Verbatim

Specific location of interaction : Client's house Counselor: C

Date : 15/1/25 Client: SV
Session no :1 Duration: 2 Hrs
Demographic Details:
Name: Saranya Vijay
Age: 22
Gender: Female
Education details: Postgraduate
Profession: Not applicable
Socioeconomic status: Middle
Family members: Four (Mother, Father, Sister , Sister)
Description of the problem from Client’s perspective:
The client is struggling with friendship issues and trust. Initially, she was an introvert who did not interact much
with others but later transformed into an extrovert. However, this change led to difficulties in maintaining
friendships, as old acquaintances were not ready to accept her new personality.The primary issue revolves around
a close friendship that started to drift apart due to social dynamics in school. Her best friend, who became
popular, began distancing herself, making the client feel abandoned and hurt. This situation led to frustration,
feelings of rejection, and difficulty concentrating on studies. The client is torn between learning to live without
her friends or attempting to fix the situation but is unsure how to proceed. She hopes the counseling session will
help her find a solution to either restore the friendship or move on without feeling overwhelmed by the loss.

Reason for client referral: The client seeks counseling due to emotional distress caused by friendship issues,
feelings of rejection, and difficulty coping with social changes.
Case history:
Session 1

Conversation between Counselor and Skills Used Process Comments

Client
C1 ( smiles warmly, extends hand) "Hello, Establishes warmth
Saranya! I'm Shreshtha. It's really nice to and a welcoming
presence.
meet you.”

SV (Shifts slightly in chair, hesitant smile) "Hi.

1

C2 (soft voice) "First sessions can feel a bit Normalizing Helps ease
&
new, right? It's completely okay to feel reassurance nervousness by
however you're feeling right now.” validating emotions
SV Uhmmm I am having issues with friends and Observation. Movement synchrony
2 problems in trust matter uhhmmm that it
could be...should I speak in
tamil ?

C3 Yeah... I hope that will be more .

comfortable for both of us.

SV
3 Yeah... I was a little nervous.
C4 (Nods reassuringly) That makes sense. But I Confidentiality Reinforces trust and
want you to know that this is a safe space - clause safety.
just for you.

SV4 I uhmmm I
uhhmmmm have so
many things in my
mind...I am
struggling with some
problems I have this
problem since
schooldays... I should
have been over it by
now uhmmm kind of
over it right now but
still...uhmmm
sometimes the
question of why
haunts me... I really
want to solve my
problems...
C5 Okay …. Have you ever been to Counselling Structuring To get more
before and what do you expect from this information. To know
counselling session?
the level of clients
awareness about the
session and the
process.
SV No...umm I have not(smiles). I just hope to
5
get solutions to my problem.
C6 Okay...to move ahead further I will just Ethics. Making aware the
explain you what is counselling and what client about the
we are going to do here... Its uhh we are process. Ensuring
going to share the space together... you and the client about the
me...whatever we are going to discuss here confidentiality
is going to remain here and the matters which also helps in
discussed will remain building trust. To
confidential...confidentiality will be make. the client feel
breached at times such as when it comes to secured
harming yourself or harming others...such
as the cases of suicide and abuse only in
these cases I will break the confidentiality
and report to the concerned authorities
which is for your wellbeing...I hope you Covering ethics like
get it.. confidentiality,
And also I am recording this session for the informed consent,
supervision purpose and for the further referral.
reference...(smiled back)

SV Yes...I am completely fine

6
C7 Now let us discuss in detail about the

problem.
Sv Ummm...In the beginning I have this Attending skills. (body language,
7 problem ummm I was very much an visual and vocal)
introvert...ummm so I used to not talk to Attending skill helps
people much and umm I didn't even make the counsellor to
any friends uhmmm...I didn’t want to relate to the clients
uhmm... I wanted to be with my parents verbal and non verbal
all the time... until I met my friends...they cues.
changed everything...I was talking to so
many friends. Later I changed into
extrovert...changing from an introvert to
extrovert has its own problem...The people
who knew me did’nt knew me as extrovert.
They knew me as an introvert...uhmm
when I started to communicate much they
were not ready to accept that...yah there
were some friends in my neighbour who
actually really understood me...they slowly
started to opening and we played lot in
streets...uhmm but there were few people
who were not really comfortable... then my
best friends in college understood me...very
much...uhmmm one of my friend was little
bit popular and famous so she got carried
away...the problem started from there...she
gets more attention that kind of dragged her
away...the other popular kids interacted
much with her and she started avoiding
me...but I knew the boundary...I didn't get
carried away...I knew that they are my real
friends and I didn't get carried away...she
slowly started like drifting towards
them...we used to talk about this issue
together...I never bitch about others...after
that they used to hang out together and they
completely ignored me...they knew what
was happening...I was much worried about
losing this friendship... this was the
problem for me
which left me so worried...because I am
 used to like the warmth which we had and
the type of bond I shared with her...this left
me so worried...this slowly started
haunting me...

C8 As you told me initially you don’t speak Restating Empathizing

much with friends but you would rather and through restating
like to be with family...but later when you empathizin what the client
met this bunch of friends in school they g. spoke, also a
really helped you out for the check out to
transformation...though there were some ensure what I
difficulties faced...you really have been heard was right.
very strong in managing this...though u felt
lonely at left over at times you tried your
level best to save your friendship... it would
have been really hard for you to go through
the friendship which slowly started
drifting apart.

SV Yahh... Attending skill

8
C9 How did it make you feel? Questioning. Open ended questions
are asked to let the
client speak on a
specific topic and
narrate the whole
incident related with
the same.

SV It felt really bad...its small it really trivial Observation. Good level of eye
9 but still it felt really bad...maybe I contact It helps the
shouldn’t have expected all that...uhmm client to gain
this was the first time I broke my heart and confidence and gives
it really took time for me to come out of the sense of being
that...but I diverted myself by focusing listened.(counsellor
 more on music. maintains more eye

contact while listening)

C10 I can understand how hard it is and the Empathizing Gives the clarity of
struggle you are went through ...when you (additive the issues being faced.
felt left out and helpless because of the empathy) and
broken friendship...and I appreciate you for reflection of
coming out of that feeling...and focusing feeling
more on music...that’s really good to focus
on the things you like
much...

SV I feel frustrated...I feel angry also uhmmm Attending skills. Facilitative body
10 because nobody listens to me...uhmm I am language (leaning
getting angry on my friends also...I feel forward, nodding,
very out of control also...I don’t know eye contact)
because nothing can be controlled...It’s encourages the client
really frustrating...I couldn’t concentrate to tell more.
on my studies as well..

C11 As you told me that you are feeling Reflecting Sentence stem is
frustrated because of all these and used. Makes the client
issues...your friends slowly stopped paraphrase. feel heard. Gives the
speaking with you it leaves you quite client a clear
irritated and annoyed because of all understanding about
these stress , Because of the inability to the issue.
convenience your friends that you really
want to be with them but they are not
understanding it and you are really
facing a hard time handling all these...

SV Yes exactly...
11
C12 Did you speak to your friends about this? Closed ended It helps in obtaining

questions. deeper explanations.

SV Yes I spoke...they said...”you have
12
changed a lot and nothing has changed
 from our side...” they are not actually ready
to listen...how can you talk to a person who
is not ready to listen? I don’t know why
they are not able to understand
me

C13 I can understand that it’s really hard...when Empathizing Empathizing to

you try to explain them but they are not (Additive ensure what I heard
even ready to listen which leaves you empathy). was right.
pretty much disturbed...

SV Yeah I feel that way...

13
C14 What do you expect from this counselling Open ended To explore the
session to help with your problem? question. expectations of the
client.

SV Either I have to learn to live without my

14 friends or go ahead talk to them and
bring an end to this issue...I cannot be in
the grounds which I am in... I want to
choose something...

C15 It is actually good that you analysed your Acknowledging which

problem and came up with two makes the client to feel
choices...you are good enough to make good about her and to
decisions... encourage her
in making decisions.

SV Yes...uhmmm
15
C16 Now tell me what are the other alternatives Statement. To make the client
you have tried to fix the think about the
problem alternatives.

SV I tried to make other friends in

16 class...talked to my few classmates...that’s
it ...I don’t have any idea how to convince
my friends...I am not finding any other
 way...but I really want to save this

friendship...
C17 Okay I can understand that you tried your
level best to fix this out...and I appreciate
the efforts you are putting in to save the
friendship...

SV Yahhhh...ummmm..
17

C18 So far you told me that you are really very Summarisation. . Ending summary,
close to this two friends in class who really encompassing the
had a huge impact in your life...but now longer period of
due to some problems they have slowly conversation and all
drifted apart and that leaves you disturbed the issues discussed by
and irritated because you really want to the client and a check
save this friendship as they mean so much out for the accuracy in
to you...and you tried all your possible the end.
ways to fix this out...but nothing is really
helpful...because of which you also can’t
concentrate on your studies...

