DARA MOUSTAFA

COMPUTER
SCNIENCE 2022
 Computer
Science

ABOUT THIS BOOK

- this book is a project for the IT course that is managed by work Well and
supervised by Mrs. Walaa Tamo. This book contains most of the things you
need to understand about computer science. You will first start by
understanding what computer science is, then then you will learn what
stuff does it contain, after that, you will learn the many fields you can work
in.

WHAT WILL YOU LEARN AFTER THIS BOOK?

1. How to learn it

2. What computer science is 3. What to learn

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Computer
Science

ABOUT THIS BOOK ........................................................................................................................................................ 1

WHAT WILL YOU LEARN AFTER THIS BOOK? .......................................................................................................... 2

WHAT IS COMPUTER SCIENCE? ................................................................................................................................ 4

WHY IS COMPUTER SCIENCE INTERESTING? ......................................................................................................... 5

TOP SEVEN REASONS TO STUDY COMPUTER SCIENCE ........................................................................................ 5

SUBFIELDS .................................................................................................................................................................... 6

A. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ................................................................................................................................................................. 6

B. PROGRAMING LANGUAGES................................................................................................................................................................ 8
C. COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE............................................................................................................................................................... 11
D. SOFTWARE ENGINEERING .......................................................................................................................................... 12

CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................................................13

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Computer
Science

WHAT IS COMPUTER SCIENCE?

Computer science, the study of

computers and computing, including
their theoretical and algorithmic
foundations, hardware and
software, and their uses for
processing information. The discipline
of computer science includes the study
of algorithms and data structures,
computer and network design,
modeling data and information
processes, and artificial intelligence.
Computer science draws some of its

foundations from mathematics and

engineering and therefore incorporates
techniques from areas such as queueing
theory, probability and statistics, and
electronic circuit design. Computer engineering. This
science also makes heavy use of family has come to be known
hypothesis testing and experimentation collectively as the discipline of
during the conceptualization, design, computing. These five disciplines are
measurement, and refinement of new interrelated in the sense that computing
algorithms, information structures, and is their object of study, but they are
computer architectures. Computer separate since each has its own
science is considered as part of a family research perspective and curricular
of five separate yet interrelated focus. (Since 1991 the Association for
disciplines: computer engineering, Computing Machinery [ACM], the IEEE
computer science, information systems, Computer Society EEE-CS.
information technology, and software

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 WHY IS COMPUTER SCIENCE
INTERESTING?

- Recently I was studying little bit

about operating system (what
can’t be better than reading
Galivanted 1 dinosaur) and
realized how daunting and
extraordinary number of efforts
and intelligence that has been
put together to make our device
such an attractive product be it
laptop, mobile etc. Being
electronics engineer I am always fascinated by how the billions and
billions of nano meter sized transistors 2 working together in
computer. But it is really wonderful how the operating system so
meticulously creates the symphony with the hardware and the
software. The memory management or the beautiful programs of the
critical section problem or the deadlock, or the security, and what
else not. The wonder of microscopic world in here.

TOP SEVEN REASONS TO STUDY COMPUTER

SCIENCE

1. Computing is part of everything we do!

2. Expertise in computing enables you to solve complex, challenging problems.
3. Computing enables you to make a positive difference in the world.
4. Computing offers many types of lucrative careers.
5. Computing jobs are here to stay, regardless of where you are located.
6. Expertise in computing helps even if your primary career is something else.
7. Computing offers great opportunities for true creativity and innovativeness.

1
go around from one place to another in the pursuit of pleasure or entertainment.
2
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.
Computer
Science

SUBFIELDS
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
- Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human
intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans
and mimic their actions. The term may also be applied to any
machine that exhibits traits associated with a human mind such as
learning and problem-solving. The ideal characteristic of artificial
intelligence is its ability to rationalize and take actions that have the
best chance of achieving a specific goal. A subset of artificial
intelligence is machine learning, which refers to the concept that
computer programs can automatically learn from and adapt to new
data without being assisted by humans. Deep learning techniques
enable this automatic learning through the absorption of huge
amounts of unstructured data such as text, images, or video.

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Computer
Science

COMPUTER GRAPHICS

“
“The reason we think that computer graphics technology has succeeded in
faking reality is that we, over the course of the last hundred and fifty years, have
come to accept the image of photography and film as reality.”

