CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY

OF

PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT

FOR

CHIEF JONATHAN

ON

LAGOS STATE.

CONTRACTOR:

LAGOS.

PREPARED BY

FOR:

TEL:
 Table of Contents

1.0 Project Details

2.0 Brief Description of the Project
3.0 Basis of Construction Programme
4.0 Analysis of Construction Limitations
5.0 Details of Personnel
6.0 Details of Statutory Notices
7.0 Construction Site Layout
8.0 Temporary Works
9.0 Materials Handling and Distribution
10.0 Key Operations
11.0 Tool, Plant and Equipment
12.0 Production Methods
12.1 Setting out
12.2 Substructure
12.3 Steel reinforcement
12.4 Concrete works
12.5 Superstructure
12.6 Roof structure
12.7 Roof Covering
12.8 Curtain wall and windows
12.9 Mechanical and Electrical services
12.10 Rendering
12.11 Screeding
12.12 Wall and Floor tiling
12.13 Suspended ceiling
12.14 Hand rail and Balustrade
12.15 Doors and iron mongeries
12.16 Painting
13.0 External works
14.0 Cleaning and Handover
1.0 PROJECT DETAILS

1.1 Project Title: PROPOSED RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT

1.2 Client:

1.3 Address:

1.4 Purpose of Project: RESIDENTIAL

1.5 Site Location: MarylandRESIDENTIAL

LAGOS STATE.

1.6 Sponsor:

1.7 Architect:

1.8 Quantity Surveyor

1.9 Structural Engineer:

1.10 Contractor:

1.11 Mechanical and Electrical Engineers

.
1.12 Prepared by
2.0 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
The site is situated within Maryland Residential Scheme near Bayland
School. The project is construction of Two blocks of Two-storey building on
cellular raft foundation. The ground floor consist of a kitchen, dining room,
guest closet, guest bedsitter, main lounge, store and open garage while the
upper floor consist of private lounge and bedrooms.
2.1 Structure of the Proposed Building
The building is designed as a reinforced concrete structure with solid
reinforced concrete suspended slabs. The building has reinforced concrete
staircases. The external envelop of the buildings as well as the partitions are
of sandcrete block work. While the roof structure is to be made hardwood,
the roof covering is to be long-span aluminum covering.
2.2 Plumbing and Electrical Services
While the electrical installation is to be of conduit system, the plumbing pipe
works are to be UPVC and the soil stack pipe will run vertically on the
internal leave of the walls. The air- conditioning system is to be split unit.
2.3 Finishes
While the ceiling in the upper floor building will be suspended POP ceiling
board on aluminum frame, the ceiling in the rooms on every other floor is to
be the suspended concrete slab rendered in cement/sand and painted.

The windows are of aluminum type, while the entrance door and some other doors
in the building will be doors specified, hardwood panel doors with union mortise
lock and set of lever handles. The walls are to be rendered in cement/sand mortar
and troweled finished to receive paint, except the toilets that are to be rendered and
floated to receive tiles. All floors are to be screeded in cement/sand and floated to
receive tiles.

Key Operations
Each of the buildings comprises the following key operations.
 Setting out.
 Excavation of foundation area and sand fillings.
 Preparation and application of dieldrex anti-termitesolution.
 Reinforced concrete in ground beam and raft slab foundation.
 Back filling with approve earth filling material
 Damp proof membrane include blinding with sandcrete
 Casting of reinforced concrete ground floor raft slab.
 Block work and casting of concrete lintels insitu.
 Reinforced suspended concrete slabs
 Casting in situ structural element beam, column, e.t.c
 Roof structure.
 Taking Physical Measurement of erected roof structure in order to obtain
accurate sizes of aluminum roof covering.
 Plumbing pipework and sanitary wares.
 Electrical conduit and electrical fittings.
 Cement/Sand Rendering.
 Cement/Sand Screeding.
 Suspended Ceiling
 Wall/Floor Tiling.
 Aluminium Windows.
 Hardwood Panel Doors including Mortice union locksand handles.
 Painting.
 Septic tank and Soakaway pit.
 Manholes.
 Furnishing.
 Cleaning of the buildings prior to handling over.