SV Yeah..exactly this I show I feel.

18
C19 Ok...for now...before coming for the next Closed To know about the
session can you do you a small homework? ended convenience of the
question. client in doing work
and to assess the level
of interest.

SV Yes I can...
19
C20 Can you just write down the positives and Creating awareness
negatives of holding on this friendship? which makes the client
to think seriously
about the positives
 and the negatives of
the situations and to
gain deeper insight.

SV Yes...I can do that

21
C21 I will appreciate that, will meet you in the Termination

next session... take care...

SV Thank you(smiles)
22
C22 Smiles back.
Session: 2

S.No Conversation Skills used Process comments

C1 smiles gently as client Warmth, rapport building She seems quieter than
settles in) Hi Saranya, last session, body a bit
welcome back. How are tense.
you feeling today?

shrugs slightly, avoids

SV1 eye contact) I don’t Encouraging expression
know… it’s been strange. Noticing avoidance of
After we spoke, I tried eye contact; emotional
writing down the vulnerability is
positives and negatives of surfacing.
holding onto the
friendship. But… I just
kept crying.

C2 (leans in slightly) "Crying Reflection, gentle prompting

can sometimes be a Offering space for her to
release, Saranya. It deepen her reflection.
sounds like writing about
this brought up a lot of
feelings
SV2 Exploring core belief
voice shaky) Yeah... it
was like... everything I've
been holding back just
exploded. I kept
thinking... if I let go of
this friendship, who am I
left with? I feel so empty.
It's like... this friendship
made me feel like I
C3 mattered to someone.
Reflection of core belief

(soft tone) You feel as

though without this
friendship, you lose a part
of yourself... maybe even
your sense of
SV3 importance?

Encouraging emotional expression

(nods, tears forming)
Yes! I know it sounds Her core fear seems tied
silly but... I've always to rejection and
invisibility
 been 'someone's friend'. I
was invisible before.
When I was close to her, I
felt... special. Now... I
feel like I'm nothing
C4 again. Like I'm back to
being invisible. Validation, empathy

She needs permission to

(gentle voice) That feel her pain without
doesn't sound silly at all, judgment.
Saranya. It makes sense...
it's painful when someone
who made you feel seen
suddenly distances
SV4 themselves. It can feel
like you're losing your
place in the world.
Highlighting self-concept
(deep breath, shoulders
Insight into her self-
relax slightly) Yeah…
perception and
sometimes I wonder if I authenticity issues.
was ever enough on my
own. Or if I only
mattered when I was with
her. Even when I try to
talk to other people... I
feel like I'm forcing it.
C5 Reflection, clarifying.
Like I'm pretending to be
someone I'm not.

SV5 It sounds like you're

struggling between who
you really are and who Exploring imcongurence
you feel you need to be to
fit in or be accepted.
This points to an identity
Exactly. I feel fake... like conflict.
I became an extrovert
because I thought people
liked that version of me.
But inside, I'm still that
quiet girl who wants to
C6 just stay at home and read
or listen to music. I'm Reflection, empathy
exhausted trying to keep
up with everyone.

That sounds exhausting...

SV6 constantly trying to Exploring somatic experiences
 maintain a version of
yourself that doesn't feel The link between
real. emotional stress and
physical sensations is
(nods, gaze softens) becoming clearer.
Yeah.
ometimes I even feel it in
my body. My chest gets
tight when I'm around
groups, like I can't
C7 breathe properly. My Mindfulness-based inquiry
shoulders feel heavy...
like I'm carrying a weight. Encouraging awareness
of coping or lack thereof.

When you notice your

SV7 chest getting tight and
your shoulders heavy, Exploring coping mechanisms
what do you usually do?
She copes by masking
her emotions, which
I usually try to smile exhausts her further.
through it... but inside I
just want to run away.
C8 Reflection. Insight building
Later, I end up lying in
bed feeling
drained.Sometimes I cry
without knowing why.

Its sounds like you’re

SV8 pushing yourself to stay Exploring emotional masking
in situations that feel
uncomfortable, and later
your body and emotions
crash from holding it all
in.

C9 (quietly)Yeah... I didn't
realise how much I was Empathizing, reflection
pretending. Even with my
Validating her effort
family sometimes, I act
while gently pointing out
fine so they won't worry.
But inside, I'm just tired. the isolation it causes.

SV9
That's a lot to carry on Exploring irrational beliefs
your own. You've been
trying so hard to protect
others from your pain, but
it leaves you carrying it
all by yourself.

(tears fall, but she doesn't Challenging irrational belief,

C10 wipe them) I think... I'm reframing
scared they'll think I'm Introducing a
weak. That I'm too different narrative about
emotional. My dad emotional strength.
always says I cry too
easily... like it's
something wrong with
me.

SV10 You've been taught to

believe that expressing Recognizing internalized criticism
emotions makes you
weak. But sitting here,
allowing yourself to
feel... that looks like
courage to me.
C11

(soft laugh through tears) Permission seeking, deepening

Inviting her to explore
I never thought of it like
the origins of her inner
that... it's hard though. I
critic.
still hear his voice in my
head sometimes, telling
SV11
me to toughen up.
Childhood exploration
That voice sounds like it's
been with you for a long
time. Would it be okay if Introducing different
we spent some time narrative ab emotional
understanding where it strength
comes from?
CV12
(nods slowly) "Yeah... I Reflecting, validating
think it started when I
was a kid. I was always
the quiet one, the
sensitive one. My sister
was louder, more
SV12 outgoing.She was praised
for being bold... I was Connecting past and present
told to be more like her.
Core belief: “I’m not
You were given the enough unless I change
message that being who I am.”
sensitive wasn't okay, and
that you needed to change
to be accepted.
C13 Reflection, empathizing
Yes... and I think l Reinforcing her insight
believed it. So when I and validating the depth
became friends with her... of her loss.
my best friend... I felt like
I was finally that person
everyone wanted me to
 be. But when she left... it
SV13 was like I wasn't enough Exploring “ what if thinking””
again.

It makes so much sense

that losing that friendship
feels like losing part of
yourself-the part you
C14 worked so hard to
become. Exploring self-blame
Gently introducing the
idea of self-compassion
(sighs deeply) I didn't
even realize how much l
was holding onto that. I
SV14 keep thinking-what if I'd
just stayed the quiet girl? Identifying stuck points
Would I have avoided all She’s stuck in self-blame
this pain?

That question sounds like

C15
it weighs heavily on you.
Reframing, cognitive restructuring
Maybe there's a part of
you that blames yourself
Offering a new
for the pain you're feeling
now. perspective on her
identity..

SV15 (quietly) Maybe... I just

don't know how to stop Cognitive shift beginning
feeling like I made a
mistake.
She’s open to the idea of
integrating both selves
What would it be like if
we explored the
possibility that there was
C16 no mistake-that both parts
of you, the quiet and the Offering flexibility
social, are equally valid?

(long pause, looks

thoughtful) I... I've never
thought about it like that.
SV16 I always felt I had to pick
one. Acknowledging fear

C17
What if you didn't have to
choose? What if you Building alliance, reassurance
could be both, depending
on how you feel in the
 moment?

SV17

Therapeutic alliance strengthening

That sounds... freeing. strengthening Trust is
But scary too. I'm not deepening
sure people will accept
C18 me if I'm not always one
or the other.
That's a real fear... and we Permission seeking, collaboration
can work through it Offering choice gives
together, at your pace. Saranya a sense of
You don't have to do it control and respects her
alone. pace.

(soft smile) Thank you...

it feels good to say all
this. I never thought
anyone would understand.
SV18
Engagement, rapport
(smiling gently, leaning
in slightly) Saranya, She seems ready to
you've shared so much engage with self-
C19 today about feeling torn reflective work.
between different parts of Gentle prompting, collaborative
yourself. I'm wondering, approach
would you be open to
exploring some gentle
reflections this week that Keeping the tone
might help you connect supportive and non-
with those feelings in a demanding reduces
different way? pressure.

SV19 (nods slowly, wiping her Readiness

cheek) Yeah... I think I'd
like that. It might help me
understand myself more.
Mindfulness-based inquiry,
C20 psychoeducation
(soft smile) I was
thinking of a few things Introducing body-based
you might try between awareness to deepen
now and when we meet emotional understanding
next. Nothing too heavy-
just small steps to listen
to yourself a little more
closely. Would you like
me to share them?
 (nods again): Okay... I'm
listening

SV20 (leans forward slightly): Clarification

The first thing is
something I call an She’s seeking clarity ,
'Emotion Awareness engaged
C21 Log'. Since you noticed
your chest tightening and Normalizing, validation
shoulders feeling heavy, I
wondered if you could
gently check in with Eases pressure to get it
yourself when that ‘right’ and focuses on
happens. Just notice what acceptance
emotion comes up, what
triggered it, and where
you feel it in your body.
SV21
Insight building
(thoughtful): "Like
writing it down?
C22
Validation, mindfulness
(Nodding)Exactly. You
can write a few lines if Reinforces acceptance
you like. And if you're
not sure what you're
feeling, that's okay too-
you can write 'unsure'.The
idea isn't to fix anything,
but just to notice what's
happening in the moment.

