SARDAR BEANT SINGH STATE UNIVERSITY,

GURDASPUR

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

4 WEEKS SUMMER TRAINING

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY

SH. TARUN MAHAJAN NITIN

URN: 24302011

B.TECH CIVIL (2024-28)

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

CONTENTS

1. 1ST week (23 June 2025 – 27 June 2025)  Mechanical labs

 Electrical and Electronics labs
 Civil lab

2. 2nd week (30 June 2025 – 4 July 2025)

 Computer lab

3. 3rd week (7 July 2025 – 11 July 2025)

 Sheet Metal Shop
 Machine Shop
 Carpentry Shop
 Fitting Shop
 Welding Shop  Smithy Shop
 Foundry Shop

4. 4th week (14 July 2025 – 18 July 2025)

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 MECHANICAL LABS

AutoCAD Lab : AutoCAD is a commercial computer-

aided design (CAD) and drafting software application
developed by Autodesk. It allows users to create 2D and
3D designs, drawings, and models with precision.
Essentially, it's a tool for engineers, architects, and
designers to produce detailed technical drawings and
plans using a computer.

MACHINE UNDER THE LAB’S

FLUID MECHANICS & FLUID MACHINERY
LAB

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

1) BERNOULLI’S APPARATUS
2) VENTURIMETER & ORIFICE METER
3) VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT APPARATUS
4) GEAR PUMP TEST RING
5) FRANCIS & KAPLAN TURBINE TEST RING
• THERMAL ENGG LAB & HEAT TRANSFER
LAB

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1) INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE TEST RING
2) STEAM TURBINE TEST RING
3) BOILER MODELS
4) HEAT CONDUCTION APPARATUS
5) HEAT EXCHANGER TEST RING

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

• STRENGTH OF MATERIALS & THEORY OF

MACHINES LAB & MECHANICAL

1) UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE ( UTM)

2) TORSION TESTING MACHINE
3) SLIDER CRANK MECHANISM
4) GYROSCOPE APPARATUS
5) VIBRATION ABSORBER TEST RIG
6) VIBROMETER & ACCELEROMETER

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• REFRIGERATOR & AIR CONDITIONING LAB

1) VAPOR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION

2) ICE PLANT TEST RIG
3) SPLIT AIR CONDITIONER TRAINER
4) DESERT COOLER SETUP
5) AIR WASHER TST RIG

CIVIL LAB

EXPERIMENTS DONE IN CIVIL LAB :

1.Determination of Consistency of Standard Cement

Paste.

2.Determination of Setting Time of Standard Cement

Paste.

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3.Determination of fineness of cement by dry sieving.

4.Derternation of specific Gravity of Fine aggregate.

TOOLS
The Vicat Appartus is a testing instrument used to
determine the consistency and initial and final
setting time of cement

STOP WATCH

In construction stop watches are used to measure the

time it takes to complete specific tasks and time –
motion studies

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 BITUMEN
Bitumen is a Stricky , black substance derived from
crude oil , or naturally occurring . Its primarily used as
road construction , but also finds applications in
waterproofing , roofing , and other industrial uses . It is
derived from crude oil through fractional distillation

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

NORMAL CONSISTENCY

. It is Amount of water required for the cement paste

allow a standard vicat plunger to penetrate 5-7 mm from
the bottom

.Determine the water required to form a standard

cement paste

. Essential for conducting other cement tests like setting

time and strength

. Typically about 25-35 % water by weight of cement

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 PRISMATIC COMPASS
A prismatic compass is a surveying instrument used to
determine the bearing of a line, typically within a
surveying context . It is used for measuring bearings of
survey lines and for measuring magnetic bearings in
surveying

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

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIS

ELECTRICAL LABS
Resistors : A resistor is a passive two-terminal electronic
component that opposes the flow of electric current by
providing resistance in a circuit. It is one of the most
fundamental components used in almost all electronic
devices.