Computer graphics means drawing pictures on a computer screen. What’s so good

about that? Sketch something on paper—a man or a house—and what you have is a
piece of analog information: the thing you draw is a likeness or analogy of something in
the real world. Depending on the materials you use, changing what you draw can be
easy or hard: you can erase pencil or charcoal marks easily enough, and you can scrape
off oil paints and redo them with no trouble; but altering watercolors or permanent
markers is an awful lot trickier. That’s the wonder of art, of course—it captures the fresh
dash of creativity—and that’s exactly what we love about it. You can also format text
directly by using the other controls on the home tab. Most controls offer a choice of
using the look from the current theme or using a format that you specify directly.

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Computer
Science

PROGRAMING LANGUAGES
- “Put simply, programming is for computers to follow.
giving a set of instructions to a Computers “think” in binary —
computer to execute. If you’ve strings of 1s and 0s. Programming
ever cooked using a recipe before, languages allow us to translate
you can think of yourself as the the 1s and 0s into something that
computer and the recipe’s author humans can understand and
as a programmer. The recipe write. A programming language is
author provides you with a set of made up of a series of symbols
instructions which you read and that serves as a bridge that allow
then follow. The more complex humans to translate our thoughts
the instructions, the more into instructions computers can
complex the result!” And understand. thoughts into
programming. languages are the instructions computers can
tools we use to write instructions understand.

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Computer
Science

MOST POPULAR PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

• Python is a versatile, general-purpose programming
language. It can be used in a variety of fields from data
science and machine learning to web development and is
a great first language to learn.

• JavaScript is a front-end and back-end friendly language

that enables web applications, game development, and
mobile applications.

• C++ is one of the most powerful programming languages

and is used in a wide range of industries, including VR,
software and game development, robotics, and scientific
computing.

• Swift is Apple’s programming language and is a must if

you plan to develop applications for iOS and MacOS.

• Kotlin is an open-source programming language

developed by JetBrains. It’s popular for web development,
Android development, and more.

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Computer
Science

STATICS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Series 1 Series 2 Series 3

4.4 4.5
4.3

3.5

3
2.8
2.4 2.5

2 2
1.8

C language Web Development AI Machine learning

MOST USED PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

C++
1

JAVA SCRIPT

3 PYTHON

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Computer
Science

COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
- Computer architecture is a
specification describing how
hardware and software
technologies interact to create a
computer platform or system.
When we think of the word
architecture, we think of building
a house or a building. Keeping
that same principle in mind,
computer architecture involves
building a computer and all that
goes into a computer system. Computer architecture consists of three
main categories. ▪ System design – This includes all the hardware parts,
1
such as CPU, data processors, multiprocessors , memory controllers and

direct memory access. This part is the actual computer system. ▪

Instruction set architecture – The includes the CPU’s functions and
capabilities, the CPU’s programming language, data formats, processor
register types and instructions used by computer programmers. This part
is the software that makes it run, such as Windows or Photoshop or
similar programs.

1
A Multiprocessor is a computer system with two or more central processing units (CPUs) share full access to a
common RAM.

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Computer
Science

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

Software engineering is a branch of computer science which includes the development and
building of computer systems software and applications software. Computer systems software
is composed of programs that include computing utilities and operations systems. Applications
software consists of user-focused programs that include web browsers, database programs,
etc.

Software engineering is a branch of computer science which includes the development and
building of computer systems software and applications software. Computer systems
software is composed of programs that include computing utilities and operations systems.
Applications software consists of user-focused programs that include web browsers,
database programs, etc.

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 Computer
Science

Software engineers can be divided into two A software engineer

categories: should be well-versed in:
• Programming and coding

• Fundamentals of computer science

1. Applications Engineers
• Design and architecture
Applications engineers create or adapt applications
• Algorithms and data structures
for businesses and organizations by analyzing the end
• Information analysis
user’s needs. They will design, build, install, and
maintain these applications or programs. • Debugging software

• Testing software

2. Systems Engineers

Systems engineers coordinate the creation,

maintenance and growth of a business or
organization’s computer systems. They coordinate
each department’s needs, suggest technical direction,
and set up any networks that link up computers with
the company.

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Science

CONCLUSION
WE DRAW THREE CONCLUSIONS FROM THE SYMPOSIUM.

First, the question of whether computer

science is science is as old as the field. It
arose because traditional scientists did not
recognize computational processes as
natural processes.

Second, there is a growing consensus today

that many of the issues we are studying are
so complex that only an experimental
approach will lead to understanding. The
symposium documents advance in
algorithmics, biology, social networking,
software engineering,

Third, scientists in many fields now

recognize the existence of natural
information processes in their fields. This
settles an early controversy that said CS
deals only with the behavior of artificial
information processes

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Computer
Science

MARTIN FOWLER
ONCE SAID
SOFTWARE
ENGINEERING

“
“Any fool can write code that a computer can understand. Good
programmers write code that humans can understand.”

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Computer
Science

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