The Black One Presentation
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mbayaadam21PRESENTATION BASED ON VIRUSES
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BY ADAM AND KATLEGO
What is a virus
A virus is microscopic organism that can infect host, like humans,
plants or animals.
OR
Virus are small germs (pathogens) that can infect you and make
you sick.
They are small piece of genetic information (DNA/RNA) inside of
a protective shell (capsid).Some virus also have an envelope.
Viruses can not reproduce without a host.
Types of diseases caused by viruses
Flu caused by influenza virus
Chickenpox by varicella virus
COVID-19 by coronavirus
Hepatitis virus cause liver disease
What is hepatitis A
Hepatitis A, sometimes called Hep A or HAV, is a viral infection
that attacks the liver. The virus is spread by eating or drinking
food and water that is contaminated with the faeces of an infected
person. It’s more common in places with poor sanitation and
hygiene conditions and a lack of clean water. But, it can also be
passed on through unprotected sex and via sharing needles.
Hepatitis A is not usually serious and clears up on its own after10
to 14 days. However, hepatitis A has many of the same
symptoms as more serious types of hepatitis infections – such as
hepatitis B or C – so it’s important to get tested.
How do you get hepatitis A
The hepatitis A virus needs to get from human faeces into the
mouth to infect someone. You only need to be in contact with
small amounts of faeces to become infected.
Hepatitis A is most commonly passed on by:
1.eating food prepared by someone with the virus who has not
washed their hands properly
2.drinking dirty water(including ice cubes)
3.eating raw or undercooked shellfish from dirty water
4. injecting drugs using contaminated equipment
5. being in close contact with someone who has hepatitis A
6.having sex with someone who has the infection without using a
condom or dental dam.
You are more likely to get hepatitis A via anal sex, particularly if
you touch the anus (bottom) with your fingers, mouth or tongue.
Touching used condoms, sex toys and douching equipment that
have been in someone else’s anus can also spread the virus.
What are the symptoms of hepatitis A
Many people with hepatitis A don’t have any symptoms. If symptoms do develop, you’ll usually
notice them around two to seven weeks after infection. These symptoms will usually pass within two
months, although some people can experience illness for up to 6 months.
If symptoms develop, they can include:
1.flu-like symptoms, including tiredness, a fever and aches and pains
2. loss of appetite
3. feeling and/or being sick
4. diarrhea
5. pain in the upper right part of your tummy (abdomen)
6.dark urine and pale faeces (poo)
7. yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice)
8. itchy skin.
You can spread the infection even if you have no symptoms, or up to 2 weeks before symptoms
appear.
.
How is hepatitis A treated
There is currently no cure for hepatitis A. Your healthcare
professional will usually recommend rest, good nutrition and
plenty of fluids. Painkillers and/or medication to help with
itchiness, nausea or vomiting may be prescribed. Most people will
recover fully within one to two months.
Whether you’ve got symptoms or not, don’t prepare food for
others or have sex until a healthcare professional tells you that
you’re no longer infectious. Once you’ve recovered from hepatitis
A you’re immune – this means you can’t get it again. But you can
still get other types of hepatitis.
How do you prevent hepatitis A
You can stop the spread of the virus by washing your hands regularly, particularly after you go to the
toilet or before you prepare or eat food.
If tap water isn’t safe you should boil it before drinking or using it to brush your teeth. You should
also peel and wash all your fresh fruit and vegetables and avoid raw or undercooked meat and fish.
Sharing contaminated needles and syringes during recreational drug use can also pass hepatitis A
on, so it’s important to use new injecting equipment every time.
You can practice safer sex by using a new external(or male) or internal(or female) condom or dental
dam each time you have vaginal, anal or oral sex. You should cover sex toys with a new condom
and wash them after use, as well as washing your hands after touching someone’s anus or handling
used condoms and sex toys.
Taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), the contraceptive pill or any other type of contraception –
apart from condoms – doesn’t prevent hepatitis A.
If you’re in close contact with someone with hepatitis A or you’re in a high-risk group then having the
hepatitis A vaccine (where available) is recommended.