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Capacitor : A capacitor is a passive two-terminal electronic
component that stores electrical energy in an electric field.
It temporarily holds charge and then releases it, playing a
vital role in electronic circuits.

Diodes: A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that

allows current to flow in only one direction. It acts like a
one-way valve for electric current.
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

Transistors : A transistor is a three-terminal semiconductor

device used to amplify or switch electronic signals. It’s one
of the most important components in analog and digital
electronics.

Transformer: A transformer is a that changes the voltage

level of alternating current using magnetic induction

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 TRANSFORMER

Inductor : An inductor is a passive two-terminal component

that stores energy in the form of a magnetic field when
electric current flows through it. It resists changes in current
and is widely used in filtering, energy storage, and tuning
applications.

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

Multimeter : A multimeter (short for multi-function meter) is

a versatile electronic measuring instrument used to measure
voltage, current, resistance, and often other parameters like
capacitance, frequency, and continuity. It is one of the most
essential tools in any electronics lab.

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 COMPUTER LAB OF PYTHON

DEFINITION
1.Python is a high-level, interpreted, and general-purpose
programming language.
2.It was created by Guido van Rossum and first released in
1991.
3.One language for multiple domains.
4.Numerous resources, tutorials, and open-source support are
available.
5.Widely used in top companies like Google, YouTube,
NASA, Netflix, etc

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 KEY FEATURES OF PYTHON

1.Easy to Learn
2.Interpreted Language
3.Cross-platform
4.Free and Open Source
5.Extensive Libraries
6.Object-Oriented & Procedural
7.Dynamic Typing

DESCRIPTION
1.Simple syntax similar to English. Great for beginners.
2.No need to compile. Python code runs line by line.
3.Works on Windows, macOS, Linux, etc.
4.No cost to use; large community support.
5.Includes libraries for data analysis, web development,
automation, etc.
6.Supports both programming paradigms.
7.No need to declare variable types

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PYTHON SYNTAX AND COMMENTS

1.Python syntax is clean and simple.

2.Unlike C/C++ or Java, Python uses indentation instead of
curly braces
3.No semicolons (;) are needed at the end of lines.
4.Python is case-sensitive.
5.Name, name, NAME are different
6.Comments are lines in the code that are ignored during
execution.
7.Comments are used to explain what the code is doing.
8.Use # # This is a single-line comment
9.Use Triple Quote ’’’ or ”’’

WHAT IS VARIABLE

1.A variable is a name that refers to a value. It acts as a

container to store data in memory.
2.Python uses dynamic typing, which means you don't need to
declare data types explicitly.
3.Rules for Naming Variables:
4.Must start with a letter or an underscore
5.Cannot start with a number
6.Can contain letters, numbers, and underscore
Case-sensitive
7.Should not be a Python keyword

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 STRING
1.A string is a sequence of characters.
2.In Python, strings are written inside single quotes or Double
quotes.
3.Basic string operations
4.Concatenation (Joining strings)
5.Repetition (Repeat strings)
6.Indexing (Accessing characters by position)
7.Slicing (Extracting substrings)
8.Length of String

LIST

1.A list is a collection of items (numbers, strings, etc.)

2.Lists are ordered, mutable (changeable), and allow

duplicates.

3.Lists are written inside square brackets [ ].

Example:
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'mango']

FILE HANDLING
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1.Allows interaction with external files stored on disk.

2.Allows you to read from, write to, and modify files

3.Data storage, logging, or configuration management.

 Central Workshop

• The Central Workshop is a vital facility in engineering

institutes and technical
institutions, especially for disciplines such as
Mechanical, Civil, Electrical, and
Production Engineering. It serves as a practical training
ground where students
gain hands-on experience with tools, machines, and
manufacturing processes.
This facility plays a crucial role in bridging the gap
between theoretical knowledge
and real-world industrial skills.

• SHEET METAL :

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• A SHEET METAL WORKSHOP IS A SPACE
EQUIPPED WITH TOOLS AND
MACHINERY FOR WORKING WITH SHEET
METAL,WHICH IS METAL
FORMED INTO THIN, FLAT PIECE.