2.6 See the attached document for the bill of quantity. .'
3.0 BASIS OF CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME
The construction programme for the building is based on the operational
methods and sequence of operations described in this construction
methodology. It is assumed that there will not be any serious delay in
payments to the contractor so that the works could be carried out as
programmed.

4.0 ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTION LIMITATIONS.

4.1 Working Hours
There are no restrictions on working hours. Hence, the working hours will
be as follows:
Monday - Saturday: 8:00 am to 5:00 pm

4.2 Site Access r

The access to the site is through a tarred road. The site is easily accessible.
4.3 Delivery
Delivery of materials and components to site could be made anytime of the
day between the hours of 8.00 am and 6:00 pm.
Materialswill be off loaded and stacked or stored as appropriate within the
site.
4.4 Site Security
Two security men will be engaged for day and night to keep watch on
the site.

4.5 Water Table

From the physical observation of the soil, it is believed that the water table is
above the formation level of the ground beam. Hence, provision is to be
made for getting rid of ground water during substructure activities, including
rainwater. A water pump will be made available on site to deal with this.
4.6 Noise .
In view of the fact that the site is beside buildings in the estate, all site
activities would be carried out at low noise level. This becomes necessary in order
not to disturb or inconvenience people in the estate.

4.7 Parking
There is no space to park vehicles within the confine of the site. However,
there is sufficient space at the road side. Parking will be done in a manner
not to obstruct the other road users.
4.8 Specification Restrictions
The following restrictions as may be stated in the specifications issued by
the relevant designers will be adhered to:
 Concrete bay sizes
 Tolerances
 Period between concrete pours
 Time for striking formwork
5.0 DETAILS OF SITE PERSONNEL.
5.1 For effective and proper management of the production process of the site
execution of the proposed building, the services of the under listed positions
will be required permanently on site:
1. Site Manager : Patrick {Builder}
2. Construction Manager: TOPE
3. Survey Assistant : MICHEAL
4. Site Clerk :
5. Storekeeper
6. General Labour Head:
 5.2 Gang Size.
The table below show the proposed gangs for the project
SIN OPERATION ARTISAN lABOlIR NUMBER OUTPUT/GANG
OF GANGS DAY

1 Excavation of trenches 1 6 2 25 Cm
.., Formwork 2
2 5 1
Preparation &fixing
3 3 1 2 2Ton
Reinforcement
4 Concreting –ground beam,slabs, 4 10 1
columns, roof beamswall,
6 4 2 800sm
5 Blockwork
2
4 4 80sm
6 Electrical Conduct &Cabling
7 Concreting - Slab 4 1 2
8 Roof Structure 3 1 30Cm
9 Roof Covering 4 2 I
10 Aluminium Windows 4 2 2
11 Plumbing 4 1 1
12 Rendering 4 2 4 60sm
13 Screeding 4 8 2 130sm
14 Wall and Floor Tiling 4 3 2 150sm
15 Suspended Ceiling 4 2 2 30sm

16 Painting 4 1 1 100sm

6.0 DETAILS OF STATUTORY NOTICES.

6.1 During the site execution of the buildings, the following notices are to
be given to the designer sand relevant Government agencies as the
case may be:
i Notice to commence work
ii Notice to start excavation on satisfactory completion of setting out.
iii Provision of evidence of professional input relevant construction
professionals.
iv Obtain stage satisfactory completion certificates.
v Notice of practical completion.
vi Obtain for the employer "Certificate of Completion and Fitness for
Habitation.
6.2 Materials Stacking Permit
Materials stacking permit will be obtained from the local authority.

7.0 CONSTRUCTION SITE LAYOUT

7.1 Access Point
Access to the site will be though an existing tarred road within the Estate.
7.2Location of Site Accommodation
The site office, stores, canteen, and workshop will be constructed from wood and
corrugated iron roofing sheet.
7.3 Hoarding and Fence
The entire site is fenced with access gate.