(soft sigh) I think I can

try that... I usually ignore
those feelings.

(gentle tone): This time,

you're giving them a little
SV22 space. You don't have to
do anything with them, Cognitive restructuring, externalizing
just notice (continues
softly): "The second thing
-if you feel ready-is to Helping her create
C23 have a little conversation distance from the inner
with that critical voice Readiness, acknowledging difficulty critic
you mentioned... the one
that sounds like your dad
telling you to 'toughen
up'. Would you feel She's ambivalent but
comfortable writing down open, a good sign for
 what that voice says... and growth.
then writing what you
might want to say back,
from your heart?

Client (hesitates, then

nods): That... might be
hard. But I think I want to
try.

(smiles warmly): You can

take your time with it.
You don't have to change
SV23 the critical voice... just
see what it feels like to Permission , empathy
speak back, gently. And
something else that came
C24 up today... you Reassures her that there’s
mentioned feeling like no rush or pressure.
you're not sure who you
are without that Self-exploration, insight building
friendship. What would it
be like to make two lists?
One for things you do
because you feel you Inviting her to reflect on
should, and another for authentic vs. socially-
things you do because driven behaviors.
they feel like you. Would
you be open to that?"

(small smile) think I need

that. I'm so confused
about who I really am.

SV24 (softly)We’ll figure it out Affirmation

together. For now, just
noticing is enough.
One last thing—only if it
feels right. Would you be
C25 open to trying a small Reassurance, Collaboration
practice every day?
Placing your hand on
your chest, taking three
deep breaths, and asking
yourself: ‘What am I
feeling right now? Where
do I feel it in my body?
No pressure to tchange
SV25 anything—just breathe Validation
and notice.

Client (nodding slowly) I

C26 like that… I think it will Setting expectations, support Offering a grounding
help when things get too practice to help her
heavy. connect with the present
moment
(smiling gently)Beautiful
You’re already doing the Prepares her for next
hard work, Saranya. session with low pressure
These are just small ways
to support you between
now and our next
conversation.

(soft smile, a little

lighter): Thank you… I
didn’t think I’d feel this
hopeful today.

(warm tone)I’m really

glad you’re feeling that.
We’ll check in next time
about how this went for
you, and there’s no right
or wrong way to do it—
just what feels right for
you.
Third session

Counselor Dialogue (Including Behavioral Skills Used Process Comments

and Cues)
client
(smiles warmly) Welcome back, Warm greeting, Saranya appears
Saranya. Before we start, how emotional check-in calmer today, though
are you feeling as we meet slightly hesitant.
today?
(sighs softly, looks thoughtful) Inviting reflection She seems reflective,
Umm... I’m okay. I did some of potentially ready to
the things we talked about… It share more about her
was different. Not bad, just… experience.
different.
Different in what way? Can you Gentle prompting Encouraging
tell me more about that? elaboration without
pressure.
(pauses, fingers tapping lightly Validation, Good self-awareness
on the table) When I did the mindfulness-based developing. She's
Emotion Awareness Log, I inquiry noticing subtle bodily
noticed how often I feel cues.
tightness in my chest… like,
even when nothing’s happening.
It was strange.
That’s really insightful, Saranya. Reinforcement, Reinforcing her
You’re beginning to catch things mindfulness observation skills.
your body has been holding onto Encouraging a non-
for a while. How was it to notice judgmental stance.
without trying to change it?
(nods slowly) It was hard at Reflection, ACT - She's practicing
first… I kept thinking, “What’s Defusion defusion, separating
wrong with me?” But then I herself from
remembered what you said— judgmental thoughts.

just notice. So I did. It felt a

little lighter after a while.
That’s a big step, Saranya. You Validation, ACT - Affirming her progress
noticed the judgment and chose Acceptance in accepting her
to step back from it. That’s not internal experience
easy. without control.
Yeah… I guess I did. Also… I Exploring emotional Opening up deeper
tried that exercise where I talk to experience layers.
the voice—my dad’s voice. It
was… emotional.
I’m really glad you gave it a try. Permission-seeking, Offering space while
Would you like to tell me about deepening respecting readiness.
what came up for you during
that exercise?
(deep breath) I wrote what he Cognitive She’s challenging
usually says: “Stop crying. restructuring, REBT irrational beliefs
Toughen up.” And at first, I technique (emotions = weakness)
froze. But then I wrote back: (disputing) with healthier
“I’m allowed to feel. I’m not alternatives.
weak.” And… I started crying.
That’s really powerful, Saranya. Reflection, REBT - Reinforcing new belief
You gave yourself permission to Rational belief formation.
feel, and your response came development
from your heart. How did that
feel after?
I felt… free? But also kind of Exploring identity, Saranya is beginning
scared. Like, who am I if I stop ACT - Self as to experience the
listening to his voice? context concept of self beyond
her thoughts or
internalized voices.
That’s a really important ACT - Self as Inviting exploration of
question. If you’re not just the context, exploration her broader sense of
voice that tells you to be self.
tough… who else might you be?

(smiles faintly) I think… I’m Affirmation, values She’s aligning with a

someone who feels deeply. And clarification core value of
maybe that’s not a bad thing. emotional depth.
Not a bad thing at all. In fact, Reframing, Reframing sensitivity
feeling deeply is often a strength validation as a strength.
—it’s just that it hasn’t always
been safe to show that.
Yeah… I guess I hid that Reflection, Exploring the belief
because I thought no one wanted exploring beliefs that emotional depth is
it. unwanted.
What if it’s something *you* Values clarification, Emphasizing living by
value, even if others haven’t ACT her values instead of
always seen it that way? others’ approval.
(nods thoughtfully) Then maybe Commitment, She’s showing
I could start showing that part courage readiness for action
again… even if it’s scary. despite fear.
That’s courage, Saranya. Encouraging Planning values-based
Showing up as yourself, even committed action, actions to increase
when it’s scary. Could we ACT authenticity.
explore small ways you might
do that this week?
Umm… maybe I could tell my Encouraging action, Suggesting small,
sister how I’m really feeling? permission-seeking manageable steps.
We don’t usually talk about
feelings.
That’s a meaningful choice. Collaboration, Supporting her
Would you like to think through empowerment autonomy in decision-
how you might approach it, or making.
would you rather see how it
goes naturally?
I think… maybe I’ll write it ACT - Defusion, Writing as a reflective
first. That helps me clear my practical planning tool to
thoughts.
 process emotions
before speaking.
Beautiful. Writing allows space Affirming Highlighting her
for clarity. What’s important is autonomy, movement towards
you’re moving toward committed action values-based action.
connection on your terms.
Also… about the lists you Self-awareness, She’s developing
mentioned last time—I made cognitive insight into externally
them. And I was surprised. Most restructuring driven behaviors.
of what I do is because I think I
should.
That’s a powerful realization. Gentle inquiry, Encouraging
What was it like to notice that? insight development exploration of
emotional response to
insight.
Hard… but freeing too. Like, I ACT - Values, Realizing the
don’t have to keep doing committed action possibility of values-
everything just to fit in. congruent choices.
Absolutely. You’re allowed to Empowerment, Reinforcing her
choose differently. And we can values exploration agency in shaping her
keep exploring what feels true life.
for you.
(deep breath) Yeah. I’d like that. Rapport, readiness Saranya’s openness is
for change increasing.
Counselor and Dialogue (Including Skills Used Process Comments
client Behavioral Cues)
(smiles softly, voice Highlighting Noticing and
calm) Saranya, when emotional response, validating a shift
you mentioned reflection toward joy and
visiting the comfort.
bookstore, your face
lit up a little. It
sounds like a place
that feels like home
for you.
(smiling faintly, eyes Exploring values, She is reconnecting
soften) Yeah… it’s emotional connection with a meaningful,
always felt peaceful authentic experience.
there. Like, I can just
be me. No
pretending.
That’s beautiful. It’s Metaphor, ACT - Offering a metaphor
like you’ve found a Self as context, to represent safety
small island in the grounding and restfulness in her
middle of a busy values-aligned space.
ocean. A place where
you don’t need to
swim hard or struggle
—you can just rest on
the shore and breathe.
(deep breath, smiling Engagement with She resonates with
softly) I like that. An metaphor, emotional the image.
island… safe and grounding
quiet.
What if, just for this Metaphor, ACT - Helping her visualize
week, we imagine Values anchoring internal resources she
you carry a small can access at any
piece of that island time.
with you? Maybe not
always visible, but
close enough that you
can touch it whenever
you need to feel like
yourself again.
(nods slowly) Like… Affirmation, internal She’s personalizing
a reminder that I’m resource building the metaphor,
okay as I am? recognizing her own
inner safety.
Exactly. You are Affirmation, Reinforcing her self-
more than enough validation worth and innate
just as you are. You value.
always have been.
Sometimes, it just
takes time to see the
light you’ve carried
inside all along.
(eyes welling up Emotional She’s acknowledging
slightly, soft smile) processing, years of self-doubt
That… means a lot. deepening connection and beginning to
I’ve spent so long challenge it.
thinking I had to be
something else.
And yet, here you are Affirmation, Offering another
—brave enough to metaphor, ACT - Self grounding metaphor
come back to as context to highlight her
yourself. That’s no steady inner
small thing, Saranya. resilience.
That’s the kind of
strength that doesn’t
need to shout… it’s
quiet but powerful,
like roots grounding a
tree.