Job Title:

Development of a Sheet Metal Elbow (45°)

Objective:
To develop a sheet metal elbow at a 45-degree angle
using accurate measurements, layout techniques, and
fabrication processes.
Tools and Equipment Required:
• Sheet metal (GI or MS)
• Scriber
• Steel rule / measuring tape
• Divider
• Protractor / Set square
• Mallet
• Snips (sheet metal cutter)
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• Stakes and anvils (for shaping)
• Hand file (for finishing)
• Riveting set (if joint is to be made)
Material:
• Galvanized Iron (GI) or Mild Steel (MS) sheet
(Gauge: 22–24)
Job Procedure:

Drawing and Layout:

1. Mark the two cylinders intersecting at a 45° angle.
2. Draw the development pattern of both parts of the
elbow using the triangulation method.
3. Use a protractor to ensure the 45° angle is accurate.

Cutting:
1. Cut the sheet metal along the developed layout using
snips.
2. Ensure clean and accurate edges for proper fitting.

Bending and Forming:

1. Use stakes or forming blocks to bend the sheets into
cylindrical sections.
2. Carefully shape both halves of the elbow to match
the 45° angle.

Joining:
1. Join the two halves by lapping and riveting or
soldering, as required.
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2. Ensure the joint is tight and aligned correctly.

Finishing:
1. File the edges and smoothen the surface.
2. Check the final shape, angle, and dimensions.

• Safety Precautions:
1. Wear gloves and safety goggles while cutting and
shaping.
2. Use tools with care to avoid injury.
3. Handle sharp edges cautiously

MACHINE SHOP :

• A machine shop workshop is a specialized facility

equipped with a range of machine tools and precision
instruments used
for shaping, fabricating, and repairing metal
components and other materials. It serves as a critical
environment for
performing various manufacturing processes such as
turning, milling, drilling, grinding, and threading. The
shop enables
skilled technicians and engineering students to work
with raw materials, transforming them into accurately
finished parts

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through mechanical cutting and shaping techniques.
Machine shops are essential in industries such as
automotive,
aerospace, and manufacturing, where high-precision
parts and custom components are regularly produced
and
maintained.

JOB TITLE

Step Turning on Lathe Machine

 Objective:
To perform step turning on a cylindrical job using a
lathe machine, where the diameter is reduced in
multiple steps to specified dimensions.
Tools and Equipment Required:
Lathe machine
HSS single-point cutting tool
• Vernier caliper or micrometer
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 • Steel rule and scriber
• Chuck key
• Cutting fluid
• File and emery paper
• Material:
• Mild Steel (MS) cylindrical rod
•
Procedure:
• TAPER ANGLE : TAN THEATA = D-d/21=23-17/50
= 0.12
• CENTRING :
• THE WORK PIECE IS CENTERED SO AS IT
ROTATES EXECTLY AROUND ITS CENTRE AXIS.
• FOR THIS ROTATES THE JOB AND BRING A
NEEDLE BLOCK IN CONTACT WITH THE
• ROTATING WORK PIECE.
• SETTING THE TOOL :
• HOLD A LONGITUDINAL TURNING TOOL IN A
TOOL HOLDER , SUPPORTED BY A TOOL
• POST . THE TOOL SHOULD BE PROJECTING
OUT OF THE TOOL POST AS LITTLE AS
• PRACICABLE TO AVOID LEVERAGE.
• SETTING THE SPEED :
• IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO GET THE PROPER
NUMBER OF REVOLUTIONS OF THE
• SPINDLE TO GIVE A CORRECT CUTTING
SPEED.
• RPM = CUTTING SPEED (1000) / DIAMETER OF
JOB ( PIE)
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  FITTING SHOP

• The Fitting Shop is a dedicated workspace where

individual components are assembled and adjusted
through manual
operations to achieve precise dimensions and proper
alignment. This shop primarily involves the use of hand
tools such as
files, hammers, chisels, hacksaws, and vices to perform
tasks like cutting, filing, drilling, and tapping. The
focus in a fitting
shop is on achieving accurate fits and secure assemblies
by removing small amounts of material and ensuring
tight
tolerances. It is a fundamental area in mechanical
workshops, where students and technicians develop
essential skills in
measurement, marking, and hand-fitting techniques
used in both fabrication and maintenance work.