r
7.4 Temporary Services
7.4.1 Water for the Works
A bore hole will be provided on site as one of the first activities on the site.
Overhead water storage tank, ground tanks and hoses will be provided for
distribution of water on site.
7.4.2 Power
A Generator will also be installed on site as a backup in case of power
failure from PHCN. Armored cables will be run above ground to various
locations around the site. Each floor of the buildings will be provided with
220 Volt distribution system Plug-in boxes as the building becomes
progressively water tight.
100 Walt bulbs and fluorescent tubes will provide general lighting to
basement, stairwells, toilet areas, room and general floor areas. Halogen
floodlights will be attached to the fence walls and the site office to
illuminate the site at night.
The temporary power and lighting system will be installed, altered and
maintained by Trade tested electricians. The system will be installed to meet
all PHCN / safety regulations and will be periodically inspected by one of
our electrical engineers.
7.4.3 Telephones
At the commencement of the project, mtn mobile telephone line and will be
installed in the site office. In addition, a Glo mobile line will also be made
available for the Site Manager.
7.4.4 Disposal of Solid Waste Debris
Excavated materials will be stockpiled on site and used for filling and
surplus carted away from site to agreed tip. All wastes and debris arising
from the construction activities will be removed and. stacked in designated
areas, from where they will finally be removed from site to agreed pit.
8.0 TEMPORARY WORKS
8.1 Criteria for the Design of Falsework
In designing the false work on the project, the following items were
considered in detail:
8.1.1 Check on vertical, lateral and longitudinal dead, superincumbent,
wind and other relevant loads.
8.1.2 Check for strength, force components, deflections and centering.
8.1.3 Check on the vertical capacity of the false work, its resistance to
instability from lateral loading and/or overturning.
8.1.4 Check on the design of all connections, nodes and beams for
strength, eccentricity, buckling and crusting and all bolts and welds.
8.1.5 Check on the deflections of the overall false work system and
components.
8.1.6 Check on the fact that load distribution at transfer points is achieved
in an appropriate manner.
8.1.7 Check to ensure that erection of every falsework can be carried out
safely and efficiently.
8.1.8 Provision of a comprehensive guide as to the exact erection and
operational procedure to be adopted regarding use of the falsework.
8.1.9 Provision of adequate warning against alteration of the falsework
and provision of drawings showing all members and details.
6.1.10.1 Before each design was finalized, the design was rechecked.
8.2 Earth work support

Earthwork support will be made available for the edges of the

building area while excavating and septic and soak away pits.
8.3 Formwork
Formwork to be used on the project will be constructed so that it will
provides support until the concrete gains sufficient strength to support
its own weight and any superincumbent loads.
Generally, the formwork to be used on the project for columns,
 beams, walls and slabs are to be framed wooden plank shuttering.
All the wedging clamps for column, beams and walls are to be made
of wood. The supports for columns, beams and wall formworks will
be bamboo and wooden props. The props and struts are to be fixed
vertically and braced
All ties, props and scaffold fittings are to be made and constructed
tight and secured against vibration before and during concreting
operations. Formworks are to be aligned correctly and we will ensure
that they are level.
Inserts and boxing for holes, chases etc. will be fixed securely in
position by binding wires and/or bracing so that they will not be
displaced when concrete is poured.
Before each use of formwork, we will clean the contact surfaces
carefully and dry them before applying diesel as release agent. We will
allow the diesel to dry up before placing reinforcement.
The time specified by the structural engineer for striking each type/
sections of formwork will be adhered to. Instruction signed by the Site
Manager will be the condition precedent to striking of all formworks
on the project. Concrete will be propped as necessary after striking of
formwork.
8.4 Scaffolding
The scaffolding on the project will be the tied -in scaffold type which
will consist of two rows of standards to be connected to cross ties
called transoms. The scaffold will be securely tied back to the
building at approximately 3m vertically and 6m horizontally through
openings in the building. The materials for the scaffolding
will be bamboo. Scaffold boards are to be hardwood 40mm thick by
300mm wide and 4.2m long. In order to prevent end splitting, the ends
of each board are to be bounded with galvanized hoop iron, fixed with
a minimum of 2 no. fixings per end.
8.4.1 Building perimeter
External scaffold will be erected as the external block work is being
laid. It will be adapted for both rendering and painting operations.
Handrails made of wood will be erected on each floor as the in-situ
concrete slab is cast.
8.4.2 Stairwells
Access scaffold will be erected within the stairwells to provide safe
working platform for the finishes in those areas. Scaffold rails will be
provided as safety rails stairwells until perimeter stair rails are
erected.
8.4.3 Internal Access
a) Internal access scaffold will be provided for the block work operations.

