourcing financial and
accounting tasks to a third-party service provider. This practice allows businesses to streamline their
financial processes, reduce costs, and focus on core activities.

5. Online services in Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) refer to outsourcing various business
functions or processes that are conducted online or through digital channels. BPO providers leverage
internet-based technologies and platforms to deliver a wide range of services.
BPM (Business Process Management)
 Structure of IT-BPM Industry
The structure of an IT-BPM Industry can be divided in to the following categories:

1. Multinational companies (MNCs) in the IT BPM sector refer to large organizations that
operate in multiple countries and provide a range of services related to information technology and business
process management. These companies have a global presence, serving clients across different regions and
industries.
2. Indian service providers (ISPs) in IT BPM refer to companies based in India that specialize in
offering a range of services related to information technology and business process management. These
companies have gained prominence on the global stage due to their expertise, cost-effectiveness, and the
availability of a skilled workforce.

3. Global In-house Centers (GICs) in IT BPM refer to internal units or subsidiaries within a
company that are set up to handle specific functions such as IT services, business processes, or other operational
tasks. These centers are established by organizations to leverage the benefits of in-house capabilities, control
over processes, and access to a skilled workforce.
 Outsourcing
Outsourcing is a business practice where a company contracts out certain tasks or functions to external service
providers instead of handling those tasks in-house. This strategy is often employed to reduce costs, improve
efficiency, and focus on core business activities. Outsourcing can involve various business processes, functions, or
even entire operations.

Key Aspects of Outsourcing:

1. Cost Savings
2. Focus on Core Competencies
3. Access to Specialized Skills
4. Flexibility and Scalability
5. Globalization
6. Risk Management
 Types of Outsourcing
1. Business Process Outsourcing (BPO):
o Front-Office BPO: Customer-facing processes like customer support and sales.
o Back-Office BPO: Internal processes such as data entry, payroll, and accounting.
2. Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO):
o Software Development Outsourcing: Outsourcing software development tasks or projects.
o Infrastructure Outsourcing: Outsourcing IT infrastructure management, including servers and
networks.
3. Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO): Outsourcing high-level tasks that require specialized
knowledge and expertise, often in areas like research, analytics, and consulting.
4. Manufacturing Outsourcing:
o Contract Manufacturing: Outsourcing the production of goods to external manufacturers.
o Component Manufacturing: Outsourcing the production of specific components.
5. Human Resources Outsourcing (HRO):Outsourcing HR functions such as recruitment, payroll
processing, and employee benefits administration.
6. Call Center Outsourcing: Outsourcing customer service and support functions, often
involving telephone-based interactions.
7. Logistics Outsourcing: Outsourcing logistics and supply chain management functions to
third-party providers.
8. Legal Process Outsourcing (LPO): Outsourcing legal tasks such as document review, legal
research, and contract drafting.
9. Research and Development Outsourcing: Outsourcing R&D activities, often in industries like
pharmaceuticals and technology.
10. Marketing Outsourcing: Outsourcing marketing functions, including digital marketing, content
creation, and advertising.
11. Facility Management Outsourcing: Outsourcing the management of facilities, such as
building maintenance and security.
12. Finance and Accounting Outsourcing: Outsourcing financial tasks like bookkeeping,
accounts payable, and financial analysis.
 Applications of IT
Information Technology (IT) finds applications in various fields,
industries, and aspects of our daily lives. The versatility and
impact of IT are evident across multiple domains. Here are some
of the key applications of IT:

1. Communication
• Email and Messaging Services.
• Voice and Video Conferencing.
• Online Chatting.
• FTP and Telnet Services.
• Social Networking and Social
Media Platforms.
2. News and Broadcasting
• Instant Broadcast of Events
• Online Newspaper
• Online New Channels
• News on Social Media Platforms
3. Social Networking
• Social Media Platforms
• Retaining Friendship & Business trough Social Networking sites
4. Education
• Webinar based distant learning methods
• Digital Classrooms
• CBT (Computer Based Training)
• Virtual Classroom
• Online Admission & Counselling
• Online Examination
5. Banking
• Online Payments
• Net Banking
• Cash Withdrawal / Deposit through ATM / CDM
6. Research
• Satellite Launching & Communication
• Robotics & AI Development
• Complex Research Studies using AI
• Measure of Scale of Natural Disasters
• Weather Forecasting & Prediction
7. Military and Defense
• Design of Weapons
• Coding, Decoding & Transmission of Confidential Messages
• Identification & Plotting with the help of Satellites
• Simulation of Missile Operations
8. Criminal Identification and Law Enforcement
• Tracking of Suspicious Person / Location / Object
• Digital Criminal Record
• Analysis of Criminal Nature
• DNA Testing from Samples
• Immigration Record of Foreign Nationals
9. Media and Entertainment
• Easy Access to Music / Movies / Games through Online Platforms
• Animation Movie Creation, Production & Broadcasting
• Digital Recording & Editing of Audio / Video
• Broadcasting of Web Series via Online
10. Printing and Publication
• Instant Online Editing & Correction tools
• Execution & Monitoring of Large Scale Printing
• E-Book & E-Newspaper
• Variety of Promotional Material Design & Printing
11. Business
• Tabulation of Accounts
• Business Communication & Conferencing
• Integration of all Departments (ERP)
• HR Management System
• Advertising & Sale Promotion
12. Engineering and Manufacturing
• CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing)
• Designing of Heavy Engineering Products using CAD (Computer Aided Designing)
13. Sports
• Identification of Training Needs from Physical Records
• Matches / Events Recording to make Improvements in Techniques
• Statistical Analysis of Performances
14. Health and Medical Science
• Telemedicine Services
• Computer Controlled Medical Scanning Devices
• Computerization of Hospital Management
System
• Digital Patient Records
• Computerized Medical Testing Labs
• Computerized Pharmacies

15. Museum and Library

• Tracking of Resources from Record & Feedback from Visitors / Computer
• Digital Historical Data of Objects
• Book Issue Records in Libraries
• Digital Indexing of Books in a Shelf
• Online Access of Books
16. Transportation
• Online Reservation System for Passengers
• Control & Assistance System of Vehicles trough Land / Air / Water
• Traffic & Signal Controlling System
• Computerized Runway / Railway track Guiding Systems in Aircrafts / Trains
• Autopilot System in Trains / Aircrafts
• Flight Data Recording System
• Tracking & Monitoring of Vehicles trough Land / Air / Water