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• DESCRIPTION : FILING TO RIGHT ANGLE AND
CHECKING.
• RAW MATERIAL : MILD STEEL
• FINAL SIZE : 48^48^5 MM
• OBJECTIVE : MEASURING , REMOVE THE
BLACK SCALE , FILING TO
RIGHT ANGLE , FINISHING, CHECKING.

CARPANTARY SHOP

• A Carpentry Shop is a space dedicated to the craft of

woodworking, where timber is shaped, joined, and

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finished to create various wooden objects and
structures. This shop provides the environment and
tools
necessary for cutting, planning, chiseling, and
assembling wood components. It is essential for
learning how
to work with different types of wood, using both hand
tools and basic machinery, to fabricate furniture,
frameworks, and other wooden products with precision
and skill.

OPERATIONS : MARKING , SQUARING ,

PLANNING , MARKING , FILLING, PLANNING
TOOLS
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TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT REQUIRED : STEEL
RULE, TRY SQUARE, FENUN SAW, VICE
LENOR, SAW PIECE SIZE , MALET , CLAW
HAMMER
METHODS :
1) WITH THE HELP OF PENCIL , STEEL RULE
MARK THE WOOD
2) FIRSTLY MAKE A SMALL CUT OUTSIDE AND
GAP THE JAWS WITH THE HELP OF
PLANNER
3) KEEP CHECKING DIMENSIONS
4) FILE THE SQUARE WITH THE HELP OF CUT
FILES
5) CUT THE PIECE INTO THREE HEAVY CUT
AND JOIN THEM PEACEFULLY
PRECAUTIONS :
1) NEVER WEAR LOOSE CLOTHES IN THE SHOP
2) DON’T LEAN AGAINST ANY MACHINE
3) NEVER TOUCH ANY MARKING ROTATING
PARTS , BELT OF MACHINE

 WELDING SHOP :

• Welding is a fabrication process that involves the

joining of metals, and in some cases plastics, by heating
and melting the materials at the joint interface. The
melted parts are fused together, often with the addition

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of a filler material, to form a strong and permanent
bond. The resulting joint typically exhibits mechanical
properties similar to those of the base materials, making
welding an essential method in construction,
manufacturing, and repair work across various
industries.
• Job Sheet: Practice of Butt Joint in Flat Position by
Arc Welding

• OBJECTIVE : To perform and practice butt joint

welding in the flat position using the arc welding
process, ensuring proper alignment, welding technique,
and finishing quality.
• RAW MATERIALS REQUIRED:
• Mild Steel (MS) Flat: 100 × 50 × 6 mm – 1 piece
• MS Electrodes: As required (based on weld size and
passes)
• TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT:
• Hand hacksaw

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• Steel rule
• Scriber
• Flat file
• Try square
• Welding machine (Arc type)
• Chipping hammer
• Wire brush
• Welding table
• Safety helmet, gloves, apron
OPERATIONS INVOLVED:
1. Practice of straight bead welding in flat position
2. Cutting and filing the workpiece
3. Setting the job accurately in position
4. Performing the arc welding procedure
5. Finishing and cleaning the weld
PROCEDURE:
.Marking and Cutting:
1. Mark the MS flat using a steel rule and scriber.
2. Cut along the marked line using a hand hacksaw.
Filing and Squaring:
1. Use a flat file to smooth the cut edges.
2. Ensure the angle between surfaces is exactly 90°
using a try square.
Welding Setup:
1. Place the workpiece on the welding table in a flat
position.
2. Set the welding machine to straight polarity (DCEN).