8.5 Weather Proofing

Rolls of polythene sheet are to be made available on site for protecting the
works from rain and excessive sun.
9.0 Material Handling and Distribution
While aggregates would be handled and distributed on site by unskilled
operative using wheel borrows and head pans, wood will be off loaded and
distributed manually.

Blocks are to be delivered to site as when due and off loaded and stacked
close to the point of use.

Materials in crates such as tiles, tins of paints, sanitary wares and electrical
fittings are also to be handled manually with cares and stored in prepared
rooms and locked within each building.

Plumbing and conduit pipes will be delivered to site on a pre-programmed

date and immediately taken to the building for installation.

10.0 KEY OPERATIONS

10.1 Major Elements

Although the project comprises two buildings, it has been broken down into
the major elements shown in section 2.4.
10.2 Trade Packages
In order to achieve good and acceptable workmanship as well as satisfactory
completion of the buildings, it is proposed that specialist trade subcontractor
will be engaged to carry out the
following operations:
Roof Covering.
Aluminium Windows.
Plumbing and Electrical Installation.
Furniture.

10.3 Key Programme Dates

It is our policy to complete projects ahead of schedule. To this effect, efforts
would be made to achieve the following key programme dates: please refer
to attached programme of work
11.0 TOOLS, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
It is proposed that the following tools, plant and equipment are to be used on
the site:
Pick axes
Shovels
Headpans
Wheel Borrow
Steel Rammer/Compactors
Concrete Mixers
Porker Vibrators
Wood Saw
Steel Cutting Machine.
12.0 PRODUCTION METHODS

12.1 SETTING OUT OF BUILDINGS

The first task in the setting out operation is the checking/confirmation of
dimensions on the drawings and its relationship with the site. This will be
followed by marking the positions for the setbacks. That is, front, back, right
side and left side setbacks. Profile made of wooden pegs and battens will be
erected at least 1.0m away from the excavation line.
The setting out of the building perimeter would be carried out using 3-4-5
method and, checked tape. The squareness of the setting out would be
checked by measuring the diagonals of the building. Approval of the setting
out would be obtained from the Project Architect before any excavation is
carried out with new steel measuring

SUBSTRUCTURE
Excavation & Compaction, generally all excavation would be carried out manually
using, labourers with pick axes and shovels. The excavation of trench and column
bases would be closely followed by leveling and compaction of bottom of
excavation to receive blinding and concrete footing. The compaction of bottom of
excavation will also be carried out with a ramming machine. The operation will be
carried out to ensure that the bottom of excavation is well compacted and that the
concrete footing is cast on firm base

“Application of "Dieldrex 20"

Prior to casting the blinding and concrete footing Dieldrex 20 anti-termite
treatment of surfaces of excavated trench will be carried out by specialist sub-
contractor. The preparation of solution of Dieldrex -20 and its application will be
closely supervised by the Site Manager.
 Concrete in Substructure
While all concrete on the project will be produced by mixing the aggregates in a
concrete mixer, the concrete coming out of the mixer will be discharged unto a
prepared base made of 25mm thick hardwood planks. This will be done so that the
concrete will not be discharge onto bear floor that could result in the concrete been
contaminated. Although the base will be moved as may be necessary, it will be
used for all the concrete work for the building

The concrete will be loaded into either wheel barrows or head pans for
transportation into the excavated trenches that had been well rammed and
compacted with the faces treated with Dieldex 20 ant- termite solution.
The concrete will be well compacted by using high frequently operated poker
vibrator.
12.2.5 Laterite Filling.
Sharp sand will be used as the earth filling on the project. It will be moved by
wheel barrow and spread by using shovels.
The earth filling will be laid and compacted in 150mm layers as specified. The
compaction will be carried out using pneumatic roller.

12.2.6 Damp proof membrane/ concrete blinding

Rolls of polythene sheet will be laid on the filling laterite filling. And taped
to floor by adding concrete blinding. This will allow the floor to recieve
reinforced concrete without puncturing the damp proof material.
12.2.7 Ground Floor Slab
The perimeter formwork to retain the edges of the ground floor concrete slab
will be erected, level and braced at O.9m intervals with wooden pegs. Since
the ground floor raft slab has been designed as a single bay monolithic bed,
the casting of the concrete will be carried out in one operation.