(smiling softly, Acceptance, She’s internalizing

breathing slower) ownership of strength the metaphor as part
Quiet but powerful… of her self-narrative.
I like that.
Would it feel okay to Mindfulness, values- Encouraging an
honor that strength in based action, ritual experiential act of
a small way today? suggestion self-recognition and
Maybe even after we mindfulness,
finish, you could providing a sensory
light a candle… or sit anchor to her
by a window and just evolving self-
breathe for a few awareness.
minutes, knowing
you’re grounded.
(thoughtful) I think I Readiness for self- She’s making a
will. Maybe I’ll sit care, commitment choice that aligns
with my favorite with her values and
book and just be still needs.
for a while.
That sounds perfect. Metaphor, Inviting her to
Like tending to a mindfulness, gentle appreciate her
small flame—no pacing gradual progress
need to make it without urgency or
bigger, just let it burn expectation.
steadily in its own
time.
(smiling warmly) Affirmation, Noticing and
Thank you… I never emotional shift appreciating her shift
thought I could feel toward calm and self-
calm like this. compassion.
You’re doing the Validation, Reinforcing the
work, Saranya. I’m collaborative client’s agency and
just here to walk relationship acknowledging the
beside you as you therapeutic alliance.
find your way.

(gentle tone) Before Permission-seeking, Inviting participation

we close today, I’d collaborative in a metaphor to end
like to leave you with engagement the session
an image—if that’s intentionally.
alright with you.
(nods slowly) Readiness, curiosity Open to reflective
Okay… I’m listening. imagery.
Imagine yourself Metaphor, ACT - Offering an image
standing in a garden. Values, visualization that represents
There are seeds in choice, growth, and
your hand—some are intentional living.
old, ones you were
given by others that
told you who you
*should* be. And
some are new, the
ones you’re choosing
now.
You get to decide Metaphor for values- Supporting her
which ones to plant. based living and self- understanding of
No one else. And as care personal growth as a
you plant, you’ll tend process, emphasizing
to them gently, with patience and care.
patience. Some days
they’ll need more
light. Other days,
more rest. And that’s
okay.
(smiling faintly, eyes Emotional resonance The metaphor
glistening) I like that. resonates; she’s
It feels… peaceful. beginning to envision
her own process
differently.
You are the gardener Affirmation, Reinforcing agency,
of your life, Saranya. empowerment affirming her
And your garden will progress.
grow in your own
time, in your own
way. It’s already
growing.
(soft chuckle) I never Reflective insight She’s embracing
thought about it like change and
that… but I’m glad intentionality in her
I’m planting new life choices.
things now.
I’m glad too. And Metaphor, support Offering reassurance
remember, even on that change happens
days when the garden even when it’s not
feels quiet, things are immediately visible.
still happening
beneath the surface.
Your roots are
growing deeper.
(nodding, hand Emotional closure, Demonstrating
resting on heart) self-connection readiness and
Thank you… I feel increased self-
ready to keep going. compassion.
You’re welcome. Encouragement, Reinforcing
Carry that feeling gentle goal-setting continuity and hope
with you this week. for the next session.
Let’s reconnect next
time and see how the
seeds are doing.
Specific Location of Interaction: Client's House
Date: 15/03/2025
Client: Saranya Vijay
Session no: 4
Duration: 1 hr 30 mins
Counselor: Shreshtha

Counselor Dialogue (Including Behavioral Skills Used Process Comments

and Cues)
client
(Warm smile, gestures to chair) Warm greeting, She looks more
Welcome back, Saranya. It’s really emotional check-in grounded, though
good to see you today. How are you thoughtful.
feeling as we start?
(Smiles faintly, adjusts dupatta) I’m Inviting reflection She seems ready for
okay… calmer than before. I did deeper work today.
some of the things we talked about
last time.
That’s good to hear. Which of the Gentle prompting, Encouraging her to
things we discussed stood out for reflection explore her recent
you this week? experiences.
(Soft sigh) The lists. The “shoulds” Insight This insight opens
and the “what feels like me.” That reinforcement space for behavior
really made me think. I realized I change.

was doing a lot of things because I

thought I had to.
That’s a powerful realization. What Emotional Inviting deeper
feelings came up when you noticed exploration emotional
that? processing.
(Looks down) Sadness, mostly. Empathy, Acknowledging
Like… I wasted time being someone validation mixed emotions.
I wasn’t. But also relief. Like,
maybe I can stop now.
Saranya, I hear the sadness, and also Permission Transitioning to
the relief. If it’s okay with you, seeking, goal action planning.
would you like to explore how you setting
can begin making choices more
aligned with who you really are?
(Nods slowly) Yes… I want to try. Readiness for She's open but
But I’m not sure how to start. change uncertain—needs
structure.
That makes sense. How about we Intervention Preparing for
start with something small today? introduction deeper integrative
I’d like to guide you through a short (Guided work.
visualization exercise. It might help Visualization)
you connect more deeply with both
parts of yourself—the quiet Saranya
and the social Saranya. Would that
be okay?
(Adjusts posture, nods) Okay… I’ll Readiness for Client is receptive.
try. experiential work
(Soft tone) Great. You can close Guided Using visualization
your eyes if you’re comfortable. Visualization, for grounding and
Take a deep breath… in through grounding safety.
your nose… and slowly out through
your mouth. (Pauses for breath)
Now, imagine yourself standing in a
quiet place. It can be anywhere you
feel safe—maybe

your room, or under your favorite

tree. Where are you?
(Soft voice) I’m in the old park near Engaging senses, She’s chosen a
my house… under the banyan tree. establishing safety familiar, calming
space.
Beautiful. Feel the ground beneath Parts work, Helping her
you. The tree above you. Now, visualization visualize her two
imagine two versions of you are selves.
sitting under this tree. One is the
quiet Saranya—soft-spoken,
reflective, who loves music and
books. The other is the social
Saranya—friendly, outgoing, who
enjoys being with people. Can you
see them both?
(Tears in eyes, smiles faintly) Yes… Emotional She’s connecting
they’re both there. processing, emotionally to both
acceptance parts.
Spend a moment just looking at Emotional inquiry Inviting insight into
them. Notice their faces. How do the relationship
they feel sitting there together? between the two
parts.
(Softly) They’re both tired… but Empathy, self- She’s beginning to
they’re smiling at each other. Like compassion see her two parts as
they’ve missed each other. connected, not in
conflict.
What would it be like if they spoke Internal dialogue Encouraging
to each other? What might they say? facilitation integration through
imagined
conversation.
(Pauses, breathing deeper) The quiet Integration, Both parts are
one says, “You don’t have to be loud empathy expressing their
to be seen.” The social one says, “I intentions and
wanted us to belong.” needs.

That’s so powerful, Saranya. What Symbolic Facilitating unity

would it be like for them to hold integration, and acceptance.
hands? To work together instead of visualization
apart?
(Tears fall, she wipes them slowly) Emotional release, She’s experiencing
It feels… peaceful. Like they’re acceptance integration and
stronger together. relief.
And as you sit there with them, you Reframing, Emphasizing self-
realize you don’t have to choose. cognitive acceptance and
You can be both. And neither has to restructuring flexibility.
be perfect. How does that feel?
(Deep breath) It feels lighter… like I Emotional relief, Client is
can just be me, without forcing it. clarity experiencing a shift
toward authenticity.
(Soft voice) Whenever you’re ready, Grounding, Helping her process
you can open your eyes. (Pauses) reflection the experience.
What was that experience like for
you?
(Opens eyes slowly, smiling faintly) Insight Acknowledging her
It was… surprising. I didn’t think I reinforcement, inner work and
could accept both sides of me. But I validation progress.
did.
You did. And you can return to that Anchoring, Giving her a mental
place whenever you need to—your visualization resource for future
banyan tree, where both parts of you use.
can rest together.
(Nods, voice steadier) I think I will. Empowerment She’s building inner
It feels safe there. safety and security.
Saranya, earlier you mentioned Action planning, Transitioning to
wanting to make choices that feel collaborative concrete actions
like you. After today’s exercise, do approach based on today’s
you have an idea of what you want work.
to focus on this week?