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3. Maintain an electrode angle of 90° with respect to the
surface.
.Welding Procedure:
1. Initiate the arc using the scratch or tap method.
2. Perform the butt joint weld with steady movement
and consistent arc gap.
3. Complete one or more passes depending on the
thickness.
Finishing:
1. Allow the weld to cool.
2. Remove slag with a chipping hammer and clean with
a wire brush.
3. Inspect for proper penetration, alignment, and
smoothness.

ENGLISH

• ACTIVITY 1

SELF INTRODUCTION :

A SELF INTRODUCTION EXPLAINS WHO YOU

ARE , WHAT YOU
DO AND WHAT OTHERS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT
YOU. YOU
SHOULD PROVIDE A SELF INTRODUCTION ANY
TIME YOU
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MEET SOMEONE NEW AND DON’T HAVE A
THIRD PARTY TO
INTRODUCE YOU.
SELF INTRODUCTION SHOULD INCLUDE YOUR
NAME AND
OCCUPATION AND KEY FACTS THAT WILL HELP
YOU MAKE AN
IMPRESSION ON THE PERSON YOURE
SPEAKING TO.IN A FEW
SENTENCES , COVER THE MOST IMPORTANT
THINGS THAT
OTHERS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT YOU

• ACTIVITY 2

INTERVIEW SKILLS :

INTERVIEW IS A SOCIAL PROCESS, WHICH

INVOLVES INTRACTIONS BETWEEN TWO
PERSON
THE INTERVIEWER AND THE INTERVIEWEE. IT
GIVE A CHANCE TO THE INTERVIEWER TO
HAVE A GLIMPSE OF THE INNER TRAITS
IN A VERY SHORT SPAN OF TIME YOU HAVE TO
EXHIBIT YOUR ATTITUDE , SKILLS AND
KNOWLEDGE
TYPES OF INTERVIEWS
1) BEHAVIOURAL INTERVIEWS

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2) SITUATIONAL INTERVIEWS
3) UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEWS
4) PANEL INTERVIEWS
ON THE DAY OF INTERVIEW
1) DRESS WELL BUT BE CONSERVATIVE
2) TAKE MORE THAN ONE COPY OF YOUR
RESUME
3) REACH EARLY
4) SEQUENCE YOUR DOCUMENTS
5) DON’T MISS THE FOOD

• ACTIVITY 3

PRESENTATION SKILLS :

WHY ARE PRESENTATION SKILLS AND PUBLIC

SPEAKING SO IMPORTANT ? AS TECHNOLOGY
BILLIONAIRE MARC
BENIOFF SAYS,’PRESENTATION SKILLS ARE
KEY. PEOPLE WHO WORK FOR YOU REPRESENT
YOUR BRAND. YOU WANT
THEM TO PRESENT THEMSELVES AND
REPRESENT YOU IN A CERTAIN WAY.
IMPORTANCE OF PRESENTATION SKILLS
THE ABILITY TO HOLD THE ATTENTION OF AN
AUDIENCE IS A MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENT BUT
UNLIKE OTHERS

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PROFESSIONL SKILLS, PUBLIC SPEAKING IS
KNOWN TO CAUSE DEEP ANXIETY AMONG THE
UNITIATED.
PRESENTATION CAN BE MADE IN DIFFERENT
FORMATS AND FOR THAT VARIOUS OCCASIONS
. YOU COULD BE
GIVING A PREPARED OR AN IMPROMPTU
SPEECH , DELIVERING A POWER POINT OR
MULTIMEDIA PRESENTATION.
PLANNING THE PRESENTATION
WHILE PLANNING A PRESENTATION AS

MENTIONED ABOVE, YOU NEED TO TAKE THE

FOLLOWING DECISIONS …
1) WHICH FORMAT TO USE FOR THE
PRESENTATION
2) WHAT KIND OF VISUAL SUPPORTS TO USE
3) WHETHER TO GIVE HANDOUTS TO
AUDIENCE

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