The concrete mixer and the loading bay previously used for the production
of concrete ground slab and beams will also be used for the production of
the concrete required for the upper ground floor slab.
The concrete will be delivered from mixing bay to position by operatives
using wheel barrows and head pans. Two bricklayers are to be engaged for
spreading the concrete and compacting it with porker vibrator. The two
bricklayers will be assisted by Labourers.
12.3 STEEL REINFORCEMENT

Full lengths of the specified steel reinforcement will be delivered to site

where they will be cut to the required lengths as per bending schedule and
bent appropriately. Manually operated cutting and bending machine will be
used for the steel reinforcement. Steel reinforcement cage for columns and
beams as practicable will be made in advance. All the steel reinforcement
for slabs will also be cut to length and bent on the ground before they are
lifted to the appropriate level for fixing.

Steel reinforcement will be fixed together by ample use of binding wire and
they will be secured in the correct positions by using preformed concrete
spacers in order to maintain specified concrete cover. At the time of placing
steel reinforcement, we will ensure that it is clean and free from mud, paint,
retarders, loose rust, grease or any other substances likely to affect the bond
with concrete.

12.4 CONCRETE WORKS

Prior to pouring of concrete, all surfaces of excavation and formwork will be
cleared of all dust, rubbish, debris, oil and made free from water. All items to
be cast into concrete will be properly fixed to prevent displacement.
Openings and pipe ends will be sealed with foam and polythene sheets in
order to prevent unwanted concrete from entering the pipes.
Concrete is to be placed in one continuous operation between and up to
designed joints. If for any reason, concrete placing has to be stopped for any
period such that the concrete will not remain plastic, it is proposed that we
obtain instruction from the structural engineer to form a proper additional
construction joint.
Compaction of concrete will be by poker vibrators. In addition to the use of
poker vibrators for the floor slabs, wooden vibrating Beam will also be used
to achieve full compaction of concrete as well as true levels. Where the use
of vibrator is not practicable, concrete will be thoroughly rodded and
formwork properly tamped. All the compaction will be such that concrete is
void-free mass. Concrete will be assumed to be fully compacted when air
bubbles cease to rise to the surface of the concrete in the vicinity of a poker
vibrator. For walls, columns and deep section of beams, concrete will be
placed and compacted in layers and ensure that each layer extend over the
length and width of the section.
 Concrete Curing
For curing, concrete will be protected as soon as practicable after placement
or formwork removed and the concrete covered with polythene sheets for a
minimum of 5 days. The sheets will be fastened down at the edges with nails
to prevent wind tunneling.
Cube test, etc. will be carried out as outlined in the Project Quality
Management Plan. Curing of the concrete slab will be carried out by
spraying the slab with water twice a day for four days after placing of the
concrete slab.

.'12.5 SUPERSTRUCTURE
12.5.1 Columns
Both the reinforcement, formwork and concreting for the columns are to be
carried out as earlier described in the relevant sections of this methodology.
12.5.2 Blockwork
As soon as the ground floor concrete slab is completed, the superstructure
blockwork will commence as soon as the frames are completed. Blocks and
mortar will be distributed around each building manually. An internal
scaffold of wooden hop-up trestles with two 40mm thick hardwood plank
will be provided for use by the bricklayers.
12.5.3 Lintel
The lintel on the project has been designed as in-situ concrete.
12.5.4 Suspended Concrete Slab
Both the reinforcement, formwork and concreting for each of suspended
slab is to be carried out as earlier described in the relevant sections of this
methodology. Suitable ganger's walkways that are well constructed will be
provided for access during the casting of the concrete work.
12.6 ROOF STRUCTURE
A 3.8m long by O.9m wide and O.6m high wooden box will be constructed
for the anti-termite treatment of all wood to be used for the roof structure.
The prepared solution of solignum will be poured into the wooden box after
which the wood for the roof structure will be completely immersed in it for
12hours. The same operation will be repeated until all the hardwood for the
roof structure has been so treated with the anti-termite solution.