(Thinks for a moment) I want to try Goal setting, self- Client is setting
being honest with how I feel. Maybe care realistic, values-
just with my sister at first. And… I aligned goals.
want to spend some quiet time every
day. Like the park in my mind.
Those are wonderful choices. How Accountability, Helping her develop
will you know you’re being honest mindfulness awareness of
with yourself this week? What will change.
you notice?
(Soft smile) I think I’ll feel calmer… Body awareness, She’s connecting
not so tight in my chest. And maybe emotional emotional honesty
I won’t feel so tired from pretending. awareness with physical relief.
That sounds like a meaningful shift. Empowerment, Reinforcing her
How do you feel about carrying affirmation readiness and
these intentions into the week confidence.
ahead?
(Nods with confidence) I feel ready. Readiness for Client is
More ready than I thought I’d be. action demonstrating
increased self-
efficacy.
(Smiles warmly) That’s wonderful. Affirmation, Strengthening
Let’s hold onto that feeling as we collaboration therapeutic alliance.
move forward.
Counselor Dialogue (Including Behavioral Skills Used Process Comments
and Cues)
client
(Smiles gently) I’m really glad to Gentle prompting, Inviting her to define
hear that, Saranya. You mentioned clarifying language her readiness,
feeling more ready. I’m curious— reinforcing
what does “ready” mean to you autonomy.
right now?
(Thinks for a moment, then nods) Self-reflection, She’s recognizing
Ready to stop doubting myself so insight internal validation
much. Ready to be okay with who I reinforcement rather than seeking
am. external approval.
That’s a huge step. Accepting Reality testing, Helping her
yourself as you are can feel freeing. preparing for anticipate challenges
But sometimes, doubts still creep obstacles so she can navigate
in. What do you think might them better.
challenge this feeling of readiness?
(Frowns slightly) I think… if Exploring fears, She’s aware of
someone dismisses me again. Like validating potential emotional
if I try to be honest and they don’t emotions setbacks.
care. That would hurt.
That makes sense. Being Building Helping her prepare
vulnerable takes courage, and it’s resilience, responses to
natural to fear rejection. If that problem-solving potential setbacks.
happens, how do you want to
handle it?
(Sighs) I don’t know… I usually Identifying coping Recognizing her
just shut down or pretend it doesn’t mechanisms automatic responses.
bother me.
I hear you. And that’s Expanding Encouraging her to
understandable. But let’s imagine choices, cognitive explore healthier
an alternative. If you weren’t restructuring responses.
shutting down or pretending, what
else could you do?

(Pauses, then speaks slowly) Self-affirmation, She’s shifting toward

Maybe… I could remind myself emotional self-validation
that their reaction doesn’t define regulation instead of external
me? That just because they don’t approval.
care, it doesn’t mean my feelings
aren’t valid?
That’s a powerful shift, Saranya. Reinforcement, Helping her
You’re acknowledging that your emotional internalize this new
feelings are real, even if someone processing belief.
else doesn’t validate them. How
does that feel to say?
(Small smile) It feels… lighter. Emotional relief, Positive
Less pressure. confidence- reinforcement of
building self-validation.
I love that. And now that you’re Role play, Transitioning from
seeing this shift, would you like to assertiveness insight to action.
practice how you might express training
yourself in a situation where you
feel dismissed?
(Raises eyebrows slightly) Like… Seeking Checking her
a practice conversation? clarification, comfort level before
readiness proceeding.
assessment
Exactly. Just a low-pressure way to Empowering Giving her control
explore how you might respond in choice, over the exercise.
a safe space. You can choose a collaborative
scenario—maybe with a friend, a approach
family member, or someone else.
(Thinks for a moment) Maybe… Selecting relevant Choosing a real-life
with a friend. If they ignore what scenario situation to work
I’m saying or brush me off. through.
Great choice. Let’s imagine you’re Setting up role- Helping her observe
talking to a friend, and you share play, behavioral her automatic
something important to you. But rehearsal response before
they dismiss it—maybe by saying, introducing changes.
“Oh, that’s not a big deal.”

What would you instinctively say?

(Shrugs slightly) Probably nothing. Identifying old Recognizing her
Or I’d laugh it off, like, “Yeah, patterns default coping
never mind.” mechanism.
That’s understandable. But let’s try Encouraging Helping her develop
something different. What’s assertive a new response.
something you could say that communication
honors your feelings?
(Hesitates, then speaks slowly) Assertiveness Encouraging her to
Maybe… “It might not seem like a training, boundary- own her feelings
big deal to you, but it is to me.” setting without apology.
That’s an amazing response. It’s Reinforcement, Strengthening her
clear, confident, and doesn’t self-trust belief in her own
require their approval. How does voice.
that feel?
(Nods, thoughtful) It feels… Emotional She’s internalizing
stronger. Like I’m not just waiting empowerment, her own worth.
for them to tell me my feelings are self-validation
okay.
That’s exactly it. Your feelings are Reframing, Solidifying her new
already valid, Saranya. You don’t affirming perspective.
need anyone’s permission to feel autonomy
what you feel.
(Smiles softly) I like that. I think I Readiness for real- She’s showing
want to try saying it in real life. world application confidence in using
this new skill.
That’s a fantastic goal. And if you Affirmation, action Giving her a tangible
ever struggle, you can remind planning reinforcement
yourself of this: *I deserve to be strategy.
heard. My feelings matter.* Maybe
even write it down somewhere you
can see it?
(Nods) I will. It feels good to have Commitment, She’s ready to
something to hold onto. empowerment integrate this into her
daily life.
Counselor Dialogue (Including Behavioral Skills Used Process Comments
and Cues)
client
(Smiles gently) I’m really glad to Gentle prompting, Inviting her to
hear that, Saranya. You mentioned clarifying language define her readiness,
feeling more ready. I’m curious— reinforcing
what does “ready” mean to you autonomy.
right now?
(Thinks for a moment, then nods) Self-reflection, She’s recognizing
Ready to stop doubting myself so insight internal validation
much. Ready to be okay with who I reinforcement rather than seeking
am. external approval.
That’s a huge step. Accepting Reality testing, Helping her
yourself as you are can feel freeing. preparing for anticipate
But sometimes, doubts still creep obstacles challenges so she
in. What do you think might can navigate them
challenge this feeling of readiness? better.
(Frowns slightly) I think… if Exploring fears, She’s aware of
someone dismisses me again. Like validating emotions potential emotional
if I try to be honest and they don’t setbacks.
care. That would hurt.
That makes sense. Being Building resilience, Helping her prepare
vulnerable takes courage, and it’s problem-solving responses to
natural to fear rejection. If that potential setbacks.
happens, how do you want to
handle it?
(Sighs) I don’t know… I usually Identifying coping Recognizing her
just shut down or pretend it doesn’t mechanisms automatic
bother me. responses.
I hear you. And that’s Expanding choices, Encouraging her to
understandable. But let’s imagine cognitive explore healthier
an alternative. If you weren’t restructuring responses.
shutting down or pretending, what
else could you do?

(Pauses, then speaks slowly) Self-affirmation, She’s shifting

Maybe… I could remind myself emotional toward self-
that their reaction doesn’t define regulation validation instead of
me? That just because they don’t external approval.
care, it doesn’t mean my feelings
aren’t valid?
That’s a powerful shift, Saranya. Reinforcement, Helping her
You’re acknowledging that your emotional internalize this new
feelings are real, even if someone processing belief.
else doesn’t validate them. How
does that feel to say?
(Small smile) It feels… lighter. Emotional relief, Positive
Less pressure. confidence-building reinforcement of
self-validation.
I love that. And now that you’re Role play, Transitioning from
seeing this shift, would you like to assertiveness insight to action.
practice how you might express training
yourself in a situation where you
feel dismissed?
(Raises eyebrows slightly) Like… Seeking Checking her
a practice conversation? clarification, comfort level before
readiness proceeding.
assessment
Exactly. Just a low-pressure way to Empowering Giving her control
explore how you might respond in choice, over the exercise.
a safe space. You can choose a collaborative
scenario—maybe with a friend, a approach
family member, or someone else.
(Thinks for a moment) Maybe… Selecting relevant Choosing a real-life
with a friend. If they ignore what scenario situation to work
I’m saying or brush me off. through.
Great choice. Let’s imagine you’re Setting up role- Helping her observe
talking to a friend, and you share play, behavioral her automatic
something important to you. But rehearsal response before
they dismiss it—maybe by saying, introducing
“Oh, that’s not a big deal.” What changes.
would you instinctively say?

(Shrugs slightly) Probably nothing. Identifying old Recognizing her

Or I’d laugh it off, like, “Yeah, patterns default coping
never mind.” mechanism.
That’s understandable. But let’s try Encouraging Helping her develop
something different. What’s assertive a new response.
something you could say that communication
honors your feelings?
(Hesitates, then speaks slowly) Assertiveness Encouraging her to
Maybe… “It might not seem like a training, boundary- own her feelings
big deal to you, but it is to me.” setting without apology.
That’s an amazing response. It’s Reinforcement, Strengthening her
clear, confident, and doesn’t self-trust belief in her own
require their approval. How does voice.
that feel?
(Nods, thoughtful) It feels… Emotional She’s internalizing
stronger. Like I’m not just waiting empowerment, self- her own worth.
for them to tell me my feelings are validation
okay.
That’s exactly it. Your feelings are Reframing, Solidifying her new
already valid, Saranya. You don’t affirming autonomy perspective.
need anyone’s permission to feel
what you feel.
(Smiles softly) I like that. I think I Readiness for real- She’s showing
want to try saying it in real life. world application confidence in using
this new skill.
That’s a fantastic goal. And if you Affirmation, action Giving her a
ever struggle, you can remind planning tangible
yourself of this: *I deserve to be reinforcement
heard. My feelings matter.* strategy.
Maybe even write it down
somewhere you can see it?
(Nods) I will. It feels good to have Commitment, She’s ready to
something to hold onto. empowerment integrate this into
her daily life.

(Smiles warmly) I’m glad it feels Affirmation, Reinforcing her

good to have something to hold validation efforts to increase
onto. And remember, you’ve confidence.
already started doing the hard part
—being honest with yourself.
(Nods, a soft smile) Yeah… I guess Self- She’s taking
I have. acknowledgment ownership of her
progress.
Before we close for today, would it Reflection, Helping her
be okay if we take a moment to collaborative consolidate learning
reflect on what stood out the most summary and insights.
for you in today’s session?
(Thinks for a moment) I think… Insight She’s internalizing
the idea that I don’t have to choose consolidation key takeaways.
who I am. That I can be both.
And… that I don’t need anyone’s
permission to feel what I feel.
Those are such important insights. Action planning, Supporting
And they show a lot of self- empowerment autonomy in
awareness, Saranya. How do you applying insights to
want to carry these with you this life.
week?
(Softly) I think… I’ll practice Goal setting, self- She’s setting
reminding myself. Like when I feel efficacy achievable and
that tightness, I’ll tell myself it’s values-aligned
okay to feel whatever I’m feeling. intentions.
And… if I feel brave, I’ll speak up
when I need to.

That’s a beautiful plan. And Encouragement, Supporting her pace

remember, it’s okay to take it one normalizing and reducing
moment at a time. Small steps are pressure.
still steps forward.
(Nods) Thank you. I feel… calmer Emotional She’s
than I thought I would. reflection acknowledging her
emotional shift.
You’re doing the work, Saranya. Suggesting Offering reflective
I’m here to walk beside you as you homework, practice to
find your way. How would you feel mindfulness strengthen self-
about keeping a small reflection practice awareness.
journal this week? Maybe noting
down any moments where you
honored your feelings—or where
you found it hard?
(Thinks, then smiles faintly) I can Readiness for She’s open to the
do that. I think it’ll help. reflection task and motivated.
Wonderful. And if you find Collaboration, Reinforcing the
anything you’d like to talk about alliance partnership in
next time, we can explore it strengthening therapy.
together.
(Nods slowly) Okay. That sounds Readiness She’s prepared for
good. continuity.
(Smiles gently) I want to Affirmation, Validating her
acknowledge how much you’ve appreciation courage and
shared today—and how bravely strengthening
you’ve shown up for yourself. rapport.
That’s not easy, and I appreciate
the trust you’re building here.
(Eyes soften, voice quiet) Thank Trust-building She’s recognizing
you… I don’t think I’ve ever said reflection the safety of the
this much to anyone before. space and the
therapeutic alliance.

(Smiles thoughtfully) Maybe… I’ll Future goal setting She’s beginning to

think about it. But I’d like to talk identify next areas
more about boundaries, maybe? of work.
That’s a great idea. We can explore Grounding, closure Helping her
boundaries next time. For now, transition from
let’s close by taking a deep breath session to daily life.
together… just to honor the work
you’ve done today.
(Inhales deeply, exhales slowly, Centering, Ending on a calm
smiles softly) Thank you. grounding and grounded note.
(Smiles warmly) You’re welcome. Positive closure, Affirming
I’ll see you next time, Saranya. alliance connection and
Take care of yourself. reinforcement support.
Session 5
Specific Location: Client's House
Date: 22/03/2025
Duration: 1 Hr 30 mins
Counselor: Shreshtha
Client: Saranya Vijay

Counselor Dialogue (Including Behavioral Skills Used Process Comments

and Cues)
client
(Smiles gently, gestures to Warm greeting, She looks a little
chair) Welcome back, Saranya. emotional check-in thoughtful, but calm.
It’s really good to see you.
How’s your week been since we
last met?
(Adjusts shawl, exhales slowly) Inviting reflection She’s following
'It’s been okay… better, I think. through on practices
I did the reflection journal you between sessions,
suggested.' showing engagement.
'That’s great. How was it for Gentle prompting, Exploring her
you, writing things down?' encouraging experience with
exploration reflection homework.
(Nods slowly) 'It helped. Some Insight She’s becoming more
days I wrote about feeling reinforcement, aware of her
good… like I was listening to mindfulness emotional states and
myself. Other days, I caught awareness behaviors.
myself wanting to shrink back.
But I noticed it more this time.'

'That awareness is a big step. Validation, Validating her effort

You’re noticing your own mindfulness at mindful
patterns without judgment. reinforcement observation.
That’s the kind of mindfulness
that helps you choose
differently.'
(Soft smile) 'Yeah… it feels Affirming acceptance She’s internalizing
different. Like I don’t have to the idea that
fix it right away.' awareness doesn’t
require immediate
action.
'Absolutely. And that space lets Permission seeking, Giving her autonomy
you respond instead of react. I collaborative agenda in session direction.
remember you mentioned last setting
time you wanted to talk more
about boundaries. Shall we
explore that today?'
(Nods, adjusting her seat Exploring needs, She’s acknowledging
slightly) 'Yes, I think I need emotional validation an emotional block
that. I’m not really sure how to around boundary
set them without feeling guilty.' setting.
'That’s a very common feeling, Clarifying concept, Grounding the
especially when we’re not used psychoeducation discussion in her
to putting our needs first. Can understanding.
we start by exploring what
“boundaries” mean to you?'
(Thinks for a moment) 'I Exploring beliefs, Revealing a belief
guess… it’s about saying no? identifying irrational that setting limits
Or telling people when beliefs equals being rude.
something isn’t okay. But it
feels rude.'
'That’s understandable. We Cognitive Offering a new
often learn that saying no is restructuring, perspective on
selfish or impolite. But what if reframing boundaries as self-
boundaries are actually a way care.

of caring—for yourself and

others?'
(Raises eyebrows slightly) Curiosity sparked She’s open to
'Caring? How?' exploring a new
framework.
'When you set a boundary, Psychoeducation, Normalizing the need
you’re being honest about empathy for boundaries as a
what’s okay for you. It lets the healthy relationship
relationship be clearer, more practice.
respectful. Without boundaries,
resentment builds, and that can
damage closeness.'
(Nods slowly) 'I hadn’t thought Insight development She’s connecting
of it like that. I usually just stay personal experience
quiet, but then… yeah, I get to the concept.
annoyed later.'
'Exactly. It’s like putting up a Metaphor, Making the idea more
gentle fence—not to push simplifying concept relatable with
people away, but to protect imagery.
what’s important to you.'
(Soft chuckle) 'A gentle fence… Emotional shift, Humor indicates
that sounds nicer than I thought.' engagement comfort with the idea.
'Would it be okay if we practice Role play Moving toward
setting a gentle fence now? introduction, experiential learning.
Maybe with a situation where permission seeking
you’d like to say no or ask for
space?'
(Thinks) 'Um… maybe when Real-life example, Choosing a situation
my sister asks me to do things personal relevance close to home,
for her when I’m tired. I always emotionally resonant.
say yes, but I end up feeling
drained.'

(Soft laugh) 'I’d probably just Recognizing patterns Awareness of

say “Okay,” and do it anyway.' automatic behaviors.
'And what would you like to Encouraging Inviting her to
say, if you could speak assertiveness practice authentic
honestly?' communication.