The erection of the roof structure for each building will commence after the
casting in concrete of holding down bolts. While the roof structure works will
start with the erection of wall plate, the materials will be manually handled.
12.7 ROOF COVERING
 As soon as the roof structure is completed and checked by the Site Manager,
the subcontractor for the roof covering will be invited to site to enable him
take the physical measurement of the roof structure. The physical
measurement taken will be made available to the supplier of the roof
covering for the production for the material for each building.

The roofing materials will be delivered to site well packed in order to ensure
that no part of the materials got damaged. The lifting of the roofing
materials to roof level will be carried our manually and fixed immediately
using appropriate roof nails and capping rubbers.

12.8 CURTAIN WALLING AND WINDOWS

12.8.1Procedure:
Prior to fixing any profile to the building, a check will be made, using the
grid and datum lines, to establish that the main frame building work is
within specified tolerance affecting the correct installation of the curtain
wall. Any discrepancies affecting the correct installation will be corrected.
12.8.3 Installation of Windows
The windows will be delivered to site as a complete made up unit, with all
necessary fittings on. Each window will have on all four corners purpose
made card board corner pieces which will protect the corners in transit plus
help in storing windows on site. Fixers will unload the windows and stack on
each floor level ready for installation.
Prior to scaffold being dismantled we will carry out all silicon sealant,
pointing and then de-tape and clean down aluminium surfaces.
12.8.4 Cleaning
Excess sealants will be carefully removed from glazing sheets and
surrounds. Efforts will be made to ensure that the finished faces are not
scratched with tools or abrasive materials. Finally, the curtain walls and
windows will be washed with warm soapy water, rinsed thoroughly and
wiped dry with a clean soft cloth.

12.9 PLUMBING AND ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

The installation of both the plumbing pipe work and electrical conduct will
commence on the ground floor and proceed upward to the penthouse. The
plumbing pipework and conduct pipes are to be fixed to block wall with
appropriate manufacturers bracket sand secured firmly with cement and
sand mortar.
 The installation of the electrical cable will be carried out prior to the
commencement of the fixing of suspended ceiling and integrated with it.
Sanitary wares and final connections will be carried out in accordance with
manufactures instructions which the Site Manager will ensure are strictly
adhere to.
12.10 RENDERING

12.10.1 Materials
The soft sand to be used will be sieved using siever tray. The operation is
required in order to remove all dirt and debris from the soft sand. The
aggregate will be mixed by hand and delivered to the point of use with head
pans.
12.10.2 Preparation prior to rendering.
We propose to brush down surfaces with a hard broom to remove dust and
loose particles. Before applying base coat of rendering, each Supervisor will
check the background (i.e. the blockwork) for excessive suction by
splashing the surface with clean water.

12.10.3 Applying the Rendering

Rendering will not commence in any area until all pipes, conduits and
similar items have been fixed securely in position. We will dub out
separately any areas requiring extra thickness to enable the first coat to be
brought to a flat surface. Our work instruction will specify dubbing to be
carried out in coats not more than 16mm thick. Time will be allowed for the
dubbing to set but not to dry before the next coat is applied.
Scratching of the surface of the dubbing out coats will be carried out and
time will be allowed for it to harden before the application of the
subsequent coats. Rendering will be applied from the top downwards.
12.10.4 Curing
Polythene sheets will be made available on site for protecting the rendered
surfaces in case of excess sunshine

12.11 SCREEDING
12.11.1 Materials Delivery
 While Delivery of cement for floor screeding will be delivery to site in 50kg
bags, sharp sand will be delivered to site in 10 cubic metres lorry. The
materials for screeding will be hand fixed at the point of use.

12.11.2 Preparation of Base

We will remove all loose debris, dirt and dust by means of sweeping the
entire floor with brush. Each room/area to be laid will be sprayed with
clean water overnight and one hour before laying of the screed.
12.11.3 Preparing Levels to Achieve Required Thickness
In order to achieve the specified tolerance of ± 3mm in any 3m, levels of
each room/area will be taken by using wood battens bedded firmly in
cement and sand mortar. The edges of strips
will be kept reasonably square so that screed laid to join it does not run to
a feather edge.