(Hesitates, then speaks slowly) Assertiveness Practicing respectful

'Maybe… “I’m really tired right practice, boundary boundary
now. Can I help you later setting communication.
instead?”'
'That’s clear and respectful. Reflection, emotional Encouraging
How does it feel to say it out awareness awareness of her
loud?' emotional response to
assertiveness.
(Smiles faintly) 'Kind of Emotional Positive emotional
strange… but good. Like I’m empowerment, response to asserting
taking care of myself.' validating experience needs.
'That’s exactly what you’re Reinforcing new Strengthening the
doing. Taking care of yourself belief, self-care reframed belief.
gives you more energy for framing
connection later. And you’re
still being kind.'
(Nods slowly) 'I think I can try Readiness for action She’s expressing
that.' willingness to
implement the new
skill.
'Would you like to practice one Encouraging Offering space to
more scenario? Maybe with a continued practice, reinforce learning.
friend or someone else?' collaborative choice
Dialogue (Including Behavioral Cues) | Skills Used | Process Comments
Counselor Dialogue (Including Behavioral Skills Used Process Comments
and Cues)
client
(Pauses thoughtfully, then nods) Exploring fears, She’s becoming aware
'Yeah… maybe with a friend. emotional of the emotional root of
I’ve noticed I say yes even when awareness her difficulty with
I don’t want to, because I’m boundaries—fear of
scared they’ll think I don’t care.' rejection or being
misunderstood.
'That’s a really common fear, Permission seeking, Offering a
Saranya. And it shows how balancing needs collaborative,
much you care about your respectful approach to
relationships. Would it be okay balancing self-care and
if we explore a way you can relational care.
honor both your needs and your
care for your friend?'
(Nods slowly) 'Okay… I’d like Readiness for She’s open to learning
that.' exploration alternative ways of
setting boundaries
without guilt.
'Let’s imagine your friend asks Role play setup, Encouraging real-life
you to help with something, but practical scenario application by building
you’re feeling drained, maybe on her own examples.
like the other day when you
mentioned feeling tired. What
could you say that’s honest, but
also shows you value the
friendship?'
(Thinks for a moment) Assertive She’s articulating her
'Maybe… “I really want to help, communication, need while
but I’m feeling a bit low on boundary setting emphasizing care and
energy right now. Can we plan it commitment to the
for later when I can be more relationship.
present?”'
'That’s beautifully said, Saranya. Positive Strengthening her
It’s clear, kind, and it lets your reinforcement, confidence by
friend know you want to be validation affirming the
there for them, just not at the appropriateness and
cost of your well-being.' balance in her
statement.
(Breathes out slowly, smiling Cognitive shift, She’s shifting away
faintly) 'It feels… less scary than emotional from the belief that
I thought. I always imagined processing setting boundaries
they’d get upset. But saying it equals rejection or
like that… I guess it’s not harsh.' harshness.
'Exactly. Boundaries aren’t Reframing, values Reinforcing the idea
barriers—they’re bridges to alignment that healthy boundaries
healthier connections. And the enhance rather than
right people will respect them, damage relationships.
even if it takes time.'
(Nods, voice steadier) 'I want to Commitment, She’s ready to practice
try that this week. Just small action planning boundaries in her daily
things… even if it’s hard.' life, showing
motivation for growth.
'That’s a wonderful intention. Normalizing Validating her feelings
And remember, it’s okay to feel discomfort, and framing boundary-
uncomfortable at first. It’s like motivational setting as a skill that
building a new muscle—it gets support improves with practice.
stronger with use.'
(Soft laugh) 'A muscle… yeah, Humor, emotional She’s using humor to
I’ve never exercised this one release process her new
before!' insights, indicating
comfort and
engagement.
(Smiles warmly) 'And you’re Practical support, Offering tangible
already doing the warm-up! tool creation support for real-life
Would it help if we create a situations, enhancing
small boundary “script” you can self-efficacy.
use when you’re unsure what to
say?'
(Leans in slightly, interested) Readiness for skill She’s identifying her
'Yeah, that would be good. I development challenge and

get stuck on what words to use.' expressing readiness

for practical tools.
'Okay, let’s keep it simple. Psychoeducation, Providing a clear and
Here’s a format you can adapt: script development adaptable framework
1) Acknowledge the request, 2) for boundary
Share your current capacity, 3) communication.
Offer an alternative if possible.
For example, “I hear you need
help, and I care about that. I’m
feeling stretched right now, so I
won’t be able to do this today.
Can we find another time?”'
(Writes it down slowly, Active She’s internalizing the
nodding) 'That makes sense… I participation, values balance between
like that it shows I care, but also alignment compassion and self-
tells them what I can handle.' care.
'Exactly. Boundaries are a Affirmation, Strengthening the
kindness to yourself and others reinforcing healthy belief that boundaries
—they let people know where beliefs are a compassionate
you’re at, rather than leaving practice.
them guessing or risking
resentment.'
(Sighs softly, voice more Insight She’s recognizing the
relaxed) 'I never thought of it development, extremes of her past
like that before. I think I’ve been emotional reflection responses and the
either saying yes and feeling emotional toll they’ve
drained, or saying no and feeling taken.
guilty.'
'And now you’re learning to find Reframing, Emphasizing the
the middle ground—saying yes cognitive possibility of balanced
to yourself without saying no to restructuring responses that honor
connection.' both self and others.
(Smiles, looks thoughtful) 'I Goal setting, She’s setting realistic
want to practice that balance. incremental steps and manageable goals
Maybe with my sister first…
and maybe with my friend later.' for practicing new
behaviors.
'That sounds like a solid plan. Homework Encouraging ongoing
Would it feel helpful to journal suggestion, reflection to deepen
about these moments when you reflective practice learning and track
try something new? Even a few progress.
lines on what worked and how
you felt?'
(Nods slowly) 'I can do that. I Commitment, self- She’s embracing
think it will help me notice compassion reflective practices as
what’s working… and maybe tools for self-
remind me I’m doing okay.' validation.
'Absolutely. You’re building Empowerment, Affirming her progress
something strong here, Saranya. affirming growth and reinforcing her
Every time you listen to yourself developing sense of
and honor your needs, you’re self.
strengthening your sense of who
you are.'
(Eyes soften, smile deepens) Emotional She’s expressing a
'Thank you. I feel like I’m connection, self- significant shift toward
learning to trust myself a little trust self-trust and
more.' emotional resilience.
'That’s beautiful. Trusting Affirmation, Reinforcing her agency
yourself is one of the most empowerment and progress,
powerful things you can do. And anchoring her growth
you’re doing it, step by step.' in positive affirmation.
(Soft laugh) 'Step by step… I Humor, emotional She’s integrating the
like that. Slow but steady.' grounding metaphor of gradual
progress, indicating
comfort with the pace
of change.
(Smiles gently) 'Would you like Collaborative Offering her control
to explore anything else today? agenda setting, over the pace and
Or take some time to sit with client-led pacing direction of the
what we’ve covered so far?' remainder of the
session.