12.11.4 Laying
Screed will be thoroughly compacted by using wooden beam vibrators.
Particular attention will be paid to edges and especially to the comers. The
wooden battens used for temporary leveling will be carefully removed so
as to leave firm square undamaged edges, which will provide a neat joint
with the adjacent room/area. Adjacent rooms / areas will be laid at
intervals of at least 12 hours. The edges of the first laid bays will be
sprayed with water and brushed with cement grout.
In those areas where troweling is required to give a true smooth surface,
the troweling of the green screed will be delayed for 2 to 3 hours before it
will be carried out.
12.11.5 Curing
We will spray the screed with clean water for at least 7 days to prevent
drying out.
12.11.6 Protection
The screed will be protected against surface damage, wear and
contamination during subsequent construction operations. The protection
will be achieved by using saw dust.
12.12 WALL AND FLOOR TILLING

12.12.1 Delivering of Materials

Boxes of tiles are to be delivered to site and offloaded manually from
vehicles and taken to store with care.

12.12.2 Preparation of Background

 Tiling operation will commence after the area to be tiled is watertight. It is
our practice to have a uniform bed thickness beneath the tiles. To this
effect, we will ensure that any
variations in thickness of the bed remain within the thickness deviations of
the specified bending method. The background will be brushed down and
the base clean and all rubbish, debris and dirt removed.

12.12.3 Setting Out of Wall Tiles

We propose to set out the tiling with joints of consistent width, ensuring
they are horizontal, vertical and parallel with architectural features such as
cornice and ceiling. Setting out of
tiles will be carried out to ensure that where adjoining tile surfaces are in
different planes, the joints are continuous from one surface to the next.

Also, through our setting out of the tiles, we will avoid cut courses as far as
practicable. Where it is necessary to have a cut course of tiling, we will set
out the tiling so that the cut course is as wide as possible and in the least
prominent position available. If the need arises to make a raking cut at floor
and or ceiling level because either or both are not level, or because a feature
that forms a boundary to an area of tiling is out of line, we will ensure as
far as practicable that the cuts will fall in one course.

12.12.4 Setting out of Floor Tiles

We propose to adopt the following methods in setting out floor tiling:
• Establish a datum level of the finished floor
 Control the overall level of the finished floor by means of a series of
spot levels.
 Set out the tiling from the center of each room in straight lines
parallel to the axes of the room. For any irregular shaped room,
we will obtain setting out information from the project architect.
 Where appropriate, we will line up floor tile joints with joints in
skirting tiles.

12.12.5 Fixing of Tiles

The background will be dampened sufficiently to prevent excessive
absorption of water from the mortar bed immediately before it's placing.
 We intend to fix tiles, which are to be bedded in cement and sand mortar as
follows:
• Remove the tiles from cartons.
 Soak porous tiles in clean water for at least 3 minutes. Remove them
from the water and stack them tightly together with the end tiles face
outwards to drain off on a clean surface. This method will remove
excess water before fixing.
• Fix tiles before they dry out.
Start cleaning off mortar splashes from the face of tiles approximately 2
hours after bedding is completed. Care will be taken not to disturb the fixed
tiles.
12.12.6 Protection and Cleaning
Water will not be allowed onto the tiling for at least is 15 days until the
bedding and joints have hardened.
 Before applying a cleaning agent, the telling will be sprayed with clean
water and surplus water removed.
• The cleaning of each tiled area will be by the application of appropriate
proprietary acid-based cleaner in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions.
After cleaning, the tiling will be rinsed thoroughly with clean water thereafter
the water will be mopped up with clean cloth.
12.13 SUSPENDED CEILING

12.13.1Delivery of Materials
The ceiling plaster board as well as the suspension grid frame will be
manually off loaded from delivery vehicles and transferred to each floor.
Horizontal distribution on each floor will be by using pallet trucks. The
materials are to be stacked flat with maximum of four containers high.
12.13.2Setting Out
The ceiling layout drawings issued by the architect will be used in setting
out the grids. This operation will be carried out after the M & E installations
(Except electrical fitting)
have been completed.
12.13.3 Installation
The installation will comprise main runners spaced at1200mm centres
securely fixed to the concrete slab soffit/roof structural members by
galvanized hangers at 1200mm maximum centres. 1200mm long cross tees
to span the main runners at 600mm centers and to be further subdivided by
600mm long cross tees to form a 600 x 600mm module will be flush fitted.
 The perimeter trim is to be Armstrong Trulok, item 2774 wall channel fixed
to walls at 450mm maximum centres The Electrical and mechanical fittings
such as lighting units, etc. will have to be fixed at the same time as the
installation of the ceiling tiles.