(Thinks quietly for a moment, Self-awareness, She’s recognizing her

then shakes her head gently) 'I emotional limits and expressing a
think I’d like to sit with this for containment healthy boundary
now. It feels… enough.' regarding emotional
processing.
Counselor Dialogue (Including Behavioral Skills Used Process Comments
and Cues)
client
(Nods gently) 'That makes Body awareness, Encouraging her to
perfect sense, Saranya. Let’s emotional check-in connect with physical
hold what we’ve explored with sensations to deepen
care. You mentioned wanting to awareness of internal
sit with this for now… how shifts.
does your body feel as you
think about everything we’ve
worked through today?'
(Closes eyes briefly, then opens Somatic awareness, She’s noticing physical
them slowly) 'It feels… lighter. grounding relief, which reflects
My chest isn’t tight like before. emotional processing
And my shoulders feel… and regulation.
softer?'
'That’s really important. Your Validation, mind- Reinforcing her
body is telling you that it feels body connection attunement to her
safer and more at ease. You’re body’s signals as a sign
giving yourself the space you of safety and progress.
need.'
(Soft smile) 'I never thought I’d Empowerment, She’s acknowledging
notice these things. But now I reinforcing growth in self-
can.' awareness awareness and
mindfulness.
'You’re doing beautifully. Affirmation, Validating her practice
Every time you notice and empowerment of self-attunement and
honor what’s happening inside self-care.
you, you’re strengthening your
ability to care for yourself.'
(Pauses, voice thoughtful) 'I Exploring fears, She’s expressing an
was thinking… when I set reality testing underlying fear of
boundaries, what if people abandonment or
pull away? Like… if they think change in relationships
I’m different now?' as she asserts herself.
'That’s an honest fear, Saranya. Permission Inviting her to approach
It’s hard when we change and seeking, gentle fear with curiosity rather
wonder if others will accept the exploration than avoidance.
new way we show up. Would it
be okay if we sit with that
worry for a moment, and gently
explore it together?'
(Nods slowly) 'Okay… I’m Readiness for She’s open to examining
willing.' deeper exploration her fears around
relationship changes.
'When you imagine someone Emotional Helping her explore the
pulling away because you’re exploration, emotional impact of
setting a boundary, what comes deepening potential rejection.
up for you? What does it feel
like?'
(Takes a breath, voice softer) 'It Exploring core She’s connecting her
feels lonely. Like… I did beliefs, identifying fear to core beliefs of
something wrong. Like I’m self-judgment self-blame and guilt.
being selfish.'
'Thank you for sharing that, Empathy, Validating her
Saranya. Those are painful reframing, experience while
feelings. And yet… here you validation reframing boundary-
are, listening to yourself and setting as courageous
honoring your needs, even rather than selfish.
when it feels hard. That’s not
selfish—it’s brave.'
(Eyes glisten, nodding slowly) Acknowledging She’s expressing a
'I want to believe that. I’m internal conflict, desire for belief in her
trying.' striving for change worth and choices.
'Would it be okay if we try Self-compassion Offering a tool to
something together right now— exercise cultivate self-
a short practice that introduction, compassion in
might help when those doubts permission seeking moments of guilt or
creep in?' self-judgment.
(Wipes a tear, then nods) Readiness for self- She’s open to
'Yeah… I’d like that.' compassion work experiential practice.
'Let’s take a gentle breath in Self-compassion Guiding her into a
together… and slowly let it go. practice, grounding compassionate physical
Now, place your hand over gesture to engage the
your heart—just gently, like parasympathetic
you’re offering yourself nervous system.
comfort.'
(Places hand over heart, breath Mindfulness, She’s engaging with the
slows) somatic awareness exercise, signaling
safety and presence.
'Now, if it feels okay, you can Affirmation, self- Introducing
repeat silently or out loud: “I’m compassion compassionate language
allowed to take care of myself. statements to reinforce self-worth
My needs matter. Setting and validate boundary-
boundaries is an act of love— setting.
for me and for them.”'
(Soft voice, repeats slowly) 'I’m Internalizing She’s practicing
allowed to take care of compassionate compassionate self-talk,
myself… My needs matter… beliefs essential for reducing
Setting boundaries is an act of guilt.
love…'
'How did that feel?' Emotional Inviting her to process
processing, the experience and
reflection notice any emotional
shifts.
(Breathes deeply, soft smile) 'It Emotional relief, She’s experiencing the
feels… kind. Like I’m being self-kindness healing effects of self-
kind to myself for once.' compassion.
'Exactly. You’re learning to be Affirmation, self- Reinforcing her ability
your own ally. And that support to offer herself the
kindness can help you navigate support she longs for
those moments when you worry from others.
about losing people.'

(Voice steadier) 'I think… if Insight She’s reframing

someone walks away because I development, rejection as clarity about
set a boundary, maybe they cognitive relationship dynamics,
weren’t really seeing me in the restructuring reducing self-blame.
first place.'
'That’s a profound insight, Affirmation, Supporting her shift
Saranya. It shows how much reinforcing values toward authentic
you’re honoring your truth now. alignment relationships and self-
And in doing that, you’re respect.
creating space for the people
who truly see and respect you.'
(Soft breath, nods with Stating values, She’s clarifying her
confidence) 'Yeah… I want clarity desires for authenticity
that. I want people in my life in relationships.
who accept me as I am.'
'And you’re becoming that Reflecting Affirming the
person for yourself, too. The progress, reciprocity between
more you accept and honor empowerment self-acceptance and
yourself, the more you invite external relationships.
others to do the same.'
(Smile deepens, voice calm) 'I Emotional shift, She’s expressing an
feel that… for the first time, I affirmation of embodied sense of self-
really do.' growth acceptance and
validation.
'Would you like to think about Collaborative goal Helping her solidify her
how you can carry this forward setting, anchoring progress with tangible
this week? Maybe a small ritual progress actions for the coming
or practice to remind yourself week.
of this truth?'
(Thinks quietly) 'I think I’ll Self-compassion She’s creating a
keep my journal nearby. And practice, personal ritual that
when I feel unsure, I’ll put my mindfulness reinforces self-
hand on my heart like we did… compassion and
and say those words again.' boundary-setting.

'That’s a beautiful practice. Affirmation, Validating the ritual as a

Your journal and your hand on deepening source of ongoing self-
your heart can be reminders that connection to support.
you’re not alone—you’re here practice
for yourself.'
(Smiles softly) 'I like that… it Emotional She’s finding safety
makes me feel safe.' grounding, within herself,
affirmation reinforcing self-reliance
and emotional
resilience.
'And you deserve to feel safe. Affirmation, Offering her a closing
Always.' emotional closure affirmation that
reinforces worth and
safety.
(Pauses, eyes bright) 'Thank Gratitude, She’s acknowledging
you… for helping me see that.' strengthening the therapeutic
alliance relationship and its role
in her healing.
(Warm smile) 'It’s an honor to Validation, Reinforcing the
walk this path with you, collaborative therapeutic alliance
Saranya. You’re doing the support while honoring her
work. I’m here to support you, agency.
every step of the way.'
Counselor Dialogue (Including Behavioral Skills Used Process Comments
and Cues)
client
(Soft, warm smile) 'Saranya, Collaborative Helping her integrate
before we close for today, would reflection, insights and feel
it feel okay if we take a moment consolidation ownership of her
to reflect on what stood out most progress.
for you in this session?'
(Thinks for a moment, then Insight She’s articulating an
smiles brightly) 'I think… consolidation, internal shift toward
realizing I can be kind to myself emotional self-compassion and
and still be strong. And that processing emotional relief.
setting boundaries isn’t selfish—
it’s actually something good. I
feel… lighter, like something
heavy has been put down.'

'That’s a beautiful reflection, Affirmation, Affirming her hard

Saranya. You’ve done a lot of validating effort work and reinforcing
courageous work today—being her sense of
honest with yourself, exploring accomplishment.
those old beliefs, and choosing a
new way forward.'
(Nods, eyes bright) 'Yeah… I Emotional relief, She’s expressing
didn’t expect to feel this way, hopefulness genuine happiness and
but I’m really glad I came today. relief, indicating the
It’s like… something has session was impactful.
changed inside me.'
'I can see that. There’s a softness Reflective Helping her become
in your face now… and a observation, aware of the balance
strength, too. How does it feel, reinforcing she’s embodying—
carrying both?' integration softness and strength.
(Laughs softly, touching her Acceptance, She’s fully embracing
heart) 'It feels good. Like I don’t emotional clarity her authentic self
have to choose anymore. I can without conflict.
just be me.'

'You can, and you are. And this Affirmation, self- Reaffirming her sense
version of you—the one who worth of worth and
honors her feelings, who sets reinforcement authenticity.
gentle boundaries, who trusts
herself—is enough.'
(Smiling brightly, with ease) Gratitude, Strengthening the
'Thank you… that means a lot.' emotional therapeutic bond as she
connection expresses appreciation.
'And thank you for trusting this Collaborative Encouraging her to
space, Saranya. You’ve brought future planning, carry the positive
such openness and courage here anchoring progress emotional state beyond
today. How would you like to the session.
take this feeling with you into
the week ahead?'
(Thinks for a moment) 'I think Commitment to She’s clearly
I’ll remind myself… “I’m practice, self- articulating how she’ll
allowed to take care of myself.” compassion ritual continue the self-
And when I feel unsure, I’ll compassion practice.
place my hand here…' (places
hand gently over heart) '…and
breathe.'
'That’s a beautiful commitment. Empowerment, Reinforcing her agency
And know that every time you affirmation and progress.
do that, you’re reinforcing this
strength you’ve found today.'
(Nods, smiling softly) 'I feel… Emotional state, She’s expressing an
happy. Like, really happy. positive closure uplifted emotional state,
Lighter, too.' which marks a
successful session
outcome.
'That makes me so glad to hear. Affirmation, Cementing the
You deserve to feel light and emotional emotional relief and
free, Saranya. Let’s hold onto reinforcement hope she’s
that feeling.' experiencing.

(Soft exhale, smiling as she Hopefulness, She’s expressing

gathers her things) 'I will. I’m engagement enthusiasm and
looking forward to next time.' readiness for the next
step.
(Warm smile, gentle tone) 'Me Positive closure, Affirming the ongoing
too. We’ll meet again and keep alliance support and the
building on what you’ve started. reinforcement therapeutic alliance.
Take care of yourself this week,
and remember—you’re never
alone in this.'
(Smiling brightly, waves slightly Closure, gratitude Her light and hopeful
as she leaves) 'Thank you, farewell reflect the
Shreshtha. See you soon!' successful impact of the
session.