12.14 HANDRAIL AND BALUSTRADE

14.1 Fixing of Balustrades
It is proposed that 2 nos. 12mm diameter bolts will be cast into the in-situ
concrete slab. The 4 nos bolts will be welded to the main bars in the
concrete. The balusters will have sole plates with holes
through which it will be securely fixed with nuts. After fixing the balusters,
the sole plates and the nuts will be covered up with the floor finishes.
14.2 Fixing of Handrails
The metal top rail onto which polished hardwood handrails is to be screwed
is to be welded to the balusters. The hardwood handrails will be fixed with
8mm diameter set of screws from underside of
metal top rail.
12.15 DOORS AND IRONMONGERY
12.15.1 Delivery and Storage of Materials
The doorframes, doors and the ironmongery are to be manually offloaded
and moved into fixing position.
12.15.2 Fixing of Door frames
The doorframes are to be fixed prior to rendering of the walls. This will
enable the rendering of the walls to be finished smooth and even with the
doorframes in position. The frames are to be packed at head and jambs as
necessary to give square openings. They are to be securely fixed to the
surrounding structure on both sides.
12.15.3 Hanging of Doors
It is proposed that the following procedure will be taken in hanging the
doors:
 Plane or sand doors equally on both edges to adjust clearance. Bevel the
leading edge slightly to clear door from frame.
 Doors are to be hanged with equal clearance between doorframe at
top and sides.
 Allowance will be made for floor finishes at the bottom edge.
12.15.4 Fixing of Ironmongery
 Ironmongery are to be fixed accurately by using the size and matching
screws as specified by the lock manufacture.
  Efforts are to be made to prevent damage to ironmongeryor adjoining
surfaces. Screw heads are not to be burred.
 Ironmongery are to be checked, adjusted and lubricated as necessary
to ensure correct functioning.
• Manufacturers' instructions are to be followed.
12.16 PAINTING
12.16.1 Delivery of Paints
Emulsion paint will be delivered to site in the manufacturer’s sealed 20
litres containers and Gloss Paint in 4 litres tins. No paint will be allowed
to be "thinned or diluted with thinner or water (except for mist coat
emulsion paint). All paints will be used as it comes straight from the tin
or container.
12.16.2 Preparation of Surfaces
All cracks, holes etc. in rendered surfaces will be hacked out, dusted
off, and filled with a hard mortar filler, faced up and rubbed down to a
flush even surface.
All cracks, holes, splits and shakes in wood will be scraped out,
primed and made good with a hard stopping, faced up and rubbed
down to a flush even surface. Iron and steel members will be
delivered to site primed and painted with red oxide. Dust, oil and
grease will be thoroughly removed from metal work prior to painting.
12.16.3 Protection of Fittings
Fittings, which are not removable, will be covered with paper and
tape during all painting operations. Any fittings, which are removable
will be removed, cleaned,
overhauled, oiled and refitted on completion of the painting
operations.
12.16.4 Weather
No painting will be allowed to be executed during rain, when it is
likely to rain or on any damp surfaces.
12.16.5 Application of Paint
While paint will be applied on large surfaces by roller, small surfaces
will be painted by using brushes. The painted surfaces will be left to
dry for at least 12 hours before the application of successive coats.
Before applying any successive coats of paint; the painted surfaces
will be lightly sanded down and dusted off as may be necessary. All
gloss paints on wood or metal surfaces will be applied with brushes.

13.0 EXTERNAL WORKS

 It is prepared that the septic tank and soakaway pit will be excavated and
constructed as part of the substructure operation. Effort will be made to
support the sides of the excavation with hardwood earth work support to
prevent collapse of the excavation.
The manholes are to be constructed alongside plumbing pipework. The Site
Manager will ensure that the pipework have is sufficient fall from the
building onto manholes and finally to the septic tank.

14.0 CLEANING
An allowance has been made in the construction programme for touching
up, removal of protection and cleaning. It is proposed that some site
operatives will be engaged specifically for the cleaning of the building
before it is formally handed over to the client. This is required in order to
ensure that quality is maintained to the end of the project.